YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY A GENERAL HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE, on THE COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON. VOLUME III. CONTAINING THE NEW FOREST, CHRISTCHURCH, ANDOVER, AND THE COUNTRY EAST OF WINCHESTER, ETC. By the REY. THEODORE C. WILKS, M.A., VICAR OF WOKING, SURREY, AND CHAPLAIN TO THE BISHOP OF LLAXDAFF ; THE ISLE OF WIGHT, By CHARLES LOCKHART, Esq., B.A. If: IP :~ =¦ TMI M & W,L nuffiUW P« BY THE ' /// rot^ 3 -I c A GENERAL HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE, OB THE COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, fittMratg % |«Ie jrf fU%{ji B. B. WOODWARD, ESQ., B.A., F.S.A., LIBRARIAN TO HER MAJESTY ; THE REY. THEODORE C. WILES, M.A., YICAR OF WOKING, SURREY, AND CHAPLAIN TO THE BISHOP OF LLANDAFF ; CHARLES LOCKHART, ESQ., B.A. WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS ENGRAVED ON STEEL. IN THEEE VOLUMES. YOL. III. LONDON : VIRTUE & CO., CITY ROAD AND IYY LANE. CONTENTS OF YOL. III. PAGE The New Forest 1 Feom Lymlngton to Htthe and Beaulieu 64 From Beatjxieu to Christchtjrch 89 Cheistchttrch 102 Feom Cheistchtjrch to Andoyeb 137 From Andoyee to Silchestee 189 Basingstoke ' 208 From Basingstoke to Odiham 209 Odlham 298 Feom Odiham to Alton 306 Alton 308 Selboene 314 Peteesfield . » 317 porchester 322 Portsmouth •¦•>«... 332 A GENERAL HISTORY OF THE ISLE OF "WIGHT. LIST OF PLATES IN YOL. III. Frontispiece: Poetsmouth Haeboue and Spithead. Vignette: The Needle Bocks, Isle op Wight. PAGTC The King's House, Lyndhuest 15 Boldee Chuech 43 The High Steeet, Lymington 54 Huest Castle 64 Beaulieu Abbey 76 Insects : Net Foeest Moths, &c 89 Fossil Shells of Cheistchuech Bay 94 Cheistchurch Abbey 102 The Oeatoey, Cheistchuech 106 Hampshlee Eoman Payements 196 Beitish and Eoman Coins 200 Chapel oe the Holy Ghost, Basingstoke 226 The Gateway to Basing House 239 The Chuech of St. Maey, Old Basing 257 King John's Castle at Odiham ' . . 305 Defeat of Adam de Guedon 306 View of Alton from the North-West 313 Selboene feom the Hanger 316 The Market Squaee, Petersfield 320 Poechestee Castle 322 Ships of Wae at Spithead 332 Portsmouth Haeboue and Foetifications .... 347 SUPPLEMENT. Osboene House feom the West 1 Gateway and Keep of Caeisbeooke Castle ...-.,. 48 Osboene House feom the North 61 Noeeis Castle , 63 Beading Town and Haeboue 72 Black Gash Chine 78 Yaemouth, Isle of Wight 80 GENERAL HISTORY HAMPSHIRE. THE NEW FOREST, I N our way from Southampton to the New Forest we pass by Millbrook and Redbridge, of which we have already made some notice. It remains to add that Millbrook Manor, in Mansbridge Hundred, belonging to the see, or, rather, the minster of Winchester, was, in the eleventh century, wholly occupied by twenty-eight villeins, with five ploughlands and fourteen acres of meadow ; there not being so much as a hall or mansion-house on the manor where the lord's court might be held, and in which a firrrmrius might reside. The woods afforded pannage to five hogs, and the revenue of the manor was estimated at 110s. The bishop still retains the manorial right of presentation to the rectory. The claim advanced for the Hospital of St. Cross to the rectory of Millbrook and advowson of its vicarage, given by Henry de Blois, has not been sustained, but the hospital receives yearly a pension of two marks charged upon the parsonage of Millbrook. In 1334 the taxation of Millbrook, then reckoned in the church hundred of Butlesgat, was assessed at 42s. Qd. In 1340 Richard Mey, Richard le Skot (or Roger le Scot), William Cudde, and Richard Spark, parishioners of Millbrook, returned the value of its ninths at £12 (or 7) 6s. 8d., and the endowment of its church as consisting in one messuage, with an adjoining curtilage, worth 5s. ; tithe of hay 10s. ; sea weirs, 16s. ; gardens and orchards, 12s. ; milk, calves, colts, geese, honey, &c, 19s. ; mortuaries came to a mark yearly ; oblations and offerings of wax to £2 6s. 8d. The whole annual value of the said tithes, &c, they reckoned at 117s. A murrain that year had carried off many of the sheep at Millbrook. VOL. III. B MillbrookManor. Mauorial rights still held by the bishop. Millbrook iu 1334. HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Ecclesiastical landowners at Millbrook. Millbrookchurchyardand church. The Romsey and Redbridge railway. At the time of the conversion of St. Swithin's Priory into the Dean and Chapter of Winchester, Millbrook manor was worth to the good Benedictines in assize rents of free and customary tenants, £18 17s. lfc?., in farm of certain lands, 15s. Id., parsonage 8s., fines, heriots, and various court dues, 6s. 8d. In 1535 Robert Lark, being the rector, the parsonage of Millbrook was worth in oblations, tithes, &c, £12 (or, rather, £10 6s. 3d.?). Procurations and the pension to St. Cross charged upon it came to 33s. lid. Corpus Christi College at that time held (by gift of Bishop Fox?) tenements at Millbrook which brought them in nothing. The entry touching them sets forth that the receipts were de tend" de Milbroke again, he had formerly been joint holder with Saulf of two hides at Betramelei, valued at £3, and containing five ploughlands, all which, by the afforestation of the country, had been reduced to four acres of meadow held by Saulf, and half a yardland held of the king by Peret the forester. Conjointly with two alodiarii Aluric had held one hide and a yardland at Otreorde (on the Otere, the stream running from Pilley southward) valued at 30s., and con taining two carucates of arable land, all which had been taken into the forest. Another Aluric there was, surnamed the Little, who held land in and near the forest. (1) The actual entry in Domesday Book states that There was a church on the manor. Wood for twenty Agemund held at Tintone, which I understand as a hogs belonged to it. In the time of the Confessor its clerical error for Totintone or Totton. The place in value was 40*., but since then had risen to £4. which should be given the titles of Aluric's holding is (4) Milford had formerly been held of the king by left blank, and we read simply, "Aluric tenet dimidiam Saolt, and was then rated at one hide. In 1084 it was hidam." rated at half a hide, because part of the church had been (2) Einforde rated at half a hide, arable, two plough included in the New Forest. To the manor belonged gates, three villeins, and a mill, held by a warder of the one ploughland. In demesne were one ploughland, four king's house. villeins, six slaves, with one team, a mill (whence the (3) Broceste, when Aluric's father held it, was rated name of the manor), worth 30^., and two acres of at one hide, but in 1084 at half ». hide, and contained meadow. In the old days its value was 20*., and after- one ploughland of arable. In demesne was one plough- wards only 10*. But in 1084 it was valued at 20*., the land, six bordmen, four slaves, with two team and a half, king's part being worth 10*. THE NEW FOREST. 9 Of Totton, Agemund and Aluric each held his own several portion. Tottou land- To Agemund's holding there belonged three bordmen and two villeins, with a io84. team and a half, five acres of meadow, and the fifth part of a mill worth 5s. Aluric had inherited from his father his part of Totton. After the father's death it was held for him in trust by his uncle Goderic, whom he allowed to retain it for life. To the holding belonged two villeins and five bordmen, with a team and a half, four acres of meadow, and the fourth part of the mill worth 5s. Each holding was assessed at half a hide, was valued, in 1066 at 12s., and in 1084 at 15s., and contained a ploughland and a half of arable. In the middle of the fourteenth century Henry de Bradeway held the Bettesthorne Fourteenth lands and tenements at Minstead, Titherley, Testwood, Berkeley, Netley, Ocley, Bock- landowners. hampstead, Bettesthorne, and Totton, as well as the revenues of Little Sombourne, held of the manor of Whydehay. In the latter part of the century we find John Bradeway and his wife Christina holding 26s. 8d. in rents at Totton, Testwood, Berkeley, and Netley, a toft, two acres, and 10s. in rents at Minstead, the third of a quarter of West Titherley manor, with divers parcels of waste land and pasture, the manor of East Titherley and Berghton, lands and tenements at Bockhampton, by Christchurch, the third part of Ocley manor, and at Little Sombourne, a messuage, a ploughland, sixteen and a half acres of meadow, and pasture for 700 sheep. We find, at the same time, in the list of forfeitures, that John Bettesthorne held certain rents, &c, at Totton, Berkeley, Testwood, and Netley, besides the manor of Exbury, and hamlet of Leap, two-thirds of the third part of a messuage and plough- lands at West Titterley, half the manor of Bettesthorne, sixty acres of arable, and one of meadow at Assheley, at Minstead 32s. in rents, besides the advowson of the church, and the free chapel of Lyndhurst, a messuage and ploughlands at Burley, two-thirds of a messuage and eighteen acres at Wynkton and Rockhampton, a messuage and twelve acres at Kerdinge juxta Bourdeford, a curtilage and forty acres at Arnewood, twenty-five acres of waste and four of meadow at Christchurch Twynham, and two-thirds of a third part of Ocley manor. The same lands and tenements were held by Richard de Buttesthorne. We find on November, 14, 1546, Sir John Williams acknowledging the receipt The manor of from John Brondore of £814 17s. \0\d., part payment of £1,234 17s. \0\d. due to KiT963 the Crown for the grant of lands, &c, including the manor of Totton with its Churcl1- belongings, as part and parcel of the possessions of Leteley, or Netley. We now pass onwards by Rumbridge towards the north-western part of the Rumbridge. Forest. It appears that in 1204 there was tried some dispute between William de Vernon, Earl of the Isle of Wight, and the king, touching lands to the value of £8 yearly at Rumbridge and Langeley. Walter de Rumbridge, with William and Jordan de Lisle, sons to Sir Geoffrey de Lisle, who died in 1252, witnessed the deed by which Sir Roger de Tichborne VOL. III. c 10 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Rumbridgelandowners. Marchwoodsalt. Dnrley. renounced all rights in Lymerston chapel, in which was an oratory founded by his ancestors and augmented by his uncle Sir Geoffrey. In the middle of the fourteenth century one Stephen Baldot held 30s. in rents at Rumbridge, and a messuage at Romsey. A hundred years afterwards and we find Elena, widow of William Aldryche, owner of property at Rumbridge, Rumbrig in Stotton. Ten years later Robert Canterton was entered as the late holder of the manors of Canterton and Kynsbridge, the manorial court of Michelmersh, and messuages, lands, and tenements at Rumbridge, Paysford, Pilley, Batramsley, Berkeley, Tachbury, Forde, Stanbridge, and Awbridge. I find Sir Thomas de la Pole entered as holding Romrygge maner' extent. But I do not identify his manor with the Rumbridge of Eling parish. From Rumbridge our course lies by Marchwood Romsey, so surnamed after the abbey which anciently held the manor of Marchwood. At one time Marchwood had a reputation for its salterns. We find in 1377 William Escote enfeoffing one Mr. Thomas Spert, clerk, and Hugh Atte Mere, in the fourth part of West Titherley manor, the whole of East Titherley, the third part of the manor of Ocley, and four quarters of salt at Marchwood. At the beginning of the fifteenth century Sir Walter Romsey held the manor of Rockbourne, with its appendant fees of Southpett and Clifton Maubank, and certain messuages and lands at Romsey, Dene, La Hyde, and Marchwood. The same messuages are entered among the holdings of Sir Thomas Romesey seventeen years afterwards. In the time of Queen Elizabeth there was a Chancery suit of some interest brought by John Hales against Stephen Warwicke and others, for the recovery of the will and guardianship of the two children of Thomas Warwicke, deceased, who held at Marchwood, in the parish of Eling, and of the manor of Eling, certain copyhold lands. We also find in Elizabeth's reign one William Richman proceeding against Henry Lovell respectmg the performance of an award touching the title to the manor of Marchwood, or Marshwood Romsey, according to which Richman was to convey part of the manor to Lovell. We will now skirt the southern boundary of Eling parish, and by way of Langley and Durley striking westward, as best we may, through forest paths, arrive at the Hunter's Inn, and thence onward to Lyndhurst itself. Langley and Durley are both of them Domesday Book manors. One yardland at Durley was held in the time of the Confessor in parage, by Saulf. In 1084, Edmund, brother to Payne, held it of the king, and under him it was occupied by Hugh. Two villeins, and a team, with half an acre of meadow, belonged to the manor. In the old days there was wood at Durley for six hogs. The value of the manor had been 10s., but in 1084 was only 3s. THE NEW FOREST. 11 At Langley there were, in 1084, two, if not three, holders of land. Part was Langley. held by Hugh de St. Quintin, who said that he had received it from the Bishop of Bayeux in exchange for a mill. In the time of the Confessor four freeholders (alodiarii), held it in parage. The assessment was one hide, the arable land, two ploughlands ; and there belonged to it six villeins and seven bordmen, with two teams. The value was 20s. in former days, but 30s. in 1084. Another part was held by Cola, the huntsman. His father, Ulviet, had held with it the manor of Merceode (Marchwood ?).7 Ulviet's half hide at Langley, held of the king in parage, was assessed at half a hide, but in his son's time, the assessment had been reduced to the fourth part of a yardland. Half a ploughland and wood for five hogs belonged to the manor, and in demesne there were one bordman, and half an acre of meadow. The value in Ulviet's days, as well as in those of his son Cola, was 6s. Apparently at Langley lay the virgate, held by Aluric the Little, in the Forest. A colbert had formerly held it in farm for the king. Aluric claimed the land by grant from the Bishop of Saintes (?) It was assessed at one yardland, and contained one ploughland of arable. Formerly it was worth only 6s., but in 1084 its value was 12s. And now we are surrounded by the wilderness of the forest, into which we may plunge on either side and lose ourselves in its mazes. The charms of the forest are not to be described in words. Its stillness, broken The forest and only by the rustling of the breeze, the light crackling which tells of some squirrel lts Pleasant- or rabbit quietly stealing by, the notes of the birds, the hum of the insects ; the wild and heathy openings here and there in the midst of which the wayfarer, if not a true Hampshire heath-cropper, will find himself bogged unawares; the pretty little villages which one stumbles upon now and then, — or, prettier still, the out-of- the-way cottages, to which the only access is by some winding forest path, — all give a charm which, perhaps, none, or few, can understand but those who have had the happiness of living in or near the remnants of some such ancient forests as those with which Hampshire at one day abounded. Words must fail to give any notion of its exceeding delightsomeness ; nay, more, the art of the painter must fail, for who shall paint the loveliness of the forest ground, the lights and shadows of the surroundings, and the deliciousness of the deep blue and cloud-flushed summer's sky as it shows through the branches of the forest woods ! Near Lyndhurst we notice the hollies, abundant there, as in all the Hampshire Lyndhurst wild woodlands, the huge ivy-trees, with stem almost as big as a man's body, w0° 3' clinging to the stately beeches ; but we miss the lime or linden-trees which at one time, as the very name Lyndhurst tells us, must have flourished thereabouts. (1) Alnric had succeeded his father Ulviet at Merc- one ploughland and a half, with two acres of meadow. eode. It was assessed at one hide, there was one plough- The wood was worth 8d. In old days the manor was land of arable j two villeins and two bordmen occupied worth 1 0*., but by 1084 its value had risen to 1 5*. c 2 12 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Early bailiffs of Lyndhurst, The king at Lyndhurst. The manorial court of Lynd hurst. We find, in the time of Henry III., Lyndhurst giving a surname to the king's principal forester of south-west Hampshire. An order of 1223, granted as perquisites of office to Henry de Lindherst, Ralph Fucher,1 Roger de Burley, Henry de Baddesley, Hugh de Godeshall, William de Lovere, and William de Pauncet, foresters in fee of the New, Clarendon, and Bocholt Forests, the broken spray and branches blown down by the wind, within the limits of their charge. Seven and twenty years afterwards, Richard de Lyndhurst received a grant of the Lyndhurst bailiwick, and Richard Burle of the Burley bailiwick, in the New Forest. It appears that, at Michaelmas, 1267, the said Richard was co-defendant in a suit, brought by William de St. Omer, against the Abbot of Beaulieu, Richard Lustemund de Lindelhurst, Richard Pikenet, and others, for trespassing on his woods at Bramshaw, there cutting and thence carrying timber worth £200. In 1269 a grant was made to Elinor, wife to Prince Edward, with remainder to his heirs, of the office of Seneschal of the New Forest, and the bailiwick of Lyndhurst. About that time Henry de Lyndhurst held at Lyndhurst, Ives, and Brockley, a yardland of arable, and the serjeanty of the forest, worth a rent of £10 yearly.2 We find, dated at Lyndhurst, Sept. 28, 1281, the very important writ by which the king inhibited John de Pecham, the archbishop, and his clergy, then at Lambeth, in Convocation assembled, from doing anything against the king's crown and dignity. Ten years later, the custody of the manors of Lyndhurst and Ringwood, with the New Forest, and all its appurtenances, as belonging to Queen Elinor, was committed to John Fitz Thomas. In 1334 Richard de Tudeworth enfeoffed Nicholas Pyke, and his wife Joan, in the manors of Brockley and Lyndhurst, with the suit of court of Lyndhurst lordship. The profits from the manorial courts of Lyndhurst did not long remain with Nicholas Pyke and his wife ; we find them reckoned, 1352, amongst the possessions of Henry de Welles. In 1361 Lyndhurst manor was returned, with 100 acres of land, and other holdings, at Wedyton, Batramesle, and Pile, lands and tenements at Bermyngton and Christchurch, and the manor of Perle, as the late possessions of Thomas Patericke. Presently afterwards, the manor of Lyndhurst is entered, with the Brockle and Buckland manors, and land at Lower Wallop, as held by John de Buckland ; and next with lands and tenements at Godeshull, and lands at North Burgate, Ford, and Breamore, among the holdings of John Ernys. (1) In 1324 Margery Fowcher died, seized of land at Batramsley, the manor of Lyndhurst, and at Painsford a water-mill, saltern, &c. (2) Hugh de Godeshull held at Linwood one plough- land, a bailiwick worth 60*. in rent, and 30*. for the dairy, vaccaria. Geoffrey de Baddesley, at Fritham and Baddesley, held half a ploughland, with a bailiwick worth a rent of 60*., and 30*. for a vaccaria. THE NEW FOREST. 13 It appears that the profits of the manor court were still severed from the other Lyndhurst advantages, rights, and privileges, belonging to the lordship of the manor ; as we maaor court' find Thomas de Mynstede holding the suit of court at Lyndhurst. He held also the revenues of Minstead manor. At that time the manor of Berkeley was dependent upon that of Lyndhurst. Thus, we find in the records of 1363 a note of William le White de Berkele having held the manor of Berkele in the New Forest by service at the court of Lyndhurst. He held also six acres at Windsor, in the New Forest. Again, next year, Roger Palmere de Berkele is recorded to have held thirty acres at Berkele as of the manor of Lyndhurst. Suit of court at Lyndhurst was, in 1367, reckoned, with sixty acres at Exbury, as belonging, or rather having belonged, to Robert de Exbury. Three years afterwards, we find Sir Thomas Tirell, when granting Walter Tirell, and his wife Elinor, the manor of Avene, as held of Winchester Castle, reserving to himself certain lands he held at Lyndhurst. In 1371 we find Adam de Rotherfield and Sir William de Lyndhurst concerned Lyndhurst in the demise of Rotherfield manor, the advowson of East Tisted, the office of the fourteenth seneschal of the New Forest, the manors of Lyndhurst and Alton, a messuage at century- Toteshalls, and a wood at Alton, known as Kingswood. Some five years afterwards, Richard Pylley enfeoffed John Pulko in fifty acres at Pylley and Lyndhurst suit of court. Immediately afterwards occurs the notice of 100 acres at Godeshulle, land at Credelestowe, La Feld, and the manors of Lyndehurst and Burgate, among the possessions of John de Romesey. So, at another time, we find fifty acres at La Folde given, with ten at Forde and the manor of Lyndhurst, as the property of John Brymmore. In 1387 royal authority was given to certain persons for enclosing Lyndhurst Park. Towards the end of the century John Wroth held the manors of Lyndhurst and Wroth and Brokle; and just at the expiration of the century the Hampshire possessions of hurst!"1 y" " Sir Ingelram Bruyn1 are entered as land at Godshill, the manor and advowson of Rowner, the manor of Fordingbridge, held of the Countess of Kent, as lady of Bedhampton manor, and the manor of Lyndhurst. And immediately afterwards, Sir Thomas Blount is recorded as holding rents at Batramsle and Pilley, messuages and lands at Brookley and Wallop, and the manors of Lyndhurst and Ringwood. In 1406 Sir John Wroth died, seized of the manor of Brockley, near Lymington, (1) We shall have further occasion to notice the con- married, first to Thomas Tyrrell, secondly to Sir William nection of the Brune family with Hampshire. Suffice it Brandon, and thirdly to William Mallory ; that the now to record that on the death of Ingelram, in 1400, younger son, Thomas, married Elizabeth, coheiress to Maurice, it would seem, succeeded to his lands, that Sir William Sturmy, of Wolf Hall, and their eldest son, Henry, eldest son to Sir Maurice, dying in his father's John Brune, married Anne, daughter to Michael Tich- lifetime left two daughters, of whom the second was bourne, of Titchbourne. 14 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Lyndhurstmanor. Stourton of Stourton at Lyndhurst. The Arnudells at Lyndhurst, and wardens of the forest. lands and tenements at Burghton, the manors of Upper and Nether Wallop, and rents from the manor of Lyndhurst. Next year Richard Eustace is noted as having held a cottage and land at Godeshill, near Fordingbridge, and certain services at Lyndhurst manor. In 1413 it was reckoned that Elizabeth, wife to Sir William Palton, was seized of land at Burghton, and the manors of Upper and Nether Wallop, Brokeley, and Lyndhurst. It appears, that a little before the middle of the fifteenth century, Thomas Ryngwood, Esq., the elder, held one messuage, and 100 acres at Godeshill and La Felde, as members of Lyndhurst manor. At the beginning of Edward IV.'s reign Sir John Stourton, of Stourton,' held the manors of Ibbesley, Lower Burgate, and Sopley, thirteen messuages, 100 acres of arable, and four of meadow, with a pound of cummin in rent at Frogham and Rudbroke, messuages at Basingstoke, rents out of Ludshelfe manor, besides holdings at La Hide, Lyndhurst, Bramshaw (?), and Gretenham. It appears from a record of 1440 that Sir John Stourton, with his vassals and tenants, of the manor and village of Hibeslye (Ibbesley), within the New Forest, enjoyed certain privileges and exemptions granted by charter of .Henry III., in 1270, to John de la Bere. Of that charter no enrolment was extant ; but, in right of it, the Ibbesley dogs were not subject to expeditation, and the Ibbesley hogs and beasts had free pannage and pasturage in the forest. In 1461 John Dikenan held messuages and lands at Lyndhurst, Carisbrook, and Godshill, a messuage and ploughland at Breamore, a messuage, ploughland, and garden at Fordingbridge, a messuage and garden at New Lymington, a cottage at Kymvene, a messuage and tenement at Arreton, and twelve messuages at Newport, Isle of Wight. In 1466 there was granted to Sir Thomas Arundell, Lord Maltravers, in special tail, that is to say, to his heirs male by Margaret, daughter to Richard, Earl Rivers, by his wife Jaquetta, widow of John, Duke of Bedford, and sister to Elizabeth the Queen, the New Forest, Lyndhurst Park, and the Abbot of Reading's 40s. rent (vol. ii. p. 243). In 1474 we find Thomas Ryngwood, Esq., entered as holding the manors of Burgate and Lyndhurst, and a tenement known as the Four Acres, besides other Hampshire possessions, entered, two years afterwards, as messuages and lands at (1) The famous Sir John Stourton, of Stourton, son to William Stourton by his wife Elizabeth, daughter to Sir John Mayne, was made a baron, May 26, 1455. His grandson, John (third lord), married Catherine, daughter to Sir Maurice Berkeley, and John's great-great-great- nephew William (tenth lord), married Frances, daughter to Sir Edward More, of Odiham. Sir Henry, son to John Moyne.in 1365 paid £32 1.8*. 2d. for his relief of certain rents at Lyudeshulne, worth yearly £17 11*. id., reckoned amongst those there held of the king in good serjeanty, by service of the larder and kitchen pnrveyage (lardenarius regis, emptor coquince regis). William, probably the father of John le Moyne, in 1279, held two hides at Lyndeshull, by the same tenure. Sixty years before one William le Moyne held Shipton, in Gloucester, by serjeanty of the larder. i VI f THE NEW FOREST. 15 Fordingbridge and the neighbouring manor of East Mill, members of Burgate manor, the manor of Folde, a member of Lyndhurst manor. So much for Lyndhurst in ancient days. Of the existing town, or rather village, the most interesting features are the new church and the King's House. The parish of Lyndhurst is but a chapelry (Lyndhurst church was a "free Lyndhurst chapel") to that of Minstead. The new church takes the place of an earlier structure, built in 1710, which possessed no particular features of interest. The present building strikes the passer-by with a general impression of rich Venetian magnificence, inviting him to a closer inspection of its details. The coloured brick, faced and dressed with stone, the rows of marble pillarets and shafts, the transepts scarcely projecting beyond the aisles, the square tower at the north-west corner of the church, the low-roofed and buttressed aisles carried out nearly as far east as the chancel itself, all combine to make the external appearance of the new church striking from the unfamiliarity of its design. Inside its ornamentation is very remarkable. The open timber roof of fifteenth —its interior, century style, the beautiful aisle arch pillars of red brick clustered with dark slate shafts, and banded with carved Caen stone, the lovely floral carvings of the capitals, the chancel and choir shafts of Cornish marble, and the beautiful chancel windows, all demand our admiration. Nor less must we notice Mr. Leighton's fresco " altar- piece " of the Ten Virgins. There may be faults in the design and execution of the piece — the faces may be too hard and the figures too mechanical — but, nevertheless, the truth and vigour with which the thought is worked out raise the painting out of the scope of common criticism. It would be hard to find a finer embodiment of the sad pleading of the rejected ones, and their despair as they hear, " Too late, too late ; ye cannot enter now." In the King's House at Lyndhurst, or, rather, in the adjoining hall, are held the The King's manorial and Forest courts. The house (at all events in its present form) dates from the seventeenth century. Within it is preserved, as the badge of the authority vested in the chief judge of the Forest courts, a certain ancient stirrup,1 fondly imagined to have once belonged to William Rufus. The King's House at Lyndhurst, the centre and capital of the New Forest, is well represented by the accompanying engraving. The judicial officers of the forest by old statute and custom were the chief justice, (1) One is loth when, as Sir Walter Scott has it — Thence comes it that the New Foresters always tried to connect everything discovered in the Forest, in some way Placed where still the Conqueror s hests o erawe, oc other> ^ wmm ^^ And his son s stirrup shines the badge of law "- The ^^ wQrn by ^ preaiding j(rfge ^ Lyndhurst> to believe that the said stirrup was made only some three must once have belonged to the red-haired king; the hundred years ago. Yet, I fear, the pleasaut legend of how and quiver found in the Forest, July, 1772, were its greater antiquity cannot be maintained. There is a " supposed to have lain there since the time of William natural tendency in men to refer every relic to those "Rufus." Unluckily that which at first taking up is a historical or mythical personages, with whose name they mere fire-side legend, assumes before long the guise of a may be most familiar. grave historical statement. 16 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The Chief Justice of forests south of the Trent. Forest courts. The verderors. The regarders. Earliest history of the Forest. his deputy, and the four verderors. The executive officers of the forest were the chief warden, rangers, regarders, foresters, and others. The office of Chief Justice of the Forest has long ago sunk entirely into a sinecure ; in reference to which one cannot refrain from quoting the words of Thomas Grenville, who held the office early in this century, " A great part of my library has been pur chased from the profits of a sinecure office given to me by the public, and I feel it to be a debt and a duty that I should acknowledge this obligation by giving that library, so acquired, to the British Museum for the use of the public." Among the presentations and inquisitions before the chief justice made according to statute, besides those touching vert and venison, were included complaints and inquiries of church and mill- ways stopped up or straitened. Of the forest courts held by the verderors that of Attachments, Wood Mote, or Forty Day Court is lowest. The higher court of Swainmote was, by statute, held thrice a year. It was attended by all the officers and freeholders of the forest, as well as by a jury of five men from each villata. The judges at court of Swainmote were the verderors, presided over (?) by the steward.1 The Chief Warden of the Forest had no right of seat on the judicial bench. The verderors, chosen like coroners by the liberi et legates homines, the forty-shil ling freeholders of the county, are still judges of the forest courts. By ancient order they should be four in number to each forest, and esquires, or, at lowest, gentlemen of good fame and learning in the forest law. The duty of the twelve regarders was the general inspection of, and inquisition into, and, if necessary, presentation before the court of, all matters belonging to vert and venison within the forest. To the regarder belonged the care and regulation of hawks' nests, forges and mines, regulations of ports and creeks of the sea with their landing-places for vessels, dogs, bows, guns, and engines of chase, and other matters occurring within the limits of, or belonging to their regard. It would be impossible in this work to notice all the statutes passed which affect the New Forest, or to enter with anything like detail into the peculiarities of forest courts and forest law. The little black-letter quarto of Manwood (I believe there is a later edition, but I quote from, and refer to, my own copy of 1615) gives a clear account of a forest and all that thereto belongs. We must rather take this occasion before we leave the Forest capital to rehearse the general history of the New Forest, and in the first place to examine into the truth of the popular legend, which tells us that the Conqueror laid waste south-west Hampshire, and turned it into a royal hunting-ground. (1)1 doubt whether the seneschal or steward of the forest was really a judicial officer. Doubtless as assessor he might consult with, or as amicus curia advise, the verderors. Over the manorial court of Lyndhurst he might preside. It is to be noted that, although each of the high officers of the forest (the Warden and Justice) was repre sented in his office by a lieutenant or deputy, there was this important difference between the two — that whereas the deputy of the Warden did not hold his office by statute, the deputy of the Justice was appointed under the provisions of 32 Henry VIII. c. 35. THE NEW FOREST. 17 But before entering upon the consideration of that matter it will be necessary to Apparent ascertain what was the condition, and what had been the history of the Ytene when character of William the Conqueror grasped the sceptre of his kinsman the Confessor. We must HaraPshire- notice in passing that the part of England now known as Hampshire must in all times (that is to say, ever since it was thrown into its present physical form) have been a country of wood and waste. It is almost fringed round with the vestiges of those wildernesses which long before ever Englishman set foot in the land stretching from the south-east ran up northward east of the Itchen, and then north of the down country, trending westward into the vast wild of which Marlborough and Severnake forests preserve the memories, allowed but little open space between their southern limit and the spreading mass of wood and moor which occupied the country from the Test to the Solent Sea. The names of Bere, Waltham, Woolmer, Alice Holt, Odiham, Eversley, Pamber, Its woodland Andover,1 Clarendon, and Buccolt forests still survive, directing us where to find remains of that wild and pleasant scenery in which Hampshire was one day so rich. Before the advent of our forefathers into this country the advantages, for the Early occupiers establishment of pottery works, of a large waste country with plenty of brushwood west district! for firing, and clay2 for material, had commended themselves to the Romanised natives of the country. In late years very extensive discoveries have been made of kilns and their vestiges about half way between Bramshaw and the Avon, some of the kilns being within Bramshaw parish. We have already noticed the specimens of the New Forest pottery preserved in the Hartley Institute. A larger collection is deposited in the British Museum. The date of the potteries, so far as it may be gathered from coins and other indi cations of their period found in and near the kilns, cannot be fixed earlier than the end of the third or beginning of the fourth century. It would further seem, from the state of the potteries, that they were gradually abandoned, probably as they became less and less remunerative. We may not improbably thence infer, that through the country becoming more and more disquieted by the foreign invasion and internal dissensions of the fourth century, the potteries began to be deserted by their occupiers, and so fell into disuse. (1) Of whieh Matthew Croc was, in 1155, warden. Broc paying in twenty for the Forest of Witingelega, tfe find him accounting for £4 due to the king from the Wittingley. Forest of Andover, Witingelega, and Dinglai. He had Of Wittingley Wood we shall hereafter observe some paid as tithes to the canons of Salisbury, 6*. ; 20*.. to interesting notices. In the time of Henry III. Walter Hamo Boterel, and 54*. into the treasury. de Clere and Robert de Maner were ordered to give In like manner for the 60*. due from Chippenham seizin of part of the wood to the Dean and Chapter of Forest, 6*. he had paid as tithes to the Salisbury canons, Rouen. The Sheriff of Hampshire was at the same time and 54*. into the Treasury. It does not seem, however, charged to make proclamation that timber from the wood that the so-called Andover Forest was generally so desig- might he freely sold. nated. In the returns of 1154 and 1156, Matthew Croc (2) On the lower Bagshot clays kilns were established makes his account of 60*. for the Forest of Witingelea, at Crockle, Slodon, and Island Thorn. At Oakley and and the Brills of Andover, and in 1156 of 40*. all paid Anderwood their vestiges occur on the junction of the into the Treasury for the Brills of Andover ; Ralph de Upper Bagshots with the Barton clays. VOL. III. D 18 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Locality of the It is to be noticed that all the kilns already discovered lie within the northern verge of the Forest — a fact which would seem to indicate that at the time of their occupation the civilised part of our county lay along the valleys of the Avon, the Test, and the Itchen. There do not appear to be within the limits of the Forest vestiges of any early or pre-English villages, beyond the mere settlements of potters and charcoal burners, established in the neighbourhood of the pottery kilns, and for the most part confined, as we have seen, to the northern districts of the Forest. Old trackway The ancient British track, afterwards improved into a Roman road, which led from FoRa? k the *he -^es* Ya^e7 to the sea, may still be traced along a great part of its course. That course is indicated by local names marking the continuation of the Rue Street, which ran from the Roman settlement in the heart of the Isle of Wight to the Solent, and thence by Leap, on the Hampshire coast, right northward by Tatchbury. It seems most probable, as hereafter will be shown, that by that ancient way tin and lead were conveyed to the coast for foreign shipment. Barrows in the The other traces of a pre-English occupation of the country consist in little more than sepulchral remains — of which some may, without much doubt, be assigned to a period antecedent to the Roman invasion of Britain; others, in their contents of pottery of Romanised form and impress, give evidence of a later date. The barrows in the neighbourhood of Lymington and Beaulieu may possibly mark the resting-places of those who withstood Vespasian's invasion of the Belgians' land, and of their own Romanised descendants, who thereabouts, under the lord of Nate, contested the possession of their country with the English invaders. The chief characteristics of the New Forest barrows appear to be that they all bear marks of cremation, and that no metal implements, or bones of domestic or other animals, have been discovered in them. Other evidences of a pre-English occupation of the country will be noticed in connection with the places at which they have been observed.1 The Ytene. We have seen that when our forefathers came to this country, they found in the lands lying west of the Southampton Water a wild district of wood and marsh, extending westward almost to the limits of the territories over which the BelgEe ruled. Now, it is wholly improbable that after that wooded and marshy district had become part of the possessions of the men of Wessex it passed at once, or at all, into a good state of cultivation. In the first place, the geological character of the country shows that it never could (1) Among the sites of barrows, in and near the Forest, Bratley, near Sloden, Denny Walk, and that most remark- may be specified, Dibden Bottom, Holbury (three bar- able of them all, the lofty barrow west of Linwood. rows), East and West Fritham, Beaulie. Plain, Bratley Possibly at Lytlon and Litchmoor (vol. ii. p. 14) we Plain, Langley Heath, Shirley Sway, and Lymington may find the burying-places of those Englishmen who fell Commons ; the site of the ancient trackway to Leap in the unsuccessful attempt to drive the Northmen from (two barrows), and by the road from Beaulieu to Fawley. the Hampshire shores. Or Latchmoor may have been Roman pottery has been found in the barrows, &c., of their battle field. THE NEW FOREST. 19 have been much cultivated. To this day, the great part of it has proved stubbornly The Ytene was irreclaimable without an amount of labour expended upon it which the pre-Conquest nn'jro husbandman would never dream of expending upon the ungrateful gravels of the middle eocene, when around him were rich and deep soils inviting his care.1 Secondly, we have strong negative evidence in support of our previous argument. Of nearly every other part of Hampshire there exist in pre-Conquest records notices of their cultivation, sale, and apportionments. How comes it, then, that with trifling exceptions, the great district of the Ytene is not mentioned ? The apparent answer is that its waste and uncultivated lands were not proper subjects of apportionment, —uncultivated. I see no other way of accounting for the fact. Just so in our colonies, the fertile and productive parts of the country are the subjects of land sales long before the barren wastes are appropriated. Again, a greater part of the names which the afforested portions of the Ytene had Evidence of its Til J) OP- H 3. Ill fcS borne in the times of the Confessor speak for themselves. They tell us that, as well before as after the making of the New Forest, the south-west of Hampshire was a country of waste and woodland in which the occasional farmstead, village, or ham, and the enclosed tune, occurred amongst the hursts of the woodland, and the open lea by the brook-side. Further, had not the Ytene been already a wild and waste tract of country, the Waste, there- Conqueror would never have thought of afforesting it. Supposing that he had ventured to brave the opposition of the commons — and we know from his whole course of conduct that it was his settled policy rather to conciliate in all matters his English subjects — how would it be possible all at once to create and stock a new set of large hunting-grounds. His love of the chase, coupled with common prudence, would lead the Conqueror to fix upon the wildest and least frequented part of the country as that most suitable to be turned into a new forest. Moreover — and, after all, this is as strong an argument as any, except that derived from the geological character of the country — if there were all those churches and a corresponding population, of which the popular legend tells, what became of the settlements ? How is it that we do not find in the Forest, as at Southampton and (1) Half a century ago practical men saw that there he makes out that if the said statements are trustworthy, was " no trace whatever of any former cultivation upon the churches of the district stood " at within one mile most of the present, wild, uncultivated heaths, whether and about two hundred yards of each other, .... a within or without the boundaries of the forest in this church to every large farm, unless these historians are country." all fools and liars." He then fairly enough draws the Nay, even the common sense of William Cobbett led inference that the " histories, as they call them, are fabu- him to see the absurdity of the nonsense which men lous ; ok (and mind this or), that England was, at one around him talked about the site of the New Forest time, and that, too, eight hundred years ago, beyond all having once being a " a rich district." He writes of it measure more populous than, it is now" It suited his as " the very poorest in the whole kingdom," and " a purpose to take the latter alternative as his conclusion, poorer spot than this New Forest, there is not in all and to argue that, on the average, one acre of the New England ; nor, I believe, in the whole world. It is Forest soil not being so productive as one square rood of more barren and miserable than Bagshot Heath." Worcestershire, if the barren land " was covered with Then taking the statements he found in books about people and with churches, what must Worcestershire have the Conqueror's dealings with that part of the country, been." d2 20 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Evidence of Domesday Book. The specially Forest manors. elsewhere, vestiges of the old towns and villages ? The wood of which the huts were made would have disappeared, but surely there would from time to time be found relics of habitation, kitchen middens, and other like reminiscences of the earlier population. But these arguments are, after all, of little worth by the side of the positive evidence afforded to us in the Great Survey Book of Winchester. We therein are furnished with an account of certain manors within the New Forest, and others which lay upon its borders. In that account is rendered a double estimate of their value and extent — first, as they were in the time of the Confessor ; and secondly, as they were returned after the afforestation of the Ytene. It is easy thence to gather what was the real extent of the spoliation and devastation attributed to William. It would far transcend the limits of this work to state in minute detail the results which such an investigation affords us. Some general conclusions as regards the whole of the district concerned, with a few cases examined by way of illustration in particular detail, must suffice.1 And first we must observe a distinction to be made between the manors which in Domesday are expressly given as being in Nova Foresta et circa earn,2 and those which, although more or less afforested, were not included under that special description.3 It will further be observed, in taking severally the accounts of the afforested manors, that very few of them were wholly thrown into waste. For example, there (1) The results arrived at by a well-known historian of Hampshire, whose unpublished " collections " now form part of a library especially rich in manuscripts of the kind, may shortly be stated as showing that of the manors more or less within the limits of the New Forest, two-thirds had been afforested. (2) That is in Bovre hundred, a Truham, Sclive, Lesteorde, Svei, Bedeslei, Oselei, a Trucham, Wolnetune, Lentune, Hentune, Esselie, Bermintune, Bichelei, Fern- helle, u. Greteham, a Achelie (?), Bovreford, Pistelei (?), Wigarestun, Bovre, Cildeest. In Rodbridge, a Achelie, « Falelie, u Hariforde, Depedene, a Bocolt, a Otreorde, Nutlei, a Gatingeorde, a Teocreberie, a Roweste, a Hardelie. In Eodedic, a manor belonging to William de Ow, Herdel, Pistelei, Truham (?), Alwinetune, Bile, Beceslei, Odetnne, Oxelei (?), Godesmanescamp, Melleford, Esselei, Einforde, a Utefel, Broceste, Svei, Mintestede, Betestre, Crone. In Egeiete, Hobnrne. In Rincwede, Herdebrige. In Truham, three manors belonging to Aluric the Little, Hunta, and Sawin, Betramelai, a Sanhest, a manor belonging to Hunta and Pagan, Pisteslai (?), a Cocherlei, a Nutlei (?), a Brochelie and Mapleham, a Hincelueslei. The manors to the names of which a is prefixed were wholly afforested. (3) We find that the manors wholly or in part be longing to the New Forest and its precincts, lay within the hundreds of Redbridge, Ringwood, Fordingbridge, Brocton, Bovre, Rodedic, Truham, Egeiete, and Serlei. Of which Bovre and the three last named hundreds were afterwards merged in the New Forest and Christchurch hundreds. Brocton, so far as we are concerned with it at the present, became part of Thorngate hundred. Fording bridge or Forde and Redbridge hundreds remained, for the most part unaltered, and Ringwood hundred, when the Hampshire tenths and fifteenths were taxed in 1334, had become the lordship of Ringwood. The consolidation of hundreds dates from the thirteenth century. In the computation rendered, 14 Henry II. by the sheriff, of monies due to the king from the hundreds, pro falso judicio, we find the entries of Eggietha hun dred, two marks ; Schirlega, 20*. ; Ruggeditch, nothing ; Ringewode, two marks ; Fordingbrege, nothing ; Man- nesbrugg, two marks, and Rodbrugg, 10*. ; Faleslega, five marks ; Micheldeura, 40*. ; Butlesgata, and thir teen other Hampshire hundreds, are mentioned in the return as fined in lesser or larger amounts from five marks downwards. THE NEW FOREST. 21 is no one of the Domesday hundreds more thoroughly a Forest hundred than that of Scarcely any Bovre. With the exception of the royal manor of Linhest, and the Romsey Abbey SSrSeT011' part of Svei, it is wholly included in the list of manors in Nova Foresta et circa earn. Yet even in Bovre hundred there were but five holdings, valued at 180s., entirely turned into waste. Of the other one-and-twenty holdings twelve were still in part cultivated with the plough ; in six there was no arable, but meadow land ; and of three we learn that a certain portion of the land was not waste, though we are not told in so many words that it was subject to the plough. The depreciation in value of those twenty-one holdings may approximately — for Summary of the exact total is not to be obtained— thus be summed up : — Before the afforestation resu s' thirty-seven pounds of sterlings and 347s. represented the value of the twenty-one holdings to their possessors. In 1084 to the possessors they were worth 165s., and 47s. to the king. Now, here we must remember, not only that the depreciation of the holdings in Bovre hundred was the extreme case, but, further, that through silver having risen in value since the days of the Confessor, the apparent was much greater than the real injury done to the Bovre hundred manors. So much for the evidence against the common tale : let us now see upon what The common grounds its credibility may be based. Now, here the first thing which strikes one storyexamined- as remarkable is that the English or Saxon chronicler, who certainly had no great love for fhe Norman duke, seems to know nothing about the devastation on which later writers laid such stress. Yet such an act could scarcely have escaped the notice of one who, living in the time of the Conqueror, and knowing him by sight, carefully collected all the tales of his misdoings throughout England; nor is it likely that a writer who dwelt so largely upon the oppressions under which his countrymen had suffered, specially particularising among them the introduction of forest law, would have omitted to record, among instances of the king's oppression, the laying waste of a large and well-populated country, had the report of such a deed ever come to his ears. It does not appear that the story of the Conqueror's devastation of the Ytene The tale arose arose until the fablers wanted to trace a connection of effect and cause between the m r dajs" death of Rufus and the making of the New Forest. We know how ready men always are to explain any specially remarkable form of death by framing some tale of a retribution of which it was the issue. There must — so would run the common thought — there must have been some crime in the making of a forest which has been so fatal to the maker's family. And then the imagined crime would not be far to seek.1 We are told in the inflated declamation of Ordericus Vitalis, and later writers, of (1 ) Even William of Jumieges, or rather the later perierunt auoniam multas villas, et ecclesias •propter writer who has passed under that name, assigns no better eamdem forestarn amplificandam in circuitu ipsius de- authority for the tradition than, " Ferunt antem multi struxerat." Little as the writer's narration may be worth quod duo filii Wilhelmi Regis in ilia sylva judicio Dei it at all eveuts does not much favour the popular legend. 22 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Imaginedchurches too many for the real population. Absurdity of the legend. Church Place and Castle Place — their meanings. churches in number, from twenty to sixty according to the varying accounts, all destroyed by the Conqueror within the limits of the forest. Now, in the first place, it strikes one as wholly improbable that such a number of churches should have at any time existed in that part of Hampshire. In the second place, there is no attempt at specification of the churches by their names, localities, or other particular distinction. In the third place, comparing the population of the Ytene in the days of the Confessor, so far as it can be ascertained in Domesday Book, with the population of other parts of Hampshire at that time, and then comparing the number of churches standing in and near the forest in the latter part of the eleventh century with the number of churches at that time existing elsewhere in the country, wo shall, I think, find the four numbers stand to each other very much in a proportionate ratio. Whence it may be gathered, that the number of Hampshire churches in the Conqueror's time, bearing much the ratio to the number of the churches in and about the New Forest, which the population of Hampshire in the Confessor's time did to the population of the Ytene, any argument adducing the small number of forest churches in support of the popular tradition, might just as fitly be brought forward to prove that other parts of Hampshire had been laid waste by the Conqueror. It seems, on the very face of it, a preposterous notion, that in a part of the country almost wholly ignored in the pre-Conquest records of land grants, and whereof we find none or very few notices of pre-Conquest churches, there should suddenly start up some score or more churches to be pulled down by the Conqueror. It has also been maintained, that the recurrence of the prefix Church to many names of places within the Forest, is evidence that, on the sites so distin guished, there once stood some of the churches which the Conqueror is said to have destroyed. To which argument the chief answer is, that if it proves anything, it proves too much. If Church Place tells us of the site of a church in the eleventh century, Castle Place must tell us of the site of a castle after the afforestation of the country, before which time castles in England can hardly be said to have existed. Now, the existence of the supposed castles being wholly inconsistent with all we know about the early history of the Forest, we come to the conclusion, that the prefix Castle has been given by the popular voice to places wherein appeared vestiges of embankments and the like, and, in something of the same way, we account for the prefix Church, in which conclusion we are strengthened, as we find that, throughout Hampshire, the common tale explains almost every vestige of ancient habitation in places now unoccupied by buildings, as the relics of some mythical church, or as the country-side legend not unseldom phrases it, that "the Romans had a church there." What, then, was the afforestation in 1079, of which the chroniclers so bitterly complain? Mainly, if not entirely, the grievance lay in the subjection of the old Weald of the Jutes (or Giants), the Jettenwald, or Eotanweald, and its inhabitants THE NEW FOREST. 23 to the severities of the stringent forest laws.1 The woodland and heath, the waste The real griev- and the wild, remained pretty much what they had been. The Weald was still New Forest. interspersed with farms and homesteads ; the ancient denizens of the Ytene remained for the most part in their old settlements ; but the free waste had become a royal forest, and the Englishman, a hunter by blood and breed, could not endure the new system under which he found himself placed. " A forest is a certaine territorie of wooddy grounds and fruitfull pastures, prive- Definition of a ledged for wild beasts and foules of forest, chase and warren, to rest and abide in, in the safe protection of the king," &c. &c. Such is the definition of a forest. As to its laws, the thirty-ninth of the articles insisted upon by the Magna Charta barons — Reform of which demanded that the evil customs of the forest prave consuetudines deforestis et st de forestariis et warenniis et vice comitibus et rivariis should be emended by twelve knights chosen in each county by the freeholders of the shire, — and the very important forest charter of February 11, 1224 — which disafforested the lands thrown into forest by kings Richard I. and John, confirmed to prelates, lords, and knights, the free woods within the royal forests, which they had held in the time of Henry II., esta blished swainmotes to be held thrice yearly, the chief a fortnight before Michaelmas for agistment, another at Martinmas, to be attended by foresters, verderors, and agistors, for pannage, and a third a fortnight before Midsummer, to be attended by foresters and verderors only, regulated the courts of attachment, and put into order the capricious customs and laws of the old system, — both of them bear sufficient witness to the reality of the grievances which forest law had brought upon the people. In sum, it appears that the Conqueror took the large district of waste ground Real wrong which he found in south-west Hampshire, and declared it to be forest. That such conqueror.6 afforestation must have interfered with the rights of the landholders and inhabitants in that district is certain. Equally certain is it that those landholders and inhabitants were but few in number, and their settlements small and insignificant. But the very extension of the forest law to that part of the country was in itself a grievance, of which the statement only required to be rolled in grandiloquent phrases by a few chroniclers in succession, who detested the second William, and his father for his sake, to take rank as a record of the great oppression of the day. Churchmen and peasants were glad enough to believe and report anything bad of the Norman princes, who spoke not the English tongue, loved not the English race, esteemed not the English Church, and cherished not the English customs (vol. ii. p. 96). It seems, then, pretty clear what was the real fact which the chroniclers have enlarged upon. The proclamation of martial law in a country might as well be called (1) Of that forest law and its pleas (de placitis fores- arci et jaculorum in Foresta, de misera canum expe- tarum) it was said, " Placitum quoque Forestarum mul- ditatione. Si quis ad Stabilitatem non venit. Si quis tiplici satis est incommoditate vallatum, de assarlis, de pecuniam suam reclusam dimiserit de oedificiis in Foresta, cttsione, de combustione, de venatione, de gestatione $"c. 24 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. ravaging it by fire and sword, as the afforestation of the Ytene be supposed to mean the laying waste a large and cultivated part of Hampshire. We now go on with the further history of the New Forest. Convenience of Under Maud and Stephen, men were too busily engaged in marauding, and temp °Mat.nand fortifying their castles, for us to have much record of the history of the New Forest steph. m those days. The woodlands and wilds of Hampshire afforded admirable covert then and afterwards for broken men who fled from the law, and wilful men who defied it. In 1155 we find Walter Waleran accounting for £25 due to the king on account of the New Forest. He had paid to the Canons of Salisbury as their settled tithes 50s., had spent on the works at the king's house of Clarendon 10s., and had given the warden of the Clarendon house 30s. 5d. The balance, £20 10s., he paid into the treasury. For pannage he had received 42s. 9d., all which he had paid over to the charge of the works of the king's house at Clarendon. The forests are Amongst other encroachments upon his subjects' liberties by. Henry II. was reckoned his extension of the limits of his forests. Kings Richard 1. and John followed their father's example in making the forest and the forest law one of the standing oppressions of the day. It appears that William de Nevill was in charge of the forest at the end of King John's reign; for we find an order issued January 7, 1216, to him and the other foresters in fee of the New Forest, commanding them to pay all the king's dues to William Briwer. William Briwer Tne said William Briwer had many privileges in the New Forest. On July 3, has great lib- 1219, the bailiffs of the Forest were ordered to let his dogs chase bucks in the Forest erty of venison . . . in the Forest, up to Michaelmas. On August 9 a further leave was given for his dogs to chase anything in the Forest, provided neither bow nor greyhound were used. Again, on August 18, 1221, an order was given to John of Monmouth, or his bailiffs of the New Forest, to give, for that season, liberty of chase to the dogs of William Briwer. Again, in 1222, July 8, his dogs were privileged to run after bucks in the New Forest. An order of July 30, 1223, allows William Briwer to use in the New Forest his buckhounds (canes damericos currentes), provided he used neither bow nor greyhound (leporarium). We are thus brought into the reign of Henry III. A Forest charter was granted November 6, 1217, and a perambulation of Forest bounds ordered by writ of July 24, 1218. On April 11, 1219, we find the Sheriff of Hants summoning William de Nevill to appear in pursuit of his claim to the custody of the New Forest against John de Monmouth. The Forest We have seen that the tithes of the Forest were assigned to the Canons of Salisbury.1 On January 25, 1221, an order was given for the Bishop of Salisbury to (1) In 1165 the king gave to Salisbury Minster by lands, tithes, &c, omnibus ei adjacentibus, and ad com- charter the church of Odiham with its churches, chapels, munem canonicorum Sarum ecclesice, all the tithes of the tunes. THE NEW FOREST. 25 receive £7 10s. for three years' arrears of the tithes due to Salisbury Cathedral. The The Forest order also gave him £4 10s. for three years' arrears of dairy tithe (de censu vaccariaruni), and 9s. for three years' arrears of tithe de censu buccarum. On July 14, 1223, an order was given for the Bishop of Salisbury to receive five Venison for the bucks from the New Forest. A like order for eight bucks was given, September 15, u^/of Saiis- 1226. Again, September 3, 1224, the bailiffs of the New Forest were ordered to let ^J- the bishop have from the Forest of Clarendon four bucks against the feast of the Blessed Virgin's Nativity. The bailiffs were, June 24, 1221, charged to let the king's uncle, William, Earl of Salisbury, have ten harts and twenty bucks from the New Forest. At the same time William Briwer was charged to let the earl have five harts from the forest within his bailiwick. So on June 26, 1222, John of Monmouth and his bailiffs were ordered to give the earl three harts from the New Forest. Again, June 3, 1224, Hugh de Nevill was ordered to allow William, Earl of Salisbury, to take in the New Forest six harts and twelve bucks. On September 8, 1227, John of Monmouth and his bailiffs were ordered to let Ela, Countess of Salisbury, have one buck for the marriage feast of Mary, her daughter by the late Earl William. In 1222 the king set up a new dairy in the Forest, as we find from (on June 10) The king's new his ordering £16 to be paid to John of Monmouth for buying cows ad vaccarias nostras de Nova Foresta instaurandas. On April 26, 1223, John of Monmouth was ordered to give Falk de Breaute fifteen oaks wherewith to make a mill in the Isle of Wight. On August 1, 1223, an order was issued to the Sheriff of Hants to send to Timber cut for Porchester, from the forests of Which Engelard de Cygony was warden, quinquaginta cleias (vol. ii. p. 183), hurdles, or wattling, for ship fittings, each measuring seven feet by five, made of oaken spray and loppings and underwood, de branchura et esmundura quercum et subbosco. The bailiwick of Porchester Forest, and those of William Briwer, John de Venuz, and John of Monmouth, were each to furnish three hundred cleias; and from the New Forest, moreover, were to be supplied sixty pontes de branchura. We now come to the important year in which the forests of England were definitely settled. The provisions of the great Charta de Foresta granted at West- The great minster Tuesday, February 11, 1224-5, ratified Wednesday, January 28, 1236-7, f^lta^ confirmed October 12, 1297, and Sunday, March 8, 1298-9, sanctioned by bull of Innocent IV. September 30, 1253, as well as by the excommunication denounced New Forest, Pancet, Buccolt, Andover, and Hurstbourn. tithes bestowed upon them by Croc the huntsman. The The said charter confirmed to the canons the manor of charter was witnessed by Earl Patrick, Manasser Bisset the Horton; which Agnes, the wife of Hubert de Rise, and dapifer, and Warin Fitz Gerald, the chamberlain, father her son Henry, had given them, and i'10 in lands and of Margaret, wife to Baldwin, seventh Earl of Devon. VOL. III. E 26 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Provisions of the great Forest Charter Rights of the freeholders maintained. The rights of e forester in fee. Tuesday, May 13, 1253, by Archbishop Boniface and thirteen other bishops, against all violators of the charter, are far too many and minute to be here detailed. Suffice it to say that the charter regulated the duty of the regarders, the expeditation1 of dogs, and other like matters, established the rights belonging to private woods within the forest, and particularly those of way through the king's demesne, for hogs driven to the woods for agistment,5 abolished all punishments of life and limb for forest offences, substituting in the stead thereof a money mulct, or, that failing, imprisonment for a year and a day, with liberty of release at the end of the term, on condition of the offender finding pledges and swearing to leave England ; and gave a free pardon to all men outlawed for forest offences in the days of Kings Richard and John, provided they could give safe pledges that they would not again do the king's forest any wrong. Some other provisions of the charter may be noted — as, for example, the right conceded, or confirmed, to lords of parliament of taking one or two beasts of forest on their way to and fro the place of holding the king's great council. Liberty was given to every freeholder within the forest of building what he chose upon and doing what he pleased with his land, provided he thereby did no hurt to his neighbour. He might also keep in his woods nests, or eyries, of sparrow-hawks, eagles, falcons, hawks, and hernshaws. No constable, castellan, or other than the appointed forester should have forest pleas of vert or venison. The forester in fee, would present the pleas to the verderors, and they would enrol, seal, and present them to the chief forester when next he came to hold his court of the forest. There was an important distinction made between the ordinary forester and the forester in fee. The first could demand no cheminage, or toll, from those who passed along the forest paths and ways. The forester in fee, who held his bailiwick by a certain rent paid to the king, was entitled to 2d. half yearly from every cart, and a halfpenny half yearly from every packhorse employed by persons not living within his bailiwick in their trade of buying, or otherwise by his leave obtaining within his bailiwick, for sale elsewhere brushwood, timber, bark, or charcoal. But he might not demand even that cheminage, except in places where prescription had established his customary right to the toll. No other cheminage might be taken from cart or pack- horse, and none might be demanded from foot carriers of loads. That important charter was attested by many Hampshire landowners, as, for example, the abbots of Reading and Hyde, Earls Gilbert de Clare, and William de Mandeville, William Briwer, Peter and Matthew Fitz Herbert, John of Monmouth, (1) The expeditation or laming consisted in cutting off three toes of the fore foot. It took the place of the older hambling or hocking. A court for the expeditation of dogs was held by the verderors once in three years. Only mastives were subject to the operation, small dogs being exempt, and no hunting dogs of any kind being allowed within the forest, except by special grant. (2) Agistment or the regulation of pasturage and pan nage was a fruitful source of dispute between the com moners and officers of the forest. The agistor's functions were very much those of a modern hayward. Agistment in private woods within the forest, was to be so ordered, that the king's demesne land and his deer should take no hurt therefrom. THE NEW FOREST. 27 John Fitz Alan, Hugh de Mortimer, Walter de Beauchamp, William de St. John, Brian de l'Isle, and William Maudit. In consequence of the proceedings of 1225 we find, on September 27, 1226, the Forest claims Abbot of Hyde, Prior of Winchester, Abbess of Romsey, with other abbots and examine • abbesses, and William de St. John, summoned to appear a fortnight after Michael mas, and show the charters by which they claimed sundry liberties, with, rights of vert and venison, &c, in the forest and in the places disforested (the purlieus, in fact) by the perambulators. At the same time William Briwer for the bailiwick of Bere Forest, and John of Monmouth for the New Forest, were monished to prove their titles to the liberties which they claimed in their respective forests. John's claim was by the courtesy and founded upon charters of liberties and custody of the Forest granted to his wife's ancestors. In further pursuance of the proceedings of 1225, we find an order issued February 8, 1227, to the Sheriff of Hants, by which all foresters, perambulators of the Forest, &c, were summoned to appear at Oxford the Monday after St. Gregory's Day, there to produce their warrants, and show what and how much of the country had been disforested. On August 18, 1227, the bailiffs of John of Monmouth were ordered to let Master Hubert de Guy, the king's huntsman, with his stag-hounds cervericiis, and John le Fol and John virion i,^ le Berner,1 huntsmen to Hubert de Burgh, with their stag and buck hounds, cervericiis Forest. et damericiis, take thirty harts and as many bucks. The three huntsmen might carry one bow apiece. The effect of the mitigation in the rigour of forest law is seen in the order, given Forest crimes September 8, 1227, allowing William Sazmuket, then in prison at Winchester on ounces. suspicion of having killed a fawn, faone, in the New Forest (he and the dead fawn having been found together) to be replevied, or let out on safe bail, until the justices of the forest should hold their court. We find particular notice of the Forest pleas held 1244. In 1247 the wardenry of the New Forest was restored to John of Monmouth as his right by inheritance. Thirty years later, we come to the establishment of the Assisa et Consuetudines Assize and cus- toms of the ForestCB. Forest. We now come to a very important perambulation of the Forest, the record of (1) It would appear that originally the bernarii, or the king's SerKariw*, the city coroner claiming the right of berners, were those who paid the brenage (brenagium) holding an inquest on the body, and the abbot asserting that for the maintenance of the lord's houuds. Afterwards the abbey and its court within the precincts of which the the word rather signified' the actual feeders or those in said body lay, belonged to his hundred of Micheldever. charge of the dogs. So there were yeomen veatres and The abbot gained his point, admitting W. de Sutton, the yeomen berners among the king's servants. We find in the county coroner, through the postern leading to Abbot's time of Edward I. a contest between the city of Winchester Barton, in Micheldever hundred. From the official came and the monks of Hyde, on the occasion of the death of the hereditary surname of Bernes or Barnes. e2 28 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE, The Forest bounds at the end of the thirteenth cen tury. Further peram bulation. Forest "towns" temp. Edward III. which was entered in the Court of Forest Pleas, held at Winchester on the morrow of St. Hilary's Day, 1280. The perambulators of 1280 laid down the limits of the forest very precisely. From Cadnam Forest, where now stands Cadnam Bridge, the line ran along to the Blackwater, or Selney Stream, as it was then called^ thence by Ower Bridge and Wade along the stream to the Old Bury, thence to Redbridge by the Test, thence along the coast to Calshot (Calchesora), and so by Hurst to Christ church Bridge, thence northwards along the Avon to Fordingbridge, and after following and here and there crossing the Avon, in its turn reaches eastward past Bramshaw to Cadnam.1 Closely upon the confirmation by Edward I. of Henry's Forest Charter came its necessary supplement, another perambulation of the forests, at which, according to Act of Parliament and the king's writ, three knights in each forest county defined the limits of the forests. The perambulations were made between May 10 and September 26, in the year 1300. Upon the returns then made, accepted by the parliament and confirmed by royal letters patent January and February, 1300-1, all later discussion of the New Forest its liberties and government has been based. In that perambulation of 1300, held before John de Romsey, deputy justice of the forest, John Randolph, seneschal, Gilbert Teyes, John de Cauz, and William de Buttesthorne, verderors, we have the bounds laid down as they had existed before the time of Henry II. They differ so little from those afterwards given in 1670 as the limits of the Forest that it is unnecessary here to recite them. Five years later came the Qrdinatio Foresta. In 1329 Edward III. confirmed the Great Forest Charter, and next year an itineration of the Hampshire forests was held. In the fourteenth century, the towns or tithings reckoned within the Forest were Lyndhurst, Berkele, Ippele, Botesash, Hardele, Holebury, Langley, Ekeresbury, Leepe, Badesle, Werebourne, Pylyle, Batramsle, Wodyton, Brockenhurst, Broukley, Lynwode, Godeshulle, Frytham, Cantertone, Mynstede. Without the Forest were Boldre, Hordhull, Avene, Ibbesley, Hale, Muleford, Hynton, Byketon, Ellingham, and Stykerton.2 vede, Ringwood; Bovre, Linhest, Sueia (Sway), and Andret (?) ; Fording ebndge, Slacham, Ivare, Bedestre, Brumore (Breamore), Borgate, Bichetone, Bedecote, Rocheford (Allen's Ford?), Tibeslei, Gerlei (Goreley)> Adelingeham (Ellingham), and Canterton (?) ; Sirlei, Avere, Ripley, Sopley ; Brocton, Welene (Wellow) ; Rodedic, Middletune (Milton) and Ernemude (Key- haven?). In 1662 the Forest towns were Exbury and Leape, Butsash and Hardley, Baddisley, Holbury, Pilley and Warborne, Battramsley and Wotton, Brockenhurst and Brookley, Burley, Minsted, Barkley Regis and London Minstead, Godsbill and Linwood, Canterton and Fritham, Lyndhurst. From all of them, except Holbury and Min sted, appeared at the court free tenants of the Forest. (1) The limits of the New Forest were then much what they had been two hundred years before, when it was bounded by the Southampton Water, the Solent, Christchurch, the Avon, a line drawn from the Avon, just west of Harbridge ; thence through Burgate and Breamore into Wiltshire, and re-entering our county by Bramshaw ; thence running north of Tachbury, through Eling, by Dibden, to the Southampton Water. (2) The Forest manors which in 1084 had been wholly or in part afforested, have already been enumerated (p.. 20). The non-Forest manors, of which parts had been , afforested, were in Redbrige hundred:— Staneude (Stanwood), belonging in part to the Isle of Wight, though locally on the mainland of Hampshire and Eling ; in Egeile — Thuinam (Christchurch) and Holeest ; Rinc- THE NEW FOREST. 29 Another important itineration was held in 1356. In 1371, Henry Dolynge was appointed ranger, rangeator, of the New Forest, dum Rangers and se bene gesserit. Three years afterwards, John London was appointed as ranger, and waidens- to hold office at the king's pleasure.1 A grant was, 1441, given to William de la Pole, Earl of Sussex, and his wife Alicia, to hold the wardenry of the New Forest for life. With the increasing demand of timber for ship-building, and the yearly lessening supply of the material, there came the necessity of looking to the New Forest rather as a nursery of trees than as a large hunting-ground. Moreover, as rule and order became general throughout England, the wild life of The Forest the squatters and outlaws of the Forest was felt to be an intolerable nuisance, anachronism. Smuggler, deer-stealer, timber-destroyer, and every kind of reckless and lawless vagabond, found shelter amongst the squatters and charcoal burners of the New Forest, and forest rights were a general pretext for every kind of wrong doing. In 1584, John Tavener, the queen's surveyor, complained of great injury done to her grace by trespassers, and infringements on the privileges of the Forest, com mitted by the rangers, foresters, and others. The Lord Warden was thereupon ordered The Lord to throw back into the Forest four hundred acres, which had been enclosed on pre- WardeuinfauIt- tence of making saltpetre works, was restricted to fifty loads of lop wood for firing, to be consumed in his own place within the Forest, and was allowed of the trees standing in the Old Park, sold by Lord Arundel to Sir Edward Horsey, for all of which he had asked, only such a number as might suffice for building the lodge in the New Park.2 The Warden complained that two manors, held by his predecessors for the main- His claims and tenance of the keepers, had been taken from them, and made large demands in comp amts' compensation for that loss. For the keepers he claimed the windfall wood, rootfall trees, and inbowes, with their ancient payment of 26s. 8d. yearly a-piece, and reasonable fuel for their lodges ; and for the riding forester, and each of the two rangers, nine loads of wood from every bailiwick. Instead of which, it was ordered that each keeper should have his yearly wages doubled, and be entitled to receive from the woodward twelve loads of wood for firing, wholly to be spent in his lodge, and that he might take for his own use the windfall branches, but not uprooted trees,' within his walk, " and inbowes also only so much thereof as the bees do light on, and (1) The New Forest has rangers in consideration of purlieus worth 40*. by the year; but, in 1 James I., was its purlieus. A ranger is no officer in, though he is a restricted to the eldest sons of esquires, the sons of chief officer of the forest, his business being to chase knights, barons, and men of higher degree ; holders of hack the deer which stray into the purlieus, and to pre- lands of inheritance worth £10, or lands of freehold vent certain offences against the venison within the said worth £30 by the year, and men worth £200 in goods. purlieus committed. Qualified freeholders of the purlieus (2) The New Park, originally a kind of pound to which may keep greyhounds, and use them for chase within and were sent waifs and strays, was enclosed, 1670, for the out of their purlieus. The right by statute, 13 Richard II., preservation "of some deer sent from France. It was belonged to all freeholders of lands or woods within the afterwards leased to Lord Bedford. 30 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. the honey that shall be found in the tree, but not to cut any main bough or tree itself by colour thereof." Allowances It was further ordered, that the two rangers should receive each £4, and the made to the ri and others bearing well-known Hampshire names. Richard Birt or Burt, gentleman, was seneschal or steward of the manor of New Lymington, in which capacity we find him holding a law court or view of frank pledge, in court-baron of Charles Bulkeley, Esq., October 13, 1730; Paul Burrard then being mayor, and Clement Ghost and Charles Lyne, measurers ; upon which occasion Lord Nassau Powlett was chosen mayor the following year. In the constable's return of the 168 inhabitants and commorants of the manor of the borough of Lymington, summoned to appear at the court-leet of April 24, 1730, Henry Bower, Esq., is the only name to which an addition of worship is appended. Among the other names we find Joseph Banister, James Curte, James Rolfe, James Ratsey, Tarver, Stent, Kneller, and others of common note in Hampshire. Some curious entries occur among the presentments of the king's jury at the court-leet and law day of Friday, October 23, 1730, James Birt being foreman. Henry Goodby, the scavenger, is charged to suffer no dung to lie in the street above a week, the hayward is to pound all hogs roaming about loose ; the bridge is to be repaired ; the free, lease, and copyhold, tenants of the manor are to be fined each Ad., and ordinary residents, and commorants of the borough, 2o?. each, for non-appearance at the leet ; the fire-bell is to be put up, and so forth. The record of proceedings is signed by, amongst others, Joseph Bernard, Peter Cleaves, William Beeston, James Newell, William By, Joseph Elford, Obadiah Newell (constable), Francis Draggett, Samuel Colborne, constable, who had all been so well brought up that they could write their names ; whereas, Ralph Dore, another of the signers, did not use to write his name but had a mark to himself, like an honest, plain dealing man. The Mayor of Lymington was, in those days, sworn into office by the steward of the manor, at court-leet. The silver seal of the town, now extant, dates from 1669 ; it cost the corpora tion £1 15s. THE NEW FOREST. 53 The dispute between Southampton and Lymington about their customs has already End of Lym- . i a ington quarrels been discussed. It only remains to mention that the rights of Southampton — esta- with South- blished, when in 1329, Geoffrey Scurlag, William Culhout, and eighteen others were ami,ton- fined £200 for unlawfully taking customs, especially upon the Thursday after Sep tember 8, 1323 ; 40s. from La Johette, and the Monday after, September 1, 1323, 100s. from La Portejoie (in the trial of the case, September, 1324, the Lymington men were acquitted of the charge of assaulting the Southampton customer, though fined as already stated for unlawfully taking custom) — were lost in 1730, when by skilful management, the Lymington men got the question referred to a jury of their own neighbours. A composition in the matter of dues and customs was, April 5, 1508, entered into between Lymington and Southampton, by which agreement certain duties were reserved to Southampton, and all others conceded to Lymington. For Lymington the parties to the agreement were Sir Hugh Conweye, lord of the manor, Robert Mailer, mayor, and Richard Kent, bailiff. By the earlier composition of 1329 Lymington had agreed to pay a fixed annual farm rent for certain privileges of which Southampton on that consideration gave up. The relations between Lymington and Southampton were the subject of pro ceedings in Parliament, February 10, 1706. There arose another quarrel between Southampton and Lymington in 1714, on occasion of an action being brought against Roger Beere, a Lymington burgess, touching certain petty customs dues claimed by the Southampton men. Notwithstanding the occasional disputes between the town of Southampton and Lymington en- Lymington they appear on the whole to have been on tolerably neighbourly terms, ampton. Thus we find Lymington, in 1587 sending birds to the Mayor of Southampton at a cost of 2s. 4a?. In the last century the mayors of Southampton were, it would seem, in the habit of courteously asking the leave of the Lymington burgesses before exercising admiralty rights within their borough. Thus in August, 1717, John Knapton, Southampton town clerk (vol. ii. p. 326), brought a message from Arthur Atherley, the mayor, asking leave to put up a booth on Lymington quay, for holding a court of admiralty, and further leave to carry the Southampton silver oar (vol. ii. p. 353) upright through the town. In 1756 they made a like request, asking further for leave to have their trumpeter go before them. On both occasions the Lymington men gave the desired leave. George West, Mayor of Southampton in 1756, made the ceremony more agreeable by asking the Mayor of Lymington to dine with him at the Angel at two o'clock. Lymington is only a chapelry to Boldre, and went with the gift to Christchurch of Boldre church and Brockenhurst chapel, made by Baldwin de Redvers, the grand father, and confirmed by Baldwin, the grandson. Lymington church is built mainly in the style of the fifteenth century. Within Lymington it is utterly void of interest. Two side galleries, and one big front gallery hung 54 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE, round with notices of benefactions to the poor, and memorial tablets all over the church, none of them ancient, stare us in the face. All but the chancel has been modernised into vulgarity. The tower of the church is simple ugliness. Like so many of the Hampshire cL. ^es which we have noticed, that of Lymington is now being restored. The easternmost part of the chancel will be paved with encaustic tiles, and a new painted window introduced. Old Lymington The ancient chapel of Lymington stood, it would seem, a good deal to the north- chape1' east of its present representative. This appears from the charter which speaks of the old borough of Lymington, made by Baldwin de Rivers, lying north and west of Lymington church. Fromond's Lymington church was one of those to which the pious John Fromond, son to benefactions to j^,]^ Fromond, from whom he inherited his lands and tenements at Sparsholt, Lymington and ? other churches. Stockbridge, and Sombourne, left a gift by his will, of November 14, 1420. To the maintenance of the fabrics of certain churches within the Forest and on its borders he left as follows— Eling 20s., Dibden 40s., Lymington 6s. 8a?., Milford 6s. 8o?., Milton 40s., Sopley 13 s. Ad. Among his other legacies were — the vicars of Eling, Milford, and Sopley, each 40a?.; his poor tenants at Dibden 26s. 8a?., at Milford 13s. Ad., at Milton 40s., at Sopley 13s. Ad. ; the Chaplain of Milton 2s. ; the parish clerks of Milton and Sopley, each 12a7. ; for the fabric of Christchurch Bridge 6s. 8a?. ; and the Prior, Convent, and Vicar of Christchurch, 6s. 8a?. In 1328 a chantry was founded at Lymington. Chantry grants Records of certain grants — one of 20s. yearly, made 1524, to the churchwardens of Lymington and Brockenhurst for the souls of the Walewayns, ancestors collaterally of the present Lord Shaftesbury ; another of Bonedown (or Holmes Mead), dated 1464, providing for a yearly requiem mass in Lymington church — are still extant. Sir Peter Mews, of Hinton Admiral, nephew to two bishops of Winchester, Mews and Trelawney, left by will of April 22, 1725, £200 for a land endowment, in four equal parts, of the curacies of Holdenhurst, Milton, Lymington, and a new chapel at Hinton, for the building of which he left £300. Lymington The specialty of Lymington in days gone by was its salt trade. We find, in 1147, Richard de Rivers confirming to the church and brethren of St. Mary at Quarr the grant which his father, Baldwin, had in 1147 made to them of the tithe of the Lymington salterns, and also the tithe granted by Robert de With- vill of his saltern. The witnesses to the said charter were Godfrey de Walrill, Robert de Withvill, Peverel de Argentuin, Robert Mascherell, William de Helin, and Richard de Argentyn. The trade in its One hundred years ago, and Lymington was paying £50,000 yearly on its salt- prospenty. workSj s0 great then was its trade. Even at the beginning of this century the Lymington salt trade stood only second to that of Liverpool. We find at that time, in the yearly returns of the number of bushels carried coastwise, Liverpool contri buting 165,985 bushels (rock salt, of course), Southampton 4,754, Lymington V - - . ,\ \\ 1=3 THE NEW FOREST. 55 149,839, Portsmouth1 36,451, and Cowes 13,280. The salt-works, some 183 in number, were mostly confined to the three oounties of Cheshire, Worcestershire, and Hants, the refineries for rock salt being some twenty-three in number. Rock salt, being so much purer than that obtained from sea water or the brine of DecUue and fall ii. m- of Lymington salt-springs, has gradually almost driven sea-made salt out of the market. Thus, salt trade. comparing the salt returns of half a century back with those just quoted, we trace the gradual decline of the salterns. One salt factory at Lymington turned out still its 3,000 tons of salt yearly; but Liverpool sent coastwise some 54,654 bushels of rock, and 1,334,545 of white salt, in the year.2 Analysis shows that the per-centage of chloride of sodium in Lymington salt Comparison of ranges from 93#7 to 98-8, whereas Cheshire stored and Chateau de Salins salt are maie sait " estimated to contain 97-82 and 98-25 per cent, of the pure chloride. The composition of the sea water in the Solent will be stated elsewhere in this work. Upon the average, 100 lbs. of open-sea water is reckoned to yield nearly 3£ lbs. of saline matter. In water taken from the German Ocean, the specific gravity being 1*028, evaporation reduces 100 lbs. of liquid to 3-76 of solid matter, chloride of sodium being 2-66, chloride (and a trace of bromide) of magnesium 0*51, sulphate of soda 0-46, chloride of calcium 0*12, with traces of iodide of potassium, silica, &c. Of course, as the proper accompaniments of salterns, there were " chemical works " " Chemical works " at Lymington. From sea salt, treated with hot sulphuric acid, you obtain sulphate of soda ; and from the sulphate, heated by coal, and supplied with lime, you get the carbonate. Then from impure carbonate of soda iodine may be obtained. The navigation of the Lymington river, which for centuries has been silting up, was further impeded in 1731 by the dam, causeway, and bridge thrown across it by Captain William Cross.3 It is proposed to make docks, wharves, and warehouses, at Lymington, with the Lymington hope of raising the town to the commercial importance which its position on the coast is supposed to render attainable. This, it is hoped, will be effected through the provisions of the Lymington Harbour and Dock Act of 1864, and a new Bill for river improvements and land reclamation works within the parish of Boldre. In which case wild duck shooting will not much longer be got off Yarmouth and Lymington. (1) A Portsmouth man, Dr. Lind, was the inventor of (3) We have already (vol. ii. p. 316) noticed the grant the purifying distillation process. to Mary and Margaret, daughters of Robert Pamplyn, (2) The returns of the coasting salt trade for the three under which Captain Cross maintained his cause in the years ending January 5, 181.6, 1817, and 1818, gives this suit brought against him by the town. Mary Wandes- result: — ford, in 1661, gave James Studley a lease of the salt works at Lymington. Robert Pamplvn was admitted CoweTr. . White salt "e "o " burgess of Lymington 1593, and chosen mayor in 1609. fRock salt 54,654 73.160 155.278 I have not been able to find much about the Hampshire 1815. 18L6. 1817. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. 586 640 600 54,654 73.160 155.278 1,334,545 963,077 1,295,450 9,160 10,440 12,870 none none 116 1,040 1,080 none 46,493 39,365 43,857 Liverpool Wlntesalt ,.«^« ,^m 1,29|450 pamp]ynSj but X fancy they were an offshoot from the Portsmoutn j Rock saIt none none 116 better known family of that name which was settled in Southampton . . . 1,040 1,080 none . , . Lymington . . 46,493 39,365 43,857 Norfolk and Cambridgeshire. 56 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Lymingtonschool. The school- house. The market cross. The Viscounty of Lymington. Lymington residents. Yacht-building, in the yards of Mr. Inman, flourishes at Lymington. The first of the Lymington Inmans was originally a Hastings shipwright. The school founded, June 20, 1668, by George Fulford for the training of youths " in learning, and the true Protestant religion, and more especially the knowledge of Latin, Greek, writing, arithmetic, and good life," was at first held in " a new erected building, standing upon eighteen stone pillars, and situate in the middle of the High Street," granted by the mayor and burgesses of Lymington, March 25, 1689. The only charge thrown upon the schoolmasters, by the foundation deed, was that of repairing the glass windows. There is an apparent discrepancy between the statement that the school was held in a new erected building, and the inference drawn from the corporation records that the old town-hall acquired from Juliana Tevant, in 1464, at the yearly rent of half a noble to be given to the poor, was, in 1688, turned into a school-house, under the Fulford charity — that in 1780 it was pulled down, and its materials used for repairing the quay, which left the school houseless — and that the new town-hall and corn- market (pulled down seven years ago) was built, 1684, at a cost of £220, toward the defrayment of which John Button left £100, Henry Tulse gave £10, Thomas Bulkeley £15, Richard Holt £10, and Daniel Blake for the wainscoting £30. Perhaps the school was at first held in the " new erected building," but almost immediately afterwards transferred to the older town-hall. The market cross, west of the new town-hall, near which, till June 1783, stood the butcher's shambles, was built in 1639, and taken down some seven and thirty years ago. The family to which Lymington gives a second title has already been noticed in this history, and must be further noticed in connection with Farley, which to it owes its surname of Wallop. Suffice it here to note, that Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, Sir Henry Wallop, at whose house Queen Elizabeth was a guest eight years before his death, sat in parliament for Lymington in 1597 ; and that the fifth in descent from him, great-grandson to the Squire Wallop, whose degradation Pepys records in his Diary, was made Viscount Lymington in 1720. We find the Fettiplace family holding land at Lymington, as appears from a suit in the time of Elizabeth, brought by Richard Lewys, alias Johnson, against Francis Phetiplace, for obtaining the title-deeds of lands held by him in fee simple, or fee- tail, within the parishes of Lymington and Fordingbridge. Amongst residents at Lymington of some note in the last century was Jeremiah Meyler, who died October 24, 1792, father to the notorious Richard Meyler, then of Grove Place, and afterwards of Crawley. Of royal visits to the town, that of George III., his wife, and three daughters, made June 27, 1789, may be mentioned. Frederick, Prince of Wales, had been admitted to the freedom of Lymington, August 25, 1750, and the Duke of York, August 21, 1760. THE NEW FOREST. 57 Before leaving Lymington I must acknowledge the great obligations I have, in this history, been under to the interesting unpublished book of notices compiled by the late Mr. St. Barbe, and privately printed after his death. St. Barbe of St. Barbe of Lymington now represents the ancient and worshipful house of Ashington. The untitled Hampshire branch of the family was, or rather is, descended from William (youngest son to Richard St. Barbe, of Ashington),1 whose grandson, Edward, married Anne Kingswell, of Hampshire. His son George settled at Ridgeway, and for three generations we find the family at Bittern, Hamble, and thereabouts. George's great-grandson was the historian of Lymington. Making our way from the part of the town represented in the accompanying engraving down the steepish High Street, and then turning to the left, we go onwards towards the railway station and Lymington bridge. From the river side of Lymington we have a pretty view of the picturesque low lying further shore, with Walhampton in the background ; the obelisk, in honour of Walhampton Sir Harry Burrard Neale, being the most conspicuous object in sight. Within the modern parliamentary borough of Lymington, but in the parish of Boldre, stands Walhampton, at one time reckoned among the possessions of the Christchurch canons. Possibly it may be identified with the manor of Wallington, within which King John, Nov. 25, 1204, ordered the Sheriff of Hants to let William Aguillon have land worth 100s., reserving to the king the corn and stock found thereupon. Another order, touching the same grant of land, was made in 1216. Free warren at Walhampton, Hurn, La Grave, La Bradefield, Hinton (Admiral), Apre, &c, was given to the canons of Christchurch by charter of 1284. In 1343 confirmation was given to the Abbot of Brockland (?) of the manors of Brockland, Bykeley, Walhampton, and others, which had belonged to Elizabeth (Isabella ?) de Fortibus, Countess of Albemarle and Devon and Lady of the Isle of Wight, and to her mother Amicia. At the dissolution of the priory, Walhampton manor, the farm of which was worth to the canons £8 yearly, was granted to Thomas Wriothesley ; from the Wriothesleys it passed by his marriage with Mary, daughter of Henry, Earl of Southampton, to the first Lord Arundel of Wardour. In the time of Charles II., Francis Hanbury, gentleman, younger son to Thomas Hanbury of Buriton, held the manor of Walhampton. It now belongs to the old and honourable house of Burrard, a family long connected with Walhampton, and The Burrards. longer yet with Lymington, of which George Burrard, the first apparently of that name, mentioned in the records of the borough, was mayor in 1574. Thomas Burrard, of Walhampton, who flourished in the middle of the seventeenth century, married Elizabeth, one of the old Isham family. Their son John was married first (1) To William St. Barbe, Henry VIII. left by will Hobby and Sir Maurice Berkeley he left each two hundred £100. He left as much to Richard Cooke, £200 to Sir marks. All which legatees were more or less connected Thomas Davey, as much to Ralph Sadler. To Sir Philip with our county. VOL. III. I 58 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The Burrard baronets. The king at Walhampton. Sharprick. South Bad desley chapel. The Hospital lers of Bad desley to Elizabeth Button,1 and secondly to Alicia, daughter of the strangely remarkable Lord Herbert of Cherbury.3 The youngest son Paul, ancestor of the Burrard baronets, was married to Anne Button. Paul Burrard, by his wife Lucy Colt (vol. ii. p. 117), had three sons, Harry, William, and George. Harry was given a baronetcy in 1769, with remainder to his brothers William and George and their descendants. That baronetcy passed to the sons of George, two of whom, Sir Harry Burrard Neale and Sir George Burrard, whose second wife was a daughter of Admiral Joseph Bingham, held it in succession. At Sir George's death it passed to his son by his first wife, the present Sir George. Meanwhile another patent of baronetcy had in 1807 been granted to Harry Burrard, governor of Calshot Castle, son of George, Paul's youngest son, whose sister Anne, daughter to George and grand-daughter to Paul Burrard, became the wife of Charles Bowles. Their daughter, Caroline Anne Bowles, of Buckland, first cousin to Sir Charles and second cousin to Sir George Burrard, was married to Robert Southey. In 1801 and 1802, George III., with his Queen and daughters, were the guests of Sir Harry Burrard Neale, at Walhampton. At or by Walhampton there was found, about one hundred and twenty years ago, an urn full of Roman coins. South of Walhampton is Sharprick, already noticed (vol. ii. p. 123). In the thirteenth century Henry Trenchard held half a fee at Sharprix and Hordle, under the manor of Christchurch (?). He was son to Robert Trenchard and great-grandson to Payne Trenchard, to whom Baldwin de Rivers granted the holdings at Hordle. Henry Trenchard's son, Sir Henry, married the heiress of the Walerans. From them descended, in the fifth degree, was the wife of John de Dibden. South-east of Walhampton lies the site of an old chapel, which is commonly, but I think wrongly, supposed to have belonged to Baddesley preceptory. The history of the Hospitallers of Baddesley is somewhat obscure, and its obscurity has been rendered the darker by almost all the historians having mistaken the tithing of South for the parish of North Baddesley. I find no notice of any grant in favour of the Hospitallers of Hampshire earlier than that by which Adam de Port gave them all the lands held of him in fee at the manor of Godsfield. Then come the grants of land between the two Rugenores, given by Walter de Andely (De Andely, Daundely, or Dawdely), and confirmed by his son Walter, with eighteen acres by Ruggenore Wood, held of Chiltecandere (Chilton Candover) manor.3 William de St. Martin gave them arable and pasture land by Ruggenore Wood. (2) Elder brother to the saintly George Herbert. A more strange compound of soldier, scholar, philosopher, freethinker, and enthusiast, than Lord Herbert of Cher- bury, it would be hard to find. (3) Prior Robert de Ver allowed a claim by Robert de (1) Daughter to John Button. The Buttons held land at Sway in Boldre, and also at Buckland in Lymington parish. The two sisters of Elizabeth and Anne Button were married — Cecilia to William Knapton, and Elinor to Thomas Dore. THE NEW FOREST. 59 At the beginning of the twelfth century the land of Godsfield and St. Cross The knights . S6tti6 111 xisinp* Hospital (Hospital Domus Sce Crucis extra muros Winton) were the only possessions shire. held by the Hospitallers in Hampshire. The royal confirmation to them of those holdings was written at Rouen by the Archbishop of Canterbury, August 30, 1199. Baddesley was acquired by the Hospitallers in the thirteenth century,1 and at the beginning of the fourteenth, that is to say, on July 17, 1304, by deed of the Bishop then at Wolvesey, Baddesley Church was appropriated to the English priory of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, and the endowment of the vicarage settled.2 We have a full and detailed account of the Baddesley preceptory in the interesting Their posses- record of the English Hospitallers for 1338, edited by Mr. Larking. They held in "°dlyia the" Hampshire one bailiwick or manor, that of Godsfield, of which Baddesley and j^°nth Runham (Rownham) were members. At Baddesley they owned a messuage with a garden reckoned with the dovecote to be worth 10s., one hundred acres of arable at 6a?., and two other parcels of land, one of twenty and the other of forty acres, worth 4a?. the acre,3 seventeen acres of pasture at 3a?., and forty of meadow at 2s. the acre, with common rights of pasturage for twenty-four oxen (at 8a?. a head4), thirty cows (6a?. a head), and four hundred sheep (la?, a head.) Their assized rents were valued at 21s., and the work and customary services of tenants at 18s. 7Aa?. They owned also at Baddesley one wood of large timber some hundred acres in extent, but there were rights of common which prevented them from cutting in it timber for sale, est in communi unde nil protest levari sine vasto, though they might cut in it such wood as was required for the necessary repairs of houses belonging to the Godsfield Aundeli of pasturage for two hundred sheep, and a like was the continually being pestered with fi.fa. writs, or, claim from Walter de Andeli for twelve oxen. as they naively state it, per brevia quae fieri facias vul- (1) That at Baddesley, in Hampshire, stood a house gariter appel/antur. John de Scures, Robert Daudley, originally belonging to the Templars, which afterwards and Robert de Popham, apparently were their troublers. was granted to the Hospitallers, seems to be pretty well Leonard de Tibertis, the Prior of Venice, was sent over agreed upon by all those who have written for the sub- to set things right, and eventually was chosen into ject. I cannot reconcile that account with the fact that Larcher's room. The exact date of Larcher's resignation the Hospitallers were in possession of Baddesley Church does not appear ; but a letter touching their miseries, and lands before the year 1323. addressed to Elias de Villanova, and dated July 2, 1328, (2) An early rector of Baddesley, Richard Larcher, was written by Thomas Larcher, olim Prior Anglice et collated (the presentation had lapsed) by the bishop in preceptores procuratores et syndici totius capitalis pro- 1311, was probably kinsman to Thomas Larcher, the vincialis Prioratus Anglia. Larcher died August 28, 1329. famous Prior of the Hospitallers, who did so much It would seem that John Pavely, king's admiral in towards encumbering their property. 1377, succeeded Leonard de Tibertis in the priory. We Probably Thomas Larcher was successor to Richard de find him in the office just after the middle of the four- Pavely. Some writers have inserted the name of Robert de teenth century. Dyna (?) (Diva) after that of Richard de Pavely, in the (3) At Godsfield their best arable land was worth only list of English priors of St. John ; hut we have already id., and the second best 2d. the acre, one hundred acres seen (vol. ii. p. 205) that he belonged to the preceding lying fallow, and being reckoned at Id. the acre (centum century. Such was Larcher's maladministration of the acra qua non coluntur quelibet acra un' den'). At hospital, specially in the matter of charging it with Runham the arable land was worth 3d. the acre. Was pensions (debite per factum commune alas magnatibus not Runham the place now known as Rownham, in North et familiaribus domini Regis et ahorum) and other Baddesley parish ? encumbrances, that he was turned out of, or obliged to (4) 1*. the head at Godsfield and Runham. HorBe resign, his office before 1328. The great thing which pasturage was rated at 1*. the head at Godsfield, and troubled the knights, as it has troubled many men since, calves at Runham id. each. I 2 60 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. bailiwick, and to the Templescomb and Anesty bailiwicks, et aliorum locorum templi devastatorum. Badesie&ai At Runham (Rownham) the knights were owners of a tumble-down house, NorABaddes- ^essuagium debile et ruinosum, worth 12s., eighty acres of arable at 3a?. the acre, ley and Rown- pasture for two hundred sheep at Id. a head, eight oxen at I2d., and thirty young oxen, boviculis, at 4a?. each. The sum total of receipts and profits of Godsfield bailiwick came to one hundred marks and 7^o?. So far we find but one Baddesley noticed, and not the least scrap of hint that it had ever belonged to the Templars, or was in the New Forest.1 There is further presumptive evidence, which seems to me so strong as absolutely to settle the question, about the locality of the Baddesley preceptory. We find in the recital, &c, of charters drawn up 1397, during the priorship of William Hulles,2 some notice of a grant by Richard Lebant, Labant or Lebanc, of lands and woods at Badesle, confirmed by Roger de Mortimer. Now Ralph de Mortimer held North Baddesley in 1084. In dowry of Joan, wife to Sir John de Brunton, a 50s. rent was charged upon the manor of that same Baddesley. Peverel's gift to Further, we find record of a certain place granted to the Hospitallers by Thomas Peverel of Chelworth, and in connection with that grant his resigning for himself and his heirs all claims of common at Rughenham and Badesle. He gave them in 1276 all the enclosures in the manor of Baddesley and Rughenham, which they had made up to the year 1271. Now we can hardly fail of identifying Rughenham with Rownham in Baddesley parish, close to Chilworth. The names of Castle Hill, Sion's Hill, and Knightwood, all in the parish of Baddesley, tell their own tale. I here lay no stress on tradition, which tells of the " old monastery " at North Baddesley, and points out by the present manor-house where its kitchen stood ; nor on other legends which exist touching certain relics of antiquity still preserved in the parish as memories of the old knights. So much in support of the position that at North Baddesley was a preceptory of Hospitallers. I have next to show that there is no evidence of the knights having ever had any settlement at all at South Baddesley. It appears to me that the whole imagination of the South Baddesley preceptory rests upon three grounds ; the fact that the knights had land in the neighbourhood of Lymington, the existence of an old chapel at Baddesley, and the description of (1) It is scarcely necessary. to note that no argument (%) He held office long into the fifteenth century. His can be drawn from the fact that the house was called a predecessor was Robert de Hall, Treasurer of the King's preceptory, and not a commandry. Exchequer in 1380. I here take occasion to mention that careful examina- On the ground of William Hulle renewing a certain tion of the tomb in North Baddesley church reputed, and charter in 1397, as Preceptor of Baddesley, it has been by some historians of the parish stated to be that of a supposed that in his time, or just before, Godsfield was Templar, has convinced me that the statement is alto- annexed to Baddesley. Certain it is that in later days gether erroneous. The tomb is of fifteenth century date. Baddesley took precedence of Godsfield. THE NEW FOREST. 61 George Aylmer in 15581 as of South Baddesley, though I take leave to doubt whether the South is not a transcriber's blunder for North. The first ground must be abandoned, as we shall find that all the south-west The lands held Hampshire lands belonging to the Knights of St. John lay, so far as I can learn, in ^J^ ^*te and to the west of Lymington. ington. We find in the time of King John record of John de Witwill and his son William granting certain land at Milford8 to William Masterell towards the endowment of a hospital for the poor, ad Eremnam (Keyhaven ?), founded by the said William Masterell, with the gift of a house and land there held by a certain clerk named Guy. Ralph Masterell,3 brother to William, confirmed his brother's grant to the Templars (?) of the God's House at Gremme, with Milford (as held by his uncle or grandfather) Querne4 Chalk, and the chapel of Brook, all except one saltern, salva una salina de Nordofontis sub divisia de Ilordele,5 all which grants were confirmed by William de Vernon, under whom the Maskerells held. In the return of 1535 the preceptory of Baddesley is entered after the Isle of Baddesley pre- Wight parishes. The revenues consisted in the farm of the manor-house, rents, farm TisTJ m of lands and tenements, and other spiritualities and temporalities, altogether amounting to £131 14s. la?, by the year. Reprisals (of which the fees of seneschal, receiver, auditor, and bailiffs made up £6 13s. 4a?.) reduced the gross income to £118 16s. 7o?. At that time the Cistercian house at Bindon paid yearly to the com- mendator at Badsley and Mayne commandry a pension of 5s., charged upon the abbey portion of West Chauldon tithes. It appears that on the suppression of the preceptory its lands were granted, first to Sir Thomas Seymour, and some dozen years afterwards, in 1551, to Sir Nicholas Throckmorton. So far the argument has shown us that the knights held the manor of North Baddesley, and possessed certain lands west of >South Baddesley. We next shall see that, so far as I can ascertain, there is not the least mention of Hospitallers having th° knights ° anything to do with South Baddesley itself. South bIu^ "' South Baddesley, in 1084, belonged to Count Roger, and was worth to him 3s. desiey. (1) In 1558, when the order of the Hospitallers was July 28, 1204, addressed to Otuerus de l'lsle commanding re-established in England, Georgius Aylmer de South him to receive in hostage from Ralph Mascherell his son, Baddesley was, April 2, appointed among the commen- and keep him safe till further orders. datores seu praceplores, under Sir Thomas Tresham. (i) It appears that the preceptory also held at Quern (2) Still known as Milford Baddesley. lands and rents by gift of Robert Russell. Amongst its We find in the time of Queen Elizabeth Robert Rick- other possessions were the manor of Southington, by gift man proceeding against Mark Parson and his wife Joan, of Sir Jordan de Clinton ; and at Warneford the manor William Parson and William Badger, for the surrender of granted by the Earl of Hereford ; and rents amounting certain copyholds at Milford held by Mark and his son to 26s. 8d. bestowed by Adam de Port and William William of the queen's manor of Mylford Badsley, which St. John. The Hospitallers also held lands and tenements said copyholds they had agreed to sell to the said Robert at Carisbrook, and elsewhere in the Isle of Wight, by the Rickman. gift of Ralph Mastwell to the Templars (?). (3) Or Mascherell. We find an order, of date Odiham, (5) Among sundry notices of the Hospitallers' lands 62 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. South Baddes ley in 1084. Further notices of South Bad- South Baddes ley manorial chapel. It contained one ploughland with one villein and four bordmen, and since the afforestation of part of it was assessed at one virgate. In the old times, when Swarfs son held it in parage, it was assessed at one hide. Under Earl Roger, Durand held South Baddesley. Perhaps he was the Durand who in former days held in parage that part of Sway which in 1084 was held by Neal under the Earl.1 In the next century Geoffrey de Badeslie is recorded to have held in Fritham and Baddesley half a ploughland, and rents belonging to his bailiwick by the service of paying 60s. yearly, besides 30s. more for his vaccaria. In the taxation of 1290 South Baddesley is, of course, not mentioned. North Baddesley rectory was then valued at £5. In 1306 Hugh de Ryshton, a clerk, gave 20s. for leave of entry upon some hundred acres of waste-lands in the forest at Norley (Northleghe), near Baddesley, to be held by him and his heirs of the king in fee at 16s. 8a?. yearly rent.2 In the charter of 1329 touching the chapel at Baddesley, near Lymington, founded 1329, it is expressly called a chantry. Its endowment by Henry de Welles3 we have already noticed (vol. ii. p. 86). Thenceforward we find noticed the manorial chapel of South Baddesley, without, so far as I can find, even a hint of it ever having belonged to any religious order whatsoever. Very recently it, or, rather, the new church which has been built in its stead, has been made into a kind of district church. west of South Baddesley, we find them holding by Robert Caleys rents and lands at Lymington, and lands at Mil ford. One Peter Wolgar received from Preceptor Hilary two acres and a half in Milford parish. (1) The old holders of the earl's lands were — Alured and Durand (each one hide in parage at Svei, Sway) ; Swarfs son (one hide in parage at Bedeslei, Baddesley) ; Salide and Godwin (each one hide in parage at Oselei, Oxley) ; Colgrin and Edwin (two and a half hides in parage at Trucham) ; Alnod (half a hide in parage at Wolnetune, Walhampton ?) ; Leving (one hide in parage at Lentune, Lymington ?) ; Ulwin (half a hide in parage at Hentune, Hinton Admiral) ; Saolf (five and a half yardlands in parage at Esselie) ; Aluric (seven yardlands of the king at Bermintune) ; Wlward (one hide in parage at Burmintune) ; Edric (one hide in parage at Hentune) ; Holengar (one hide in parage at Bichelei) ; Godric (the third of a hide in parage at Fernehelle). Of those holders the occupiers under the earl were taking them in the order just given, Fulcoin and Nigel (each one hide at Svei), Durand, Nigel, Fulcuin, William Fulcuin, Fulcuin, Fulcuin, Nigel, Durand, Durand, Nigel, Nigel, Nigel. Whence it appears that of the sixteen ancient owners of the earl's lands about Lymington, fifteen are not accounted for, and one remained in the county as under tenant of three holdings. Under the earl, Fulcoin occu pied five holdings, Nigel, or Neale, six, and William one. (2) We find in 1310 Geoffrey Scurlag (p. 48) paying a fine of 60*. to the king, for license of conveyance from himself and his wife Joan, to Hugh de Rysheton, of tenements, at Lemyngton and Okebere, which he held of the king in chief. (3) That the Welles family were connected with the Hospitallers is certain, but it proves nothing to the present point, inasmuch as almost all the Hampshire families of note had relations of some kind or other with the Knights of St. John. To John de Welles the knights owed the land they held lying by the moor known as The Wellwate More. In 1387 John Welles was presented to the rectory (?) of North Baddesley by the deputy of Robert de Hales. It will seem the more natural that the Welles family should be connected with the Hospitallers when we remember that although the principal manor-house of the family was at South Baddesley, the lands from which they derived their name lay in the parish next to that of North Baddesley. It may be noticed that a century ago Mr. Weld of Lulworth, uncle to the cardinal, married the younger daughter of Mr. Smythe, who held many of the lands which had once belonged to the old Wells family. Thus it happened that the late owner of South Baddesley represented in some sort the ancient founders of the chapel. Like them he professed the ancient unreformed faith. THE NEW FOREST. 63 In the year 1334 South Baddesley was rated at 65s. 8a?., and North Baddesley at 34s. 7a?. There was one Andrew of Stratford who, jointly with Christiana, his wife, held landowners ' •> J ' 'at South Bad- 16s. in rents from divers tenements at Baddesley. He died in the time of desiey. Richard II. His wife had a life interest in a meadow known as Haresmede, at New Baddesley, in the New Forest, which, with its belongings, she held of the king at 2s. rent. Apparently she died about 1409. FROM LYMINGTON TO HYTHE AND BEAULIEU. Hurst Castle Charles I. at Hurst Castle. BY Lymington river, going southward, we now gain the beach of the Solent. Just before us, across the rapid channel, lies Yarmouth. To the right juts out the spit of land on which stands Hurst Castle, and to our left stretches the long low line of coast which forms the southern boundary of the New Forest. Hurst Castle, or Block House,1 built by Henry VIII. with stones from Beaulieu, sometimes quite,2 and at all times half, insulated from the mainland of Hampshire, commanding as it does the entrance to the Solent, was formerly looked upon as a fortress of great importance. One of its earliest, perhaps its first captain, was Thomas Bertie of Bersted, one of the " loyal Bertie " house, and paternal grandfather of Peregrine Bertie, eleventh baron Willoughby d'Eresby. In his grant of arms dated July 10, 1550, he is described as Captain of Hurst Castle. During his captaincy, or, at all events, in the year 1547, the ordnance of Hurst Castle consisted in a curtail cannon of brass, oone, and curtail cannon shot of six ynches and a quarter, thirty -five ; that is, one short brass cannon and thirty-five cannon balls. When Thomas Carey commanded the castle in Elizabeth's time, its establishment consisted of a captain at Is. 8a?., an under captain at Is., master gunner and porter, and twelve gunners and ten soldiers at 6a?. daily. There was a design, when Uvedale was captain of the Isle of Wight, to betray Hurst Castle to the French. The castle is memorable for having served, through twenty-six days, as the prison of Charles I. He was brought there from Newport by Colonel Cobbit on December 6, 1648. In the latter part of the century it was the prison of Paul Atkinson, a Franciscan, (1) Where was the Lymington Castle at which, on Thursday, March 10, 1512-13, at 4 a.m., died John Vere, Earl of Oxford, lord admiral, and great cham berlain? (2) As, indeed, it is at present. Under like circum stances we find, in July, 1611, an order given that Sir Edward Gorge, then Captain of Hurst Castle, should receive £79 13i. id., to be spent on making good the communication with the mainland, which had been lately breached. - \ s THE NEW FOREST. 65 whom the persecutions of the day condemned to perpetual imprisonment. There he died, October 15, 1729, aged 74. The rigours of his confinement were tempered as much as possible by one of the Lymington Dores then in command of the castle. As we have seen, Hurst Point is the western limit of the Admiralty jurisdiction Hurst Point. claimed in the Solent by the Mayor of Southampton. When Henry VIII. gave up the prisage of Southampton he ordered that wine purchased off or on the Hampshire coast west of Langston and east of Hurst, should be liable to custom and prisage. The accompanying engraving will give abetter notion of Hurst Castle than I could convey by any merely verbal description. In the middle of the seventeenth century it was thus described : — " This Castle stands a mile and a half in the Sea, upon a Hurst Castle Breach full of mud and stinking Oaze upon low Tides, having no fresh water within a*° cen aneh two or three miles of it ; so cold, foggy, and noysonie, that the Guards cannot endure it without shifting Quarters." We now make our way by the shorelands belonging to the Crown towards Calshot fourteen miles from Hurst Castle. On our way we pass Sowley, which belonged in old days to Beauheu Abbey Sowley and iu demesne. Formerly it had some reputation for its iron works,1 supplied with iron- poa ' stone from Hordle and Hengistbury. At present Sowley is best known by its pond, the Freshwater, or Colgrim's mere,2 which bounded the abbey lands. On it still stands the representative of the abbey mill. Skirting the large manor of Beaulieu we come presently to the banks of the Exe, or Beaulieu river, flowing eastward into the Solent between the parallels of Need's ore and Stone's ore points. Supposing we have crossed the stream to Lower Exbury, our course will lie through the manor of Exbury, past Leap into the manor of Stone. Leaving Stanswood to our left hand, and passing by Luttrell's Folly on our right we go on towards Calshot Castle. Early in the thirteenth century we find a notice of Hugh de Nevill paying for flesh meat consumed by the king, or on his account, came ad opus nostrum, at Exbury (Ecresbiry) in the New Forest, 20s. 6d. In 1324 Andrew de Grymstede was found seized of the revenues of half the manor of Exbury in the New Forest, and in 1363 Elinor, wife of John de G-rinstede, is returned as having held the revenues of the manors of Westgrinstede in Wilts and Exbury in Hants. Eaglehurst, better known as Luttrell's Folly (just as elsewhere we have Cook's Folly, Lady Jane's Folly, &c, with stories thereto belonging), was built nearly a (1) Hengistbury ironstone is now carried to the smelt ing works of South Wales. The decay of the great Sussex and Hampshire ironworks when pitcoal took in the foundries the place of charcoal, we have already noticed. At present very little iron ore is raised in Hampshire, and that little is yearly becoming less, as may be gathered by comparing the iron ore returns for the years 1859, 1860, and 1861. We find that in— VOL III. 1859. Tons. Hampshire raised . 9,725 The United Kingdom raised . 7,876,581 I860. Tons. 6,U9 8,024,204 1861. Tons. 4,008 7,215,518 £ Of which the value was . 2,507,864 £ 2,466,929 2,302,371 No pig iron is made in Hampshire (2) We have already seen that in the eleventh century Colgrim held lauds near Lymington. K 66 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Luttrell's Folly. Calshot the Cerdices ora. century ago by Mr. Luttrell,1 son to Lord Irnham, an Irish peer, better known by his later titles of Viscount and Earl Carhampton. It afterwards belonged to Lord Cavan (first earl) governor of Calshot Castle. Some years ago it was spoken of as " the intended summer residence of the Prince of Wales and the young princesses." Calshot Castle is rather interesting from its locality than for any associations connected with itself. Built early in the sixteenth century, partly repaired with materials from Beaulieu, carefully kept up through the troubles of the seventeenth century, it has now dwindled down to a coast-guard and signal station. If, however, we see at Calshot the Cerdices ora, or landing-place of Cerdic — and that we are right in that view, antecedent probability, Calcesore the ancient form of the name Calshot, the actual course which the invasion of the leas of Nate took, with other considerations, all seem to establish — the little ore or landing-place of the neighbouring creek becomes to us Hampshire Englishmen what the Plymouth rock of their yearly pilgrimage is to the descendant of the old Puritan New Englanders. We shall hardly have a better occasion than the present for comparing the aspect of the coast in the days of Leland with its modern appearance. The old antiquary gives — Lelaud's descriptionof the Haven. "A BREFE DESCRIPTION OF THE HAVEN OF SOUTHAMPTON. " The Bredth of the Mouth or the Entery of Southampton Haven is by Estimation a 2 Myles from shore to shore. " At the West Point of it is a stronge Castelle, a late' buildid caullid Caldsliore, communely Cawshot. " There is on the Est side agayne it a Place caullid Hamel-hooke, wher be a 3 or 4 Fishars Houses. " The Haven shoreth up a 7 Miles on the West side tyl it cummith up to Hampton Toun standing on the other side. And here, by Estimation, the Trajectus is a Mile from Land to Land. " Thens it goith up farther a 3 miles to Bedbridge, and ebbith and flowith a Myle above that. " And to this Salt Arme as the highest and principale Hed of the Haven resortith both Teste Ryver and Stoke Bridge Water yn one Botom. " On this side of the Haven I markid few other Thinges notable. " But I markid, That the Body and principale Streame of the Haven enterid by South as at the Mouth ; and went up by ... . "A3 miles from Hamelehooke, that lyith as at the Est point of the Haven, goith a Creke by north East up ' yn to ' the Lande caullid com . . . . le Creke, and of sum .... Haven, wheryn is a very fan- Rode for greate Shippes. (1) Brother to the well-known Colonel Henry Laws John Wilkes), and to Captain John Luttrell, R.N., who Lutterell, of the 1st regiment of horse (the opponent of served with much distinction in the Spanish main. THE NEW FOREST. 67 " It takith Name of a good Fisschar Toun caullid Hamelrise, that lyith about a Leland's Mile ynward from the Creke Mouth on the lift Hand by Weste. the°Have°n— " This Towne now longgith to the New College in Winchester. It longgid afore to a Priorie of Religious Men in the same Toune. "A3 Miles above Hamelrise, at the very Hedde of the Creke, is a good village caullid Budley, or Botley. " And to this Creeke by my Estimation resortith the Water cummyng from Bishop's Waltham, a praty Tounlet a 3 Miles of. " Scant a Mile from the Mouth of Hamelrise Creeke lyithe Letelege, on the Shore upward in the mayne Haven. " Here a late was a great Abbay in Building of White Monkes. " About a 2 Miles upward brekith in a great Creeke out of the mayne Haven, and one goith into the Lande by Northe. " On the lift Hand of this Creke by West a litle from the shore, stondith a Cha- pelle of our Lady of Grace, sum time hauntid with Pilgrimes. " Right agayn it is Hitchyn, a smaulle Village on the Est side, and hereof the Trajectus is caullid Hitchin-Fery. " A 2 Miles upper in the Creek lyith S. Dionise on the left Hand and West Ripe, where of late was a Priorie of Chanons, ord. S. August. " And on the right Hand on the Est Ripe lyith almost agayn it Bythern, sum- tyme a Castelle longging to the Bishopes of Winchester, whereof yet sum Ruines remayne : now a Ferme longging to the Bishop of Winchester. " Wood Mille lyith scant a Mile upward, as at the Hedde of the Creeke ; and hither resortith Alresford Ryver, augmentid with dyverse Brokes. "At Wood My lie is good Taking of Salmons. " The Toun of Hampton is not half a Mile above the Mouth of this Creke. " The Shore from Caldshore to Christes-Chirch Tminham. " From Cauldshore Castelle upward by South- West a . . . . brekith in a Creeke —and shore. that goith up into the Land a 3 or 4 Miles, and at the Hedde of this Creeke was Bewly, an Abbay of White Monkes, a Tounlet, and a certen Territorie of Ground privilegid with Sanctuarie. " The Castelle at Hurste .... there is countid to be a xiiij Miles .... shore. " This Castelle is set almost righte agayne the farther Ende of the Lande of the Isle of Wighte. " And the Trajectus heere from Land to Land is about a 2 Miles, the which narow Place is defendid by Hurst Castelle. " Christe-Chirche Twinhamburne is a vj Miles above Hurste, and this Toun being in Hamptonshire is the Limes and the Ryver by it of Hamptonshire and Dorsetshire. k 2 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. "The new Castelles in Wighte." " THE NEW CASTELLES IN WIGHTE. " Ther be 2 New Castelles sette up and furnishid at the Mouth of Newporte, that is the only Haven in Wighte to be spoken of. " That that is sette up on the Est side of the Haven is caullid the Est Cow, and that that is sette up at the West syde is callyd the West Cow, and is the bigger Castelle of the 2. " The Trajectus betwixt these 2 Castelles is a good Myle. " The next part of the Land and Shore of Hamptonshire is a vij Miles from .... Cowes. " From Hampton to Hichin Village that stondith on the farther side of the Fery about a Mile. " Thens to Hamelrise a Fisschar Toun by much enclosid and Hethy Ground myxt with Feme a 3 Miles. " Thens over the Fery and to Tichefeld a 2 good Miles by lyke Grounde. " (I left a praty Lake on the lifte a title or I enteryd into Tichefeld Toun.) " Yet in sum Vaynes about Ticliefelde is very good Grounde. " Mr. Wriotheseley hath buildid a right stately House, embatelid, and having a goodely Gate, and a conducte castelid m the Midle of the Court of it, yn the very same Place wher the late Monasterie of Premostratenses stoode caullyd Tichefelde. " Ther is a Gramer Schole propter ripamfluminis. " Ther is also a Parke, the Ground wherof is sumwhat hethy and baren." View from Calshot. From Calshot we have a glorious view right down the Solent, past Cowes west ward, Spithead and its fleet (see the accompanying engraving), in our south-eastern distance ; beyond which lies the open channel and the long line of wooded coast, with the high ridges which run from Fareham north-eastward in the background. Imme diately opposite to us is the mouth of the Hamble river, on which stands the village of Hamble on the Rise. Hem le's lands on the Meon river. HAMBLE. One is tempted to see m the name Hamble a memory of the thane Hemele, to whom Beorhtric gave thirty-six settlements (farms or manors, cassatos) at Hurst- bourne and elsewhere, in exchange for the land (thirty-four cassatos) along the Meon river (flumen quod appellatur Meonea) which Hemele had bought with a price of purest gold from Kinewlf. The difficulty in our way is one of dates. Hemele parted with his lands along the Meon river not long before the year 790, whereas, as is evident from the words (vol. ii. p. 158) of Beda, who died May 27, 735, the Hamble river bore that designa tion as early as the beginning of the eighth century. We are therefore compelled to THE NEW FOREST. 69 give up the theory that Hambleton and the Hamble river take their designation from the Hemele of the above-cited charter. I do not know whether the supposition is improbable that an older Hemele, the Hemele and his grandfather, perhaps, of the Hemele of the charter, was settled in the country of the Meonwari, and gave his name to Hamele's town (Hambledon) and river. The parish and village of Hamble owes its name to the neighbouring river, just as Itchen village, Titchbourne, Andover, Mitcheldever, and the Candover are named from the river Itchen, the Titch-burn, the Ann-dever, Mitchel-dever, and Can-dever (vol. ii. p. 15). In 1290 the rectory of Hamble (in Droxford deanery) with its chapelry (of Burs- ledon?) was worth £4 6s. 8d. A pension of 4s. was charged upon it. At that time the monks of Hamble held charged upon Bishopstoke rectory a The monks of pension of £2, and the prior held a portion in Staunton rectory (Wilts) rated at one HamI)le- mark. At Hamble the priory possessions were rated at £40 de ballivo, manorial dues and profits, one mark for a meadow, and at Winchester the monks owned certain rents . coming to £3 12s. by the year. Hamble priory was then a cell to the great abbey of Tyrone. Of Hamele, Hamble on the Rise, or Hook (compare Hockheim, Hockland, &c), we find the ninths in 1340, by John Merlyn, Richard Hering, Roger Reiner, and Richard Cole, returned at 33s. 4a?. The church was endowed with a messuage and yardland of arable worth some 10s. Tithes of hay, &c, with oblations and mortuaries, came to 63s. It seems probable that about the middle of the fourteenth century Hamble church, built and dedicated to St. Andrew in the twelfth century, was largely repaired. In 1355 a charter was given to Roger de Mortimer, Earl of March, for a market fair and other liberties at Hamelhoke. Yet in 1391 we again find a notice of the manor of Hamble belonging to the priory of St. Andrew. With it went the appendant right of advowson. Further, the Hamble monks had appropriated to themselves the rectory of their parish. The house of St. Andrew, at Hamble, was one of the alien priories suppressed1 Suppression of by Act of Parliament in 1414. Hainble Prior* In a fifteenth century notice of benefactions bestowed by William of Wykeham, and others, upon St. Mary's College, Winchester, we find entered tenements at Whippingham and Carisbrook, in the Isle of Wight, seven messuages at Win chester, the Soke, and Winnal, twenty-six messuages, sixty acres, sixteen acres of meadow, forty of pasture, and four of wood, at Romsey, Stanbridge, Okie, Mayhen- ston, or Makn Weston, the modern Mainstone, Welles (vol. ii. p. 86), and Asshefeld — Ashfield, near Lee, between Romsey and Nursling. Also, at Hamel in the Ryse, two messuages and four acres of land. (1) The other Hampshire alien priories then suppressed and Shirburne, to St. Vigor de Cerisy. At the same time were, the houses of Andewell and St. Cross, cells to were suppressed the Isle of Wight priories of Appledur- Tyrone; Andover, a cell to St. Florent ; Ellingham, a cell to combe and Carisbrook. For the most part their revenues St. Sauveur le Vicomte ; Hayling, belonging to Jumieges ; were granted to colleges. 70 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Hamble church in the seven teenth century. For the last four centuries and a half the possession of the Hambles Monks having belonged to Winchester College, and the neighbouring rectory of Hound having accrued to them on the dissolution of Netley Abbey, the history of that part of Hampshire belongs to, and is best treated in connection with, the history of Wykeham foundation. It does not appear that in the seventeenth century Hamble church was much cared for, to judge by the record of its state a century and a half ago, when of the painted glass which once graced the ancient church, that in the east window had been much shattered, and the parish pound was kept in the churchyard. At Hamble Point there formerly stood a castle (vol. ii. p. 316.) Bursledonchapelry. Two Bursle- dons in the fourteenthcentury. BURSLEDON. Bursledon parish, with its little twelfth century church, of St. Leonard's, repaired and enlarged some thirty years ago, was a chapelry to the parish of Hamble until Hound was united to Hamble some fifteen years ago.1 From the early part of Charles II. 's reign into the second decade of the last century, Bursledon had its own register book of baptisms, burials, and marriages. For the next eighty years the baptisms and burials, and for more than one hundred years the marriages, of Bursledon were registered with those of Hound and Hamble. So early as the time of Henry de Blois we find the monks of Hamble in possession of the chapel of Bursledon. There are two places named Bursledon in the account of the Hampshire taxation of 1334. Under Fawley hundred we find given Havant (now a separate liberty), taxed at 58s. 6a?. ; Hay ling (of which now some part is in Havant liberty and the greater part in Bosmere hundred), lis. 8a?. ; Gosport(now with Alverstoke a separate liberty), 10s. 8d. ; Burseldenne, As. 10a?. ; Exton, 22s. ; Alverstoke, 37s. 2d., and other tithings.2 Again, under Waltham hundred, are entered Waltham, 40s. 8a7. ; Ashton, 34s. ; Upham, 30s. ; Durley, 51s. 8a7. ; Curdridge, 39s. la?. ; Burseldene, 25s. 4a?. ; Fawley, 33s. ; Bitterne, 31s. 3d. ; Swanmede, 23s. ; Droxford, 31s. ; and Shidfield, 34s. (1) The donative curacy of Hamble is in Droxford deanery and Mansbridge hundred ; the vicarage of Hound, with its chapel of Netley, in Southampton deanery and Mansbridge hundred : Bursledon (its manor belongs to the bishop), in Droxford deanery and Waltham hundred. By apparently some slip of the pen, Michael Godfre, Incumbent of Hound vicarage, in the return of 1 535 is designated rector, although the rectory was then, as before and since, appropriated to Winchester College. (2) The other components of the Fallegh hundred are — m Westmeon, 33s. 6d. ; m Kilmiston, 27s. 3a!. ; m Hin ton, 13*. 2d. ; m Beaworth, 16s. 6d. ; Alresford, 29s, 8a!., m Medstead, 12s. hd. ; m Wield, 1 9s. Id. ; m Chilcomb, 6s. 6d. ; m Cheriton, 39s. 11a!. ; m Titchbourne, 22s. &d. m Ovington, lis. Id. ; m Morestead, 17s. 6d. ; m Aving- ton, 13s. Zd. ; Worthy, 9s. 9a!. ; m Easton, 19s. ; m Winnad, 6s. lOd. ; m Twyford, 37s. Id. ; Horton, 41s. 2a!. ; and m Owlesbury, 57s. 10a!. The tithings to the names of which m is prefixed belong to the modern hundred of Fawley. Alresford stands for Old Alresford, which is still in Fawley hundred. New Alresford, then a borough rated at £4 19s. 6a!., Cheriton, and Titchbourne, now make one tithing. Martyr's Worthy is in Fawley hun dred, and so is Bishopstoke, the parish to which Horton belongs. To the modern hundred, Hoddington, in Upton Grey parish, and Privet belong. THE NEW FOREST. 71 In the modern Waltham hundred West Hoe, Mincingfield, Pollack, Weston, Woodcote, and Wintershill are tithings, and Swanmore and Hill stands for the Swanmede of the fourteenth century. At the end of the seventeenth century Bursledon had a certain reputation for Ship-building naval ship-building; and even as lately as some fifty years back men-of-war were built in its little port. Small as the population of Hound, Hamble, and Bursledon was some sixty years back (in the year 1801 they numbered in Hound but 148, Hamble 145, and Bursledon 254, men and boys of all ages), the three parishes succeeded in raising a Bursledon body of one hundred men, under the command of Captain George Whicher, to serve for the defence of the kingdom. It is remarkable how some little Hampshire parishes exerted themselves in the The "Volunteer "Volunteer movement" of that day. Seventy-three men of Nursling, under the s(xty years command of Captain James Nibbs; one hundred and fourteen of Easton, under back- Captain William Neville; one hundred and twenty of Stoneham, under Captain Stephen Sloane ; one hundred and forty-six of Millbrook, and two hundred and twenty-two of Eling, under Lieutenant-Colonel Peter Searle ; ninety from North Stoneham, and seventy-six from Preston, under Captain John Truman Villebois ; ninety from Stratton, under Captain Lord Henry Stuart — are but a few of the contingents which made up the Hampshire force of infantry. The volunteer cavalry of the county numbered some twelve or thirteen hundred sabres. It was made up of the North Hants, or Basingstoke, four troops, under Lieutenant-Colonel T. Shaw Lefevre ; eight troops of the South Hants, or Christchurch, under Lieutenant-Colonel George Henry Rose ; fifty sabres, requiring no allowance for pay, clothing, or contingencies, from Fawley, under Captain Gorgus Lowther ; three troops of North East, or Alton and Petersfield, under Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Stawell ; four, the South East or Portsdown, troops, under Lieutenant-Colonel Hon. Henry Hood ; forty-eight Bere Forest sabres, under Captain John Butler ; fifty, receiving no allowance for pay, clothing, or contingencies, from Dogmersfield, under Captain Sir H. St. John Mildmay, and twenty more under his command as " supernumeraries, serving without pay or allowance, and claiming no exemption;" one troop from Whitchurch, under Captain Richard Warren (the Whitchurch infantry, one hundred and eight in number, were commanded by Captain William Allen) ; two troops from Ringwood, under Captain Charles Hawkins ; and one from Fordingbridge, under Captain Charles Hulse. Of artillery volunteers Christ church supplied two hundred and sixty, under Lieutenant-Colonel Edmund Walcot ; Portsmouth and Portsea three hundred and sixty, Gosport and Alverstoke seventy- two ; under Captain Robert Forbes ; and one hundred and forty-four under Captain William Cole. Leaving now the tongue of land from which we have taken our view of the mouth of the Hamble river, we turn northward and go on, leaving the manor of South HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. South Langley Fawley before the Conquest. Fawley in 1084— -and 1340. Langley to our left, by Fawley church, through the manors of Holbury and Cadland, and by Hardley on to Hythe. In 1371 it was found that to Johannes Baron de Southlangele et Juliana uxor ejus belonged certain messuages and lands at South Langley. The large Forest parish of Fawley must not be supposed to have given its name to the Fawley hundred, within which some twenty-two tithings, chiefly episcopal manors east of the Itchin, are included. So far as I know the supposed connection between the parish and the hundred rests simply upon the accidental identity of the name. A half hide at Falethlea (Fawley) is enumerated with the fifty to Waltham and at Micheldever, the thirty to Fareham, the ten ajt Havant and Byrfuntan, the seventeen to Droxford, the ten at Bentley, the fifty to Crondall, &c. &c, granted, or rather confirmed, by Ethelred about 984 to the church of Winchester. The " to Waltham " may be illustrated by the American phrase of " I was to home that day," and the Devonian So-and-so to (for of) So-and-so. In 1084 two hides at Fawley in Rodbrige hundred belonged to Bishop Walkelin, or, rather, were held by him in demesne as Abbot of Winchester in farm for his monks. Till the afforestation of the country they had been assessed at two hides, but seven yardlands having been by the Conqueror thrown into the forest, the Bishop in 1084 was rated only for one yardland, on which were three villeins, five bordmen, with two teams. There belonged to the manor a little church, four acres of meadow, and one ploughland of arable. The value of Fawley had formerly been 60s., but by the afforestation had been reduced to 15s. The afforested portion of Fawley contained twelve ploughlands, and had formerly been worth 50s. The ninths of the sheaves, fleeces, and lambs belonging to laymen at Fawley (Falle or Fallelegh) parish were, in 1340, reckoned by John Stride, William But (vol. ii. p. 367), John Moteston, and Richard Beaugraunt at sixteen marks. The Abbot of Beaulieu's corn was assessed at 10s., and the Abbot of Titchfield was taxed one mark. The rectory was endowed with one messuage, a curtilage, rents, common pasture, and sixteen acres of arable, all valued at 20s. yearly. Tithe of salt was worth 40s. by the year. Tithes of calves', pigs, geese, pigeons, honey, &c, came to 30s. 2a?. ; tithe of hay to 13s. Ad. ; tithes of hemp, flax, apples, and milk to 22s. Ad. : mortuaries and offerings to £6 6s. 8d. The whole tithe amounted to £11 12s. 6o?. One of the chief hamlets in the parish had been attacked by the French, who laid it waste by fire and sword. In consequence thereof ad taxam dictce ecclesice non extendere potest. Fawley Church was one of the Hampshire churches to which William of Wykeham1 left special benefactions by will. To the churches of Witney, Farnham, Cheriton, Havant, and Burghclere he left each a full set of altar vestments for priest, (1) The rectory of All Saints at Fawley, with its chapel of Exbury, was, and indeed is, in the peculiar jurisdiction, as well as patronage, of the Bishop of Win chester. THE NEW FOREST. 73 deacon, and subdeacon, together with a cope and chalice. To each of the churches of Fawley, Crawley, Alverstoke, Bishop's or South Waltham, and Droxford he left a chalice and one cope to be chosen by his executors from those used in his chapel. John Blyth in 1535 held the valuable rectory of Falley or Fawley, worth (pro curations coming to 7s. 5|a?. deducted) £34 13s. 4^0?. Fawley church, originally of twelfth century date, has of late years been restored. Fawley From a charter of 1242 we gather that Matthew de Columbers (vol. ii. pp. 204, Chnrch- 218) held at Holbury two graves entitled Tuford and Norton closes. Matthew's Holbury land- other Hampshire holdings to which the charter refers were a park at Tytherley, a grave or close at Purshitt, and Wyndnershall. In 1312 the Abbot of Beaulieu, by leave of the king, received the enfeoffment from Roger Bernevall of seven acres at Holbury, and a messuage with fourteen acres at Upton. By notices of 1315 and 1320 it appears that, in the time of Edward II., John de Vienna held the manors of Newland, near Lockerley, East Dean, or their revenues, with tenements at West Dean and Holbury, and lands at Holbury and Lockerley. In 1325 William Smerks was returned as having held at Holbury one messuage, sixty-two acres of arable, nine of meadow, seven of moorland, three of wood, one watermill, and 2s. in rents. In 1359 the Abbot of Beaulieu received a grant of free warren at Ippele, Hole bury, Colebury, Soberton, Burgate, Upton, Wirpingham, and sundry manors in Berkshire. We find part of Cadland, held by Thomas de Escures, and afterwards through Cadland land- the gift of Eva de Clinton (confirmed by Baldwin de Rivers, of whose fee of Cad land it was held), daughter and heiress to Roger de Escures, passing into the possession of Titchfield Abbey. At Cadland, just opposite Netley, stands the house built nearly ninety years ago by Mr. Drummond the banker. The modern ecclesiastical district of Hythe stands partly in Dibden parish. Dibden was one of the manors which Chetel held in the time of the Confessor. Dibden in It was rated at five hides, and was worth £10. After the Conquest it was worth but 1084- £8. The afforestation of the country took three hides from the manor, and in 1084 it was rated at two hides, but paid taxes only on one. There belonged to the manor four ploughlands, four villeins, fifteen bordmen, with five teams, nine acres of meadow, wood for six hogs, a saltern, and a fishery. It was worth to Ode, its holder, no more than 50s., though he paid for it 100s. to the king. In 1276 the advowson of Dibden was claimed by John de Hanger and his wife Patrons of Alicia, against Nicholas de Depedene. The case was referred to a jury of twenty-four in'thel-hb- °ry knights. It ended in an amicable arrangement, according to which Nicholas conceded teentl1 century. the alternate right of presentation to John de Hanger and Alicia his coheir. Of Dibden (Deopedene, or Dupedene) parish in 1340, the ninths were reckoned VOL. III. L 74 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Dibden in 1340. Dibden rectory. Charity estate at Dibden. Hythe. by Nicholas de Depeden, Walter Noht (Sclwt), Robert Brantham, John Schussels (Shushe), Nicholas Worme, and William Neel at £8, or rather at £8 2s. 6d. The messuage and glebe land of the church was worth 2s., offerings 48s., tithe of salt 60s., mortuaries 13s. 4a?., tithe of hay one mark, tithe of sisar 10s., and of mills, calves, geese, milk, flour, hemp, pigs, &c, 28s., the whole tithe amounting to 104s. 4o?. As elsewhere in Hampshire, the murrain had affected the sheep, dimi nishing the ninth by 3s. The rectory of Dibden was in 1535, when John Marley was rector, worth £6 2s. 10a?., glebe land, tithes, &c, all reckoned. Procurations were charged upon it to the value of 9s. lid. The farm at Dibden tenanted by Mr. Swanton belongs to the Romsey charity trustees (vol. i. p. 416). They purchased it September 29, 1862 (though the con veyance was not completed for some weeks), from Mr. Ross, who had bought it in the preceding year. We have already noticed the connection with Dibden of the ennobled family of Harris, and the Forest rights which they thence derived.1 At Hythe, the landing-place of the neighbourhood (vol. ii. p. 360), there is not much of interest to detain us, and we make the best of our way towards Beaulieu, our road lying across the heathy plain, here and there partially enclosed. Soon after leaving the village of Hythe we find ourselves upon rising ground, and here and there, by the gravel pits and windmill to our left, obtain rather pretty views. Next we enter upon the great heathy plain stretching like a sea around us, and presenting, were it not for the road and the sod embankments marking out intended enclosures, much the same aspect that it must have borne for thousands of years before ever the Cistercians found for themselves a lovely river-side home in the heart of the waste and sandy wilderness. (1) Amongst other claims made and allowed at the Winchester meeting, September 29, adjourned from the swainmote held at Lyndhurst June 27, 1670, were the following, arising out of manors, lands, and tenements which we pass through or leave at our right on our way from Southampton road by Redbridge to Hythe and Beauheu : — That of James Legy, gent., as seized in fee of a messuage, and sixty acres in Free Mouth (FremantleP), in Milbrook parish, without the Forest ; Henry Furze, as owner of the Blue Anchor at Redbridge, an ancient messuage, to the possession of which pertained forest rights ; William Pawlett, Esq., as seized in fee of and in the manor of Cadman and Winsor, in the parishes of Eling and Minstead, and of a messuage and one hundred acres known as Little Testwood, in Eling parish, without the Forest; Sir Dowse Fuller, as seized in fee of an " ancient messuage and two hundred acres of land called Moore Court and Moore Abbas, More Malwayn " (vol. ii. p. 243), without the Forest bounds ; William Oviatt, gent., as owning the manor of Tachbury, without the Forest ; Philip Leigh, Esq., as holding the manor of Testwood, without the Forest (in the list of his tenants several local names, as Mansbridge, Windsor, and Ryballs, occur); John Nevey, gent., as owniug a messuage, forty-six acres, &c., at Wynsor, in Milbrook parish, without the Forest ; George Stanley, gent., as owning the manors of Wigley and Shentley, also the manors of Ashley and Arnwood, and a capital messuage, with one hundred acres, &c, known as Palton's ; David Urry, gent., as owner of the manor of Marshwood Romsey. To these may be added the more remote holdings of Walter Godfrey, gent., who held the manor of Timsbnry, without the Forest ; and William Bulkeley, Esq., a minor, who held, without the regard, Arnys, or Irsland. He claimed in right of pay ments to the keeper of Godshill, privileges of herbage, common of turbary, estovers of wood, and pannage. For the pannage he paid the " agillors " (that is, agistors) at every Michaelmas— a penny for each hog one year old or over, and a halfpenny for each hog under that age of the number he turned out. THE NEW FOREST. Barrows on the plain. Boundary of Beaulieu The squatter's hut. Beaulieu's immunity from sherifiV writs. The Cistercians' home. Soon after we cross the ancient British trackway, barrows (the Nodes) rising to the far right, and afterwards others to the near left, stand as the monuments of the earlier inhabitants or invaders of the country. Presently we see before us, somewhat to the right, the well-known landmark for twenty miles round of Beaulieu Clump. We now are close to the boundary of the Forest, marked out by the fence we see stretching across our road. Gilpin tells us that the cottages which fringe the narrow fence were built by encroaching squatters, and that the Duke of Bedford tried in vain to rid the Forest of them. But as a Tipperary cabin of 1865 gives little notion of the wretched hovels which abounded in the bog country, until the famine year and its consequences swept their occupiers westward, so in the modern New Forest cottage we find small likeness to the last century hut, where — " No hearth the fire, no vent the smoke receives, The walls are wattle, and the covering leaves , For if such hut, our forest statutes say, Rise in the progress of one night and day, The builder claims the unenviable boon To tenant dwelling, framed so slight and soon, As wigwam wild, that shrouds the native frore On the bleak coast of frost-barr'd Labrador." The privileges enjoyed by the Abbot of Beaulieu of the return of writs, and of being without the regard of the Forest, passed with the manors to their modern lords, so that neither sheriff's writ might run nor Forest officer exercise authority within the fence. So strictly, even at this present day, are the limits of the manor observed that within certain cottages which stand across the boundary line wooden posts are fixed, and from time to time renewed, to mark the exact division between the manor and the Forest. As we approach nearer the Beaulieu river we begin to see that the Cistercians, when they settled themselves at Beaulieu, did not depart from their custom of choosing for their retreats lovely sites of quiet and peaceful beauty. They have passed from amongst us, their favourers and revilers are gone, the satires of the Archdeacon of Oxford, who swore to do justice to all mankind, Jews and Cistercians excepted, are half-forgotten, their description as — Culius his exterior rudis et abjectus, Cibus est austerior, et stratus neglectus, Sermo quoque parcior, et vix intellectus, Nullus ordo sanctior, nullus tarn perfeclus, is now but an old obsolete rhyme ; all which notwithstanding the grey monks have left us more graceful memories than survive of the brethren of any other religious order. As the very name Benedictine suggests to us thoughts of ponderous tomes, so the word Cistercian carries with it associations of quiet woodland sites, and — " Shadowy glades Free from rude care and mirth." L 2 76 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Approach to The river now lies immediately before us, with the village of Beaulieu to its west. On our right we see the old buttressed wall between which and the river bank winds the road ; farther on, the ancient refectory of the abbey, now used as a modern parish church, and beyond it the abbot's house, standing within the strangely- turreted court wall with which an ancestor of the present owner surrounded the old mansion. Turning to the right into the path once shaded by the fine avenue of which some traces may yet be discerned, we leave the Duke's House to our left, and pass outside the western wall of the abbey buildings. To the north of the cloisters we see traced out in the turf, with great care and precision, the foundation lines of the old Abbey Site of the church. Of that church nothing is now to be seen except two or three solitary ey c urc . stoneg ajj0ut; ^e field, one of them marking the corner of the north transept, some parts of the southern wall, built into the north wall of the still-existing structures, and in three places the church floor paved with encaustic tiles from which the over lying earth has been carefully removed. From the foundation plan it seems that the Abbey church ended eastward in a semicircular apse. The graves of former abbots of Beaulieu and other personages of note are marked by stakes driven into the ground at their eastern and western extremities. Amongst the graves so distinguished is that which contained (I am told that it contains still) the remains of, some say- — but the legend of Fontevrault is against them — Queen Elinor, and others, apparently with more reason, Isabella, third daughter to William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke. The abbey wall. To the north-east and north-west of the church portions of the old northern wall of the abbey are yet standing. Much nearer and to the north are the ruins of a barn, or some such building, which passes by the names of the " Abbey Brewhouse," or " Monks' Vinepress." The "vineyards" lie beyond. An aqueduct running north ward has been traced, by which water was supplied to the " Vinepress." The site of the Abbey market-place is still known as the Cheapside. From the site of the church we pass southward through a doorway, and find our- The cloisters, selves in a quadrangle, once the cloister — now, alas ! a cloisterless court. Standing. within it we note the seven — or, rather, as they stand now, the six — arches of the northern wall, with on either side an arched doorway into the church. To the east we have the three beautiful early English arches by which access was given to the chapter-house. Here, as at Netley, Binstead and Caen stone, with Purbeck marble for shafts, were the materials of the building:. North of the chapter-house lay the sacristy, whence there was an entrance into the south transept of the church. The transept staircase led, perhaps, as at Netley, to the scribe's chamber. At the south-east corner of the cloisters was the entrance to the washing-place of the monks. To the west lies a range of buildings of which the northern part, with its ivy- i3 THE NEW FOREST. 77 covered gable, has the appearance from without of a very early sixteenth century Burman's house. The lower part, or great hall, passes as the "cellars;" the upper was, perhaps, a dormitory, or the guest chamber.1 Separated by a passage lies to the south the part of the building known as the " kitchen." From the cloisters southward the old iron gate gave access to the refectory. In the refectory, now used as the parish church of St. Bartholomew, the beautiful The refectory thirteenth century pulpit, with its staircase, screened by the Purbeck marble shafts of its lovely arcade, deserves very special notice. At Rievaulx Abbey, to the south of the refectory, there "is a recess for the reading pulpit, and the staircase to it, similar to that now remaining at Beaulieu." Unluckily the refectory was restored — that is to say, mutilated and disfigured — a little before the middle of the last century. The ugly buttress at Beaulieu was put up 1743. Among memorials of past benefactors of the abbey there remains the escutcheon of William of Wykeham — two chevrons between three roses. The bell, fit for a schoolhouse, is specially mentioned in an account of the abbey as it was in 1648, which occurs in a manuscript collection of Sussex pedigrees. The present churchyard is probably the site of the old abbey kitchen and offices. In the last century people's attention used to be attracted by the strange monu ment built by John, the then Duke of Montague, in honour of one Mary Dore, the wise woman of Beaulieu, who died about 1742. We now return to the road, and pass by the old ivy-covered south or water gate of the abbey, behind which stands the so-called Abbot's House, enclosed with its The Duke's cumbrous moat and wall, rounded off at the corners by heavy and ugly turrets of ouse' comparatively recent date. The doorway and canopied niche overhead, and the guest hall to which it opens, should be noticed. The causeway over which now we pass heads up the river to the north, so that at The causeway. low water there is a brimming expanse of water above the bridge, while below it lies a channeled mud-bank, through which a narrow stream finds its way to the sea. We now trace the history of the abbey of which we have just examined the remains. So far as I can ascertain, the first appropriation of land at Beaulieu was in 1200, (1) Such at least appears to be the most probable So at Netley the so-called refectory and kitchen south explanation of " Burman's house." But it would re- of the chapter house are supposed by some to have been quire a knowledge of Cistercian houses far wider and the parlour and wardrobe of the abbey, whilst the site of more particular than I can hope ever to acquire to the real refectory and kitchen are referred to the south- settle definitely the names and uses of all those buildings, westward. That arrangement would in two important of which at Beaulieu and Netley we see the ruins. points show a likeness between the daughter and mother At Beaulieu it is not even well ascertained whether houses, in each the refectory running south from the the abbot's lodging really occupied the site of the middle of the south cloister wall, and the parlour being duke's house, there being some reason for supposing divided by a row of columns into two parts. But tradi- that it stood, as at Netley, to the eastward of the church. tion in that matter differs from the ecclesiologist's theory. 78 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. when Geoffrey, son to Richard, who was son to Laner, obtained a charter for thirty acres in Beaulieu Forest. origin of the Immediately afterwards the Cistercians obtained the grant of a site for an abbey ey" in the New Forest. The legend goes that King John, having maltreated some Cistercian abbots at the parliament of Lincoln, was so terrified with a dream about the crime and its consequences, that he resolved to make amends by giving one hundred marks towards founding at Beaulieu a house for thirty monks. But whatever might have been John's real reasons for founding the abbey of Beaulieu, it is certain that he showed it very special marks of his favour. No sooner had the thirty Cistercians accepted the site offered to them in the wild wastes of the Forest than he conferred upon that retreat of their order all manner of privileges. Original limits In his original grant, January 25, 1204-5, he laid down the limits of the abbey of its precmcts. precmctSj as bounded by the sea, down to low- water mark, by the stream of Colgu- melmor (Colgrim's mere), or Freshwater, thence to Wolfwarelane ; then to the west ward head of Bromhaye ; and thence by the ditch up to the long ford ; and thence to the ditch which King Richard began to make above the stream flowing from Huppeley, thence to Hariford (Hartford north of Beaulieu ?) ; and then right athwart to the source of the Shire burn (the Exe, or Beaulieu river?), which flows down to the abbey ; and thence right down to the channel of the ditch over which the abbey stands. At the same time the king gave the monks the manors1 of Great and Little Farendon, Great and Little Coxwell, the vills of Schulton and Inglesham, with their belongings. With that gift went the churches of Schulton and Inglesham, and the chapel of Coxwell. He also gave them all his property at Langeford. Besides all which, the king bestowed on the abbey all the privileges, liberties, and immunities of soc sac tol, &c, &c, exemption from all manner of suits and services, the defores tation of all their holdings, freedom from all tolls, &c, the right of escheats and forfeitures, and, in fine, all the fullest privileges which in such cases the sovereign might confer upon a specially favoured subject. The actual date of the foundation is thus given in one account : — " Anno gratia millesimo cciij'0 fundatur abbathia de Bello loco regis per dictum Regem Johannem ad quern locum circa, festum Penthecostem venit Conventus cumproprio Abbate de Cisterc'." In the course of 1 204 the king gave many gifts to the Cistercians of Beaulieu. On June 8 corn, at Wareham, to the value of thirty marks (ad instaurandam Abbaciam), providing for its transport by sea, and forbidding any commutation of the (1) In 1203 (?) the Abbot of King's Beaulieu obtained community, that on November 2, 1203, the king granted a grant of the land of Selferston belonging to Ferendon their house, with its appendant manor, &c, to the mother manor in Oxfordshire. house at Citeaux, but very soon afterwards transferred it It appears that originally certain Cistercians had to his new and favourite foundation at Beaulieu, by which settled themselves at Farendon and held the manor in thenceforward Farendon Priory was held as a cell. THE NEW FOREST. 79 grant into a money payment. On July 28 seizin was granted to the abbot of some ?dJ£dfo^J^t land belonging to their manor of Farendon, which the king had given to John de Priaulx (Pratellis) ; at the same time the king gave them a gold chalice. On September 12, W. de Wrotham, Archdeacon of Taunton, &c.,was ordered to give the abbot twenty-three marks and tenpence. On October 23 the abbot was ordered one hundred marks towards the construction of the abbey, and in December an order was issued to William de Bruse (Breaus, Breaut' *) to give the bearer (a Beaulieu monk) one hundred cows and ten bulls for the abbey dairy. Soon afterwards another order, of date January 29, 1205, was directed to William The monks de Breuss, giving the monks twenty cows and two bulls. The bishop of the diocese, Godfrey de Lucy, left to the Beaulieu monks, by will, fifty marks, which William de Cornhill was, on April 6, 1205, ordered to pay them —money, out of the episcopal revenues. On August 16 the king, then at Worcester, entreated the Cistercian abbots throughout his dominions to give what help they could to the new abbey of their order which he was founding at Beaulieu. Immediately afterwards he gave the Abbot of Beaulieu seven marks and a half by one order, and fifty marks in a further order, besides a large grant of wheat. —corn, On January 20, 1206, the cellarer of Beaulieu received an order for the first of the many tuns of wine which from time to time the king's prisage officers at South and wine. ampton were commanded to furnish to the monks of Beaulieu nominally, for the purpose of being used in the celebration of mass. Another order, of March 9, gave the abbot sixty marks in repayment of certain moneys which he had spent in the king's service at the court of Rome (versus curiam Romanam). On October 30, 1207, a grant was made to the abbot of three teams (tres Caracas) which had belonged to the Bishop of Exeter. Twenty days afterwards a corn order in favour of the monks was sent to the Archdeacon of Stafford, and on November 25 both orders were repeated in the grant to Beaulieu of oxen and corn (ad tres carucas et bladum trium carucaram) off one of the episcopal manors. In 1208 the king, whilst staying at the mother house2 of the English Cistercians, (1) The de Molis and Braose families were allied in may be supposed the scene of the story told, with what marriage, William de Braose married Agnes, sister to truth it matters not to inquire, of certain strange passages Roger de Molis. Their son was Giles de Braose. The between Henry II. and a Cistercian abbot. The king William de Braose, who died in 1322, left a daughter belated in the chase, and finding himself alone, sought, in Alina, who was twice married. By the first husband she the character of a knight of the king's train, and obtained was mother to John de Mowbray. Her second husband a night's shelter in the abbey. At supper the abbot was Richard de PeBcall. and king in pledging each other found it convenient for (2) Waverley Abbey, the mother house of English the old English formula of wesheil and drincheil, to Cistercians, stood just without the bounds of our county, substitute the shorter words pril and writ. Upon the near, or, rather, within, the king's hunting grounds, king's return home he requited the abbot's hospitality by which extended, as their remains do still, through the summoning him to court, and there, to his utter confusion, northern part of the ancient Andred wood. At Waverley challenged him to drink in the abbey fashion, abbas pater, 80 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. BeaulieuAbbey. Further grants issued an order by which he restored to the monks throughout England all the lands, &c, which had been seized by occasion of the interdict. At that time we find the Abbot of Beaulieu, with servants and five horses, going to Dover, and thence furnished by the bailiffs of the port with transport beyond seas, whither he was bound on the king's service. The building works at Beaulieu, which had languished during the troubles of the kingdom, were now pressed onward, the king laying upon the wardens his especial orders not to let the work stand still for lack of money. The abbot was that year absent from Beaulieu, being engaged on the king's affairs at Rome. We find him, by order of November 11, receiving thirty marks for himself, thirty in repayment of money which he had expended in fees or vails, and 40s. to buy a palfrey. A further land grant was made to the monks, or rather to the bishop, on June 21, 1213, which gave one hundred acres of moor to make pasture land for the monks, permitting them to choose it where it might best suit them, and to enclose it with a ditch. Again, in 1213, an order dated Bishopstoke, June 30, gave the wardens of the works four hundred marks, to be paid by Michaelmas that year, and five hundred marks due by Michaelmas in the next year. That year the Abbot of Beaulieu was again absent on the king's affairs. We find a notice, of date August 10, of payment made to him, the Bishop of Norwich, and Peter de Maulay, the king's envoys to Flanders. Next year a prior was elected. The king, by order dated from Porchester, commanded that four or six of the monks should be deputed to make their elec tion in the presence of the Abbot of St. Mary Carlisle, Richard, Abbot of York, Henry, Abbot of Beaulieu, Richard, Abbot of Selby, William Briwer, and William de Cantilupe. Anastasius was prior in the autumn of 1216. We find an order of October 30 giving him £100 towards the building of the abbey church. A like order was given him as abbot on November 4. Brother Aszon had in like manner received £100 for building costs on September 4. In 1215 fifty marks were, April 9, granted to the monks for the reparation of their church. Such was the affection borne by John to his own foundation of Beaulieu, that within its precincts — so at least my author reports — he caused the body of his own mother, Elinor, to be buried.1 Election of a prior. Furtherbenefactions. dico tibi pril; and, much to the scandal of all sober- minded persons present, obliging the unhappy churchman to answer wril. Whereupon the example set by the great men being quickly followed, there set in amongst knights and monks the merry interchange of pril and wril ; whereof it came that sic igitur ex hospitio tant casualiter advecti fortuita preesentia crevit dicta domus forsan in mundana substantia, sed mala decrevit apud bonos viros et discretos omnes, talem potandi provoca- tionem et tarn inordinatum primum hi abbatia postmodum autem admirationem irrisoriam in curiafactam audienies. (1) Some have supposed that in a skeleton discovered THE NEW FOREST. 81 In the important embassy sent by King John to Pope Innocent, September 13, The abbot 1215, the Abbot of Beaulieu stood fourth of the envoys; and in that capacity, as proctor for the king at the fourth council of Lateran, exhibited articles against the Archbishop of Canterbury.1 John's son, Henry, carried on vigorously the work which his father had begun. Thus, on March 15, 1217, for the benefit of his father's soul, he ordered his warden Henry III. of the equicium, or herd of horses (stud or stables seems not the appropriate word for j>'™8 ' ie ,non s a collection of New Forest ponies), to give until November, 1220, all the profits of the establishment to the monks of Beaulieu. The consecration next year of Abbot Henry as Bishop of Carlisle was an important The abbot event in the history of the abbey. We find him on February 17, 1219, designated as J^,'8 a " Henricus quondam Abbas Belli Loci," and read elsewhere that, " Anno MCCXVIII, Abbas quondam Belli Loci datur Ecclesice de Carduil in Episcopum a Legato Guald, iv. nonas Augusti." In 1219 the abbot was, with Mr. Thomas de Lichefield, employed on a mission to France, for the expenses of which they were, on May 2, ordered ten marks. The home-lying lands of the abbey were about this time somewhat extended, as we gather from the order given December 10, 1219, to the sheriff to go the bounds of the additional land desired by the monks, and make a return of its size and limits. Next year, in November 7, Henry de Lyndhurst received orders to let the monks The monks make sbfossatum, enclosing the land which they had taken in from the Forest. grauts 0f LiZ On November 23, 1220, the king gave the abbot fifty marks for the church, and a,ld money- soon afterwards charged the Abbot of Kirkstall to pay the Abbot of Beaulieu, towards building his church, seventeen marks and a half out of the fee farm rent which he owed to the king for certain of the manors held by Kirkstall Abbey. Next year, on January 31, the king ordered John de Monmouth to let the abbot have, towards building his church, £10, which at Michaelmas he had received from the king's New Forest dairy, instead of £10 which Henry de Lyndhurst had been ordered to pay quamdiu nobis placuerit. Five days before that date, the king had given a life grant to the Abbot of Beaulieu of a two days' fair, to be yearly held in Farendon manor at the Feast of The Abbot's St. Luke, on October 17 and 18. fair- We find on November 14 in that same year an order given to the barons of the exchequer to reckon to the credit of the Abbot of Kirkstall, in his account of fee farm rents from Colington and Bardsey, £70 which in three years he had paid to Philip de Ulecot,2 and £90 which he had, according to the king's order, paid to the Abbot of Beaulieu for the furtherance of his church building. near the site of the high altar they have found the videlicet de Bello loco, Thomas de Herdintona et Gode- remains of Queen Elinor. fridus de Craucumbe, milites, consianter accusantes eum (1) In hoc consilio sleterunt contra archivepiscopum de conniventia baronum Anylia. Canluariensem procuratores regis Anglorum, abbas (2) Philip Ulecot, who sided with John against his VOL III. M 82 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The prior's importance. The former abbot dies. Sanctuarydisputes. The abbot on embassy. Further grants, It would seem that the active man in abbey matters was the prior, the abbot probably having too much to do elsewhere. Thus we find in 1221 the king paying Robert Blunden 9a?. for taking his message to the prior at Beaulieu, and as much to Norman for going to Farendon with a message for the said prior.1 The exemption from all hidage granted by King John was confirmed to the monks of Beaulieu in 1221. In 1222 a charter of common of pasture in the New Forest was granted. When the Bishop of Carlisle, the Henricus quondam Abbas de Bello Loco, died, the Prior of Beaulieu, with Brother William and others of Beaulieu Abbey, the Abbot of Fountains, and the priors of Wederhal and Lanercost, executed his will. In 1223, on August 17, John de Monmouth was ordered to allow the abbot and monks of Beaulieu such free pasturage in the New Forest for their beasts and sheep, animalia etpecora, as they had enjoyed in King John's time. The question of sanctuary right soon turned up as an element of contention between the king and the abbot. A certain homicide having fled to the church of Langford, was there, without the king's leave, admitted by the Bailiff of Farendon to abjuration of the realm, whereupon, on August 20, 1224, process against the Abbot of Beaulieu was ordered. In 1225 the Abbot of Beaulieu was again abroad on the king's service, receiving twenty marks for his expenses. His colleagues in the embassy were William, Bishop of Carlisle, Henry Chancellor of London, Nicholas de Molis, and W. de Kirkham. In that year, on December 29, it was ordered that the grant of £90 from Kirkstall should, until further orders were given, still be paid at Easter and Michael mas — an order which we find repeated September 18, 1226, and August 8, 1227. On May 7, and again November 15, 1225, an order was given for John de Monmouth to receive and give to the Abbot of Beaulieu, as assigned in 1223, towards building his church, £10 yearly from the farm of Henry de Lyndhurst. We find the order repeated October 8, 1226. We soon afterwards find an order, dated May 25, 1226, for the abbot to pay Robert de Dene twenty marks, according to the instructions which William the earl- marshal had given by letter. Brother William of Beaulieu figures under this year as the king's envoy to France, being ordered on May 3 two, and on July 4 ten marks, for his expenses. His abbot, bound on a like mission, was on June 5 ordered £10 for expenses brother Richard, is supposed to have derived his terri torial name from Holecote, Ulecote, Ullecot, UUecote, Olecotes, Onlecotes, Dulecotes (as in the seventeenth century it was called), or Oldcoats (the name by which now it is known) in Nottinghamshire. (1) Supposing the Beaulieu in question to be that of our history. Some confusion has at times been made between Beaulieu Abbey in the New Forest, Hampshire, Beaulieu Abbey in Preaulx Forest, Normandy, and Beaulieu (more anciently called Milbrook) Priory in Bedfordshire. Just so, as we have seen, Netley in HantB and Notley in Bucks, Romsey, Hants, and Ramsey, Hunts ; Wincestre and Wircestre (Winchester and Worcester) ; Southampton by the Itchen, the Sonth- amptons near Overton and Alresford, and Southampton, Devonshire ; the New Forest in Hampshire and New Forest Manor in Yorkshire, Lyndhnrst in Staffordshire and the New Forest capital,— are confused together. THE NEW FOREST. 83 Brother Simon, canon of Beynham (Bayham, on the Kentish border of Sussex ?), who went with him, receiving five marks. During the abbacy of Hugh, Pope Innocent III. recognised and confirmed to the The Popes con- monks by bull the king's grant of terram angulorum infra Novam Forestam, with the J'J'he'ir m0I'k9 lands of Farendon and their belongings (Little Farendon, the Coxwells, &c). privileges. Exemption from tithe, liberty of receiving into the order, with power of detaining, such persons as they chose, and other privileges of the kind, independence of the bishop, with provision for the performance of episcopal functions within the abbey, were by that bull granted to the Cistercians of Beaulieu. Gregory IX., by a bull dated at the Lateran, December 18, 1230, prohibited the archdeacons and other secular clerks of Winchester, Lincoln, and Salisbury dioceses from taking any fines, penalties, or other money payments, from the monks of Beaulieu Regis.1 The grant of a fair to be held at Farendon on St. Luke's Day and Eve was renewed September 20, 1227. By desire of Henry III., Gregory, by a bull dated at Avignon (?), September 23, Provision made 1232, granted to the Cistercians of Beaulieu, towards paying off a debt of four bring paid e U thousand marks and more into which they had run through the costly magnificence of their minster, or rather of its beginnings, the rectories of Schulton and Inglesham, with the chapel of Coxwell, in the dioceses of Salisbury and Lincoln, the life interests of the then rectors reserved, and proper allowances being made for vicars in time to come. In consequence of which bull we find the Bishop of Salisbury, in February, 1243, settling the endowments of the vicarages of the said parishes. In 1234 the king granted the Abbot of Beaulieu, to hold in mortmain, one Further grants ploughland of a hundred acres, lying within the bailiwick of Richard Foillet (Foliot),2 c°j9tercians of in the New Forest. Beaulieu. A charter touching the lands of Soleton and Flexlond dates from 1234. On January 22, 1235-6, the king confirmed to the monks of Beaulieu then- lands, and their privilege of receiving yearly one tun of wine from the Southampton prisage officers. Right of free warren in his demesnes of Farendon, and the right of from time to time levying such tallages at Farendon as would be paid to the king were the manor in royal demesne, were granted to the abbot, February 12, 1235-6. In the charter of January 18, 1238, Henry III. declared that the Forest privileges granted to the Beaulieu monks by King John were to be taken as including a right of common pasture all through the year, for all their live stock, except goats, in the (1) And that they should not recipient pecuniam, a (2) We shall by-and-by find other notices of the tenmtibus nostris, says the writer of a beautiful little Folliotts in Hampshire. In the thirteenth century manuscript, in which is given a full account of the Walter Foliot held by forty days' service in England of a Beaulieu Abbev manors in Berks. man-at-arms. M 2 84 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. other r ha. tered New Forest and la Bere de Porcester. He also gave them the rights of wreck and tcfthe monks, waif, the liberty of chase within their precincts, and right of turbary and bruery in the Forest. Further, he granted to them a prospective exemption, within any lands they might afterwards acquire, of attendance upon the sheriff's turn suit of court, and view of frankpledge. All which privileges were protected under penalty by providing that any one interfering with them should be fined twenty pounds of sterlings. To that deed John de Lacy, Constable of Chester, William, Earl of Warren, Simon de Montfort, and others, were among the witnesses. At Beauheu great part of Isabella, Countess of Gloucester, third daughter to William Marshall, wife of Richard, Earl of Cornwall, who died at Berkhampstead, January (or February 18?), 1239, was buried (p. 76). Her heart was buried at Tewkesbury. In 1310 the Abbot of Beaulieu fixed 20s. with the king for leave to enter upon certain tenements at Whippingham. We next find the abbey of Beaulieu, in 1311, acquiring a messuage and fourteen acres of land at Upton, and seven acres at Holbury, by the gift of Roger Bernewall. In 1315 or 1316 they received from William Hippeley land at Hippeley, the suit of court at Lyndhurst, and a messuage at Southampton. Other grants in favour of the abbey were made 1310, 1311, 1313, 1316, 1318. In 1322, amongst charters granted to the Prior of Christchurch Twynham, the Abbot of Quarr, and others, was one allowing the Abbot of Beaulieu Regis to occupy and cultivate certain plots (some 223^ acres in extent, prius arestatis). He paid ten marks fine for the license. Consecration of In 1246, on June 23, or June 17,1 as others say, the Abbey church of Beaulieu church. ey Regis was consecrated with great pomp by William de Raleigh, Bishop of Winchester. The abbot expended some five hundred marks on the cost of the celebration. About that time he received a charter for 239 acres in the New Forest. Abbots of Beaulieu sat in the parliaments of 1264, 1303, and thenceforward throughout the fourteenth and part of the fifteenth centuries. The abbot turns In 1277 the Abbot of King's Beaulieu paid forty marks fine for his trespass upon poacher. ^e forest Qf fae king and Queen Elinor by making three breccas in his close, there setting up stathias and engines, and driving the forest deer into the said close, and by the said engines catching them — all done without leave of the king and queen. Abbey holdings. In 1290 the Hampshire possessions of the Abbot of Beaulieu were reckoned as — Beaulieu Close, £66 13s. 4a?. ; Burgate Grange, £8 13s. 4a?. ; Colebury Grange, £2 Soberton Grange, £15 ; Holbury Grange, £4; Upton Grange, 13s. 4a?. ; Wyppingham Grange, £1 ; rents at Southampton, £2. The other church holdings of the abbey were thus reckoned : — (1) It must be remembered that the dedication feast bishop consecrated the church for divine offices. Its year! lasted several days, including that on which actually the commemoration commouly lasted three days. THE NEW FOREST. 85 Deaneby of Witney. Abbey holdings £ s. d. in 1290. Schulton rectory 768 Sulston lands, rents, and pannage . . 9 7 8 Sulston profits of herds and flocks 4 0 0 Archdeaconby of Suffolk. Little Yarmouth houses and fisheries . . . . 6 13 4 Diocese of Exetek. Keverauns (St. Kervan's) taxed at . . . 11 11 8 Diocese of Salisbury. Inglesham rectory . . ... 10 0 0 The vicarage was worth ... 468 Farndon (at Westbroolwych) . .... 48 6 8 Cokeswell • ¦ 40 5 0 Inglesham ¦ . 2 10 0 In 1294 the Abbots of Beaulieu and Quarr obtained fresh charters from the king. Recital of In 1298 the Abbot of King's Beaulieu obtained leave to hold in mortmain, enclose, ur er s'an and assart sixty acres at Nutley, near Norbiry (?), within the Forest. But the Magna Charta of the Beaulieu monks was that of February 23, 1328-9, exemplified 1357, by which all their earlier grants were confirmed to them. On November 7, 1331, the Abbot of Beaulieu successfully maintained before the king's justices his claims to all those rights and immunities, forest privileges, jurisdiction, &c, which had been granted to him by the charters already recounted. As we have seen, the Abbot of Beaulieu was chief commissioner in the assessment of 1340, his colleagues being Matthew Fitz Herbert, Richard de Beaufey, Roger de Tichbourn, Henry de Wells, the Abbot of Titchfield, and Henry de Hoo. Another Beaulieu charter, touching tenements in Wyppingham and Middleton, dates from 1367* In 1375 a certified statement was given of the ample liberties granted to the abbot in Cornwall. Other Beaulieu charters, granted in this century, were those of 1344 (a charter of confirmation), 1379, and 1380. In that of 1380 a full confirmation was given of the charters of 1235 and 1239, neither of which had been envoked. In 1391 the abbey was granted common of pasture in Bere Forest for their tenants at Soberton. The charter of 1400, quoting two earlier charters, gave very ample confirmation of privileges to the abbey, and, amongst others, of the lands held within the New Forest, with the limits of lands and abbey laid down. In 1422 the monks got into trouble for receiving the legacy of East Hamelford Manor, Isle of Wight, without having obtained from the king any license to hold it in mortmain. 86 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Beaulieumarket. Sanctuary at Beaulieu. Privilege of Beaulieu dogs. Princess Mary at Beaulieu. Value of the abbey revenues, The abbey suppressed. The abbey seal, The abbey library. A grant of June 1, 1468, gave them a weekly Thursday market within their abbey close, and confirmed their rights of common of pasture in Bere and Porchester Forests, with other privileges touching which certain questions had arisen. The sanctuary rights of Beaulieu were granted by Innocent III. Besides Perkin Warbeck (vol. ii. p. 261) and others of name, we find the wife of the famous Lord Warwick fleeing to it for refuge. On the day of the field ofBarnet, 1471, she went to Southampton, and thence to Beaulieu. Some writers report that Margaret of Anjou took sanctuary at Beaulieu. Jasper of Hatfield, Earl of Pembroke, with Edmund, Duke of Somerset, and other Lancastrians, went to Margaret, in sanctuary at Beau lieu (?), after the battle of Barnet Field. It appears from. Leland that St. Keverin (Kevern), in Cornwall, a cell to Beaulieu, had a privileged sanctuary. On December 15, 1483, probably in consequence of the abbey having sheltered the enemies of the Yorkist faction, the Abbot of Beaulieu was summoned before the council to explain his claim of sanctuary. Henry VII. gave or confirmed to the Abbot of Beaulieu exemption from expedita tion for his dogs. So afterwards, at Burgate and elsewhere, dogs belonging to the lords of the Beaulieu Abbey lands and their men were not subject to lawing. The Princess Mary was staying at Beaulieu when her household of 160 persons was dissolved. The dissolution was spoken of as a future probable thing in an order of December 2, 1533. Just before the suppression of Beaulieu Abbey, John Browning being then abbot, it was valued in gross at £428 6s. 8\d. ; reprisals, by way of alms, fees, and other payments coming to £101 13s. 5^d. The last Abbot of Beaulieu was Thomas Stevens, who, upon the suppression of his house, received a pension of one hundred marks, payable till he should be other wise provided for. The second in order of the monks who signed the deed of surrender, April 2, 1538, was one Thomas Searle. He was granted a pension of £6 yearly. The seal of Beaulieu Abbey affixed to the deed of surrender April 2, 1538, bore the common representation of a Virgin and Child canopied, with figures in adoration on either side also under canopies : a common form of seal, suggested, it would almost seem, by the triptych. Below the triptych, if one may so call it, was an escutcheon bearing the abbey coat. The ancient coat of Beaulieu Abbey has been revived by the Bishop of Newcastle (some time perpetual curate of Beaulieu) as the bearings of his colonial see. It appears by Leland's account that the Beaulieu library was composed mainly of commentaries upon parts of the Bible. Amongst other books belonging to the abbey two may be specified — one volume containing a life of Bishop Wilfrid, and Edmer's life of Anselm and Damascenus de gestis Barlaam et Josaphat. The curacy of St. Bartholomew, at Beaulieu, was in the gift of the abbey. THE NEW FOREST. Si On July 29, 1538, the king gave Beaulieu manor, &c, with the exception of its Beaulieu passes rectory and patronage of the donative curacy, to Thomas Wriothesley. He after- ^e ^"°" wards granted to him the tithes, at a rent of £10 5s. 8a?., and the twentieth part of a knight's fee. The details of the abbey property within the county of Southampton, in 1540, vaiueof its ran thus :— Hampshire £ ,. d. h0ldlDg9- Farm of Beaulieu rectory 1200 „ Colebury manor 168 Tenements, garden, &c, at Southampton 5 16 8 Farm of Hilton manor 168 „ Upton manor or grange 2 3 4 „ Ippeley 2 13 4 Yearly rents at Lymington . 0 2 0 Farm of Easthamelerde (Isle of Wight) grange . . 5 6 8 Assized rents at Gorely . ... ... 71211 Farm of Freren Court manor at Fordingbridge . . 8 0 0 Bleychford farm of Freren close . . . . 6 10 0 Farm of Holbury manor 4164 „ „ wood 060 „ „ court dues ] 12 2 Customary rents at Brenner (Breamore) 21 0 8 Bleychford 0 14 4 Aven 0 13 4 Farm of Newchurch rectory,1 Isle of Wight .... 36 0 0 £118 1 1 The Beaulieu privileges of free warren, fair, and markets, and other manorial The abbots' rights at Farendon, of the hundred and manor of Farendon, were, in May 2, 1554, Bertinand"1 granted to Sir Francis Englefield. Cornwall. The Cornish possessions of the abbey were, in 1559, granted to Francis, Earl of Bedford. James I. confirmed to the Wriothesleys the grant of Beauheu made to them by his great-uncle, and added thereto the gift of the rectory and patronage of its curacy. On February 20, 1607-8, he gave to the earl all the old abbatial rights of jurisdiction at Beaulieu. It was at Beaulieu, then the seat of Henry, the third Lord Southampton, that on Royal visits. August 20, 1618, tidings were brought to the king of the detection of the murderers of Sir Thomas Overbury. In 1623, the king took occasion of being at Beaulieu to review, August 20, the fleet at Stokes Bay, returning by Calshot. The patent by which the Dalhousie family hold their barony of Ramsay was signed at Beaulieu, August 25, 1618. From the Southampton family Beaulieu ; passed by marriage to Ralph, Lord Montague, and thence through Lady Beaulieu (daughter to John, the second Duke of (1) The Vicarage of Newchurch, held in 1 535 by John tithes, offerings, &c, £11, subject to 21*. id. for procu- Clerke, was then worth yearly in farm of glebe land, rations, and a yearly pension charged on the benefice. 88 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The road to Brockenhurst. Bucklershard. St. Leonard's. Park Farm. Montague, and widow of her cousin William, second Duke of Manchester) and her sister the Duchess of Buccleugh, to its present owners. We now begin our journey from Beaulieu Abbey by Brockenhurst to Christchurch. We first cross the river, and going a little westward through Beaulieu village, turn to look back upon the grey mass of building as it stands out from the dark green ot the woods beyond and around. From Beaulieu we shall in part retrace our way towards Lymington, thence, passing by Milford and Milton, to Christchurch. We have the choice of three roads — the roundabout St. Leonard's way, by which we should pass the Bouvery, Bucklers- hard, and the Bargery ; the road lying north of it, which would take us straight to Lymington, and the cross forest track by Brockenhurst and Boldre. For the sake of its picturesque scenery we will choose the third. The St. Leonard's road is interesting chiefly through its course taking us past two old grange chapels, those of St. Leonard's and Park Farm. We pass the Bouverie, or Beaulieu Abbey cattle farm on our right, and by-and-by leave to our left Bucklershard, where formerly some shipbuilding was done. Many ships of war have been built at Bucklershard, some pierced for as many as 50 or 64, and one, the Illustrious, carrying 74 guns. An attempt was last century made to found a seaport town at Bucklershard, which, being within the liberties of Beaulieu, would have shared in all the privileges belonging to the Cinque Ports, and have had, as belonging to the Duke of Montague, exclusive rights of trade with his Island of St. Lucia. But, in 1763, the peace put an end to the duke's hopes of a West India trade, and so fell all plans of the great seaport at Bucklershard. Then continuing our road southward, we come to the abbey grange of St. Leonard's, or "Abbey Walls " — a place which Cobbett declared " one of the finest that ever was seen in this world." Part of a large thirteenth (?) century barn may be noticed at the grange, and close by it, built out of the ruins of an earlier building, the remains of a small fourteenth century chapel, with canopied niches and other details of much beauty still to be seen. Farther on stands the Park Farm grange. Its chapel, built some five centuries and a half ago, was pulled down within living memory. Some of its stones may be seen at Beaulieu.1 Alexander IV., by a bull dated at Avignon (?) July, 1254, gave the Cistercian abbeys license to celebrate the divine offices in their granges and elsewhere, provided that the rights of and attendance at the parish churches were not thereby interfered with. Just beyond the Park Farm lies the Bargery, or abbey sheep-farm. (1) Another very interesting Beaulieu Abbey grange is extant at Coxwell. 1HSE GTS. DRAWN BY J.O.WESTWOOD. ENGRAVED BY F SMITH. 1 Drypta emarginata 5 . Myrcne&onia Ha-worthi. 9 . Eulepia cribrum. 2. Emus hirtus . 6. Cicada ^xs-mala&szfshskdy mafmAaij 10. Heterogenia asellus 3. Lymnasum mgropiceirm 7 Cleora viduana. 11. Milesia speciosa t . Anthraxia niudula. 8. Agrotis lumgera. 12. Subula maculata 13 . Pmlanthus triangulum FROM BEAULIEU TO CHRISTCHURCH. EETURNING- from this digression, we resume our way by the cross forest track, westward. We soon come to the fence which divides the abbey manor from the Forest, and passing through the lodge gates, make the best of our way over the wastes of the Forest, here and there passing by some of the new enclosures.1 Lady Cross to our right reminds us that, to borrow the words of Sir Walter Scott, " Here The halidome stood the cross, the limits of the halidome of St. Mary's." Instead of going on to Brockenhurst, with its church spire half screened from view to the southward by the dark green masses of its neighbouring yew-tree, we turn off to the left, and passing by the large, lonely church of Boldre, cross the stream at the mill bridge, and by a way, hardly to be called a lane, come out on the main road. We may now look on the Forest as fairly left behind us. We shall, indeed, skirt it in our farther progress along the coast and up the western border of our county, but within its actual limits we shall not again have occasion to set foot. We have passed through its nine bailiwicks and their fifteen walks, have tried to fancy the Forest as it was in the old days, when vert and venison were very serious matters of charge, and how, even yet — " Merry it is in the good greenwood, Where the mavis and merle are singing, When the deer sweep by, and the hounds are in cry, And the hunter's horn2 is ringing." (I) An enclosure earlier than those noticed p. 31, the New Forest, dined with the N. F. H. at the King's of three hundred acres, as a nursery for young oaks, was House, Lyndhurst. made by order of Charles II., given to Sir John Norton, It may be observed, by-the-bye, that few counties give the woodward, December 13, 1669. more diversity of hunting than Hampshire affords. Be- (2) The " hunter's horn " is not altogether an obsolete sides the half-dozen packs of foxhounds within the sound in the New Forest. Stony Cross, Bolderwood, county, and others of whose counties parts lie in Hamp- and other ancient hunters' trysting-places, are now among shire, there are several packs of harriers, one of stag- the favourite meets of the foxhounds (a strong pack of hounds (sixteen and a half couple, hunted by their owner, some fifty couple— the kennels are at Lyndhurst) hunted Mr. Nevill, of Chilland), and a small pack of otterhounds by Captain Morant. kept on the Itchen. Nor is the county without its coursing On July 22, 1188, the Duke of York, Lord Warden of districts. VOL. III. N 90 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. New Forest swine. New Forest ponies. Snakes, adders, and other reptiles. Birds of prey. Ptarmigans, grouse, and their relations. One great charm of the Forest lies in its abundance of animal life. Of half wild animals the swine and the horses may be shortly mentioned. For a full description of the Forest swine the reader must turn to Gilpin, only bearing in mind that the breed is not so wild as he describes it, and has in many ways been improved since his time. One never now-a-days sees in the Forest, or anywhere else in England, such gaunt, high ridged, unimproved, leggy creatures as abound in the country north of the Pyrenees and elsewhere, and which one is apt at a distance to mistake for lean and scraggy dogs. But in bygone times the hog of the English woods was probably not much better than those wretched looking animals. The New Forest pony is simply the modern representative of the old English horse, such as he may be found in all the wilder parts of Hampshire, and wherever else in England cultivation has left him some tolerable expanse of heath and wood land (vol. i. p. 397, and vol. ii. p. 142). Of wild mammalia there are none in the New Forest requiring any special notice. Among New Forest reptiles the Coronella loevis must be mentioned, which the Forest peasant supposes to be a cross between a viper and a snake. Of the common viper the red variety is often found in the Forest. Near Fordingbridge about one adder in ten of those killed is red. I am told that the sand lizard and natter jack are to be found in the heathy parts of the Forest. Of birds there is more variety. Besides the commoner Raptores, the peregrine falcon, the merlin, the honey buzzard, the hobby, the marsh harrier, and several owls, Otus vulgaris, Otus brachyotos, Scotophilus (?) passerina may be looked upon as New Forest birds. Although not occurring within the limits of the Forest, the osprey should be added to the list of south-west Hampshire birds of prey. About Christchurch Bay, where it has been shot, it is known as the mullet hawk. Red and grey mullet frequent the waters of the bay. One bird of prey, which in the last century was not rare in any part of England, and of which Gilpin writes as if it were common in the New Forest, has wholly disappeared, the graceful kite, or gleed. Old people still tell you — I speak now rather of northern than southern parts of our county — of the days when the kite was no unfamiliar visitant of the Hamp shire farm-yard, but they will add that they have not seen the bird for the last twenty years or more. My own knowledge of the kite's graceful flight is wholly derived from observing it on the Continent, and near the Scotch lakes. I do not know that the red grouse, Lagopus Scoticus, whose speciality it is to be found only in moorlands of the United Kingdom, ever occurred in the Forest. The Tetrao tetrix is not uncommon ; I have myself observed it in several parts of the New Forest. The black, or heath cock (heath poult, the forester calls it), with an occasional quail, ring, stock, and turtle doves, partridges — now and then a red-legged one — FROM BEAULIEU TO CHRISTCHURCH. 91 and pheasants, are the only rasores now found in the Forest. The bustard, great or little, is quite extinct. In the accompanying engraving a representation is given of Cicada hcematodes, The New Forest an insect whose only English habitat, so far as I know, is the New Forest. Its lollhoi'i'er' generic name will at once remind the reader of the strange half hiss, half jar, which is so inseparably associated with one's recollections of a summer day in the south of Europe. The children still keep, as two thousand years ago children kept, the cigala, or cigale, in cages, for the sake of his " song ;" they still tell, as they told of old, the fable of the improvident cigale, who, having sung all the summer, was, by the prudent ant, sent away to starve or dance all the winter ; and still the cicada chirps on with his old man's garrulity (II. iii. 151) as he did overhead, whilst the Socrates of Plato discoursed some of the highest poetry and deepest philosophy that ever this world knew, and as when he sang to Theocritus, and his careless life made the pseudo Anacreon place him among earth's most blessed ones. Two New Forest moths are, in the engraving, placed next to the cicada on the lefc. Cleora viduaria belongs to the geometrical moths, so called from the strange figures into which their caterpillars throw themselves. Eulepia cribrum is allied to the silkworm. But the fauna tf the New Forest must be again touched upon, and its flora discussed, in a general notice of Hampshire plants and animals. From Boldre we will cross to Pennington, leaving, Lymington to our left. We then cross the stream at Efford (formerly Ebbeford ?) 1 leaving Woodside to our left, and pass on along Evelton Street, all within the parish of Milford. Milford has already been more than once incidentally noticed. Like so many other Milford. parishes in south-west Hampshire, it belonged formerly to certain religious houses, of which the respective possessions are now distinguished as Milford Barnes, Milford Baddesley, and Milford Montague.2 Its pretty church, of eleventh and twelfth cen tury date, was granted, as we have seen, to the canons of Christchureh. In 1084, besides what Aluric held at Melleford, there was a yardland held by Ulgar. The wood, worth 12d., had been thrown into the king's forest, and its assessment reduced by one-fourth. In one way and another it was worth (1) It appears that William Spiieman held laud at Witvill, occupied formerly by Edric Cuggel. He gave Ebbeford, for we find in the thirteenth century Geoffrey them up also at the same time all the claim he had Sturmi holding the wardship of William's heirs, and their advanced to property in Sway Mill, and the mansura of villam de Ebbeford, by the serjeanty of forty days' guard Robert Tanner (or Currier), and granted them for his life of the king in England. free pasture for their mares and other animals in his William Spilemond, in the time of Henry III., held ministerium — that is, land he occupied in right of some land at Brendek by the service of finding litter for the office he held. To all which his sons Eustace, Geoffrey, king's bed and hay for his horses apud Brendek. and Walter agreed — Geoffrey, the second son, being in (2) Just so we have Sway Quarr and Sway Romsey, or some sort the purchase-money of the lands, the deed North and South Sway. setting out that for the love of Heaven and Ralph Fulche.r Ralph Fulcher granted to the monks of Quarr the the mouks took his son Geoffrey into their order in con- masura which he held at Sway of the fee of Hugh de sideration of the bargain. 92 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. to Ulgar. He had held it before the Conquest, when it was assessed at one Milford in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. K;vhaven. Hordle. 3s. yardland. The manor of Milford, belonging to Bath priory, was in 1290 valued at £5. At that time the Bishop of Salisbury held rents worth £5 at Keyhaven and Milford. The church and chapel of Milford (that is to say the rectory) was valued at £16, and the vicarage at £20. In 1328 William de Terstewode was found seized of one messuage and forty acres at Testwood or Terstwood, and the suit of the Christchurch Hundred Court, besides half the manor of Ebbeford and half certain specified possessions (fifty-two messuages, two mills, four hundred acres of arable land, &c), at Milford, East Downton, Alkerton, Ivelton, Keyhaven, Okebere, Avenemede, and Podeneye. In 1340, according to the return of John Arnewode,2 Henry Arney, William de Muleward, and William Padenore, the ninths of the parish of Muleford were worth £15 10s. Ad. The endowment of the church consisted in one messuage, twenty-four acres of arable, with rents and services worth 43s. yearly. The yearly tenths of hay, &c, with oblations and mortuaries, were reckoned at £17 lis. 8d. The ninths of the temporalities held at Milford by the Prior of Breamare were valued at 26s. 8d., and the ninths of the Prior of Christchurch at 20s. Thirty-four years afterwards, Thomas de la Ryvere (son to Richard de la Revire?) was entered as having held the manor of Ebbeford, and lands at Sheune, Exbury, and Milford, near Lymington. In 1535 Keyhaven and Leten were worth to Bath Abbey £8 5s. l^d. by the year. The sum was made up in assized rents of free and customary tenants, court dues (6s. 8d.), and fines on land (10s. 8d.) The charges on the manor were 13s. Ad. rent, paid to the prior of Wyttham, 2s. Id. to the Prior of Christchurch, and the fee of 20s. to Sir William Barkeley, the seneschal of the manor. We find on March 24, 1647-8, the manors (manor ?) of Keyhaven and (or ?) Keighaven, belonging to the see of Saruni, sold to Robert Hobman and Richard Harte for £624 3s. lid. From Milford, going westward, we pass Flexford (formerly belonging to Beaulieu), Arnwood, and Sway far off on our right, and descend southward by Hordle to the coast. The earliest notice of Hordle with which I am acquainted is that of Domesday Book, whence it appears that Hordle (Herdel) had belonged to Justin in the old days, and had been granted to Ralph de Mortimer, under whom it was occupied by Oidelard. One of its five hides had been afforested. A wood, worth 60s., and occupied formerly by six vassals to the wood, had been thrown into the Forest. The value of the manor had, from £8, lessened to 100s. To the holdings there belonged five ploughlands, six villeins, nine bordmen, with four teams, a mill, and six salterns worth 15d. (1) In the thirteenth century Niel de Bocland, Richard Bacon, Henry Long, Simon de Arnewood, and Richard de Farnhull, held at Arnwood (in Hordle parish) the quarter of a fee under the Earl of Devon. FROM BEAULIEU TO CHRISTCHURCH. 93 The modern church of Hordle was built in 1831. The site of the ancient church Hordle old will before long, in all probability, like many an old churchyard on the Norfolk coast ° urc yal " and elsewhere, have disappeared beneath the waves of the sea.1 Oaken stumps and other vestiges of woods long ago submerged all along the coast of Christchurch Bay, are continually being brought up by the dredgers. It is difficult to estimate what may be the rate at which the sea is eating away Waste of the the cliffs of Christchurch Bay. Darwin reckons the waste of the Wealden coast to be coa^f3 '" one inch in the century ; others have thought one inch in the year not an extravagant estimate of average detrition ; and, for our softest or most perishable formations, possibly nine inches in the year may be the minimum of waste. The Hampshire line of coast has, even under its present geological conditions, been much altered by encroachments of the sea on the one hand, and, on the other, the formation of small deltas through the shoaling and silting up of old river channels and estuaries. I do not know that any appearances have been observed on the Hampshire coast (such as those of the well-known Sussex beaches and the Temple of Serapis cases) which would lead us to infer that any part of the land has risen within recent time ; unless, indeed, we count among such appearances the shingle banks which lie high and dry east of Hurst Castle. The supposed subsidence of land near Portsmouth and elevation of Ryde must hereafter be discussed. In the description of old Hordle church we are told of a brass, supposed to com- The Clerkes at memorate a certain Sir Reginald le Clerke, of Hordle, who was slain in the Wars of or e' the Roses. The brass was destroyed about a century ago, when the gravestone in which it was imbedded was moved from the north transept to the east of the church. One Christopher Clerk, lord of Hordle, was buried in the churchyard in 1720. He was, at the time of his death, said to be 112 years old. I do not know whether to his family belonged William Clerke, made vicar of Sopley in 1556. His successor, appointed 1575, was Thomas Brooke. Ascending the cliff by Hordle old churchyard we have a most glorious view. Hordle cliff. Stretched out before us lies the bay of Christchurch, its deep recess half encircled by Hengistbury Head extending to the westward, and eastward by Hurst Point. Before us gleam the white cliffs of the island, with the Needles (now deserving that name no longer) standing off to the west. But the great interest of Hordle lies not in its civil or church history, nor even in its magnificent scenery, so much as in the geological structure of its broken cliffs, especially that portion which recent landslips have laid bare. Shells (lacustrine and fluviatile), bituminous wood and seed vessels, remains of mammalia, lizards, serpents, birds, have been abundantly taken from the exposed parts east of Barton and Beacon Cliffs. We are, in fact, as we go westward by Hordle, Beacon, Barton, and High cliffs, (1) One of the two St. Paul's prebends at Walton le been from time immemorial designated as Consumpta Soken, in Aduhesnasa manor, and Tendring hundred, has per mare. 94 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Crocodiles and other fearful beasts at Hordle. The tropical climate of Hordle. Succession of beds in Christ church Bav. passing along the channel of an ancient river, which then ran seaward. On its banks, amongst the huge tree-like Lycopodia, the Crocodilus Spenceri (Champsoides?) Croco- dilus Hastingsice, and (or ?) Alligator Hantoniensis lurked for the Dichodon cuspidatus, the thick-skinned Palceotherium (a creature something between a tapir and a horse), and the Anoplotherium (of enormous tail), as they came to drink; the Hyamodon prowled along for the carrion on which he lived, and serpents found their way from the dried land to the marshy borders of the stream. Farther on we pass, at Beacon Bunny, into the ancient estuary, where the brackish water teemed with turtles, whilst myriads of sharks and rays beyond sought their prey in the reeking waters of a tropical sea or basked in the shallows. Amidst the tangled jungle and the simmering lagoons of that ancient coast such forms of life prevailed as now we find scantily represented in a West African or Central American morass.1 It would obviously be improper in the present history to give any detailed and particular description of the beds of Christchurch Bay. Suffice it to state the general order of their succession without specifying the few occasional interruptions, such as that of a thin marine bed intruding itself amongst the lacustrine formations just west of Keyhaven. Due south of Hordle village we find the well-known Crocodile bed of which the name is the description. A little to the west, passing Long Mead End, we leave the freshwater deposits, and presently come upon the beds of the lower marine formation, specially charac terised by the Oliva Branderi. Farther on we find Chama squamosa — see the accompanying engraving — the characteristic fossil of the formation. Presently we come upon the Barton clay,2 with its Crassatella sulcata, Tellina Hantoniensis, &c. (see the engraving). Soon afterwards we come to the Bracklesham beds and their fossils,3 which we (1) Among the fossil shells fonnd at Hordle is Helix labyrinthica, still a living species ; that is to say, although, of course, it cannot be asserted with certainty, that the little mustard-seed-sized and very rare Helix labyrin thica of Hordle Cliffs and Headon Hill, is identical with the existing species found in Texas, Florida, and elsewhere in North America, yet there is apparently no specific difference between the fossil and the shell of the recent animal. Among fossil Helices, or snail shells, of the Hampshire eocene beds, is H. omphalos of Hordle and Freshwater, which has been wrongly identified with the North Ame rican H. striatella. (2) Among the characteristic fossils of the Barton clay the accompanying engraving represents Fusus porrectus, Fusus longavus, Voluta luctatrix, Voluta ambigua, Typhis pungens. (3) The Cardita planicosta, one of the most abundant of the Bracklesham fossils, and the Bognor fossil, Tur- ritella imbricataria (for both see the engravings), will be further noticed in connection with Alum Bay. Of other fossils represented in the engraving Planorbis euomphalus belongs to the Hordle, Headon Hill, and Calbourne freshwater beds. In the engraving the shell appears about half the natural size. P. euomphalus is a very well marked species of the English freshwater for mation. To it are nearly allied Planorbis discus and Planorbis rotundatus. The genus Planorbis is further represented at Hordle by P. hemistoma ; P. elegans occurs in the upper fiuvio-marine beds, aud in the tran sition bed at Mead End, which runs between the upper series of true marine and the lower series of freshwater beds ; biangulatus in the same transition bed, as well as in the pure freshwater and the upper fiuvio-marine deposits ; rotundatus, platystoma, and lens, at Hordle and Headon Head; obtusus, at Headon Head and the upper marine beds of Hordle ; tropis (if that be a distinct species), at Hordle ; elegans is found at Headon Hill in 'I' OSS1 IL 1 TelhiLa Mardomensis 2 Pe ctuncnliis ddetus 3 Cxassatella sulcata 4 Oytherea incrassata 5 Ckara lueUu 6 Cyreaa. ohcvata 7 Cardita plamcosta.. 8 Chama squamo sa 9 Planorbis ewmphzlus 10 Paluiiaa lenta llLiiniiEea lorujiscata 12 Rostellaria ampla 13 Fusus tidbits. 14 F ' porredus. 15 T.fong&vus. 16 Tumtella -urthncataTLa 17 Plexvrotoraa turbida, 18 -AncHlarLa bucanoid&y 19 Strombus Bartonensis. 2 0 Voluta kictatrzz 21V ambiaua 22 Typhis piuioens 23 Conorhs dormitor 24 Centhium cernucepiai J W Lowry fculp^ FROM BEAULIEU TO CHRISTCHURCH. 95 left on the other side the Southampton Water.1 We now stand under High Cliff House (Rothsay Castle), which replaces a house built by the famous Lord Bute (the The Lady Jack Boot of popular caricatures a hundred years ago), and long ago removed on Rothesay's account of the encroachments of the sea. But, in thus following the structure of the house- cliffs as they lay bared to us, we have passed without notice the village of Milton to the right of our road. Turning aside thither through Chewton, we find very little to detain us in the village, with its new church, built 1832. Milton, or Middleton, is noticed in Domesday Book. A hide and a half at Mildeltune, in Rodedic hundred, had been held by Alwin in parage under the Confessor. The Conqueror gave it to Hugh de Port, or Porth, under whom William Orenet held the manor. Three ploughlands of arable, one in demesne, with five villeins and their two teams, a slave, three acres and a half of meadow, belonged to the holding. The value had lessened from 40s. to 20s., and its assess- Milton. a transition bed between the upper fiuvio-marine and the pure freshwater formations. In the Hordle beds we find Paludina lenta. Cytherea incrassata belongs to the marine formation of Headon Hill and Colwell Bay. Conorbis (Conus) dormitor, one of Brander's fossils, is peculiarly interesting to us, as being found only in the eocene beds of the Hampshire basin. In general form it nearly resembles a Pleurotoma. There is a variety of the shell found at Lyndhurst and Brockenhurst, which pre sents a smoother appearance than the ordinary fossil of Barton and Alum Bay. Other fossil cones of South-west Hampshire are, Beperditus, Lamarckii, and Alatus, from Bramshaw. A variety of Alatus very like the seminuda variety of C. dormitor occurs with it at Lyndhurst and Brockenhurst; Linealus (very rare), Concinnus (?), and Scabriculus, from Barton. No fossil species of Limnaa better represents the genus than the freshwater Binstead and Headon Hill Limnaa longiscata figured in the engraving. It is of common occurrence and of well-marked character. Several varie ties of the shell are found, the most remarkable being that designated as distorta, in which the one side of the mouth seems to lap over instead of meeting the opposite side, thereby constricting the lower part of the shell and contracting its opening.' The Hordle shell sometimes called Limnaa strigosa is probably only a variety of Longiscata. At Headon Hill and elsewhere in the Isle of Wight the fossil occurs abundantly. The shell is larger than its engraved figure. Other Hordle species of limnaa are — caudala, Hordle Cliff and Headon Hill ; pyramidalis (possibly the young of longiscata), sulcata, fusiformis, costellata, angusta, and avenularia, of Hordle Cliff and Headon Hill ; aud columellaris and eabulum, of Hordle. It can scarcely be necessary for me to refer those who wish for a fuller and more detailed account of the Hordle and Barton fossils to the interesting monographs of the Palffioutological Society. My own obligations to those works are patent. The British Museum, owning the Brander, Dixon, Lady Hastings, and other collections, is rich in the fossils of the upper aud middle beds of our Hampshire eocenes. (1) Among other Bracklesham fossils fouud in the New Forest, may be cited the tiny Mitra parva of Brockenhurst, abundant at High Cliff, with its variety of semilavis at Alum Bay, and purmila at Basingstoke, Bramshaw, and Barton. It is not found out of England. Mitra porrecta and M. voluliformis are from Barton, and M. obesa is a Highcliff shell. At Bramshaw, and nowhere else except in the corre sponding beds of Bracklesham Bay, Pleurotoma planetica is found. P. ligata is peculiar to Bramshaw. Pleuro toma attenuata, of the Bramshaw lower middle eocene beds, is cited as a Barton shell ; dentata, tentiliosa, and (if it be allowed as a distinct species) crassicosta, are Bramshaw species of Pleurotoma. By transver- saria at Brockenhurst, and its variety cypha at Lynd hurst, the rare cymaa of Brockenhurst, found nowhere else except (with its variety nana) at Colwell Bay, and other species of the genus Pleurotoma, so abundant in the Hampshire formations, answering to the Bagshot sands of the London, and the Calcaire grossier of the Paris, basins ; Pleurotoma siena, symmetrica, crassa, terebralis (variety gyrata), of Southampton; teretrium (variety tuberculatd) of Southampton and Alum Bay; Keelei, found in boring the artesian well at Southampton, and named after its discoverer, Mr. Keele; lanceolata of Barton and Alum Bay ; microdonta of High Cliff; lavigata of Barton and Mndiford; exorta, macilenta, roslrata (with its variety antiqua, at High Cliff), at Bar ton, High Cliff, and Alum Bay ; P. turbida (represented in the engraving) of Barton and High Cliff, — we trace the course of the beds from Christchurch Bay north-eastward. Out of one hundred and three species of the mollusca discovered at Bramshaw in the highest beds of the Bracklesham series, forty-five occur also in the Barton formation. 96 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. ment had been reduced one-third. The woods, worth 20s., and sufficient for thirty hogs, had been taken into the Forest. Milton descended with other Port holdings to Robert de St. John, under whom John de Kernet held half a knight's fee, occupied by Lusia de Lumesy. John de Chaucumbe, in 1329, was found seized in the revenues of Avene manor and the Middelton manor, in the hundred of Christchurch. To our right lie Fernhill or Farnhall and Bashley. Within Fernhill manor its lords, the Society of Winchester College, have right of free chase. The reputed manor of Ossumsley lies to our right as we pass onward. Osmund's Osmund's lea. ford and Osmund's lea may perhaps tell us where lay the possessions of an old English thane, whose son Hugh held under the Conqueror one afforested and value less hide (formerly held by Aluric in parage, and then worth 25s.) at Hariforde, in Redbridge hundred. Hugh held also in Sombourn hundred the manor of Stoke, which was worth 20s. Perhaps we may discern a compensation to Hugh for his loss by the afforestation of Hariforde, in Stoke being exempted from hidage. We shall by-and-by see that Anschitil, another son of Osmund, held large possessions in Redbridge and Portsdown hundreds, and elsewhere. There was an Osmund who, under the Conqueror, held in Brocton hundred the manor of Beneslege, worth 5s. He had held it allodially in the Confessor's time. Passing on westward through Somerford we come to Purewell. Somerford grange is interesting as the residence of the last prior of Christchurch. There are some few relics still extant of the old priory grange buildings ; but of its chapel there are not, so far as I can learn, any remains. To the manors of Hordle, Milton, Somerford, belong forest privileges. From Purewell we will make two digressions — one south, the other north. Our southern excursion takes us through Stampit to Mudiford. There are but two things which make Mudiford worth a visit — first, the view one gets from its hill, trending round almost as if to meet the opposite projection of Hengistbury ; and the other, that in a Mudiford house, to which he gave the name Gundinore, lived William Stewart (or Stuart?) Rose, friend of Sir Walter Scott and poet of " The Red King." Of the merits of that poem perhaps the best thing to be said is that it embodies a host of floating legends and traditions, most of them provably false, but still not without a certain interest of their own. Sir Walter Scott was a guest of Mr. Rose, at Mudiford, in the year 1807. Amongst Mr. Rose's guests was another man of mark in letters (and in something more than letters), the once well-known Ugo Foscolo. Coleridge was living at Mudiford in 1816. The Rose family were, I may almost say are, much connected with the New Forest and the neighbourhood of Christchurch.1 (1) Every one who knows Christchurch at all must Afghans being the remnants of the ten tribes, and other remember the late venerable representative of the family, matters touching which the good old man loved to hold Sir George Rose, of Sandhills, his theories about the his frequent discourse. Somerford and Purewell. Mudiford. Mr. Rose and his guests. FROM BEAULIEU TO CHRISTCHURCH. 97 Cuffnalls, near Lyndhurst, once belonging to Sir Thomas Tancred, was bought Mr. Rose of by, and became the residence of, the George Rose well known in the gossiping history of his time, as the great friend of George III., and editor of the "Marchmont Papers." At Cuffnalls he received more than one visit from the king and royal family early in this century.1 Mr. George Rose was at one time a Verderer of the Forest, his colleagues being William Mitford, Peter Serle (senior verderer), John Compton, and afterwards, Hans Sloane. In later years Mr. Rose served as bow-bearer, in which office, when he was promoted to be Deputy Warden, he was succeeded by his son, William Stewart (or Stuart?) Rose. The manor of Stampeta is mentioned in Domesday book with Heme and Chenep stampit. (Knapp ), all in Egheiete hundred, as held by Hugh de Port of the Bishop of Bayeux. Part of Stampit he held in demesne. That part had, under the Confessor, been held by Wislac, who there kept his hall, or court-house. Its assessment was at one hide, its value 15s. ; and there belonged to it one ploughland of arable. The other part of Stampit, assessed at two hides, was, in the Confessor's time, held by Priest Godric; its value then was reckoned at 20s. ; by 1084 it had risen to 40s., and it paid a rent of 60s. There belonged to it two ploughlands, half a one in demesne, two villeins, two bordmen, with half a team, and eight acres of meadow. Hurn and Knapp were both of them held by another Hugh, under Hugh de Port. Hum and Hurn had formerly been held by two alodiarii. In their time it was valued at 20s., but in 1084 at 36s. It was assessed at one hide, and contained one ploughland, three bordmen, a slave, and half a fishery, worth 2d. Knapp was assessed at one hide, its actual extent. Three alodiarii held it under Edward in parage, each with his own court-house. In their days it was worth 20s., but in 1084, 30s. To it belonged one ploughland, one slave, a mill worth 20s., a fishery worth 50d., and sixteen acres of meadow. Under Robert de St. John, Albreda de Botreaus held a knight's fee at Heme, Cnapp, and Murthing, occupied under her by the heirs of Philip de la Heme, Richard Bacun, and Hugh de Murthig. Returning to Purewell, we cross the road for our northern digression towards Ringwood. At Burton, a tithing of Christchurch parish, we come upon the remains of the old stone " Staple Cross," utilised into a direction-post, facing east and west for Burley and Christchurch, north and south for Ringwood and Lymington. At Burton lived once Southey and Charles Lamb ; and at White Hayes was born the late Lord Lyons, son to Mr. Lyons of St. Austin's, Lymington. " John Lyons, Capt. R.N.," was admitted a burgess of Lymington in 1826. (1) Among other visits of George III. to Mr. Rose are George III. in 1789 spent Beveral days at Lyndhurst, recorded that of June 29, 1789, when Mr. Rose was living arriving there on Thursday, June 25, and leaving for the at Sandhills (?), and another in July 3, 1 801. coast on the following Tuesday. VOL. III. O HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Relics of the invasion of the country. Passing some way onwards, we come out upon the Avon ' by Winkton, and soon afterwards find ourselves at Sopley. Sopley. Sopley itself is a pretty Hampshire village, with a church which, though to the mere passer-by, unless he happen to descry its quaint gurgoyles or canopied niche, it would seem to offer little to detain him on his way, is yet one of the most interesting (though, alas ! most villainously disfigured) churches of the neighbourhood. It rises, as becomes a church dedicated to St. Michael, from a mound which possibly may be the monument of some ancient battle — perhaps between Vespasian's Romans and the Belgas; perhaps between the Romanised Britons and their Teutonic invaders.2 An urn full of ashes was found some time ago in a barrow at Sopley. A brass coin of Faustina, the elder, found at Mudiford in 1809, and two coins now belonging to Mr. Tice, of Sopley, one found in Sopley meadows, the other in Derrat Lane, are among the Roman relics discovered in the neighbourhood. I do not know whether there is any trustworthy authority for the common state ment that at Derrat Lane there was, in the tenth century, a battle .between the English and the Northmen. The explanation of Derrat as " Dane's rout " is on the face of it, to use a gentle word, very improbable. It has, by-the-bye, been stated that the Sambucus ebulus is supposed by the Hampshire peasant to owe its redness to the blood of the Danes. That such a behef exists in the Midland Counties Mr. Worsaae has told us, but I have not discovered it in any part of Hampshire. The Danewort grows in the north-eastern part of the Forest Sopley church. Sopley church is mainly of thirteenth century date, but was much altered early in the fifteenth century, the nave being then rebuilt and the chancel window put in. A few bosses peeping through the ugly ceiling, with the corbels on each side, indicate the existence of a wooden roof, which one day, it is to be hoped, the much wanted whitewash removers may bring to light. The rood-loft at Sopley, as in some other Hampshire churches, was turned into a " singing gallery," which completely blocked up from sight a great part of the chancel, affording some pretext at Sopley for the practice which prevailed in Hamp shire half a century ago of reading the Communion service from the reading-desk.3 (1) The Avon, as a salmon stream, has already been noticed, with its sister rivers Test and Itchen. In April, 1864, at Clapcote Hole, near Sopley, a salmon was "caught weighing upwards of thirty-eight pounds. It measured forty inches long and twenty-six round. (2) May not Sopley have been the scene of a battle between Emrys and Cerdic ? Supposing Cerdic to have landed at Calshot and advanced by Lymington, he would, one would think, try the ford just above Sopley. If Emrys, falling back from the coast, took advantage of the enirenchn.eut of St. Caiherine's Hill to the wtst, occupied the ford, and there posted a body of men to oppose the English invaders' further progress westward, Cerdic would be forced to ascend the stream to Chardford (Cerdice's ford) where we may fix his passage over the Avon. (3) One of the grievances of innovation mourned over by Crabbe's vicar: — " Not at the altar our young brethren read (Facing their flock) the Decalogue and Creed; But at their duty, in their desks they stand, With naked surplice, lacking hood and band." [But FROM BEAULIEU TO CHRISTCHURCH. 99 When the gallery came down the rood-loft remains came with it. There are yet the vestiges of its staircase, and part of its carved wood-work of late date has been worked into the vicarage pew. Besides the relics of the rood-loft staircase there exist in the north transept a The rood-loft squint, an awmbry, and vestiges of an ancient shrine or chapel. case. Through the whitewash, partly scraped off here and there by Mr. Walcott, peep out some faint indications of fresco painting. In the chancel two recumbent figures, and some glass in the east window, may be The chancel. noticed. Over the north porch, supported by a bracket sculptured into a head, stands a small figure of St. Michael in its proper niche. In the south wall of the chancel there appears to have been formerly a low door or window. I am told that Mr. Walcott, who has brought out many interesting features of the church, and amongst them cut out on the external wall the lines which mark The church the position of this ancient door, or window, is of opinion that it was a gaze hole by without. which the inmates of the neighbouring lazar-house (?) might assist at the celebration of the divine offices. By such doors, or rather windows, one is somewhat reminded of the well-known " Porte des Cagots," 1 so common in the churches of Brittany, the Pyrenees, and elsewhere. Sopley church is at the very southernmost end of its large and spreading parish, The parish of which contains the tithings of Sopley and Avon, with Ripley (the manor of Avon Tyrrel). In fact, the present parish of Sopley answers very nearly to the old hundred of Sirlei, or Shirley, which, in 1084, was made up of six manors, two at Avere (that is, Avene, or Avon?), two at Ripley, one at Sopley, and one at Weringetone (Winckton ?). Part of Avere, belonging to William de Anslevile, and assessed at one hide, had been held in allodium by Chetel. To it belonged one ploughland in demesne, with two bordmen, and thirteen acres of meadow. Its value had diminished from 25s. to 15s., through the afforestation, one may suppose, of its woods. But the grievance is of much older date than Crabbe marriage, or churching. The clergyman was to say the thought it, and in the visitation articles of the seven- service " in his own seat or pulpit." teenth century is often touched upon. Bishop Wren The Archbishop of Canterbury, in his visitation of in 1662 inquired whether the communion service was Winchester diocese, 1635, inquired whether in every read in the desk. So Bishop Montague in 1637 had church the table was so placed as might be for the best asked whether the second or later service was read at the convenience of people hearing and communicating. table or in the reading-pew. Earlier yet, Grindal ordered, (1 ) Although generally the Cagot's door was in the in 1571, that the epistle, gospel, and commandments, when north, north-west, or north-east, yet occasionally it is there was no communion, should be read from the pulpit found in the south wall of the church. It is a curious or stall, but the prayers said at the table. His brother question, which has not been sufficiently investigated, of St. David's, in 1583, charged the clergy of his diocese whether there did not at one time exist in Hampshire not to go to the table except the communion were to des races mandites, hereditary outcasts, such as we find be ministered, or upon occasion of a baptism, burial, in Spain, France, and elsewhere. o 2 Sopley. 100 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE, Avon in the The other part, containing four ploughlands, held by Hugh de Port, had formerly century.' been held by three franklins, in allodium. In their days, its assessment was eight hides, and value £10. Under Hugh the land was occupied by William, Ralph, and another, who had in demesne, three ploughlands, nine villeins, six bordmen, with four teams, four slaves, and eighty-four acres of meadow. The assessment had been reduced to three and a half hides, and the value of the manor lessened to £8 ; a reduction accounted for by the statement that the king had thrown into his forest half of the wood which had formerly given pannage to ninety hogs, and one hide and a half, with one half yardland of arable. The king received 100s., and Hugh's vassals made as much more from the manor. Under Robert de St. John, in the thirteenth century, John de Kernet held by old enfeoffment, the fourth, and Alexander Huscarle three-fourths, of a knight's fee at Avene. At Avene, Roger de Langeford held land worth one hundred shillings, which, as well as half the villa de Westedderle, he held by tenure of finding a serviens in coat of mail, iron cap, and lance, to serve forty days in the king's guard in England. Ripley. Huntsman Ulviet was left undisturbed in that part of Ripley which he had held allodially under the Confessor, except that the afforestation of all his woods and two hides of land had reduced its value from £8 to £2 10s. The assessment had been reduced from five to two hides. To the manor belonged two ploughlands, one in demesne, eight bordmen, and four slaves, with two teams, and forty acres of meadow. The afforested part was worth 100s. Another part of Ripley, assessed at half a hide, held formerly allodially by Wislac, had passed to Bishop Odo, and of him was held by Hugh de Port. To it belonged one ploughland in demesne, three bordmen, and eight acres of meadow. Its woods had been afforested, and its value had fallen from 20s. to 5s. Tradition says, that from the old chapel of Ripley were brought the figures now lying in Sopley church. Sopley. Sopley, in 1084, was held by William, son to Stour (vol. ii. p. 167). To it belonged two ploughlands, one in demesne, three villeins, six bordmen, and two teams, one slave, a mill, worth 10s., and eight hundred and seventy-five eels,1 and fifty-nine acres of meadow. It was worth 50s., but rented at 100s., and assessed at one hide, and half a yardland. In the days of the Confessor, when Edric held it allodially, it was assessed at seven hides, and was worth £10. Four hides and the woods, worth 110s., had been afforested. Sopley afterwards belonged to Maundevill, Earl of Essex ; and from him it (1) Possibly the Anguilla mediorostris, described first latirostris. Moreover, it differs from them in colour and in by Mr. Yarrell, from an Avon specimen, and, so far as I habits, being a respectable day-loving eel, and swimming know, peculiar to that river. The shape of the head in exactly the opposite way to that taken by eels which distinguishes it from the commoner eels, acutirostris and go about by night. FROM BEAULIEU TO CHRISTCHURCH. 101 passed to his fourth sister Joan, wife to Theobald le Butiller, to whom was granted the prisage of wines imported into Ireland — a grant held by his descendants till within the present century. Some, by-the-bye, make Joan his wife to be eldest daughter to John, youngest son to Geoffrey, Earl of Essex. Sopley afterwards belonged to John (son of William de Stourton1), who, May 13, 1448, was made Baron de Stourton. He died on St. Catherine's Day, The stourtons 1462, seized of Ibbesley and Sopley, and was succeeded by his son William, who ° OUIon- married Margaret, daughter to Sir John Chidiock. After Lord Stourton's death (Feb. 18, 1477-8) she was married to Sir John Chenery. Their great-great- grandson was the Lord Stourton who was hanged at Salisbury, March 6, 1557 ; his tomb stands in the nave of the Cathedral to your right as you face eastward. Sir William Stourton, K.B., grandson to the man who was hanged, married Frances, daughter to Sir Edward More, of Odiham. Mary, one of their daughters, became wife to John Weld. In 1340 the ninths of Sopley parish were, by John le Taweyare, William Luwyne, Robert Anneys, and Robert Murdyng, sworn at £9 2s. 2d. The church was endowed with a messuage and yearly rents worth 13s. Ad. Tithe of hay, &c, with oblations and mortuaries, came to 44s. 8d. Huntsman Waleran, in 1084, held Weringetone, and under him it was occupied Winkton. by Robert. To it there belonged four ploughlands, one and a half in demesne, four teen villeins, seven bordmen, with four teams, two manor-house mills bound to supply four hundred and fifty eels, and fifty-five acres of meadow. It was assessed at three hides, one yardland, and valued at £4 10s. Under the Confessor, Earl Tosti held the manor, then assessed at seven hides, and valued at £10. The king had afforested one hide and half a yardland with the woods valued at 110s., besides one yardland he gave to a priest. Two marks' worth of land at Winkton were, in the thirteenth century, held of John of Monmouth's fee. It seems that John de Campeney held a knight's fee at Winkton, as pertaining to a fee he held in Wiltshire of the barony of Walter Waleran by old enfeoffment of John de Monmouth. Hugh de Campenia had sided with the king's enemies, and thereupon, by writ addressed to the sheriff, November 23, 1215, his Hampshire lands were given to Roger de Scures. We find in 1406 Sir Thomas West entered as having held the manors of Berton Peverell, Oakhanger, Newton Valence, Testwood, and Hale, also the manor of Wink ton as a dependency of the manor of Dean. In 1475 Sir Maurice Berkeley de Beverston was found seized of messuages and lands at Winkton and Bockhampton, a messuage and lands at Arnewood, in Hordle (1) William Stonrton was Speaker of the House of His predecessor and successor in the chair was Thomas Commons in the years 1408, 1409, 1412, and 1413. Chaucer, Sheriff of Hants in the first year of Henry V. 102 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE parish, messuage and lands at Christchurch, lands, &c, at Gorlyngton and Alkerton, messuages, lands, &c, in East and West Ashley. The manors of Avon, Avon Tyrrell, Sopley, Hume, and Winkton Lewyn, are all entitled to forest rights. Bockhampton. Entrance into Christchurch. The church yard. The Priory church. CHRISTCHURCH. Bockington, or Bockhampton, in Christchurch parish, we have already noticed. In the time of Queen Elizabeth it belonged to the Wells family. We find Henry Lovell and his wife Bridget claiming against 'Gilbert Wells, Esq., and Morris Richman the manor of Bockington, under a lease granted to them by Mr. Wells, owner of the fee. We now return to Purewell and continue our course towards Christchurch. As we cross the Avon we see between us and the church a very interesting twelfth cen tury house, and beyond it on a high mound the ruins of Christchurch Castle. Con tinuing our way past a fine old timber house at the left, now fitted up as a shop, we come presently to the main street of the town, down which we turn to the left, and soon find ourselves at the gates of the Priory churchyard. To enter fully and particularly into the details of the great church of Christchurch Priory is obviously impossible in this general history of the county. Those who desire to minutely study the building will, of course, consult Mr. Ferrey's large work.1 Entering the churchyard we pass, to our right, the tomb on which is cut the "Christchurch epitaph," as it has long been called. Its meaning might be found, perhaps, by search in the parish register books, had they not been converted into kettle-holders (vol. ii. p. 138). One explanation makes it refer to some doings of "resurrectionists'^ or "body-snatchers," and perhaps to contain an allusion to the trade of one of two persons buried in the grave. Grose (I quote from the Olio) gives a tradition that the epitaph was made upon some persons who had been drowned, buried in a field, dug up by the owner of the field, and reburied in the churchyard. The inscription-stone had nearly perished in the last century, but was preserved and restored by the care of Mr. Richmond, of Christchurch. The external appearance of the church is very striking. Its length, the magnifi cent north porch, the rich Norman work of the north transept, with the semicircular turret at its north-east corner, the light shining right through the chancel clerestory windows, the graceful flying buttresses of the choir, all combined, tend to give it the remarkable if not harmonious aspect which it presents seen sideways. At the corner of the north nave aisle and north transept stood formerly the build- (1) Whilst writing these pages, I have met with a very useful little guide-book to the Priory cburch, by Mr. Walcott, which deserves something more than a mere local publication. My obligations to its author I desire specially to acknowledge. (2) In the north of Hampshire it was customary throughout the last and in the earlier part of this cen tury, to protect the coffin from the "resurrectionists" by a rough frame or lattice-work of wood, placed some few feet down the grave. g ON :=:'-I CHRISTCHURCH. 103 iug commonly called the "governor's room," but which more probably served in old times as the sexton's chamber and vicarage house. Traces also have been discovered of a chantry chapel immediately north of Sir AJh^ltry Thomas West's tomb in the Lady chapel. We enter the beautiful north porch of Early English date, with its shafted pillars The north of Purbeck marble standing out well from the mass of Binstead-stone work, all well and carefully restored within the last few years. Over the north porch was the muniment-room, as some have called the parvise, schoolroom or library as others suppose it to have been. Passing through the porch, we find ourselves in the north aisle of the church. Thence we pass into the fine Norman nave, with clerestory of slightly later date. The south aisle retains a good deal of its old Norman work ; but its windows, with The nave. one exception, are modern imitations of fifteenth century style. Turning westward, we pass into the west tower, of fifteenth century date. The The west tower. west window is filled with modern glass, by Lavers and Barraud ; the gift of Admiral Walcott. To the left, as we stand facing eastward, amongst certain monuments deserving no very special notice, is one in honour of the well-known author of Queen Mab, &c, which seems thoroughly out of place — more especially as one bears in mind the circumstances of, and the celebration consequent upon, the event which it com memorates. Behind us are the records of certain benefactions left to the church and parish ; amongst which specially may be noticed that given by Gustavus Brander (author of Fossilia Hantoniensia), for the yearly observation of his " signal preservation" from death by drowning, in 1768. The west doors were given by a sister of Admiral Walcott, well known to the Rifle Volunteers of south-east Sussex as Mrs. Dixon, of Stanstead. Of the bells in the tower only two are ancient. The others date from the seven- The bells and teenth and eighteenth centuries. thea lesends- The legend on the fifth bell runs — "sit nobis omen tousenes cum sit tibi nombn tottus campane eaciat nos v1veke sane."' The legend on the sixth bell, as interpreted by Dr. Husenbeth, runs thus : — "MOX AUGUSTINUS NEC DUM RP1SONAT PEECO MAGNUS LASSIS PESTIVUS PESTES PIUS UT TOGET AGNUS." Another interpretation takes assis (the word Dr. Husenbeth makes into lassis) to stand for assit, that is, adsit. Preco offers some little difficulty in all the interpre tations of the legend. If we read it as the mediaeval form of the noun prceco, the (1) I give the legend as I find it recorded in print, being sufficient to enable me to decipher inscriptions. Of the light in the belfry when 1 examined the bells not the exactness of the copy there is, I think, no doubt. 104 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The rood- screen. The choir stalls. quantity of the e is wrong ; and if we take it as a verb, the rarity of the form is our difficulty. One reading of the legend gives hec for nee. Returning into the nave, we pass eastward, and see to right and left the horribly The organ. disfigured south and north transepts. The old organ, on account of which the south transept was, in 1788 and afterwards, encumbered with wooden constructions and despoiled of the beautiful stone-work of its vaulting, has been rebuilt by Willis. On the day of St. Philip and St. James, 1865, the new organ was solemnly " dedi cated" in full choral service, at which assisted Sir Frederick Ouseley, Mr. Willis, Mr. Ferrey, of Christchurch, and others of well-known name. Mr. Daniel Moore, of Camberwell, preached the "dedication" sermon. We enter the choir by the beautiful fourteenth century rood-screen, sadly injured by those who, in the last century, preferred their organ and pews to the fine old rood-loft and screen, but lately restored with much care by Mr. Ferrey. On each side ranges the double row of old carved stalls, and their misereres, still showing on the under side the grotesque caricatures of their ancient devices. Behind us, resting against the rood-screen, are stalls for the prior and officers immediately next to him in rank. Above the side stalls rise the beautiful fifteenth century windows, four on each side, with their rich Portland stone traceries ; and stretching over head, resting upon its clustered columns, hangs the magnificent ceiling — rich formerly with carving and colour, of which, still, the disfigured bosses give evidence. The reredos. Before us is perhaps the finest carved reredos to be seen in England — the finest, at all events, in Hampshire. It represents the common subject of the tree of Jesse (Isaiah xi. 1), and may be compared with the Winchester College window, and other Hke designs. There is in the Christchurch reredos a remarkable peculiarity presented, in the attitude of the Blessed Mother as she receives the wise men. As we face the reredos, we notice to our right the memorial statue, by Flaxman, of Lady Fitz-Harris, mother to the present Lord Malmesbury, Captain Harris, and the Archdeacon of Wilts. Below us, in front of where once stood the high altar, lie two graves of former priors (?) Under the fourth step was buried Baldwin de Redvers, who died Sept. 1, 1216. The oaken communion table was given in 1831 by Mr. Pugin, whose wife was buried in the north chancel aisle. The chairs were given by Mrs. Walcott. The Lady Beyond the chancel lies the Lady Chapel, with its sedilia, &c., yet remaining. chapel. Above it, in St. Michael's loft, is kept a week-day school. The entrance to the schoolroom is by the tower staircase from the north-east of the churchyard — much, by-the-bye, to the desecration of the sacred precincts. The loft was set apart for its present use by the assembly of " the sixteen," (1) A window to the memory of Mr. Benjamin Ferrey, the father, was, in 1847, placed in the church by his son. Mr. Ferrey was born at Christchurch. The name of Ferrey deserves grateful remembrance in that town. CHRISTCHURCH. 105 on March 7th, 1662, according to the agreement made between John Rawbury, Esq., and John Imber, with others on the part of the parish. One of the few ancient altars now remaining in England stands in the Christ- christchurch church Lady Chapel. Its slab is of Purbeck marble. The carved work of its hishaltar' reredos is much defaced. In the tomb south of the " altar" it is presumed that Alice West was buried, and her son, Sir Thomas West, in that to the north. West of the Lady Chapel lies the grave of John Borard (Burrard), Master in Theology (S.T.P.), nineteenth prior of Christchurch. We pass back under the Christchurch colours, given by Admiral Walcott, in place of the old ones there placed by his father (page 71), and turn into Draper's Draper's chapel, of date 1529, south of the Lady Chapel. West of it is his tomb, or rather chaPeL the gravestone which formerly rested on his tomb. Over the doorway the richly canopied niche of carved Caen stone should specially be noticed. The founder of the chapel is commemorated by the initials J. D., and the effigy of a church, with a centre spire.1 The crypt chapel under the east part of the chancel is now used as a burial-place The crypt for the Harris family. Probably in former days it served as a chapel of the Holy c ape " Sepulchre and De Redvers chantry. Crossing along the pathway behind the choir, and thence eastward passing by the broad " altar " steps, we turn into the Salisbury chapel, with its beautiful late The Salisbury perpendicular work of Caen stone. chape1' In its present state it stands as a monument of the malicious and petty spiteful- ness of the king's commissioners, who caused it " to be defacyd, and all the armys and badgis clerly to be delete," just because it was " preparyd by the late mother of Raynolde pole for herre buriall." I do not know that the chapel is improved by the tablet in memory of Mr. Rose. We now pass into the north choir aisle, corresponding on the north to Draper's chapel at the south, we have a chantry chapel, with piscina to south, and aumbry to north. In it stands the well-known Chidioke3 monument, off which the alabaster The Chi(3ioke has been much scraped by the country people, who looked upon scrapings of " King monument. Chidiock " as specifics of sovereign virtue in sundry diseases. Up to April (or August?) 1791, the Chidioke monument stood in its original position in the north transept. It was then removed to the place it now occupies in order to make room for the Sunday-school children. At present the Sunday- school is kept in the Lady Chapel. (1) It would mislead us were we to look upon the (2) The daughters of Sir John Chidiocke, and his wife conventional church in such cases as a model of the build- Catharine (a daughter of Ralph, Lord Lumley), were ing it typified; but it may be remarked that doubtless Margaret, wife to Sir William Stourton, and Catharine, there was at Christchurch once a centre tower (like that, who was married first to one of the Stafford family, and perhaps, at Winchester, Romsey, or St. Cross), of which afterwards to Sir John Arundel. Through them the indication may still be traced in the east gable of the nave. representation of the Cflidiocks was carried on. VOL. III. P 106 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The north choir aisle and its monuments. The north transept. * Lovely view from the roof. The sonth transept. The glass of the east window of the north choir aisle was given by Admiral Walcott. The tomb of Sir William Eyre, twenty-fifth prior of Christchurch, in whose time the cunning carvings of the choir were made, Lies in the north choir aisle, south of the grave of his mother, Joan Cockrell. He died Dec. 3, 1520. A little way down the north choir aisle stands the altar tomb of Robert White.1 Farther on to the left we see the William and Margaret chantry, as it is called, of fifteenth century date, with brackets and piscina. The modern tablet affixed does not add -to the beauty of the chapel. Under the north transept, with its beautiful Montagu chapels of early fourteenth century date, is a crypt of early Norman work, corresponding to that under the south transept. When discovered it was full of bones. The shape of the crypt is interesting, as giving evidence of the north transept having originally terminated in a semicircular apse, destroyed to give place to the Montagu chapels. By a staircase from the transept we ascend to the roof, half way up passing the little room in which it seems the drawings for the church works, &c. , were prepared. Mr. Ferrey found marked out on the wall of the room the very plan of the window which now stands easternmost in the south nave aisle. From the roof we have a most pleasant view. On the one side lies the castle and Norman house, with the modern town of Christchurch beyond, and sloping away into the distance the valley of the Avon. To our left run out over Hengistbury and Bournemouth the high lands and promontories of the Dorset coast. To the right we trace the curve of the bay till it seems to melt into the downs of the Isle of Wight. Turning round we have the house of Sir George Pocock,2 on the site of the old priory buildings, immediately below us. Just beyond is the confluence of the Avon and Stour ; and across the Channel gleam in the distance the white cliffs of the Isle of Wight, lessening by the Needles into open sea. Returning into the north and thence crossing into the south transept, we observe the apsed chapel to the east, and just beyond it the Early English sacristy (lately restored), of which the old encaustic tiles of the floor should be noticed. Under the chapel is the ancient crypt, now used as a burial-place for the family of Sir George Tapps. The turret staircase leads to the muniment-room or chapel as it is often called. Beyond lies, north of the south choir aisle, the chapel of Robert Harys, who died 1525, distinguished by his rebus (a hare with "ys" labelled out of its mouth), (1) Robert White, as presently we shall more fully notice, by will, of March 25, 1619, left £100 to be laid out in lands for the poor of Christehnrch. Robert White, of Yateley and Farnham, who lived in the fifteenth cen tury, bore a chevron gules between three popinjays, all within a border azure charged with eight bezants. For Robert White of South Warnborough, see vol. ii. p. 20. (2) President of the " Christchurch Archaeological and Natural History Association," a society which has already given earnest of much good and active work. Christ dnrrch. CHRISTCHURCH. 107 and by the inscription, which, arranged as a triplet and in modern spelling, runs The Harys thus :- chapel- " The Lord, King of bliss, Have mercy on him that let make this, The which was me, Robert Harys." In. the south- choir aisle were found certain sculptures representing passages in the The south life of the Blessed Mary. The sculptor's treatment of " The Adoration of the Magi " choir aisle- is marked by the peculiarity we have noticed in the reredos of the choir. Leaving the church we observe immediately over the west door the sacred effigy within a canopied niche. On the south side of the church some vestiges may yet be discovered of the old Vestiges of priory buildings. The door by which the monks entered the church from the f™7 cloisters at the west, and their prior's door (of remarkable formation) at the east of the south nave aisle, still remain. There are also indications of the staircase west of the monks' door leading to the dormitories, of a roof extending southward over the cloisters, and of a covered way with chamber above leading from the south transept to the chapter-house. From the Lady Chapel a door gave access southward to the priory burying-place. We now pass to the left the site of the old priory buildings, on which stands the house occupied, 1807, by Louis Philippe. Mr. Brander, owner of the property in the last century, discovered in a floor just east of what he supposed to be the refectory site, a heap of birds' bones, stored up in an underground vault. We see to the west of the churchyard and to our right large remains of the priory and adjoining buildings ; stone and old brick scattered here and there, and, for the most part, worked up into walls of modern construction. The old porter's lodge of the priory now serves as the miller's house. The priory mill, or rather its modern representative, with its neighbouring old wall and Early English archway, we pass to the left, as, skirting the wall which bounds the priory precincts, we go down to the quay. Returning through the churchyard we thence observe the south side of the late twelfth century " Constable's House." It stands immediately over a branch of the The "Con- Avon which apparently served as the castle ditch. The walls are nearly perfect, and House." with the vestiges of the stone staircase, give evidence that the building was originally two storied. The lower room was divided into two compartments, but there is no appearance of any such division having existed in the upper room. The picturesque ivy-surrounded shaft is, perhaps, the very earliest example of a projecting chimney now extant in England. On each side the upper room were three double windows. Apparently a large window stood in the north wall of the house, and a small circular window in the south gable. Ghristchnrch. 108 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Probably from the house buildings stretched at right angles towards the castle Remains cf the keep. Of that castle nothmg now remains above ground beyond the east and west castle. walls and a few detached stones. The accompanying engraving represents the north-eastern aspect of the church (with the Norman house in middle distance), as seen from the fine old twelfth century (?) stone bridge by which we crossed the Avon on our way from Purewell and Street. It now remains for us to notice shortly the past history and present state of the ancient borough of Twynam. Early notices of The first certain notice (I exclude the mention of Tweoxebeam, near Wimborne, by Florence and the Chronicler) of Christchurch in such pre-Conquest annals as I have had the opportunity of consulting, occurs in a certain charter purporting to record the grant of a weir on the Avon at Christchurch, with thirty hides at Sidmonton, in the Forest country, and other lands given to the ehurch and abbey of Middleton by Athelstan, April 23, 939. The notice of the weir and the Sidmonton lands is omitted in the Latin version of the said soi-disant charter. It is rather interesting, by-the- bye, to note that the English abbey of Middleton was under the speeial protection of two chief saints of Celtic worship — the Blessed Mary and Archangel Michael ; 1 to whom more churches are dedicated in Wales (to say nothmg of Brittany) than to any other saint, the great St. David himself not excepted. The constant recurrence of Llanfair and Llanfihangel as local names must strike every man in travelling through the Principality. In connection with this charter it should be observed that in 1084 Edward the sheriff held in Egheiete hundred, under the Abbey of Middeltune, twelve acres, occupied by one villein with two oxen and one acre of meadow, all worth AOd. The land had never been taxed. In former days a fishery had belonged to the little manor. Twynam in In 1084 Twynam Thuinam in Egheiete hundred was held by the king in demesne. In the days of the Confessor it was held of him in farm. Its assessment was very low (one yardland), though it contained some thirteen ploughlands of arable. In demesne were two ploughlands, twenty-one villeins, five bordmen, with twelve teams, one slave, three colberts,2 four radchenistri, with two teams and a (1) Associated with St. Mary and St. Michael in the servitude, is practically de facto free so long as he yields care of Middleton Abbey are the two peculiarly Welsh his master a certain specified rent for his own services ; and Armorican saints, Sampson (Bishop of Dol) and for the colbert, so long as he complied with the conditions Branwaldr, both of them of familiar note in records of of his state, was not de facto, and de jure could not be, the early Christianity of the Channel Islands. reduced to servitude. (2) It is rather interesting to note how the Roman Colbert was nearly synonymous with bure (boor, eolonus, collibertus, or fellow-freedman, such as Milphio talked of clown), as appears from the Domesday statemeni of Syncerastus being, and as he who reclined at Trimalchion's " Tempore Regis Edwardi erant novem bures, id est table was in relation to his host, became, in the language of coliberti, cum quatuor carucis." Domesday Book, something between the freeman and the Of the 858 colberts enumerated in Domesday Book, slave. The condition of the colbert was not that of the 260 lived in Wiltshire. artisan serf, who, though he may de jure be recalled into I venture, with much diffidence, to suggest whethei 1084. CHRISTCHURCH. 109 half.1 There pertained to the manor a mill worth yearly 5s., sixty-one acres of meadow, and a wood, then in the king's Forest, where formerly had dwelt five villeins with three teams. In the burgh of Twynam were thirty-one messuages returning to the king a rent of The king's 16d. Under the Confessor and afterwards the manor had been worth to the king Twynam. £19 by toll, but in 1084, although it returned £12 10s., it was worth but ten pounds of sterlings at twenty to the ora.2 The afforested part was valued at £12 10s. The secular canons of the Holy Trinity Church at Twynam, all of them, so far as Holdings of tilt! SGCul&r appears, Englishmen, held conjointly and in severalty a good deal of Hampshire land. can0n8. In common they owned at Twynam itself five hides and one yardland, and one hide in the Isle of Wight, which possessions they had held beyond the memory of man, and always at the same assessment. In demesne they had five ploughlands, eleven villeins, thirteen bordmen, with one team, two slaves, a mill worth 30a?. yearly, one hundred and eight acres of meadow and wood (sufficient for two hogs). Within the borough they owned six messuages, which brought in 13s. Ad. by the year. The tithes of Twynam, and a third part of the tithes of Holehest,3 belonged to them. colbert in the eleventh century was not a word indicative of supposed inferiority of race, which, indeed, is the fundamental principle (vol. i. p. 324) of all caste, and most social distinctions. Was not the unfixed and varying status of the colbert — now scarcely below that of a free man, at other times hardly to be distinguished from that of a slave — very much the social position of the Hottentot under Dutch boordom, the Indian of Spanish America, or the Egyptian fellah under Turkish and Saracenic rule? In strong confirmation of this notion, it may he noticed that the colberts of Poitou without doubt were a subject race, differing from the Romanised Cymric Celts who had been, and from the invading Teutonic and Scan dinavians who actually were, the lords of their country. Now, these polliberti (colberts, culberts, culverts, cuverts, or coverts), who were in the eleventh century found, not only in Poitou, but generally throughout France, and whose very name became such a word of disgrace as to be applied to the assassin of Amasa (2 Sam. xx. 10), from what stock did they spring ? Does their character as " ira leves, etpene implacabiles, immiles, crudeles, increduli et indociles, et omnis propemodum humanilatis erpertes," point to a Celtic origin ? One more suggestion : — The colberts of Poitou were fishermen, genus hominum piscando queritans victum_ So were the Vituli of the Hampshire coast (vol. ii. p. 172). An eleventh century Englishman's pronunciation of col- verts would sound very like the word cealfru, by the annalist translated into Vituli. (1) It has been suggested, in explanation of radche- nistres, that possibly they were socmen who in time of war served on horseback. Of Maplederham, near Peters field, the note runs — duo rachenistre tenuerunt, nee alicubi recedere potuerunt. I would suggest whether the appellation is not here, again, a designation rather of race than of status. With the exception of half-a-dozen in Hampshire, the 196 radchenistri of Domesday Book were all found in the counties bordering upon Wales — 137 in Gloucestershire, and 47 in Herefordshire. This fact may be taken in con nection with that just touched upon, (2) The ora in this case seems to have been the ounce, or twelfth of a pound. Sixteen larger or twenty smaller pennies went to the ounce. (3) A very large manor, adjoining that of Christ church, held by the king, formerly the property of Earl Tosti, when it was assessed at twenty-nine hides and half a yardland. Twenty-two hides and a yardland were bestowed upon Hugh de Port, and had never paid tax. The seven remaining hides of the manor were in the Isle of Wight. Hugh lost three hides and a half by the afforestation of the country. There belonged to the manor twenty ploughlands, four and a half in demesne, thirty-seven villeins, twenty-five bordmen with eighteen teams, a little church, fourteen slaves, a mill worth 15j., three fisheries for the supply of the court-house, one hundred and eighty-one acres of meadow, wood enough for six hogs. The seven (?) hides then in the Forest had been occupied by thirteen villeins and three bordmen with eight teams. With those hides went an outlying wood, supplying pannage for one hundred and twenty- nine hogs. That large manor had been worth £46 in the days of the Confessor. Afterwards it was worth £34. In 1084 it was worth twenty-four pounds of counted money, and yet was rented at twenty-five pounds of money reckoned at 20rf. to the ora. The afforested part was valued at £12 10*. Probably to Holeest belonged all the Hampshire land south of Ringwood, and west of the Avon, with the exception of the manor and borough of Twynam. 110 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Their property, reckoned in the Confessor's time at £6, was now valued at £8, so that the afforestation work had done them no harm in Egheiete hundred, though in that of Bovere they had lost the profit of eight acres at Andret which had been afforested. Ainod and Alsi. Two of the canons are mentioned by name ; one, Alnod, as holding Bortel of the king. He had held it of the Confessor in parage. It was assessed at one yardland and a half. To it belonged half a ploughland of arable, two slaves, the third part of a mill (valued at 25d.y, and ten and a half acres of meadow, besides two messuages at Twynam. The property had increased in value from 5s. in 1066 to 10s. in 1084. His fellow-priest Alsi held Bailocheslei (worth 20s.) of William, as formerly he held it of Edward. Its assessment in the old time was at one hide and three yardlands, but in 1084 it had dwindled down to three yardlands. To it belonged one plough- land, two slaves in demesne, one villein, one bordman, half a mill (worth 3s.), and j sixteen' acres of meadow made up the rest of his holding. Constitution of Very soon after the compilation of the Domesday Book the troubles of the house at Twynam began. It was made up of twenty-four secular canons, who, after the old English fashion, served duly their own minster and the churches of Herna, Bure- tona, and Prestona. One of them, by name Godric, was looked upon as their heaa. His brethren regarded him not as dean quasi nominis ignorantes, but as the elder and father of the household pro seniore et patrono.A Dean Godric. Godric allowed Aluric (which Aluric ?) to build at Milford a chureh, as a burial- place for himself and his tenants, reserving to the canons the right of appointing the clerk to serve it. (W.)2 Ralph comes Meanwhile Ralph Flambard, Passeflabere, Passeflambard, or Passemblare, came '"restores6" the mnipWynani °f Christchurch and the Island, in part service of fifteen knights. A further notice states that the service by which he held the manor of Christchurch was unknown. His Rumbridge and Langley lands were held as the tenth part of a knight's fee. Under him the Prior of Christchurch held lands and tenements in frankalmoign. It seems that some Oxfordshire fees were held of Christchurch honour. In 1225 the Sheriff of Oxfordshire was ordered to give quittance to Eva de Gray for her scutage, demanded for the army of Bedford on account of the fees she held of Christ church honour, then in the king's charge. It appears that her son, John de Beau- champ, was with the army. In 1304 Giles de Brewosa and his wife Beatrice were seized of the revenues of Crowch manor, in Oxfordshire, held of Christchurch honour. Some parts of their Christchurch holdings it would appear that the Rivers family underlet ; so at least we might explain the notice that in 1252 William de Avenill died seized of the manor of Eseleghe and the manorial court of Christchurch. In 1246 an order was given to the sheriffs to take into charge for the king all the lands which had belonged to Baldwin de l'Isle, late Earl of Devon. In 1262 Baldwin de l'Isle, Earl of Devon, died seized of the manors of Little Fakeham, Langley, Rumbridge, Christchurch Castle, and Hinton ; the revenues of Freshwater, Westover and Ermine, and Bonecome manors ; the revenues of Lyming ton borough, lands in Westover and Essele, the hundred of Holehurst, fees at Sway, Holway, Farnehall, Wailneleslegh, Dunkton, Beminton, Sopele, Arnewode, Hord- hull, and Halechurch ; and the manor of Carisbrook castle, with its knights' fees and hundred. In 1280 Robert Aguyllon and Margaret his wife2 were summoned to show cause why they claimed the rights of sea wreck, return of writs, placitum de vetito namio (1) It is worth notice that, whereas Richard de Redvers, Ponyngges, of whom more hereafter, Robert de Cokefend, who died 1184, originally bore a griffin, after his marriage Ralph FitzBernard, and Andrew de Sakervill. with the daughter of Reginald, Earl of Cornwall, bastard Margaret, Robert's wife, has been wrongly identified son to Henry I., he bore a lion rampant. with the Margaret of p. 115, who, after her husband the His wife's first cousin, William, Earl of Gloucester, third Baldwin's death, became in 1213 wife to Falk de who died 1182, bore a lion statantguardant; aud Ralph, Breans. That Margaret died in 1251. The Margaret of Earl of Chester, who married the youngest daughter of the text, Robert's wife, who died forty years later, was Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and died in 1155, bore a lion previously wife to the fifth Baldwin, Isabella's brother, rampant. and grandson to the other Margaret. (2) In the lifetime of Isabella de Fortibus, in the Robert d'Agulon bore gules, a fleur-de-lis argent. reign of Edward I., Robert de Aguyllon, and his wife, After Joan de Agulon became wife to John de Mohun, Margaret, held Lambeth from Isabella, in part of John or his son stuck into the mauuch in his coat a hand Margaret's dower. Robert's heirs were Lncas de holding the Agulon fleur-de-lis. CHRISTCHURCH. 117 (making an unreasonable distraint), free gallows, assize of bread and beer at Christ- Privileges of church. Their answer was that they did not claim the return of writs, and-that the chrisTchurch other privileges Margaret held in dowry from Isabella de Fortibus. Isabella appeared and showed that to the manor in question belonged a free hundred with its privileges. The right of sea wreck had been held by the lords of the manor from before the time of Richard I. William de Giselham answered, touching the right of wreck, that it had been held by Richard, Earl of Cornwall, on the king's account when he was guardian of young Baldwin de l'Isle (Isabella's father), but that the Redvers' family never had enjoyed it in their own right. Upon all which the jury decided that Isabella's ancestors had the right of wreck time out of mind. The jury also decided that the practice of holding, by the bailiff of the manor, pleas of unlawful distress levied upon tenants of the manor, placitum de namio vetito, was first established by Baldwin, Isabella's father, in the time of Henry III. To Roger de Garden, his wife Joan, and their heirs, Isabella' de Fortibus gave the other holders hundred of Christchurch, with the custody of the warren which lay to the east of the ° th* ords,"P- town — a grant afterwards confirmed by the king. Margaret de Rivers, Countess of Devon, was at her death — 1290 — seized of the manors of Christchurch, Freshwater, and Wroscoll. Meanwhile the Priory of Christchurch prospered. We find its prior now and then The priory appointed judge in matters ecclesiastical and others. Thus, in 1230, the Pope prosi,ers- appointed him to decide a question between the house of St. Michael's Mount (Cornwall) and the Abbey of Beaulieu, touching the rectory of St. Keveran. Nicholas, Prior of Christchurch, with Andrew, Abbot of Quarr, Walter (?), Prior of Breamore, John de l'Isle, John de Campeney, Martin de Chanfleur, Richard de Offeton, Henry de Trenchard, Waleran Trenchard, Robert de Alba Mora, William Spiieman, Eustace Fucher, Niel de Bocland, Simon (?) de Arnewode, Simon (?) de Essebury, William Lion, and others, witnessed the charter by which Baldwin de Redvers gave to the burgesses of Lymington certain liberties, confirming the grant which they had received from William de Redvers. We find in 1284 the Prior of Christchurch fining with the king six marks for leave of entering upon a lay fee in Christchurch. For a like licence in 1287 he paid two marks. For entering upon a lay fee at Christchurch without the king's leave he was, in 1310, fined 40s. The Prior of Christchurch was in 1290 returned as the holder of possessions, lands, &c, worth £2 10s. Ad. at Christchurch ; £6 12s. 6d. at Somerford ; £3 18s. at Bulleford (Blachford ?) ; 10s. at Wulhelte (Walhampton?); £1 6s. 8d. at Ballokeshulle ; £2 4s. 6d. at Hamstede ; £12 at Nyngewode ; £6 2s. 8d. at Apse; and 12s. 6d. at Blakedone. Among the holdings in Salisbury diocese were a portion worth £1 in Iwern- minster church and Hinton chapel ; the church of Fleet in Bridport deanery, worth 118 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Christchurch lordship in the king's hands. Grants to the canons. Christchurch improperlytallaged. to the prior as rector £A ; and temporalities at Bridport, 10s. ; Flete, £3 2s. Ad. ; Istone, £7 10s. ; Puddleton, £20 , Wartinglangville, £1 Is. The rectory of Christchurch and its appendant chapel were valued at £36 13s. Ad. In 1291 1 Isabella de Fortibus having before her death granted the manor of Christchurch and all her holdings in the Isle of Wight to the king and his heirs, to be held for ever of her and her heirs, the king committed the custody of the manor, &c, to the care of John Fitz Thomas, his seneschal of the New Forest. It has been inferred, but without sufficient reason, from a notice of the canons in 1293, that they were at that time Prasmonstratians. In 1300 the canons received the grant of a market and fair at Piddleton. Other royal grants were made to the prior in 1284, 1318 (two in that year), and 1320. In 1304 the prior and canons complained that whereas Isabella de Fortibus had given them the tithe of rabbits within the parish of the manor of Thorley, in the Isle of Wight, William Russell, the king's warden of the island, refused to allow them their right. In 1310 a royal order was made on behalf of the rector of Christchurch. Christchurch was one of the places milawfully taxed in the time of Edward II. It appears that in 1312 the king levied a sixth upon all his demesnes, and amongst them fined with Ringwood for eleven marks, Christchurch 109s. l\d., Westover ten marks, Burton four marks, and Doneketon (Downton) 20s. Thereupon a complaint was laid against John Moryz and his fellow tallagers, alleging that at those places the tenants of Isabella the queen were not in ancient demesne or liable to tallages, and that they contributed to the county assessment. Domesday Book was therefore searched, and on June 16, 1324, the king relieved from their tallages all the complainants except the men of Ringwood, whom he, on the authority of Domesday Book, declared to be in ancient demesne. About that time John Bardolph had the wardship of Christchurch Castle, with the manors of Lymington and Breamore. In 1314 he petitioned for settlement of his account and payment of the money due to him thereupon. In 1319 John Tirenache (Tyrevache ?) enfeoffed the prior in a messuage and land at Christchurch. Meanwhile, in 1321, a charter of liberties had been granted to Christchurch. By a deed dated at Christchurch the Monday before St. Margaret's Day, 1323, Edmund the Prior of Christchurch gave to Walter, Abbot of Quarr, a yearly rent (1) Yet it appears that it was by deed dated the Monday before Martinmas, 1293, that Isahella de Fortibus gave np to the king, for 6,000 marks of silver, all the Isle of Wight, Christchurch, Lambeth, and Vauxhall. In the exemplification of 1337 Vauxhall is specified as another manor in Lambeth parish. The sale was ratified by the king, and confirmed by parliament in 13-16. The king, nevertheless, gave the profits of her manors to her third cousin, Warin de Lisle, one claimant of hei heritage, reserving whatever rights might belong to Hugh, son to Hngh de Courtenay, her second cousin, another claimant. Warin claimed through Warin Fitz Gerald, grandfather to Margery de Rivers, and Hugh through Maria de Courtenay, sister to Baldwin, Margery's husband. CHRISTCHURCH. 119 of eleven pounds of sterlings, and a messuage in Mill Street, Christchurch (once Exchange of (wi-SSI1 S510I18 occupied by Henry Bosse), in exchange for a mill, messuage, &c, at La Throp. The between Quarr rent charge was secured by right of distraint given to the abbey in the premises and a^r^lllst" in the manors of Ningwood and Milford. The deed made the canons of Christchurch responsible to the lords of the fee for the payment of 12d., due yearly for the house in Mill Street, for two cartloads of forage at Michaelmas, and a good cartload of good hay on the day of St. Thomas the Martyr, yearly, to be delivered at costs of the priory at the said house. That deed was witnessed by Sir Ralph de Gorges, Sir John de l'Isle, Sir Maurice le Brun, Sir John de Langeford, Sir Peter de Verm, Sir John de Chaucumbe, knights ; Theobald Russel, John de Glamorgan, William de l'Isle, William Peverel, John de Grimstede, Walter de Butesthorn, and others. We find in the Inquisitiones of 1325, Christiana, wife of Antony de Bedek, entered as holding three-fourths of the revenues of Sefton manor, under the honour of Christchurch. In 1332 or 1333 Elias Deverel, by charter to the prior and canons of Christchurch, Priory acquisi- gave them the advowson and demesne land (or lordship ?) of the house of St Leonard de Rishton, by Palmersbridge, as held of the honour of Cranbourn. For accepting the gift without license from the king they fined ten marks. Other grants and charters were confirmed to the prior in 1342, 1349, 1355, 1369. and 1414. In 1 340 the ninths of Christchurch, according to the return of Roger de Lange, Twynam in William atfe Donne, William de Osmoundesle, and Richard le Pite, came to £21 15s. Ad,. The endowment of the church consisted in three messuages, three ploughlands, and rents worth yearly £8, with small tithes of the yearly value of £1, The prior's ninths were reckoned at 26s. 8d. In 1330 the king made Sir Thomas West governor of Christchurch Castle. Wests and From that time the noble family of Montagu and the knightly house of West ^^1 held between them the honours of Christchurch.1 Sir William de Montagu had, with others, assisted Edward III. in dragging Roger de Mortimer, Earl of March, from the queen's chamber, and in reward of that service received the manors of Cookham, Swainston, Ringwood, Westover, the Castle"1 (?), borough and hundred of Christchurch, and a charter of free warren at Cookham (1) The Montagu chapels are of very early fourteenth and Hereford, bearing it as a crest early in the four- century date. Is it not possible that they were begun by teenth century, and Edward III. granting his own eagle Isabella de Fortibus, and acquired the name they now crtst to William de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury. bear through their subsequent appropriation by her sue- (2) Among the holdings of which he died seized were cessors, the Montacutes ? reckoned the manor, borough, and hundred of Christ- I have not found noticed by any author a certain carved church Twynam, the manors of Ringwood and Swainston, device over the chantry in the north choir aisle of Christ- with their members, &c, but not the castle of Christchurch. church, five times repeated. It represents a bird described I do not find that the castle of Christchurch had been in my note-book as " phoenix (?) collared and badged." included in the grant which bestowed upon Richard de The eagle was a cognizance of the Monthermer and Mon- Redvers his large possessions io that neighbourhood. It tagu families, Ralph de Monthermer, Earl of Gloucester was, however, held by his son and grandson. 120 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The Montagues (Berks, or Crookham, Hants?). The king further, in 1331 (?), gave him and his churcif Cimst" wife all wrecks, waifs, and strays, goods of felons and fugitives, fines, amerciaments, and forfeitures of tenants within the manors of Christchurch Twynam, Ringwood, and Swainston ; and afterwards added to those gifts a charter for a yearly fair at Ringwood. It appears that Cookham was in the earliest grant ; free warren in that manor was given in 1331. Christchurch was granted to him and his wife Catherine in 1335. The earl died January 30, or February 1, 1343-4. His widow Catherine1 had in dowry a toft and ploughland at Watyngwell (Watchingwell) ; Christchurch Castle and manor, &c, being hers for life by the king's gift. She died 1349. William de Montagu left four daughters and one son, who, on the death of his mother Catherine, inherited the manors of Swainston and Brighteston (Brixton), Isle of Wight. In 1385 he obtained a free grant for life of the lordship of the Isle of Wight and Castle of Carisbrook, with their royalties. It was he who, in 1372, sailed from Southampton towards Rochelle for the relief of Thouars ; but after being knocked about for nine weeks by adverse storms, was obliged to return to England. When he marched with King Richard II. to Scotland, he was accompanied by fifty men at arms and one hundred and twenty archers. William de Montagu, second Earl of Salisbury of that name, and lord of the Isles of Man and Wight, died June 2 or 3, 1397. His will was dated at Christchurch the preceding April 20. Among the possessions of which he died seized were the castle, borough, and hundred of Christchurch, with the advowson of its priory ; the manor, hundred, and advowson of Ringwood ; the manor and hundred of Swainston, the manors of West- over and Efford, by Milford ; a toft and ploughland at Watchingwell, the Castle and all the demesne lands at Carisbrook, half and a quarter of a fee at Shirley, near Southampton ; half a fee at Whippingham by the Abbot of Beaulieu, as much at Hordle by the heirs of Geoffrey Foliot, other holdings at Hordle by the Prior of Breamore, at Hordle and Sharprix by Roger Griffin, at Sharprix by John del Lysle, at North Chardeford by John atte Bergh, at Milford, Keyhaven, and Leton by the Prior of Bath ; a quarter of a fee at Sopley by the Earl of Ormond (page 101), and as much by William Moyn ; 2 half a fee at Leton by the Bishop of Salisbury, and a quarter of a fee by the Master of St. John of Jerusalem (page 61), the eighth of a fee at Holeweye by the Prior of Christchurch, and some fifty more holdings in Hampshire. Elizabeth, wife of the second earl, held Christchurch (in dower?) until her death. In 1413 the post mortem inquest jury returned that she died seized of half a fee at (1) Sister to Otho de Grandison, and daughter to Sopley name. We shall presently see that Moyle's Court William Grandison by his wife Sibil, daughter to John owes its name to its some time lords, the de Molis family. Treo-oz. Moyne in some cases is the corruption of Moyle, and in (2) Moyle or Moyne (compare Colvin and Colville, others the preservation uuder its old form of the surname Melville and Melvin, &c), curiously euongh, is still a le Moyne, as le Moigne. CHRISTCHURCH. 121 Hordle, and as much at Sharprix, the borough of Westover, the eighth part of a fee at Hinton Amerle (Admiral), and Ham Preston, as much at Mosechyve, half a fee at Lockerley, a fee at North Chardford, half a fee at Staunton, half and quarter fee at Shirley, Christchurch, and Westover, two-fourths of a fee at Sopley, half a fee at Milford, Keyhaven, and Leton. Sir John de Montagu, great nephew and successor to the second earl, attended the king at the battle of Cirencester, and was there slain (or beheaded after the battle, some authors say), January 5 or 6, 1399-1400. He, with John de Montagu, John de St. John, William de Lisle, the father, and a son of his neighbour Sir Thomas West, had accompanied the king on his unlucky expedition to Ireland the preceding year. Sir John's earldom, as well as his manors of Hunton, Warblington,1 Westover, Ringwood, and Efford, with the castle, borough, and hundred of Christchurch, and the advowsons of Ringwood and Shalfleet, all escheated to the king. Henry IV. restored Hinton and Warblington to Thomas (son of the late earl), and, in 1409, granted him the earldom of Salisbury. The forfeited holdings enumerated as granted to Thomas de Montacute, Earl of Sarum, included the manors of Huton, Warblington, Swainston (held of Carisbrook), Ringwood, Ebbeford, the advowson of Warblington, the Castle of Christchurch (with its appendant fees in Somerset and Dorset), the hundred of Christchurch, the manor and borough of Westover, land at Watchingwell, and thirty- four other holdings in Hampshire. He was the earl " As full of valour as of kindness — Princely in both." With the famous Earl of Salisbury,2 killed in 1428 at the siege of Orleans, that The last of the line of Montagues ended. By his wife Alice, daughter to Thomas Chaucer, and Montasue3- grand-daughter to " Him who left half told The story of Cambuscan bold, Of Camball, and of Algarsife, And who had Canace to wife, That own'd the virtuous ring and glass, And of the wondrous horse of brass On which the Tartar king did ride," he left a daughter Alice, wife to Richard Nevill, son to Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland. During the time of the Montagues the priory had prospered. In 1383 or 1384 the Prior of Christchurch received a grant of free warren at (1) Hinton and Warblington had passed to the king, 1389-90, seized of the manors of Warblington and Hunton. Edward I., by gift of Matthew Fitz John, who died His widow, Margaret, held them for life; and on her death, childless. Matthew's father, John, was younger brother March 24, 1394-5, they passed to her son, Sir John de to Peter, who died 39 Henry HI., and son to Matthew, Montagu the younger. younger brother of Peter Fitz Herbert, the " evil coun- (2) " In thirteen battles Salisbury o'ercame, sellor " of King John. Afterwards we find Sir John de Henry the fifth he first trained to the wars." Montagu (brother to the second earl), who died February 25, Henry VI., Act i. Sc. 4. VOL. III. R 122 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Christchurch Priory in the days of the Montagues. John Fromond a Christchurch landowner. Somerford, Ashe, Balloksley, Mulleford, Sweye, Knape, Hampstede, and Ningewode, and in the Dorsetshire and other demesnes of the priory. A record of 1392 notes that the canons had received at Christchurch, Twynham, and North Chyveton (Chewton), two messuages, a garden, with seventeen acres and a rood of arable from Henry Baker and others ; and at Hurne, Knapp, Okebere, and Christchurch, eight tofts, one hundred and twenty acres of arable, twelve of meadow, and as many of pasture from Isabella Ponynges, daughter and heiress to Hugh de St. John. She reserved to herself her manor of Basing. It appears by a grant to the prior, made 1392 by John Boys, parson of Hamme Mowen, that the said John and others at that time held the Castle of Christchurch. In 1399 a full confirmation was given to the Prior of Christchurch of manors, lands, right of common in the New Forest, &c, and other liberties granted by William Rufus and divers Earls of Devon. It is noted in the grant that the priory was a deanery in the days of Kings William and Stephen. It appears that the powerful neighbours of the canons had a little taken advan tage of their position, and trespassed on the priory property. William de Wykeham claimed damages from the Montagues for injury done to the houses adjoining the precincts : and in 1404 Sir Thomas West had to pay £100 for encroachments. It seems that the great men quartered themselves in the priory hall and the prior's chamber. {W.) In that year the bishop allowed the canons to destroy the old and inconvenient sub-prior's lodging. In 1406 John Plecy died seized of five messuages at Christchurch. Ten years later there is a like notice of John Plecy (his son) holding lands, tenements, and rents at Christchuroh. In 1414 Blandford Church was appropriated to the priory; and in 1428 the canons received the grant of Knapp mill. We find, in 1415, a confirmation given to the canons of all their manors, lands, profits, common rights, liberties, &c. Other charters were granted to them 1447 and 1461. It appears that good old John Fromond had lands in and near Christchurch. In his will he left legacies — for some a mark, for others a noble — to the collector of his rents at Christchurch, to his bailiffs at Milford, Farnhall, Milton, and Avene (Avon), his farmers at Donketon, Asshele, Henton Markaunt, Henton Bourkownte, Haywode, Hangre, Depeden-Hangre, and Depeden-Poleyn, and to his collector of rents at Depeden-Poleyn. Fromond inherited some of those lands from the family of Farnhall of that ilk. We find the inheritance from Richard Fromond1 to John Esteney and his heirs, (1) Richard Fromond was a man of consideration in compensation to the Southampton men, which was ac- the county. On occasion of a quarrel between the knowledged, April 10, 1323, as a sufficient release by Southampton folks and the people belonging to five Thomas de Bynedon, Hugh and Nicholas Sampson, John Venetian galleys then in port, in which lives had been de Weston, Henry de Lym, and others. To that release lost and property destroyed, the city of Venice made were witnesses John de Scures, the sheriff, with certain Christchurch. CHRISTCHURCH. 123 charged with a pension of ten marks, to be paid to a chaplain for daily celebration of mass at St. Catherine's shrine in the Church of St. Stephen Sparsholt, on behalf of the Fromond, Marsh, Atte-Hangre, Farnhull, and Markhaunt families. The chantry was in the gift of the Esteney family, with right of lapse to the bishop. We have already seen that the West family was connected with Christchurch early in the fourteenth century. Alice, daughter to Reginald Fitz Piers (Fitz Herbert ?), Baron of Wolverley, was The Wests at married to Sir Thomas West.1 By her will, of date July 15, 1395, she left £40 to the canons of Christchurch, and sundry legacies to the nuns of Romsey. She directed that her body should be buried in the priory church,2 where the bodies of her ancestors had been buried. To her sister Lucy Fitz Herbert, Prioress of Shaftes bury, she left £40, and to her other sister Thomasine, a nun at Romsey, forty marks. Her brother, Sir Edward Fitz Herbert, by his will of February 23, 1386, had directed that his body should be buried in the minster of Christchurch ; and had left legacies to his wife Joan, his sister Thomasine (a nun at Romsey), and Lucy (a nun at Shaftesbury). Sir Thomas West the younger (who sat in Parliament as third Baron West) married Joan, daughter to Roger and sister to John and Thomas, Barons de la Warr. He died April 19, 1405, seized of Barton Peverel, Okehanger, Winkton, Newton Valence, Testwood, and Hale manors.3 By his will of April 8, 1405, he ordered that his body should be buried in the New Chapel (probably the existing Lady Chapel), at Christchurch wherein his mother Alicia was buried. Sir Thomas left £1004 to the priory church building fund, £100 to the canons' treasury for the establishment of a mind (that is, an annual memorial mass to be solemnised on behalf of his soul and the souls of his mother Alicia and wife Joan), and £18 18s. Ad. in purchase of 4,500 masses to be said for his soul within six months after his death. knights, namely, John de Lisle, Ingeram Berenger de St. Amand, and on the death of the said Thomas, (vol. ii. p. 125), John de Tycheburn, Roger Wodelock, September 30, 1415, to Reginald, aged then 21, eleven and others. Amongst the witnesses, of lower than years afterwards made Lord De la Warr, and on his knightly rank, were William Peverel, William Woodlock, death, to his son Richard, aged 19. Richard died March, John de Cbicley, Richard de Byflet, Walter le Pareys, 1476, and was succeeded by his son Thomas. Richard Fromond, and Roger le Forester. On the part Sir Thomas West, K.G., Lord De la Warr, by will of of Venice the business was managed by Nicolo Lamber- October 8, 1524, left his manors and lands, generally, to teschi, of Peruzi, and Andrea Bargognoni, of Bordi. his son Thomas, with remainder to his other sons Owen, Henry de Welles and Richard Fromond were the Hamp- George, and Leonard. To Elizabeth, widow of his son shire taxers of 1334. William, he left the manors of Compton Valence. Test- (1) Sir Thomas West, husband to Alice, died Septem- wood, and Wynkton. ber 3, 1386, seized of Oakhanger, Newton Valence, and Alianore, his wife, survived him ; her will of May 10, Testwood manors. 1536, directed that she should be buried beside him in (2) At the first mass. The £40 was for endowment Broadwater church. In that church their monument may of a perpetual mass to be said on her behalf. still be seen. (3) All which lands passed to his son Thomas, aged 14, (4) Compare page 122. He left 6,000 marks for the who afterwards was married to Ida, daughter to Almaric maintenance of six chantry priests. (W.) 124 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The Nevills at Christchurch. Evil days for the priory at hand. The priory dissolved. In 1430 William Bydike, Esq., and Alicia his wife, were returned as holding the Castle and manor of Christchurch, Twynam, with the dependencies thereof. John Caunvyll, Esq., died in 1450 seized in five messuages at Christchurch. Henry VI. granted, with the earldom of Salisbury, the lands of the last earl to his daughter Alicia and her husband Richard Nevill. The instrument was of date May 12, 1454, by which Robert Danby (Chief Justice of Common Pleas), Nicholas Bynbish (a clerk), Christopher Conyers, Robert Constable, Thomas Stockdale, and Richard Weltden, enfeoffed, with certain other persons then dead, of the manors of Ringwood, Warblington, Hinton, Westover, and Swainston (Isle of Wight), the hundred, castle, and borough of Christchurch, and the manors of Earl's Stoke in Wiltshire gave a twelve-years' lease of the same at a red-rose rent to Richard, Earl of Salisbury, and his wife Alesia (Alicia or Alice). From his " great father-in-law, renowned Warwick," George, the " false, fleet ing, perjured Clarence," murdered 1477, in right of his wife Isabella (who died aged 15), held the manors of Christchurch, Ringwood, Hinton, Swainston, Brixton, Thorley, Wellow, and Warblington, with the Castle of Christchurch and advowson of its priory. In the time of Richard III. one John Hoton, warden of the New Park, in the Forest, had for life the offices of constable of the castle and steward of the lordship of Christchurch, The daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, and the last of the Salisbury line who held Christchurch hundred, borough, and manor, was Margaret, the old Countess, beheaded May 27, 1541. Meanwhile, the destruction of the priory was fast approaching. So lately as 1510 had they received a confirmation of their liberties, William Eyre had made their choir the admiration of the country, and his successor, John Draper, Bishop of Neapolis (not Naples, I imagine, but some Neapolis in partibus infideUum), was busily at work on the south transept, when the threatenings of a general confiscation of church lands — long heard, but scarcely heeded — became so loud that the good canons could be deaf to them no longer. Prior Draper memorialised the king on behalf of his house, setting forth its great commodity to the country round, which without it would afford no shelter or hospitality to wayfarers for, in some directions, eight or nine, and in others sixteen or eighteen miles together. The canons had not only kept up their old services and alms, by which for centuries past their neighbours had profited, but they had further added thereto, at the king's desire, a weekly reading in divinity. All which, notwithstanding, the destruction of Christchurch Priory was decreed, and on November 28, 1539, carried into effect. In 1535 the priory of Christchurch was returned at £543 6s. 0\d. (including the £15 from the vicarage of the parish, held by the sacrist of the priory), a pound of pepper and a pound of eummin, gross revenues ; the reprisals (alms, fees, and other charges upon the priory), amounting to the enormous sum of £230 19s. CHRISTCHURCH. 125 The vicarage, at that time held by John Smith, was worth, in farm of glebe land, The vicarage of tithes, oblations, &c, £16. Of that income £1, from confessionals and what now-a- days we should call " surplice fees," was not reckoned in the estimate of the priory income. By another and later account, it appears that the vicar had a house next the church court (the building west of the north transept ?), and received the corody of a canon, two loaves daily (one of coarse and the other of fine bread), two flasks of wine, two loaves for his servant, and on Sunday two pence, with the surplus bread remaining after the celebration of the Eucharist. Four quarters of straw for his own bed every great holytide, confessionals, and what now would be called " surplice fees," five waggon-loads of turf, oats, and grass for his horse, were other items in his income, amounting in gross to £28 2s. 10a?. (W.) After the suppression of the priory, John Smith, the vicar, received yearly £26 in money from the Dean and Chapter of Winchester, out of which he had to pay the stipends of two priests — one at Christchurch, and the other to serve Holdenhurst Chapel. In the distribution of the priory possessions, their records, &c, were given to The canons Richard Poulett, Esq., the receiver ; the church cloister, dormitory, chapter-house, p "Q ere ' fratry (canons' common room), infirmary, subprior's lodging, outer cloister, gallery chapel in cloister, and adjoining houses, were all to be destroyed as superfluous ; the prior's lodgings, hall, butlery and kitchen, and solar, gatehouse, brewery, &c, William Avery, Esq., was to keep for the king ; two of the seven bells (the other five were given to the parish), weighing 1,800 lbs., 38 foders of lead from the roofs of the superfluous buildings, 26 oz. of gold plate, 664 of silver gilt, 587 of silver parcel gilt, and 655 of silver — 1,907 oz. in all (fractions of ounces reckoned in sum but not in detail), went to the king. The valuation of November 28, 1539, gave the revenues of the priory at £519 3s. 6\d. ; fees and annuities amounted to £75 4s. 5d. So large were the deductions from gross receipts, that the net income was reckoned at no more than £312 7s. 9a?. The details of their income ran thus : — Details of the Christchurch — assized rents of free tenants, lis. ; customary tenants and tenants p un er' at will, £19 12s. ; farm of tofts, lately the site of tenements burnt by accident, 5s. Ad. ; master's rent, 10s. ; farm of the manor, its mill, &c, £96 12s. 2d. ; per quisites of court, 18s. Id. ; farm of the rectory, £40 ; pensions, £1 2s. 10a?. Somerford — assized rents of free tenants, £1 3s. ; customary tenants, £53 7s. 8d. ; sojourners, redd' mobil ', 6s. 8a?.; herbage, pasture, &c, £2 8s. Ad. ; larder silver, £2 15s. 9^d. ; recognisances of tenants, 7a?. ; farm of the manor, £10 7s. 4a?. ; court perquisites, £2 5s. South Chewton and Ashes — farm of the manor, £13 16s. Gorely — assized tenants, 2s. 126 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The revenues Brockhampton — land rents, 4s. of the priory. Gunter, Ruckham, and Radcliffe meadow, £2 6s. Ad. Hinton — customary tenants, 16s. 8a?. ; farm of the mansion-house, &c, £8 3s. 10a?. Hurn — free tenants, 4a?. ; customary, £25 15s. \\d. ; land lately in demesne, £3 12s. 8«?. ; labour of customary tenants, £1 9s. 5a?. ; sojourners, 5s. 8a?. ; farm of marsh land, 8s.; farm of manor, £8 19s. Milford — customary tenants, £3 3s. ; farm of the site of the manor, £7 6s. 8a?. ; farm of the rectory,1 £15 3s. 4a?. Swartelingshill (p. 62) — assized rents, 5s. Sway — farm of the manor, £2 13s. 4a?. ; farm of the rectory,2 £2. Paynshill3 — farm of the mansion-house, &c, £3 6s. 8a?. Ningwood — assized rents, 10s. 4a?. ; customary tenants, £14 2s. lid.; farm of the manor, with farm of Thorley4 rectory, £22 13s. 4a?. Shalfleet — customary tenants, £2 Is. 4a?. North Hamstede — farm of land, &c, £5 6s. 8a?. East Hamstede — farm of land and pasture, £2 6s. 8a?. Southdowne — farm of the rectory, £1 13s. 4a?. Apse — assized rents, 15s. la?.; customary tenants, £11 13s. 11 a?. ; farm of the manor, £14 15s. 8d. Blackdown — farm of a messuage, £1 6s. 8a*. Barnardsleigh — free tenants, £1 0s. 6a?. ; customary, £10 16s. lOd. ; labours of customary tenants, 2s. 2a?. ; sojourners, 3s. ; farm of the manor, £5 6s. 8d. Hynbury — farm of the manor, £10 13s. 4a?. Estynton— customary tenants, £1 13s. 4a?. ; farm of the mansion-house, &c, £19 3s. 6d. Fleet — farm of the manor, £17. Odiknolle and Chameleygh, farm of the manor, £10 3s. 2a?. Odiknulle — perquisites of court, 8s. Avon and Ripley — rents and farm, 17s. 6a?. In which enumeration their Dorsetshire and other lands lying out of Hampshire are not recited, nor their Hampshire holdings, which have been already noticed.5 The priory owed a good deal of money at that time. Probably enough the building works under priors Eyre and Draper6 (the misfortune which, as we have (1) In 1535 the vicarage of Milford, held by John (5) As, for example, Sopley rectory, of which the Davy, was worth, in gross, £20 17*. 5%d., with deduc- vicarage held in 1 535 by Richard Good, was worth to tions of 4*. 6d. for procurations and synodals. him in gross £13 6*. 8^., or £12 16*. §d. in net income. (2) John Cook, registrar of the diocese, who farmed At Boldre, John Elmes, executor to William Brace- it, was 28*. in arrears. bridge, the late vicar, owed the canons £14 6*. 8d., or (3) Farmed by John Kirkley, the elder, who owed £8 five years' arrears of pension charged upon the vicarage, arrears of rent. (p. 45). (4) The vicarage of Thorley, vacant in 1535 through (6) Poor John Draper, probably, was the builder of the death of Philip Watershel, was at that time worth the entrance lodge, south west of the church of his old £7, subject to procurations amounting to 15d. priory. CHRISTCHURCH. 127 seen, happened at Beaulieu in earlier days, p. 83, and has been the trouble of a The priory in good many people in later times) had brought the canons into debt Among their creditors were two Southampton men, John Mille, the recorder (vol. ii. p. 289), £24 2s. 8a?. for ale and wine ; Roger Thomas, £4 for a pair of organs. Several pensions were, February 7, 1540, granted to the prior and others. The prior and Draper's was two hundred marks by the year. Further, he was granted for life the sioned. priory grange at Somerford, where he died Michaelmas Day, 1552 (?). Other pensions were of smaller amount — William Skeyte,1 for example, and John Tulse,3 receiving each £6 yearly ; Richard South, Thomas Hancocke, and William Clark, each ten marks. Some of John Draper's predecessors belonged to well-known Hampshire families, Priors °f for mer days. such as Richard de Bettesthorne, March 27, 1337; Robert de Legh, installed August 23, 1340; Ralph de Legh by one account was admitted August 21, 1340; Henry Eyre, installed March, 1347 ; John Borard, November 8, 1398 ; and William Eyre, January 26, 1502 : he died December 6, 1520. It seems that there were two priors of the name John Draper — one the founder of Draper's chapel ; made prior 1477. He preceded, as John Draper the second succeeded, William Eyre. John Draper the second became prior January 31, 1520, and, as we have seen, outlived his priory. The first prior, whose grave is still extant (it is near that of subprior Say), was, Richard Maury, appointed to the office May, 1286, and died 1302. Nicholas de Sturminster, a thirteenth century prior, was lord of Hinton. Mr. Walcott gives an account of the services and alms of the priory. High mass, Priory services morning mass, private masses, and fourteen hundred other masses yearly, were among the services. The alms were large and frequent. By order of William Quentin (prior April 3, 1302), when a canon died the poor received one hundred loaves, fifty on the day of his obit, and as many on its morrow, and for the dead year the whole amount of his dinner portion. Food and clothing were given away to the poor on Shrove Tuesday. From published notes of Mr. Walcott, I give the following summary of chantries maintained and anniversaries observed at Christchurch : — On May 6, 1321, John Golde de la Pole founded a corody for a secular clerk to (1) He was curate of the chapel at Hinton, endowed Herbert, Esq., in the short parliament of 1640, and in by Sir John Sewer and others, with lands and tenements the following Long Parliament, his colleague then being at Foston, Dorset, worth nearly five marks by the year. Matthew Davis, Esq. They were in that parliament Skeate is still a common Hampshire name. succeeded by John Kemp and Richard Edwards, Esqs. (2) Tulse was a Lymington and Hinton name. Henry Tulse, of Hinton, Esq., was, 1660, made freeman Elizabeth, wife to Henry Tulse, of Hinton, died April of Lymington. 27, 1632, and was buried in the chancel of Christchurch The burgesses for Christchurch, in the parliament of Priory church. William Tulse, of Hinton, gentleman, 1679, were Sir Thomas Clarges and Henry Tulse, Esq. was admitted burgess of Lymington, 1645. Another Henry Hulse in 1682, and in 1698 William Henry Tulse, Esq., sat for Christchurch, with Arnold Tulse, Esq., were admitted burgesses of Lymington. and alms. 128 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. chantries and say mass at the altar of St. Nicholas. Drago Bardolf, Thursday after Michaelmas, anniversaries. ld5^ ordered that his body should be buried before the altar of SS. Peter and Paul. Other chantries were founded by William Lynn, William and Mabel de Redvers, Roger and Keleswysa Martel, Ralph Bardolph, and others, for the Earl Baldwin, Edward de Porchester, Roger, Rector of Portesham, Joan Bruere (p. 115), and her father the Earl William, Ralph Kelet, and his wife, Gunnora. Anniversaries were observed in pious memory of Kadelwyse de Rous, Bishop Peter de Roche, Roger de Abbotsbury, William Herford and his wife, Queen Elinor, Geoffrey de Anne and his wife Alicia, Joan Briwer (see above), William and Elizabeth Everard, William de Montagu and his wife Katharine, John Tyrevache (William Tyrevache was made Prior of Christchurch, March 18, 1345), William Smedemar, William Mascharel, Jordan de l'Isle, Richard de Orestuel, Roger Martel, and Eustace de Kenton. Chapels and The chapels and their altars at Christchurch were those of St Saviour (the choir altars. high altar), and St. Stephen, consecrated by the Bishop of Ross, January, 1199; the Holy Trinity (the nave or north aisle high altar), and SS. Peter and Paul, consecrated 1214, by the Bishop of Whitherne ; St. Augustine, November, 1214; SS. John Baptist and Edmund, December, 1214 ; SS. Michael and Martin, conse crated 1221, by the Bishop of the Isles;1 an altar of St. Nicholas, and one of the Holy Rood. The cartulary. The cartulary of the priory is contained in two huge folio volumes of the Cottonian library. Before the fire of October 23, 1731, in which the book was much injured, it must have been a manuscript of great clearness and beauty. In looking through it I have noted same details of special interest, although, indeed, the whole cartulary well deserves publication. Among the benefactors to the priory whose gifts to the canons are in the cartulary recorded, we find Alan Plunkenet, who gave to their chapel of St. Mary 12s. yearly rents charged on his manor of Ehng (p. 6) ; and Isabella Walrond (vol. ii. p. 18),2 Ralph de Brockenhurst,3 and William Spiieman4 (p. 42), who gave the suit of court of Brockenhurst manor; Peter Spiieman, who confirmed a grant made to the canons of one croft at Brockenhurst, (1) For this summary, as for some other of the fore- a villein, with his lands, chattels, and followings, and all going details, I am indebted to an interesting paper by the abbey possessions in Burgate, Gorley, and elsewhere, Mr. Walcott, published in the Gentleman's Magazine. held of his fee. (2) The silver seal of Isabella Waleran was found some Among the other witnesses were Mr. John de Chipsall, years ago at Ewshott, in Crondall parish. Archdeacon of London, and Sirs William de Amblione, (3) Sir Richard de Brokenhurst gave Beaulieu Abbey Robert de Mere, Robert Punchardnn, Nicholas de Rann- a yearly rent of one pound of wax, charged upon a mes- ville, Henry de Hecche, and John Herris. suage he held in the town of Lemeton (Lymington). He Under the Lady Matilda de Estour, lady of Gatcombe — ¦ directed that his body should be buried at Beaulieu. who, under Isabella de Fortibns, held five fees, retaining (4) William Spiieman witnessed the confirmation by in demesne for herself the manors of Gatcombe and Whit- John de Rivers of a grant to Beaulieu Abbey from John, well, and for her son and heir, William de Estour, the his half-brother, son to Geoffrey de Neville and Mar- manor of Colbourne — we find William Spiieman holding gery, widow of Richard de Rivers, of Philip de Herda, of the fifth of a fee at Haygford, Geoffrey de l'Isle succeed- Halnelle and Burgate, and William le Hert de Stuketon ing Robert Giros in the fourth of a fee at Meston and CHRISTCHURCH. 129 and himself gave them a sixpenny rent charged upon his Brockenhurst lands — all Priory ben which was confirmed by William Spiieman the elder, and afterwards by William Spiieman the younger.' William Spiieman exchanged with the Prior of Christchurch certain lands at Milford for others at Brockenhurst. Several members of the Foliot1 family are mentioned in the cartulary — Roger and Sampson as benefactors of the canons, William and another as giving them lands at Wyppingham. Walter de Grymstede, John Grymstede, John Isembard, Roger Sampson, John Pykot, Hugh and Richard Peverel, Henry Trenchard,2 Aline and Jordan de Brockley (p. 41) Adam de Cumpton, are mentioned amongst the Christchurch benefactors. John Lillebon, son to Roger Lillebon, gave the canons 3s. in rents at South ampton. Roger de Escures, in a deed witnessed by his son Matthew de Scures, Geoffrey de Albemarle, Walter de Andeli, and others, gave them a tenement at Portsmouth. Roger de Tycheburn gave a four-shilling rent, touching which there was a dispute, in the time of Henry HI., between the said Roger, and William Sulwell, and John le Frys holding the eighth of a fee at Gatcombe. The Staffordshire Spilemans bore two coats, or two leopards passant, and argent a chevron engrailed sable between three gules. (I) The Foliots were of note in Devonshire and Here fordshire. Gilbert Foliot, the opponent of Becket, born at Tamerton Foliot, was Abbot of Gloucester, Bishop of Hereford 1148-, of Loudon 1163, excommunicated by Becket 1169, preached on the occasion of the king's penance at Canterbury, July 12, 1174, and died February IS, 1187. His cousin, Archdeacon Robert Foliot, the friend of Becket, is said to have been made Bishop of Hereford in 1 1 74. In 1179 he was one of the four English bishops present at the Lateran council, when Alexander HI. ex communicated the Waldenses and Albigenses. He died 1186. Hugh Foliot, Archdeacon of Salop, founded and endowed Ledbury hospital. He became Bishop of Here ford 1219, and died 1234, Richard Foliott hove gules, a bend argent. Walter Fullet in the thirteenth century held two ploughlands at Exbury by service for forty days in England of a man-at-arms. Walter Feillit received from Beaulieu Abbey a place near Ocresbiry (Exbury), his town, on which to re-make the ancient weir in aqua sua de Hotre, which ran from the abbey. He undertook to pay is. * year for the grant whether he made the weir or not, and promised not to fish in the Hotre. Ralph Fuylett de Ocresbiri (Exbury) confirmed to Beaulieu Abbey the tenement held of him in Leepe by Geoffrey de Leepe, and his • marsh, lying between the marsh of his brother, Richard Foylet, and the land of William Glos. Within the bailiwick of Richard Foillet were one hundred acres, granted in his non-age, and afterwards confirmed, to Beaulieu Abbey by Henry III. Their VOL. in. bounds are described as "de aqua- qua vocatur Stere per la Herdesland usque ad viam Regiam extra boscum qui ducit ad Harisbur, et sic per viam illam de longo in longum usque ad caput de Oterewode versus orient?, et sic de Oterewode ad la Dureshul," and so on to the monks' close. One is strongly tempted to find in Otterwood the Otreode of Domesday Book, and identify the Otre with the stream now known as Dark Water, which falls into the Solent east of Leap. It appears that the source of the Otre was in a copse at Lyndhurst, within the holding of Henry Fitz Herbert the forester. The charter just cited of Henry III. thus describes the course of the Otre. It lays down the Beaulieu boundary line as going "a capite fossati de Henne- auenes Orchard usque ad Hayam super Humhull, et sic per medium eandem Hayam directe versus boream usque ad aquam qua descendit in Penmore, et sic descen- dentes per eandem aquam usque ad aquam qua vocatur Otere, et sic per eandem aquam de Otere descendendo usque ad Relheresford, et inde divertendo de eadem aqua per fossatum quod Rex Ricardus avunculus noster fieri fecit per divisam baillia de Angulis et baillia de Lind- hurst, usque ad caput pradicti fossati de Henneguenes Orchard." Of the two hundred and thirty-nine acres occupied by the monks without leave, but afterwards given, to them by the k'Dg, forty-three and a half were at Oterewode. At Scireborne were sixty-two and a half, at Hariford eleven and a half, at Suthle one hundred and twenty and a half, and at Penwordleby one. (2) Under Isabella de Fortibus we find Henry Tren chard holding one fee, of which he held in demesne the manors of Schaldefiet, Chestele, and Whatingewelle. John Trenchard held of him the eighth part of a fee at Shal- fleet. Henry held a thirteenth, and the lord of Whitefield an eighth part of a fee, at Bernardesleghe. S 130 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE Grant of tne priory site. The church. Sale of the rectory. Vicars of Chriitchurch. de Aulton on behalf of the prior. The grant was confirmed by John de Tyche- born. John de Henlee gave, and Robert, Earl of Leicester, confirmed, a grant of land at Barnardslee. John de Farnhu'll gave 12a?. in rents to their chapel of the Blessed Mary, and Richard de Famhull gave them land at Farnhull. Alicia (?) — p. 41 — de Burley gave land at Burley, and Nigel de Keyhaven at Keyhaven. William de Keyhaven gave land at Leton, Ralph Olbert land at Walhampton, Henry de Pont Omer a saltern at Peniton, Mansery Byset two tenements at Gorley, and Isolde Byset one at Stocketon, Aline de Stamputte his demesne lands at Stampit, Roger de Staunton a yardland at Sopley. Roger de Langton gave them land at Sopley, and John le Campeney sold them a manor at Winkton (see p. 101). It appears that there was on it a chapel. So, in the time of Henry de Pont Omer,1 there was at Pennington cantaria in capella de Penytone, and one at Buckland founded by Roger de Buckland.2 The site of the priory was by the king, September 14, 1539, granted to Stephen Kirton and Margaret his wife, to be held by service of the fortieth of a knight's fee, and a rent of 31s. 6£a7. It appears that on October 23, 1540, at the petition of Edward Lewyn and Robert Westbury, gentlemen, and Thomas Hancock and James Trym, yeomen, churchwardens and inhabitants of Christchurch, the churchwardens and inhabitants of the parish were incorporated, and granted the priory church, its churchyard (which afterwards, in the time of Charles I., they gave up to the vicar), and seven bells. The grant of Henry VIII. was confirmed in 1611. Christchurch rectory, with the appendant patronage of the vicarage, after the suppression of the priory, belonged to the Dean and Chapter of Winchester, but was sold by them to Lord Malmesbury early in this century. But few of the post- Reformation vicars of Christchurch need here be noticed. William White was instituted to the vicarage in 1577. John Imber became vicar in 1640. He was "plundered and imprisoned."3 In 1647 his vicarage was sequestered, and one John Warner, a Presbyterian,4 was appointed to its cure. In 1660 John Warner gave place again to John Imber.5 Imber died 1671. Henry Goldwyer succeeded him in 1673. (1) Henry de Pont Omer, for the soul's health of him self, his wife, his son Henry, qui in domo Belli Loci requiescit, kinsmen aud ancestors gave Beaulieu Abbey a rent of 4*. charged upon his house at Peniton. Agnes, his daughter and coheiress, widow of Richard Heyrmite, further gave the abbey land in Pennington marsh, qui est infra fossatum abbatis et monackorum. (2) Under Nicholas Bernard, Vicar of Boldre, Edmuud Colnet, in the middle of the sixteenth century held the ehapel of Buckland, endowed with lands and tenements worth 53*. id. yearly. For this statement I am in debted to the kindness of Mr. Walcott. (3) His neighbour, Christopher Ayry, B.D., Vicar of Milford, did not lose his benefice, but was otherwise a sufferer in the times of the Long Parliament. (4) A curions notice exists of an instrument by which in 1651 the parents of baptised children promised to bring them, when nine years old, to Mr. Warner, that they might be confirmed in their baptismal covenant. (5) Others of the neighbourhood then ejected were CHRISTCHURCH. 131 Mr. Batt was vicar in the middle of the last century. Among benefactors to the church were Henry Pilgrim, at whose, cost, in 1616 church bene- the Commandment tables were stuck up; William Colhill (Colgill?), and his wife Margaret, who in 1617 gave a silver plate to the church ; John Marston, Ruber's predecessor in the vicaragej who in 1617 gave the glass windows of St. Michael's loft, " one ritch coupe," and other church furniture. The borough of Christchurch is, as we have seen, of remote antiquity. From The borough. Richard and Baldwin de Redvers the burgesses of Christchurch received sundry privileges, such as the right of arresting and detaining thieves, the toll on salt sold within the borough, and 10s. yearly out of other tolls levied in the town, which formerly had been worth £4, but in Baldwin's time came to only 70s. The second Earl Baldwin gave them the tolls, customs, &c, belonging to Its charters. St. Faith's fair,1 judicial perquisites only except. Also he released them from the necessity of paying head money for their children ; and, for a rent of 30s. yearly, sold them common of pasture during the open time in Stokemede, Bere Mede, and Bernardes Mede. We find an order dated Winchester, July 11, sent in 1225 to the bailiffs of Jurisdiction of Christchurch, by which they were commanded, the king's precept for detaining all Cliffs0 "" ships- from the dominions of the King of France notwithstanding, to release the boat of Nicholas le Moyne de Barbefle (Barfleur), which had touched at La Hurste.2 It seems that Robert de Bockinge, bailiff to Robert de Aquilon, by accident broke the seal off the Redvers charter. In order, therefore, to prevent any future disputes about the validity of the grant, the charter was enrolled among the king's pleas, Easter, 1279. In 1314 the burgesses of Christchurch received a- full confirmation of all their liberties, those particularly specified which they held de Baldwino quondam Comite Exon'', ac de Baldwino de Rivers quondam Comite Devon fy Domino Insulce. Whilst Warin de l'Isle received the profits of Christchurch, the borough was Robert Tntchin from Brockenhurst, who afterwards had the account of the castle furnished by famous John a congregation at Lymington ; Thomas Brown of Elling- Taylor, the water-poet, in his narration of a water voyage ham, John Huddesley of Rockbourne, of St. Benet's, in 1630, made from London to Salisbury : — Cambridge, M.A., who after his troubles and imprison- " On Tuesday morning we with maine and might ment, settled at Salisbury. From Portsmouth crost unto the Isle of Wight : (1) Afterwards we find notice of another fair granceo By Cowes stout castle, we to Yarmouth hasted, by Henry III. in 1258, to Baldwin de l'Isle (that is Aud still the wiudes' and seas' fierce fury lasted. Baldwin de Redvers, Earl of Devon, and Lord de l'Isle), On Wednesday we to Hnrst's strong castle crost, in his manor of Christchurch. Most dangerously rows'd, turmoyl'd and tost ; (2) We have seen that the port of Southampton ex- Good harbour there we found and nothing deere, tends to Hurst Castle. It appears from the notice in the 1 thank kinde Mr. Figge the porter there, text that Hurst Point itself was reckoned within the He shewed us there a castle of defence liberties of Christchurch. In modern days the castle has Most useful, of round circumference : been looked upon as belonging, quoad spiritualia, to Hordle Of such command, that none could passe those seas parish. For his ministrations at Hurst, the perpetual Vnsunke, or spoyl'd, except the castle please. curate of Hordle receives yearly £5 charged upon the On Thursday, we our boat row'd, pull'd, and hal'd Coast Guard estimates. I take this occasion of adding Vnto a place, which is Key Hauen call'd." s 2 132 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Christchurchburgesses in parliament. The castle. The manor. Royal visits to Christchurch, summoned, 1305, to send two burgesses to the parliament of Carlisle. It appears that Christchurch was again summoned to send burgesses to the first parliament of Edward II., but that no return was made to either summons, and that the parliament of 1571 was the earliest in which Christchurch (that is, its corporation and free burgesses) was represented. We find Henry Knowlles the elder and Matthew Evans sitting for the borough in 1572, Alexander Nevill and Matthew Evans in 1585. Thenceforward Christchurch was without intermission represented in parliament. In the parliament of 1603 Nicholas Hyde sat for Christchurch. Henry Tulse,1 of Hinton, was one of their burgesses in the parliament which preceded the Protec torate, and, with John Bulkeley, of Burgate, sat for Christchurch in the parliament which voted back the king. The famous Sir Henry Wallop was constable of Christchurch Castle. The constable's fee, in the time of Elizabeth, was £8 0s. 9a?. To him belonged the duty of carrying to gaol the felons in Westover liberty. He was not obliged to put them inside the gaol ; it was sufficient that he carried them to the door, and demanded for them admittance, reasonable time being allowed for the demand to be obeyed. James I., January 10, 1620-1, gave a ninety-nine years' lease of the manor to Sir Francis Bacon and others, in trust for his son Charles. That lease, for the residue of its term, was, June 20, 1652, assigned to four London citizens, at a rent of £30 14s. la?. Immediately afterwards, by their desire, the manor was granted to four other persons, to be held in socage, at £32 14s. la?, rent. After the Restoration we find Lord Clarendon holding the manor of Christchurch. Sir Peter Mews and Mr. Clarke afterwards, in succession, held the lordship ; Mr. Clarke left it by will to Sir George Tapps, who sold it to Mr. Rose. The manor of the borough belongs to the family of the late Sir George Rose ; the hundred and manor of Christchurch Twynam and manor of Christchurch cum membris all belong to Sir George Tapps-Jervis. The castle demesne is the common property of both. We have already seen that King John visited Christchurch. It has had many other royal visitors, amongst whom may be specified Henry VII. , Edward VI., and George III. The story runs, but I cannot find that it rests upon any satisfactory authority, that Henry VII. used to visit one Hodgkins, Vicar of Ringwood, and thence go on to Christchurch. Edward VI., in the progress through Hampshire already noticed, went from the house of Sir Richard Cotton at Warblington to once Bishop's, but then the Lord Treasurer's, Waltham ; thence to Portsmouth, Titchfield, Southampton, Beauheu, and (1) Is not Tulse the corruption of Toulouse? We have already noticed the Hampshire surname Toluse. Richard de Toulous in 1325 was fined 40s. for license of acquiring certain lands in Muleford. In the thirteenth century Henry Tolous held under Isabella de Fortibus, the fourth part of a fee at Bulnor. Tulse was undoubtedly pronounced as Toolse. Had Fuller lived a little later, amoug his worthies would have been recorded Sir Henry Tulse, senior, Sheriff of London in 1674, and afterwards Mayor. CHRISTCHURCH. 133 Christchurch. One of his letters to Fitzpatrick is dated Christchurch, August 22, 1552. A letter dated Ringwood, April 7, 1644, giving " A true discovery of the great Battle of and glorious victory of that victorious and ever renowned patriot Sir William Waller, Knight, at Christchurch in HampsMre," recounts that " our governor," advancing to the relief of Poole, took Christchurch, with some three hundred soldiers and officers, besides a valiant Lady Captain, and all without loss of blood. Among the officers taken prisoners1 was "Mr. Imber, minister," whose punishment we have already noticed. Yarranton, in his mteresting " England's Improvement " (my copy is of edition Yarrantou's 1677, licensed October 4, 1676, by Roger L'Estrange), tells us that " the second ctristhurch. place convenient for the building of ships, is at Christchurch in Hampshire." With the account of the place, he gives a sketch of the harbour, placing the church, rightly enough, just in the fork made by the confluence of the rivers, but strangely ex aggerating what he calls "the camp" a,t Hengistbury,2 and misplacing France and the Isle of Wight. The picture of the two three-masted vessels threading the difficult navigation up to the little quay below the church, was undoubtedly then, as it always must remain, wholly mythical. Yarranton's recommendation of Christ church haven was based upon good grounds — the natural , breakwater offered by Hengistbury head and the facilities for fortifying that promontory, the cheapness of timber, which could be brought from the Forest by water at a cost of 4s. the ton or load, the advantage for iron-making and gun-casting at Ringwood afforded by the abundance of iron-stone from the coast, and charcoal from the Forest (at that time generally shipped off to Cornwall and elsewhere), all ready at hand. Christchurch, like most borough towns of those days, was split into factions about the Succession Bill, Thomas and James Hooper 3 being strong exclusionists, and having the support of their powerful neighbour Lord Shaftesbury. To their (1) Also Colonel Sir John Mills ; Lieutenant-colonels Of Hengistbury ironstone parts of Twynam church and Goddard and Paulet ; Serjeant-major Turney ; Captains castle were built. Gogill, Mill, and Barrow; Captain-lieutenant Sheiling; Is the Wick north of Hengistbury to be identified Lieutenants Willis, Hitchcocke, Jenkins, Pbilpott, Harvey, with the Wicham in the manor of Chumelega, given two Lewins, Cockerum, and Scullard ; Cornets Lane, originally by Richard de Redvers to William Martel, the Johnson, Baily, Thorneburgh ; Quartermasters Complin, elder, and afterwards bestowed by Gilbert de Tybetoft Crofts, Egerley, Legate; Marshall Richard Michael; upon the canons of Christchurch ? A charter of Hadewis Dr. Thornbnry ; Mr. Todd, capitaine ; gentlemen in the de Courtney confirmed the grants by which her sister ranks, Messrs. Worsleys (two), Thornbnrnes (two), Lovell, Maud, William and Ivo Martel, and Gilbert de Tibeto, Jenkins, Fitch, Hencocke, Cockes. gave them the land of Wicham. There are barrows at (2) The double dykes protected the encampment of Wick. Hengistbury. Three entrances gave access to within the (3) The Hoopers of Hern Court (the late Lord Malms- lines, and four mounds protected the camp on the north. bury succeeded Edward Hooper at Hern Court) have In former days the ironstone of Hengistbury Head, as already been noticed. Thomas Hooper, Esq., and James now-a-days it is called, afforded material for the Sowley Hooper, gentleman, were in 1682 admitted burgesses of foundry works. Large quantities of the Hengistbury Lymington. So were in 1699 Edward Hooper, Esq., and ironstone are now carried, coast wise, to Glamorganshire. in 1711 Charles Hooper, gentleman. Edward Hooper 134 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The borough never incor porated. The borough documents and relics. The modern parliamentary borough. party belonged Mr. Trenchard,7 Aylof, Dewey,2 and others. Sir Thomas Clarges, as the nominee of Lord Clarendon, 3 favoured the court party, and was therefore obnoxious to the commonalty of Christchurch. The offence was not forgotten when the Duke of York became James II. Christchurch being a borough, with mayor, aldermen, and burgesses by prescrip tion, and never having received a charter of incorporation, was not affected by the Municipal Reform Act. Ancient custom prescribes that the mayor be sworn into office at the court leet or baron (?) by the steward of the manor. A charter was drawn up for Christchurch in the time of Charles II., but it never came into force ; and again in the time of George I. a Privy Council minute was made that a charter should be given to Christchurch-, but nothing came of it The borough of Christchurch is singularly destitute of interesting documents and relics. The earliest of its few documents are of sixteenth century date. An ancient seal and the silver gilt mace are the only other relics of antiquity now belonging to the borough. Formerly, so late indeed as in the last century, Christchurch had its court of record, of which the steward was judge. The parliamentary borough of Christchurch was by the Reform Bill extended to include the parishes of Christchurch and Holdenhurst4 It emerged from the strife, in which its very existence was threatened, with its constituency by that extension increased, and its representation cut down to one burgess. A great part of the large parish of Christchurch, some fifteen thousand acres, was formerly common- land ; the enclosure act for its appropriation was obtained in 1803. Christchurch now-a-days has no special trade, with the exception of fusee chain- making, a' handicraft established there in the last century by Robert Cox. At one time there stood at Christchurch a large house known as the Hospital of was Sheriff of Hampshire in 1720, Edward Hooper the younger, with Charles Amyan Poulett, sat for Christ church in the parliament of 1748. Earlier still, in the parliament of 1654, Edward Hooper, Esq., the elder, had sat for the county with (a) Richard Cromwell, (a) Richard Norton, Richard Major, John St. Barbe, (a) Robert Wallop, Francis Rivet, and (a) John Bulkeley. With those to whose names a is prefixed, Major-general William Goffe, Thomas Cole, and Richard Cobbe, Esquires, sat in the parliament of 1656. (1) The Trenchards were rather a Dorsetshire than a Hampshire family. But Henry Trenchard was Sheriff of Hants in 1443. George Trenchard, Esq., was admitted freeman of Lymington 1 71 3, George Trenchard, Esq., the younger, in 1737, John Trenchard, Esq., in 1774. Appa rently there was a connection between the Trenchards and Bromfields. John Trenchard Bromfield, gentleman, was admitted freeman of Lymington in 1736. (2) George Dewey, gentleman, became a freeman of Lymington 1642, and was mayor 1642 and 1647. James Dewey and John Trenchard sat together in the parlia ment of 1656. (3) Lord Clarendon's great ally seems to have been Henry Goldwyer, Vicar of Christchurch. I find in 1699 one William Goldwyer, Esq., and another in 1726 designated as of Christ Chnrch, Esquire, admitted as burgesses of Lymington. Henry Goldwyer, of Exeter College, took his degree of M.A., July 5, 1726. In Warner's time — and here let me acknowledge, although such acknowledgment is almost superfluous, how much I am indebted to Warner's topographical remarks — Mr. Goldwyer, a descendant of the Vicar of Chrittchurch, lived at Lyndhurst. (4) The north part of Hurn is not included in the modern parliamentary borough of Christchurch. Special reasons were alleged for its extension. CHRISTCHURCH. 135 St. Mary Magdalene, which fell into disuse when the leprosy became almost an St. Mary extinct disease. The mastership was in the patronage alternately of the lords of Hospital"* * Christchurch and Westover, and the mayor and burgesses of Christchurch. Before the middle of the seventeenth century, the profits of the hospital had been in part alienated from their original destination, inasmuch as there had not been for many years past any leper resorting to the said hospital for relief. Of the masters in the modern days two may be mentioned, Thomas Mews, appointed 1766, and Benjamkt Ferrey1 in the present century. One Robert White,2 by will of March 25, 1619, left £100 to be expended in The white lands for the benefit of the poor. On September 13, 1631, certain lands under that will were conveyed to the Vicar, William Green, with John Dean, William Colgill, and others. By a deed of March 30, 1658, between John Dean, William Colgill,3 Edward Scott, and John Blake, on the one part, and John Hildesley, Esq.,* his wife Margaret, and Henry Tulse, Esq., on the other, John Dean and William Colgill, with consent of the churchwardens and " the sixteen" (page 104), conveyed the said lands to Henry Tulse and his heirs, in consideration of a perpetual rent of £8 charged on certain lands in Hinton Admiral. An interesting charity, charged upon lands at Moore, which he had bought of Richman Moore, and elsewhere, was founded by will of Thomas Brown, of Hinton Admiral, Feb. 4, 1667, for giving bread and clothes and preaching sermons at Christchurch, Ringwood, Lymington, Minstead, Sopley, Milton, Holden- hurst, and Lyndhurst The sermon in each parish was to be preached yearly on New Year's Day, the preacher at Hinton receiving 20s., and the others 10s. each, and the subject of the sermon being, " man's misery in his natural condition, his reconciliation." (1) Benjamin Ferrey the elder lired in High Street, with eight bezants. Those arms were afterwards borne on the west side. . by the Whites of Selborne, descendants of Sir Sampson (2) Robert seems to have been a favourite Christian White, of Oxford. Robert White, who was Sheriff of name in more than one of the Hampshire families sur- Hants 1505, bore, according to the received account, named White. There was Robert White of Farnham, son azure a fess between three fleurs-de-lis or. Another of John, and father to Sir John of Aldershot, and to the Robert White was sheriff in 1582. bishop. Then again there was Robert White, son to (3) Was this the Mr. Colgill, parish clerk, who was in John of Warnborongh, who was born 1469. One of his deacon's orders ? With reference to the story about his sons, Henry, settled at Christchurch ; another, Robert, originating the Christchurch practice of the parish clerk was father to Sir Thomas White; his daughter, Margaret, reading one of the lessons in church, it is sufficient to became wife to John Kirton. Ellen and Ann, daughters remark that formerly, at all events, the practice was by to Stephen Kirton, were married to their cousins Richard no means uncommon in England ; and strange tales are and Thomas White, sons to Sir Thomas by his wife Agnes, told about the peculiar readings which some of those sister to Sir John White and the bishop. The coat of officiators gave of their text. White of Farnham and Aldershot was perfesse azure and (4) John Hildesley, gentleman, was made burgess of or, pale counterchanged ,- three roundels barry wavy of Lymington in 1635. John Hildesley, Esq., sat for Win- six argent and vert, two and one ; three lions' heads Chester in the parliaments of 1654 and 1656. As John erased gules, one and two. , Hildesley, of Hinton, Esq., he sat for Winchester with White of South Warnborough bore (as did the Whites Nicholas Love of " Wolvesey, in the Soake, Esq.," in the of Selborne and Christchurch, p. 106), azure a chevron parliament of 1659. He had sat for Hampshire with gules, between three popinjays vert, beaked, collared, Richard Norton aud Richard Major, in the Little Parlia- and legged of the second, within a bordure azure, charged ment of 1653. 136 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Christchurch school. Boscombe and Bournemoth. The trustees of the charity were men already mentioned in this history as of note — John Hildesley (vol. ii. p. 75), William Tulse, Henry Tulse, Edward Hooper, Philip Dore, Bartholomew Bulkeley, and their heirs. Of Hampshire note in the early part of this century were Wadham Wyndham, Percival Lewis, Charles St. Barbe, Sir- George Ivison Tapps, Benjamin Bullock, and George Rose, who tried with partial success to recover the misappropriated charity-estate left by Thomas Brown, and restore it to its proper use. It appears that the Christchurch school was founded by John Newburgh (Raw- bury (?) see page 105), with money left by Parkinson Odber,1 and that through the favour of the neighbours and parishioners it flourished into larger size than could be contained in a common house, whereupon the mayor and burgesses, governors of the school, asked and obtained the bishop's leave to have it kept in St. Michael's loft, by them called the old chapter-house of the priory. For many years in the early part of this century the school was discontinued, and the vicar of the parish took the dividends of the charity. Christchurch has been peculiarly happy in having, from the days of Gustavus Brander, who bought the site of the priory, and thereupon called himself Prior of Christchurch, down to the present time, been more or less the residence of persons specially interested in, and qualified for, the investigation of its antiquities. Most of them have in these pages been incidentally mentioned. Before going northwards we must just notice the part of the Hampshire coast lying west of Hengistbury. Boscombe, the property of Sir Percy Shelley,8 son to the poet (the Shelley pew is in the triforium of Christchurch), which threatens to become, and Bournemouth which already is, a popular watering-place, may be visited from Christchurch. A valley somewhat accidente and abounding in peat-bog and sandy soil, on which pines, firs, and rhododendrons flourish, all sorts of appliances for sick people, and the usual watering-place delicice, make up Bournemouth. In the yard of Boscombe church lie the remains of Godwin (author of the " Political Justice," " Caleb Williams," &c), his wife, the notorious Mary Wolstone- croft, and their daughter, wife to Shelley the poet. (1) In 1684 John Venables and Edward Matthews, Esquires, with Edward Odber and Thomas Wavell, gentle men, were made burgesses of Lymington. Parkinson Odber, gentleman, with twenty-one others, was admitted burgess in 1699. Probably he was son to the Parkinson Odber of the text. Odber Knapton was made town- clerk of Lymington in 1744. (2) Of the three Shelley baronetcies, the oldest is that held by the late member for Westminster, the seventh baronet of his line. He is tenth cousin, once removed, to Sir Percy Shelley, the third baronet of his line, and ninth cousin, once removed, to Sir John Shelley Sidney, brother to Sir Timothy Shelley, and uncle to the poet, and to Mr. Shelley of Avington. FROM CHKISTCHURCH TO ANDOYER. WE now, skirting the county, make our way northwards to Andover. Before us, somewhat to our right, rises the high ground of St. Catherine's Hill ; far away to the north-east the landmark of the Clump marks the boundary of the New Forest, and just west of St. Catherine's Hill stretch the dark woods of Heron (or rather Hurn) Court. St. Catherine's Hill was anciently known as Richesdon, St. Catherine's before, some five centuries ago, a chapel was built upon it, dedicated to St. Catherine. It is the extremity of a ridge of heights running north and south, west of the Avon. The vestiges of an encampment have not been altogether obliterated by the foundation of the chapel, traces still exist of two camps, oval and square, with their double lines of earthworks. They were commanded by four mounds, on each of which there perhaps stood a watch-tower. The sites of the chapel and camp to the south-west have lately been examined, but without very much result. Heron or rather Hurn Court, formerly a country-house of the Christchurch priors, Heron Court. is interesting to the lover of picturesque scenery. Somewhat rare birds are found from time to time in its woods. Henry Baker, in 1392, enfeoffing the canons of Christchurch in certain holdings, reserved to himself eight tofts, with one hundred and twenty acres of land at Hurnknapp. Were we now to ascend the Stour, until we come to the limit of our county, we should pass by Holdenhurst ' and Throop, already noticed among Christchurch possessions ; or instead of that course we might turn off whe^e the river bends west ward, and ascending its tributary stream, make our way north-westward right across the common, until we arrived at Palmer's Ford. Just beyond Palmer's Ford, at the confluence of two streams, runs the border (1) Mr. Walcott has kindly furnished me with the It appears that the ancient font of Holdenhurst now inventory of the church ornaments, &c, belonging to the ornaments a garden, that of Milton has been transferred church of Holnherst, July 15, 1552, W Iter Churche to the Roman Catholic chapel, at Burton, and the fifteenth being then curate. In the inventory are reckoned a silver century font of Christchurch is at Bransgore. At a chalice, paten, and pyx, two bells in the steeple, one vest- meeting of the Christchurch Archaeological Association it ment of blue satin and an alb, a blue satia cope, two linen was stated that at one time the1 parishioners of Holden- altar clothes, a surplice, and a pall, covering the Lord's hurst had privilege of burial in part of Wareham church- table, yard. VOL. III. T 138 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Course of the Hampshire border. Tyrrel s Ford and Avon. Bislern. The Bettes thorne families. line of our county, which, thence coinciding with the main stream, passes to the west of St. Leonard's ; thence it runs for some distance almost due north. West of Harbridge it turns to the east, and thence runs northward again to Fordingbridge. From Fordingbridge, with a sweeping intake, the boundary line trends round Rock- bourn, passes between Whichbury (or Whitsbury, as now-a-days it is called) and Breamore, and runs off from Grimsdyke, a little south of east, skirting Chardford Hale and Bramshaw. Apparently the line of boundary between Hants and Dorset runs much as it did before and when the perambulation of 1344 was made. But returning to Hurn let us thence go northward. Our road lies through what was till lately, a most barren country of heath and moss. Now it is fast becoming pretty thickly covered with the new fir plantations. Sand, here yellowish and reddish brown, denoting the abundant presence of iron, there of dazzling whiteness, mingled and contrasting- with black peat earth, affords a scanty nourishment to the stunted vegetation of the district. We have Tyrrel's Ford,1 Avon and Ripley, and Shirley beyond, stretching out far to the right ; then presently Bistern is seen just east of the Avon river, after which Kingston to the right across the river, and by-and-by Ives to the left are passed before we come out upon the long bridges spanning the lake-like streams, which lie at the west end of Ringwood. The enclosure of Shirley and Avon Commons, estimated at 1,268 acres, has lately been decreed. Of the Bettesthorne, Buttesthorne or Bistern family we have already observed several notices. One of them, Roger Buttesthorn, 1388, witnessed a charter touching the manor oi Sutton Poyntz, and the Hundred of Culfordstre. In 1378 John Buttes thorne was Sheriff of Hampshire. We have seen that in 1334 there was Buttestherne, a tithing of Ringwood lordship, and Berklee, a New Forest tithing ; that afterwards Berklee, corrupted into Bartley, was divided into the royal lands of King's Bartley and the Buttesthorne holdings of Bistern Bartley. In 1349 Margaret de Bettesthorne died seized of two ploughlands at Bettesthorne and Asshell. It appears that John Berkeley, son to Thomas and brother to Maurice, Lord Berkeley (ancestors of the earls of that ilk), married Elizabeth, daughter to Sir John Bisterne. Among the children of John and Elizabeth Berkeley were Elinor, married to the Lord Arundell, and Maurice, their heir, whose son Sir Maurice married Ann, daughter to Reginald West, Lord de la Warr. Catherine, daughter of Sir Maurice and Ann Berkeley, was, as we have seen, married first to John, Lord Stourton, and secondly to (1) Avon Tyrrel and Tyrrel's Ford are so designated, not, as the legend tells us, because Walter Tiril there abouts crossed the Avon, but from having formerly be longed to the Tyrrel family. In 1476 Sir Thomas Tyrell died, seized of the manor of Avene, forty messuages, a mill, and divers lands at Avene, Riple, Shirle, Sople, and Murdyng ; and the manor of Mylton or Medylton, held under Christchurch Castle. CHRISTCHURCH TO ANDOVER. 139 Sir John Brereton. Sir Edward, younger son to Sir Maurice Berkeley, was father The Berkeleys to Thomas Berkeley of the Vine. of Bisteru- Within a quarter of a century after John Buttesthorne was Sheriff of Hants, we find, in 1402, John Berkeley sheriff. He bore gules, a chevron betwixt ten crosses argent? Sir John Berkeley was sheriff 1406. Thenceforward the Berkeleys were leading men in Hampshire. Among the sheriffs of our county we find Maurice Berkeley, in 1456 ; Edward, in 1465 ; Maurice, 1467 ; Sir Maurice, 1471 ; Sir Edward, 1472 ; Edward, 1476 ; William, 1477; Edward, 1481 and 1485 ; Sir Edward, 1491 ; Sir William, 1527 and 1536 ; and Sir John, in 1561. The last Sir William Berkeley dying issueless, Bistern passed by his sister, wife to Sir John Brereton, to her daughter and heir, Werburga, wife, first, to Sir Francis Cheyne, and afterwards to Sir William Compton. The Comptons, like many other of our Hampshire families of old blood, were in The Comptons; the service of the bishops. Thus, in the expedition which left Calais, July 21, 1513, for the reduction of " Turwine," near St. Omer's, we find Sir John Giffard in the van, with the banner of England, the king being in the centre, with three thousand men ; at the right marched Sir Edward Poynings, and six hundred men ; and at the left marched the men of the Bishop of Winchester, commanded by Sir William Compton; and "Master Thomas Wolsey" brought up the rereward of eight hundred men. They arrived at " Turwine" August 4. Sir William Compton was Sheriff of Hants in 1512. He bore ermine on a bend — their achieve- sable, three helmets proper. The Compton bearings of Lord Northampton's shield are — sable, a lion passant guardant or, between three esquires1 helmets argent. Sir William Compton left his plate at Bistern to his widow, Werburga. The lands passed to his son Philip, a minor, who married the Lady Anne Talbot. Their son Henry was in 1572 created Baron Compton, of Compton. He was twice married. By his first wife, Frances, daughter to the Earl of Huntingdon (vol. ii. p. 374), he was father to William, created in 1618 Earl of Northampton, from whom are descended the noble family entitled of that town ; by his second, Anne, daughter to Sir John Spencer of Althorpe, and widow of Lord Monteagle, he was father to Sir Henry Compton, KB., of Bisterne. Richard, eldest son to Sir Henry, was admitted burgess of Lymington in 1649. He died July 29, 1684, aged eighty, and was buried at Ringwood. (1) In the Berkeley Chapel, Bristol Cathedral, the eight gentlemen of Gloucestershire, not including the Berkeley escutcheon is rendered with and without the commissioners, three were Berkeleys— Sir Maurice of crosses patee. Maurice de Berkeley, early in the thir- Uley, Thomas of Gloucester, Sir Maurice of Beverston. teenth century, bore gules, a chevron argent. The old James de Berkeley was one of the four commissioners. coat of Sir Thomas Berkeley, of Coberley, gaoler of John Anne, Sir John Pauncefote, Richard Venables, and Edward II. at Berkeley Castle, gules, a chevron between John Poleyn, all of them belonging to families connected six crosses paite'e argent in chief, and four in base, the with Hampshire, were then reckoned among the gentry modern coat of Lord Berkeley. In 1433 of the seventy- of Gloucestershire. rp o 140 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. John Compton, Esq., was Sheriff of Hants in 1618. Further descent The sisters of Richard Compton were, Cicely, married first to Mr. Fermor, after- tons, wards to Lord Arundel of Wardour ; Mary, wife of Lord Lumley ; and Margaret, married to Mr. Sackville. Sir Richard had two sons, Richard, who died May 29, 1665, and Henry, his successor, who, in 1690, married Elizabeth Hoby, one of the sisters of, and coheiresses with, Mrs. Stanley (vol. ii. p. 287). She brought him large estates in Wales. By will of October 22, 1698, he left the reversion for life of Bistern and Crow to his wife, after the death of his mother, Amy Compton. Henry and Elizabeth Compton had three sons and two' daughters. The eldest, Richard, died young. The second, Hoby Compton, admitted burgess of Lymington in 1712, died unmarried. The third son, Henry, married Eleanor Willis of Ring- wood, and died childless in 1724, by will of June 17, 1723, leaving all his property to his widow. It was thought at the time that, failing the descendants in the male line of Sir Henry Compton, the Bistern and other lands reverted to the elder branch represented by Lord Northampton, but on investigation the validity of Henry Compton' s will was ascertained. His widow married Dr. Bave, and, by will of October 27, 1741, left everything to Henry, second son of her brother, James Willis, on condition that he took the name Compton. So passed the manors of Bistern and Crow,1 Exbury and Leap, Totton, Berkeley, Minstead, and Brooke. Of the descendants of Henry Willis, Henry Compton, of Bistern, was sheriff in 1758; John Compton, of Minstead, in 1797; and Henry Combe Compton, in 1819. William Mills, of Bistern, was sheriff in 1803. Bistem church. The modern district church of Bistern, built in 1843, at a cost of £2,400, repre sents the ancient chapel founded by the piety of those who were lords of Bistern five hundred years ago. Mr. Mills gave the site for the church, and contributed largely towards the charges of its building. Mr. Walcott has kindly furnished me with an account of Bistern chantry in the time of Edward VI. In those days the foundation consisted in a chapel, a manse- house, a garden, rented at 2s. 8a7. ; £3 charged on the manor of Bistern ; and as much (by John Proffit, Vicar of Ringwood, concurrent with Sir John Berkeley and Elizabeth his wife, in the foundation of the chantry) charged upon Ringwood vicarage, making in sum an income of £6 2s. 8a?. At that time the Curate of Bistern was lunatic, so the chapel was unserved. The chapel plate weighed 9£ oz., and the whole value of its church ornaments was reckoned at 36s. 8a?. The chapel was two miles distant from the parish church, and served sixty hous- ling people. (1) The Compton property occupied pretty much the to William de Buttesthorn, is in 1670 described as passing: site of the old Bistern lands. the hedge between the lands of Richard Compton, and The Forest boundary which in 1300 ran by the hedge those belonging to the warden of Winchester, and thence between the land of William Giles, and a croft belonging to the Greenslade of Bevioombe. CHRISTCHURCH TO ANDOVER. 141 We have already noticed, (vol. ii. p. 225) Ives and its holders. John, Parson of Ives. Ivatt (or Ives ?), and Andrew de Ives, heid it in the thirteenth century, by the serjeanty of providing a man-at-arms for forty days' service. Roger Baudet held there a yardland by his Redbridge service. Ringwood consists of one long street sending off short spurs to the right and left. Ringwood; Gloves, knitted woollens, and beer are the commodities for the excellence of which the town has had a special reputation. At present Ringwood is chiefly important as the capital of a large country district, with a market and fairs held on July 10 and December 11. The church is quite new, and not very interesting. The churchyard, as seen from —its church. the road, appears to contain a tomb of some antiquity, which, upon closer inspection, in spite of the grey and worn look of the stone and its antique fashion, disappoint ingly turns out to be of very recent date. The inscription engraved upon it in fresh- cut letters, which make the anachronism of the antique spelling more remarkable, tells us that under it lies buried the body of a " clerk of the works " employed in the rebuilding of the church. He died in 1854. The old church of Ringwood, pulled down in 1852, was the model observed in the construction of the modern building. Some good features in the chancel and else where may be noticed. The great ornament of the church still remains in the brass, said to be that of John Prophete, Vicar of Ringwood, Dean of Hereford and York, &c, who died j0hn Prophete. 1416. The figure represents a priest tonsured and robed. The broidered cope, with its sacred and saintly effigies, its square clasp, the quatrefoil wanting its lowest member, within which the head rests, all give a remarkable appearance to the brass. That the brass commemorates John Prophete is inferred mainly, I believe, from it being probable that he was buried at Ringwood, and that of so remarkable a man, a wealthy pluralist and courtier (he was executor under the will of Henry V.) there would be some memorial in the place of his burial. He left directions in his will for his burial, should he die within the province of Canterbury, in his prebendal church of Leighton Buzzard, or his church of Ringwood. Now it seems that he died at Ringwood. The earliest notice of Ringwood, so far as I can gather, occurs in Domesday Book. Ringwood in It then belonged, as it does still, to its own hundred — of which, indeed, it and the 84' adjoining manor of Herdebrige were the sole components. Harbridge1 was a New Forest manor, held by Bernard the chamberlain. To it there belonged four plough- lands, one in demesne, with eight villeins, two bordmen, with four teams, and four score acres of meadow. There was wood for two hogs. Under the Confessor Har bridge was held by Ulveva. It was then assessed at five hides, and worth £4 10s. In 1084 its assessment was reckoned at three hides and one virgate, and its value at 70s. Rinwede, on the other hand, belonged to the king in demesne. In the time of (1) The benefice of Harbridge is a chapelry held with the vicarage of Ringwood. 142 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Ringwood in 1084. Owners of Ringwood in the twelfth and thirteenth cen turies. Theodoric Teu ton. Waleran Teu ton. the Confessor, when it was held by Earl Tosti, its assessment was at twenty-eight hides, and it was worth £24. Afterwards it was worth but £16. The sheriff found, when he entered upon the manor as forfeited to the Conqueror, that eighteen of the hides at which it was assessed lay in the Isle of Wight. The afforestation of the Ytene further reduced the manor to six hides. To it there belonged sixteen plough- lands, four in demesne, fifty-six villeins, twenty-one bordmen, with thirteen teams, and a radchenist with half a team. There was a church endowed with half a hide, eight slaves, a mill worth 22s., and one hundred and five acres of meadow. It was worth £8 10s., but paid a rent of £12 10s., reckoned at 20s. to the ora. The afforested portion (four hides) of the manor had been occupied by fourteen villeins and six bordmen, with seven teams, and there belonged to it a mill worth 30a7., and a wood sufficient for one hundred and eighty-nine hogs. The king's portion was worth in 1084 £7 10s. by tale. In the twelfth century it appears that Robert, Earl of Leicester, the Chief Justice of England, held Ringwood. After the earl's rebellion, subsequent capture,1 and banishment, Joel de Meynell (Mediana, Meduena, Meinill, &c.) held Ringwood. Afterwards, by writs addressed to the sheriff, October 29, 1204, and September 22, 1205, the king gave to his servant Theodore, Theodoric, or Terric the German, the town and lands of Ringwood, reserving to himself the stock and growing corn of the manor. So again, in 1206, John, by letters patent, gave Theodoric Theutonic, his valet, the ville of Ringwood. It appears that Theodore lost his possessions for a time, as we find that on April 20, 1217, William Marshall the younger was ordered without delay to give to TJieoric Teuton seizin of Ringwood manor. By a writ of October 8, 1217, addressed to the Sheriff of Wiltshire, he is designated as Theodore of Ringwood. Further on, March 27, 1222, the sheriff was ordered to restore to Terric Teuton seizin of the escheated lands, &c, in Ringwood, of which the king's precept had deprived him. Of Theodore we hear little more. In 1215 he received the lands of William Blunden. In that year, October 22, there is recorded an order for one Rudland, a companion of Theodore's son, Waleran, to receive certain lands in Walesworth which had belonged to William de Maundevill. To Waleran Teuton, Terric's manor of Ringwood was granted July 15, 1223. It was then worth £20. We find Waleran, May 9, 1225, pardoned a fine of 100s., which he had incurred by letting a robber escape out of his jurisdiction. Amongst other writs addressed to Waleran Teuton we find the order of January 6, 1225, charging him to let Adam Esturmy, Richard Pancin, and Alan de Nevill, with (1) In 1174 he was taken prisoner and carried in chains to Barfleur, just at the time when the king, with queens Elinor and Margaret, and his children John and Joan, was on the point of setting sail from thence to Southampton. The earl died in 1191, at the siege of Acre. CHRISTCHURCH TO ANDOVER. 143 twenty hounds and twelve leporarii, take for the king, within his Isle of Wight baili wick, one hundred does, supply the hunters with all necessaries, and send their hunting to Dover. Waleran's lands lay chiefly in Cornwall and Devonshire. From Terric he had inherited Tamerton, Helston, Penmaen, and other holdings. To Thomas of Ciren cester was granted Terric's standing corn and other chattels. Periton, in Somerset, went to one Philip. By writ of February 24, 1226, Waleran Teuton was ordered to reckon to his own account, in the computus of revenue from the county of Devon, sixty marks, for two years' stipend due to him as warden of Carisbrook Castle. It appears that soon afterwards Waleran Teuton lost the manor of Ringwood. On February 13, 1226, it was granted to Richard Marshall and his wife Gervase, in her right, and as of her inheritance. On the following 9 th of March, the said Richard and Gervase received a grant for the king's life of a weekly Wednesday market at Ringwood. That Waleran Teuton was at that time still alive, is to be gathered from notices of subsequent payments made to him and Nicholas de Molis for going on the king's messages. There was a certain Henry Teuton to whom the king, on February 26, 1225, Henry Teuton. commanded Walerand Teuton to give the custody of the land in Offintun lately belonging to William de Offintun, until Robert, William's son, should be of full age, reserving a reasonable dower for Nicha, widow of Nichus. A further order of May 11, 1227, restored to Richard and Gervase the manor of Ringwood, which the king had seized. About the year 1238, the king gave Mr. Simon de Stayland a grant, first of other holders Kingswood, and two years afterwards of Ringwood manor. Three years later we find man0rfWC the manor given to John Fitz-Walter. In 1256 John Fitz-Geoffrey received a grant of Ringwood manor. He held it of the king by new enfeoffment. Other Ringwood landholders of the thirteenth century were John de Yves, who, as guardian to the heir of Reginald de Buttesthorn, held a tenement by half, and William de Buttesthorne, who, under Andrew, the tenant-in-chief, held another tenement by one-fourth, the serjeanty of finding the king a man-at-arms for forty days' service. In the thirteenth century the rectory of Ringwood (church of St. Peter) was in Ringwood the king's gift, and worth twenty marks. It was held by Geoffrey de Caus (or ° """ de Caleto) under a grant from King John, of date 1213 or 1214. John Fitz John, without leave from the king, sold his manor of Ringwood to Nicholas of Ely, the then Bishop of Winchester. In consequence thereof, the king, in 1272, ordered the sheriff to take the manor into his own hands, to see that the demesne lands were properly sown, reaped, and otherwise cultivated, and look after 144 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Ringwood passes to the Butlers. Ringwood Bridge. Ringwood rectory. Ringwood in the fourteenth century. the rents, suits of court, and other manorial matters. The sheriff was afterwards commanded to give the manor into the charge of Walter de Kent. The Bishop of Winchester made over the manor of Ringwood to William de Montagu, Earl of Sarum. In 1280 John de (le?) Botiller gave the king the manor of Ringwood and £6, receiving in exchange the manors of Wymering and Blandford, with the advowson of Blandford, to be held at la?, rent, in full of all services, with an annuity of £6 13s. 3d., to be paid until the king should have granted him lands in fee of that yearly value. A dozen years later the king made John a further grant of Lockerley manor, charging it, however, with a yearly rent to himself of £6 lis. 9a7. The condition of the king's original grant was, that he should receive in exchange lands worth £60. Ringwood Bridge was a boundary mark of the large territories in Hants, Wilts, and Dorset, belonging to Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hereford. The line of limit ran in the time of Edward I. along the road from Cranborne, usque ad magnum pontem de Ringewode, and thence from the great bridge at Ringwood to the bridge of Forde, and on to Downton Bridge. In 1280 Earl Gilbert was summoned to show cause why he claimed view of frank pledge, with assize of bread, &c, in Hordingbrigge, Penytone, and Elleford. In answer he said that he made no claim of the kind. In 1290 Ringwood rectory was the best benefice in the deanery of Forde. It was worth yearly £66 13s. 4a?. Next to it in value came Forde rectory, worth £60. The vicarage of Forde, worth £5 6s. 8a?. ; the rectory of Breamore, with its chapel, worth £13 6s. 8a7.; the rectories of Rockbourn, £10 13s. Ad., Wychbury, £5 6s. 8a7., Elingham, £12, with the rectory (£6 13s. Ad.), vicarage (£5 6s. 8a7.), and pension, 13s. Ad., of Sopley ; the rectory of Milford, with its chapel, £16 ; the vicarage of the same, £20 ; the rectory of Boldre, with chapelry, £21 6s. 8a7. ; the vicarage of the same, £15 6s. 8a7. ; the rectory of Minstead, with chapelry, £6 13s. 4a?. ; and the rectory of Christchurch, with chapelry, £36 13s. Ad., made up the benefices liable to pay church tenths within Forde deanery. We have already noticed that Edward III., in 1331, granted to William de Montagu many liberties at Christchurch, Twynham, Ringwood, and Swainston.- Six years afterwards he gave him a fair at Ringwood. In 1340 Richard de Buchosthorne (Buttesthorne), William Ponchardon (Pun- chardoun), Stephen Abbot, and Henry de Plumbye (vol. ii. p. 220), returned by the sheriff as fit persons to give an account of the ninths of the parish, refused to give any information, or make inquiry touching the assessment of the rectory. Its rating, therefore, was charged according to the returns recently made to the bishop. In 1344 Ringwood and Westover manors, with Swainston,1 in the Isle of Wight, (1) It appears by the patent rolls of 1283 that to the king, as lord. of Swainston manor, belonged in fee the homage and service for half a knight's fee at Whipping- ham, and as much at Lymerston, held by John de Tichborne. John owed suit and service to the bishop for his holdings on the mainland. CHRISTCHURCH TO ANDOVER. 145 at Ringwood. and Christchurch Twynham Castle and borough, were reckoned among the holdings of William de Montagu, Earl of Sarum. Five years later, among the possessions of Katerine, wife to William de Montagu, The Montagues were entered the manors of Swayneston, Brighteston (Isle of Wight), Ringwood and Westover, Christchurch Twynham Castle and manor, and the hamlet of Watingwell, held of Carisbrook Castle honour. In 1409 Sir John Berkeley and his wife Elizabeth founded a chantry at Ring- wood (Bistern chapel), endowing it with lands at Betesthorne and Polnere. We have already noticed the connection of the Berkeleys with the Bistern family. In 1429, among the holdings of Thomas, Earl of Sarum, were reckoned the castle, borough, and hundred of Christchurch ; the advowson and manors of Warblington and Ringwood ; the advowson of Shalfleet ; the revenues of Milford manor ; rents from Basingstoke manor ; the manors of Swainston, Hinton, and Westover ; one fee at Randolphseston and Fordingbridge ; and as much at Wallop and at Essemaners. In 1312 William de Brooke (or Leybrook1) fined ten marks with the king for leave to give Walter de Feryngford3 certain holdings at Ringwood — the court dues, one messuage, thirty-two acres, twenty-seven of meadow, six of pasture, two hundred of heath, five of wood, and five marks in rents, therein included. In 1535 the vicarage of Ringwood, the rectory having been given to King's College, then held by John West, and charged with procurations and a yearly pen sion, amounting to £3 14s. 8a?., was worth in gross £79.3 The Berkeley chantry Ringwoodvicarage. (] ) The manor of Leybrooke, west of the Avon, claims forest rights. William Leybrook, with Sirs Roger de Mul (Molis ?), Oliver Punchardon, Robert Tessum, and others, witnessed the grant by which Sir Robert de Punchardon, for ten marks, sold to the monks of Beaulieu a ten shilling rent which he had been accustomed to receive for their tenement, formerly belonging to Ralph Fitz Osmond de Blacheford, and a rent of 2d. as modus for a pound of cummin due on account of a tenement at Colebury. (2) An Isle of Wight landholder, William Russel, lord of Aurlond (Yaverland), having married the daughter and heiress of Thomas de Aula or Hall, held under Isabella de Fortibus six fees and two-thirds. In demesne he kept the manors of Awerlond and Southwade St. Lawrence. Among his subjects were John de Ripers (Rivers), hold ing one fee and a half at Romberg Westamden, and La Spanne, the prior of God's House at Portsmouth ; Walter de Feringeford, and the assignees of William le Leonn, holding half a fee at Freshwater ; Sir John de l'Isle, one- fourth of a fee at Schentling (Shanklin), and with the prior of Christchurch two-thirds of a fee at Bridlesford and Hamstede. (3) Mr. Walcott has kindly furnished me with the in ventory of Ringwood church ornaments, as taken April 19, 1552. It appears that they consisted in vestments — one complete suit in green cloth, the pall embroidered VOL. HI. with birds ; one suit in white silk, with pall ; one suit in red silk, with "tayles'' of gold; a pair of vestments in white damask, another pair, for use in Lent, while, with a red cross ; a vestment in damask, with a crucifix in the back; another in cloth of baudlceyn (a sort of mingled silk and gold thread tissue) ; another in black, another in red vel vet, another in green baudlceyn, &c ; two chasubles. Copes — one of purple velvet, one with a crucifix ; an old red cope, with divers pictures ; one green cope worked on a silk ground; two old copes for every-day wear. Altar cloths — two altar cloths with two curtains stained, worked on a damask ground ; one altar cloth of purple baudkeyn ; two red silk curtains for the high altar ; two hangings for the high altar, of white branched damask ; two of white linen cloth, with two curtains for the time of Lent ; five old altar hangings of linen cloth and buck ram ; fifteen altar cloths of diaper and plain. Other ornaments — a little pillow covered with blue and white damask; four of linen, with Cry sane (surely not crimson ?) work ; one of linen cloth having on it a crucifix, worked in silk ; a green silk pall ; six towels of diaper and plain ; another towel ; two small vernacle cloths (St. Veronica cloths, bearing the sacred effigy) ; one old amice, an alb, four corporasses, and as many cloths belonging to them; four surplices, two desk cloths, two pair of latten candle sticks, two silver candlesticks parcel gilt, a silver cross in part gilt, a silver pax, a small wooden pax overlaid U 146 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Braithwaite at Ringwood. at Bistern (Bystren), held then by Thomas Bolland, was worth yearly in farm of land and other holdings, £6 5s. I find, soon afterwards, the yearly value of Bistern free chapel reckoned at 56s. To one Richard Braithwaite, Esq., the fines, &c, in Ringwood manor were granted. Letters patent touching them were issued in 1603. In that same year we find Richard claiming certain liberties within the hundred of Ringwood. Whether there be a misplacement of dates in the records from which I quote I cannot say, but it appears that in the time of Elizabeth, Edward Jones and his wife Margaret claimed against Thomas Spencer, Richard Spencer, and Nicholas Fuller, Esq.,1 as devised to them by Richard Braithwaite, Esq., then deceased, the manor of Ringwood, late his inheritance. During the provostship of Roger Goade,2 the provost and scholars of King's College brought an action against Matthew Carewe and his wife Alice, John Marlowe, and James Brand, to make them account for and pay over the profits of Ringwood rectory, manor, and parsonage, which had been let at farm to Richard Inkepen, deceased, Brand, and Imber. John Eliot, of Ringwood, took part with the Parliament against Charles I. He was one of the committee appointed, June 15th, 1644, for the collection of the Hampshire contingent towards the defence of the associated counties.3 with silver, two silver cruets, a little silver altar bell, two small silver censers with a ship for frankincense, three silver chalices, two of them gilt ; five bells, one of them con nected with the clock ; eight choir books, great and small ; three mass books. William Skeate (the canon ? p. 1 27) was then Vicar of Ringwood. The benefice was worth to him £7, out of which he had to find two priests for his chapels (Bistern not included), and give 20*. yearly to the poor. There were in his parish 942 housling people. (1) Was this Nicholas Fuller father to the famous divine of that name (vol. ii. p. 359) ? Can Richard Branthwaite, Esq., be identified with the author of the well-known Barnaba Itinerarium ? One Richard Brath- waite held office in the court of wards. (2) Roger Goade, when Vice-provost of King's, headed the Puritan party in his college, and was mainly con cerned in the proceedings which led to the deposition, February 22, 1569, of Philip Baker from the provost ship. Since the remonstrance of December 17,1565, Goade had become non-resident, and was master of Guild ford school when elected to the provostship of King's, March 19, 1569. He gave to his college the living of Milton. But of him and his t™ sons, who were all fellows of King's when he was provost, the annals of Cambridge are a fitter record than the history of Hampshire. (3) It was provided that the committee or a quorum of four, afterwards reduced to three, of their number should, beginning from February 18, 1643, levy weekly upon "papists and delinquents," £930 16*. in Kent; £345 13*. 6d. in Surrey (excepting Southwark aud the part of the county within the lines) ; £680 16*. in Sussex; and as much in Hampshire, excepting the Isle of Wight. By order of March 30, 1644, the forces to be maintained by that subsidy, was established at 3,000 foot, 1,200 horse, and 500 dragoons. They were com manded by Sir William Waller, sergeant-major-general, under the Earl of Essex. The service of the troops was confined within the limits of the associated counties, beyond which tbey might not be moved without the consent of Sir William Waller and the committee. No free quarter was allowed in the associated counties. John Eliott was not a member of the committee appointed, Saturday, November 6, 1 643, for making the weekly collection in Hampshire. The commissioners by order of that date appointed were : — Sir William Lewis, Bart. ; n Sir William Uvedale, and Sir Thomas Jervoise, Knights ; Robert Wallop, Richard Whitehead, Richard Norton, John Doddington, Richard Jervoise, John Lisle, « Thomas Clerke, John Button, Edward Hooper, John Buckley, John Kempe, Richard Major, John Hook, n John St. Barbe, n Arthur Broomfield, n Edward Doddington, John Feilder, n Henry Champion, William Walker, Nicholas Love, n Thomas Chandeler, James Tutt, Richard Moore, n William Carrick, n William Collins, Francis Rivett, Thomas Bettesworth of Childen, Thomas Cres- wel of Heckfield, ;; Robert Knapton, n John Pittman, n Thomas Evans, n Thomas Handbury, and Henry CHRISTCHURCH TO ANDOVER. 147 Fiom Ringwood the unhappy Duke of Monmouth wrote the letters in which he Ringwood t • tv a 1 • legends. sought mercy trom one who knew not what mercy meant. It was in Dorsetshire, just without the Hampshire border, that he was detected by the glitter of his eye as he lay concealed amongst the reeds of the morass. The legend goes that at Ringwood, though others say in Blackmore Forest, one Thomas de la Lind killed a white hart, in atonement for which offence he and his heirs, from the time of Henry III. downwards, were bound to pay yearly to the king a certain sum of money as White Hart Silver. Another legend connects the history of the White Hart Inn, at Ringwood, with a passage in one of the huntings of Henry VII. Sir Thomas de la Lynd, of the fifteenth century, represented the ancient Dorset shire house of Herring of Herringstone. His daughter and heiress became the wife of John (or Robert ?) Williams, of Herringstone, and thus the representation of the Herring family passed to the purchasers of their ancient lands. The families of Herringstone and Bridehead quarter, through Thomas de la Lynd, the well-known armes parlantes of the herrings. The manors of Ringwood and Ringwood rectory (Ringwood provost), as well as Crow and Older, also in the parish of Ringwood, are entitled to forest rights. So are the manors of Midgham, Harbridge, and North Ashley. The Ringwood registers1 begin in 1688 for burials and marriages, and in 1692 for baptisms. There are several interesting charities belonging to Ringwood. First and fore- Ringwoodcharities. most comes the school founded by will of John Lyne,2 dated December 18th, 1586, and executed by Richard, his " nephew " (that is, grandson — vol. ii. p. 229), and John Lyne and John Rose. Richard in his lifetime had, with leave of the vicar (Henry Bissel) and the churchwardens, &c, of Ringwood, formed an old stone house standing in the churchyard (it has lately been pulled down) into a schoolroom, and appointed one Broomfield, Esqnires ; Thomas Gale, Thomas Dowse of (1) In other parish registers of south-west Hamp- Elden, n Richard Love of Basing, William Goore, Robert shire, the earliest entries at Sopley, date from 1678, Harwood of Sutton Scotney, Alexander Wilson, William Rockbourne 1561, Milton 1654, Milford 1594, Ibsley Woulger, Thomas Mason, mayor of Southampton, and 1654, Hordle 1754, Holdenhurst 1679, Harbridge 1571, Aldermen George Gallop and Edward Exton. Hale 1690, Fordingbridge 1642, Ellingham 1596, Christ- Of those Hampshire gentlemen nominated on the com- church, including Hinton Admiral 1576, Breamore 1675. mittee some refused to take the covenant, and others were (2) In 1555 he was granted the arms thus blazoned, exempted from service. The names to which I have gules, three bucks' heads couped argent, on a chief of the prefixed n, do not appear in the committee list of June second two griffins' heads erased, sable. 15, 1644. But added to the list we find the names of In commemoration of Richard Lyne was an altar-tomb, Sir Henry Worsley, Bart. ; William Jephsou, Edward of some pretension, put up in the south transept of Ring- Goddard, William Pitt, Arthur Evelin, George Beynard, wood church. The Lyne and Proffit families were con- Alderman Robert Wroth; John Kittlewell, gentleman; nected through the Hookes of Bramshot. Henry Hooke, Ralph Riggs, Alderman of Winchester ; and John Eliott of Bramshot, married Margery, first daughter to Cuthbert of Ringwood. and sister to Sir Humfry Lyne. His second consin, John For Thomas Mason, &c, was substituted the Mayor Hooke, of London, married Mary, daughter to Robert of Southampton for the time being. The parliament was Proffit. John Hooke and Robert Proffit were both pretty sure of his worship's help. London goldsmiths. u2 148 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. " Annexation ' of the school property. Tithiogs of Ringwoodhundred. Richard Waterington master. For the perpetual endowment of the charity he left a rent charged upon his estates ; and, as a residence house for the schoolmaster, a messuage in the West Street of Ringwood, within his manor of Leybrook. The house was, July 12th, 1699, leased away for eighty-one years by Samuel Percivall 51 and afterwards, in 1783, sold by Mr. Compton to one Charles Frampton, who mortgaged it to George Burgess. And so, by the doings of Samuel Percivall and Nathaniel Gyles, in the earlier half of the last century, was the charity robbed of its proper endowment. Thomas Lyne, by will of May 7th, 1621, founded, amongst other charities, a scholarship towards the support, at one of the universities, of a boy from Ringwood school.2 Other charities were founded by members of the Lyne family — one by John Lyne, charged on Waterman's, at Kingston ; and another by Richard Lyne, charged, in 1 722, on his land at Burley. We have already noticed that Ringwood hundred proper contains the tithings of Ringwood and Ringwood provost, besides those of Bistern and Crow and Kingston, in Ringwood parish ; Harbridge and North Efford, in Harbridge ; and Pennington, in Milford parish. Two tithings of Ringwood parish do not belong to its hundred — namely, Burley, which is in the New Forest hundred, and North Ashley,3 in Westover liberty. Burley, so far as it belongs to the Forest, has been already noticed. Burley ville, formerly extra-parochial, includes the Bistern Closes. Burley ecclesiastical district dates from 1840. North Ashley is distinguished as Ashley-by-Ringwood in a notice of date 1333, whence we learn that Walter de Escote enfeoffed Thomas de Coleshulle and John de Twyngham in half the manor of West Titherley, reserving to himself lands and rents at Escote, with the manors of East Titherley and North Ashley. The revenues of North Ashley were held by William de Overton, who died 1360. His other Hampshire holdings were the manors of East Titherley and Basing ; the revenues of Quabbe,4 East Dean, and Sutton manors ; lands at Alresford, Stanbridge, Romsey, Pershutte,5 half West Titherley, and Quabbe. From Ringwood, northwards, we might take the upper road through Gorely and Hyde, or the lower, which leads close to Ibbesley church. Taking the latter, we (1) Margaret Lyne, great-granddaughter to old Richard Lyne, was married to Edmund Percival of Westover. (2) This destroyed school was the means of enabling the famous Thomas Stillingfleet to receive a University education. Born at Cranbourn and a scholar at Cran- bourn grammar school, he went thence to Ringwood school in the hope of gaining, as he did gain, the Lyne scholarship. (3) With Holdenhurst parish (including Muccleshell and Throop) Iford or Iver, and Tuckton in Christchurch parish and Long Ham (in Hampshire though belonging to the Dorsetshire parish of Hampreston), it makes up the Westover liberty. (4) We find Thomas de Overton holding the revenues of Quabbe Manor, and one hundred and forty acres at Hulle. (5) In the year 1361 Peter de Pershute died seized of the revenues of Pershute Manor, lands and tene ments at Haywood and Shacvilly, and the manors of Titherley and Bentley. CHRISTCHURCH TO ANDOVER. 149 leave, to the left, the great ponds into which the streams of the Avon form them selves west of Ringwood ; and, crossing Liuford stream (the Lynn ?), pass Blash- Biashford. ford at our right. Robert de Punchardon gave, at a rent of 10s., due every Michaelmas, to Ralph Fitz Osmund de Blacheford, half a yardland of arable, lying within the land held by Osmund, Ralph's father ; eighteen acres of land, and four of meadow, with three perches of his own demesne meadow, close to the fossatum monachorum de Elingham. The grant was confirmed by Robert, son to the granter, and afterwards by Reginald, son to William de Punchardon. Ralph gave the land to the monks of Beaulieu, and Sir Robert de Punchardon confirmed the gift. Ralph married his daughter Juliana to William de la Hulle, and gave him with her one acre of meadow in Suthwidale, below Biashford, lying between the meadows held by William Fitz Alured de Blache ford, and Syward's land. It appears that Ralph had a nephew, Walter, son to Herbert le Engleis, who held land in the neighbourhood of Ringwood and Fordingbridge. We find him selling land at Ellingham to his uncle Ralph. The said Walter Tot or Tod Fitz Herbert held a messuage under Reginald de Punchardon, for which he paid 16a7. rent. Reginald, with consent of his wife Christina, and his heirs, granted the rent to the monks of Beaulieu. To John Roscelyn de Ybbesley, Walter Tod de Blacheford, son to Herbert Engleis, remitted his yearly rent of a pound of cummin. We find him giving a messuage to Henry de Lindewode, and afterwards granting (the same ?) messuage, with a curtilage, at Biashford, described as situm ad orientale caput Pontis, ejusdem villce inter curtilagium quod Henricus de Lindewode, Forestarius, et William Hulle, tenuerunt, to the Abbot of St. Sauveur de Coutances. The abbot again conveyed the property, it appears, to his Vicar of Ellingham, Sir William, son to Reginald de Punchardon. A like gift was bestowed upon Sir William by his father Reginald. All the tenement which he had received from Walter Tod and Henry de Linde wode, one messuage and curtilage, arable land, meadow, and turf land, in the moors of Assemore and Buchmere, given to him by Reginald his father, William Fitz Reginald, the vicar, gave to Acelina de Blacheford, daughter of Richard Buche, for her service. She made over the tenements to the monks of Beaulieu, to be held in free socage at the price of 100s. centum solidos novorum sterlingorum in Gersumam. Acelina was native (neife, or born vassal) to Walter Thessum de Alingham, and, with all her sequela (children, &c), had been given by him to the forester Richard de Burley Fitz Roger. From Albreda, widow to Walter de Langford,1 William, Vicar of Ellingham, received one acre of meadow. (1) In 1 254 we find Amicia, Countess of Devon, fining Isle of Wight holdings, with maritage of the heirs of one hundred marks with the king for the custody of the Richard de Langeford. He had held under Baldwin de 150 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE Walter Fitz Herbert had two brothers — William Tod and Denys. William Fitz Herbert, with consent of Lucia his wife, and his heirs, for one mark of silver, sold, to John, son of Roscelin Hull, two acres in Little Mede. To Lucia, John was to give, for consenting to the sale, a pair of gloves, unum par ckirothe- carum; and to the eldest son, a pair of Cordovan sandals, sunas subtalares^ de Cordui: Denys, son to Herbert de Blacheford, gave to his nepos Walter a messuage and two acres in Blacheford, which Walter's father had formerly given to him. The messuage lay next to that which had formerly belonged to Henry de Lindewode ex parte australi, and one acre which stretched along from the croft, some time belong ing to Ralph de Blacheford. Leaving Biashford to the south, we now continue our course along the Avon. Someriey. Across the river we see the Somerley woods, and on the river float Lord Norman- ton's swans. The pictures at Somerley House have already been somewhat noticed (vol. ii. p. 113). Presently we come to Ellingham, the church standing off to our left, and Moyle's Court, to our right. Ellingham. The church of St. Mary (?) at Ellingham, of thirteenth century and later dates, is by no means without interest. Its rood screen, of late date, may be noticed. The rood loft was probably altered and the texts painted up over it early in Elizabeth's reign. The pulling down or alteration of rood lofts was a special article in the orders of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners of October 10th, 1561. At Ellingham church there is a reminiscence of Puritan times in the iron frame intended for holding the hour-glass by which the length of seventeenth century sermons was regulated.2 l'Isle, Earl of Devon, whose son and heir was the king's worth 5*. ; to Richard de la Mare half a yardland, worth ward. 8*. ; and to Richard le Chaplein another half virgate, In that same year the king, by his attorney, Laurence worth 5*. John and Walter de Lnverz, Henry de Mere, de Brok, proceeded against Richard de la Mere for half a and the Rector of Titherley, were among the holders of yardland and six acres in Tyddle, which had been alienated alienated land. from the king's serjeanty of Tiderlegh without leave. Altogether Roger had alienated land worth 41*. V)d., Richard and others concerned answered that they had or, as otherwise reckoned, sixty-seven acres, one yardland on a former occasion been summoned in like manner; and a half, with 3*. in rents. that they then called upon Roger de Lagheford to There were at the same time brought sundry other warrant their title ; that he fixed the yearly payment of actions touching lands in Dorsetshire and elsewhere held one mark to the king in the presence of Robert Passe- by Roger's serjeanty of Tytherley. lewe and Henry de Wengham. It appeared by reference Roger de Langeford held at Chule a fee under the to the rolls that Richard de la Putte was not in them countess, and kept the manor in demesne. mentioned, but that Richard de la Mere and Robert le (1) It is worth notice that the now nearly obsolete Forest had fixed as alleged. The king therefore recovered English word shoon travelled so far as Jerusalem, and, seizin against Richard de la Rutte alone. written in Hebrew characters as shuunn, is given in a The serjeanty of Roger de Langford for Westitherley Syro-Chaldaiclectionaryas the translation of im-oSfiiiara, consisted in furnishing an armed horseman for forty days' or sandals. service within England and Wales in the king's own (2) The Bishop of Winchester in 1625 particularly guard. To John de Legh had been alienated ten acres, inquired whether any of his clergy cut short the service CHRISTCHURCH TO ANDOVER. 151 A certain ugly picture in the church was given by General Windsor. The Lisle pew and other memorials of the Moyle's Court family may be noticed. Alice Lisle's grave is in the churchyard. Near the church it is said the foundations of Ellingham priory buildings may yet be traced. From what prince Ellingham obtained its name I know not. In the time of the Confessor Adelingeham was held by Bolre (?) in alodium. Afterwards, under the Conqueror, Cola the huntsman held it. To the manor there belonged five plough- Ellingham in • i -i-i^-i -i/>i the Conqueror's lands, two m demesne, eight villeins, seven bordmen, five slaves, with lour teams t;me. and a half, a mill (worth 7s. 6a7.), and three acres of meadow. Wood there was sufficient for forty hogs. The old value of the manor was £7, and it was assessed at five hides and a half. The assessment had been reduced to one hide and a half, and the value to 70s. One hide of land and as much wood had been thrown into the forest, the wood affording pannage for twenty hogs ; and the whole value of the afforested portion being 70s. William de Solariis, in 1163, gave to the house of St. Sauveur le Vicomte, in the diocese of Coutances, the rectory of All Saints' parish church and the chapel of St. Ellin^iam Mary, at Ellingham. After the suppression of alien priories, Henry VI. gave a rent chapel. charged upon the tithes of Ellingham to his college of Eton, a grant to which Edward IV. added the rectory of the parish. The prior held certain privileges in the Forest. By order of November 3rd, 1205, the sheriff was commanded to give, or rather to restore, to Robert de Henbaysent, seizin of certain lands at Ellingham, Iwode, and Wallop. In 1293 the manor and church of Ellingham belonged to the priory. Beaulieu Abbey held land at Ellingham, by gift of the Fortin and Punchardon families. We find Sir Robert de Punchardon confirming to the monks all their holdings in Ellingham parish. Again, Reginald, son to Walter de Punchardon, granted to Walter de Fortin ' of Southampton, one yardland at Ellingham, half of which had belonged to Martin de Legh. Walter's lands passed to his son William Fortin, who, with the consent of by leaving out the creed or commandments, in order to whenever he should come to the said messuage ; and, have longer time for the sermon. secondly of crossing the seas with the abbot, at the Many preachers took the extra length of their sermon Abbey cost, whenever called upon. ont of the after part of the service, * custom specially Adjoining the fee of Cormeilles Abbey, was that of displeasing to some of the bishops. Bishop Wren in- Roscelin Tirel, whose son, Walter Tirel, granted it in quired whether the clergy forbore saying a prayer and fee to Walter Fortin, at a twelve-penny rent. giving a blessing in the pulpit, going thence to the com- Walter Fortin sold the buildings he had put up on the munion table, and there properly finishing the service. Cormeilles and Tirel lands to Beaulieu Abbey for £100. (1) Walter de Fortin, or, as he is described in the deed, He held also under Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, Galfridus de Hampton cognomento Fortin, received from the adjoining property in English (High) Street, which Durandus, Abbot of Cormeilles, a messuage, on condition, afterwards the earl conveyed to the abbey. Walter's gift first, of finding him in salt, firewood, water, and sheets, to the abbey was confirmed by Bishop Peter de Roche. 152 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. his wife Lucia and his heir, gave his Ellingham inheritance to the Beaulieu monks. The Pont Char- Reginald de Punchardon gave Beaulieu Abbey aferling of land, eleven acres in ttenirfh^ldings.d Ellingnam neatnj «d australem partem de Deppedene ; besides novem Fenges prati in Aquilonari parte de la Widemere de Ellingham. Robert Tessum sold the monks, for thirty marks, septem Wenges pratis in la Widemer. He further gave them six acres of meadow at Dichacres, in Stockmede, and one acre adjoining that lying between the meadow of Roscelin and the meadow belonging to Sir Nicholas Mules (Molis), which his father, Walter, had given to the abbey. Sir Oliver, son to Oliver de Punchardon, remitted to the monks of Beauheu a five-shilling rent, which they had been accustomed to pay to Reginald de Pun chardon. The Ellingham family of Pont Chardon were of some note in Hampshire, so early as the thirteenth century. We find Roger, Robert, and Oliver de Punchardon holding lands in the county, under kings John and Henry III. On November 24, 1204, the king ordered that Thomas Peverell should have four marks' worth of land at Ellingham, lately belonging to Robert de Punchardon, the castle, chattels or stock, and corn, on the estate being reserved to the king. A like order was given in 1216. From a precept of February 5, 1205, we learn that Robert de Punchardon was then in Normandy, and that Walter Fortin had a farm of his Ellingham land. To Oliver, on December 6, 1221, the king gave the lands which Thomas Peverel had held at Faccombe, of King John's bailiwick. In consequence of that grant we find, afterwards, one Oliver de Punchardon and William Cosin holding two-thirds of a knight's fee at Faccombe and Tangley.1 Oliver Punchardon received in 1231 a charter for half the manor of Faccombe. We find a notice of Oliver de Punchardon owing the king two marks, on account of a fee held by old enfeoffment, in the tenancy of which he had succeeded Richard de Solaris. Richard de Punchardon2 held of the king as one knight's fee Faccombe, and (1) Through part of Faccombe runs the ancient shire for £25 sterlingorum de Gersuma. He had received the mark of Wansdyke, which presently we shall have tenement from his mother, Margery de Rivers. occasion to notice. Margery sold to Beaulieu Abbey for twenty-three marks To Faccombe rectory pertains the chapelry of Tangley. of silver, her man Richard Palmarius with his sequela, Of a third part of Tangelegh manor, with a messuage and all that appertained to him. She also sold the at Newton, in the Isle of Wight, Thomas de Keynes in monks, for thirty-five marks of silver, La Burmore and 1361 died seized. La Burmede, with three half acres belonging to her vil- (2) Richard and Robert de Punchardon with Richard leins, tribus dimidiis acris rusticorum meorum. She de Kardimulle, John and Robert de Kernet, knights, further engaged that if by reason of her debts to the William de Burgate, Niel de Bockland, Walter Tessun, king or the Jews, or from other causes, the title to the and others, witnessed the grant, by which John, son to moor and meadow could not be made good, she would Geoffrey de Neville, gave the monks of Beaulieu land and exchange them for other lands. tenement at Burgate and Gorley, with meadow and moor, Robert de Punchardon held land in fee ai Eling ; CHRISTCHURCH TO ANDOVER. 153 Nicholas de Molis with Robert and Reginald de Punchardon, held as belonging to Faccombe two hides of land, on which the Lord of Faccombe paid scutage ; all which was held by ancient enfeoffment. Robert de Punchardon held at Houghton half a fee under William de Beauchamp, tenant in chief. Under Robert, Richard de Dena held the land by ancient enfeoffment. We find Robert de Punchardon, in 1322, making over to Stephen Baret, parson of Bryngwys, the manors of Faccombe and Elyngham. In 1345 Florence Punchardon held the revenues of Ellingham manor, under the lordship of Faccombe, belonging to Bartholomew de l'Isle and his wife Elizabeth. Margery, wife to Bertin de Punchardon, held Ellingham manor in dower. She The Punchar- died 1360. donfamily' In the list of Hampshire gentry, fifty-three in number, made out 1433, by Cardinal Beaufort, Sir Reginald le Warre, commissioners, and John Lysle and John Brewe de Stapule, knights of the shire, we find the last dozen names those of William Wells, John Escote, John Rotherfield, Richard Parker, John Kybbyll, John Barbour, Symon Almayn, William Farcy, Richard Punchardon, Nicholas Bernard, Nicholas Banestre, and Thomas Wayte. Richard Punchardon died 1466, seized of the revenues of Elyngham and Faccombe manors, with the advowson of Faccombe rectory. In 1340 Richard Prichet, John Walraund, John Cade, and Thomas Beket swore that the ninths of Elyngham were worth £4 16s. 8a?. The endowment of the church consisted in one messuage four acres and rents worth yearly 53s. Ad. Tithes of hay came yearly to £6 8s. The ninths belonging to Beaulieu Regis Abbey were reckoned at 2s. In 1442 the church of All Saints, with the chapel of St. Mary, Ellingham, was granted to the new college of Eton. Elyngham vicarage, held by Stephen Te'mpler, was in 1535 reckoned to be worth £8 9s., with deductions for procurations and a certain rent charged on the vicarage amounting to 4s. 3d. Moyle's Court manor was early separated from the manor of Ellingham. Movie's Court We have already seen that early in the thirteenth century, Nicholas de Molis held certain lands with Robert and Reginald Punchardon. The site of his holding is probably the modern manor of Moyle's Court. under him held Herbert de la Bury de Helings, who and land at Hounsdown, close to the highway : Hounes- granted to Beaulieu Abbey his tenement, with the rever- dune juxta publicam stratam stretching np to the gallows sion of his mother's dower, all except the land held of between the land of the Earl of Devon, and that belong- him by William de Bradford. Of that land he gave them ing to the parson of Eling. At Colebury chapel, by-the- only one croft. bye (as elsewhere, see p. 88), the monks had license of He further gave the monks a garden held of him at celebrating Divine service. The license was granted by Colebury, by Walter Thessum, a croft in his own occu- Aylmer, Bishop-elect of Winchester, and the Prior of potion ; the croft held of him by Richard de Colebury, Mottisfont. VOL. III. X manor. 154 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The De Molis We find John de Molis, who died 1309 (son to Roger,1 who died 1284, and grand son to Nicholas de Molis,2 Sheriff of Hants and governor of Winchester Castle, who died 1227), holding a fee at Warnford, the revenues of the manor of Up Wallop, and the moiety of Ellingham. His second son and heir, John, had two daughters, the elder of whom, Muriel, carried Up Wallop to her husband, Sir Thomas Courtney,3 whilst Isabel inherited Ellingham. In 1337 among the holdings of John de Moelis are given the revenues of Up Wallop and Elyngham manors, with a fee and a half at Burgate. Movie's Court Alicia, wife of Nicholas de Molis, held in dower Stoke Moels in Oxfordshire, Whites and ^ith other fees and manors. Afterwards we find the De Molis lands belonging to Beconshaws. Sir Salter Clopton, who in 1411 died seized of Ellingham Meolls manor. A little later we find Moyle's Court in the possession of the Whites. Amongst the Hampshire holdings (of which, in 1469, John White, son to Robert White, of Yateley and Farnham, died seized) were the manors of South Warnborough, Bensted, Kingsley Wyke, Welle, Revesden, Rochford, Moyle's or Moyle's Court, Penington or Penyton, half the manor of Bedinham, Welmede in Farnborough, Long Sutton, Isyngton, and a tenement at Tunworth, known as Cotom. The Moyle's Court branch of the family ended in William White, whose daughter Alice took the estate to her husband, William Beconshaw.4 Alice Beconsawe, wife to William Beconsawe of Ibsley, Esq., died July 19, 1622, and was buried in Ellingham church. Of William and Alice Beconshawe there were three children, Catharine, wife to William Jenkins of Avon, Dorothy, wife to David Budden, and White Beconshaw, knighted at Whitehall, Feb. 15, 1627. His father, Sir William Beconshaw, was Sheriff of Hampshire in 1634, unless, indeed, my author has given the son the father's name, which I rather suspect. It appears that at the death of Sir White Beconshaw, his Moyle's Court property was divided between his daughters, Elizabeth Tipping, wife of Sir Thomas Tipping, and Alicia, wife to John Lisle, lineally descended in the fifteenth degree from Jordan, and in the fourteenth, from his son Geoffrey de l'Isle, vassals of the Redvers family.5 (1) Roger de Molis was in 12S0 summoned to show Their son, Sir Hugh, who died 1368, was seized of why he did not attend the king's hundred court of Upper Wallop. Thorngate. He pleaded in answer that the land he (4) His second cousin, John Beconshaw of Burghclere, held in Wellop had been given to his father, Nico- head of the family, married Anne, daughter to Nicholas las, by Richard I. ; that it had been previously held by Tichborne. Matthew de la Poterie or Potiere by the service of half (5) The De l'Isle family must he carefully distinguished a knight's fee ; and that Matthew had never done suit from their lords the Redvers family, a distinction some- for it at the hundred com-t. All which the jury con- times inadvertently overlooked through the treacherous firmed. likeuess of their surnames. The De Redvers earls, as lords (2) Nicholas de Moels bore argent, two bars gules ; in de l'Isle, were not unfrequently designated from their chief three mullets of the second. lordship. (3) Sir Thomas Courtney was youngest son to Hugh To Geoffrey de l'Isle was given, November 9, 1224, by his marriage with Agnes de St. John. The daughters the custody of the daughter and heiress of Baldwin Estur. of Thomas and Muriel Courtency were married, Margaret She had been entrusted by the bishop to the charge of to Thoma3 Peverell, and Muriel to John Dynham. the sheriff. CHRISTCHURCH TO ANDOVER. 155 He was eleventh in descent from John de l'Isle, governor of Carisbrook, who died 1304, and fifth from George Lisle, whose elder brother's daughter, Agnes Lisle, was wife to John Philpot, of Compton. I cannot find out the connection (if any there was) between Brian de l'Isle and Brian de l'Isle the Lisle family. His wife was one Grace. Her seal gave three crescents and a canton. Brian and Grace, it appears, left no children; and Brian's heirs were Thomas Brito and his wife Alicia, William de Glamorgan and Ralph de Scopham. His connection with Welsh families was the occasion of the king granting him, for one hundred marks and a palfrey, the wardship and disposal in marriage of the children of William Brito de Sadelin. Brian's father was named Robert, and his grandfather, Brian de l'Isle. We find more than once in 1199 a plaint of Warin de Aula, against Robert de l'Isle, touching the land of Mordeston (Motteston). Three years afterwards it was again put off on account of Brian being absent from the country on the king's business. It appears that Moteston descended to William de Glamorgan.1 Brian de l'Isle bore gules, a lion passant argent, crowned or. In 1253 Robert de Mucegros held in socage of William de Lisle, at the yearly rent of 6a?., one hide at Chalton. William Fitz Walter de l'Isle held, under the Countess Isabella de Fortibus, the fourth part of a fee at Newtown. Sir John de Lisle was living in 1275.2 John, son of John de l'Isle, obtained, 1306, a grant (confirmed 1389) of free warren in certain Isle of Wight manors and in Mansbridge. Bartholomew de l'Isle married a daughter of Hugh Courtenay, Earl of Devon. Their daughter Mary was married to Sir Henry Oglander. Bartholomew and his wife were buried at Thruxton. In 1356 the king granted in fee, to John, son and heir to Bartholomew de l'Isle, the bailiwick of the king's forest de Chutte, to be held by the due service. (1) Robert de Glamorgan held under Isabella de The heirs of Richard Malet held of Robert the seventh Fortibus a fee at Brook and Uggeton. The manor of a fee at Hertyngeschete. In 1326 there was granted of Brook he kept in demesne. Under him held John to John de Glamorgan a charter of free warren at Har- Passelewe half a fee in Brook, the Templars the third delewode, Est Staunden, Moterston, and Broke. of a fee at Uggeton in frankalmoign, and the heirs of (2) Sir or Lord John de l'Isle held under Isabella de Bartholomew de Brook one yardland, at the yearly rent Fortibus, of her honour of Carisbrook Castle, seven fees of a pound of pepper. and a half and an eighth. In demesne he kept the Robert de Glamorgan also held of the countess one manors of Ronde, Appeltreford, Woditon, Celerton, fee in Wolveton, Hardeleghe, Langrede, and Scottesford. Schorewelle, Bonechirche, Holeweye, Schentling, and The manor of Wolverton he kept in demesne, and the Wyppingham. Among those who held under him were heirs of Richard Malet held of him the fourth of a fee at Ralph de Garden, half a fee at Throcketon, held formerly Sandham. by Thomas de Pyle ; Robert de Glanmorgan and John Robert de Glamorgan also held one fee and a sixth unoer Passelewe, the fourth part of a fee at Humedeston ; Isabella de Fortibus, occupying in demesne the manors Robert Achard, the twentieth of a fee close to Carisbrook, of Moteston and Burton. Later in the thirteenth century held under him by Walter Bernard ; Hugh de Brayboef, the manor of Burton (or Barton) was held in demesne half a fee at Freshwater; the Prior of Christchurch, the by the chaplains, who also held of Robert the sixth part fourth of a fee at Wilmingeham, and at Freshwater the of a fee at Burton, in frankalmoign. land formerly held by Henry Huse. x2 156 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The Lisle brass. The Lisle brothers take opposite sides in the Civil War. Crora well's Lord Lisle. John de l'Isle was in 1389 declared to be kinsman and heir to John, son to John de l'Isle, who was seized in divers manors, granted in fee by charter of 1306. On the brass of Sir John Lysle, Lord of Wodynton, who died Jan. 31, 1407, and Elizabeth his wife, are sculptured four coats. The north-east coat gives on a chief three lions rampant Lisle; and that to the south-east a chevron between three martlets (?) At the bottom of the brass we have to the north the first coat impaled with another giving three roundels with a label of three points for difference ; but to the south the first and second coat impaled. Bishop Courtenay's coat, in Winchester Cathedral, is differenced by a label of three long points, each bearing a roundlet. In 1434 Elizabeth, widow of Sir John Lysle, died. She held no lands or tene ments in Hants or Berks. Sir William Lisle was Sheriff of Berks in 1410. Again we find among the Berkshire sheriffs William Lisle in 1420, 1421, and 1422. Thenceforward the Lisle family took foremost rank amongst the gentry of Hamp shire. Sir John Lisle, who bore (so at least my author states), or, a fess, between two chevrons sable, was sheriff 1439, and knight of the shire in 1433. Under the first of the Tudors we several times find members of the family serving as sheriffs, as Sir John Lisle in 1506, and Sir Thomas Lisle in 1526, and sitting for the county in parliament. Then we find little more record of them in the register of county honours, until we come to John Lisle, Esq., sitting with Sir William Ogle for the city of Winchester, in the parliament of 1640. He was younger son to Sir William Lisle ; was bred to the bar, and in due time became one of the leading opponents of Charles I. Meanwhile, his brother William, who was to " heir the land," goes to Court, is knighted, becomes a zealous royalist, follows his master into exile, returns with him at the Restoration, lives long enough to hear of his brother's murder at Lausanne, August, 1664, and dies the next year. His son, Edward Lisle, of Crux Easton, and eventually of Moyle's Court and Dibden, married Mary, daughter to Sir Ambrose Phillipps. The subsequent fortunes of that elder branch of the family need not here be recorded. We return to John, the younger son of old Sir William Lisle, who obtained Moyle's Court through his marriage with the coheiress of Sir White Beconshaw. He rose with Cromwell, became one of his lords, and attained to other honours more or less profitable. As Commissioner of the Great Seal he received yearly some £1,000 or £1,500. He held in Hampshire the mastership of St. Cross. He swore Cromwell into office as Lord Protector. With Mr. Smith, Commissioner of the Navy, and Major Bowreman1 (all three sitting for Hampshire) he voted for making Oliver King of England. How he fled the kingdom upon the king's return to England, and with Goff, Ludlow, Whalley, and another, took refuge in Switzerland, where he was assassinated by certain Irishmen, belongs to the general history of that time. (1) Thomas Bowreman, Esq., of Brook, Isle of Wight, was admitted burgess of Lymington in 1635. In the parliament of 1656, he and William Sydenham, Esq., sat for the Isle of Wight. CHRISTCHURCH TO ANDOVER. 157 The story of Alice Lisle has been so often told, that I forbear encumbering these The story of pages with the rehearsal of its sad details. Every one knows that having given shelter to Hickes and Nelthorpe, she was brought up before Jeffreys, at Winchester, on the charge of treason, that he bullied the jury into a verdict of guilty, that in spite of all alleged on her behalf, and the special intercession with the king of Lady St. John and Lady Abergavenny, she was beheaded at Winchester, Sept. 3, 1685. At the petition of her daughter Tryphena, wife to Richard Lloyd, and Bridget Usher, the sentence upon Alice Lisle was reversed May 24, 1689. Of John and Alice Lisle, the daughter Ann Hartell was buried in her mother's grave at Ellingham. John Lisle, the son, upon the accession of William and Mary (or before ?) succeeded to the estates of Dibden and Moyle's Court. Edward Lisle was Sheriff of Hants in 1702. Moyle's Court has been a very interesting old manor-house, but now-a-days Moyle's Court contains comparatively little worth notice. So far as I can learn there are in it few, if any, real relics of the Alice Lisle time. Very untrustworthy traditions identify with certain parts of the existing house, the refuge place of the fugitives from Sedgmoor, and the rooms occupied by their hostess, but nothing can satisfactorily be made out in the altered state of the building. The remains of the manorial chapel, and some old wood-work, may probably date from the days of the Whites and Beconshaws. When, after the death of Mr. Charles Lisle, in 1818, the property passed to the Barings, the old manor-house was turned into a mere farm-house, and in great measure dismantled and reduced in size. South of Moyle's Court, on the other side of the stream, stands Rochford. Rochford. Under the Confessor it was held by priest Alsi (page 110) in alodium, and in 1084, by Hugh St. Quintin, of Hugh de Port. To it there belonged two ploughlands, one in demesne, seven villeins, nine bordmen, with one team, six slaves, and fifty acres of meadow. The afforested woods were worth 30s. Its old assessment was rated at one hide, and its value at 60s. Afforestation of the Ytene had reduced its assess ment to one hide, and its value to 30s. On Dec. 26, 1221-2 Walter Fortin appointed Reginald de Rucford, his attorney, to do at the king's pleasure suit for his land of Rucford, in the county court of Hamp shire and the hundred court of Fordingbridge. In 1347 Edmund de St. John, son and heir to Hugh de St. John, was found seized of rents amounting to £30, at Redbridge, Hambledon, Ripley, Hook, Rochford, and Hurn, and elsewhere, held of the barony of St. John ; £12 in rents at Avon, Ibsley, and Goreley, and other fees in the Forest. Also the manors of Basing, Bromley, Abbotston, Shirborn, St. John, and Portsea, the churches of Warnford and Abbotston, the church and chapel of Chaw- ton, the free chapel of Basing, the custody of Pamber forest, the marsh of Shirborn, parks of Privit and Morgaston, and fifty-five Hampshire fees. Continuing our course; we pass Ibsley church just as we come out upon the Avon. 158 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Ibsley church. Sir John Con stable. Ibsley land owners. The river Avon is rather pretty at Ibsley, the bevies of swans, the bridge by which we pass, all tending to make up a pleasing English river scene. Ibsley church, like most of those in the Avon valley, is of thirteenth century date. It was rebuilt in 1832. In Ibsley church was buried Sir John Constable (he died March 1, 1627) with his wife and children. Sir John Constable's wife, Dorothy, was sister to Alice, wife of the Sir Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam. I think Dorothy's coat was sable, a cross engrailed between four crescents argent. She and her sister were daughters to Bennet Barham, a London alderman. To his " loving brother and friend, Sir John Constable, Knight," did Bacon dedicate his essays of 1612 — " in respect of bond of neare alliance, and of straight friendship and societie, and particularly of communication in studie." By his will he left all his books and £100 in gold to his " brother Constable," with jewels to his '' sister Constable." Sir John was a barrister of Gray's Inn, and was knighted, as is said, on October 7, 1607, although that date cannot be reconciled with Bacon's own statement that by his desire the king knighted Constable on a certain Sunday. Perhaps Ibsley is the Tibeslei of the Domesday Survey, which had been held by Alger in alodium, and in 1084 was held by Hugh de Port, and under him by Ralph. To it belonged five ploughlands, two in demesne, six villeins, ten bordmen, with three teams, three slaves, a mill worth 10s., and seven hundred eels, seventy-five acres of meadow, and wood for one hog. Two hides had been afforested, and the former assessment at four hides had been reduced one half. The value of the manor had sunk from £A, before the Conquest, to 40s. In 1084 it was worth 60s., and the afforested part 20s. In the thirteenth century Hugh de Goddeshull1 and Gilbert de Hattingley held the third of a fee at Ibbesley. In 1329 Roger le Cook de Melebury died seized of lands at Ibsley. In 1362 John de la Bere died seized of lands and tenements at Yerdlee and Ibsley, with right of common pasture in the New Forest. In 1413 William Stourton died seized of sixteen messuages, two ploughlands, twelve acres of meadow, and eight of wood at Hibbesley and Gorley, the rents of Basing manor, the manor of Nether Burgate, and thirteen messuages, one hundred acres of arable, four of meadow, and rents at La Hyde Rulebrook and Frogham in Fordingbridge parish. (1) Sir Hugh de Godshnll gave to Beaulieu Abbey a strip of meadow in Tbistlemore, bordered by La Drave, the water of Alne, a meadow of William de Neville, and a meadow which belonged to Reading Abbey. He gave np all his claims upon his free tenants and villeins, libere tenenles et rusticos, of Burgate and North Gorley, for the pasturage of their animalia jumenta et porci, and remitted to the subjects of the abbey his dues for herbage and other like services. Further, he gave up all his right, if any, in the abbey meadow, formerly the property of William de Neville, and adjoining the ten acres which he himself had given to the abbey. Sir Hugh de Godshull also sold to the abbey, for seven marks of sterlings, the meadow of Savenak or Sennoc (compare Senocks for Seven Oaks), on the banks of the Avon, jacet super ripam alvi de Avene. CHRISTCHURCH TO ANDOVER. 159 Sir William Stourton de Stourton, who died 1477, held the manor of Ibsley, the revenues of Ludshelfe manor, messuages and lands at Basingstoke and Sopley. If Ibsley church (or rather chapel appendant to Fordingbridge) be meant by the designation Capella Estpley, then Ibsley chapelry, held by Robert Lawrence, was, in 1535, worth 40s. yearly. There are two manors at Ibsley — one Ibsley Lisle's, or White's, the other Ibsley The Ibsley Cray's, or Battin's. With the neighbouring manors of Ellinghan and Moyle's Court, they enjoy forest rights. The old manor house of the Cray family has been pulled down. Giles Rooke, whose will was dated April 27, 1682, succeeded William Battin at Ibsley. Among the copyholders of Ibsley manor, in the earher half of the last century, Ibsley copy- we find Mrs. Elizabeth Compton and John Plumlye. John Plumlye with John and Ralph Curtis, and Robert and William Garrett, was of the homage at the court- baron of Jeremiah Cray, held October 26, 1742. Elizabeth Compton died before Nov. 4, 1752, and was that day succeeded in her copyhold by her niece, Elizabeth Cray. She had bought it 1735 for the lives of herself, Jeremiah Cray, and Elizabeth Cray, an infant. John, and after his death Joan Plumbly, were leaseholders of the manor. Jeremiah Cray, of Ibbesley, was Sheriff of Hants in 1748. " The Rev. Mr. Warner" is down on the rent-roll of the manor, as paying 4s. yearly. In the return of freeholders of the manor Oct. 28, 1735, the executors (or heirs ?) of Samuel Adlam, gentleman, head the list ; and next comes Charles Warner, clerk. The last instance of the manorial records being entered in Latin, is the account of the court-baron held October 26, 1732. Continuing our course northward, we see beyond, to the left, Harbridge church or Harbridge. chapel, of twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth century date, rebuilt in 1839. The tower, with a modern turret at its side, is particularly remarkable. We now pass through a pretty bit of country — the brook winding hither and thither at our right, under the shade of the graceful " ladies of the forest." The high ridge running parallel to the Avon, by Gorely, shuts out our view eastward. The new church of Hyde stands out in our east distance, just before we cross the Hyde. Avon into the awkward-looking, straggling town of Fordingbridge. Alan de Hida was bailiff to the Earl Marshall. We find him, on February 22, 1225, ordered to restore to Alicia de Rocheford the seizin of her land at Kelmeston, of which, after the death of her husband, Andrew de la Bere, she had been wrongly disseized, he having held it only in her right. Philip de Hida gave the monks of Beaulieu, in Halewell, a messuage and curtilage, ten acres of arable and one of meadow, which he had received from Simon de Esseby. 160 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The Wiltshire border. Anaover town. A Roman set tlement. Relics at Red- enham Park. To Simon the holding had been granted by Thomas de Langton, and confirmed by Margery de Rivers. We find the gift of Philip de Herda witnessed by William Spiieman. In 1477 Thomas Horsey died seized of messuages, lands, &c, at La Hyde, Romsey the Mount, Merswode (page 10), and Dene. We must defer our notice of Fordingbridge and the Hampshire parishes which lie to its north, in order to hasten on without delay to the town of Andover. Passing onward we cross the county boundary line into Wiltshire. We might have taken another course in our progress towards Andover, skirting the county in a easterly direction until we found ourselves in the Test valley, and thence tracing the stream upwards to Andover. But it will be more convenient that we should follow the straighter course which takes us right through Salisbury and brings us again into Hampshire, by Grately.1 One advantage of that route is that our way from Salis bury to Andover more or less coincides throughout with the ancient line of the Roman road. The town of Andover into which we now enter has little of actual, but much of historical, interest to commend it to our attention. That in its neighbourhood there was a large and important Roman settlement is certain, from the remains found at Thruxton, Abbot's Ann, and elsewhere. It is equally certain that of that settlement we have no written record. There is not the shadow of a reason for identifying Andover with the Andeareon of the old geographer. Whether to the west of Andover we have not the site of the ancient Vindomis, is perhaps not unworthy of consideration. At Redenham Park, near Andover, some very interesting Roman relics were many years ago discovered. Amongst them was an underground vault or chamber (probably a bath stove), furnished with a flue some eight inches square, to which soot was still adhering ; and ornamental pavements of red brick and white burnt chalk, covered with slate. Such and suchlike vestiges of habitation promised further discoveries, if their site were properly explored. Later searches laid bare the floors of four rooms, running south-east and north-west, and altogether measuring some forty feet by seventeen. The two middle rooms were each thirteen feet across, those at the ends each six feet2 Some specimens of pottery, a coin or two, mussel and oyster shells, and sundry small bones, almost make up the list of the other Roman relics discovered at Redenham. South of the Redenham relics the famous Thruxton pavement, apparently the floor of a Roman dining-room, was discovered in 1823. It seems that in its centre was represented a Bacchus on a leopard. Above ran the legend, Quintus Natalius Nata- (1) Some have supposed that at Grataly was held Athelstan's great council for the regulation of the English mints. John Grene, Esq., died 1432, seized of Grateleye manor, with the advowson of its church. (2) For a fuller aud more detailed account of the discoveries, I must refer to the statements of Sir John Pollen, Sir John Boileau, and others. There can be little donbt hut that further search would bring to light still more interesting remains. ANDOVER. 161 linus et Bodeni, and below an inscription of which the letters V and 0 were alone decipherable. This pavement was tesselated in red and white squares. To the north of the pavement lay graves containing five skeletons. Coins of the Constantines and later emperors were found on the site, close to the old Roman road running to Silchester. Southward, in the Minster field at Abbot's Ann, traces of a large Roman villa Villa at Abbot's have been discovered. Specimens of its pavements are represented in the accom panying engraving, Figs. 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7.1 From these and other like indications, such as pottery dug up at the west bridge in Redenham Park, and elsewhere, not far from the Roman road from Salisbury to Silchester, it has been inferred that a great Roman settlement once occupied the country west, north-west, and south-west of Andover. Perhaps we should not be far wrong in relegating it to the time of Constantine the Great A little bronze model of a bath, or labrum, measuring two and a half inches other Roman across, was found in the diggings for the Basingstoke and Andover railway. Pro- r bably it was used in the baths for pouring water upon the head. Of the history of the Andover district during the three first centuries after The Anna the occupation of the country by our ancestors, we know very little. I offer it countrJ'- merely as a conjecture, which seems to me not improbable, that the district of which Andover town is the capital may have taken its name from the great East Anglian king, Anna, son of Eni. When Cynewalch (Coinualch or Cenwalh) was (about 643) driven from his kingdom of Wessex, he took refuge with Anna, and remained with him three years. During that time of exile he resumed the profession of the Christian faith, and was baptised and gefullad waes. It, would be very natural for the Wessex king, on his return to his own dominions, to couple with his zealous establishment and liberal endowment of the church in Wessex, some recognition of his obligations to Anna, the Christian king and confessor (if not martyr). Is it improbable that he made to him a grant of that part of Hampshire which has ever since been known as the Anna country ? However that might be, one thing is certain, that our early ancestors either found or else gave the name Ann as the (1) The other figures represent the West Dean pave- held by the service of guarding the gaol at Winchester. ment, discovered on the borders of our county. We find in 1 362, Alicia, wife to Valentine Becke, hold- Of the Roman pavements found in Hampshire it may ing it by that tenure. A charter of 1246 gave land at be sufficient now to notice briefly, in addition to those Wodcote and the custody of Winchester gaol, to Niel described in the text, those of Crouda.ll and Bramdean. Fitz Robert. Earlier yet, in the thirteenth century, The Crondall pavement was square in shape. Its Matthew de Wallop held by gift of King John 100*. pattern consisted in six octagons within a double border worth of land in the villa de Bromdena, and hundred of arabesque. In the centre compartment a two-handled of Esielege, by the service of keeping Winchester gaol. vaBe was figured. Henry de Bromdena held 20*. worth of land at Bram- The Bramdean, which is the Roman pavement of dean by a like service It otherwise appears that the Hampshiru, discovered on the estate sold with Brookwood original grant was conveyed in a charter from King John, by Lord Malmesbury to Mr. Greenwood, must be hereafter of date 1203, by which Matthew de Wallop and his heirs described in full It has been carefully preserved by the received the custody of the king's house, the oastle gate, present owner of the property. The manor of Woodcote, and the gaol at Winchester, with the land of Wodcote, within the limits of which it was found, was formerly and one hide at Candeura. VOL. IH. Y 162 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Anna in the tenth century. High court at Andover. The minsters lose their hold ings in Anna. general designation of a large tract of country lying in the north-west of Hamp shire. Through the Ann country ran the Ann dever, or Ann stream. From it, just as Titchbourne, Candover, Mitcheldever, St. Mary's Bourne, &c, &c, derived their names from the streams passing through them, the capital of the Ann country became known as the An-dever town.1 The fictitious charter by which Edward is made, in 903, largely to endow the new minster at Winchester, recites among the lands so bestowed manerium quod dicitur Anna, xv. hidas cassatos habens et (scclesiam. Also Myceldefer the fundum, with its hundred and belongings, including one hundred hides of land, cassatos, and a church, both Strattons with nine hides, Burcote with four hides and a half, Popham eight hides and the demesne, Wodemanecote ten hides, Candefer ten hides and the church, Cramborne eight hides and a chapel, Draitone, by Nunnetone, with four hides, Swerwetone with three hides, a yardland and a half, Northametone with six hides, Norton, by Selborne, with three hides, the manor of Colengaburnam fifty hides, belongings and a church, the manor of Ceoseldene forty hides (cassatos) and a church. We find notice of Anlaf being, in 943, confirmed by Bishop Alphege, at Andover, a royal vill (regiam villam Andeafaran, ubi rex manebaf). At Andover, or rather near it, rex juxta Andeuram prope Wyngtoniam equitaret, was the scene of the tertia nequitia recorded among the faults of Edgar, the extolled of the monks. Near Andover (probably in Sarson fields) there was a fight between Canute and Edmund Ironside. We have already noticed the confirmation by Ethelred to Bishop iElfheah of certain hides of land at Chilcomb and elsewhere. Among them were — To Hyssebur- nan, and to Hwitcyrcan hunendlyftig hida. To Uferantune xl. hida. To Cleran x. To Wudatuna xx. To Aclea x. To twam Polhcematunan x. To Myceldefer x. To Endefer x. yEt Abbodestun x. To Crundelan l. The Andover lands were not destined to remain quietly in the possession of their monkish holders. The Conqueror became lord of England, and before long his per emptory dealings with the Winchester minsters had robbed them of a great part of their estates. From the older foundation he took the manors of East and West Meon and Wargrave. From the newer he took Aburthoun with four hides and a half, Popham with two and a half, Cranburn with eight and a half, Drayton, by Newton, with four, Swarraton with three hides and one yardland and a half, West Stratton with five hides (all of them the gift of Edward the elder), Lygeput with two hides, Bekendevere with ten (the gift of Edmund). From the new minster he took Andover with five, Wherwell with thirty hides (the gift of Edred), Sotewell with (1) Were it not that in a work of merit lately published I find stated, not only without, but absolutely against, positive evidence, that Ando on certain British coins indicates Andover as their minting place, and that Andover means a town over the (supposed and wholly supposi titious) Anton, I should hardly again trouble my renders by reminding them that the Anton exists only in the imaginations of a seventeenth century guesser, and of those who have accepted his guesses as if they were proved truths. ANDOVER. 163 ten hides and the church (the gift of Edwyn), Lammere with three hides and the church, Meton (Isle of Wight) with two, Badingborn with four, Velokedone with three, Estede with one, Frederingtone, in Portsea, with four, Suthingwerthe with two hides, one hide at Berntone, by Wherwell, another at Wrefordi, the meadow of Mune, by Kingsmill (the gift of Ethelred), Drayton, by Byketone, with five hides (the gift of Canute), Opwarnefcrde (the gift of Earl Brythwyn), Bedhampton with ten hides, church, and belongings (the gift of Earl Hugh de Port before the Conquest), Fideleswerthe with ten hides, and six other hides with their belongings (the gift of Robert, dapifer to Hugh de Port, before the Conquest) all were taken away. When we come to the description of 1084 we find the Anna country spreading The Anna over half the hundred to which the Anna river, or An-dever, gave its name. The io'84.iy "' part included in the hundred was divided into six holdings ; a seventh portion of the district, held by the Abbess of Wherwell, belonged to her hundred of Welford. It may be identified with the tithing of Little Ann,1 in Abbot's Ann parish and Wher well hundred. Of the six holdings, the chief was the royal vill of Andover, held by the king, as by his predecessors, in. demesne. To it there belonged two ploughlands, sixty-two villeins, thirty-six bordmen, three colberts, six slaves with twenty-four teams, six mills worth 72s. 6d., eighteen acres of meadow, and wood affording pannage for one hundred hogs. One portion of the Anna country was held by the Abbot of Hyde, a smaller part of it by Gozelin de Cormeilles, a portion smaller yet by the king, a lesser portion by Hugh de Port, and five hides belonging to Hugh de Port's manor by Ralph de Mortimer. Of those Anna manors more hereafter. The other manors of the hundred were — at Cerewartone, the holdings of Hugh other manors de Port, Gilbert de Breteville, William Fitz Baderon, and Robert Fitz Murdac, |lun1Qere^'"devir or Murdrac ; Chemontune, Clabford (three holdings, the king's land, three yardlands and the tithes belonging to the Abbey of Lire, and one yardland given by Earl Roger de Montgomery to Adelina, his lady fool, jester, or minstrel), Clavesfelle, Ferlei, Fifhide, Fulescote, Liteltone, Soresdene, Sotesdene, Todeorde (two holdings, one belonging to Robert Fitz Gerald, the other to huntsman Croc), Penitone (two holdings, one belonging to Grafton Abbey, the other to Turald), and Etham (two holdings, belonging to Sariz and Alsi Berchenistre). (1) The history of Little Ann belongs, until the middle Warwelle, Tochiton, Godorde, Middeltone, and Bolende. of the sixteenth century, to that of Wherwell Abbey. At In 1334 the hundred was entitled of Werewelle, and the dissolution of that house, it was granted to the Wests, contained the tithings of Werewelle, rated at 54*. 2d. ; In 1539 the site and circuit of Wherwell Abbey, with Clatford, 56*. Sd. ; Godeworthe and Anne, 26*. Qd. ; the lordships of Wherwell, Weston, Midletou, Totington, Midelton and Fortone, 27*. id. ; Estone, 51*. 6d.; Bolington, Good or Goodworth, Clatford, and Anne Bolyndone, 55*. Id. In modern times Wherwell hundred Parva, are specified among the lands -granted to Sir includes Tuckington or Tufton, Wherwell, Bnllington, Thomas West (who died October 9, 1554), his wife Eliza- Goodworth and Goodworth Clatford (both in Goodworth beth, and their heirs, in exchange for lands in Sussex Clatford parish), Little Anne, East Aston, West Aston, which he conveyed to the king. Forton, Middleton in Longparish. Their names show the The other manors of the Abbey hundred in 1084 were relative position of the Longparish tithings. Y2 164 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The hundred of We find, from time to time, occasional notices of the hundred of Andover in the next and following centuries. Thus, in 1158, the Sheriff of Hants gave by the king's order 10s. 8a?. to John Marshal, 17s. Ad. to the Abbot of Bee, and 6s. 8a?. to William Maledoct, making up, with £4 1 7s. Ad. paid into the king's treasury, the ten marks of silver forfeit to the king on account of two murders in Andievre hundred. Before 1334 the lordship of Andover had been removed from its hundred. Its rating, £19 19s. lid., was then nearly equal to that of Basingstoke lordship, £10 19s. lid., and Odiham lordship (comprising Odiham £A 2s. 8a7., Warnebourne 57s. 6a7., Greywelle 73s. 6a7.) both put together. The tithings of the hundred of Andevre Forinseca were rated at — Clatford 64s. lOJa7., Anne Abbatis £6 10s. 6|a?., Anne de Bek 42s. 6a7., Anne Sauage 24s., Anne de Port 39s. 6a7., Grateley, 52s. 10a7., Querle 35s. 10a7., Tudeworth 78s. 10a7., Cuneton and Bitleton 63s. 2£a?., Fyfhyde 34s. 10a7., Chelwarton 66s., Throkeleston 44s., Penyton Crafteyn 61s. 4a?., Penyton Meisy 28s. la7., Foxcote 37s. 2a?., and Enham 26s. The dues of the Hundred Court of Andevere belonged at that time to Richard Fitz Richard de Goldherd, who held also at Andeporte 184 acres, and 13s. Ad. in rents at Wellhop. In modern times Alderman's Row, Charlton, Enham King's, Hatherden, Priory and Winchester Street, belong to the In hundred of Andover, or Andover lordship. The tithings of the Out Andover hundred are very nearly those which made it up in 1334, substituting Appleshaw, Monxton, and Sarson (corrupted from Savage Ann?), for Anna de Beke and Anne Sauvage, distinguishing Enham as Enham Knight's, reading Kimpton for Cuneton and Bitleton, Cholderton for Chelwarton, and otherwise modernising the names of the tithings. Cholderton and Sarson are tithmgs of Amport, Weyhill includes Clanville Nutbeam and Penton Grafton. The deanery of The deanery of Andover was in 1290, as it still is, large. With other churches there belonged to it the rectory of Andover with its chapelry worth £73 6s. 8a7., the vicarage £6 13s. Ad., the rectory of Anna de Port, with chapelry and pension worth £26 13s. Ad., rectory of Anna de Becco £6 13s. Ad., rectory of Anna Abbatis £20, a pension charged on Abbot's Ann rectory, £1. The manor of Anna brought the Abbot of Hyde £15 8s. 8a7. ; the Prior of South- wick1 had possessions worth 10s. 2d. at Andover, and the Abbess of Wherwell lands at Anne taxed at £9 3s. Ad. In 1340, thirty-one parishes belonged to the deanery of Andover. They were those of Andevre, Wolhop inferior, Wolhop superior, Anne de Port, Throkelestone, Fifhide, Cumeton, Shipton, Todeworth, Querle, Gratele, Annedebeke, Anne Abbatis () By a charter of 1393, the grant in 1286 to the Crofton, Stehington juxta Portesey, Nova terra, Ando- Prior of Southwick, of a market and fair at Southwike, vere, Mundesmere, Asefeld, Dene et Colmere, was con- with free warren at West Borhunt, Basevill, Hipp°.ley, firmed. A further confirmation was granted him in 1443. Andover. ANDOVER. 165 Clatforde, Godeworth, Whitchurch, Hussebourne Prioris, Wherewell, Middelton, Ludeshulve, Wodecote, Crokesestone, Borghclere, Alta Clera, Wydehay, Hussebourne Regis, Faccombe cum Tangele, Coumbe, Enham, Penyton, and La Woe. There was a fearful thunderstorm in England on Christmas Eve, 1171. At strange appa- Andover a priest was struck dead during the celebration of the midnight mass. His fellows were unharmed, but saw what seemed to them a pig (!) running about their feet. It appears that the earliest charter of liberties bestowed upon the men of Andover The men of was granted by Henry II. By it they received license of holding a guild merchant, tete()_ with such privilege of quittance from toll, &c, as was enjoyed by members of the merchants' guild at Winchester (or Wilton?). In 1176 they paid the king ten marks for his concession to them of such liberties as were enjoyed by the Wilton (Winton ?) and Salisbury men in their guilds. At that time we find Guy, the dean, and his fellows, the king's assessors, rating the Sheriff of Hants at 16s. due from Andover, 41s. from Sunborne, £8 13s. Ad. from Winchester, and 5s. 6d. from Chilton. Eleven years later the sheriff returned £6 19s. as the gift of Mapeldereham, £6 2s. from Peteresfeld, £17 15s. 6a7. from Andeura, £32 13s. 4a?. from Hampton, and £93 lis. 7a?. from Winchester. The men of Andover, in 1200, obtained a charter by which they received their manor from the king at a fee farm rent. A further charter, dated at Wallingford, October 31, 1213, granted them their manor and hundred. By a charter dated at Reading, May 1, 1215, their merchants' guild was confirmed. On August 1, 1215, the king certified the Sheriff of Hants that he had given the Grants of the manor of Andover to his beloved son William, Earl of Salisbury, and on the following 10th of March ordered him to give seizin of Andover town to Falkes de Breaus on the earl's behalf. A like order, in confirmation of the grant, was made October 27, 1217. On August 16, 1215, the king pressed the bailiffs of Alton, Basingstoke, and Andover for payment of their last year's fee farm rent. The money was to be given by the sheriff o William de Briwer towards defrayment of the cost of the works at Winchester Castle. King John, it would seem, carefully kept up his preserves in the brills or forest Andover brills. of Andover. On May 23, 1214, the Sheriff of Hampshire was ordered to give to Geoffrey Clement a reasonable equivalent, taxed by a jury, for the land occupied by the king's preserves, terra sua quam vivarium domini regis de Andever occupavit. By another order, of next month's date, the sheriff was commanded to take to Andover his jury of twenty-four free and lawful men, and assign Clement his land out of the king's demesne. On June 24, 1226, the king granted, or rather regranted, to the men of Andover 166 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Timber cut in Andover Brill. Dues demanded from the Ando ver men. Andover sends bursesses to parliament. their town, to be held during the king's pleasure in fee farm, at the yearly rent of £100. Hugh de Nevill was ordered to give them such seizin of the town pasture as they had enjoyed before the time of the civil wars. The king's grant also gave back to John de Bosco, a free burgess of the town, his freehold, of which the Earl of Sarum had dispossessed him. The earl, before his death, repented of having turned John out, and ordered that he should be restored, but his order had been disregarded by Michael de Columbers, his successor in the lordship of the fee. We find, on May 11, 1216, Hugh de Nevill ordered to let William Briwer have timber from Andover Brill for the fortification of Winchester Castle. The brills were held by the Earl of Salisbury as appurtenant to the manor of Andover. After his death we find the sheriff, May 20, 1226, ordered to deliver them to be held in fee by Michael de Columbers. They had formerly been in his charge, as appears from the order given, January 24, 1222, that Michael was to let Mr. Henry de Cern have from Andover Forest as much timber as he needed for the works of Winchester Castle. The timber was to be viewed by " lawful men," who were to keep a tally, and give the foresters a counter-tally. The men of Andover could not, it seems, always pay the heavy tallages demanded from them. On May 3, 1227, the king remitted thirty of the fifty marks at which their tallage then due had been assessed. Meanwhile Henry IIL, having confirmed to the men of Andover their privileges, presently afterwards, on February 15, 1227-8, again granted them in fee farm, by name of the manor of Andover, their manor, town, and hundred, with the foreign hundred, at the yearly rent of £80, blank money, old rating, and £20, reckoned by tale, as added or new rent. In later days we find the men of Andover citing that charter in support of their assertion of right of ancient demesne, and on it founding a claim that their tenements should be held pleadable by petit brief de droit. In the tallages of 1246 we find Andover rated at one hundred marks, Basingstoke at forty, Alton at sixty, and Southampton at two hundred. A charter dated at Clarendon, July 6, 1256, gave the Andover men the privilege of returning writs. We find burgesses of Andover summoned and returned to parliament from 1295 to 1308. Andover was summoned to send burgesses to the second and third parliaments of Edward II., but to those writs of summons the bailiffs made no return.1 Possibly Andover returned burgesses to the parliament of 1359. (1) In like manner Winchester, Basingstoke, and the Isle of Wight boroughs returned no burgesses to those parliaments. Burgesses from Basingstoke (as from Andover) had been summoned to the parliaments held at Westminster, Lincoln, and Carlisle during the last dozen years of Edward I.'s reign. To the first summons Basingstoke returned John de la Cousand (Cusance or Cuffand ?), and John de la Burgh. John Pypwhyt and John de la Confeild (Cuffaud?) were returned to the third, and Thomas Gondithorp with Nicholas Sely to the fifth summons. No return was made by the bailiffs to the second summons (to the parliament of Liucolnl, the sixth (to the parliament of Carlisle), the fourth, seventh, and eighth (to the last but one Westminster parliament of Edward I., and the two first Westminster parliaments of Edward II.). Doubtless the borough thought the profit of representation not worth the cost. ANDOVER. 167 Of Andover the ninths in 1340 were by John le Knyght, John Asselyn, Sampson Andover in Blaunchard, John Goude, Henry de Shepton, William atte Heth, Nicholas le Latchere, and Thomas atte Watre, returned at £24. The endowment of the church consisted in one ploughland, fifteen acres of meadow and pasture worth £8 10s., pasture for thirteen oxen, and pannage for as many hogs in the king's woods, two cart-loads of firewood weekly from the said woods, and services worth yearly £14 13s. Q\d. The tithes of hay, &c, came to £25 8s. 3d. yearly. The charter of February 15, 1227-8, itself a confirmation of charters granted by Charters con- Henry II., Richard I., and John, was confirmed November 24, 1355. Thus the men of Andover were established in their liberties of guild merchant, with such freedom from toll, passage, and custom throughout the realm, and other privileges and immunities, as the Winchester citizens enjoyed in their merchant guild. Troubling them for custom was forbidden, under pain of £10 fine. At that time the fee farm rent paid by the burgesses of Andover for their town amounted to £106, £80 of old and £26 of new assessment. Soon afterwards the men of Andover were complained of as being £200 in arrears of their fee farm rent. In 1378 the arrears amounted to £1,136. The rent was still reckoned at the old Assessments rating of £84 in tale, representing the eighty white pounds of the original charter, and £20 de cremento villa of the new assessment. In 1396 the men of Andover received a charter, confirming to them, at a fee Further char- farm rent of £80 white money, and £20 increase, as fixed by the charter of ers' Henry III., the manor of Andover, with its foreign (or outlying) hundred, and other rights and liberties. In 1407 to the good men and commons of Andover was granted a patent for choosing their bailiffs, and other liberties. That grant, and another bestowed upon the men of the town of Andover in 1438, with others of earlier date, specially the charters of 1228 and 1256, were confirmed in 1447. Further charters in confirmation of liberties were granted by Edward IV. in 1466, and Henry VIII. in 1510. A charter in confirmation of gifts was granted in 1493. Leland notices the stone bridge at Andover, and the course of the " Andever Andover water." He speaks of its "hedde" as not being far from the town, of there being no notable bridge betwixt Andever and Stoke Bridge, three miles off, through which " Andever water passeth," but " it metith afore with Horwel streme." We now turn for a time from the civil history of the town to notice the The Priory and establishment in the meanwhile of its religious foundations, of which, in the names ChaDtl'>"- of the Priory (the site of an old house, formerly belonging to the Pollens, at which James II. slept on his retreat from Salisbury), Chantry Street, &c, the memories have up to recent times been locally preserved. The endowment of Andover Priory begins with William the Conqueror granting 168 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. First endow ment of the Priory. Foxcott Chapel. Quarrels with the provost. to the house of St. Florent at Saumur the church of St. Mary at Andover, with one hide and thirteen acres of land, rents, &c. The gift included the tithes of the demesne within the parish, hoc est de annona, de porcellis, de equis, de caseis, et depro- prio pannagio, unum porcum infestum S. Martini, free range in the king's woods for ten hogs, wood for fences, for making the monks' sandals, fuel for their bake and brew houses, pasturage with the king's own beasts for a dozen oxen and horses, and all their fold sheep. Other belongings 1 of the church went with that gift. To that charter were witnesses Wihenoc (Winnock ?) the monk, Henry de Port, Giraldus the provost, William de Virguel, William de Enham, Wulfrun de Clatford, Hugh de Cormayle, &c. Edward de Foxcote, in the presence of the sheriff Henry, and the huntsman Croc, and others, gave the monks his chapel of Foscote in appendage to the church of St. Mary at Andover. With it he gave in frankalmoign, to be held by service of praying for himself, his family and kinsfolk, the tithe of his demesne, and 8a7. tithe of land held in villenage at Foscote.2 The prior, as Rector of Andover, was to find a priest to serve at Foscote Chapel during Lent and Advent, Christmastide including the Epiphany Day, the octaves of Easter and Whitsuntide, in quatuor temporibus et in nominatis festis, and three days in every other week. Wihenoc and others received the gift on the part of St. Florent, as witnessed by Goscelin, Edward's maternal (?) uncle, Godfrey de Andeli or Daundeli, Hugh de Braibeuf, Hugh de Cormeilles, William, dapifer to the Abbess of Wherwell, and his brother Robert, Aluric the provost, Alwin the priest, and others. William Fitz Waleran, as superior lord, gave his consent to the arrangement between Edward de Foscote and the priory. There was very soon a quarrel between Aluric, the Provost of Andover, and the monks, about certain injuries which they alleged he did them in their house by the church and elsewhere. In consequence of the complaint presented by Wihenoc, one of the St. Florent brethren, on their behalf, the king ordered the sheriff, and Gerald, Provost of Winchester, to inquire into the matter at a hundred court. The decision, given on the day of St. Lucia, at the house of Edwin, a former Provost of Andover, with the concurrence of Henry de Port, Hugh de Cormeilles, William de Enham, (1) Namely, of Bernard's land half an acre, annona in Augusto, Saiwi, Wlwin, Osmund, Toni, Eldrin Hunston, id. ; Ringin, Toni, Hugh, Sorebert, Wlwin, sou of Cana, Aluni Alvi, 2d. ; Quinstin, of his own land, id. ; and as much for the laud which had been Sanuf's. For the sheriff's land held by Unn and Elwin Bidel Sagerd, for laud at Etna, each id. ; the land which William and Saols held at Etna, each half an acre of corn, annona, at Clatford, 8a!. ; land held by Tetbald and Gislebert Piper of Etna, each one acre, annona. At Cerleton each yard of land paid five sheaves at Michael mas, of Edward de Hadredene's men, %d. ; and half as much from Saric for his land at Hadredena. Etvvin, Ulvin, son of Punt, another (?) Etwin, Goldstan, Uluin, the carpenter, Leonin, &c, each paid id. ; Tedric, 2d. (2) I find in another copy (Harl. MS. 532) of the manuscript from which I quote, the limitation of 8d. omitted, and the grant running as totam decimam snam de dominico suo de Foscola et de villanis. ANDOVER. 169 and others, ran that the monks were entitled to all the holdings they claimed, and, except as to punishment of felony, to jurisdiction over persons coming voluntarily within their lands. All which is stated in the charter given and sealed at Stornella (?), in the New Forest, as recited in the charter of March 11, 1400. The king's letters of July ], 1315, recite the Conqueror's gift, and the composition touching Foscote Chapel. In 1234 we find a grant made to the Prior of Andover of two cartloads of dry Further grants and dead wood and thorns from Andover Wood. To the aid levied 1242, when the king passed into Gascony, the priors of Andover and Carisbrook each contributed 40s., for which Geoffrey de l'Isle accounted to the king. We find, in 1294, the Prior of Andover holding the tithes and a manor at Andover. We find, in 1314, the king confirming to the Prior of Andover all the lands and liberties which his house had received from its founder, William the Conqueror, or had acquired from later benefactors. In that patent was recited and confirmed the charter by which William gave to St. Florent the church of Andover, with one hide, thirteen acres of land, and the tithes of Andover demesne. In 1368 one Peter de Brugge de Andovere endowed two chaplains with eight Chantry . a 7 jo j i endowment. acres at Andever e and Savageston.* A notice of 1374 tells us that Edward III. had in the time of the wars seized and appraised by the Sheriff of Hants all the goods and chattels of Andover Priory. In the time of the French wars the priory possessions were seized. They were restored March 11, 1399-1400. In 1400 the Prior of Andover received another confirmation of liberties. In 1414, by a deed confirmed afterwards by Edward IV., the priory of Andover Dissolution of was dissolved, and its possessions granted to Winchester College. We have already °ry' noticed the grant by Bishop Bekington to the warden and scholars of St. Mary, Winchester, of a messuage, toft, and other lands at Andover, with half Aldington or Alyngton manor, and the manor of Farnhull. Thenceforward the history of the priory lands belongs to the records of Winchester College. Another religious foundation at Andover was the hospital of St. John Baptist and St Mary Magdalen, noticed in the thirteenth century as founded by the Conqueror. In 1247 a royal charter was granted for the Hospital of St. John at Andover. Andover License was in 1251 given to the master, brethren, and sisters of the hospital to osma- take in a certain open place lying opposite their house, and build a chapel upon it. (1) Savageston stands doubtless for Savage Ann, or find Abbot's Anne often written as Abbotson, and con- Saveton, as in later times it was corrupted into. We fusion of it with Abbotstone has thence arisen. VOL. III. Z 170 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Patronage of the wardenship. Landholders at Andover. St. Philbert. Edmund of Woodstock. The Mortimers. Edward III. in 1340 gave the wardenship of the hospital to his clerk, John de Derby. The seal of the hospital represented a St. John Baptist holding an Agnus Dei in his hand. We now notice the names of some persons of note more or less connected with Andover during the thirteenth and following centuries. Amongst them we find Nicholas Durdent holding land at HetJierdene, with two parts of a cotsetle, in the hundred of Andover, and lands at Clanefield, Penyton, and Whitchurch. A case tried 1267, in which the plaintiff was a landholder at Andover, is worthy of record on account of the men concerned in it bearing names of note in our county. The action was brought against Roger de Mortimer, Hugh de Sutton, and others, who had disseized William de St. Philbert of a freehold (one messuage and two ploughlands) at Clatford and Andover (Aundour). It appeared that the said William had killed a man in Kent, escaped, and was thereupon outlawed ; that his holding escheated to the lord in chief, Roger de Mortimer, who fined for it with the king. Hugh de Sutton appeared for the defendants, and obtained a verdict in their favour. In 1319 the king granted to his brother, Edmund of Woodstock, the manors, towns, and hundreds of Alton, with certain rents worth £88 15s. 6a7. ; Andover, which, with the increase of the fee farm rent, brought in £104 Is. 0a?. ; Basingstoke, worth, with the rent of a holding once belonging to Walter de Merton, £80 15s. Again, in 1330, among the possessions of the said Edmund, Earl of Kent (beheaded 1329), and his wife Margaret, were reckoned the manor and hundred of Alton, the manor of Bedhampton, and the towns of Andover and Basingstoke. In 1415, Joan, wife to Sir Thomas Skelton, was found seized of the manor and advowson of Faccombe, two ploughlands, six messuages, and two mills at Andover, and the manors of Chalwerton and Enham. To Anna, widow of Edmund, Earl of March (she died 1422), belonged rents settled on the manors, hundreds, and towns of Andover and Basingstoke. Amongst the Mortimer holdings of which Edmund, Earl of March, in 1424 died seized, was ^104, the fee farm rent of the manor, town, and hundred of Andover. Amongst his other holdings were the fourth part of a fee at Anne Savage by John' de Anne, part of the like fee from Basingstoke manor, town, and hundred, the manor of Worthy Mortimer, a fee at Candever, half a fee at Otterborne, as much at Stanbridge, half a fee at Clifford, by Richard Syward, and a fee at Lasham, by John Dabernoune. Next year part of the fee farm of Andover manor and hundred, with appendant fees, and part of that of Basingstoke town and hundred, was entered as belonging to Joan, widow to Sir John Grey. Joan, successively second wife to Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, and wife to William Lord Willoughby, Henry Lord le Scrope (attainted), and Sir Henry de Brounflete, Lord Vesey, and daughter to Sir Thomas Holland, who married the fair maid of Kent, daughter to Edmund of Woodstock, held the ANDOVER. 171 manor and hundred of Alton, the manor and advowson of Bedhampton, and part of the fee farm rent of Andover. The inquisition of 1434 returned as her holdings the revenues of Bedhampton manor, the manor, hundred, and town of Alton, with rents issuing out of Andover manor, town, and hundred. We nexfr find the Sandes family (John Sandes was Sheriff of Hants in 1382, The Randes and again with Thomas Warner1 in 1394 — he bore argent, a cross gules; Sir Walter Andover. Sandes was sheriff in 1410 and 1424 ; Sir William in 1498 and 1510) holding lands at Andover. Sir William Sandes and his wife Margaret were in 1434 found seized of a good part of the possessions which we shall presently see had belonged to the Fyfhide family. They held the manors of Andevere, Ayleffes, Langestoke, Chelwarton, Elsefeld, the advowsons of Faccombe and Elsefeld, the revenues of Up Clatford and Knight's Enham manors ; at Faccombe seven messuages, one dovecot, one hundred and forty acres of land, pasture for six oxen and two hundred sheep, one hundred acres of wood, and 43s. Id. in rents ; at Ocle, under the manor of Basing, one messuage, fifty acres of land, and eight of wood ; at Osulbury three messuages, sixty acres of land, one hundred of pasture, and forty of wood at Babrygge ; at Appulshawe four messuages, twenty acres arable, five of pasture and of meadow, and 5s. in rents ; at Redenham three messuages, eighteen acres arable, four pasture, two of meadow, 7s. in rents ; at Fyfhide two messuages, twenty-two acres arable, three of pasture, and at Snodyngton three messuages, forty acres of land, eight of pasture, and 13s. in rents. Seven years afterwards the same possessions are returned as the holdings of Thomas Sandes, adding to them the manors of Faccombe,- Basyng, North Assheley, Preston in Candeversdene, rents from Langstoke mill ; at Clatford six messuages, three hundred acres arable, thirty-four of meadow, one hundred of pasture, sixty of wood, one water-mill, one fulling-mill, and 20s. in rents ; at Andover sixty messuages, three hundred acres arable, forty of meadow, four of wood, and 100s. in rents ; at Ayliffe's one messuage, one hundred acres arable, two hundred pasture, twenty of meadow, a water-mill, and lid. in rent, and land at Knight's Enham. At Redenham, Thomas Sandes held four acres of meadow and 8s. in rents ; at Fyfield thirty-two acres arable, two of meadow, and 12s. in rents ; and at Snodyngton 15s. in rents. He also held Cateryngton manor, and at Spyneyes by Cholwarton, one messuage and a ploughland. His widow, who died 1445, held also Langstoke, under the Duchy of Lancaster, Andover, Ayliffe's, Enham Regis, under the men of Andover, as belonging to their manor in ancient demesne, four messuages, sixty acres arable, one hundred of pasture, eight of meadow, and twenty of wood at King's Enham. By will dated October 17, 1493, and proved April 8, 1497, Sir William Sandys, the elder, charged his debts on his personal property at Andover and the Vyne, all (1) Thomas Warner was father to Agnes, wife to and Agnes, proving himself of Ml age in 1426. Warner Walter Sandes. We find Thomas Sandes, son to Walter is still a Hampshire name. Z 2 172 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. which he left to his son William and Margaret his wife. His son Richard was to have lands, for the purchase of which Sir William provided. Sir John Typtot died 1442 seized of the third part of a fourth part of the fee farm of Andover rents at Basingstoke amounting to £11 17s. 71a7., half the revenues of Alton manor, the manors of Brokeley in the New Forest, Over and Nether Wallops, and Broughton, and part of a pasture at Nether Wallop, called Le Rownehull. In 1443 John, Duke of Somerset, died seized of Bedhampton manor and rents issuing out of Andover and Basingstoke. In 1457 Sir Henry Gray died seized of £30 12s. in rents issuing out of the manor, vill, and hundred of Andover. So, again, in 1466, Sir Richard Gray de Powis was returned as holding rents at Andover and half the manor of Alton. In 1484 Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland, died seized of the fourth part of the farm of Basingstoke and Andover. Sir Thomas Lovell, K.G., by will of Dec. 10, 1522, left to Lord Roos his lands in Andover, Basingstoke, Nether and Over Wallop, Broughton, and Buckland. Sir Robert Wallop, Sheriff of Hants, 1486, 1492, 1500, and 1513, the poll tax collector appointed by the subsidy statute of 1535, left by his will of August 22, 1529, proved June 16, 1535, to his nephew Oliver Wallop, his lands and tenements in Andover. He directed that his body should be buried in the chancel of Farley church, next to his father's tomb. By deed of April 7, 1519, he had given his manor of Cliddesden to certain charities for twenty years. The residue he left to his wife Rose, executrix of. his will. Andover IQ 1535 the vicarage of Andover, held by John Rede' — the rectory belonged to Winchester College — was worth £20 in oblations and tithes, with pensions and procurations charged on it to the amount of 55s. 8d. The chantry of Andover, held by Robert Deane, was, in farm of lands and tenements, worth £12. Andover The other parishes of the deanery were those already enumerated as belonging to deanery. ^ ^ 134(^ substituting Lynkynnolde,2 (John Carewe rector, value £7 6s. 8a7.) for Anne de Beke or Tangley. Within the deanery were reckoned Wherwell Abbey (Anna Colt, abbess), worth £403 12s. 10a7. gross, and £339 8s. Id. net yearly value ; the rectory or prebend of Wherwell (Mr. Richard Pikehurst), worth £46 15s. Id., but charged with procu rations, alms, and a pension, amounting to 44s. Id. ; the rectory or prebend of Husburne Tarrant (Richard Arche), worth £42, subject to a charge of lis. Id. for procurations and synodals ; the rectory or prebend of Myddleton (Dr. Fawne), worth £21, less 50s. 8a7. for procurations, pension, and alms; the rectories of (1) Sir Richard Rede was then lord of Tangley ment to lease him some land in Amport parish, lately manor. There were Reades in the neighbourhood in the recovered at law by John Reade. time of Elizabeth. Richard Parrocke brought an action (2) In 1290 the Abbot of Gloucester's holdings at Lit- against Arthur Swanne and Thomas Neale upon an agree- (leton and Lyngeholte were reckoned together at £15. vicarage in 1535. ANDOVER. 173 Whitchurch and Husborn Prior, appropriated to St. Cross Hospital; Amport, appropriated to Chichester Cathedral; Combe,1 appropriated to the college of Windsor ; Goodworth, to Wherwell Monastery ; Nether Wallop, to the vicars-choral of York Minster ; Shipton, to the abbey de Newark in com! South', Winton1 dioc1 ; twenty unappropriated rectories, and eleven vicarages (vol. ii. p. 228). The Magdalen College, Oxford, lands at Andover were in 1535 reckoned to be sixteenth cen- worth £18 17s. Ad. clear yearly value. The farm of the manor of King-'s Enham, \mJ, land; ° ' holders at with its demesne land, was worth £10 15s. ; and other lands at Enham, Andover, and Andover. Charleton were farmed out at £13 12s. Ad. On that income the charges were £4 yearly, paid to the king's bailiff of Andover; customary rents amounting to 20s. due to Sir John Lisle for lands at Enham, and a like payment of 6s. to Lord de Sandes ; suit of court dues to the bailiff of Andover 12a7., and to the Lord de Sandes 8a7. Tithing silver paid to Clatford hundred 16a7., and the dues of the king's tithing-man of King's Enham 12a7., made up the charges on their Andover property. In the time of Elizabeth, Thomas Lessey, and his wife Margaret, proceeded against Thomas Abbott and others for a messuage in Andover held by Thomas Abbott, deceased, for a term of years, and assigned by him in trust. In the course of the same reign Mary Pope, widow and administratrix to Sir Richard Pope, proceeded against Walter Wright and James Hinxman in the matter of certain leases which he held at Andover of a shop and house from Winchester College, and of a garden from William Blake. We now resume the history of Andover in the sixteenth century. The Tudors Andover bur- had brought in the policy of strengthening the royal prerogative by summoning to sesses sum- the House of Commons burgesses from towns specially subject to their own parliament. influence. Edward VI. had, with that end in view, created eight new Cornish boroughs. Mary had added one, and Elizabeth five, to the number. She also restored the Cornish borough of Tregony, which had sent no burgesses to parliament since the time of Edward I. In like manner the Tudors dealt with Hampshire. Edward VI. had restored Petersfield. Elizabeth created the boroughs of Stock- bridge, Newton, Christchurch, Lymington, and Whitchurch, and restored those of Yarmouth, Newport, and Andover. Andover, as we have seen, had sent burgesses to the parliaments of Edward I., and the first parliament of Edward II. Thenceforward, with one doubtful exception,. the borough was not represented among the Commons until the year 1586, when it again received a summons to send burgesses to the parliament which met in October at Westminster, and obeyed by returning James (or Francis ?) Halley and Edwin Sandes, Esquires. A curious letter is extant, of date October 13, 1584, in which Lord Leicester, (1) In 1290 the holdings of the Prior of Okeburn, at lands, &c, bringing in £15 by the year. From Anna Coombe, were valued at £20. He held at 'Quereleye he received a revenue of £10 3*. id. ' 174 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. high steward of Andover, asks the bailiffs and men of the new borough to let him nominate one of their burgesses, or both, should they, to avoid the cost of paying the second burgess his parliament fees, determine to choose as their representative some person not resident in their town. It is worth notice how very soon the borough tried to rid itself of the 4s. a day burden which Elizabeth's summons had imposed on it, by electing to parliament, instead of a true burgess, some neighbouring gentleman who would be wilhng to serve without pay. Election dis- There were often election disputes at Andover turning upon the question in whom ^ * the right of election lay. Thus in 1641 Sir William Waller complained that his opponent Vernon was improperly returned to parliament. Nine voted for Vernon, nine for Waller. One burgess elect, who had not been sworn into the corporation, offered a vote for Waller. Two other burgesses elect, who had not taken the oaths, were on Waller's side, but did not offer their votes. The bailiff gave a casting vote for Vernon. All which being proved, Vernon was turned out, and Waller put in. In 1689 the commons of Andover asserted their claim to elect the parliament burgesses ; but through some mismanagement their right was not proved, and the corporation still maintained its exclusive privilege. Next year the way in which the members of the corporation exercised their assumed right got them into trouble. The bailiff and others were ordered into custody for selling the election, and their choice, Mr. Shepherd, was expelled the House. In 1701 another unsuccessful attempt, in form of a petition from Sir John Cope, was made to establish for the commons their right of election. Andover bur- Among the burgesses who have sat for Andover in parliament may be mentioned Henry Reade, who sat in the parliament of 1588; Miles Sandys, 1592; Henry Ludlow and Richard Hyde, 1601. Richard Venables sat in parliament for Andover in 1614 and 1620. John Sutor or Shuter, Esq., sat for Andover in the parliaments of 1620 with Richard Venables, gentleman, in 1623 with Robert Wallop, Esq. Sir Henry Wallop and Henry Shuter, Esq., and afterwards Lord Pawlet and John Shuter, Esq., were the parliament men of Andover in 1625. In 1640 Robert Wallop and Sir William Waller, and in the Restoration parliament, January 4, 1658, Gabriel Beck and Robert Gough, of Vernham's Dean, sat for Andover. After the Restoration John Collins, steward of Andover, was returned three times to parliament. Sir Kingsmill Lucy, in 1673 ; Francis Shepherd, Esq., in 1700, and the four succeeding parliaments; William Guidott, Esq., returned October 5, 1710, and afterwards; John Griffin, 1749 and afterwards; Benjamin Letheuiller, 1768 and afterwards; the mad Sir Francis Blake Delaval, whose wild pranks are still talked about in the borough which he was good enough to represent — are amongst the Andover burgesses of later note. ANDOVER. 175 In 1599 Queen Elizabeth incorporated the bailiff, good or approved men, and Incorporation burgesses of Andover. Thereafter the corporation consisted of a bailiff, steward, two justices (corresponding to aldermen), nine other "good men," twelve chief burgesses, with their recorder, town clerk, and under officers. The twelve chief burgesses were to be chosen from the inhabitants of the town. Ten approved men (including the justices) chosen from the burgesses and inhabitants, with the bailiff and steward, made up the common council of the town. Queen Elizabeth's charter recited, confirmed, and granted all rights which previously the men of Andover had enjoyed by prescription or otherwise. Besides the ordinary manorial courts, Andover had by that grant a Monday court of record for the recovery of debts, &c, under £A0. The bailiffs of Andover were chosen by the tenants of the manor at the manorial court held yearly the Sunday before Michaelmas. Charles II. gave the town another charter, but, like so many others of his granting, it was never acted upon. King James I. was at Andover July 23, 1623. Andover has been a stage in many a royal progress, and not unseldom in a Progresses progress of more mournful kind. Through Andover in 1618 passed Sir Lewis Andover. Stukley, Vice-admiral of Devon, charged with the duty of carrying Sir Walter Raleigh to London. From Salisbury " Raleigh went on his journey to Andover, and so to Hertford Bridge, and from thence to Staines." In 1620 one Bernard Calvert of Andover did the feat of going to France, and An Andover returning to London, within one long day. He left St. George's, Southwark, at worthy- three in the morning, rode to Dover, thence by barge crossed to Calais, recrossed to Dover, and rode back to Southwark, there arriving at eight o'clock in the evening. Calvert's feat, however, is scarcely to be compared with the achievement on which Wolsey based his advancement, when, receiving the king's commands at Richmond, he hurried to the coast, crossed the Channel, journeyed to the town where the emperor was staying, had an audience, settled satisfactorily the business in hand, hastened back to the coast, recrossed the Channel, and at Richmond attended the king with a report of his success two days after he had been commissioned on the embassy. In the seventeenth century the modern and misleading spelling of Andover,1 Andever for instead of Andever, began to be customary. In a series of deeds which I possess, Aadever- relating to property at Andover, one of February 21, 1632, conveys a house in Andever from Richard Murrell, a London citizen, to John Noyes, clothworker. Another, of September 13, 1650, conveys to John Warner the Plough at Andever. The Plough is again demised in a deed of March 30, " in the year of our Lord, (1) Sometimes, however, we find the later spelling in £5,819 14*., received by them from Mr. William de early use. Thus in 1284 John de Aundovere, clerk, Luda for the works of Conway Castle. But, as a rule, and Mr. James de St. George, are returned as owing the truer spelling prevailed until recent times. 176 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. according to the computation of the Churche of England, one thousand six hundred fifty and seven," between John Gardner and Robert Jeffreys of Chidden, and John Barbor, of Cruxton, yeomen, with Joan, Elizabeth, and Judith, their wives ; and William Warwick the elder, of Andever, gentleman. But a deed of October 7, 1656, in conveyance of lands and houses some time occupied by William Thornburge, Esq., and John Shuter, Esq., is between Robert Waight, of Barton Stacy, gentleman, and John Thornburge, of Andover, gentleman. So, again, a mortgage deed of July 21, 1671, conveys from Mary Thurnam, and William Thurnam, gentleman, to John Elly, besides lands in the tithing of Bourne, within the parish and manor of Hurstbourne Priors, the White Horse or Dolings at Andover, formerly occupied by Bernard Calvert, gentleman, and afterwards by John Shuter, Esq. Another mode of spelling is adopted in deeds of September 25, 1673, which convey to Mr. Blake the lands in Bourne, &c, all except the house- in Andoure, and reconvey to Mary, the widow of Charles Thurnam, the White Horse, near the free school at Andovre. The next two deeds are one of mortgage of November 8, 1689, from William Thornburgh, Esq., to Mr. Richard Bradburn, who held the lands of Mary Thurnam ; and another, of June 20, 1702, by which Madam Alicia Wallop, widow to John Wallop, of Farley Wallop, Esq., assigns an acre near the bridge at Andover to John Poor, in trust for John Moring, both of Abbot's Ann — that deed recites the indenture of December 14, 1683, by which William Thornburgh sold to John Wallop certain lands at Andover.1 The Thorn- The Thornburghs of the deeds just cited were not of the first rank of Hampshire boroughs. gentry. In 1585 Thomas Thornborough was one of the forty- three justices of the county, but was not amongst the thirty-three of the quorum. William Wrighte, Esq., was that year sheriff. John Thornborow, Esq., was one of the commissioners for (1) As they are of some little local interest, I shortly against the free-school," a house occupied by Bernard state that the more important later deeds of the series Calvert, gentleman, John Shuter, Esq., Mary Thurnam, are — (1) September 1, 1723, assignment of mortgage at widow, and her nephew William Thornborough, Esq. Andover, Richard Bradburne and Thomas Robinson, (5.) May 2, 1739, sale by Tarrant of his moiety to gentlemen, and Thomas Andrews, cordwainer. (2.) No- Tirrell. Thomas Hooper and Nathaniel Bird had pre- vember 1, 1723, the assignment by Thomas Andrews of tended a claim to the property, which Lord Hardwicke set the mortgage to Cornelius Tirrell, gentleman, the attorney aside. (6.) March 6, 1753, lease from Hon. William who drew the deed. (3.) Will of Thomas Robinson made Pawlett, of Easton (in the lease of 1731 designated of September 16, 1729, proved at Winchester, April 14, Chilbolton), to William Miller. (7.) December 4, 1781, 1734 ; trustees and overseers being Cornelius Tirrell, conveyance from Elizabeth Hillman, to Henry Norton gentleman, and Richard Waight, innholder, both of Willis, Esq., of the White Horse. (8.) Conveyance of Andover; legacies to each, Paul Priaulx, father and son, the same to Jane Bird. William Tyrrell, gentleman, son George Holly, Esq., and to the eldest daughter 1* if she and heir to Cornelius, had left the White Horse to Hen- asks for it ; the house by the free-school left to Jane his rietta, wife of Richard Willis, of Andover, gentleman. wife, mother' to Alexander Andrews. (Jane afterwards (9.) September 3, 1781, Jane Bird left it and other left it to Alexander, and he sold it to Cornelius Tirrell.) property to Elizabeth Frome and Ann Cremer. Corne- (4.) May 10, 1736, conveyance by Alexander Andrews, lius Tirrell had rebuilt the house. (10.) A Winchester gentleman, to Cornelius Tirrell and John Tarrant, of college lease to Henry Norton Willis, grandson to Richard Fordingbridge, gentleman, of the White Horse, " over Willis, the antiquary. ANDOVER. 177 musters,1 and for disarming recusants.2 In the musters' commission his name stands last, and last but one in the disarming commission. John Thornburgh, of Shetesden, or, as otherwise entered, " Spaddesden, Hants," Esq., was, by Margaret, daughter to Sir John Kingsmill, father to many children, amongst them Sir John, Edward, Henry, Francis, and Katharine (who died September 26, 1650), wife to Alexander Dyer, who died March 7, 1633. Alexander was son to Thomas Dyer of Street, in Somerset, gentleman. John Thornburghe, Esq., was Sheriff of Hants in 1578. In 1785 the common lands of Andover were enclosed. The Andover charities are many. Of them the grammar school comes first. It Andover was founded in 1569, by John Hanson, a native of the town. With £200 he pur- f^™" chased from William Blake and others a perpetual pension for the maintenance of a free school. Richard Blake 3 gave the site and the corporation built the school-house. Richard Kemis, gent, (commemorated in Andover church by the monument of himself, his wife, and six children, all kneeling in due order), gave by will of Sept. 25, 1611, £400 to be laid out in land of which the yearly profits, reckoned at £20, were to be divided into four equal parts. With £5 a lectureship at Andover was endowed,4 £5 was appropriated to the free school, £5 went to provide a weekly, and £5 a Good Friday, dole of bread. He further left £50 for the maintenance of the church " ornaments," £100 for paving Andover town, £40 for the Andover poor, £10 for the Winchester poor, and £5 for the poor of Houghton, Stockbridge, Long- stock, and Up Clatford. He died October 6, 1611. Of his will Nicholas Blake and others were executors; Lough Marshall Clarke, the Vicar of Andover, Richard Venables, and others, being overseers. His gift was, by Richard Monday, Thomas Noyers, Peter Blake, and Richard (1) His fellow commissioners being William M. Win- was readmitted, September 4, 1649. Gilbert Coles, M. A., chester, Ambrose E. Warwick, Robert E. Leicester, afterwards D.D., was expelled and re-elected. The ex- William Lord Sandes, Henry E. Sussex, Thomas West, pulsion was voted of James Tichbourn, in arms and son to Lord de la Warre, Sir William Kingsmill, Sir scandalous. Nicholas Stanley, son to Edward Stanley, Richard Norton, Walter Sandes, Henry Oughtred, and Master of Winchester College, and Prebendary of the James Paget, Esquires. cathedral, was voted out of his preferment. He went to (2) With him in commission were Thomas West, Sir Leyden, and practised physic. In 1660 he was incor- William Kingsmill, Sir Richard Norton, Richard Kings- porated M.D., at Oxford. Of Richard Osgood and / mill, Queen's attorney, James Pagett, Thomas Dabridg- Robert Wither, non-submitters, the expulsion was voted. court, William Jephson, and Francis Cotton. Others sentenced to expulsion were Rivers, in arms, scan- (3) The Blakes of Andover were related to the dalous, and absent ; Blincow, in arms, dangerous, and " bold Admiral Blake," of Devonshire. Alderman Blake, absent ; Crake, scandalous ; Love, dangerous, absent, and of St. Lawrence, Winchester, who died 1727, bore the a married man ; Knollys, Lydiat, Warriner, and others. same arms as the Admiral, with a crescent in the chev- The Edward Stanley just mentioned was Prebendary of ron for difference. Nicholas Blake, Mayor of Plymouth Chichestergand Vicar of Mottisfont. He preached the in 1726, was cousin to Robert Blake, of Linkenholt. first sermon in the cathedral after the return of the Dean One Nicholas Blake was Mayor of Portsmouth. Am- and Chapter, Angtist 19, 1660. In 1662 he died. brose Blake, Ralph Beynham, John Dummer, Henry (4) At Andover the Long Parliament nominated one Compin, were. turned out of their New College fellowships Simmons as lecturer, and summoned before them Mr. by the Long Parliament., Among Blake's other companions Clerk, the vicar, for not admitting him to lecture. The in that expulsion were— Gilbert Withers, who, however, vicar was afterwards imprisoned, and his living sequestered. VOL. III. A A 178 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Venables, as trustees, expended in the purchase from Lord and Lady Winchester of Andover town mill, and Benger's mead ; Borden Gates (between the river and the lands belonging to Magdalen College and Lord Sandys), and land at Wolver's Dean and Beare Hill, from Richard Morrell. In the trust of Borden Gates, Nicholas Venables succeeded his father, Richard. A third school charity was founded by James Samborne's will of Nov. 2, 1725, under the provisions of which his trustees, William Guidott, Julius Samborne, and Thomas Clement, established a charity school at Hatherden.1 A legacy by will of Richard Sambourne, nephew of the former, in augmentation of the charity, was void under the mortmain statutes. Under the will of David Dewar, proved and executed in 1796, by Thomas Maitland, Brownlow Matthews, and Thomas Bettesworth, establishing a school and other charities at Enham, the Andover hamlets of King's Enham, Little London, and Woodhouse have a benefit. Andover, with Ludgershall and the London parish of St Dunstan's in the West, shared, under the will of Peter Blake, dated July 22, 1624, in the charity charged upon the inheritance of Arthur, Robert, Francis, William, and Richard, sons of Peter's nephew, Thomas Blake. Pollen's alms- John Pollen, born in 1686, built an almshouse on a piece of the rectory land, and December, 1702, endowed it with Seymore's or Sottwell's farm ; Benjamin Culme being then vicar, and Edward Warham bailiff, of Andover. By deed of Sept. 29, 1716, he gave to Winchester College the Middle Parsonage Garden for 5,000 years, at a peppercorn rent, in exchange for the site of the almshouse and school-house. The Pollen school endowment was charged on Marsh Court Farm in King's Sombourne parish. other charities. The bread gift founded by will of Richard Venables,2 dated July 20, 1598 (the overseers of his will were Nicholas Farrar, John Slaney, and Stephen Woodford, citizens of London), the gifts of Thomas Cornelius, by will of 1610, Richard Blake, and Joan his wife, George Pemerton, Thomas Westcombe (on Feb. 14, 1622, he con veyed to Robert West, bailiff, Peter Noyes,3 and others, a piece of land for a bread charity), Richard Widmore, Rector of Lasham, Christian and Joseph Hinxman (mother and son) need not be further noticed. Other charity estates at Andover, administered formerly by the chamberlain of (1) Wildhern is wholly and Hatherden partly in October 11, 1612. She was daughter to Richard Brook, Andover parish. of Whitchurch. (2) Richard Venables, Esq., as appears from the monu- John Venables, of Ropley, the elder son, married ment to his and his father's memory put up in the Elizabeth, daughter to Mr. Pigeon, of Stanbridge ; one of chancel of Andover old church, was younger son to the daughters, Elizabeth, became wife to Richard Ayliffe, Nicholas Venables, gentleman, who died January 3, of Natley Scures ; and another, Elinor, was married to 1602, aged 73, the father, by his wife Jane Pescodd, of Richard Lyne, of Ringwood. two sons and three daughters. (3) One Peter Noyes, who lies buried at Sopley, died Richard died August 25, 1621, his wife, Dorothy, who April 16, 1780, aged 62. Noyes is still not an uncom- bore him three sous and five daughters, having died mon name in Hampshire. ANDOVER 179 charities, were the Spital lands, for the maintenance of the Spital houses, the Com mon Acre, left by Catharine Hanson, in 1570, as a town playing place, and afterwards leased to William Gold for twenty-one years, at a four shilling rent, he conditioning to keep up a pair of butts and give no hindrance to the people playing on the ground. The corporation built on the Common Acre four almshouses. Certain church lands in Winchester Street tithing and elsewhere have from time immemorial been held in trust as a church estate. The present state of Andover, with its two railways and twice-a-day post, con trasts strangely with its condition when, ninety years ago, there was a post to London but three times a week. In some respects, nevertheless, like most of our Hampshire towns, it has lost in Andover trade. provincial importance what it has gained by a closer relation to the large trading centres of England. The old trade which in former days made Andover, Basingstoke, and Alton, of fame for their factories of druggets, serges, and shalloons, has quite passed away. Andover fairs are held on Mid-Lent Friday and Saturday, May 13 (old St. Philip and St. James, or the Invention of the Cross?), and November 17. The old Saturday market has lately been given up. A modern market is held on Fridays. Modern legislation has taken from the corporation the exclusive right which they had usurped of returning burgesses to parliament, and has included in the parlia mentary borough Knight's Enham and Foxcott. The corporation itself has been reformed into a mayor, four aldermen, twelve councillors, recorder, town clerk, justices, &c. The borough petty sessions are held weekly. Andover, like so many of our ancient towns, consists mainly of two long streets Modem crossing each other at. right angles. At their intersection we have the best close buildings at view of the town — the Town Hall and Corn Market-house, built in 1825, standing before us right across the street. Going down the street, and passing the Town Hall, we presently find ourselves in front of the church, built some twenty years ago. Of it little can be said except that it is of good size and convenient. Dr. Goddard, at whose sole cost the church was built, left a large sum of money for its perpetual maintenance. Of its picturesque and architecturally interesting predecessor little now remains. Some years ago Andover Grammar School-house, upon rebuilding which, nearly a century back, £700 had been expended, was pulled down. At Andover was published the very amusing essay, by Mr. Ker, which occupies three volumes, in trying to make out with a great deal of ingenuity that our common nursery rhymes are for the most part corruptions of Dutch (or, rather, low German) political and theological grumblings. He tells us that " The tenour of all I have yet tried has been expression of the reasons of the heathen Saxon for not receiving A a 2* 180 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. New Andover. Parishes near Andover. Abbot's Ann. one who disturbed his family and publick peace, and who disgusted him by an incom prehensible dogma, besides the having to feed him out of hard-earned means." The book is well worth reading on account of its ingenious absurdity. But for one specimen line can room here be spared. We are to understand that Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall is the corruption of Homp thy, aVhomp t'hij, sat, hone er wij all, and means, " The begging friar, when his belly has been filled, laughs at us all for our pains." One is reminded of the clever squib by Sir George Cornewall Lewis, entitled Inscriptio Antiqua, in which, by sundry approved methods, he extracts from Hey- diddlediddlethecatandthefiddle, cfc, the interesting statement that Hejus dedit libenter, dedit lubenter. Deus propitius est, deus donatori libenter favet, cfc. Let me here note, supplying an omission in page 169, that, according to the return of 1294, the Prior of Andover held in his own lands possessions worth 30s. ; assized rents were worth to him 74s. 8a?. ; tithes of the church and altarage, £66 13s. Ad. — making a sum of £71 18s. The inquisition held the Tuesday after St. Katharine's Day, 1324, the judges being Ralph de Berford, with Richard de Westcote, and on the jury being John Goude, the elder, Sampson Blaunchard, William Ladd, John atte Crouch, John Pykenet, and others, returned the tithe of Andover and Foscote at £67 6s. 8a?. The prior had one hundred tenants, who owed service of sheep-washing, sheep-shearing, bean-setting, &c. From ten tenements he received " chirchset." Andover is the metropolis (using the word in its proper sense) of a well-known town in the United States of America. John Osgood, born at our Andover July 23, 1595, in or about 1645 emigrated and settled at Andover, Massachusetts. Before leaving the capital of the Anna country we may notice very briefly some of the parishes which lie around it. Several parishes in the Andover deanery have taken some care of their old records. The register -books of Abbot's Ann, Goodworth Clatford, Up Clatford, Kimpton, Quarley, Shipton Bellinger, South Tedworth, and Weyhill, date from the sixteenth century.1 That of Goodworth Clatford dates from 1534. Of the seven districts into which the Anne country was divided in 1084, Abbot's Ann and Little Ann alone retain uncorrupted their ancient names. We have already noticed the not uncommon recurrence of de Anna as a Hamp shire surname. Amongst those who bore it was Michael de Anne, valet to Mary, the king's sister, a nun of Amesbury. In 1308 he received a grant of the bailiwick of Kyngeswood, as formerly held by John Love. In 1084 it was stated that the manor of Anna, held by Hyde Abbey, in Andover hundred, had always belonged to the church. Its rating had been reduced from fifteen to eight hides. There belonged to it nine ploughlands, two in demesne, with fourteen villeins, twelve bordmen, and seven teams, four slaves, three mills, worth (1) Also in neighbouring deaneries — those of Colemore, Bast Dean, Farley Chamberlain, Kingsworthy, Romsey, Timsbury, East Tytherly, and Wellow. register book dates from 1538. Kingsworthy ANDOVER. 181 38s. 6a7. Its value when bestowed on the house was estimated at £12 ; in 1084 it was worth £14. At Anna, in the thirteenth century, Geoffrey de Ford held under Hyde Abbey half a hide of land and a mill at a twenty-shilling rent. Robert de Kemesham held one yardland at 2s. yearly rent. By the return of 1540 it appeared that for the farm of Anna Abbatis manor £32 19s. 8d. was yearly paid to the monks of Hyde Abbey. At Abbot's Ann, a century and a half ago, lived Thomas Pitt, some time The Pitt9 at Governor of Madras and Jamaica, but best known in modern times as the importer Abbot'8 Ann- of the famous Pitt diamond.1 He was great nephew to Sir William Pitt, who bought Stratfield Saye from the Dabridgecourts, and there established his family. To Governor Pitt the parish of Abbott's Ann is indebted for its present uninteresting church. Of his two sons, the younger, Thomas, was created baron, and afterwards Earl of Londonderry. Robert, the elder, was father to the great Lord Chatham. In the last century Abbott's Ann, with other Hampshire lands, was the subject < of a curious case which went up to the House of Lords. Sir Brian Broughton Delves, on August 30, 1762, entered into certain articles of agreement with Thomas Hill, in contemplation of his marriage with Mary, the daughter of the said Thomas. The marriage was carried out, but the proposed settlement was not made. On June 13, 1763, Sir Brian contracted to buy for £1,000 from Sir Thomas Gatehouse, representing the executors of his father and of Maynard Guerin, the manor of Upper Clatford. On October 30, 1763, he contracted to buy from " the Honourable Thomas Pitt, Esquire," for £24,000, the manor, advowson, &c, of Abbot's Ann and Little Ann. On February 10, 1764, he bought for £2,500, from Thomas, John, Frances, and Rose Fuller, the advowson of Mottisfont, alias Mottson, East Dean, and Lockerley. Next, May 21, 1764, he made a will, leaving, with other things, his Middlesex and Hampshire estates to his wife. On January 16, 1766, Sir Brian dies, and everybody goes to law. The end of it all was, that the widow, wife to Henry Errington,2 was confirmed in her claim to enjoy the Hampshire estates, with an annuity of £1,000 charged upon the Cheshire property. In October 1772, Edward Jones, whom the four Fullers had presented to the rectory, being dead, two claimants to the advowson of Mottisfont appeared. The widow of Sir Brian, claiming the advowson under his will, had, December 2, 1766, sold her right to Goodyer St. John, whilst Sir Thomas Broughton, brother and heir (1) Or Regent diamond, as it was called after the connected with Hampshire through the marriage of Mary, governor sold it in 1717 to the Duke of Orleans. He daughter to John Errington, with Walter Smythe, of was well rid of the treasure, not daring, so the story runs, Brambridge, father to the well-known Mrs. Fitz Herbert. whilst it belonged to him to sleep twice running in the Red Rice House has been wrongly stated to have been same house, lest he should be robbed of the precious gem. the scene of her marriage. In the last century it was (2) The Northumberland family of Errington became the residence of Henry Errington. Anna de Port. 182 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. to Sir Brian, had in like manner, on June 6, 1772, for £3,825, sold his right of advowson to Robert Hill. The Common Pleas decided for the brother ; but their decision was unanimously reversed in the King's Bench. The reversal was confirmed by the Lords — Mr. Baron Eyre's opinion carrying the judgment. Mr. Burrough, Rector of Abbot's Ann, died March 4, 1774. Amport, or Amport preserves under its present form of its name some memorial of for merly having been known as the Anne manor belonging to the De Port family. The portion of Anna held by Hugh de Port had in the days of the Confessor belonged to Edric. Half a hide of the manor lay at Wall ope.1 A dispute arose in 1208 touching the patronage of Schilwareton (Cholderton? now a tithing of Amport). Henry de Columbers claimed against Adam de Port the right of presenting a parson to the church, pleading that it was built on the land he held in fee, and that all his ancestors since the Conquest had exercised the right of presentation, his father being the last Adam, on the other hand, denied the claim, asserting that his own ancestors had appointed the clerk, and that the so-called church was only a chapelry to the mother church of Anne, which was without doubt in his gift. In the thirteenth century Anam le Port was held of Robert de St. John by Thomas de Port as one knight's fee. In the next century the Carew2 family were connected with the Anne country. Sir John Carreu in 1362, and Leonard de Carreu in 1370, were returned as holding the manors of Anne de Port and Basing. Again in 1430 Sir Thomas Carew and his wife Elizabeth were found seized of the manor of Andeporte as a member of Basynge manor. Elizabeth died twenty years afterwards seized of the revenues of Andeport manor, held of the manor of Basing. In 1535 a portion or pension of £10 was paid from Anneport to Chichester Cathedral. In the time of Elizabeth, Edward Moore proceeded against Anthony Bastard, Esq., and Thomas Moore in the matter of certain bonds under a lease from the Dean and Chapter of Chichester, parsons of the appropriated rectory of Anneporte, or Amport, church, with the chapels of Appulshaw and Childerton, all which, with the advowson of Amport vicarage, they had demised to the said Anthony Bastard. (1) A writer whose opinions always merit respect, (2) In the time of Queen Elizabeth we still find inclines to find in Wallop (of which we are not, by-the- Carews or Careys in the Anne conntry, but whether of bye, to accept as undoubted Camden's explanation of a the old Carew (the same name as Carey) stock I know pretty well springing ont of the side of a hill) the not. William Pointer claimed by gift and purchase, Guoloppum touching which Nennius tells us, whatever against John Carey, Joan Carey, widow, and Robert the meaning of the passage may be, that a regno Maunfield, a messuage and lands at Whitchurch, lands Guorlhigirni usque ad discordiam Guiiolini et Ambrosii in Penton or Pennington Mewsey, Pentou Grafton, anni sunt duodecim, quod est Guoloppum, id est, Cat- Nutbean, Clanfield or Glanfield, and Andover, being guoloph. At all events we must not, as some have done the estate of Richard Carie, deceased. Sundry idliances suppose the Gualoppum, or battle of Gualoph, to have between the Carews and several Hampshire families we been fought at \\ hellop in Westmoreland. have already noticed. ANDOVER. 183 Amport is now best known as being the residence of the premier marquis of Amport House. England, lord-lieutenant of our county. Henry, son to the fourth Marquis of Winchester, who married Lucy, daughter to Sir George Philpot of Thruxton, was settled at Amport His son Francis Powlett of Amport married Elizabeth, daughter to Sir John Norton of Rotherfield. From their eldest son was descended illegitimately Norton Pawlett, of whom (being his bastard nephew) their son George, who on the death of the last Duke of Bolton became Lord Winchester, bought Amport. The Amport charities must be no further noticed than by simply recording the Amport chari- large benefactions of Dr. and Mrs. Sheppard. Very few Hampshire parishes within the present century have been so richly endowed with provision for teaching the young and maintaining the old.1 Appleshaw, a tithing and chapelry of Amport, is of note for its great sheep fair, Appleshaw. which stands second only to that of Weyhill. At and about Appleshaw have been settled those who claim to represent John Wayte, buried at St. Cross, 1502, and his reputed ancestor, who acted as the prior's representative in the management of the building works carried on by William of Wykeham at Winchester Cathedral. In 1324 Mr. Henry le Wayte fined ten marks for license of giving to Wherwell Abbey lands and tenements in Godesworth, Wherwell, and Eston. The Isle of Wight family of Wayte, settled in the sixteenth century at their manor of Waytes Court, bore argent a chevron gules between three bugle-horns sable. Of Hugh de Port certain five hides at Anna were held by Ralph de Mortimer. Anna de Mor- They had formerly been held of Edric by his son on condition of good behaviour to his father, and without right of alienating the property — so testified the hundred. Under Ralph de Mortimer, Ingelran held the said five hides at Anna. Three ploughlands belonged to the holding, one in demesne, with seven villeins, six bord men, and two teams. On the manor were three slaves, a mill worth 25s., and two acres of meadow. There was no pannage in the woods. The value of the manor was 100s. in the Confessor's time, afterwards 40s., and in 1084 £A.- The Anne holdings long remained to the Mortimer family. Of Ralph de Mortimer, in the thirteenth century, Geoffrey de Wyncleford held two-thirds of a fee at Anna Savage. Among Hampshire landholders of that time whose chief holdings were not in the county were reckoned William de Nevill, who held a fee at Foxcote and Oberlegh, William Aquillon a fee at Grutam, Thomas Salvage and Ralph Bluet at Anne. Sibilla Loveras in 1361 died seized of a messuage and yardland at Anne Savage. (1) At Quarley, of which parish Dr. Sheppard was Other large charities he founded in the parish of Basing- rector, he founded a school, for which his widow built a stoke, of which he was vicar. He also endowed a school schoolhouse on land held under St. Catherine's Hospital. in Basing parish. 184 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Anna de Bee. Edmund de Mortimer and his wife Margaret held the third part of a fee at Anne Savage, with the third and fourth parts of a fee at Up Clatford.1 The return of 1398 gave as the Hampshire possessions of Roger de Mortimer, Earl of March, half a fee at Shereveton, or Sermyngton, by the master of the house of the Hospitallers of St. John, at Godsfield, and as much at Battelegh, or Bateslegh, by the master of the Baddesley Hospital ; at Shirley by Richard Barefiete or his heirs ; at Botley by the heirs of John Turvyle. One third of a fee he held at Up Clatford by Thomas Spircok and C. Sakevill, and as much by Thomas Gloucester. At Anne Savage he held the third of a fee by John de Anne.2 In 1429 Robert Kyngesham died seized of the manor of Anne Savage dependent upon the manor of Stratfield Mortimer, and a messuage with three yardlands at Over Wallop. We have already observed sundry incidental notices of the part of Anna bestowed upon the Abbey of Bee by Hugh de Grentememil. In the reign of Edward I., William de Giselham summoned the Abbot de Becco Herlewini 3 to show cause why he claimed to hold in his manors of Anne Beck and Coumbe1 the liberties of view of frankpledge, gallows, tumbrel, and assize of broken (1) Also the revenues of Stratfield Mortimer manor; a yardland at Stratfieldsaye ; the third part of the reve nues of Worthy manor, with pasture for sheep at Hook hamlet belonging to the said manor; a fishery at Itchen ; half a fee at Serveton ; as much at Botley, Baddesley, Sandford, and Shirley; the advowson of Worthy Mor timer rectory. (2) John de Anne held Anne Savage at the time when Queen Margaret held Andever town, and Mauduit was lord of Grately. Among his contemporary Hampshire landholders were, in Basingstoke hundred, Hugh de Braiboef, who held Estrop ; John de St. John, lord of Nately and Up Nately ; John de Knollys, of Winslade ; and Hugh de Demm, who held Maplederwell. In Hole- shot hundred the Prior of Merton held Stratfield Turgis ; and in Odiham hundred John de Drokenesford was lord of Hartley Waspail and Dogmersfield. (3) The Abbey of Bee was founded by Abbot Herluin in 1034, and refounded by Lanfranc in 1060. Herluin de Contaville in 1040 founded Grestain Abbey. His sons were Bishop Odo and the Earl of Mortain, both of them Hampshire landholders. (4) In 1084 Cumbe (there was a church on the manor) still belonged to Ernulf de Heding. Shortly afterwards his wife Amelia gave it to the Abbey of Bee. In the thirteenth century the Prior of Okeburn held Cumbe by ancient enfeoffment under Ralph de Hastings in frank almoign. In 1290 the rectory of Combe was valued at £13 6*. 8a!., and its vicarage at £i 6s. 8d. By the returns made August 2, 1294, it appears that the lands, &c, at Combe held by the Abbot of Bee, or rather by his prior of Okebourue, in his own hands, including a windmill, pasture, valued at 41*. 8^., for one thousand sheep, &c, came to 102*. 8d. From twenty-nine cus tomary tenants and seven cotters he received £11 9*. 'id., making the whole revenue from Combe £16 12*. 5rf. On the Thursday of the Vigil of St. Andrew, 1324, before Ralph de Berford and Richard de Westcote, William Turgys, Geoffrey de Balkeputte, Henry de Lymkesholte, William de Kulbelwyke, Johne atte Halle, and their fellows of the jury, held an inquisition of the value of Combe manor. In 1414, at the suppression of Okeburn priory, its site and manors were given to the University of Cam bridge, and afterwards to the royal foundation of King's College. The tithes and spiritualities were granted by John, Duke of Bedford, to the College of Windsor — a grant confirmed by Henry V. and Edward IV. It appears by the record of 1512 that, July 18, 1467, the king gave to the Dean and Canons of Windsor the manor and advowson of Combe. Linkenholt originally belonged to the lord of Combe. The Linchehov, in Esseburne hundred (the other manors of the hundred were Cumbe, Esseborne, Estune, Liveselle, Odecote, and Optone), of Domesday Book, is undoubtedly the Lynkehold which Ernulf de Hedyng, at Salisbury, on Candlemas Day, 1081, gave to Serlo, the Abbot of Gloucester. Liteltone, the other Hampshire manor belonging to Gloucester Abbey, is mentioned in Domesday Book as belonging to Hugh de Port. It was not till when in 1096 he took the religious habit, that he granted Littleton to Abbot Serlo. The grant was con firmed by Hugh's sou Henry, and by Adam de Port. In the thirteenth century the Abbot of Gloucester held ANDOVER. 185 bread and beer. The abbot appeared by attorney, and produced the charter of liberties of sac, soc, tol, tern, infangenthefi with other royalties in their English and Norman holdings, as given to his house by Henry II. and confirmed by Henry III. At Anne, as appeared by the return of August 2, 1294, the Prior of Cheburne held in his own hands lands, &c, worth £4 12s. 4a?., including a water-mill, and received from seventeen tenants and nine cotters £6 16s. 6d. in rents and dues ; the Rector of Anne paid him 3s. — making his income from Anne a total of £11 lis. 10a7. The Clatfords, Upper and Lower or Goodworth, have already been slightly The Clatfords. noticed. The manor of Clatford in the hundred of Andover, worth £20, escheated to the king when all the English possessions of Norman subjects were seized. It was granted to William, Earl Marshal, and upon his death to the Earl of Salisbury. In the thirteenth century John Goldsmith held of Isabella de Fortibus the thirteenth part of a fee at Clatford. Up Clatford was among the holdings forfeited by Empson. It was, July 9, 1514, granted to Knollys of Rotherfield Gray, and his wife, to be held at the yearly rent of a red rose due at Midsummer. Up Clatford figures in the old tithe cases, through its custom of setting forth the tithe lambs on St. Mark's Day being adjudged bad and void. A like custom prevailed at Stoke Charity. We have seen that there are two Enhams — one belonging to Andover, and dis- Enham King's tinguished as King's ; the other a separate parish known as Knight's Enham. Knight's!"11 In the thirteenth century Philip Burnell held rents within Enham manor. In 1281 John de Evinely, as tenant (at Knight's Enham?) under the prior and brethren of St. John of Jerusalem, claimed and was allowed exemption from attend ing the king's hundred court at Andover. For the exemption he pleaded the charter of June 20, 1253, which gave the knights and their subjects freedom from all attendance at shire and hundred courts, with exemption from all scot, geld, aids, &c, levied by the king, sheriff, or deputies. In 1349 we find John de Handlo was returned as seized, at the time of his death, of the revenues of Enham Militis manor. Some six years before his death he had enfeoffed the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury in twenty acres at Knight's Enham. Sir Ralph Lovell in 1362 died seized of Enham manor. We find in 1535 Queen's College, Oxford, deriving an income of £11 from the manor of Knight's Enham and Cifryd Londs. The holding was charged with the duty of finding two college chaplains £5 each (the then chaplains were Sirs Clerk and Byrbeke), and was granted by Sir John Handlawe (John de Handlo) for the Linhenholt in frankalmoign under Ralph de Hastings. Wished and endowed the bishopric and cathedral establish- In 17 Edward III. Littleton was rated at £10, and ment of Gloucester, granted to the new dean and his six Lungeholt at 100*. prebendaries the old abbey holdings of Lynbynholt, The king's patent of September 3, 1541, which esta- Littleton, and Wallop. VOL. IH. B B 186 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Fifield. The Fifield family. souls' healths of himself, his wife, relations and friends, King Edward II., and Sir Hugh Spenser the elder. In the Ashmolean is an interesting collection of flint implements, and specimens of fictile work found on Enham Heath. Redenham, which we have already noticed, belongs to Fifield parish, though its park is in the parish of Thruxton. In 1084 William de Malduith held five hides at Fifldde, which had formerly belonged to Ulveva. There was a church on the manor. One is tempted to read Fif hide as meaning five hides. In 1282 William No well received a charter of free warren in Fifide. Roger Normand,1 in 1349, died seized of lands and tenements at Lokerle, the cus tody of Bockholt Forest, the revenues of Up Clatford, Westendele, Chelwarton and Appelshaw manors, the revenues of Hull, and tenements at Fyfhide. In the year 1361 the Hampshire holdings of Henry, Duke of Lancaster, then just dead, included the manors of Kingsomborne, Longstock, Weston by Odiham (Weston Patrick2), and Herteley, the wood and chase of Pernholt, and the wood of La Lond; lands at Staunden, Farley, Elleclen, Hull, Pernholt, Tymbrebury, Compton, Houghton, Sunborne Parva, Uppertone, and Stockbrigge town; together with fees at Chalghton, Katerington, Erleston, two Sombournes, Fyffhide by Andover, Schalden, Bellum Avenetum, Hartley, Longstock, Weston, and Est Den. Of those holdings the manors of Longstock, Weston, and Hartley, with the manor, chase, wood, common, pasture, and other belongings of King's Sombourne, passed to his daughter Matilda, wife to William, Duke of Bavaria. Fifield gave name to a family which long retained possessions in the neighbour hood of Andover. William de Fyfhide, in 1361, died seized of Faccombe, Elsefeld, Ocle, Aulton, Langestoke, Shirebourne, and Anstigh manors, lands at Bromleghe and Stretle, lands and tenements at Andover, Kyngesley, and Anstye, the revenues of Kateryngton manor, housebote at Chalghton Wood, held of the honour of Leicester, and Basingstoke hundred suits. The return in 1386 of the holdings of Sir William Fyfhide recites two messuages, two ploughlands, two hundred acres of wood, and the advowson of the rectory at Faccombe, the manor and suit of court at Alton, with four messuages and one ploughland at Haliburne, the manors of Katerington, with right of estover for house bote in its appendant wood of Chalkton, the manor and advowson of Elsefeld, the manor of Bradlegh, the manor of Shirbirne, with the advowson of its chantry chapel, rents at Bromlegh, half a ploughland at Ocle, the manor and 4s. in rents at Longstock, two messuages at Andover, and two acres of meadow at Ysington. Foxcot, the chapelry to Andover, may be identified with the Fulescote at which, (1) Among entries of Wiltshire fines we find in 1333 Roger Normand de Southampton impleading Hugh Sampson and William Loveros touching certain tene ments at Malmesbury and elsewhere. For other Wiltshire tenements he proceeded against Nicholas de Wily and his wife Isabella. (2) Inherited through his mother, Maud, daughter and heiress to Sir Patrick Chaworth. ANDOVER. 187 under Huntsman Waleran, Ralph held two manors, with a yardland (formerly belonging to Godric) at Soresdene. In the thirteenth century Henry de Wexcote (?) held under John de Nevill half a fee at Foxkot. In 1281 Henry de Foscote was summoned to show cause for his claim to take assize of bread and beer at Foscote. He alleged in answer that he did not claim the assize of bread. The assize of beer, he affirmed, he and his ancestors had enjoyed since the days of Richard I. Against him William de Giselham, on the king's part, successfully maintained that holding the assize of beer involved the possession of a tumbrel for the punishment of offenders ; that by his own statement Henry had np tumbrel, and therefore his claim must be set aside. The tumbrel was used for the punishment of millers who stole their customers' corn, and for others guilty of like petty frauds. In 1394 Sir Ralph Stonore died seized of the manor and advowson of Penyton, the manor of Basing, and certain lands at Foxcote belonging to Penyton manor. In 1426 William Stoker died seized of Foxcote and Deane manors. It appears that in 1084 there were two manors of Penitone, each with its PentonMewsey church. One formerly belonging to Queen Eddid1 was held by Greistain Abbey; the Grafton. other had belonged to Osmund, but was now held by Turald under Roger de Mont gomery, Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury, second cousin once removed to the Conqueror. In 1246 a curious case was tried touching property at Weyhill. William de Weyhill. Deveneys called in question the right of Lucy de Montagu to a yardland in la Waye, of which Roger de Wauton and his wife Catherine had warranted to her the title. William claimed the land as his inheritance of which, in the time of King John, Gilbert, his ancestor, was seized. Katharine's attorney offers on their part the wager of battle in the person of William Cotele a free man. William de Deveneys accepts the challenge. The battle is arranged, William giving 40s. for license of agreement. The plaintiff's pledgemen for the settlement of the business were Geoffrey de Maundevill and others. Walter le Bretun, William Milkesop, and others, were pledged for the defendants. By order of October 9, 1227, the Sheriff of Hants was commanded to let Roger Abbot of Gresteny, have all those holdings which had been held by Robert, his predecessor in the Abbey. Rambridge manor belonged to Grasten Abbey in 1290. We find Peneton church Rambridge. valued at £6 13s. Ad. ; and the church of Le Weo (St. Michael's?) at £7 6s. 8a7. ; half of which went to the rector, and half to the Abbot of Grastein.3 (1) Eddid or Edith, the Confessor's queen, made to Wallop rectory, £66 13*. id., vicarage £5, pension of the Abbey of Grestaiu a grant of certain lands in Sussex. £3 6*. 8d., with certain tithes valued at £1 JO*., all (2) At that time the other benefices of the Andover due to the treasurer of York ; Upper Wallop rectory, deanery were, besides those already mentioned, Lower £23 6*. 8d., out of which the treasurer of York and BB2 188 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Penton Mew- sey. At Remrigge manor, by a later account, it appears that the Abbey of Grestein, or rather the Prior of Wilmington, held in his own hands, possessions worth yearly, 110s. 3d., eight free tenants yielded him 59s. 10a7., and thirty-five customary tenants £12 7s. 5\d. ; by the year. Weyhill church brought him a further income of 66s. 8a7. Altogether, after deductions made, the manor was yearly worth, to the monks, £21 4s. 5a?. By royal licence of Feb. 24, 1442, William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, and his wife, Alicia, were enabled to give to the Hospital of Ewelme, commonly known as God's House, their manor of Ramrugge, the advowson only excepted. Weyhill fair. The great Weyhill fair is held according to a charter of 1599, confirmed by Charles II. It is now the most important fair of the county, and from the time of the year at which it is held is specially noted for its great sheep and hop trade. Farnham hops, which rank second to those of East Farleigh alone, must be pitched by an early hour on the hop fair day ; hops of inferior brand may be pitched at a later hour. There was a fearful fire a Weyhill fair, October 15, 1784, which was long remembered as the Great Fire in Hampshire. Of Penton Mewsey little notice must here be made. At Easter, 1281, a complaint was brought by William de Giselham, the king's attorney, against Joan de Meysy, for taking at Thurkeston assize of beer and bread. She was, for non-appearance in court at Wilton, distrained by the sheriff, and bailed, or rather mainprised, by Richard Thebaud, Ralph Halwine, Adam Wodecot, Robert le Messer, Andrew Cornaday, and one Donekin. In 1363 Robert Brous died seized of a tenement at Penyton Meisy, known as le Hangere. Quarley Mount. The large entrenchment of Quarley Mount must briefly here be noticed. It was probably a rallying post of the Romanised Britons in their defence of the country against their Teutonic invaders. At all events, from the doubled strength of its southern line, its main entrance being to the north, and the traces of ancient camp tracks leading to it from the north, and through Grately, we infer that the camp was occupied by the possessors of what is now Northern Hampshire, in the endeavour to oppose the progress of invaders from the south. Worlbury, Danebury, Quarley Hill, Bury Hill, Rooksbury or Balksbury, Egbury, Beacon Hill, &c, all form one series of defence positions against an enemy advancing from the Avon valley. By the returns of 1294, it appeared that besides his manors of Combe, and Anne, the Prior of Okrebourne held, at Quarley, in his own lands, possessions worth 68s. 2a?. Abbess of Wherwell claimed certain tithes, each of their portions being valued at £1 10*. Thorcleston church and chapel, £6, pension 13*. id. ; Compton church, £10, a pension 5*., tax for 2 lbs. of wax 8d. ; Schipton church, £13 6*. 8d., vicarage £4 6*. 8d. ; Godeworth church, £12 ; Gratelye church, £6 13*. id. ; Clatforde church, £10, pension 10*., portions of Abbot and Con vent of Lire, £2; Thodeworth church, £10, portion assigned to the Prebendary of Chet, 15*. ; Wherwelle church and chapel, £40; Middelton church, £26 ISs.id.; Whitchurch rectory, £5 ; Hnssebnrne Prioris vicarage, £5; the churches of Leddesselve,i8; Wodecote,£4 6s.8rf.; Crokeston, £5 6s. 8d. ; Alta Cler, £8 ; Burcler church and chapel, £26 13*. id. ; Wodehaye church and chapel, £20 ; Husseburne Regis church and chapel, £53 6*. 8d., vicarage, £4 6*. 8d. ; F'accombe church and chapel, £20. FROM. ANDOVER TO SILCHESTER 189 He had there, moreover, twenty customary tenants, and seven cotters, worth to him an income of £9 4s. Ad. Four tenants at Walhop paid him 18s. 6d. On the Friday of St. Clement's Feast, 1322, Thomas de Foxcote, Philip de Let- ford, Edmund de Tangelegh, Richard Syward, Richard Crul, John de Cudelynton, John Moraund the younger, Roger Brussebon, Adam Shyrecok and others, returned the revenues of Quarle at £15 4s. Id. They notice in their account quadam pastura apud la Goldharde, some place remarkable perhaps for its treasure trove. Some of the tenants of the manor lived at Wallop, of whom four, quatuor tenentes nativi pertinentes ad prcedictum manerium, gave no personal service, but money payments in full of all dues, and others, twelve in number, sunt ibidem, duodecim tenentes nativi, whose service was in part paid by personal labour. It appears that Quarley was in 1442 granted to the Hospital of St. Katherine. In 1535 the Hospitale Sancte Katherine juxta Turrim received yearly £20 from rents and farm of tenements, and 9s. from the demesne woods of Quarley. A curious custom prevailed at Quarley, as we find it set out in an old tithe case of 1597. By custom of the parish the parson was bound to keep a public boar and bull (the "parish bull") for the use of the parish. This he had neglected to do, whereupon his parishioners refused to give him the tithe of milk. Quarley rectory, its advowson being appendant to the manor, is still in the gift Quarley rec- of the Hospital of St. Katharine, that ancient foundation which vanished from its old site to make way for St. Katharine's Docks, and under a very uninteresting form re-appeared in the Regent's Park. From the town of Andover we make our way north-by-east until, south of the intersection of hamlet now-a-days known as East Anton, we come out upon the intersection of two Roman roads. One of them, along which we shall presently be journeying, is identified with the so-called Port Way,1 the other runs from Winchester through Harewood Forest to Cirencester. Its course thither lies east of Knight's Enham, Hatherden, and Tangley, and passes into Wiltshire by the " Hampshire Gate," or " Gap," just at the eastern corner of Chute or Conholt Park. This road has by some been identified with the great Hikenild, Htenild, or, as Stukeley (with his usual readiness to pervert facts into arguments for his own groundless imaginings) called it, the Icening Street, which he supposed ran from Newbury to Old Sarum. Hykeneldstret, Hikeneldstret, Ryknildstrete, Kikeneldstrete, are other forms (1) The Port Way commonly so called. I hardly Our so-called Port Way runs in a, straight line from like to differ from almost all those who have described Salisbury, between Ogbury to the north and Chlorus the way, or I should identify the Port Way with a road camp to the south, past Wallop fields south of Quarley, a good deal to the north, which makes with the Ridge and north of Bury Hill ; thence onwards, south of Way a fork from Uffington eastward. Andover to Silchester. Street. 190 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. under which the name of the way in question appears written. Drayton sees under that multiform word two ways designated, the course of one of which, the Ikeneld, he makes run through Norfolk westward into Bucks, and thence southward to the Solent ; the other, the Richneld, traversing the island from St. David's, in Wales, to Tynemouth. The Ikenild But the whole theory of the Tkenild Street is very doubtful and obscure. It is not even certain that the road ran, hke the Erming Street, north and south ; though, if it did, there seems good reason to suppose further, that the road which we traced from Bittern towards Chichester, and that which from Winchester runs over the bleak downs by Morestead, and thence by Owslebury, Rowbury Coppice, Upham, Bishop's Waltham, to Porchester, connect the two great ways ; so, in Oxfordshire, it would seem that both ways were cut across by a certain branch or lesser Ikenild Street, running along from Wanborough. In the thirtieth of the laws commonly called the Laws of the Conqueror, we find but three great roads, vice publicce, mentioned. The notice runs thus : — " De iii. chemins co est a saveir Waiting Street, :=' hood. BASINGSTOKE. 227 reference to the king's charter of Nov. 10, 1518, the brotherhood established at the chapel by that of the Holy Ghost was reckoned as a royal foundation. We find in 1538 a writ issued against William Goute and Richard Cordale, late wardens of the Holy Ghost brotherhood, enjoining them to show cause " quare ipsi de decima parte Annui valoris Cantarice ... in exoneratione Wintoniensis satis- facere non debet." In the general suppression of chantry chapels by Edward VI., the guild chapel Suppression of the chantry. of the Holy Ghost at Basingstoke ceased to exist. It was suppressed in 1546 or 1547. By Queen Mary, at the. petition of the town presented by Cardinal Pole, the guUd was, on Feb. 24, 1556-7, re-established under the name of the Alderman Wardens (two in number), brethren, and sisters of the fraternity of the Holy Ghost. John Runningar,1 the elder, was appointed alderman, and Richard Hall and Roger Reeve wardens. To the restored brotherhood the lands of the old foundation were by that Restoration and charter granted, namely, at Basingstoke, Frymles, or the Holy Ghost farm, the 0f the brother- Horse mill, with certain lands thereto pertaining in Wote Street, occupied by William Goodyer, Harriard's, in North Brook Street, occupied by William Hannyngton, Spicer's, in Holy Ghost Street, Chapel Street, or Whiteway, occupied by Simon White, three acres of arable in the common field of Northfield, occupied by John Butler, the Holy Ghost barn and one hundred acres of arable in the town common fields, and a small close of two acres, all occupied by Richard Marsam.2 It appears that the messuage or tenement known as Spicer's served as a resident house for the chapel priest. Amongst other notices of its possessions we find Robert Holloway in 1558 by his will charging a rent of £1 10s. upon tenements known as Biggs or Kingswell, Whiteway, and the inn caUed the Holy Lamb in Holy Ghost Street. He left of that rent 10s. to the Basingstoke schoolmaster, 10s. to the poor of the town, and 10s. for repair of the highways. Robert's son, Richard, on October 25, 1569, sold the property (lying between the common and the chapel) so charged to Thomas Brown, the then Vicar of Basingstoke. In 1582 a yearly benefaction by will of John Green of 10s. for the master, and as much for the repairs of the school buildings, was added to the endowment. He (1) His daughter Elizabeth was wife to Peter Cobb, of Chandler, secondly to Roger Corham. Her brother Sir Northington, son to Thomas Cobb, of Swarraton, by his Hamden has already been noticed. His daughter Eliza- wife Agnes, daughter to John Hunt. The Runnegar beth was married to Francis Douce. family are not without note in the annals of Hampshire. How long the name Runniger lingered at Basingstoke One of their number was the celebrated Michael Reungar, I know not. The maid- servant of Madam Blunden, of Reneger, or Runnygar (vol. ii. p. 327), made rector of chap-book fame, was one Ann Runnegar. Crawley 1560. He was buried in the chancel of Crawley (2) John Massam or Marsam married Margery War- church. Elizabeth, daughter to Sir George Paulet, of ham, a kinswoman to the archbishop and the Warhanis Crondall, by his second wife, Barbara, was married . first of Malshanger. Thomas Fitzjames (afterwards of Nurs- to one Reniger, of Basingstoke, and afterwards to Walter ling ?), on February 22, 1622, at Chute, married Margaret Lambert. Her sister Mabel was wife first to Thomas Massam, of Hippincombe. GG2 228 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Further bene factions of Sir James Deane; -John Wigg ; — Sir James Lancaster. charged the payments, together with another 10s. for the poor, upon a certain tene ment given him for that purpose by William Moor, and situate in Northbrook Street, between a tenement of Robert Kemp (p. 219) and one belonging to the Holy Ghost charity. Sir James Deane, of Deane, seeing that Basingstoke was and often had been without a " good and godly preacher," and that the schoolmaster's stipend was " too small to maintain a good schoolmaster there," by will of August 19, 1607, left in trust to Sir Henry Wallop, Sir Francis Palmes, Sir Richard Pawlett, Edward Savage, Esq., Henry Deane, gent., WUliam Moore, John Hall,2 William Blunden, Richard Spier, clothiers, William Heme and William Parches, dyers, a rent of £21 charged on his manor and farm of Ashe, 20s. thereof to be yearly spent on repairing the causeway between the church gate and the Angel inn, and £20 to be given to the Basingstoke schoolmaster, he being a good and learned preacher, a good scholar and learned grammarian who had graduated in divinity at Oxford or Cambridge. Sir James Deane left the expenditure of the road money to the bailiff of Basing stoke ; and gave to his cousin, Sir James Lancaster, for life, and the trustees after wards, the nomination of the schoolmaster and preacher endowed under his wUl. About the same time, or in 1607, John Wigg gave to the town of Basingstoke £100, of which the yearly profits were to be divided into five parts, one for the poor and four for the school. By wUl of AprU 18, 1618, Sir James Lancaster (whose memory is preserved in Lancaster's Sound) charged his Lincolnshire and Pamber estates conveyed to Sir William Cockaine and others in trust with a rent of £103 6s. 8d. to be yearly, through the Skinners' Company, paid to the churchwardens, lecturer, and bailiffs of Basingstoke, his native town, and thus distributed ; £30 in weekly payments to Basingstoke poor people who go to lecture, £40 to be added to the £10 from his cousin, Sir James Deane, to a preacher appointed by Sir Henry Wallop, for life, and afterwards by the town, £20 to the schoolmaster and usher if appointed by the town, and £13 6s. 8d. to " a petty schoolmaster " for little children. He provided that the grammar scholars and little children should always attend lecture, and that weekly the lecturer should examine " the petty school." By order of date July 10, 1713, the Court of Chancery transferred the Lancaster trust estate with certain reservations to the corporation of Basingstoke, indemnity against non- renewal of certain leases held under the Bishop of Lincoln, being secured to the Skinners by a mortgage on the fairs held on Basingstoke Down. So much for the Lancaster benefaction. We now resume the history of the original foundation. It would appear that early in the seventeenth century the brotherhood became merged in the corporation of Basingstoke. Soon afterwards, it was found that the aldermen and wardens had so neglected their duties, appropriating to themselves the (2) John Hall gave the school a rent of 10*. charged upon Row or Round Meadow, in North Brook Street. BASINGSTOKE. 229 rents of their trust estate, that about the middle of the reign of Charles I. their Extinction of charter was declared forfeited, the bishop claimed the rights of ordinary over the e gm chapel and its clerk, the guild being extinct, and the king took possession of its trust. Thereupon Edward Webb was, Feb. 1, 1639-40, presented to the chapel by nomina tion of Sir John Finch. In the civil wars the estates of the brotherhood were alienated and the chapel stripped of its lead to supply with bullets the besiegers of Basing House. By the good offices of Bishop Morley the foundation was, in 1670, re-established, The foundation and its estates restored to the charity. Its endowment then consisted in some ' ' ' " hundred acres farmed out at Basingstoke down, and in the town a tenement with garden, occupying about five acres. The estate granted by Lord Sandys consisted in 107 acres of land and three houses, worth altogether £158. A question then arose between the crown and the corporation of Basingstoke, Spoliation and touching the right of presentation to the chapel. The claim of the corporation being ment of the wholly unfounded, as they themselves more than once admitted, was definitely dis- c a" y" allowed about the middle of the last century. One very good reason why the corpo ration wished to keep the charity as much as possible in their own hands was, that members of their body had appropriated to themselves a good deal of the school property. Two acres in Northfield, a plot of land in Holy Ghost field, under Long field hedge, a house and belongings at Basingstoke left to the charity by Mr. Brown, Vicar of Basingstoke and Kingsclere, two acres on Tyle-hanger Hill, one in Hack- wood field by Eastrop, two and a half acres some time occupied by one Robert Stocker, and Little Millhold meadow had then been alienated from their proper owners. A petition by the usher, Peter Barker, and a counter petition by the corporation of Basingstoke, were, by order in council of March 16, 1717, referred to the Attorney- General. A memorial was presented to George II. praying that certain persons might be appointed trustees and patrons of the charity, and that the school might be re established on a good footing. Upon the enclosure of Basingstoke common lands, for which the Act was passed in 1786, the school charity obtained Down Farm, worth yearly £132, as its allot ment of the common fields. For many years afterwards the charity of Holy Ghost Chapel was grievously misadministered. In obedience to a recent Act of Parliament, by a decree of the Lord Chancellor, Dec. 22, 1836, based upon the report of Master Senior, made Dec. 13, of that year, the management of all the Basingstoke charities was transferred to a board of thirteen trustees. The new management, however, did nothing for the benefit of the school. The master paid his usher some £50 yearly for the instruction of some half-dozen boys. At last the appointment of another master brought about a better state of things. A new scheme approved by Chancery June 11, 1852, vested the government of 230 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Reformation of the school in eight trustees, the vicar and mayor, three trustees elected by the town the charity. Masters of the grammarschool. Charles Butler. councU, and three by the municipal charities trustees, the qualification of those eligible for election to the trust being profession of communion with the Established Church, and residence in the parish of Basingstoke, or within seven mUes of the schoolhouse. The appointment of the master or teacher of her Majesty's free school and chaplain to the chapel of the Holy Ghost, near Basingstoke, is by that scheme vested in the Crown. In matters ecclesiastical the master is under the jurisdiction of the ordinary, but is not allowed to undertake cure of souls. The trustees are empowered, but not obliged to admit, if they please, as usher and second master the nominee of the municipal charity trustees. The mastership of the grammar school has been held for the most part by the incumbent of some neighbouring benefice. Among the masters have been two or three men of name, such as, of local celebrity, Samuel Loggon,1 or Deggon, as by mistake his name has been written, presented to the chapel of the Holy Ghost in 1743. Mr. Loggon, MA. of Balliol, July 10, 1736, was curate of Sherborne St. John and Eastrop, and afterwards rector of Turgis. Of the earlier masters of note may be mentioned Pocock,2 for a short time, in the seventeenth century, after the restitution of the charity in 1670, and his predecessor, the well-known Charles Butler. In 1673, John James3 seems to have held the mastership by appointment of the corporation. Upon his acceptance of "a benefice six or seven miles distant," the corporation petitioned Lord Cowper (then chancellor) to appoint a successor. It appears that Mr. James was succeeded by Alexander Lytton, Rector of Eastrop, and in 1 732 Vicar of Sherborne, Arthur Hele, who wrote a Harmony, and Samuel Loggon. Of those priests of the Litton Chapel Charles Butler alone, who may almost be called the unsuccessful Ramus of England, deserves a more extended notice. It seems that he was born at High Wycombe in 1559 (?), and became Vicar of St. Lawrence, Wotton, in 1600 (?). His attempts to reform4 the mode of English spelling must not be placed in the same category with the strange so-called pho netic essays of later times. He was a scholar, and not ignorant of the language ('1) Was he a Wiltshire man ? One William Loggan, M.A., was Vicar of Bedwyn Magna, 1742 — 1748. (2) We have already noticed the connection of the Pococks with Hampshire. In the last century they were settled in the adjoining county. Of Edward Pocock, the Orientalist (son to Edward Pococke, Vicar of Chiveley), Edward, the eldest son, was Rector of Mildenhall. He is described as B.D., though of Oxford he seems to have been a graduate in arts only. He died December 27, 1726, aged eighty. Of his many children, John became Rector of Milden hall. Afterwards we find another rector of the parish in Richard Pocock, .who died December 3, 1787, aged sixty- seven. His wife, who died September 18, 1805, aged eighty-three, was Elizabeth, daughter to Richard Long, of Rood Ashton. Pocock bore cheeky argent and gules, a lion rampant gardant or, the coat given upon the monu ments in Holy Rood church, Southampton, to Richard Pocock (father of the bishop), his wife and daughter. (3) John James, Vicar of Basingstoke, took his M.A. March 11, 1672. John James, Rector of Turgis, was father to the architect of the same name, who built Cannons, and was architect to Greenwich Hospital, the fifty new churches of which the prospect cheered Sir Roger de Coverley, St. Paul's, Westminster Abbey, &c. In 1724 he built Warbrook, in Eversley parish. Old John James died May 15, 1746, aged seventy-four. (4) Amongst would-be reformers of English spelling, one of the best was William Bullokar of Southampton (?), who in 1585 published -'iEsop's Fables, in tru orto- graphy, with grammer notz." John Bullokar, in 1616, published an English dictionary. BASINGSTOKE. 231 which he desired to throw into what he esteemed a better written form. The merits of his plan cannot be discussed in these pages ; it must be sufficient to note that it included the restoration of the ancient English letters used to denote dh and th. Other letters he would mark when aspirated by a line drawn through them, just as in some written systems of sounds, Hebrew and Irish, for example, such letters are distinguished when aspirated by inscribed or superscribed dots. His principle was that " first wee reforme our alphabet by adding those un- Butler's charactered letters which are wanting, and giving fit names to those that want them ; P"nciP e- then if wee observe in our writing the three-fold use of the letters, and lastly, if wee write altogether according to the sound now generally received." In the English grammar " By Charles Butler, Magd. Master of Arts, Oxford, Explanation of 1633," with preface dated Wotton, Sept 11, 1633, we have his system explained.1 lh^itm- An interesting part of the book is the account which he gives of " the difference between words of like sound." For example, he cites alias, alas, a Lass, and aloes ; Cales (Cadiz), a city in Spain, Callis, a town in France, and Chalice, a goblet or cup ; Qualm, a " suddain fit" (see "Henry IV," Part II., act ii, sc. 4), and Calm, a " stiU quiet;" Chare or chore, a small household business, Chear, make merry, Cheer, countenance or good victuals, Chair, a seat to sit on. He is more happy in some of his distinctions than in his definitions. Thus, whilst he tells us very unsatisfactorily that Ass means " a dull creature with long ears," he neatly distinguishes between " Assent, an agreeing, yielding to with the understanding," and " Consent, an approving of with the will." Of Butler's other works, three are of considerable importance. First, for Butler on learning and ability, though not for popularity, stands his Suy-yeva'a. Depropin- t*^ ** a.ler quitate matrimonium impediente regula Quee una omnes queestiones huius diffieultates facile expediat. Auctore Carlo Butlero Magd. 1625. It is directed against the doctrine of the canonist and civilian, and sums up that Qui duobus a stipite gradibus distant legitime connubant. " The Principles of Musick in singing and setting, with the two-fold use thereof, —music; Ecclesiastical and Civil," was published in 1636, with an Epistle dedicatorie to Prince Charles. Its preface was dated at Wotton, AprU 4, 1636. The book is very learned and interesting. It is written in his own pet mode of spelling. His "History of Bees," first published in 1609, on the whole, is a very good —bees. book, though quaint, superstitious, and pedantic. In noticing the seasons of the bees, he denotes them not in the usual way, by the customary names of the months, but by the signs of the Zodiac. He gives on a stave the musical notes in which the bees hum at swarming, and arranges their song in triple time. Tanging, as doubt- (1) The practice of Butler's theory of spelling may be generation and colonis ; their government, loyalti, art, seen in his Bee Book of 1634 (in 1609 and 1623 he had industri; enimi's, wars, magnanimiti, &c; .together with used the common mode of spelling), which is entitled the right ordering of them from tim' to tim', and the "The Feminin' Monarchi', or the Histori' of Bee's, sweet profit arising ther'of ; written out of experience by showing their admirable natur' and propertis' ; their Charles Butler, Magd., Oxford, 1634." 232 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. less his Wotton neighbours called it, though he does not use the word, in spite of all bee-masters' legends from the time of VirgU to this present time, he deems to be whoUy useless. Butler com- In the latter part of his book, enlarging on the various and sundry good uses of paying of "" honey and wax, he makes us remember that M. Josse is Orfevre by descanting on honey the propriety of paying tithe of honey against " some newfangled Brownist that loves stil to be broaching fresh opinions, or some Cormorant atheist that lieth gaping for the ruine of the Church." And so with a homUy against sacrilege ends his book. It is significant of the times that in the later edition of 1634 aU about tithe- paying is left out. That edition, printed after his own mode of spelling, was dedicated to the Queen. To it is prefixed a copy of verses by George Wither, which one could fancy served good Dr. Watts for a model when he wrote about " How doth the little busy bee." Butler introduces in this edition of the " Feminine Monarchy," a curious four-part song with music, about the monarchy of bees. We are reminded of our Hampshire proverb, that " A swarm of bees in May Is worth a load of hay ; A swarm of bees in June Is worth a silver spoon ; A swarm of bees in July Is not worth a fly ;" as we find him saying that a swarm hived before the blowing of the knap-weed is jirofitable, but a blackberry swarme is valueless. He does not notice the distinctions which our North Hampshire bee-masters now-a-days make between a swarm, a cast, a swart, and a maiden swarm. The bee book A Latin translation of the "Feminine Monarchy" was, in 1673, published by Richard Richardson, of Emmanuel CoUege. His preface was dated August, 1672, from Brimworth, in Northamptonshire. From the history of the school and its masters we now turn to note such vestiges of its ancient occupation as are still extant in the Liten. The newer building may Remains of the not improperly be called " the Sandys Chapel in the Chapel of the Holy Ghost," the sacellum perpulchrum of Camden, who specially speaks of its painted ceUing. Some of its ornaments have already in this work been described. OriginaUy the chapel would seem to have been nothing more than the south chancel aisle to some much older buUding, of which, thanks to the destructive propensities of the zealots of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, to the negligence of the eighteenth, and to the operations of persons in authority over the Liten Chapel some fifty years ago, very little now remains.1 The wanton destruction of the north wall of the Sandys (1) In 1692 Sir John Mill proposed to repair the had anciently been tiled), at a charge of from £12 to £20, chapel, put a roof on the staircase, and tile it (the chapel of which he intended the town to pay part. Apparently translated. Sandys Chapel. BASINGSTOKE. 233 chapel was happUy the occasion of rousing the Basingstoke people to take some care Present state of for the interesting old ruins. Still the usher's house and schoolroom blocked up with its unsightliness the nave of the original chapel. But in 1858 the adjoining Maiden's Acre and the Liten were thrown together and converted into a cemetery, and the school buUdings removed. In the centre of the old nave lies the effigy of a lady on a low altar tomb, which, with the lancet window to the north, may date from the early days of the old chapel. The west doorway and window above are perhaps of the time of Bishop Fox. From the nave we ascend to the site of the chancel, and there find an altar tomb The nave and with the defaced effigy of a cross-legged and recumbent knight, probably of the time c ance ' of Henry III., which once occupied a recess apparently just within the chancel, and was discovered in the north wall in August, 1817. Beneath it was found a coffin and bones. Looking southward we notice two large altar tombs under the two centre piers of the Sandys chapel. It is much to be desired that the persons in authority over the Liten would do for it the good work which at Beaulieu has been so successfully carried out of tracing the foundation and uncovering here and there at least the encaustic pavement of the church. Some short mention must be made of a few of those Hampshire worthies who The ?raves of . . the Liten. lie buried m the Liten. Among them is Richard White,1 Vicar of Herriard, who died 1735; a kinsman of the Whites of Selborne and elsewhere. Another of the sleepers in that ancient cemetery is John Cufaude, or Cuffold, of Cufaude, who died Nov. 23, 1701. He was second son to Simon Cufaude, of that ilk, who died September 4, 1619, by his wife, Frances, daughter of Richard Godfrey, of Hendringham, who died June 17, 1638. Simon was descended in the fourth degree from William Cufaude, of Cufaude, by EUen, daughter to Richard Kings- mUl. Through his grandmother, Mary Poole, or Pole, he was cousin to Queen Elizabeth. His epitaph tells us that he was " cousin German to K. Hen. VII. and to Margaret, Countess of Salisbury," &c. It seems probable from the clause Cujus he mistook it for his own property belonging to the inhe- John White, another of Sir Sampson's sons, was fellow ritance he derived from the Sandys family. of Balliol, and afterwards Rector of Nately Scures. He Fifty years afterwards the chapel was in ruins. Gilbert is commemorated by a certain sermon of note which he White tells a story of how, when a, boy, several of his preached in 1683. John White was the last man who schoolfellows undermined, and so were the means of signed the register books of Nately Scures after the old throwing down, a large part of the building. formula, Ita est, Joh. White, Rector de Scures. His (7) Richard White, Vicar of Basingstoke, was third (?) first signature is of date March, 1701-2 ; his last March son to Sir Sampson White, of Oxford, son to John White, 16, 1717. His burial in woollen, November 10, 1718, of Witney. Of Sir Sampson's sons, Gilbert, Vicar of Sel- is attested by his brother, Gilbert White, Vicar of Sel borne, was grandfather to the famous Gilbert White, of borne. He lies buried in the chancel of Nately Scures, Selborne, fellow of Oriel and junior proctor in 1752. under a gravestone of which the epitaph has been much From him spring the widely spread branches of the defaced, just south of a curious seventeenth century family, some of them still of name in Hampshire. brass. VOL. III. H H 234 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. animce misereatur Deus in his epitaph, that the family of Cufaud stUl adhered to the old unreformed faith of England. The Blundens. The Blundens of Basingstoke have already been incidentaUy mentioned. Their blood was carried by Elizabeth, daughter and heiress to WUliam Blunden, maltster, through her only chUd, Frances Catherine, married in 1755, to Lord Dartmouth, into the famUy of Legge. Of one Mrs. Blunden there runs a very strange tale touching her being buried alive, for which I have not succeeded in finding better authority than tradition and chap-books. Three Blundens, named WUUam, lie buried in the Liten. One, designated as gentleman, died 1701, aged 68; another, who was gentleman commoner of New CoUege, died January 10, 1706, aged 25 ; and the third, Elizabeth's father, described as Esquire, died in 1733, aged 78. He charged, with a charity of £10 yearly to the poor of Basingstoke, certain lands which were by his direction afterwards conveyed to his heir-at-law, Lord Dartmouth. Passing from the Liten back to the town we have to note the names of two or three of the most eminent Basingstoke worthies. Amongst them must not be forgotten the old schoolman, John of Basingstoke, and Richard White, the historian, kinsman to the bishop, whose great uncle (brother to John and uncle to Robert White of Farnham) was of Basingstoke. JohnofBasing- John de Basing, Basingstoke, or Basingstochius, who died 1252, was in his day ,""t a renowned Greek scholar. From Oxford and Paris he went to Athens, and there became versed in Greek letters. At Athens he feU in with the Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, of which he wrote to the famous Bishop Robert Grosteste. To him England was indebted for the introduction of the Greek numeral system. He was some time Archdeacon of Leicester and London. In a letter of 1235, (?) from Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, to WUUam de Raleyer, treasurer of Exeter, he speaks of John of Basingstoke as then being archdeacon, Magistro Joanne Archdiacono Leicestriee. Richard white. Richard White of Basingstoke was fellow of New College. He was deprived of his fellowship in the time of Elizabeth, and went abroad. After the death of his second wife he became a priest. I do not attempt to reconcUe the statement that he died in 1612 (Fuller only tells us that he was alive in 1611) with the attribution to him of a book published in 1621. Richard White was one of those few early writers ' who were acute enough to discern the untrustworthiness of the famous Geoffrey's Chronicle. (1) John Twyne, the antiquary, born at Bullington, in Of his three sons, Lawrence, fellow of All Souls, our county, aud great-great-grandson to Sir Bryan Twyne, married Ann Hoker; Thomas, fellow of Corpus and of Long Parish, was one of those more discerning critics. M.D., was father to Brian, who (born 1579, died July 4, He belonged to New Inn Hall, and afterwards settled at 1 644) gave the old antiquary's MSS. to Corpus College. Canterbury, as a schoolmaster. In 1553 he was mayor Of his daughters, Ellen was married to one Langrish. of Canterbury. He died November 24, 1581. Of the antiquary's brothers, Thomas settled at Greywell, BASINGSTOKE. 235 The Wartons,1 have perhaps been almost sufficiently noticed in the earlier part of The Wartons. this work. They were descended from Anthony Warton of Breamore, gent, whose son (?) Anthony, B. C. L., July 8, 1673, was "father (?) to Thomas, who, in 1718, succeeded Trapp (the Virgil man) as professor of poetry, and afterwards took his college living of Basingstoke. He died 1746. His sons were the famous Thomas, born 1728, professor 1757, and historian of poetry ; Camden professor of history 1785, and Laureate, who died May 20, 1790 ; and Joseph, curate successively of Basingstoke, Chelsea, Chobham, Chawton, Droxford, Basingstoke again, Rector of Winslade 1747,2 by gift of the wretched Duke of Bolton, to whose profligate behests he had promised to prostitute his sacred functions ; Rector of Tunworth 1754, by gift of Mr. Jervoise, successor in 1755 to Samuel Speed, as second master at Winchester, head master May, 1766, Rector of Wickham, Prebendary of Winchester 1788, Rector of Easton, which he afterwards exchanged for Upham. He died February 23, 1800. His first wife was a member of the well-known Dorsetshire and Hampshire family of Daman. His second wife was Charlotte, second daughter to William (or Robert?) Nicholas,3 and was father to several children, amongst them Thomas, also of Greywell, and Ann, married to James Style, of North Warnborough. (1) James, son to a certain John Warton, "minister," of Bedwyn Magna, and his wife Ann, was baptised March 30", 1606. (2) There are some curious memoranda extant touching the rectory of Winslade in the earlier part of the last century. One John Pepper, who became rector in 1 717, complained, much after the manner of his kind, if not exactly that his " predecessor loved devotion,' But of a garden had no notion," yet that he had let the chancel, the parsonage house, &c, become "miserably ruinous;" aud that he, the said Pepper, being " young, credulous, and unthinking," had repaired the same at his own cost. Joseph Warton makes, in 1747, the same complaint of Pepper that Pepper had made of Wharton, his predecessor. Charles Powlett succeeded Warton at Winslade. Among Pepper's memoranda are some interesting notices of the tithe customs of Winslade. £12, which he thought not half enough, was the composition paid for tithe of the Hackwood enclosures. He broke, in 1719, the " pretended custom " by which he received from Michmer and Durnam three halfpence for the "fall of calf," and 2d. for "white of cow," demanding and receiving in each case 6d., and grumbling that it was not enough. He also demanded the left shoulder of every calf killed, Sd. for every lamb-fall, Id. for each cock, and Id. for garden tithe ; 2d. a head for Easter offerings, and half-a-crown from the Rector of Tunworth for the small tithe of thirteen acres of Mr. Hall's farm. In 1729 it was agreed that every house where bees were kept should pay 12d., and that mortuaries should be settled at 10*. The great depth of the wells at Winslade is noticed. That by the rectory house was sunk a hundred and seventy- eight feet before the water was reached, and others were deeper still. (3) Old Dr. Matthew Nicholas, Dean of St. Paul's, brother to the Secretary of State, was father to John, the Warden of Winchester, who died 1711. The warden's son was Edward Nicholas, of Stoneham, who, in October, 171 1, in the now desecrated cbapel of Titchfield House, was married to Ann Rachel, daughter to Clement Newsham, of Titchfield. Their son William, born at Stoneham, June 17, 1717, was married first to Harriett Boyle, by whom he had two daughters, and a son, Robert Boyle Nicholas. His second wife was Mary, daughter and heir to William Draper. William Nicholas died June 11, 1764, aged forty-seven, leaving two sons and a daughter by his second wife. His father-in-law William Draper, lord of Froyle manor, died April 28, 1765, aged sixty-seven. It seems that he was thrice married, his third wife being Elizabeth, sister to William Nicholas. Mary was his daughter by Ann Hornby. Mary Annabella, daughter to William and Mary Nicholas, and wife to Richard Moody, was eventually the heiress to Froyle. The Nicholas estate was afterwards, with the reservation of the manor house, sold to Sir Thomas Miller. Elizabeth, eldest daughter to Matthew Nicholas, Dean of St. Paul's, was married first to Sir William Calley or Cauley, who died 1678, and afterwards to Sir Thomas Mumpesson, who died 1701. She herself died Novem ber 24, 1709, aged seventy-five, and was buried in Win chester Cathedral. Others of the family were settled in Berks and Wilts ; of them was Edward Nicholas, who married Dorothy, daughter to Roger Walrond, of Aldbourn. Their son, Oliver Nicholas, lieutenant-governor of Portsmouth, died HH2 236 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Sir George Wheler; — his chapel. hiring fair. corn exchange. of Stoneham, by his first wife, Harriet Sophia, daughter to Colonel Henry Boyle. The only child of Joseph and Charlotte Warton was married to Robert Newton Lee, of Coldrey.1 Among benefactors of Basingstoke must be commemorated Sir George Wheler and his grandson GranvUle Sharpe, the " ordnance office clerk with the soul of a Paladin." Sir George Wheler, son to the strong royalist, Colonel Wheler, was born at Breda in 1650. At Oxford his tutor was Hickes, the nonjuror. He began to travel before he was of B.A. standing. Upon his return from the Levant he was knighted and created M.A. March 26, 1683. His life after he entered into holy orders was very much spent in Durham, where he held a staU and the rectory of Houghton- le-Spring. He was created D.D. by diploma May 18, 1702. His wife was daughter to Sir Thomas Higgins, of GreyweU. Wheler's chapel, Spitalfields, was one of the marrying places closed by Lord Hardwicke's Act of 1753. Its register is stiU extant In later days it has been well known as the chapel in which Josiah Pratt ministered, and of which Sir Thomas FoweU Buxton wrote " Whatever I have done in my life for Africa, the seeds of it were sown in my heart in Wheler Chapel." The old trade of Basingstoke has long passed away, but the importance of the town is kept up through its position (favoured by its lines of railway) as the centre of a large agricultural and sheep farming district. Of its fairs, that kept on old Michaelmas Day is stUl the great holiday for the farm servants mUes round. They are hired by the year, and on old Michaelmas Day leave for the most part their services and go to the Basingstoke fair to look out "for other hirings. HappUy that mischievous custom, with aU its evU accidents, is likely to be soon (at aU events in the case of women servants) a thing of the past. The Basmgstoke town haU, corn exchange, &c, bmlt 1832, has been supplemented by a new corn exchange — the largest in Hampshire — opened on March 22, 1865, by Lord Bolton, in great form. The Basingstoke registers date from the eariier part of the seventeenth century, but (so far as I have examined them) are singularly uninteresting. Of the Basingstoke charities little record can here be made. Richard Aldworth, by will of Dec. 21, 1646, left £2,000 for the purchase of lands or a rent-charge worth yearly £103 10s. 8^., of which rent £10 for a weekly Dec. 1, 1682, aged 61, and was buried Dec. 4, in the chancel of Aldbourn church. He bore azure, a chevron engrailed between three owls or. (1) I know not whether he was descended from Sir John Leigh of Coldrey, of the family of Leigh of Ridge, in Cheshire, where, as the proverb tells us, "there are Lees as plenty as fleas, Masseys as asses, and as many Davenports as dogs' tails." Sir John Lee or Leigh (son to John Leigh, of Froyle) married Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Thomas West, of Test- wood, bought in 1557 the Waverley Abbey estate of Coldrey, and in 1588 built the house. Thomas Leigh, of Coldrey, married Mary, eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Fleming, of Stoneham. Coldrey was afterwards bought from the Leighs by Sir Humphrey May, who died June 9, 1630. BASINGSTOKE. 237 lecture should be given yearly to some sufficient preacher,1 who should also weekly The Aldworth instruct the Aldworth scholars, and upon occasion, visit the sick. With £66 13s. Ad. ten chari y' Basingstoke children were to be brought up after the manner of Christ's Hospital boys. Aldworth further established a bread and clothing charity for ten poor people (with preference to his own kinsfolk) attending church on Sunday and the weekly lecture. The gift was to be distributed by the elders (Presbyterianism was then the established form at Basingstoke), and the surplus bread given to the beadle who looked after the poor people at church. By deeds of March 30, 1677, August 5 and 6, 1679, and January 17, 1687, the Aldworth charity was charged upon a farm at Bentworth. That farm was in 1813 sold to Thomas Coulthard, and the proceeds vested in the purchase of £5,598 12s. 9d. in the three per cents. The charity further holds certain houses at Basingstoke. The gifts of Dr. and Mrs. Sheppard, with other benefactions, have considerably augmented the value of Aldworth's school charity. The lesser charities of Basingstoke must be very briefly noticed. Sir James The Deane Deane, by his wUl of August 19, 1607, founded almshouses for six old people of ams °uses' Basingstoke, chosen by the past bailiffs of the town, and two from Ashe and Deane. For their maintenance he left to Sir Henry Wallop and others in trust a rent of £55 charged on his manor or farm of Ashe — now part of the Portal estate. In like manner he charged his manor of Deane (which, with the exception of the part held by John Twine, see page 234, he left to James Deane), with a rent of £10 8s. for a bread charity. Charities for the poor were founded by will of Matthew Stocker, yeoman (a native Other charities, of Basingstoke), February 14, 1619, and by deed of George Pemerton, March 24, 1634. Another charity founded by wUl of John Smith, August 7, 1638, charged his holdings in Basmgstoke, which he left to Thomas Strangwayes and Robert Smith with £A yearly to be given by the vicar, lecturer, usher, and four others of Basing stoke, to the poor. On Sept. 21, 1674, it was found that the said holdings at that time belonged to Elizabeth Smith, Richard Woodroffe, John Thorpe, John and Robert Mitchenor, Bernard Fletcher, William Knight, and Frances TUney, who were ordered to pay up arrears amounting to £52. It was also ordered that the said £52, together with the stated £A rent, should be disposed of by the vicar, lecturer, church warden, mayor, and three senior aldermen. Robert Payne, by wUl of Sept. 23, 1622, left £100 to establish a loan charity for The Payne the assistance of young clothiers of Basingstoke, of whom three at a time might lendins charity. be recipients of the loan, each for four years, on condition of paying yearly 20s. (a noble from each) for distribution by the bailiffs, churchwardens, and constable, among twenty poor parishioners. In late days the charity has been suspended so far as the loan is concerned, and on its account eight poor people receive each half-a-crown. (1) The Vicar of Basingstoke now receives yearly £60 in consideration of giving a lecture every Friday. 238 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Other alms houses ; — and later charities. Roads from Basingstoke to Odiham. There were certain almshouses in Flexpool Street (whereabouts the old linen trade was carried on) founded by James Acton in the seventeenth century, adminis tered afterwards by members of the Cowslad famUy, left by will of Dec. 31, 1813 (proved at Salisbury, August, 1814) to Frederick Gray, of Alton, and in 1844 claimed by the churchwardens for, and repaired at the expense of, the parish. There are also the four Chapel Street and the three Little almshouses formerly in New Street, after wards, in 1829, moved to Chapel Street, and thence, in 1837, when the raUroad was opened, to Totterdown. Of later charities we must only notice the gift of Francis Russell, by will of August 30, 1794, and codicil April 18, 1795, the Sheppard endowments charged on WUdmoor enclosures, Winklesbury or Winklow's Burrough, and Hound mills, and the Page's Almshouses. From Basingstoke we go onwards to Odiham. Our most direct course thither would take us by the turnpike,1 or upper road, passing the common fields of the town to the right, and Eastrop to the left. By that route we should pass the northern entrance gate of Hackwood Park, surmounted by its lord's escutcheon, then Huish, with Tunworth beyond it, to the south, and afterwards the extra-parochial holdings of Andwell farm or manor house and mUl. At Waterend the old road turned northward ; its course still serves as a cart-track up to Newnham. The modern road runs straight up the hUl. To the right little Nately Scures church, and presently the church of Up Nately on a ridge, with Upton Grey and Herriard in the background, Greywell, lost in its mass of surrounding wood, with the canal running underneath, would be passed, and then we should come out upon one of those large and breezy commons which are the charm of northern Hampshire ; then turning short to the right, we should make our way by North Warnborough to Odiham. But by that route we should miss the viUage of Basing, with its church and ruins. Let us, therefore, leave Basingstoke by the lower road, passing through Eastrop. That highway may, perhaps, for some distance, be identified with the old road from Basingstoke to Hertford Bridge (page 219). To our left we pass the great Reading and Basingstoke road.2 Presently (1) The excellent roads from Hartford Bridge to Winchester through Odiham, and to Salisbury through Basingstoke, were repaired by statute of 1737. Of the trustees by that Act appointed and enjoined to " meet together at the Sign of the Maidenhead, in the said town of Basingstoke, in the said county of Southampton, on the Twenty-fourth Day of June, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Thirty-seven," many are now no longer represented in the county. Among the trustees not designated as Esquires, or by titles of higher rank, we find James Harfield, Giles Lyford, Henry Warner, Robert Blunden, Henry Portsmouth, John May, Henry Portal), Ralph Etwall, George Rumball, Michael Terry, gentle men; Walter Bigg, Ferdinando and Charles Warner, Richard Exton, Richard Russell, clerks ; the Reverend Master Thomas Warton, the Reverend Master Green of Bramley, Master John Hasker, Master Henry Prince, Master John Rnssel, Master Samuel Ford, Master Daniel May, Master William Gregory, all bearing names still well known in Hampshire. (2) The capital road from Crown Corner, in the town of Reading, through Shirfield and Heckfield to Basing stoke, was brought into order by a repairing Act of 1718, of which the powers and terms were continued by statute of 1735. Of the trustees appointed by that second Act, few representatives now can be found in our county. Daniel May, Esq., is represented by his descendant, the occupier of his patrimony of Huish. Peter Floyer was iSitfc' i*s* - ;- SAMWJOf TO BASIHG HOUSE. BASINGSTOKE. 239 we see to our right Eastrop1 church. We continue our course with the high bank of the railway blocking out all view to the left, and the rising ground to the south of the Loddon valley to our right. Presently crossing the Loddon, we see before us the . ruins of Basing House, and turning to the left past the Grange, come in view of the ancient gateway represented in the accompanying engraving. A little farther, and we have the church before us. Basing was the scene (Basengas adiit) of the battle in which, one fortnight after Early uotices of their victory at Ashdown (where fell the Norse chieftains, King Bagsecg, Jarls asmg- Sidroc (the elder and younger), Osbern, Fraena, and Harald), the English kings iEthered and iElfred, suffered so fearful a defeat.2 The Domesday notice of. Basinges records that, in 1084, Hugh de Port held the Basing in the . . . . . eleventh cen- manor (it had belonged as a free and alienable holding to Altei in the time of the tury. Confessor, and was then assessed at eleven hides, and worth £12) ; that it was rated at six and a half hides, and valued at £16, twice what it had been worth earlier in the Conqueror's reign. That there belonged to it ten ploughlands, ten teams in demesne, twenty villeins, forty-one bordmen with eleven teams, seven slaves, three mUls, worth 50s., and nineteen acres of meadow. There was on it wood enough for the pannage of five-and-twenty hogs. Thenceforward the history of Basing is very much the history of its lords. The lords of Among other notices of those lords, we find Adam, son of Hugh de Port, who Adam, Henry,' turned monk at Winchester, giving, on the day of the dedication of Newnham d°p^ am chapel, to the house of St Vigor the chapel, with the tithes of Newnham and MaplederweU, and half a yardland at MaplederweU. His brother Henry3 gave the same house great part of Sherborne. John, Henry's son, confirmed the grant of Sherborne, and added the chapel of St. Michael, with the land of the old castle of Basing. He gave a mill at Warnford to the Templars. His son Adam, in 1213 made governor of Southampton Castle, gave the monks of St Vigor the miU tithes of Sherborne in exchange for the mill at Sherborne Pool.4 Adam's son was WUliam de St. John, Sheriff of Hants in 1215. On May 1, 1216, the Sheriff of Hants was ordered to give to William de St. John William de St. John. another of the Esquires. Henry and Richard Simeon, (2) Fugaii sunt usque ad Engelfeld, post xv., dies gentlemen, were father and uncle to the well-known iterum pugnarunt apud Basynges, ibi enim triumphabant Charles Simeon, and his brother, Sir John. Bani et Saxones fugati sunt. Again in 1757 Acts were passed for repairing the road (3) Among the nine witnesses to King Henry's great from the once well-known Golden Farmer, near Bagshot, charter of 1101 were Walter Giffard aud Henry de to Hertford Bridge Hill, and for enlarging the term and Port. powers given for repairing the highway from Crown (4) By letter, dated at Waverley, April 4, 1208, John Corner, in Reading, to Basingstoke. Fitz Hugh was advised that the king, having given to (1) In 1340, Nicholas le Mirk, Thomas le Bule, Wil- Adam de Portu the wardenry of his priory of Shirborn, liam Panbrouk, and John Andrew, swore that the ninths all the lands of the priory which had been seized in con- of Esthroup chapelry came to £17 0s. Id. (or 17*. 7^. ?), sequence of the interdict were to be restored to him. He and that the chapel was endowed with one messuage, was to account to the king for the revenues. Adam was thirty-two acres of land and pasture, worth yearly 18*. the rebuilder of Wilfrid's church at Warnford, for whom Small tithes came to 32*. yearly. the legend bids us pray. 240 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. St. John at Chauton or Chawton. Robert Fitz- William de St. John, John Fitz- Bobert de St. John. seizin of all the fees belonging to the king's enemies, which were held of or within his own fee. It would seem that William de St. John made Chauton1 his chief dweUing-place. We find John de Venuz, August 1, 1224, ordered to let him have two oaks from Alsyholt forest towards making a house at his manor of Chauton. William de St. John, with the Hampshire lords WiUiam de MaundevUle, Earl of Essex, William Brewer, Peter and Matthew Fitz Herbert, Hugh de Mortimer, WUliam (Walter) de Beauchamp, Brian de l'Isle, William Mauduit, and others, witnessed the great charter of February 11, 1224. We find in 1221 ThomaB Fitz Adam and John de St John among the holders of lands in Ireland. In 1252 the king gave and confirmed to Robert, son to WUliam de St. John, by him and his heirs to be held of the king and his heirs, with all liberties, &c, thereto belongmg, the land within the king's manor of Basing which by judgment of court he had recovered against William de St. John, Robert's father. Upon the dehvery of that judgment the king had made a grant of the land to Alexander, his son's valet, for life. Afterwards Alexander gave the land back to the king. At the same time Robert received a grant of free warren in his demesnes at Warnford and Chauton. In Chauton he held of the king half a knight's fee by ancient enfeoffment. Under him Robert de Watecote and John de Chauton each held the tenth of a knight's fee. In 1261 Robert de St. John obtained from the king license to palisade the moat and fortify his house at Basinge Pallis? In 1264 Robert de St. John was ordered to pay at Michaelmas 200 marks, in half of which amount he had been amerced by the forest justices in eyre for enclosing his park at Shireburn, within Pamber forest ; the other hundred marks he had fined with the king for license of retaining the said enclosure. In Albodeston (Abbotston) Robert de St. John held half a knight's fee under the Bishop of Winchester. Among Robert's Hampshire tenants were Henry de Wode- cote, who held by old enfeoffment two knight's fees at Clere and Wodecote, and in like manner another fee at Lidulse ; Peter de Pirisist, who held half a fee in Ywhurst, and Henry de Kernet, who held at Kernetteside the fourth part of a fee. Robert was governor of Porchester Castle, and in that office was succeeded by his son and heir, John de St. John. In the time of Henry III. John de St John gave to the prior and convent of (1) In Oct. 20, 1224, the Sheriff of Hants was adver tised that leave had been granted to Ralph, the Earl of Chester and Lincoln, to hold during the king's life a weekly Thursday market at Chauton, and a two days' fair on the eve and day of St. Michael, provided no hurt was thereby done to neighbouring markets and fairs. The sheriff was to see to their proper proclamation and holding. The great (or rather, as we may gather from the speech of the Count of Perche, the little) Earl Ralph was brother to Hawise de Quincy, whose husband Robert was son of Saher de Quincy, Earl of Winchester. (2) In 1262 Roger de St. John obtained leave to fortify or crenellate (kernellare) his house at Lagham and Wal- kesledde. BASINGSTOKE. 241 Schyreburne in frank almoign a wood at Bromlegh, known as Le Parke, estimated at twenty acres in extent In 1275 an inquisition was held touching the liberties claimed by John de St. John in his manor of Basing. It appears by the record of John de St. John, in the time of Edward I. enfeoffing William de St. John in certain holdings, that he then held the manors of Basinges, Shireburn, Chawton, Brommelege, and Warnford. In 1280 John de St. John was summoned to show cause why he claimed "at Rights and Basing and Chawton free warren, the assize of bread and beer, and the right of Pf^f f „ _ ' ' o claimed by the gallows, pillory, and tumbrel (page 187). He answered that the privilege of free lords of Basing. warren had been given to his father, Robert de St John, by Henry III. ; that he and his ancestors had held the assize time out of mind ; that the old gallows and piUory had fallen down, and the tumbrel was worn out, and that upon William de Wyntershull and John de Haring reporting that his ancestors were entitled to the privUege, the sheriff had been ordered to let him build new ones. The jury decided the claim in his favour. Before following the fortunes of the lords of Basing into the fourteenth century, let us notice briefly the connection with the manor of sundry other persons of note in our county. Among landholders at Basing we find members of the Peach famUy. Landholders at Herbert Peche died 1272 seized of the Schirlands, St. John's land, known as Basms- Beaurepaire, and land at Basing and Elsefeld.1 Several men, surnamed from Basing, are mentioned in the records of the Mensurnamed thirteenth century. frciD Basin&- In April, 1208, the Sheriff of Hants was ordered to make WUUam de Basing pay Richard de Basing 22£ marks which he owed him.2 Two priors of Winchester (so at least the statement runs) bore the name WiUiam de Basynge. One of them resigned office in 1284. The other, his successor, died in 1295. Large indulgences were granted to prayers made at his tomb. In the next century we find John de Basynge, with Richard Abraham, WUUam Bruton, WUUam Markes, Ralph Strut, and Adam Atte Beche, in 1340 assessors of the ninths for Titchfield parish.3 Hugh de Basynge was Prior of Winton 1361 — 1381. Returning to the St. Johns, we find that in 1301 John de St. John died seized of the revenues of Shyreborne, Basingstoke, and Chawton manors. (1) -Sir John Peeehe died 1350, seized in messuages, the hospital at Strood, supervising the works at Rochester lands, &c., at Beaarepyr, Bromlegh, Tudelegh, Shire- Castle. borne, St. John, and Benet field. To a deed of June, 1243, touching Battle Bridge (St. (2) It- must nevertheless be remembered that in Eng- Olave's, Southwark), Robert de Basinges was a witness. land and Wales there were several Basings, besides (3) Valued at £19 10*. The endowment of the church Bassingham, Bassingbourne, &c. consisted in two ploughlands of arable, one hundred acres Near Peckham there was a manor of Basing, from of pasture, thirty of wood, twenty of meadow, rents and which, possibly, William de Basyng, in 1315 Sheriff of services worth yearly £20. Tithes of hay and other Kent, took his designation. small tithes, with oblations and mortuaries, came to We find, 1367 and 1368, William Basynges, master of £12 10s. by the year. VOL. HL : I John. 242 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. John Fitz-John John Fitz-John de St. John held the manor of Sherborne as half a knight's fee, de St. John. ^ manor 0f Chawton, and the manor of Basing, as a member of the barony of Sherborne. In 1306 he asked and obtained leave, given in a royal letter directed to Hugh de Dispenser, to have quiet possession of the park at Sherborne which his father had made. Two years afterwards he confirmed to the monks of Sherborne the right his grandfather had given them of claiming the right shoulder of every deer kUled in Shirborne park. John de St John de Basing died in 1329. He held at his death the manors of Lideshete, Bromlegh, Chautone, Warnford, and Basinges, besides a multitude of fees elsewhere. Among the then occupiers of the Basing holdings we find that Edward de St. John was entered as seized of Shirborne manor ; Thomas de Coombe of 10 marks in rents at Basynge ; John Atte Watre two messuages, forty-one acres of land, four of wood, 12d. in rents at Chauton and Basyng; Nicholas de Venure of Basinge manor ; and Thomas de Mareys of the custody of Basyng, Chauton, Lydeschete, and Warneford manors, with the barony of Shireborne. Hugh de St. John Fitz-John was succeeded by Hugh, who, conjointly with his mother, Isabel, daughter to Hugh de Courtenay, held the manor of Ludsheet. The king, in 1334, remitted to Hugh de St. John in fee the 10 marks yearly due for his manor of Basing. In 1337 Hugh de St. John died seized of the manors of Ludeshete and Brom- leigh, the revenues of Basynge, Chawton, and Warneford manors, and fees more than we can here recount. Basing ninths The assessors of the ninths at Basynge in 1340 were John Herierd,1 John Germayn, John Atte Hall, and Robert Baldok. They returned the ninths at £21 5s., and the endowment of the church at one messuage, three yardlands, and assized rents worth yearly £9 2s. SmaU tithes, &c, &c, came to £15 16s. by the year. John de Herierd was one of the assessors for Shirebourne Dean's parish ; Robert Baldok one of those for Chynham2 chapelry. Just before the death of Hugh de St. John a quittance was given him for the 10 marks yearly paid in fee farm of Basing manor pro Marchione Winton. His son Edmund married Elizabeth (she afterwards was married to Gerard de (1) To this and other notices of the family surnamed The chapel was endowed with 37 acres of land, from Herriard, I add the order addressed, in April, 1208, worth yearly 26*. Willam Trussel's ninths in the chapelry to Robert Lupus, commanding him to give Geoffrey Fitz- were assessed at 30*., for which he held the king's brief Peter, Earl of Essex, custody of the land and inheritance of quittance. Small tithes, &c, came to 70*. by the of Richard de Heriet, and let him have the land in Wallop year. which Richard held at farm under the monks of New In the list of the possessions owned by Sherborne Market (Malmesbury ?). For livery of his lands, Richard, Priory, 1339, are reckoned the revenues of the manor of in right of bis wife, had in 1195 given one hundred Sherborne Monachorum, Chynham Chapel, with holdings marks. at Nywenham, Okie, Lydeshute, West Schireborn, Brom- (2) The ninths of Chinham were only worth 20*. leghe, and Uptone. in 1340. BASINGSTOKE. 243 l'Isle1) who had in dower the manors of Abbotston and Bromley, 26s. charged on the manor of Basing, and the manors of Shirborne, Chawton, and Lidshot Edmund dying childless in 1347, his sisters became his heirs. They were two in Edmund St. number: Margaret, who died October, 1361, leaving a son, John, who died the month after ; and Isabel, who died October 16th, 1393. johnfirihf S' To Margaret passed the manor of Basing, the bailiwick of Pamber forest, the The St. John parks of Privet and Horgeston (Markeston), and Sherborne pool. celled out. Henry de Burgherste, Isabel's first husband, died 1349. An inquest of that year found that Henry de Burghurste, then just dead, and his wife Isabella, sister and co-heiress of Edmund de St. John, were seized of an acre of land in Westfeld, a parcel of Basinge manor. Her second husband, in right of his wife, was, in 1349, given seizin of one half Isabel and the St. John lands, and in 1361 of the other half. He was Lucas, brother to poyninges. Michael, the first Lord Poynings. From- 1368 to 1385 he was summoned to parliament as a baron. By the partition, in 1355, of lands belonging to Hugh de St. John, deceased, between Margaret de St. Phibert and Isabella de Ponyngges, sisters and heirs to Edmund, Hugh's son and heir, the manors of Shirborn, Abboteston, Bromlegh, Chauton, and Lydshute, but not those of Warneford, were assigned to John St. Philbert, in right of Margery, his wife. John de St. Philbert and his wife Margaret, in 1357, enfeoffing Lucas de Margaret and Ponynges and his wife Isabella, in certain lands in Kent, reserved to themselves the Philbert. manors of Shirbourne, Basinge, and Chauton. Lucas had paid the king 5 marks for leave to receive from John and Margaret the said nine fees and three-quarters. In 1359 Sir John de St. PhUbert died seized of Basyng and Shir bourn manors, with the advowson of Shirbourn church. Margaret St. Philbert, by deed, of date Sherborne, April 9, 1361, granted to Thomas Aldyngbourne the reversion of Sherborne and Ludeshulf manors, held for life by her mother, Mirabell, in dower. In that year Margery de St. John died seized of the manors of Basyngys and Shirborne, the advowson of Shirborne priory and church, Basing chapel, and the custody of Pambere forest, all which she had held in dower. Upon the death of Margaret de St. Philbert, October 19, 1361, and her son AH at last John in the November of the same year, Isabel de Poynings became sole- heir to the p"y™ng8. St. John holdings. It appears that in 1361 lands and tenements belonging to Basinge hoaour were held at Heighwodebreche and Bromleghe by Thomas de- Leodogarico. He also held the manor of Strathfeldsay. In 1362, Elizabeth, wife of Edmund de St John, died seized of the revenues of (1) In 1360, Gerard de l'Isle died seized of the upon the manors, of Bromlegh and Abbodeston, held revenues of, or rather, perhaps, of certain claims charged under the barony of Basing. n2 244 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Walberton manor, of Abboteston manor, and of Bromlee manor, as parcel of the manor of Basyng. By a finding of 1373 it appears that Thomas Devinesshe and his wife Elizabeth were seized of the manors of Sutton Scoteney, Gretham, Aulton, Westbury, Empnesworth, and Basing, with the suit of court at Basing. Isabel de Poynings died Saturday, October 16, 1393, seized of the manors of Sherborne, Basing, Bromlegh, Warneford, Abboteston, Ludshete, and the advowson Thomas de • of Sherborne priory. Her son, Sir Thomas de Poynings, who was thirty-six years John a?Basing! old when his mother died, inherited the aforesaid holdings. His daughter (?), Isabel de St. John, died Saturday, October 4, 1416. Among her possessions (?) were the manors of Shirborne St. John, Chawton, Basing, Ludeshete, Bromlegh, Warneford, and Abbotston, the advowsons of Sherborne church and priory, Chawton, Warnford, and Abboteston, the baUiwick and custody of the royal forest of Pamber, as dependencies of Basing manor. She held many fees in Berks, Kent, and elsewhere. John(?) or Thomas Poynings, Lord St. John of Basing, married Philippa, daughter to Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, and wife, first to John Hastings, Earl of Pembroke, then second wife to Richard Earl of Arundel, and lastly married to the said Thomas Poynings. She was born November 21, 1365, and died September 26, 1400. Sir Thomas Poynings de St. John died March 7, 1428-9. In the return to the writ issued March 14 for an inquisition into his holdings, &c, we find specified the revenues of Basyng manor and the advowson of its chapel, Bromley manor, Warne ford manor and advowson of its church, Ludshutte manor, the advowson of the priory of Sherborne Monk's, the baiUwick of Pamber forest, the revenues of Abboteston and Chauton manors and advowson of their churches, with fees in many counties belonging to the manor of Basing ; Basing manor itself was held by the service of the twelfth part of a barony. Hugh de Hugh, son to Thomas de Poynings, Lord St. John, had died in 1426, leaving three his daughter daughters, of whom the eldest (or second), Constance, great-granddaughter to Lucas Constance. an(j jg^gj (je Poynings, was married at the age of twenty to John, son to WiUiam (serjeant-at-law, who died August 8, 1435), nephew to Sir Thomas and grandson to Sir John Paulet By his mother Elinor (sister to Sir EUis and daughter to PhUip de la Mere) John Paulet inherited Nonney Castle. AUce, sister to Constance de Poynings, was at the age of nineteen married to John OrreU ; and Joan became wife to John BonvUle.1 In the account (1442) of the lands, &c, held by Constantia, (1) The Poynings, Paulet, and Bonville families were By the will of Sir WiUiam Bonville, dated the Satur- otherwise connected. Thus we find Sir Richard Poynings, day before the Assumption, August 13, 1407, and proved on June 30, 1423, enfeoffing Sir William Bonville, William March 24, 1408, he left to bis sister, Ann Bonevyle, a Pawlet, and others, in the manor of Acford Fitz Payne, nun of Wherwell, ten marks of money, a hanaper with a carried by Isabel, daughter of Robert Fitz Paine, to her silver cover, and his best " hoppelond " (a sort of loose husband, Richard, third Lord Poynings (nephew to Lncas), cloak or tunic, probably so named from the Spanish hopa who died 1387. and hopalandd), with its fur. BASINGSTOKE. 245 some time wife to Sir John Paulet, are entered the third part of Abbotteston manor The Paulets or and advowson, the revenues of Basyng manor and advowson of the chapel. Basing/ * In 1429 Sir John had livery of his wife's inheritance. John, son to Sir John and Constance Paulet, was married to Eleanor, daughter of Robert Roos. He was Sheriff of Hants in 1458 and 1463. His will was of date December 1, 1470. Sir John Paulet, son to John and Eleanor, married his cousin Alice (or Elizabeth), daughter to Sir William Paulet, of Hinton St. George, and his sister Margaret was married to Sir Amias Paulet, the object of Wolsey's revengeful hate. In 1475 John Poulett, Esq., received leave to alienate the honour, lordship, or manor of Basing, with its members. John Paulet, the younger, was Sheriff of Hants 1491. As Sir John Paulett, he was sheriff eight years later. He was made a K.B. on occasion of Prince Arthur's marriage, November 14, 1501. John Paulet was father to the famous Sir William Paulett,1 Sheriff of Hants in The first Lord 1510, Comptroller of the King's House in March 9, 1538-9, created by Henry VIII. WiI,clle8te,— Lord St. John of Basing ; he took his seat April 28, 1539 ; created KG. AprU 23, and installed May 5, 1 544 ; by Edward VI. made Great Master of the Household, President of the Council, Lord Treasurer, Earl of WUtshire, January 19, 1549-50, and Marquis of Winchester October 12, 1551 ; by Elizabeth given the Great Seal ; who lived long enough to see one hundred and three descendants,2 and died at Basing March 10, 1571, aged eighty-seven. The younger sons of Sir John and Alice Paulet were Thomas, George, and —and his Richard. Sir George Paulet, of Crondall, was twice married. By his first wife, Jane, l^^eT daughter to Peter Larke, he was father of William Paulet. Richard married Eliza beth, daughter to Peter, the last of the Herriard Cowdreys. Their son, John Paulet, by Catharine, daughter to Richard Andrews, of Freefolk 3 and Laverstock, was father (1) To Sir William Pollett, as appears by the record gave the manors of Fryfolk, East Weodhay, and Quid- of 1535, Magdalen College paid yearly 40*., his fee as hampton to his nephew Richard Andrews and his wife seneschal of the college courts. Their seneschal at Sel- Elizabeth, with remainder to the heirs male of John borne was Mr. Tichebone, whose fee was 13*. yearly. Bray. Sir Reginald's brother and sister, children to old (2) Elizabeth, wife to the first marquis, was sister to Sir Richard Bray, son of Edmund Bray of Eton Bray, Dorothy, wife of Sir John Zoach, Lord Herringwe-rth, were John (father to Sir Edmund, Lord Bray) and Lucia, and Sir Giles Capel. They were the children of Sir wife to Richard Andrews the elder. William Capel by his wife Margaret, daughter te- Sir Richard Andrews, Esq., who bore argent, a chevron Thomas Arundel. engrailed gules, charged with three mullets or, between Sir William Capel, whose will was proved March 17, as many quatref 'oils proper, died seized of Fryfolke South, 1515, died seized of the manors of Kingsworthy and or Syferwast, with Laverstoke and Chalgrove. By par- Claversham. titlon deed of Jury 17, 1582-, Catharine, widow of John Another Elizabeth, first (?) wife of Lord St. John of Paulet, received Freefolke and Chalgrove, whilst to Thomas Basing, afterwards Marquis of Winchester, was daughter Lambert was assigned Laverstock and a rent of £20 to Sir John Seymour of Wolfhall (who died, aged 60, charged on Freefolk. Catharine's sisters were Ursula, December 21, 1536, was buried at Easton, and thence married to Henry Norris (their daughter Ursula died removed to Bedwyn Magna), by his wife Margery. She childless), and Constance, married to Richard Lambert, was therefore aunt to Edward VI. mother to Sir Thomas and grandmother to Thomas (3) By will of August 4, 1503, Sir Reginald Bray Lambert, who sold his holdings. Richard Lambert, in 246 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The sisters of the first mar quis. His sons and daughters. The second marquis to Richard, who married Anne, daughter to Sir Henry Wallop. His two daughters were married, Agnes to John Jervoise, and Lucy to Sir Thomas Jervoise. Of the sisters of the first Lord Winchester, Eleanor was married to Sir WUliam Giffard, by whom she was mother to Sir WUliam, who married Jane, daughter to Henry Bruges, and by her was father to John Giffard, buried at Crondall in 1563. Catharine Paulet was married to Sir WUliam Fermor. The sons of the first marquis were John, his successor ; Thomas, who married Mary,1 daughter of Thomas Moore ; Chidiock, of Wade, in our county, governor of Portsmouth town and castle, who married, first, Anne, daughter to Sir Thomas White, of South Warnborough, and, secondly, Frances,2 daughter to Sir Edward Nevil, and widow of Sir Edward Waldegrave ; and Giles,3 who married Mary, daughter to Nicholas Trappe. Of his daughters, Alice was married to Richard Stawell, Margaret to Sir William Berkeley, Margery to Sir Richard Waller, of Old Stoke,4 and EUnor to Sir Richard Pexall, Master of the Buckhounds. John, the second marquis, was, in his father's lifetime, summoned to parliament as Lord St. John, and so sat on the trial of Thomas Duke of Norfolk. He was twice married : first to Elizabeth, daughter to Robert WUloughby, Lord Brooke, and secondly to Winifred, widow of Sir Robert Sackville, and daughter to Lord Mayor Sir John Bruges. Among his children (by his first wife) were William, his successor, or third marquis ; Thomas, who died 1585, father of Elizabeth, married to Giles Hobby, of Hursley ; Mary, married to Henry Lord Cromwell ; and Elizabeth, married first to Sir William Courtenay, and secondly to Sir Henry Oughtred. 1651, conveyed Laverstock to John Trot. On October 11, 1661, John Trot, of Laverstock, was made a baronet. He was buried at Laverstock. His daughter and heir was married to Sir Hugh Stukeley, of Hinton, who by her had a daughter, Catharine, May 20, 1691, married to Sir Charles Shuckburgh, who died 1705. His son, Sir John, who died 1724, was father to Sir Stnkeley, who sold the property to the noted "Jamaica" Dawkins, M.P. for Southampton, from whom it was bought by Joseph Portal, of Freefolk. Mr. Portal had bought Freefolk from Richard Jervoise, and let it to Sir John Mordannt, until, at the death of Lord (and Lady ?) Peterborough, Sir John went to Bevis Mount. With reference to Sir John Trot, just mentioned, it may he suggested whether Sir George Etherege meant a hit at him in his " Man of Mode," where Sir Fopling Flutter, having learnt that the "English blockhead" among his French servants is named John Trott, exclaims, " Oh, unsufferable I Trott, Trott, Trott ! There's nothing so barbarous as the names of our English servants. What countryman are yon, sirrah ? " To which the answer is, " Hampshire, sir." Earlier in the play, by-the-bye, Young Bellair is made to confer with Harriet on " What a dreadful thing 'twould be to be hurried back to Hampshire." Afterwards Harriet tells Borimant what she shall think when she hears him " talk thus in Hampshire." Further, when Lady Woodvil leaves town, it is to go to Hartley. (1) Of their children, George married Alice, daughter to Thomas Plecy, or Plesey, of Holbury; Barbara was married to Ludovick Stukeley ; and Elizabeth to Richard Dowse, of Morecourt. (2) By his second marriage, Chidiock was father to Catharine ; Susan, married to Sir John Seymour, of Mar- well ; and William, who married Dousabel, daughter to James Paget, and by her was father to William Ponlet, of Paultons, who, by his wife Frances, daughter to Mr. Barbe, of Broadlands, was father to William Paulet, of Paultons, the younger. (3) His daughter Anne was married to Francis Harris of Itahen. (4> The court rolls of that manor, extending from 1546 into the seventeenth century, through the lordships of Richard, William, William and John Waller, are interest ing, although few of the customs of the manor had in them any specialty. They are for the most part of the common sort, such as requiring the tenants to make hedges for the wheat-field, by or within six days after St. Andrew's Day ; for the barley-field, on or within six days of " Maie Daye." No wheat was to be sown until within a fortnight of Christmas, and no fallowing done until within a fortnight of Candlemas. BASINGSTOKE. 247 John, the second marquis, died November 4, 1576, bequeathing his body to be The second buried in the church of Basing, and ordering that £1,000 should be spent on his n'arqm8, funeral. The third marquis figures, not without note, in the list of noble authors. In his The third; father's lifetime he was summoned to Parliament as Lord St. John of Basing. He married Anne or Agnes, daughter to William Lord Howard of Effingham (she died November 18, 1601), and by her was father to WiUiam, the fourth marquis ; Anne, —his children. married to Sir Thomas Dennis ; Catherine, married to Sir GUes Wroughton, of Broad Hinton; and Elizabeth, married to Sir Edward Hobby. Of his bastard children, Sir John Powlett, of Hyde, on May 21, 1607, at Malmesbury, by archbishop's license, married Elizabeth, daughter to John Stump, son to the famous Malmesbury clothier. John's wife became, after his death, wife to John Warneford. She died April 12, 1631. To him, with his brothers, Sir WiUiam, Sir Hercules, Sir Hector, the marquis left, for a term of one hundred years, lands worth some £4,000 by the year, and since known as the Bastards' Lands. WUliam, third Lord Winchester, died November 24, 1598. WUliam, the fourth marquis, married Lucy, daughter to Sir Thomas Cecil, Earl of Exeter. Of their six sons William was the eldest (he died August, 1621). John, the third son, succeeded as fifth marquis February 4, 1628. He was the famous defender of Basing House. The fourth son, Henry, was made KB. at the coronation of Charles I. He founded The fourth the Amport branch of the famUy in whose head the representation of the Hampshire marimis' Paulets is now vested. His wife was Lucy, daughter of Sir George PhUpot, and by her he was father to two daughters and a son Francis, who married Elizabeth, daughter —his son, to Sir Richard Norton, of Rotherfield. Norton, son to Francis (Charles?), M.P. for twelfth mar- Petersfield, 1717—1727, married Jane, daughter to Sir Charles Morley, of Droxford. lnis- Their son was George, M.P. for Winchester 1765 and 1768, who eventually inherited the marquisate. Edward, the youngest son, was the Paulet who offered to betray Basing House into the hands of the Parliament. WUliam, the fourth Marquis, died at Hackwood, February 4, 1628, and was buried at Basing. John, the fifth marquis, was thrice married; firstly, to Jane, daughter of Thomas The "loyal" Lord Savage, by whom he was father to Charles, sixth marquis and first duke of Bolton. In his time Basing House sustained that siege which has made it one of the famous scenes of EngUsh history. Belonging to one who had left the AngUcan for the Roman communion, it was, not unnaturally, the great resort of the queen's friends in south-west England. Donnington Castle, near Newbury, being in their hands, and Andover being occupied by the king's troops under Prince Rupert, the " malignants " found Basing their safest centre of communication between Kent, Surrey, and Sussex on the one side; and on the other Abingdon, WaUingford, 248 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Basing House fortified and garrisoned. The gatehouse and its sur roundings. Basing House presented to the Parliament as a nuisance. Attempts to take Basing. Expeditionorganised for the taking of Rasing House. Oxford, and the west. They were also enabled, by the possession of a place of such strength to enforce the levy of £180 weekly, demanded by the king from each neighbouring hundred of Hants, Berks, and WUts. The house was large and well fortified. It was garrisoned by some five hundred men, who, with their wives, chUdren, and goods, had taken shelter within its walls. The walls were strongly backed up with embankments, so that the petards, and other machines brought against them, took but little effect. Another advantage enjoyed by the besieged was the openness of the country, which afforded the besiegers little shelter beyond that given by some few young plantations on the park side of the house. From the gatehouse, represented in the accompanying engraving, you entered within the brick ramparts, banked up by earth taken out of the deep but dry trench which ran round the place. Outside the gatehouse to the right stood a large two courted building ; and opposite, right across the road, was, and to this day is, the grange.1 The canal has somewhat altered the disposition of the neighbouring streams ; stUl, the river, the rivulets, and water meadows which lay between Basing House and Cowdery's Down, the situation of " Basing Towne " to the east, with a little wood between, the park at the south, are landmarks easUy to be identified. So early as March 16, 1642, the House of Commons resolved that tidings should be sent to the Lord General of the West country carriers being robbed near Woking ham, and of hurt done to some passers by Basing House by shots from the windows. The neighbouring town of Basingstoke, as we have seen, was in the interests of the ParUament2 At first Lord Winchester had — so the Royalist account goes — but " six gentlemen armed with six muskets, the whole remainder of a well-furnished armoury," with which, however, " he did so weU, that twice the enemies' attempts proved vain." The king sent him afterwards one hundred musketeers under command of Lieu tenant-Colonel Peake. They entered Basing House, July 31, 1643. We next find Colonels Harvey and Norton attempting to take the place, but repulsed and obliged to faU back upon Farnham ; and Lord Winchester strengthening his defences and receiving into the garrison an additional force of one hundred and fifty men under Colonel Rawdon. With a view to the reduction of Basing, it was proposed that the associated counties should make Farnham their base of operations, and thence by Alton and Odiham, graduaUy occupying the country and withdrawing the resources of the Royalists, prepare for its final siege. It was supposed that 1,200 horse and 800 dragoneers, or, as others thought, 800 horse, as many dragoneers, and half as many musketeers, would suffice for the work. (1) Hollar has left us engravings of Basing Honse and of its master, Lord Winchester. With Fuller, and other Royalists of note, he made Basing his refuge in the event. ful days of the siege. (2) On Friday, May 19, 1643, the House decreed that when a fast was appointed for Wednesday, Basing stoke market (for its institution see page 209) should be kept on the preceding Tuesday. BASINGSTOKE. 249 Meanwhile the Westminster red train-bands, the London green-coats, and the Londoners with yellow auxiliaries of the Tower Hamlets were ordered to Basing. through Surrey The yellows, on Tuesday, October 17, 1643, marched from WeUclose, and on ^dBf8*nmp9hiie Wednesday, the 25th, joined at Windsor the green-coats and the red troops. Mon day, October 30, in Windsor Forest, they met some of Waller's horse, his regiment of foot, and a company of blue-coats, and with them marehed on to Farnham. On their way from Farnham to Alton, at Bentley Green they were mustered in force of sixteen troop of horse, eight companies of dragoons, thirty-six of foot, ten pieces of ordnance, and six eases of small drakes. The Tower Hamlet yellows were quartered at East and West Worldham. The rain and snow prevented their making any progress on Saturday, November 4, but on Sunday, the 5th, they marched to Chilton Candover, camping out all night, and thence on Monday marching to Basing. About noon they drew up in order some half a mile from Basing House. A forlorn hope of five The house sur- hundred musketeers, officered by Captain William Archer and others, tried to storm the house. They were relieved by a regiment of dragoons, and by the division of the artUlery which had gone round by Basingstoke and taken up a position on the hill near where now stands the turnpike-gate. For four hours after midnight they con tinued to cannonade the place, and then threw up a slight defence for the artillery, and waited for the dawn. Next day, Tuesday, the 7th, was spent in attempts on the part of the Royalists The siege and to burn and destroy, and in efforts by the parliament troops to retain for their own use all provisions and shelter which the neighbourhood afforded. On Wednesday, November 8, the troops retired to Basingstoke, thence making incursions to Newbury and elsewhere. Sunday, November 12, was spent in a desperate attempt to take the place by Assaults and storm. So close was the fight that the women on the leads of the house could take part in it by throwing down stones and bricks on the besiegers' heads. Of the two to three hundred men slain in the three days' attack, some seventy or eighty of the Westminster men stationed in the parts to the south-west of the house were kUled on the Sunday,1 by some mismanagement of their own side. The actual strength of the force engaged in the assault of Sunday, November 12, cannot be certainly known. It is reported as from six to eight thousand, beside five regiments of dragoons, well supplied with ten pieces of ordnance, scaling ladders (though Lieutenant Elias Archer tells us they were ladders, but not scaling ladders), petards, grenades, and the like. Monday, November 13, was a stormy day, and the troops returned to Basing stoke. On Tuesday, the 14th, it was reported that Hopton's men were coming to the relief of Basing ; the invaders thereupon raised the siege, and next day retired to Farnham. (1) One account says that none of Sir William Waller's wounded. There is no certain record of the actual losses men were killed on the Sunday, and but some forty on either side. VOL. III. K K 250 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The Londoners march off to wards Alston. Basing House strengthened. The siege renewed ; — its incidents. On Friday, the 24th, they marched to Odiham, having heard that it was occupied by the king's men, and there remained the day and night. On Monday, the 27th, Sir Arthur Hazelrig brought five companies of foot in reinforcement of the Farnham garrison, just in time for a skirmish between them and the king's soldiers quartered at Crondall. The rumour went that the king that day dined at Basing House, and, therefore, the Crondall men were sent to keep the Farnham troops in check. CrondaU now was cleared of the king's troops, who had fallen back upon Odiham and Basmgstoke. On Tuesday, the 30th, the Royalists feU back from Odiham and Basingstoke upon Winchester, Lord Crawford occupying Alton, and Sir Ralph Hopton quartering his men on Alresford and Petersfield. So much for the service against Basing of the Londoners, specially the yeUow regiment of the Tower Hamlets under Colonel WUloughby. What they did against Alton must by-and-by be rehearsed. After the retirement of WaUer's troops the Royalists under cover of Lord Hopton's army strengthened the fortifications of Basing House. After the battle of Cheriton Down, March 29, 1644, Lord Hopton marched to Basing and left there Thomas Fuller, whom in 1643 he had taken as his army chaplain. FuUer afterwards took refuge in Exeter. In the spring the parliament men, acting upon the plan already noticed, quartered their troops for six weeks at Farnham, Odiham, Greywell (GreweU), and Basingstoke. Colonel Norton's horse are the first to renew the siege of Loyalty House. On June 4 he defeats in skirmish a party of the garrison on their road to Odiham, and presently draws up before the house. On June 11 Colonel Morley's blue Sussex regiment, and Sir Richard Onslowe's Surrey red, two white regiments from Farnham, and three troops of horse which had reinforced Norton, all drew up to the south of Basing House. The white companies and one troop of horse were quartered at Sherfield, Sir Richard Onslowe's men at Andwell Priory Manor-house, and Morley's foot with Norton's horse at Basingstoke. Next day a skirmish comes off near Eastrop MU1. On the 1 7th the white companies occupy and fortify the church. Next day they are relieved by the blues. At midnight the garrison sally out, and set fire to all between the house and church. Every succeeding day there were skirmishes of one kind or other. Reinforce ments came fast into the besiegers' camp ; two companies from Portsmouth joined the Farnham men in Basingstoke, Morley's men put up a culverin in the park, Onslowe's are less fortunate in the demi-culverin which they set up in the lane (the lower road it is now caUed) to Basingstoke, and it is dismounted by a shot from the house. On Monday, July 1, 1644, the parliament ordered five hundred muskets to be advanced on loan for the besiegers of Basing, and as many more sent to the soldiers in the Isle of Wight. BASINGSTOKE. 251 Four red companies from Surrey join Onslow on July 8, and a Southampton The besiegers company one hundred and forty strong march up on the 11th by Hackwood to Hoi- reinforced/ loway's Mill. Thereupon, on July 1 1 Colonel Morley, in the absence of his superior, Norton, summoned the marquis to surrender. Upon his refusal the besiegers try to Further skir- batter down the Water House. On July 3 a shot passes through Lord Winchester's clothes, and on the 22nd he is struck by a ball. July 18 they had a bonfire in the park, and fired off two volleys by way of welcoming the Parliamentary Committee to Basingstoke. Skirmishing, exchange of shots, prisoners taken and escaping on both sides, all go on much as usual till July 30. On that day a culverin planted by Basing church much annoys the garrison marksmen on the opposite tower. Stealing without the walls by night to cut grass and sedge for the horses, hard- Sufferings and ships of all kinds, including the prevalence of disease consequent on the cavalier besieged. dissoluteness of life, sallies more or less successful under Lieutenant Cuffaud and Cornet Bryan, begin to tell hard upon the garrison. Colonel Whitehead's five com panies just raised on August 18 join the besiegers, and " take up their quarters in the delve, for whose welcome and entertainment (with some sport) they founder a round tower in the old castle by their battery." Major Cuffaud and Lieutenant Snow make so successful a sally that Captain Oram of the besiegers' guard is cashiered their service. Since June 17 the garrison has been divided into three watches distributed into four quarters (containing each an area of from fourteen to fifteen acres) the park side under Major Cuffaud ; the garden, Major Langley ; the grange, Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson; and the Basing side, Colonel Rawdon. Lieutenant-Colonel Teake was in general command of the guns and the reserve. The garrison " make a worke beyond the Graunge, near the Foot of Cowdreye Downe, securing the meades for our troops in darke nights to fetch in grasse." In further skirmishes of the garrison, Cornet Bryan is taken and Ensign Amery killed. Morley is wounded by a shot from the House, and Lieutenant Cooper, of the besiegers, taken prisoner. On August 4 (that at least is the date given by my author) the garrison expected a relief, but being disappointed, make a successful saUy under Lieutenants Snow and Byfield,1 and Ensign Outram. The besiegers the next day are largely reinforced from the west. On August 22, (1) Adoniram Byfield, chaplain to Colonel Cholmon- Edward Brerewood and others. He was born 1579. In deley's regiment, we have already noticed. He was rector 1615 he left Chester for the vicarage of Isleworth, where, of Collingbourne Ducis, in which benefice he was sue- in 1622, he died. ceeded by Daniel Burges the elder, father to the Daniel Richard Byfield was one of the ejected ministers of who lived in the service of Mr. Smith, of Tedworth. " black Bartholomew." Adoniram and Ann his wife were both buried at Colling- Of that old Puritan stock came the chemist, Dr. bourne. Byfield (son to Adoniram ?), the inventor of sal volatile Adoniram's father (son to Richard Byfield, in Shaks- oleosum, of whom Byrom wrote, by way of epitaph — speare's time minister of Stratford-on-Avon) took part in the great Sabbatarian controversy of his day with " Hie jacet Dr. Byfield, diu volatilis, tandem fixus." KK2 252 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Lord Winches ter summoned to surrender. The garrison relieved by Colonel Gage. Sundry skir mishes. Basing House strengthenedandprovisioned. Dr. Johnson killed. they try to stir up mutiny in the garrison, in notes which they fasten to arrows and shoot into the House by night. To some extent they succeed. On September 2 a summons to surrender is sent by Colonel Norton and rejected. Colonel Gage, governor of Oxford, marches thence to the relief of the garrison, and desires Sir WUUam Ogle to march from Winchester and attack the besiegers in rear by Basing Park, between four and five o'clock in the morning of Wednesday, September 11. He arrives at that hour — or, as another account says, by seven in the morning — at Chinham Down, and learns from Lieutenant Swainelev that Sir WUUam Ogle cannot help him. He marches on, Colonels Webb and Bunckle being under him in command, is met by Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson by the Grange, with his help completely routs Morley's and Norton's men, and enters the House. He next leaves with the Marquis one hundred of Colonel Hawkins's white-coated men, marches to Basmgstoke, takes it (the Parliamentary Committee lodging there had run away the night before), and sends provisions to the House. MeanwhUe my lord, with the white coats and others, under Major Cuffaud and Captain HuU, drive the besiegers out of Basing, and take prisoners two captains, Jervoise and Jephson, sons to Jervoise of Herriard and Jephson of Froyle.1 Jephson next day is exchanged for Love.2 Captain Poore guards the reinforced garrison against surprise from the Basingstoke side. MeanwhUe help comes to the besiegers by SUchester and Kingsclere. September 12 is spent in strengthening the place, fetching in provisions, and sending scouts about the country. That done, and having sent orders to Sherborne and Sherfield to bring without delay stores of corn to Basing House, Colonel Gage marches back to Reading. Next day Captain Fletcher, bringing in stores, is set upon by Norton's reserve, but is able to drive back his assaUant. Lieutenant- Colonel Johnson, M.D.,3 is shot in the shoulder and kUled. Things now go on much as before. On Michaelmas Day — the morrow being Basingstoke fair — men are sent out for provisions, who find four mUes off, at a committee-house, twenty-three head of cattle, and bring them in. (1) The representation of the Jephson3 of Froyle is now claimed by Mr. Jephson of New York, as sou to the late Colonel Jephson of Mallow Castle. (2) Old Richard Love, of Basing (who died 1616), on November 1 1, 1583, married Elizabeth, daughter, and eventually coheiress, to Richard, second son of Richard, son to Edward Freeland, of Barton Stacey. Richard Love himself was second son to John (son to John Love, of Basing), who died 1601, by his wife Margaret,, daughter to Pinke, of Kempshot (or Alton?). The representation of Love, of Basing, was carried by Susanna, great-grand daughter to Richard Love, of Basing, who died 1690, aged 76, to the Beckfords. The last-mentioned Richard Lo7e was son to John, who died 1628, and grandson to the first-mentioned Richard. (3) Thomas Johnson, of Hull, a London apothecary, May 9, 1643, made an honorary M.D. of Oxford. His itinerary — through Bristol, Southampton, the Isle of Wight, and Guildford — was published under the title of Mer- curius Botanicus. At Basing he served as lieutenant-colonel to Sir Mar- maduke Rawson, the governor. His epitaph thus ran : — " Hie Johnsone jacet sed si mors cederet herbis, Arte fugata tua cederet ilia suis." " Here Johnson lies, could physicke fence death's dart, Sure death had been declined by his art." Jacet would seem to be au error toijaces. The second line reads oddly. BASINGSTOKE. 253 Major Cuffaud attempts, unsuccessfully, to take the church. Pressing applications for more troops at Basing were sent to the Parliament in The besiegers October, 1644, and granted. On the 10th of that month the subject was considered, Eentforheip. and a letter, of date October 14, insisting upon the need of further supplies, was on the 15th read in the House. A general order for increase of the force was given The siege is November 6th, and another letter read November 22. "r er pre83C ' Exchange of prisoners, purveyage of provisions, and skirmishes continue. October 17, the van of Lord Manchester's army passes to Basingstoke and Sherfield, and troops bound for Farnham pass next day, some of them on the 18th halting near Rooke Down. October 20, part of the army under Lord Essex joins the besiegers, the van encamping near Rooke Down, the Battle at Basingstoke, and the rear by Hackwood. A storm sets in that night Supplies of corn in the ear are brought in from Piatt's Hill under care of Major RosehUl and others. The beer is aU gone, the garrison drink nothing but water, and are reduced to one meal a day. Stroud's- and Ludlow's horse join the besiegers. The besiegers hearing that the king has driven Waller out of Andover, and has marched by Whitchurch to Kingsclere, raise the siege and retreat by Odiham. Next, on November 14, Colonel now Sir Henry Gage, a new knight of that month's creation,1 marched to Basing and all was merry with the marquis. Upon November 17 the siege of Basing House was at last raised. The relief, The siege is however, was but temporary ; next year it was invested by Cromwell's troops. On July 24, 1645, the House of Commons voted £5,000 from the Excise receipts towards the reduction of Winchester, Donnington, and Basing, and desired Mr. Lisle to bring in an ordinance to that effect. August 19, the House ordered a supply of 400 bandoliers, 400 swords, 300 Loyalty House muskets, 200 pikes, and 10 drums for the soldiers, to be taken from Portsmouth and again mmted- employed at Basing. August 23, Captain (the famous Daniel ?) Blagrave's company was ordered from Reading to Basing. On Thursday, September 4, 1645, one hundred of the Southwark militia, under Colonel Dalbyer, were ordered to Basing.2 I have on my table a copy of a very curious sermon preached at the siege of (1) Son to John, whose father Robert was third son of back to England, joined the Parliamentarians, and became old Sir John Gage. Sir Henry was knighted November parson of Deal. 1, 1644, and killed at Culham Bridge the following Janu- (2) John Dalbier, Dulbier, or Dalbeer, a Dutchman, aiy 11. His brother Thomas was a Dominican. After quartermaster-general under Lord Essex, commanded a twenty-four years' absence, as a missionary and other- troop of horse under Lord Bedford. It was sixty strong, wise, he returned to England, and found- that he had: with two trumpeters, three corporals, a saddler and a forgotten his native language. His father was dead, and farrier, and was officered by Lieutenant William Framton, had not mentioned him in his will : his relations neglected Cornet H. Vanbraham, and Quartermaster John Downe- him. Thereupon he went abroad again, at Loretto took ham. a disgust at the faith of the Romish communion, came Dalbier was killed at St. Neots, Hunts, July 5, 1648. 254 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE William Beech Basing, Sunday, September 21, 1645, by WUliam Beech, bearing the imprimatur of is sermon. james Cranford, September 26, 1645, and dedicated to Nicholas Love, a member of the Committee of Parliament for Hampshire. The title is " More Sulphure for Basing," its motto is Rev. xiv. 11, and its text Psalm IxxxUL 9. WUliam Beech was a Hampshire man by birth, and a scholar under Dr. Love (father to Nicholas Love) at Winchester. He affirms that his county wiU be famous and sounding unto posterity for two things, viz., for honourable burgesses and renowned champions that stood all together (save one strange one that was lost) to defend it; and secondly for two faithless garrisons and unworthy Catalines that laboured so much to destroy it." The last day of And now the last day had come for Loyalty House. On Friday CromweU pours in his shot from the south-east, and Dalbier's battery, south of the church, plays on the new buildings. By Monday night practicable breaches had been made on both sides the house, so that on Tuesday morning at dawn, about six o'clock, Colonel Dalbier, on the north by the grange, supported by Pickering, Hartop, WaUer, and Montagu, stormed the new buildings, gained the great court which lay between the new house and the old, and pushed onward tiU aU was in their hands. " Hearts are trumps as when Basing House was taken." On October 14, 1645, it was stormed, taken, and utterly destroyed ; Hugh Peters rides in triumphantly, Bible in one hand pistol in the other ; butcher Harrison fells down player Robinson,1 Hollar the portrait and costume engraver has run away, and the gaUant little garrison dispersed among gaols and hiding-places at home, and the lands of refuge abroad. Accounts of that day give us the details of the spoU, which it would seem was of prodigious value. The news of its On Tuesday, October 14, messengers, charged with the news of the achievement, arrived, the one after the other, at about twelve o'clock (there were three from Basing and the army of Fairfax), came to the door of the House, were caUed in, announced that the new house of Basing had been taken and the old entered that very morning, and were ordered a reward of £20 among the three. On Wednesday, October 15, 1645, the letter from Cromwell of date October 14, announced to the House the full particulars of the taking of Basing House. Colonel Hammond, late Lord Winchester's prisoner,2 was caUed in, examined, and promised £20. Orders were issued for the destruction of the place, and notice given that any one might carry away at pleasure the materials of Basing House. Thanks to the General, and a thanksgiving to be observed the following Sunday in London and within the lines, were then voted. Among the prisoners were Lord Winchester — his marchioness (whose waiting-maid (1) Major Cuffaud also was killed by Harrison, so at sieged on a foggy night. It appears that the account by least the story ran. Cromwell himself sent to the Speaker was received after (1) Taken, with Major King, by » sally of the he- the examination of Colonel Hammond. BASINGSTOKE. 255 had in the siege been killed by a grenade) had escaped the preceding Wednesday — Infelix pater, heu infelicis- sima virgo. Sir Robert Peake, and — more happy than his daughter — Dr. Griffith. On October 16 Cromwell had left Basing, and taken up his quarters at WaUop. Loyalty House was never rebuilt. The Dukes of Bolton preferred their fine new End of Basing place at Hackwood (the old house dated from Elizabeth's time), to say nothing of deu"*e f Abbotston, to the ancient mansion of their stock. And then afterwards Basing passed away from the Paulets. But yet of the grand old mansion house and its former magnificence there are plenty of vestiges all around, and in local names l some memory of the great siege still survives. The gaUant defender of Basing House died March 5, 1674, aged 76. Of his successors in the marquisate very little need here be said. Perhaps the definition of a point would best describe some of them, that which hath neither parts nor magnitude, but position only. Next in succession was the lord who so craftily played his part amidst the poli- The first Duke tical troubles of the times by passing as a madman. As Charles Lord St. John of of Bolton; Basing, son and heir to John the loyal marquis, on February 28, 1651, he married Christiana (born at 4 p.m., Friday, December 13, 1633, and died July 22, 1653), sister to Elizabeth, wife of Sir Philip Warwick, and Frances, wife to Colonel Thomas Culpepper, and with them co-heiresses of Lord FreschvUle her father by his wife Sarah, (they were married in 1630), daughter to Queen Elizabeth's god son, the famous Sir John Harrington. How by his second marriage Lord Winchester became possessed of the Yorkshire —his Yorkshire lands which afterwards gave the title to his dukedom is a twice-told tale. So ° mss' early as July 12, 1669, we find him holding property at Marrick. On October 23, 1671, the manor, &c, of Marrick was conveyed to trustees on his behalf. Otherwise it appears that, October 27, 1671, he bought the manor, and February 12, 1683, the rectory with the advowson of the vicarage. From a deed in my possession of AprU 21, 1674, it appears that he then held lands at West Bolton, Gilling, &c. He came to his inheritance March 5, 1674, was made Lord-Lieutenant of Hants April 6, 1689, created Duke of Bolton AprU 9, 1689, made his will April 9, 1694,2 and died at Amport February 26, 1698-9. On his second son, Lord WUUam, M.P. for Winchester —his family. from 1688-9 until his death, except the years 1710 and 1713, when he sat for Lymington, born 1665, the Marrick property was entaUed. Lord William died September 25, 1729, leaving two sons, of whom the elder, WUliam of Chil bolton, M.P., June 25, 1741, for Winchester, and May, 1729, for Lymington, made (1) Slaughter Close, by the lower road, is said to the poor of Basingstoke, Winslade, and Weston Patrick, have been the scene of a skirmish in which many on half to the poor of Basing, Sherfield, and Newnham. both sides were slain. The details of the distribution, subject to those condi- (2) By that will he charged certain lands, amongst tions, he entrusted to the Mayor of Basingstoke, the them Fobden's farm, held under the Bishop of Win- steward of Basing manor court, and the rectors of Chester, and Riguall's farm, in our county, which he Winslade and Sherfield, or the greater part of them. had bought of Mr. Hoare, with a perpetual annuity of The conditions of the gift have very much been dis- £102, to be given in sums of £6 and £3 each, half to regarded by its trustees. 256 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. his will December 10, 1756, and died May 20, 1757. The younger, Sir Charles, in 1733 Lieutenant-Governor of the Isle of Wight, died November 14, 1751. WUliam's daughter Annabella married a clergyman, Richard Smith of Itchen. Their son, William of Little Sombourne, born March 18, 1758, sold Marrick. Their daughter Camilla (she died September 1, 1781) was wife to Barton Wallop, third son of Lord Lymington, Master of Magdalen, Cambridge, and Rector of Upper WaUop. The second Charles Earl of Wiltshire, son and successor to the first duke, was thrice married, first to Margaret, daughter to George Lord Coventry, who died December 15, 1680, afterwards to Frances, daughter to WiUiam Ramsden, of Byron. By her he was father to Charles and Henry, the third and fourth dukes, and to two daughters. By his third wife, one of the Duke of Monmouth's bastards, he was father of Lord Nassau Paulet, born June 23, 1698, M.P. for Hants 1714, 1722, returned for Lymington 1722, and died August 24, 1741. —his posts and Of the county honours held by the second duke the list is long. Under King William he was vice-admiral of Hants, knight of the shire 1690, 1695 ; July 1, 1702, warden of the New Forest, vice-admiral, Lord Lieutenant, and Custos Rotulorum for Hants and Dorset ; 1708 Governor of the Isle of Wight and again appointed Lord Lieutenant; continued in office by George I.; in 1714 appointed warden and keeper of the New Forest, the decoy, the manor and park of Lyndhurst, the hundred of Redbridge and baUiwick of Burley. January 11, 1714-5, he was again made Custos Rotulorum for Hants and Dorset. In his father's life-time he was appointed one of the Lord Justices of Ireland. After having several years served that office he was, August 17, 1717, made Lord Lieutenant. To his cruel op pression poor Budgell owed his ruin. The third duke, Charles, the third duke, Warton's patron, born September 3, 1685, called to '-in ii ins STicpcs* tors. Parliament as Lord St. John of Basing April 17, 1717, Governor of the Isle of Wight August 27, 1726, and September 2, 1727, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum for Hants and Dorset, the town and county of Poole, town and county of Southampton, warden and keeper of the New Forest, in 1733 turned out of his office, but in 1742 re stored the governorship of the island, and on July 29 the lord lieutenancy of Hants, all which he, however, resigned. He died August 26, 1754, aged 69. He was putative father of Amyand Percy (father of Charles, Rector of Itchen Stoke), and Charles Pawlett, Rector of Itchen Abbas, sons of Lavinia Fenton, or Bestwick, the original Polly Peachum} About the end of the last century, Charles Pawlett, the younger, was curate of MaplederweU. Harry, the fourth brother to Charles the third duke, before his accession to the dukedom sat for the county in five Parliaments. November 9, 1754, he was made Lord-Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum for the county at large, and the town and county of Southampton. Of his two sons, Charles, the fifth duke, in his father's lifetime was Lord- (1) -Hoaarth painted her playing that part to Walker's Macheath. = BASINGSTOKE. 257 Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum for Hampshire and Southampton. He sat for the county in Parliament, and was Colonel of the North Hants MUitia. He died July 5, 1765, and was buried at Basing.1 Harry his brother and successor, the last Duke of Bolton, was in 1754 M.P. for The end of the T*flnlptfl of Lymington and afterwards for Winchester. He was some time Lord-Lieutenant Basing. and Custos Rotulorum, but was deprived of those offices in 1793. He died De cember 25th, 1794. Perhaps our best view of the ruins of Basing House will be gained by ascending Present appear- the canal bank just south of the grange. Thence looking across the " barge river " *u^Bi0 e we see over against us a tower from which the wall stretching right and left runs south-west up to another tower and south-east Turning to the left, we presently pass within an external tower, flanking and defending the entrance under the old gateway. A little farther, and we stand upon the ancient way winding up within the moat and inner bank which we notice running westward. To the right the way would take us into the midst of fallen masses of brick-work and masonry which encumber the side of the old House. To the left we descend by the gateway, represented in the engraving, into the road leading through Basing eastward. Pursuing that road, we observe north-east of the ruins some old buildings, which it would seem at one time formed part of the offices belonging to the aneient mansion. Presently we come in full view of the church of St Mary, well represented old Basing in the accompanying engraving. Externally we may specially notice the canopied urc ' niche over the west front, in which still yet stand (notwithstanding the iconoclasm of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries) the images of the Blessed Mother and her Child. The bracket on which they rest expands into an angel presenting. a shield, of which the bearings are somewhat defaced, surmounted by the well-known three swords in pUe of Paulet on an escutcheon of pretence. The shield, of course, is that of Sir John Paulet the younger. Around the church we observe coats and badges of the Paulets and the houses —its es- of their alliance. Entering the church by the picturesque south porch we see to our monuments"0 right the south aisle chapel commonly known as the Bolton aisle, which is now-a-days used as a day schoolroom. Under or rather against the bricked-up east window there is a somewhat pre tentious monument of the last Duke of Bolton, by whose consent that wretched disgrace to his strawberry leaves his brother the fifth duke was enabled to give away to the daughter of a worthless woman the lands he had inherited through a long line of ancestors. The escutcheon of that daughter's husband occupies the wall at our left. On the opposite wall is the coat of the third duke. The first coat quartered in the impaled shield memorialises his disgraceful marriage. More ancient and worthy (1) The register of Winslade tells us that on October service gave the curate, Sambrooke Nicholas Russell, 4, 1761 (whether to qualify himself for office does not 5 guineas for the poor. Though Hackwood parts certainly appear), theDnke of Bolton communicated, and after into three parishes, the House belongs to Winslade. VOL. III. L L 258 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The nave and chancel. Paulet monu ments. Quarterings of the Paulet shield. memorials of the Paulets are the helmets, coronets, and other insignia of their noble house arranged at the east of the chapel. From the south chapel or parish schoolroom we return into the south aisle, and thence pass into the nave. We are now in the oldest part of the church, that twelfth and thirteenth century part in which the knightly St. Johns worshipped. Going eastward we ascend by four steps into the chancel. The arrangement of the church fittings, pews, &c, does much to spoU what really is a fine fifteenth century chancel. To the right and left we notice some interesting altar tombs. Of those on the right the easternmost is the tomb of the first Lord Winchester and his wife. That to the west is the tomb of his successor. Opposite we have to the west the tomb of Sir John Paulet and his cousin and wife, Alice Paulet, in right of whom he bore the Paulet escutcheon of pretence. They were father and mother of the first marquis. To the east is the tomb of Sir John's father and mother, John Paulet, Esq., and his wife Elinor, who died September, 1488. That John Paulet, Esq., was son to John who married Constance Poynings. To the north aisle are some modern monuments of no particular interest. As we ascend by four steps into the north chancel aisle we see above us a tablet which teUs us that Sir John Paulet buUt it in 1519, Ad laudem Xti et Maries matris suee. We pass next into the chapel, turned now into a vestry. The east end runs flush with the chancel of the church. For an inteUigent study of these monuments it is absolutely necessary to bear in mind the order in which the chief coats came into the Paulet famUy. St. John's coat — On a chief two mullets, passed to Poynings,1 who bore Barry of (1) At the tournament of Stepney, held June, 1309, Sir Michael Poninges bore Barry of six or and vert, a bend gules. His brother Sir Thomas bore the same, the bend charged with three mullets or for difference. After wards at the Dunstable tournament we find barre d'or et de vert ove un bend de goules assigned to Thomas, and the same coat given to Michael his brother, dif ferenced by un bordure engrele d'ermyn. Among other Hampshire gentlemen who took part in the Stepney tournament were Sir Thomas de Couderey, gules, ten billets or; Sir John Descures, azure, fretty or; Sir Henry Fitz Hugh, azure, fretty or, a chief or, a label of three points gules ; Sir WiUiam la Souche, gules, ten bezants, a label of three points azure ; Sir John de Hanlowe, argent, a lion rampant azure, langued gules, gutte d'or. — In right of his second wife (his first was Joan, daughter to John Fitz Neale), Maud Burnell, did John de Handlo hold Enham Militis. — Sir Hugh le Despenser, party per cross argent and gules, a bend sable, second and third quarters fretty or, and over all a label of three points azure; Sir Andrew de Her teley (warden and Earl (?) of Carlisle), argent, a cross gules, in canton » mullet sable; Sir Bartholomew de Badlesmere, argent, a fesse double cotised gules ; Sir Robert Wateville, argent, three chevronels gules, a border indented sable; Sir Geoffrey Wanteville, sable, semee of cross crosslets, a lion rampant argent, langued gules ; -Sir John Pesche, gules, a fess between eight cross crosslets argent ; Sir Gilbert Pesche, argent, a fess between two chevrons gules ; Sir William Wanton, argent (it was or at Dunstable) on a chevron sable, three eaglets displayed or; Sir John de Waleys, ermine, a bend gules; Sir Amory de la Souche, gules, ten bezants, a bend azure ; Sir John Sanvage, ermine, on a chief azure, three lioncels rampant argent ; Sir John Mandut, gules, three piles covering, conjoined in base or. Besides many of the Hampshire knights who were present at Stepney, there took part in the Dunstable tournament John de la River, d' azure, ove deux barres d'or dansees; Andrew Sakvile, quartelle d'or, et de goules, ove une bende de vair ; John de Mules, d'argent ove deux barres de goules, ove trois tour- teaulx, en la chief de goules; Thomas de Westons d 'azure, u trois fleurs-de-lys d'or, issuant hors la teste lopeard. At the tournament of 1333, Rauf Basset lefils bore d'or BASINGSTOKE. 259 six (or and vert), a bend (or bendlet) gules, a crescent for difference. John Paulet, to Paulet quater- whom those coats came, bore three swords conjoined in pile with a crescent for difference, ing8' and quartered with it the Delamere coat of his father's mother, two lions passant guardant. From his mother Elinor, Sir John Paulet derived the Ros quartering of three water bougets. Capel bore argent, a chevron gules between three torteaux on a chief azure a fret between two roses or, and afterwards gules a lion rampant between three cross crosslets fitchy or. Of the Lord Capel, beheaded March 9, 1649, the old rhyme ran, — " Our Lion-like Capel undaunted stood, Beset with crosses in a sea of blood." Among other devices we notice the well-known Poynings badge of the ducally (?) crowned key, conjoined sometimes with the knotted cord ring. The device of the Poynings standard (its field was party perfess gules and or) Poynings in- was a key erect argent ducally crowned or, repeated four times. This badge we find 81Knia" on the seal of Michael de Poynings, 135,9, and Sir Robert de Poynings. Their motto was Loyaulte' n'a peur. The elder branch of Poynings quartered with their own bearings those of Fitz Payne three lions passant surmounted by a bendlet, a coat inherited through the marriage of Isabella, daughter to Robert, who had assumed the name Fitz Payne (he died the Wednesday before Whitsun-Day, May 21, 1393), to Sir Richard Ponynges. Isabella died, aged 31, on Saturday, April 9 (or April 11), 1394, leaving a son, Robert, aged 14 St. Andrew's Day that year. The said Robert married Alianor, daughter to Sir John Berkeley. Their son was Sir Richard Poynings, whose will was of date 1427-8. We find Eleanor, daughter to Sir John Berkeley, married first to John Fitz Alan, who died September 29, 1421 ; secondly to Richard, son of Robert Lord Poynings, and lastly to Sir Walter Hungerford. She died 1455. Through Basing we come out on the " Loddon slow, with silver alders crowned." Just on to our right, south of the lower road between the mill and the church, we pass Priest Croft, corrupted into Pitcroft (?), which, perhaps, may be the piece of ground formerly appropriated to the chaplain of the free chapel of Basing. The road to our left would take us by Chinham into the Basingstoke and Reading- turnpike road. Thence by Chinham we might pass into the parish of Sherborne St. John, and thence' by Pamber and Bramley, return through Sherfield green. Within the parish of Sherborne St. John are the interesting houses of Beaurepaire Beaurepaire. and the Vine. Beaurepaire house is speciaUy interesting as representing the ancient mansion of the Brocas family. ove trois poyns de goules, ove un quarter d'ermyn, ove un Spigurnel, d 'azure ove trois barres d'or un molei d 'argent labele d 'azure; William Corbet, d' argent ove deux barres en le chief; Hugh le Despenser, quartele d' argent et de de goules, ove un fece d'azure; Nichol de Langeford, goules ove un baston de sable; Roger de la Souche, paule d'or et de goules, ove une bende d' argent ; Ed- d'azure besante d'or ; Geoffrey de Say, quartele d'or et ward Savage, d' argent ove six lyonceaux de sable ; Rauf de goules. LL2 260 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The Brocas We have already noted how the lands of Roches Court and other holdings shire. mHamP" (together with the mastership of the king's buckhounds), passed to Six Bernard Brocas (born 1347, died 1396) by his marriage with Mary, the heiress of the Roches. By an inquisition of 1378, we find that John Brocas, son to Sir OUver Brocas, held land in our county. License was, in 1388, given to Bernard Brocas (uncle and heir to the said John), then aged forty-one, to enlarge his park of Beaurepaire with one hundred acres of land and wood at Bromley St. John, belonging to Priors Shirbourne. Sir Bernard Brocas was a legatee under the wUl of Sir Nicholas de Lovaine, dated September 20, 1375. Other legatees were Sir Aubrey de Vere, wife's brother to Sir Nicholas, and Sir Edward Berkeley. The will further directed that prayers should be made for the souls of Dame Katherine St. John and Roger her son, to whose inheritance Sir Nicholas had succeeded. In 1398, Katerina, wife to Sir Bernard de Brocas, was returned as seized of the third part of Styvyngton manor, the manor of North Farham, and Brokeshead in Hedle parish. At the funeral in Westminster Abbey of Sir Bernard Brocas, chamberlain to Anne, wife of Richard II. (and to Philip of Hainault?), £40 was expended on the hearse with banners, pennons, twenty-four torches, black cloth hangings, wax lights, &c~ The statements of the modern epitaph on the Brocas tomb in Westminster Abbey are not to be received with implicit faith. His son Bernard, cofferer to the queen, was beheaded January 1399 — 1400.1 Later history of The return, 1399, of the lands held by Bernard Brocas specifies among them, ths farmlv Northfarham, Brokeshead, Beaurepaire, Bradle, and Styvyngton manors, with messuages mills, lands, &c, at Basingstoke, Husseborne, and Stratfield Mortimer. Henry P7. granted, per servi€ debit', to WUliam Brocas, elder son of Sir Bernard Brocas, the manors and other holdings forfeited to the king, of which Sir Bernard had been seized. WUliam Brocas, Esq., 1413, obtained leave to enclose and occupy a way which led from Sherborne Bramley right through his park to SUchester.2 WUliam Brocas was Sheriff of Hants 1428 and 1435. WiUiam Brocas, Esq., the elder, by his wUl of March 4, 1454,. proved 1456 (?), desired that his body should be buried in the Apostle's chapel in the church of St. Andrew, at Sherborne. The executors of his will were his sons, WiUiam and Bernard (ancestor of the Brocas of Alton), the overseer was William WarbUton, Esq. He died seized of the manor and advowson of StyvyngtonT the manors of (1) Bemardus Brdkays et J. Schevele milites alii road from Silchester to Newbury, passing through Tad- quoque pliires aceeperunt similem mortis sortem — that is, ley, with a continuation running to- Pamber ? touching were drawn, hanged, and beheaded for taking part in the which the question has arisen whether or not it be a great conspiracy against the lung. highway. Many of the roads in that part of the country (2) May any part of that road be identified with the are of very remote antiquity. BASINGSTOKE. 261 Beaurepaire and Brosshede, the manor of Northfaram and advowson of its chapel, with two messuages and ten tofts at Basingstoke. Bernard Brocas, of Alton (?), was Sheriff of Hants in 1456. Agnes (Joan?), widow of William Brocas, in 1470, died seized of the manor and Later history of advowson of Stratfield Saye, eight messuages and forty acres at BechehiU in Strath- famiiy- c" fieldsaye parish, Stratfield Mortimer and messuages, lands, mills, &c, held of Basing manor at Stratfield Saye, Hawode, Bromley, Heckfield, and Watsfeud. William, son to William Brocas the elder, married Agnes, daughter to Thomas Bekingham. He died April 22, 1483, and was buried at Smithfield. He was found seized of Stephyngton manor and advowson, a member of Basing stoke hundred, Beaurepayre manor, a member of the manor of Shirburn St. John, North Farham, or Roches Court manor, and six messuages at Basingstoke. In 1484, Agnes, wife first to William Brocas de Bradleigh, and afterwards of Robert Attemore, was returned as seized of the manor of Bradleigh with the advow son of its rectory. Bernard Brocas, who died 1486, and was buried in Sherborne St. John church, married Agnes, daughter and heiress to John Murrell. In his coat he quartered in right of his mother with the Brocas and Roche bearings, the cross raguley of Sandes. John, son to WUliam and Agnes Brocas, who died May 10, 1492, was married first to Anne or Agnes Langford, and afterwards to Anne Rogers. He was sheriff in 1482. John's son, WUliam, died July 7, 1506. His eldest sister is, by one account (how truly I pretend not to discover)-, made co-heir to her father, John. However that might be, Ralph Pexsall, Esq.., married Edith, heiress to her The PexsaUs at father, William Brocas, Esq., and thus Beaurepaire passed to his famUy. Ralph BeaurePaire- and Edith lie buried in the Brocas aisle or chapel of Sherborne St. John church. Their son Sir Richard (died 1571, and buried at Westminster) married twice. His first wife was the Lady Elinor, daughter of Lord Winchester. In the time of Elizabeth, John Rylye, an infant, and his guardian Robert Rylye, sought against Sir Robert Remington, the Lady Elinor his wife, and John Kente, or Kempe, protection of his title to a copyhold held of Beaurepair manor, which had been granted to his brother by Sir John Savage and the said Lady Elinor, then Sir John's wife and lady of the mainor of Beaurepaire. By the marriage of Anne, daughter to the said Richard and Elinor, with Bernard Beaurepaire re- Brocas, of Alton, her fourth cousin twice removed, Beaurepaire passed back to the Brom0faniiy. Brocas family. Their son was Sir PexsaU Broeas, of Beaurepaire. Thomas, son and successor to Sir PexsaU, was the last hereditary master of the buckhounda. He died 1663. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Robert Wingfield. 262 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Robert, son of Robert Brocas, was baptised at Streatham, August 13, 1640. Thomas, second (?) son of Thomas Brocas, married Mary, daughter to PhUip Catelyn, she died February 11, 1693, aged 72. Their son, Thomas, died 1715, aged 66 ; and his wife, daughter and heiress to Edmund Webb, died 1708, aged 48. Memorial of The interesting Brocas aisle, in the church of Sherborne St. John, contains many monuments of the former lords of Beaurepaire. To interpret them rightly, we must remember that Pexsall bore a cross engrailed flory sable between four Cornish choughs (sometimes given as martlets) proper. The Roche coat was sable, two lions passant guardant in pale argent (otherwise two leopards argent armed gules). Brocas bore sable, a lion rampant guardant or. His crest was a Moor's head rayonne, touching which a certain pleasant legend is told. The communion table cloth in use at Sherborne St. John church, August 15, 1686, was the gift of Bernard Brocas and his wife PhUippa. The Vine and The Vine, or Vyne, as it is commonly spelt, must be shortly noticed before we its or s. leave Sherborne. Little is known of it before the sixteenth century, when we find Lord Sandys enlarging an old moated manor house into one of the grandest mansions of which Hampshire could boast.1 For a time it had been held by the Brocas family, perhaps through the marriage of Emlyn Sandes with Bernard Brocas, of Alton, grandson to the Bernard who married Mary Roches. The Sandys Of the Sandys famUy we have already made sundry notices. am y' Sir John de Sandys, in the time of Richard II., was twice Sheriff of Hants and governor of Winchester Castle. Walter Sandys served those offices under Henry IV. and Henry VI. We find WiUiam of Wykeham leaving to his cousin2 Agnes Sandes and her children, £100. She was wife to Walter Sandes (page 171). (1) The enrichment of Sandys of the Vine, through By that will of August 4, 1503, proved the following the Bray alliance, was as follows : — Sir Reginald Bray, November, he left to Edmund (John's son), the great son to Sir Richard, grandson to Edmund Bray, of Eaton part of his lands, with remainder to John's daughter Bray, was receiver-general to Sir Henry Stafford, and Margery, wife of Sir William Sandes, afterwards Lord afterwards to his widow, the Countess of Richmond. On Sandes of the Vine, to whom eventually they came. her marriage to Thomas Earl of Derby, he was trustee of Of Henry Lovell's daughters we find that in 1508, her dowry. With Lord Fitzwalter he was, at the begin- Elizabeth was wife of Anthony Windsor, brother to ning of Henry VII. 's reign, appointed joint chief justice Andrew Lord Windsor, and Agnes was wife of John in eyre of the forests south of the Trent, and held divers Empson. great offices under the king. Nine years afterwards, he Edmund Bray, November 3, 1529, summoned to received a grant for life of the Isle of Wight, Carisbrook parliament as Baron Bray, of Eaton Bray, had a son, Castle, the manors of Swainston, Brinton, Thorley, and John, who died 1557, and seven daughters, of whom six, Wellow, at a yearly rent of £308 6s. id., of which £200 on the death of their brother, became coheiresses. The was paid for the Isle of Wight. first Lord Bray died 1539. Of the said daughters, He used his advantage of wardship over his nieces, Dorothy was married first to Edmund Bray, Lord Elizabeth and Agnes, daughters aud heiresses of Henry Chandos, and secondly to William Lord Knolles, E.G. Lovell (who died April 20, 1501 ; Constance, his wife, From the second daughter, Elizabeth, descended the lady afterwards married Sir Roger Lewkenor), to will that they in whose favour the barony was lately called out of should be married to the two sons of his brother, John abeyance. Bray. (2) One John Warner married Joan, niece, by his BASINGSTOKE. 263 Her father, Thomas Warner, died 1426, seized of a messuage and lands at South Sandes allied ' 7 7 with Warner. Waltham, and a toft with lands called Quabland, at Tychefeld, and, thereupon, as we have seen, Thomas Sandes, son to Walter Sandes and his wife Agnes, made proof that he was of full legal age. John Sandes, as being of the founder's blood, was admitted at Winchester in 1412, and to New College in March, 1415. Sir WiUiam Sandes, of the Vine, son to Peter Sandes, married Edith, daughter to Sir John Cheyney. Sir William Sandes, with Sir Edmond Gorge, Sir William Courtney, Antony Feteplace, Richard Pudsey, and John Husee, were appointed to ride with the French ambassadors in 1492. Sir Edward a Borough upon that occasion, as interpreter, attended the Earl of Essex, who was charged with the reception of the Count de Vendome, the envoy second in rank. Lord Zouche, Sir Thomas D'Arcy, Sir John St. John, and others, attended the king. In 1497, just before his death, Sir William was Sheriff of Hants. We find, in 1510, Sir William and the Lady Margery Sandys presenting Bernard Pope to the living of Faccombe, which he held nine-and-twenty years. Sir WiUiam was Sheriff of Hants in 1511. Sir WUliam Sandes, with Sir Maurice Berkeley, and others, served in the invasion of Brittany under the great Admiral WUliam Fitz William, afterwards Earl of Southampton, in 1520 made Vice-Admiral of England. In that invasion Morlaix was taken, and sundry towns and viUages of Brittany destroyed. Sir WUliam Sandys, Lord Chamberlain of the household to Henry VIII., rebuilt The first Lord the manor house at the Vyne, which he had received from the Brocas family. In tonert country 1524 he was created Lord Sandes of the Vine. lord-" By wUl, of December 8, 1540, he ordered that his body should be buried in Holy Ghost chapel. He died 1541. Thomas, the second lord, by Elizabeth, daughter to George Lord Roos, was father to Henry and Sir Walter Sandes. Walter Sandes was one of the thirty-three Hampshire justices who, in 1585, might write themselves of the quorum? Henry Sandes, of the Vine, married Elizabeth, daughter to WUliam Lord Windsor. After his death, she became wife to Sir George Paulet, of CrondaU, father by her to George Paulet, of Crondall, and GUes Paulet Sir George died 1558. second sister, to William of Wykeham, sister to Edith Francis Walsingham, Sir Roger Manwood, Sir George Ringebone and Agnes Ayno. Carey, Thomas West, Sir John Savage, Sir Henry Another, but erroneous, account makes John Warner Wallop, Sir William Kingsmill, Sir Richard Norton, the first husband of Emma Achemore, and Ringebone the Thomas Gorge, Richard Kingsmill, attorney in the court first of Margery's three husbands. Agnes was mother to of Wards, William Killigrew, Thomas West (the Thomas Warner, Edith to William Ringebone. younger?), Richard Fennis, William Jephson, William (1) Besides others already noticed, his fellows in the Bulkeley, William St. John, John Fisher, of Andover. commission were William West (Lord de la War), Sir Not of the quorum was Richard Whit. 264 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Later history of the Lords Sandys. Colonel Sandys. Later lords of the Vine. Ursula, daughter to Lord Sandes, was married to Thomas Hungerford, of Chelsea, who died 1581. Sir WiUiam Sandys (who died December 9, 1639) married Margaret, daughter and heiress to Walter Culpepper. One of their five daughters, Mistress Culpepper Sandys, was married to Richard Goddard, who (?) died December 7, 1639. Henry's son William, the third lord (he died 1623), was by his first wife Elizabeth, sister to Edward Lord Windsor, father to William the fourth lord (he died November 12, 1629), and by his second to Elizabeth, descended in the fourth degree from the first lord, daughter and sister to the last two Lords Sandes of the Vine. She carried that estate to her husband, Sir Edwyn Sandys1 of Latimer. Colonel Henry Sandys, son to Sir Edwyn and Elizabeth, was a man of whom the pamphlets of his day report sundry iniquities. At Maidstone, so the story runs, he was indicted for a capital offence, and got off through the interposition of Dean Bargrave, whose kindness in 1642 he requited by coming to Canterbury, sending the dean to the Fleet, his son to Dover gaol, and otherwise evU entreating the family. Colonel Sandys married his mother's niece Jane, daughter to Sir WUliam Sandys, of Missenden. As we have seen, he was wounded in the Alresford fight, March 29, 1644, and died of his wounds on April 6. The colonel's son William was in 1661 summoned to parliament as Lord Sandys of the Vine. He died 1668. Henry was so summoned in 1676. On the death of himself and his brothers the barony fell into abeyance among his six sisters and their descendants. They were Hester, married to Humphrey, son to Attorney- General WiUiam Noy; Alathea, to Francis Grofton, of Aldridge; Mary, to Dr. Henry Savage, Master of Balliol, born about 1604, born June 2, 1672 ; Jane, to John Harris, of Old Woodstock ; Margaret to Sir John MU1, of Tatchbury ; and Margery to Sir Edmund Forteseue. The subsequent fortunes of the Vine — how, in 1653, Chaloner Chute,2 Speaker of the Long Parliament, bought the property ; how by the last Mr. Chute it was left to his kinsman, Mr. Lobb, whose mother was daughter to Thomas, Speaker Chute's third son ; and how, after the death of Mr. Lobb's sons, it passed out of the Chute blood to Mr. Wiggett, second cousin to Mr. Lobb's son, William John Chute, of the Vine, knight of the shire, who died December 13, 1824, aged 67 — need not be further noticed. To. the Vine belongs "the most heavenly chapel in the world," in which Horace Walpole played at massing. John Chute, Walpole's friend, was fifth son to Edward, sheriff in 1700, by his (1) Sir Edwyn, belonging to the Furness family, bore or, u fesse dancette between three cross crosslets fitchy gules. He impaled the Sandys of the Vine coat, argent, a cross raguly sable, as borne by Sir Walter Sandes in 154S by Sir William Sandys, K.G., and quartered by Bernard Brocas, who died 1486. Sir Edwyn Sandys it was who introduced Nicholas Farro to Lord Southampton and the other Virginian Company men. (2) Challenor Chute the elder, knight of the shire for Middlesex 1656-9, was the Speaker. In that parliament Challenor Chute the younger sat as burgess for Devizes. Speaker Chute died April 15, 1659. BASINGSTOKE. 265 wife Catherine, widow of Ferdinand Tracy (one of the family of whom the legend tells that since the murder of Becket they always have the wind in their faces) and daughter to Sir Anthony Keck. Edward was second son to Speaker Chute, Anthony Chute, of the Vine, was sheriff in 1725. John Chute, in 1757, succeeded his neighbour, Bernard Brocas, of Beaurepaire, as sheriff. The histories of Sherborne St. John, and the adjoining parish of Monk's Sher borne, have already been incidentally noticed. Suffice it to supplement those notices with a few additional notes. We find on December 22, 1226, the Prior of New Place (near Guildford?) by his attorneys — three canons of his house — appearing before the justices of the King's Bench as plaintiff against the prior of Sherborne, touching the right of advowson to the chapel of Windlesham. Henry III., in 1241, gave Robert de St. John leave to shut up (concludere) Sherborne Schirburne Park within the forest of Pamber, and enclose (includere) Bromlegh Park enclosed. Wood within the bounds of the said forest. Under Robert de St. John, Richard Wastehus held the quarter of a fee in Sireborne. Of the Wastehuse family we have already made some notice. Roger Wastehuse, The Wastehuse with Roger le Mulewer, Edward Makehau, and Richard Heman, was assessor of family' Abbodeston (Abbotston) ninths in 1340 In 1290 the holdings of the prior of Schyreborne were returned as worth at Shireborne £10 13s. Ad. ; Bromleigh, 13s. Wd.; Styvington,ls.; Optone, £1 5s. Of the priory described as Schirbum de Abbatia de Cham, the inventory of Sherborne 1293 thus ran: — Three hundred acres of arable, in the prior's demesne, worth 65s., Priory in 1293- and twenty on the hill, super montana de Schireburn, worth 3s. Ad. ; ten of meadow, 10s. ; six of moor, 3s. ; private pasture, 2s. 6d. ; common pasture, 6s. 8d. ; pannage, 23s. Ad. : sum total, £6 3s. 10a?. The assized rents paid at Michaelmas and Easter of twenty-four tenants came to £22 19s., and their labour done for the lord was reckoned as worth 20s. more, making up a total of £23 19s. Pensions, spiritual dues, and portions came to £57 12s. Thus the whole income of the priory was valued at J87. 14s. 10ft!. The priory live stock consisted in two horses worth a mark each, and four worth each 4s. ; seven plough horses, 28s. ; eleven plough mares, 42s. ; two filUes and a colt, 9s. ; ten good steers, 45s. ; and as many debiles (oxen old or in poor con dition ?), 40s. ; one bull, 4s. ; four cows at 4s. and six at 4s. 6d. each ; four bullocks, 8s.; five heifers, 10s.; one hundred and fifteen sheep, £4 5s. lOd. (10a7. each); ninety-one lambing ewes, 60s. 8d. ; sixty-five lambs, 21s. 8d. ; eight score hogs, £4; twelve smaUer ones, 8s; twenty pigs, 6s. 8d. The sum amounted to £27 4s. 6d. In the priory kitchen were six brazen pots, big and little, worth 20s. ; washing basin and jug, 3s. ; board and tressels (that is, table on legs), 12d. There were two broken carts worth 9s. 8d. VOL. III. MM 266 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The priory chapels. Sherborne ninths. The priory sup, pressed. Sherborne priests. Of corn seed, &c, the prior had great store : wheat enough for forty-three acres, 70s. 8d., at 20a7. the acre; oats for eighty-six acres, £A 6s. ; two acres beans, 3s. Ad. ; seven barley, 10s. 6d. ; one of peas, 12s. ; eighty of vetches, £A ; and thirty-five acres more of bread corn, 35s., at Is. the acre. Sum total £14 7s. 6d. Their priory chapels paid the monks of Sherborne £42, the items being — Upton, a corn rent of nine marks ; Chinham, ten marks ; Schireburn Church, 106s. ; and Bromlegh Church, thirty-six marks. Aldermaston Church was held at farm under the prior by Nicholas Clerk of Heriard. The notice of the value of the priory hay thus runs : — Item fenum, 13s. Ad., residuum inundatum sopped and spoUt Robert atte Bere, John de Herierd, Stephen atte Brome, William le Archer, Richard atte Ostre, and WUliam GUmot, in 1340 assessed the ninths of the parish of Shirebourne Decani (Shirburn Dean's) at £6 17s. 8d. The church was endowed with one messuage, one ploughland, two gardens, pasture, worth yearly 62s. 8d., and 13s. Ad. worth of assized rents. Hay and other smaU tithes, with oblations and mortuaries, came to £6 lis. 6d. by the year. Of Shirburn Monks parish the ninths were valued by John atte Moure, John le White, John Kay, and Nicholas le Bakere, at £4 Is. 10a7. The church was endowed with one ploughland of arable, worth 40s. by the year. Hay and other small tithes, with oblations and mortuaries, came to £73 8s. by the year. By two king's writs there were assigned, instead of the ninths of William TrusseU, 10s., and 43s. 6d. for the ninth of the Prior of Shirbum's land then in the king's hands. I take that William TrusseU to have been the Admiral of the North appointed December 20, 1342. Robert TrusseU was made Admiral of the West, March, 1339. Sherborne Priory was one of the Hampshire religious houses suppressed, or transferred, by statute of 1414. They were those of Andewell (Tyrone), Andover (St. Sauveur), Appelderwell (St. Mary de Montisburg), Carisbrook (Lyre), Elingham St. Sauveur le Vicomte), Hamele (Tyrone), Hayling (Gymeges, or Jumieges), St. Cross Isle of Wight (Tyrone), Selborne and Sherborne (St. Vigor of Cerisy), Strat field saye, really in Berkshire (de Valido monte). Sherborne, as we have seen, was granted to Queen's College, Oxford. Among noteworthy priests of Monk's Sherborne may be mentioned Nicholas Harpesfeld, uncle to the Harpsfelds of New College. He was Prior of Monk's Sherborne, February 2, 1473-4; Rector of East Tisted, by gift of Norton, 1509; Rector of Havant, 1526-7. Of Sherborne St. John priests, Ezekiel Lyon, a French refugee, is memorable. He was Vicar of Sherborne and Rector of Ellisfield. The north side of the vicarage house was rebuilt by him, and the endowment of the living increased. The local records of Sherborne St. John parish commemorate George Beverley (son to Sir George), who died April 14, 1645, and Margaret his wife : she died June 24, 1660. Of their three sons, Henry the eldest was Mayor of Portsmouth in 1678. BASINGSTOKE. 267 Also John Fielding, born April 16, 1607, died April 9, 1672, and Richard Atkyns (brother to Sir Edward), who died 1635. Of church benefactors are mentioned James Spyer, brother to Sir Thomas. He Church bene- factors at Sher- was buried at the south door, which by his wUl (proved 1534) he ordered to be borae st_ j0hn rebuilt, in his lifetime paying the mason for that purpose 20*. in advance. It is otherwise stated that, in 1533, he and his wife Joan rebuUt the south porch. In 1634, Henry Sly made a new pulpit for Sherborne St. John church. At that time was put up the woodwork which supplied the place of the old rood screen. " 0 Chryst, heare us" was its legend. At Sherborne we find ourselves again upon the borders of Pamber, and may notice that, in 1253, Emeric de Sacy1 was returned as seized of the manor of Berton (Barton Stacey, as it is now called), with lands at Pambere and Selborne. It is noteworthy that Pamber was, and still is, reckoned in Berton Stacey Pamber in Barton Stacey hundred. In the assessment of 1334 we find the tithings of the hundred entered as hundred. Bertone (Barton Stacey), £4 17s. 2d. ; Neweton (Newton Stacey), 41s. 8a7. ;8 Sutton (1) Otherwise it is recorded that Emeric de Sacy, in the thirteenth century, held Berton, with its belongings, as one knight's fee by new feoffment. With the manor of Berton went 60s. worth of land in Seleburn. . Walter de Ronesey and Robert le Hout returned two marks as the aid due from Emeric de Sasey on his fee held by old enfeoffment. A like sum was returned as due from Avicia de Columbers on a fee held of Elias de Crok, of which she had only paid one mark. William de Ponte Arche, in like manner, paid 41s. id. on his fee, half fee, and twentieth of a fee, held by old enfeoffment. Further the record runs that they returned the aid due from William de St. John on the fifty-five fees by ancient enfeoffment, held of Adam de Port, at £73 6s. Sd. Of £53 17s. 9d. in the treasury, £41 6s. Sd. was the sum credited to William, leaving a balance due from him of £32. The treasury surplus of £12 lis. Id. was put to the account of Emeric de Sasey, Avicia de Columbers, Willliam de Ponte Arche, and others. In 1221 the Sheriff of Hants was ordered to proclaim that, unless sufficient cause should be shown to the con trary, the day of the market in the manor of Emeric de Sacy de Berton should he changed from Saturday to Friday. We find Richard le Heyward, one of Emeric de Sacy's men (the hayward of his manor, in fact) trespassing against the men of Berton, and thereupon being taken into the custody of the sheriff, until the Constable of Chester and Peter de Bruis having replevied him before the king, at Bedford, he was set free by letter addressed to the sheriff July 10, 1224. By order of August 21, 1226, the sheriff was com manded to postpone to the next county meeting after Michaelmas the settlement to which stood pledged, duel- lum invadiatum, Thomas de Bulindou, plaintiff, and Emeric de Sacy, defendant, of a dispute touching five acres of arable and two of meadow land, with their bi- longings in Berton. The religious house at Lanthony received from Milo Constable, of Gloucester, ecclesiam de Berlun junta Wintoniam cum dimidia hida ad earn pertinentem. In 1037, license was given to the Abbot of Lanthoay by Gloucester of holding the impropriated church of Berton Sacy. Eight years afterwards William Russell obtained leave to enfeoff the Prior of Motisfont in lands at Berton Sacey. We find the right of Lanthony Abbey to the tithes of Newton Stacey noticed in 1480, and the claim to manorial rights at Barton Stacey recognised in 1485. In 1511 the farm of the rectory of Barton Stacey manor was worth to the house £1 7, and a pension brought them £6 6s. Sd. ' We find Roger Huse (son to John), who died 1361, seized of half Berton Sacey. The Vicar of Barton Stacey, one Morgan, was among the sequestered clergy of the Loug Parliament days. On May 8, 1792, there was a great fire at Barton Stacey. Twenty-seven houses were burnt down and much other damage done. On account of the brief issued for the relief of the sufferers by that fire, John May, on June 20, 1720, paid £1 10s., contributed by the parish of Nately Scures. (2) In 1364 Richard Deneby de Lamborne, clerk, with others, enfeoffed the Abbess and Convent of Wherwell in lands at Middelton by Wherwell and Neweton Sacy. We find in the return of 1541 Wherwell Abbey entered as holding at Drayton, in Barton Stacey, & pension of 10s., assized rents at Hettefylde and Bromeley, worth £1, and lands at Hetkefylde worth 6s. Sd. M M 2 268 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. (Scotney),1 £4 lis. Id. ; Wordy Regis, 63s. 8d. ; Wordy Mortemer, 26s. 8d. ; Colemere and Dene (Prior's Dean), 40s. 6d. ; Pambre (Ineshurst) Hame, 29s. Ad. The modern hundred includes the tithings of Barton Stacey, Bransbury (Newton Stacey has rights in Bransbury common), Drayton, and Newton Stacey (all in Barton Stacey parish), the parishes of Colemere, Prior's Dean, Headbourn Worthy, King's Worthy (except the tithing of Abbot's Worthy), and Pamber, with the Wonston2 tithing of Sutton Scotney, and the Banghurst3 tithings of Innhurst and Ham. Early in the reign of Henry III., soon after the mandate de castro de Porchestre prosternendo, a royal order was given de foresta Frigidi Mantell et de Pembere. Tamber Forest; In 1281 complaint was made that seven acres of Pamber Forest had been assarted. In 1300 the Abbot of Hide obtained leave to cut down his wood of Michedewe within Pamber Forest. Andrew, son and heir to John Bassett, died 1363, seized of lands and tenements at Pambere, in Pamber Forest. —and manor. In Winchester Museum are preserved two curious pieces of wood belonging to the manor of Pamber in Hurst and Hamme; one is of date 1747, the other of 1816. Tt appears that in 1816 the parties to the manorial court were the free franchisers and suitors of the manor, the Dean and Canons of Windsor, the Mayor and Corpora tion of Basingstoke, Wither Bramston, Esq., Mrs. Harriet Brown, and others. In 1747 the executors of the Duke of Bolton were among the franchisers. The ancient custom was to drive the common of the manor twice a year, on the Mondays after Hock Monday and Michaelmas. All waifs, strays, felons' goods, &c, within the manor, its coppices, and its commons, belonged to the parishioners. Every freeholder was, for burning within the limits of the manor, entitled to cut 2,000, and every inhabitant not a freeholder 1,000, turves. The court appointed the manorial hayward and tithing man. Returning to Sherfield we cannot pass through Bramley without noticing that in the fourteenth century thereabouts there dwelt some members of a family of (1) In 1 260 Mabilia de Scoteney died seized of half the the exempted ninths of the queen were vajied at 53s. id., manor of Sutton, parcel of the manor of Crowhurste, those of John at 12d. held of the honour of Hastings. We otherwise find it In 1335 we find the manor of Sutton Scotney re stated that she held half a knight's fee in Sutton. turned amongst the lands of Isabella de Hastynges. In 1322 Edmund de Sutton enfeoffed Walter de Sutton Scotney, belonging to Southwick priory, was, Bertun, the parson of Wykham Church, in the manor of 1540, worth in assized rents lis., rents of customary Sutton Scotneye. tenants £5 0s. 3d., farm of the manor £5 6s. Sd., court John de Scoteney was guardian of John de Suttone, a dues lOd. Among other holdings farmed out by the minor, heir to William de Suttone. In his right he held canons was Preston Candover rectory, at £6, and that of at Estederlegh (East Titherley) and Motesfunte certain Nutley at £i 6s. Sd. yearly rent. lands exempted by the king's brief from the taxation of (2) It seems that Sutton chapel was an appendage to the ninths in 1340. Queen Philippa enjoyed a like Wonston rectory. exemption. The said ninths, which otherwise would (3) The assessors of Bagehurst (Banghurst) parish in have been due from the Queen and John de Scoteney at 1 340 were John de Fynlye, Robert de Bagehurst, Richard Mottisfont, were valued at 33s. id. At East Titherley de Hamme, and John Innehurst. BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 269 Hampshire yeomen,1 which well into the seventeenth century maintained the ancient rank held by their forefathers for centuries past, as wealthy freeholders of the soil, who had never aspired to the distinction or been burdened with the obligations of gentry. In 1340 the assessors of Bromlegh parish were Hugh Belle, Gilbert Fabian, John Bramiey in atte Mere, and Stephen Tuny.2 They valued the ninths at £7. The endowment of the church consisted in one messuage, a garden, dovecot, wood, pasture, and rents, worth yearly £9 lis. 3d. Hay and other small tithes, with oblations and mortuaries, came yearly to £11 13s. 6a7. Among the worthies of Bramiey may be noticed Thomas, son to Gabriel Shaw. Bramiey wor- He was born at Kendal ; took his M.A. January 16, 1719 ; in 1740 became Principal of St. Edmund's Hall and Vicar of Bramiey. There was a controversy between him and Richard Pocock on the subject of his travels. He was buried in Bramiey Church. Joseph Browne (M.A. November 4, 1724), the Provost of Queen's, wrote his epitaph. His successor, George Fothergill, was one of the seven sons of Henry Fothergill, a Westmoreland statesman, by Elizabeth his wife. He was born December 31, 1705, at Lockholme, in Ravenstonedale, there taught at a school founded by a Fothergill, thence went to Kendal Grammar School, and thence to Oxford. October 17, 1751, he became Principal of Edmund Hall, and Vicar of Bramiey. He died October 5, 1760. Brumelai is one of the Hampshire boroughs of Domesday Book. It had passed Bramiey a from Aluric to Hugh de Port. Aluric had power of alienating his holding, which Book manor. was rated at five hides, and valued at 100s. Afterwards it was valued at £7; and in 1084, was rated at two hides and a half, and valued at £9, but assessed at £12. There were twelve ploughlands of arable, two of them in demesne, fourteen villeins, fourteen bordmen with eleven teams, a church, eight slaves, two mills worth 20s., two acres of meadow, wood for fourscore hogs, and three burgesses paying a rent of 22a7. Returning by Sherfield Green we may notice the Stratfields and Hartley Westpall, and then find our way back to Basing Mill. Sherfield was at one time supposed to belong to Odiham manor. Thus, in 1273, the men of Sherfield alleged for themselves against John and Amicia de Wyntreshull, that they held their lands in ancient demesne as parcel of the manor of Odiham, and, (1) It must be remembered that not longer ago than neither case was it known by what service the land was the time of George II. the wealthy and old descended held. English yeoman was held in such honour, that from his Peter Tnrry was in 1340 an assessor of the ninths of class not unfrequently was chosen the high sheriff of the White Waltham parish, in Reading deanery. Other county. (Thus, Richard Milnes of Aldercar, yeoman, Hampshire names which occur as those of assessors of was Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1720.) The class has not ninths in Berks are John atte Belle, John atte Hawe, disappeared, hut it has assumed a higher designation. and Robert le Marchant (Finchampstead) ; John Here- (2) In the thirteenth century one Hugh de Turri held ward, William le Engleys, William and Adam Frend in villa de Munestok, by new enfeoffment, 40s. worth (Binfield) ; Henry Braybef (Alderman ston) ; Richard de of land, as did Ferantns Balistarius 100s. worth. In Venor, Ricnard Belle (Stratfield Mortimer). 270 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Wintreshull at Sherfield. Warbleton at Sherfield. therefore, were not subject to any services not customary when the manor belonged to the king's predecessors. The claim of " ancient demesne " at once sends us back to Domesday Book, wherein we find but one Sherfield mentioned, which may be identified with Sherfield English, rather than with Sherfield on Loddon.1 Further it appears by the case tried before Walter de Merton that John Wyntre- shuU, and his wife Amicia, had granted to John de Carete, and fourteen other men of Shirefeud, certain holdings on condition of receiving for themselves and their heirs 9s. charged on half a yardland of the grant as modus for pannage and all services and dues, the rights of the church and the king's service with heriots and reliefs only excepted. With the land the lords had granted a common right for as many beasts as the tenants could look after in the pasture known as Shirefeud and La Breche. The complainants confessed that they had encroached upon then: lord's park, and gave up the land they had there unlawfuUy occupied. They admitted also that they were bound twice a year, at Michaelmas and Easter, to do suit and service at their lord's courts. It was decided by the justices that John and Amicia should, that or the next year, grant to John de MiU and his heirs, at a rent of 4s., the field known as Langfarlang (Long Furlong) with a moor and the meadow lying at the extreme part of Shirefield. They were also to give up to John the fuU right of fishing in the part of the Loddon running alongside of his land, contra terram suam, and common in the fishing of Shirefield and Breche. Under Richard de Anesya2 (whose superior lord was Robert de St. John) Robert de Anesya held a knight's fee at Sirefield. At that time Peter de Anesye and others, participes, held in common at Werlclham under Herbert Fitz Peter half a knight's fee. We have elsewhere noticed that, 1319 and 1327, John de Warbleton held Shirefield by a grand serjeanty of so disreputable a kind as hardly to deserve the name. The tenure of his predecessor in the manor (in 1272) was of a kindred but stUl baser form. He may be identified with the John de Warbleton who, in 1339, owed the service of one hobler for land worth twenty marks which he held at Warbleton in the rape of Hastings. (1) The others were Houston (Houghton), with three burgesses, Sumburne (King's Sombourne) nine, Thuinam (Christchurch), thirty-one, and Wincestre (Winchester) fourteen, making sixty burgesses in all. (2) Under John de Port, in the time of Henry II., Richard de Anesye held one knight's fee. The other holders of knights' fees under John de Port were, besides those already noticed, Herbert Fitz Herbert, Hugh de Chernet, 3 ; Richard de Avene and Tibesley, 2 ; Ralph de Lingiem-e, 1 ; Baldwin de Portsea, 2 ; Richard de Stratton, 1 ; William de Westbury, 2 ; William Fitz-Kalph, 2 ; Alexander de Herrierd and Henry Fitz-William, 1 ; Roland (?) de Mattingley, 2 ; Henry Fitz-Ruald, 2 ; Alan de Percy, 1 ; William de Kingeham, 1 ; William Malet, 5 ; William Fitz-Philip, 3 ; Roger Fitz- Tanered and his grandson (?) Henry, 2; Robert de Coldre, 1 ; William de Popleshale, 1 ; William de Peling, 1 ; Stephen de Noriston, 1 ; Manser Arsic, 1. All those fees had been held in like manner in the time of Henry I. Of new enfeoffment Adam de St. Menevent held one knight's fee, and William Fitz-Adain another. Further, John de Port returns that of ancient enfeoff ment Robert de Bunster tenet feodum II. militum, sed non per me de meofeodo and Ricardus de Humet I. mil: quern michi diffbrciatum (so Hearne reads the passage). Ad ; de Port i BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 271 In 1368 John de Warbleton received grant of free warren in Shirefield manor, Basingtoke, Stratfield Turgis, Bramiey, and Botteler Candeversden? In 1375 John de Warbulton, and his wife Katerina, were returned as seized of John Warble- ton. revenues from Schirfelde manor. Again, Katerina, wife to John, son of John Warbleton, was, in 1403, returned as seized of the manor and advowson of Warbelton, held under the barony of Hastings, a messuage and ploughland at Chinham, a messuage and ploughland at Preston Candever, a messuage and sixty acres at Basingstoke, a messuage, forty acres of arable, and four of meadow, at Stratfield Turgeys, held under the manor of Heckfield, and at Heysull (Hazely) four acres of waste and assart in the heath of Sherfield manor. To William Warbleton was, in 1456, granted in fee the place of constable of William War- Odiham Castle, and warden of Odiham forest, with the fees vadia thereto belonging. In 1468 William Warbleton, Esq., died seized of the manors of Butler Candever and Preston Candever, holdings at Cherfeld, Odyham, Basinge, and Flexland, a messuage at Chynham, Basingstoke, and lands at Kingsclere, Wodeland, and EchenesweUe. Margaret, wife, first, to Sir P. Besil, afterwards to William War belton, was returned as seized, in 1484, of Shirfield manor, the market and manor of Odiham, the manor of Chynham, a member of Basing manor, and a messuage and lands at Basingstoke. bleton. (1) Candever's dene is of course simply the Candover valley. Part of it was held by the Abbot of Hyde, and under him we find, in the thirteenth century, one Herbert Butler (Pincerna) holding at Candevre one hide, for which he paid a mark, three hides at Northampton (Northing- ton) at 4s., a yardland at Weston at 5s. By knight's service the said Herbert held three hides under the abbot, that is, three-fifths of a knight's fee. In 1340 the assessors of Abbot (or Brown) Candaver were John de Donstaple, Henry and John de Marlebergh, and John le Buteler. William le Buteler, with John Totteford, Philip and Stephen de Mucheldevre, William Boveiate, and Richard Bordene,in 1340, assessed the ninths of Mitcheldever parish. Other notices of the Butler who left his name to pari of the Candover country occur in the records of the four teenth century. Of his lord, the abbot, it may be here further noticed that he held, by old enfeoffment, two kuight's fees in Candevre and Wodemanecole, and half a fee more in Candevre. Amongst the abbot's vassals were, the heads of the great De Port family. At Candever Abbots, under Robert de St. John, Henry (Robert?) de Tregoz held half a fee. Further back Adam de Port held by knight's service, under the Abbot of Hyde, six fees. Nor were they the only great Hampshire lords who owed service to the abbot. Among his servants by knight's service were Peter Fitz-Herbert, two knights ; Henry le Frye, a fifth and twentieth; Roger de Fraxino and Hugh de Wyngeham each a fifth ; Agnes de Popham, four-fifths ; Philip de Toteford and William de Draiton each two-fifths. The lord of Beneham, in respect of two of his three fees, owed the abbot two-fifths of a knight's service. On his own account the abbot owed the king the service of four kuights and a half. Among the abbot's free tenants, in the thirteenth cen tury, Richard de Cufaude held half a yardland in Stratton at 3s. rent in full of all service, and in like manner, at 21 d., three acres in Mucheldever. (Let me here add in addition to the notes on the family, page 233, and elsewhere, that Henry Cusande of Cusande, Esq., was one of the Hampshire landowners who refused the oaths in 1715. His estate was returned at £270 9s. lid. In the list of the recusants was his neighbour Anne Hyde, of Hartley Waspall, £189. The estate of Mary Hyde, of Hyde End, in Brimpton, was returned at £124 10s., that of John Hyde £24 15s.) Another free tenant of 'the abbey, who held at Michel dever one yardland, and a croft at a rent of 5s. in full of all service, was Osbert Duket. His name still survives in Hampshire. In like manner Nicholas Cook held in Micheldever half a hide for 1 0s. , Sd. Henry Acharde, at Wertinge, one hide for 10s. and Geoffrey Achard one yardland for 5s. 272 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Puttenham at Sherfield. Christmas at Sherfield. In the sixteenth century we find the Puttenham family (to which belonged the poet1) settled at Sherfield. Robert Puttenham was father to Sir George of Sherfield, whose son (by his second wife) Robert succeeded him at Sherfield, and of whose daughters three were married to Hampshire gentlemen of note ; Dorothy to Thomas Oxenbridge of St Mary Bourne and Hurstbourne ; another Dorothy to Thomas Dabridgcourt ; and Anne to John Norton of Tisted. Of Robert's children, Richard, his heir, married Anne, daughter and heiress of William Warham of Malshanger,2 son to Hugh and nephew to the famous Arch bishop. George married the widow of Lord Windsor. Puttenham bore argent, around a stork sable, eight (or ten) cross crosslets fitchy of the second. We find in the time of Elizabeth, George Puttenham proceeding against Thomas More, WUliam Crosse, William and Katharine Eelys for protection of his title by purchase to certain lands in Shirfield parish conveyed to him by More, with a covenant for further assurance. WUliam Christmas of Shirfield, gentleman, who died December 23, 1697, aged 68, married EUzabeth, daughter to Sir Thomas Aldis. She died August 7, 1708, aged 77. James Christmas, Esq., who died February 4, 1735-6 (his wUl dates from the preceding May 21), aged 78, left an endowment for Sherfield school and other charities. There is a curious letter extant written by Knight Burroughs of Sherfield to George Selwyn,3 in which he first exhorts his correspondent to give up gaming ; and then goes on to explain his own difficulties, stating his fear that he must leave Sherfield, as his father, though reconcUed to him, would not give him money. He could wait for his father's death, who would leave him £2,000, were it not that he owed £30 at Oxford, and £100 for the furniture of his house. We are now skirting the boundaries of the Stratfields. The large tract of open country called from the Roman road running across it, the Street-field was, before the Conquest, divided into six portions. By far the largest portion in the time of the Confessor belonged to Bundi ; and in 1084 was held by the north country lord, Hugh Fitz Baldur. On his manor stood a church. The smaller portions of Stradfelle were held by Ralph de Mortimer4 successor to Cheping ; Gilbert de BreteuU, successor to one Edward and Aluric, who, under Hugh de Port, held the (1) Puttenham's "Arte of English Poesie," was pub lished without his name. Richard Field, in his dedication to Cecil, dated May 28, 1589, says, " This booke com- ming to my handes, with his bare title, without any authbnrs name or any other ordinarie addresse." (2) Although Malshanger has long ago passed from the Warhams, there still lingers in the parish the name and the tradition that its bearer's ancestors at one time held large possessions thereabouts. Two portraits of the great Archbishop, one of them now at Kensington, the other in the Louvre gallery, are among the best of Holbein's genuine remains. (3) A great nephew of George Selwyn is one of the officers of Winchester gaol. (4) Ralph de Mortimer held of the king, in 1084. the manor of Stradfelle in Mantesbnrg hundred, formerly held by Cheping. In the Confessor's time it was assessed at five, but in 1804 at one hide. Its arable land amounted BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 273 portion which had been his own in the time of King Edward, together with two Stradfelle manors, formerly belonging to Godric and Siward, which he had occupied without warrant. Aluric's portion of Stradfelle may probably be identified with the modern Straf- field Turgis next to Hartley Westfield. In the time of the Conqueror certain persons alleged that Stradfelle (Stratfield - saye?) was appended to the royal manor of Swallowfield, but the allegation was disallowed by the Hundred. For no other Hampshire Stratfield does it appear that the privilege of ancient demesne was ever asserted. Very early in the reign of Henry II. we find Nicholas de Stuttevill, a large stuttevill at Hampshire landholder, returned as receiving from Turstin, the sheriff, 20s. worth of StratfieId- land in Stratfelde. We find again, in the thirteenth century, John de Stutevill paying two marks towards the king's aid for his land in Stratfield, the modern Strathfieldsaye. From the contemporary record we learn that Robert de Say held under John de Say at strat- Stotevill1 a fee at Syrefeld by old enfeoffment. We find that Margaret, daughter to Richard (or Hugh ?) de Say by his wife Mabilia, was, in 1215, wife to Robert de Mortimer. She was afterwards married to William de Stutevill ; who, in 1220, paid the king two palfreys for liberty of making her his wife. Otherwise it appears that Hugh de Say, who was alive in 1194, left by his wife Lucia (daughter to Walter de Clifford) one daughter, married to Hugh de Ferrers, who, dying before 1211, left a daughter Margery. In 1228 William de StuteviUe2 held some twenty-three fees which had belonged to Hugh de Say. Of the great De Say family there are many notices in the annals of the thirteenth century. Geoffrey de Say3 was one of the five-and-twenty barons, Robert de Veer, Earl of to five ploughlands, two in demesne, with four villeins, Roger Attegrene, Henry Brim, William Russel, and nine bordmen, and one team. There were six slaves and William Wain. two acres of meadow. In the time of the Confessor the He was again summoned to appear before the justices manor had been worth £12. Thence it went down to in the fortnight after Trinity. £10, and in 1084 was worth only £6. (1) The said John de Stotevill held at Oeling the As we have seen, the west < portion of Stratfield Mor- fourth part of a knight's fee by ancient enfeoffment. timer still belongs to Hampshire. In the thirteenth cen- Under him it was held by Robert de Gray, and under tury Ralph de Mortimer held it as half a fee at Stratfield Robert by John de Jerdling, Nicholas de Rupping, and by ancient enfeoffment. John the parson of La Dene. In October, 1280, William de Giselham, as the king's (2) William de Stutevill is, by one account, made attorney, disputed Roger de Mortimer's claim of free brother to Roger, son to Osmund, nephew to Robert, warren in his demesnes of Stratfield Mortimer, held by his grandson to Robert the elder, and great-grandson to family, so he alleged, ever since the Conquest. The sheriffs Robert the eldest de Stutevill. of Hants and Berks received orders to summon all The same account makes William father to Robert, parties in the cause to attend the justices at Exeter for the whose son John was father of Robert de Stutevill (he examination of Roger's claim. died 1306), who by his wife Elinor was father to John de Roger did not attend as summoned, whereupon a writ Stutevill, who died 131 2. of personal distress was issued against him. He was (3) It appears by one account that William de Say, bailed out, or rather mainprised, by Nicholas de la Flood, who married Beatrice, sister to Geoffrey and daughter to VOL. III. N H 274 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Oxford, was another, appointed to see that the king observed the provisions of Magna Charta. In the time of Henry III. an inquiry was made whether it would be to the hurt of the king's forest of Pamber that William de Say should be aUowed to enclose with hedge and ditch and empark his wood of Hangre, within the bounds of the forest. The return of the inquest being satisfactory, in 1261 leave was given to William de Say to empark his wood of Hangre lying within the bounds of Pamber forest. For the license he was to pay the king yearly at Eastertide ten marks of sUver. In 1276 Robert de Say was returned as seized of Strafeld Say and Bremdith manors, with an assart in Pambre forest. Four years afterwards the Sheriff of Hants was ordered to let Robert Say occupy for the waste year and day during which, as an escheat, they were in the king's hands, the lands and tenements at Shirefeud, lately held by Reginald de Rus, hung for felony, as well as his goods and chattels, taking from the said Robert proper security that the king should sustain no damage. We find WUliam de Say, 1293, and his son Geoffrey de Say, 1307, claiming against the king the wardship of Roger, son to Adam de Bavent De Say sue- Sibilla, daughter to Thomas de Saye, was mother to Elizabeth, who, by her bridgcourt. marriage with Sir Nicholas D'Abrichecourt, Esquire of the Body to Edward III., Constable of Nottingham Castle and Keeper of Sherwood Forest, carried Strathfield- saye into his family. The history of the Dabridgcourts prior to their obtaining the lordship of Strat- fieldsaye cannot be entered into at length in these pages. Amongst those to whom, on May 31, 1224, the king ordered certain payments to be made from the exchequer were Walter de Abbrichecourt, unum samitum et octo pannos sericos, a legacy left him by the Earl Marshal ; Emeric de Sacy was to receive sen pannos sericos. Of the more interesting incidents in the history of the family, none is better known than that of the marriage of Eustace de Dabridgecourt with a nun on Michaelmas Day, 1320, and the subsequent penance to which he and his wife were sentenced. The Dabridgcourt blood passed into many of the best houses of the land — amongst others the Mansels of Glamorganshire. William de Maundevile, Earls of Essex, was father to death of her nephew William de Mandevile, Earl of William (whose daughters were married, Beatrice to Essex, was adjndged his heir in preference to the earl's Geoffrey Fitz-Piers, and Maud to William de Boclaud), own sister Alice, wife to John de Lacy. and Geoffrey, whose son Geoffrey married Alice, sister We have already seen that the family in whom after - and co-heir to Walkelin Mannmont, great grandson of wards was vested the lordship of Say were Hampshire Gilbert Manimot, a follower of the Conqueror. Their landowners. In 1477, Margaret, wife of John Herry, sou Geoffrey, by Alice, daughter to John de Cheyney, and widow of William Fenys, Lord de Say, was returned was father to William, whose son Geoffrey was father as seized of the manors of Asche, Bene, Quidhampton, to another Geoffrey, father to William de Say. Hall, and Chyrche Okeley. The Fiennes family were Beatrice, wife to the first-mentioned William, on the connected with many Hampshire houses. BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 275 On May 18, 1361, Elizabeth, widow of Thomas St. Leger, was returned as holding the manor of Strathfieldsaye. Nicholas Dabrichcourt, who bore ermine, three bars gules, was Sheriff of Hants in 1389. In 1407 Sir John Dabridgecourt was naturalised. At the same time was naturalised John, born in Italy, son to the famous Sir John HaukevUl. In 1427 Sir John Dabrichcourt died seized of twelve tenements at BechehuU Dabridgcourt parcel of Strathfieldsaye manor, and twelve acres at Wikingsfield, belonging to saye. Stratfield Mortimer.1 His son John in that year proved himself of full age. The inquest held 1466 upon the death of John Dabrichcourt found that he was not seized of any lands or tenements in Hampshire. In 1475 Thomas Daubridgcourt proved himself of full age. It would be superfluous to follow more fully the fortunes of the Dabridge- courts ; suffice it to note that Thomas, son to Nicholas by his wife Alice, daughter and co-heir of Sir Thomas Delamare, of Aldermaston,2 was father to Thomas, who married Dorothy, daughter to George Puttenham, of Sherfield. His son Thomas was father to George Dabridgecourt, who married the daughter of Richard Norton, and died February 26, 1558-9, seized, as appeared by the inquisition held at Andover May 23, of the manor and advowson of Stratfield Saye, held by knight's service as one fee and a rent of 3s. Ad., a messuage and 104 acres at Bramiey, known as Bell's, one mUl and seventy acres at Bramiey, then held in dower by Richard Audeley and his wife Elizabeth, one capital messuage and thirty acres at Stratfield Turgis, and Swallow- field, twelve messuages and 184 acres held at Stratfieldsaye under Lord Winchester. Of Sir George Dabridgcourt, lord of Strathfieldsaye, there were two sons ; Thomas, the younger, married as his second wife Barbara, daughter to WUliam Fisher,3 of Chilton Candover. (1) We have already seen how the Mortimer and Forster of Aldermaston bore sable, a chevron engrailed Dabridgecourt lands were mixed up together. For further between three arrows argent; and as quarterings gules, two example it may be noted that at this time among the lions passant in pale argent for Delamar ; or, a bend Mortimer possessions were holdings at Schuprye Magna, fusilly sable for A chard; argent, on a chief gules, two Heghfelde, lands and tenements at Fayreland Burbache- bucks' heads caboshed or, Popham ; argent, a cross raguly land, Crouchehouse, and Shalderfordland, a mill and sable, Sandes ; vair three bends gules, Bray ; argent, rents at Waterford in Bromley, and a tenement known as crusuly sable, a chevron ermines between millrinds of the Cokesleine at Stratfeld say. second, Kingsmill. (2) We have already seen that of Peter Delemar, of (3) A family allied with some of the best houses in Nonney Castle, one of the three daughters was married Hampshire. Thus Margery, daughter to John Fisher, of to William Pawlet, who died 1435, father to John who Chilton Candover, was third wife of William Wallop, of married Constance, daughter to Sir John Poynings. Weld, whose sister Rose was married to Sir Walter The heiress of Aldermaston was married to Sir George, Lambert, whose half-brothers were Sir Henry and Richard son to Sir Humphrey Forster, by his wife, one of the Wallop, and whose father Sir Oliver, of Farley, brother god-daughters of Sir Stephen Popham, of Faringdon to Sir John Wallop, K.G., was son to Stephen Wallop, Popham. Sir George was father to Sir Humphrey, by his wife, the daughter of Edmund Ashley, of Wimborne married to Elizabeth, daughter to William, Lord Sandys St. Giles. Stephen Wallop's brother Richard married of the Vine. Sir Humphrey, in 1541, was made keeper Elizabeth Hamton, of Old Stoke. His sisters were of Freemantle Park, and afterwards steward of Stratfield Margery, wife to John Kirby, of Stanbridge, and Mortimer. Both offices he held for life. Margaret, wife to John Vaux, of Odiham. 276 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Sir Thomas, aged 13 at the time of his father's death, married Margaret, daughter of a London alderman. He was Sheriff of Hants 1583, and died November 3, 1614, seized, as appeared by the inquisition held at Basmgstoke the foUowing June 27, of the manors of Stratfieldsaye, Beech Hill, &c. Sir Thomas left several chUdren, of whom Henry was aged 30 at his father's death. He died June 19, 1629, seized, as appeared by the inquisition of October 8, of the manor of Stratfieldsaye, &c. He left two sons — George, then 30 years of age, and Thomas Carew. Thomas, brother to Henry and younger son of Sir Thomas, was twice married ; first to Catharine Leggatt, she died 1607, and was buried in Candover church; secondly to Elizabeth, daughter of William Fisher, of Chilton Candover. George, son to Mr. Thomas Daybridgcourt (of Preston Candover), was baptised at CamberweU, September 6, 1630. Thomas Dabridgecourt was lieutenant-colonel, and under Colonel Howard, Deputy- Governor of Malmesbury. His daughter Elizabeth was baptised there November 6, 1643. From the Dabridgecourts Strathfieldsaye passed to the Pitts. The Pitts at Of the Pitts the first to be noticed is John, Clerk to the Exchequer, whose son trat e saye. g-r -i.y^iam, Comptroller of the Household, was in 1604 — he was then described of Dorsetshire — made a gentleman by the grant, through WUliam Camden, of the coat sable, a f esse cheeky argent and azure between three bezants. He was knighted at New markets in 1618, bought Stratfieldsaye of Henry Dabridgcourt, there died and was buried May 29, 1636, aged 77. The connection of his family with Hampshire has already been incidentally noticed. Amongst other lands it appears they held Hartley Westpall,1 WUliam Pitt of that place being second son to old Sir William. William's elder brother Edward, who died 1643, was buried at Strathfieldsaye. His son George, of Strathfieldsaye, married Jane, daughter to John Savage, Earl Rivers, and widow of George Lord Chandos. George's younger brother John married Catharine, daughter to Nicholas Venables, of Andover (page 178). Gecrge Pitt. George Pitt, of Stratfieldsaye, holding lands worth £4,000 by the year, was set down on the list of gentlemen to be made Knights of the Royal Oak. Amongst others so honoured were Sir Anthony Cope (£4,000 yearly), Major Edward Cooke (£1,500), WUliam Waller (£1,000), Sir Humphrey Bennet (£1,000), William Wall, of Crondall (£1,000), Henry Cooke the younger (£1,000), and Sir Henry Titchborne, of Titchborne (£1,000). In 1659 there was a survey of the Stratfieldsaye timber, by which it appeared that (besides some 10,000 trees not taken into the reckoning) there was wood worth £10,300. Timber to the value of £5,600 was afterwards sold, and £1,200 worth or more (1) Abigail, daughter and eventually heiress to WiUiam His first wife was Anne, daughter and co-heiress to John Pitt, of Hartley Westpall, was second wife to Ralph Rivers. By her he had two children, of whom John was Lord Stawell. Their eldest son, William, was born 1681. born 1662. BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 277 felled for repairs, &c. Nevertheless, another survey in 1677 gave the timber on the estate as worth £21,000, besides some eight or nine thousand trees not reckoned in the estimate. The pasture and arable land was very little injured by the timber, which was almost all hedgerow oak. George Pitt died July 23, 1694. His son George died February 28, 1734, and George Pitt the was buried at Stratfieldsaye (Stinsford by some accounts, but see Hutchin's " Dorset "). y°imser- He was knight of the shire 1702, 1710, 1714. We find him in 1722 preferring to the rectory of Pimperne his kinsman Christopher Pitt, of some reputation in the last century as a poet — born in 1699 at Blandford, where his father was a physician.1 His son George, who died October, 1745, was father to the first George Pitt, Lord Rivers, who died May 20, 1776. Strathfieldsaye was part of the reward given to the Duke of Wellington for his strathfieldsaye services in the great war. It is held of the crown (the precedent of the gift of trLuLke"16 Blenheim to the Duke of Marlborough being followed) by the service of presenting to the king yearly, on the anniversary of the battle of Waterloo, a tri-coloured flag. There is a country-side story how, upon one occasion, the necessity for the ceremony was forgotten till late in the day, and the estates thereby put in jeopardy of forfeiture. Of the great Duke there meet us everywhere reminiscences at Strathfieldsaye. If we approach the park by Turgis 2 (the part of Stratfield anciently held by the family of that name) we come to the " Wellington Arms," kept by the family of John Carter, who followed the Duke through his later campaigns. Passing onward, we enter the park near the ruins of that magnificent tree lately struck by lightning, and presently come in view of the house and church. There is nothing very interesting in Strathfieldsaye house and park, taken apart from its connection with its late illustrious lord. The old church was in the last century pulled down by Lord Rivers. He put up strathfieldsaye upon another site the existing monster of ecclesiastical ugliness, and built near it the parsonage house. In 1340, when the ninths of Stratfeld Say were returned at £3 12s. 2d., the endow- (1) From that branch of the Pitts the Lowths were 1752 he married Mary, daughter to Lawrence Jackson, maternally descended, through the marriage of Margaret, of Christchurch: she died March 14, 1803. The daughter of Robert Pitt, of Blandford, to William Lowth, rectory of Ovington, by gift of Bishop Hoadley, was his rector of Buriton, son to William Lowth, a London apo- first preferment in the county, followed in 1750 by the thecary, and grandson to Simon Lowth, Rector of Tilehurst archdeaconry, and in 1753 the rectory of East Woodhay. He was born at St. Martin's, Ludgate, September, 1661, His connection with Winchester and New College, his went to school at Merchant Taylors', thence to St. John's. appointment in 1741 to the Oxford poetry professorship In 1699 was given, by. Bishop Mew, the rectory of in succession to Whitfield, the successor of Speuce, with Buriton; in 1732 was, through a sermon preached at his later preferments and advancement to the episcopal Petersfield, drawn into a controversy with one John bench, must not now be further noted. Norman, a Portsmouth Nonconformist, wrote the com- (2) Of the portion of the Streetfield once held by the mentary which forms part of the well-known Patrick, Turgis family, suffice it to note that in 1340 the assessors Lowth, Arnold, and Whitby folios, died May 17, 1732, of the ninths of the parish were William Yonge, John and was buried south of the chancel in Buriton church- Turgis, Ralph Craft, and Walter deFarle. They returned yard. them at 40s., and the value of the church as sufficing His son Robert was born November 27, 1710. In only for the maintenance of a chapel priest. church. 278 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Stratfieldsayepriory. Value of the priory stock. ment of the church consisted in a messuage, garden, twenty acres arable, two of meadow, and rents worth 29s. 2d. Hay and other small tithe, with oblations and mortuaries, came yearly to 18s. 8d. The assessors were Richard Godard, William de Nyweman, Stephen de Hastinge, John Parys, Simon Crapald (Cuffold?), and Nicholas Blaunchard. Among the benefactions left by wUl of John Fromond were a noble towards maintaining the fabric of the church, and a mark in gift to his poor tenants at Strathfieldsaye. A Uttle more than the fourth part of Stratfieldsaye parish belongs to Berks. There, at Beech HU1,1 stood the old priory.2 The Benedictine priory of Stratfieldsaye held the church of St. Leonard and the neighbouring waste by gift (about 1170) of Nicholas de StotvUle to the Norman abbey of his foundation, known as VaUemont, Walmond, de VaUdo Monte, &c, to which abbey the priory was a cell. In 1293 the Prior of Stratfeld Say held in demesne within the monastery close a messuage with dovecot, worth 6s. 8a7. by the year ; one hundred acres of arable at 3d. the acre, worth 25s. ; seven of meadow, 8s. 9a7. ; six of underwood, fit only to make ploughs and carts, 18a7. From seven free tenants holding two yardlands the prior received in Michaelmas and Midsummer payments 35s. 9a7. by the year. From Stratfield Say church every Michaelmas he received a pension of 71s. 8a7. His whole revenue came to £7 4s. Ad. It further appears that the priory live stock consisted in three cart mares, six colts, worth 33s. 6d. ; eight plough oxen, 18s. (?), and eight inferior ones 40s. ; four cows, 20s., and five of less value, 20s. ; nine calves, 4s. Ad. ; one buU, 12s., four bullocks, 12s., and three heifers, 9s. ; twenty-six sheep, 17s. Ad. ; nine lambs, 3s. ; two boars (?), 3s. ; three ewes (?), 4s.; fifteen hogs, 15s., and eight pigs, 2s. The whole value of the live stock was estimated at £11 lis. Ad. The household stock, &c, was valued at 5s. Ad. ; three ploughs at 18a7. ; a waggon at 3s. ; a two- wheeled cart bound with iron, 4s. ; and another wholly of wood, 18a7. The kitchen and other utensUs were valued at 22s. 5a7. Twenty-six acres of land were sown with " metecorn," worth 18a7. the acre, and twenty-five with oats at Is. the acre.3 (1) In 1349 Margery, wife to Nicholas de la Beche, was returned as seized of five acres of meadow at Strat felde Say. (2) There was also a religious house at Stratfield Mortimer belonging to the Prior of Clatford. It was endowed with a messuage and twenty-six acres of arable at 2d. the acre, and a rood of meadow worth id. There were besides ten acres held by three tenants at a rent of 20rf., payable yearly at the Feast of the Purification. The whole income of the house came to Ills. id. Among the live stock were reckoned two ploughhorses worth 7s., a sow worth 12d., three little pigs 6^., seven acres sown with "metecorn" 10s. 6d., seven with oats 7s., a portion in Stratfield church eight marks, the ninth mark being the due of the vicar. Sum total £6 12s. Sd. (3) The established Hampshire custom much con demned by certain writers, assigns three bushels of seed wheat, four of barley, and five of oats to the acre. It would seem (after taking account of the difference between the modern bushel and acre, and the measures which went by those names in north Hampshire nearly six hundred years ago), that in the thirteenth century this allowance must have been much less liberal. Taking the average of years from 1290 to 1315 (after 1314 corn rose to something like three or four times its usual price), we shall perhaps not be far wrong in BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 279 In 1332 we find the prior of the hermitage of St. Leonard de Stratfield Saye making a grant of Widemore Wood. He was proctor-general in England for the abbey of Wallemont In 1342 an inquest was held concerning the foundation and endowments of the priory. In 1348 the king confirmed a grant made by the Abbot of Vallemont of the hermitage, with lands worth £30, to Thomas Colle and his heirs. By a record of the following year it appears that for an open piece of ground at Stratfield the abbot used to pay 100s. In 1378 an inquiry was made into the revenues of Stratfield Say priory. In 1461 Stratfield Saye priory was granted to the College of Eton. Simon Alen became Rector of Stratfield Saye in 1560. His immediate (?) pre- Rectors of decessor was WiUiam Donet, in whose time the living was worth (10s. 8%d. deducted for procurations) £24 13s. ~t\d., being four times the value of Turgis rectory, held by John Lee, and worth £6 13s. Ad., subject to a charge of 3s. 3d. for procurations. Amongst other rectors of Stratfieldsaye may be noticed WUliam Chapman, father to John, born 1704, of Eton and King's, who died October 14, 1784, aged 79. Dr. Chapman, as co-executor of Archbishop Potter's will, figured not very creditably in the great option case of Richardson v. Chapman and others, November 21, 1759 ; the decision of which was reversed by the House of Lords March 1760-1. Another rector of Stratfieldsaye was Joseph Trapp, Fellow of New College 1734 ; M.A. June 14, 1742. He was in 1751 presented to the living by George Pitt, first Lord Rivers, and died 1769. His father was the Poetry Professor Joseph Trapp, who in 1712 married the daughter of Alderman White, of Oxford. He was a Wadham man ; M.A. May 13, 1702, and D.D. February 1, 1727. The professor's father was Joseph, son to John Trappe, of Gloucester Hall; M.A. July 7, 1660. We have already seen that to the present Rector of Strathfieldsaye, " FeUow of the Society of Antiquaries, and also, by their official diploma, their Local Secretary for Hampshire," has been entrusted by the Duke of Wellington the investigation of the SUchester remains.1 estimating wheat at ninepence and oats at fourpence the Onion's-hole was probably not a gateway, hut a hole bushel. broken through when the wall had been undermined. (1) I profit by his kindness to add to, and in some The excavations now in progress at Silchester were matters correct, my account of Silchester. begun November 1, 1 864, and purposely in that portion The outside circuit of Silchester is truly estimated at of the city where the shallowness of the superincumbent over two miles. On the south side of the wall may mould exposed the remains most to the plough, i.e., even now be counted seven courses, each three feet high, the nortb-west portion. There were only eight inches with the exception of the top course, which is much of mould above the pavements of the rooms in the first broken away. The wall varies greatly in thickness, the house opened. thickest portion being at the points least defended by Remains of four Mosaic pavements have been found. natural position ; there is nowhere (in the opinion of Each house has yielded some. Three have been imper- & competent judge) any trace of a double wall and of feet, and two of the three mere fragments ; one of con- the wall being made as the reactment of. a mound. siderable beauty and in ». very complete condition has At the south gate there still exist some faint (bnt been removed to Stratfieldsaye, and placed in the floor quite evident) marks of the watch-tower. of the hall, there to preserve it. No tesserse are of earth 280 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Hartley West pall. Tilney Hall. Rotherwick. Of Hartley WestpaU worthies some notices have already been made. John Bekinsau, or Beaconshaw, the author of a treatise, De supremo et absoluto regis imperio, was son to John Beconshaw, a native of Beconshaw in Lancashire, but resident at Hartley WestpaU. He was born at Broadchalk, had his schooling at Winchester, became FeUow of New CoUege 1520, M.A. 1526, married 1538, at Elizabeth's accession went to Sherborne, there died December 20, 1559, aged 63, and was buried in the church. " WiUiam Grant Broughton, M.A., curate of Hartley Wespall, Hants," in 1826, wrote a pamphlet maintaining Gauden's claim to the authorship of the Eikon Basilike. His neighbour the Duke of WeUington sent him out afterwards to Australia, where from archdeacon he became bishop. The rector of the parish was the famous Dr. Keate. A predecessor in the rectory was Mr. Blacow, Canon of Winslow, F.R.S., instituted October, 1757. Dr. Fisher became rector July 29, 1796. We now return to Basing miU, and thence go onwards towards Newnham, leaving Hale, Deanlands, and WUdmoor on our left ; and on our right Ashmoor. To our left front we see, by a farmhouse, the one soUtary tree which teUs us where once stood Tilney HaU, the seat of the last century lords of Rotherwick. On the Tylneys and their successors sufficient notice has already been made. It may here simply be added that Richard Tylney, Esq., died 1646, aged 83, and that PhUip, youngest son to Francis, died 1683, aged 22., Towards the end of the last century Welbore Ellis rented Tylney HaU. In Rotherwick church may be noticed, among other monuments, chiefly of the Tylney famUy, that to Anthony More, Gent, fourth son of Thomas More of Langelevey, Shirfield on Loddon, Esq., whose first wife was Alice, eldest co-heir to Thomas HU1 of Hodiham, Gent. Anthony died October 2, 1683, leaving two children, Richard and Anne. The church itself is not without interest On the south-west buttress of its large red brick tower is inscribed R.D. 1700, AD., W.D. There are one or two remains of ancient tombs in the churchyard, and near the porch part of a stone sculptured with a cross. In the Rotherwick parish books of a century ago we find the names of Baigent, Maximiaa had been found previous to the late excavation. Those of Dioclesian have been some four or five altogether. Some of the Carausian coins are supposed to be unique. One coin of the Augustan date has been found, which apparently had not been in circulation. The masses of tooled limestone now in the yard he- longing to the farm house formed parts of a temple of great size, with lofty pillars, whose capitals were of the Corinthian order and well executed. Of the two vomiioria at the amphitheatre there is not a vestige of reason for supposing that one was for the commander of the garrison. but the red. Some of those in the finer parts of the best mosaic were minute pieces of glass. There are white, cream-coloured, yellow, grey, mottled, blue, black, and red, all of chipped stone, and the glass, which are pale greenish. The coins are very widely distributed, and afford a very significant proof that the habitation of the city ex tended almost over the entire Roman occupation of Britain. The coins of Carausius are perhaps those which occur most often, but their number was swelled by a single hoard of forty-two, which has thrown it out of proportion to the others. No coins of Dioclesian or BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 281 Hulford, Mulford, Watmore, Richard Capelin, Englefield, Sibley, Paice, and others still well known in Hampshire. The signature of William Russell as an attesting magistrate about that time appears in the books. Among the holdings in respect of which, on April 5, 1790, Sir J. T. Long was rated, were the Parsonage, Holy Wood, Loder, Wells, Ridge Lowe farm, &c. Neither Greywell nor Rotherwick is mentioned in the Survey of 1084. Probably they were reckoned in the manor of Odiham. It is not unlikely that many manors, now distinct from Odiham, may yet through it have been entitled to the privilege of ancient demesne. So much we may infer from comparing the present extent, of the parish (containing several manors) with the enormous size of Odiham manor in 1084 and earlier. In Harold's time it was rated at thirty-eight hides, its extent was reckoned at seventy-eight and a half hides, and its ploughlands were fifty-six in number. In 1361, we find Rotherwick mentioned as a dependency of Greywell ; Thomas de Rotherwick in Berkeley de Ulle, and Katerina his wife, holding a messuage and ploughland at Ruthwyk and Stratfield, in the lordship or demesne of Greywell. Pursuing our road by Lyde Mill, we leave, to the north, the Basingstoke Corporation lands ; and, to the south, St. Augustine's copse. Thence crossing the trout stream (the Rother?) which, flowing from MaplederweU by Andwell and Waterend, makes its way into the Loddon, we ascend through a hollow lane into Newnham Green. At our right stands the church, with the manor house just beyond. There is little of mterest in Newnham church. A slab built into the wall south Newnham. of the chancel arch may be noticed. It is faintly incised with a head and bust. There are not many entries of interest in the register and other parish books. In 1729 Thomas Shelton was curate; William Froud and Richard Baffe church wardens. Michael Hutchinson, D.D., was rector in 1730. John Lowry curate in 1734. Robert Atkinson "minister" 1743; in 1754 and later he signed as " rector." In 1761 Gideon Elliott was rated 2s. in respect of the paper mill. In 1763 Doctor Richmond was rated for part of Earl Tylney's estate ; Lord Tylney for Butler's farm ; John Stevens for the BeU meadow ; Widow Limbrey for ffroud's and Red Lyon houses; Captain Halley for a coppice. Barnard Lee, who then occupied land at Newnham, is the Baranad Lee whose burial is recorded in the Scures book. Among ratepayers of 1766 Lord Tylney's land at the paper mill was held by Edmund Chamberlin, Esq. Battin at Lyde Mill by David Crimble.1 In the marriage register occur the signatures of Thomas Jones, curate, and WUliam Draper, clerk, in 1776. J. Richmond and Thomas Jones, 1762—1774. The marriage of James Hutton of AnviUe to Ann Ower of Newnham, June 12, 1781, was attested by Jacob Ifould. The witnesses of the marriage of Thomas (1) Mr. Dickens is a Hampshire man. Did he find in Secretary? The name Trimble still lingers in other parts his own county the eponymus of his Anglo-Bengalee, &c, of Hampshire. VOL. IH. 0 O 282 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Newnham names. Newnhamninths. Lucock and Elizabeth Poulter, March, 30, 1782, were Hugh BowseU and Jane Turner. On July 11, 1782, the witnesses being Elizabeth Owen and John Lambell, David BosweU (Bozell) of MaplederweU was married to Barbara Kerry of Newnham. The signature of J. WiUiamson, curate, appears in the books of 1795. Richard Lanty Bridgeman, the son of Richard Whalley Bridgeman and Ann his wife (Richard was brother to Orlando), was born October 5, baptised November 2, 1798. On February 12, 1799, by Henry HaU, Vicar of Monks Sherborne, Thomas Hood Dowson, Rector of Langston (Monmouthshire), B.D., was by license married to Jane Richmond; Ann Pither and Robert Pither (who signed with a mark) witnessing the said marriage. Many names still of common occurrence in the neighbourhood figure in the register books of the last century. John Cock (son of John Cock), born February 3, 1725-6, baptised February 6, was made parish clerk of Newnham in 1755.1 The name of Hulcoop occurs before 1776. Ruth Gubby of Nately Skewers and Gilge in 1777. Bete Chamberlin Bas Born chUd was Baptised June 21, 1778. Bartholo mew Orford was parish clerk 1778. " Jane and Merya to Daters of the Revd. Alban thomas was Baptised January 28, 1782." Ann the " dater of Jmes and Ann hotten was Baptised November the 17, 1782." Among the justices who passed the Newnham rates two generations back were J. Richards, C. S. Lefevre, Charles Dickinson, in 1796; Thomas Hall, Wm. St. John, 1797; H. P. MUdmay, L. B. Wither, G. P. Jervoise, 1798; W. Chute, 1799; W. NevUl, 1801 ; Clement Cottrell, 1802 ; Thomas Salmon and John Norris, 1805. The ninths of Newenham were, in 1340, assessed at £4 8s. by John le Parker, Walter Wastpall (?), Hugh Veisey, WUliam le Hunte, Geoffrey atte Lude (where Lyde mUl stands ?), and WiUiam Wodeward. The church was endowed with one messuage, a garden, thirty acres of arable, pasture, and meadow, worth yearly 45s. 10a7. Hay and other smaU tithe, with oblations and mortuaries, came to £6 13s. 2a7.. by the year. From Newnham churchyard we have a charming view, ranging to the west from Beacon (Bacon, as the country people call it) HU1 round by Basingstoke, and thence by Herriard towards Farnham. Just below us to the south Ues the little valley watered by the Ende and Mapleder wells,2 within which we notice MaplederweU (1) We have in the case of his descendants, Abraham, Joseph, Mary, and others living round Newnham, a re markable instance of the persistency with which the north Hampshire peasant clings to the home of his fathers. John Cock, it appears, was in charge (if indeed he was not proprietor of one) of the register books, and very carefully he seems to have kept them. In the entries he made touching himself and children he might have been a professor of the horoseopic art, seeking to cast a nativity, so particular was he in setting down the time of birth of each. He records that his wife was born September 28, 1730, that his son Abraham was born about two o'clock a.m. May 25, 1764, and so on through the list of his nine children, Ann, John, Elizabeth, Edward, Mary, Joseph, Abraham, Mark, and James, of each the time of birth and baptism being particularly stated. (2) We have already seen how many Hampshire towns and villages are named from the streams on or near which they stand. To those standing on burns, as Titch bourne ; on devers, as Andover, the Candover, Micheldever, &c, we may add those which, like Awel-ton (Alton), Ende-well, Mapelder-well, Grey-well, derive their de signation from springheads in their neighbourhood. As BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 283 vUlage, with Andewell mUl and manor house to the west, and Nately Scures church Andewell to the east of Waterend. The farmhouse, or rather manor house, of Andewell is priory" on the site of the ancient priory, of which there are some vestiges in a barn said formerly to have been the priory chapel. Stone coffins and other relics have been found in the farmhouse garden. Gervase, Prior of Andewell, witnessed a deed touching the neighbouring parish of Newnham. In the time of Henry III. Hamund de Basinges alienated to the Prior of Hanedew-elle one yardland of the king's demesne worth 10s. In 1274 the prior had in Up Nately ten tenants who held of him in vUlenage five yardlands, all formerly belonging to Basingstoke manor. At Estropnately he held two yardlands of the said royal manor. Probably the northernmost part of Andewell may be identified with the ancient Berklygh. manor of Berklygh, which we know adjoined the king's highway. At the inquisition held at Winchester the Friday after St. Valentine's Day, 1274, a complaint was preferred against Adam de St. Manufent for making the purpresture of a quarter of an acre at Berklygh over or upon the royal highway, thereby causing to the king a damage and loss of 12a7. by the year. Merton College held a quit rent charged upon Andewell, which afterwards it exchanged for one of the Tyrone abbey advowsons. In 1290 the holdings of the Prior of Enedewelle at Opnatelegh and Mapleder- welle were worth £2. In his own manor the rents, meadow, and mUl were valued at £3 by the year. By the extent and inventory of the possessions held by the Prior of Endewell, The priory re- subject to the Abbot of Tyrone, taken in 1294, it appears that the priory close J',,""*,^1 P°8 contained a messuage, garden, and dovecot worth 10s. by the year. The land consisted in two hundred and sixty-five acres of arable worth (at 3d. the acre) 66s. 3d. ; ten of moorland, 3s. Ad. ; thirteen of underwood, 3s. 3d. ; twelve of private pasture, 6s. ; common pasture, worth yearly 6s. 8d. There further belonged to the manor a water mill, worth 20s., and a fulling mUl, 12s. by the year; court perquisites, 6s. 8d. Total £6 14s. 2d. From free tenants the prior received yearly £4 8s. in payments due Michaelmas, Christmas, Easter, and St. John's tide. Twenty-three customary tenants occupied three yardlands, for which they paid 48s. The sum of the rents came to £6 16s. From that gross sum deductions to the value of £4 12s. Ad. left a clear rental of 43s. 8a7. The whole income of the priory therefore came to £8 17s. 10a7. In the priory stock was included one horse worth a mark : two cart horses, 8s. ; six inferior, or, perhaps, common working horses, 19s. ; a mare with sucking foal, 6s. 8d. ; three colts, 6s. ; eighteen oxen, 108s. ; two cows, 7s. 6a7. ; and three better ones, 15s. ; the stream of Mapelder-well was designated from its maple and its combe or valley named from some remarkable tree, so was the village near Petersfield known as the Apulder, or apple tree, which once grew near its source. Mapleder-ham. In the Isle of Wight we find a spring Endewell may, perhaps, be rendered " the duck-stream." oo2 284 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Andewell priory posses sions in the fourteenth cen tury, MaplederweU. three yearling buUocks, 2s. ; one heifer, 2s. 6d. ; thirty-three sheep, 14s. 2d. ; forty-two lambs 20s. ; twelve hogesters, that is, young sheep, 8s. ; twenty hogs, 20s. The total value of the Uve stock was reckoned at £12 10s. 8a7. In the kitchen a brazen pot was valued at 16s. 8a7. ; two dishes at 12a7. ; washing jug and basin at 12a7. In the brewery the brewing apparatus, wooden utensils, &c, came to two marks. A cart was valued at 4s. ; making up the value of the dead stock to 29s. Ad. The seed, corn, and crops were valued at £12 12s. ; the items being, forty acres wheat, £6; barley, twelve acres, 24s.; oats, sixty acres, £4 10s.; peas, two acres, 4s. ; beans, one acre, 3s. : making a total of £12 12s. The whole value of the inventory came to £26 12s. From a return of 1324, it appears that on Friday, the day of St. Clement, by an inquisition held at AndeweU before Ralph de Bereford and Richard de Westcote, PhUip Marimon, John de la Hale, John Germayne, John Walet, John Bernard, John Wynegod,1 Peter le Wodewrd, Ralph Tawyare, John Moriward, Thomas le Phyr, John Leten, John le Kentissch, the annual value of the priory was thus estimated : — easements for wainage, &c, 40a7. ; garden and curtUage, 2s. ; dovecot, 40a7. ; two hundred and thirty acres, 67s. 3d., being sixty-nine at 6d., two hundred and six at 3d., and forty-five at Id. (in this reckoning there is evidently some error); a messuage, 12a7. ; with eight acres (Ad. the acre) attached to the demesne, 4s. , eighteen acres of meadow, ten at 18a?., and eight at 2d., 23s. Moor and separate pasture fifteen acres 5s., at Ad. the acre; ten acres sheep pasture 20a7., at 2a7. the acre; thirty acres of wood, 7s. 6a7., at 3d. the acre; assured rents, £7 14s. 8a7. ; farm of fulling mUl let to Ralph le Tawyer for life, 12a7. yearly; customary labour, 14s. 5^d. ; fines and court perquisites, 6s. 8a7. ; water-mUl, 40s. In sum, £47 4s. 10\d. On that revenue was charged 10s. yearly due to John de Basynges for land at Iwode, and 6s. A\d. paid through the sheriff to the king's exchequer for assarted land at Foxham. Among the possessions of Andewell priory was Muckleford in Dorsetshire. At the suppression of aUen priories the manor of AndeweU was granted to the Warden and scholars of Winchester CoUege, its present lords. The Uttle village of MaplederweU, which owes its name to the stream running through it, distinguished now-a-days, not by a maple tree, but by the beds of watercresses which, within the last few years, Mr. Dudley of Overton has reduced from their straggling wildness and cultivated for the London and Liverpool markets, has not much in it to detain us. The church has been " restored," but stiU retains some vestiges of its ancient state. Among them may be noticed the remains of a sixteenth century rood screen, and a stone let into the wall under the chancel window (1) In 1340 John Wynegod was one of the assessors of ninths for Dunvmer parish. His fellows were John atte Mere, John Bertham, and John Notlegh. parish of Nutley adjoins that of Dnmmer. The BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 285 oh which the date is inscribed 1624. The font is octagonal ; it is of Purbeck marble, and dates apparently from the fifteenth century. A brass, which may perhaps be assigned to the time of Henry VII., commemorates John Tanner, with Agnes his wife, their four sons and five daughters. There is in the church a tablet to the memory of Richard Sumner, apothecary (or grocer?), who died July 3, 1720, aged 50. He belonged to a family settled in the seventeenth century in and near MaplederweU.1 We find in 1669 John, son to John and Margaret Sumner, baptised. He died The Sumners. the next year. Again, November 12, 1692, John, son to John and Frances Sumner, was baptised. The Sumners were the principal landholders in the parish. Thus, in 1703, the church-rate list is headed by John Sumner, then comes Widow Mathew. Among the others we find Pittman, John Canner, John Helyor, John Tarrant, Richard Hore, Robert Small, Richard Mathew, WUliam Clapshaw, Edward Marlow, Robert MiaU, &c. The list ends with Luke Geary and Robert Wigg.2 The " Reverent Dokter Hutchin son for the farme" was rated at Is. 8d. In 1733 Mr. May, out of a rate of £1 18s. levied on the whole parish, paid 16s. 2d. in four sums, as charged upon Sumner's land, Pitman's lands, and two other parcels. George Callaway paid Is. Ad. ; WUliam Hine was rated for " that was MUton's," and for " upper bargin." (1) Sumner's land at Basing belongs to Lord Bolton. (2) The Wigg family have been long settled in the neighbourhood of Basingstoke. In 1724, " George Wigg, of Basing, was prosecuted in the Exchequer for tithes, at the suit of Thomas May, tithe-farmer." For a demand of about £3 5s. he was sent to Winchester gaol May 3, 1712, and thence removed by Habeas Corpus to the Fleet November 28. In the Fleet he remained more than a year. Hampshire, it appears, afforded up to the year 1736, twenty-two Quaker confessors, nineteen prosecuted in the Exchequer, two in the Church courts, and one elsewhere. Of the twenty-two six were thrown into prison. They were in 1690 Alexander Moore, of Ford ingbridge, prosecuted in the Exchequer for tithes by John Hall, clerk, who demanded £6 15s. l\d., and seized for it goods which sold for £87 16s. lid. Nicholas Gates, sen., Nicholas Gates, jun., and Joane Sly, by William Parker, renter of Alton Vicarage ; in 1701 William Guillam aud Thomas Russel, of Holibourne, by Thomas Matthews, parson ; in 1 708 John Fly the elder of Odiham, by Thomasin Parkes, widow and executrix to the late parson. She claimed £5 for twenty years back, though the tithe was alleged to be worth only 13s. 5d. yearly. In 1724 Mary and Martha Waldron, of Andover, executrixes to their father, Edward Waldron, by Parson Penton. Further, there were prosecuted in the Exchequer for small tithes, 1705, George Jenkins and Robert Hopkins by Colonel Parks, impropriator. 1711, John Forder the elder, Samuel Tully, John Cager, Thomas Heath the younger, William Hack, and Thomas Warner, by John Baker, Vicar of Froyle. Against Hack, Forder, Cager, and Heath, the demands upon them being very small, the prosecutions were dropped. Samuel Tully and Thomas Warner, owing £3 2b. Sd. for eighteen months' small tithe, were im prisoned at Winchester, and thence by Habeas Corpus removed to the Fleet. Their goods were seized to the value of £75 16s. In 1707 William Reeves, of Yately, was prosecuted by William Taylor, impropriator, and Francis Swaine, of Eversley, prosecuted in the Exchequer by Richard Staffer- ton, parson. Reeves was taken np July 30, 1707, by warrant from Ellis Mews, judge of the Cheyney Court (?), and thrown into Winchester gaol. After a fortnight's imprisonment Taylor ordered his discharge. In 1708 William Herbert and Daniel Hollis, of Cowes, were prosecuted in the Church courts by the churchwardens for a church-rate. From Herbert Is. id., from Hollis 7*., was demanded. Both were, May 10, 1709, put into Winchester gaol, and there remained some four weeks. They were discharged by an Act of Grace, June 7. It is remarkable that the names of Anthony Purver, of Andover, and other Quakers of note, do not appear in the list of prosecutions. Could it be that Purver, shoe maker, schoolmaster, and Hebraist, was too poor to be prosecuted ? Cantabit vacuus coram latrone viator. 286 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. In 1751 we find in the rate-list the charges on Sumner's land, "Henery" Smith, James and Daniel Hould, Thomas and John May, Hore, and SneU. MaplederweU In the parish books of MaplederweU there are some entries deserving of record. pans oo s. ^ certain " Widdoo Mathew," like the good dame of Crabbe's parish, seems to have served aU the offices in turn as they came round. In 1665 she succeeded Henry Ifould as co-churchwarden with WiUiam Ayres, her bailiff .being aUowed to act for her. In 1693 " Widdoo Mathew" was senior overseer. In 1666 John Justice and John Clapshaw were in office. In 1668 Richard Bull and Roger Smith were church wardens, Henry Canper and Robert Koude overseers. In 1670 Roger Smith and Benjamin Mathew churchwardens, Benjamin Mathew and John ffry overseers. Churchwardens in later years were Luke Geary and Henry Smith, 1673 ; Robert Hore and Luke Geary, 1693 ; John Canner and Robert MiaU, 1689. A curious entry, of date AprU 8, 1672, sets out that a statement to the effect that Andrew Whelpdale, the rector, with John Merlin and Benjamin Mathew, church wardens, had received money for Edward Littiefield's wife and chUdren, was false — so declared John Sumner Henry, and Roger Smith (churchwardens in 1669, Andrew Whelpdale being rector), signing their names, and Henry Coupere, John Justice, and WiUiam Ifould making their marks. The MaplederweU registers date from 1666 and 1682. Among the names which figure in the earlier entries are those of John Sumner and his famUy — 1669 and 1686; SUver, 1666; SUver Yfould and Canner, 1668; Clapshaw and Geary, MiaU, 1685-6; Watmoor 1685-6; SmaU, 1686; Ogbourn (Osburn), 1686; Ifould, 1687; MUton, 1686; Gary, Martin, Farrant, Alexander, 1705; Merriott and Canner, 1687; Garny, 1686; Chandler, 1686; Nightingale, 1685; Clapshaw, 1692; Justice, 1706; Rafter, 1693 ; SUver, 1696. John Duket, in 1726, was rated at Is. 6d. He is again mentioned in 1745. Among the officiating priests of the parish we notice the names Robert Atkinson — his signature as "menester" occurs in entries of 1746 and 1752 ; 1760, of Thomas Jones; 1761, Wm. Draper, clerk; 1762, Benjamin Underwood, clerk; Benj. HU1, Vicar of Mark Sherborne, 1763 ; J. Richmond, rector. In that year, 1763, WiUiam BozeU attested a marriage. His name often occurs in later entries. On August 24, 1772, Dr. Richmond wrote the name of a bride (she signing with a cross) — Betty Boswell. One of the witnesses to her marriage signed as Mary BoseU. Other signa tures are those of — 1781, Alban Thomas ; 1784, J. Richmond; 1713 and 1794, Joab Ifould (witnessing marriages); 1797, J. Williamson; 1799, Charles Powlett, jun. ; 1802, WUliam Eyre ; 1803, Thomas Davies ; 1805, Nelson Kerr ; 1806, J. Ballard (all six curates of MaplederweU) ; 1806, Thomas Davies, curate of Nately Scures ; and 1807, J. Lewis, curate. Among the certifyirig justices whose signatures occur in the register, besides those elsewhere noticed, were Thomas Tutt, 1696 ; and afterwards WiUiam Coleman, 1698; William Guidott, 1718; EUis St John, &c. BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 287 The earlier history of MaplederweU manor has already been noticed ; suffice it to MaplederweU add that in 1329 WUUam de Harewode died seized of an extent charged upon it. In 1400, an inquisition on the king's behalf was made touching the manors of Assheley, Mapelderwell, and Thorley. WiUiam Frost, of Avington, in 1529 gave to the college of Corpus Christi the manor of MaplederweU, for the support to the end of time of a fellow of his own blood. Alice, his sister and heiress, was married to Robert Unwin. Thereafter we find among the Hampshire holdings of Corpus, in 1535, included the manor of MaplederweU, worth to the college by free tenants 33s. ; rents of demesne lands £6 4s. 10^d. ; customary tenants, £5 3s. Id. ; tenements at Upnateley, 35s. 10a7. ; on which revenues were charged an alms of 23s. Ad. yearly on the third feria after Trinity, and 53s. Ad. to those fellows of the college who were priests for a daily mass on behalf of the souls of William Frost and his wife Juliana ; 40s. to Sir WUliam Paulett, chief seneschal, and 13s. Ad. to William Kyng, bailiff. The little twelfth century church of Nately Scures1 until lately, thanks to the Nately Scures whitewash with which successive generations of beautifiers had overspread it, retained its original plaster, patterned throughout with rich purple colour, and in the window-heads, the chancel, and here and there on the walls, bearing the vestiges of elaborate figure and scroll paintings. There were also very interesting marks of the tweU'th century plasterer's attempts to ornament his work in the zigzag mould ings of the east, and the small volute-like mouldings of the west window-head. The south-east Norman window was, in the fifteenth or perhaps sixteenth cen tury, built up ; and a little below, just to the west, a window of two lights was put in its stead. Very early in the eighteenth century, the ugly three-light window to the south west was stuck up. Both windows have been lately removed. Lying next to the gravestone of John White 2 there is, or within the last few years was, a seventeenth century brass of quaint inscription. The old door, lately removed, was apparently of sixteenth century date. Among last century " restorations " of the church may be specified, in 1786, the taking down and rebuUding the tower and roof, the enlargement of the gaUery, and ceiling the church, at a cost of £57 Is. Ad. (1) By some strange slip, a modern writer of repute next day, viz., 9th, 11th, an affidavit was made that He has told us that Nately Scures owes its distinguishing affix was buried in woolen only before me — Gil. White, Vicar to its surrounding thickets ; overlooking the two facts of Selborn." Mr. White was the last rector of Scures that scora makes shaw, and that the De Escures family who, according to the old fashion, signed in Latin. Thus obtained their surname in the north, and gave it to their the entry runs how " Thos. Heath and John Heathe were holdings of Wickham and Nately in the sonth. "It was buryed Mar. 31st, 1711, and affidavits exhibited for ye his hour of folly," to use the words of Southey. We have said burials to me — Itn est, Job. White, Rector de already noticed the history of the lords of Nately Scures Scures." Sometimes he signs as " Rector de Nateleye (2) In the register books we read that "John White, Scures." His first signature is of date 1701. Of course Rector of Scures, was buried November ye 10th, and ye he always computed the year from March 25. 288 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Benefactionsto the parish church. At that time, " in the year 1786, the Reverend Alban Thomas, Rector of Nately Scures, out of his own Free WUl, made a Present to the said Parish of a new Com munion Table, new Communion RaUs, a new Pulpit and Reading Desk, and new glazed all the Windows of the Church." At the same time he, " in his own Right, did erect two seats, one on each side of the Chancel, for the Use of his own FamUy, and the FamUies of his Successors, the Rectors of Nately Scures." In that year, 1786, were further set up at their own costs, by William Spier, tenant of Scures farm, the " seat on the south side of the church, between the pulpit and the seat of the Rev. Alban Thomas," and by " John May, of Huish, Yeoman," the seat opposite, " on the north side of the church." In 1787, were set up the seat next to that of John May, by Gideon Elliott, of Seers farm, and the next seat to that by John Bird, of Holt farm ; their landlord, Sir James Tylney Long, at the request of the rector, finding timber for the purpose. The other seats were, " by and at the Request of, and Compliment to, the Rev. Brook Watson. Alban Thomas," put up in 1788, by the Hon. Richard Howard and Alderman Brook Watson (the man famous for the loss of his leg by a shark, and the way in which he baffled the curiosity of his compatriots who wanted to know how he lost it), trustees for Lord Dorchester in the purchase of Scures manor. In that same year, 1788, an American oak was sent by Brook Watson, to be planted by "the tomb of his late worthy Friend, Watkin Jenkins, Esquire;" and was there planted " on the north side of the church," by Alban Thomas. That same year the rector gave the parish the font,1 which afterwards was disused (a little earthenware basin, placed upon the communion table, being used instead), then for eight years restored to its functions, and but lately removed to make way for a better. Unfortunately, some of the register books of Nately Scures parish have been lost, and those extant have not been very weU kept. The earliest, out of which two pages (5 and 6) have been cut, begins with a record of the induction of Richard Farrer, M.A., by Andrew Whelpdale, Rector of Newnham, under commission for Sir Walter DareU, the Archdeacon. Farrer read himself in July 26, 1668, in the presence of PhUip GUlam, WUliam Nutley, and others who certified the fact. Among entries of baptisms, in 1666, we find names stUl existing in the parish and neighbourhood ; such as those of Edward and Ann, son and daughter of Daniel and Alice Segrove, baptised New Year's Day ; Dorothy, daughter of Christopher and Ann May, Eliza, daughter of Edward and Elizabeth Kelsey, and others ; aU baptised The register books. (1) Apparently he gave the parish the chalice now in use, bearing the initials A. T., and the date 1795. The cost was £1 17s.; Thomas Wild, December 18, 1795, supplying the " Pollished Chalice,'' at the cost of three guineas, adding one shilling for engraving, and taking the old cup, valued at £1 17s., as so much old silver. His receipt dates January 22, 1796. In the last century there was little squeamishness in such matters. BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 289 in 1666. The earliest recorded baptism is that of Mary, daughter of John Hooker and his wife Jane, baptised AprU 3, 1666.1 Of some other names still common in the neighbourhood, or otherwise noticeable, Local names the earliest notices in the registers thus date : — Goodyear from 1666 ; Marlow, 1675 ; Aylott, 1680; Agore, 1684; Baldchild, 1685 ; Raggett, 1691 ; Harbert and Benham, 1693 ; Hellyer, 1696 ; Hankin, 1703. Pither is of early date : "henery Pitther" is noticed in 1759. There were Searles, from whom Mabley farm derived its present name (an unfor tunate change of designation, as through it the identification of certain lands, charged with payments to the poor, has failed) in the parish, in 1695 and 1705. Of the names of clergymen, we find in the registers, occurring under entries of Rectors of the date, April 10, 1685, the signature of Richard ffarrer, Rector de Scures. It occurs others.811 again, March 8, 1687, and for the last time in 1694. Philip Nanson, Rector of Newnham (M.A. June 28, 1673), signs July 26, 1680. Daniell King, curate, 1695. John White, rector, 1703, buried November 10, 1720. W. Deane was then curate. Thomas Fenton signs as rector, 1720 up to 1724. W. Sealey, curate, 1724, and up to 1735. W. Winder, in 1734-5, signs as curate. T. Jones was curate on October 10, 1754. The last rector of Scures figures in the parish registers and other records as Alban Thomas. The register of burials records that of Martha Thomas, in the chancel, July 30, 1783; Maria Thomas, July 1, 1785; and others. But in the Bishop's books, Alban Thomas is designated as Thomas Gwynne. The discrepancy has been accounted for by alleging that the rector being a native of Wales, in parts of which to this day hereditary surnames are not established, on coming into England Anglicised or rather Latinised the Welsh Gwynne into Alban, and prefixed it to his own proper name. A like instance of inverting Christian and surname we find in Evan Thomas or Thomas Evan, who, on February 19, 1611, was Vicar of Malmesbury. So Morgan PhUips, Cardinal Allen's tutor at Oxford, who wrote against John Knox, in answer to the " Monstrous Regiment of Women," and in whose house was established the English coUege at Douai, otherwise gave his name as PhUip Morgan. The said Alban Thomas or Thomas Gwynne, on January 1, 1804, obtained license of non-residence as Alban Thomas Jones; and in March, 1806, and January, 1809, was granted a like license for two years, on account of Ul-health, as Alban Thomas Jones Gwynne. Among the justices certifying affidavits of burial in woollen we find Richard Bishop Certifying of South Warnborough (sheriff in the Commonwealth days), December, 1678, Feb. ;iustices- 1679, and in later years. In April, 1685, he and Thomas Bery (?) sign an affidavit. Affidavits were, on December 20, 1688, and afterwards, made to Philip Nanson ; (1) In 1703, Joseph Hooker was "bornd" and bap- the same year, was Francis Maye baptised. Of his family tised. Ibidem, by which apparently the scribe means in we have already made notice. VOL. in. P P 290 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Certifying justices. Record of North Hamp shire speech. and on November 8, 1691, to George Whitton, curate of Rotherwick. On Decem ber 6, 1691, an affidavit was made to B. Genays, curate of Up Nately. In April, 1691, the certifying justices were F. Verline (?) and Thomas Breay (?). After 1693, the certifying justices were J. Jervoise, 1694 — 1713, and Thomas Pitt, 1694—1707 ; Tylney, in 1696 ; Chute, in 1708 ; George Pitt, 1705, and with Benjamin Rudyerd, in 1712 ; Edward Chute and Tymey, in 1713 ; Benjamin Rudyerd and Edward Chute, 1714 ; Henry Froxcroft and EUis St. John, 1715— 1721 ; George Pitt and H. or ff. Tylney, AprU 13, 1718 ; ff. Tylney and EUis St. John, AprU 8, 1719 ; Ellis St. John and ff. Tylney, April 20, 1720. Next among the signatures of justices appear the names of Cope, A. Sturt, Edward Bathurst, and T. Wyndham, who signs April 11, 1732.1 An affidavit of AprU 3, 1730, signed by Powlett St. John and Ant. Chute, is crossed out. Peculiarities of pronunciation prevalent in North Hampshire in the last century, are recorded in the register by the way in which certain words are spelt. For example, a century ago, the word daughter was in North Hampshire represented by daffear, dafter, and daftear.2 Thirty years later dater gave its sound. " Martha thomas, the dater of the Rev. Alban thomas, was Baptised November the 7, in the yer 1780." " Gorg Basen Jems " (for George Basing James), " petr haner and Catran" (for Peter Hannah and Catherine), are specimens of the " phonetic " speUing of the Nately Scures parish clerk a century and more ago. A little later, we find entries of the burial of "Luse porman," and Barbre, the wife of WiUiam Cary. Under 1780, is recorded the baptism of a "Bas Burn" (more commonly bornd) chUd. "Luse the datear of tomas and merya pennon" was baptised January 20, 1780. "Jen, the wif of gorg Rives" (the name appears as Rivers in earlier entries), (1) Thomas Wyndham was son to Thomas, who died 1 698, grandson to Sir Wadham, justice of the King's Bench, and great grandson to Sir John Wyndham. His mother was Margaret, daughter to Thomas Moure. He died January 31, 1763, aged 66, leaving a son, Wadham, who died February 13, 1784, aged 64. The elder Wad ham, son to the elder and brother to the younger Thomas, married Catherine, daughter to Edward Chandler, Bishop of Durham, and sister to Richard Chandler, M.P. for Andover. Wadham died May 7, 1779, aged 81 ; and Catherine on February 9, 1784, aged 79. The younger Wadham married the daughter of Francis Place (who died 1728), the famous projector and engraver. The younger Thomas, by his cousin and wife, Elizabeth Helyar, of. Yately, was father to Anne, wife of Sir Richard Cope (9th baronet, son to Galen, 6th son to Sir John), Rector of Eversley and Prebendary of Westminster. Elizabeth died December 24, 1730, aged 35. Her father, John Helyar, was son to William Helyar by his wife Rachel, daughter to Sir Hugh Wyndham. Wadham Wyndham was living at Hinton Admiral towards the end of the last century. (2) So the clerk of Cople, Bedfordshire, entering the baptism of a child of Butler's "knight who went a colonelling," designated her as " Martha Luke, daftar of the worshipfull Sir Sameull." The sailor talks of his plum duff (dough). We find in the complaint of extortion, made in September, 1501, against Harry Uvedale, of Corfe Castle, Bayle or bailiff of Wareham, and his nnder- bailiff Richard Alen, alias Bayle, also William Rawlyn, alias Bayle of Wareham (Sir Amys Paulet, of Maiden Bradley, at that time held office under the king), the statement that " He payed never a penny bnt soft (sought) the wages to empoweryssh his pore neghtbours." By way of contrast it may be noticed that to this day our North Hampshire peasants talk of a pig's trow (trough). BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 291 " was Bured febre the 15, 1767." Several times we find that " a fondlen " (found- Entries in ling) "child was Bured." "Jems Nevell and Catren Naish was mared 1750, regls er November the 20." James North, " a lunit man," was buried December 21, 1765. An " Infant of Bet Lodlam,1 Base Born Child, was Bured June the 3, 1769." "A man chUd Bured Septr. the 27, 1775." " Son of Mr. Odrson, Bured December 24, 1777." Another entry refers to " Julyana, Daughter of gorg Gordlor." Susannah Goodall (an Infant from the Foundling Hospital) was buried Novem ber 17th, 1785. Among the marriages are recorded, September 7, 1721, that of Charles Benham and Anne Burt, both of Nately, married with a license at Nately Scures ; " James Varndel, from popehel Odiham, and An Benam, from Bentley, was married November the 27, 1751." January, 1754, Robert Neale, yeoman, of North Waltham, and Joan Franklin, of Woodmancot, widow, were married. But two allusions occur to the differing dates for computing the year. In one case we find the entry 1690-1, in the other January, 1695-6. A curious indication of an ancient customary right thus runs : — "N.B., May 8, 1728. — This day I reed, of Thos. Poulter, of this parish, the sum of ten shUlings, for a mortuary for his Brother, George Poulter, lately deceased. — Thos. Fenton, Rector." Another noticeable entry is that of " John Hill, baptized att home, viz., att Holt, Jan. 6th, 1717." Some baptisms are specially recorded to have been " att church." In other parochial records there occur sundry interesting notices. other parochial In the fourth year of William and Mary, Sir Robert Henley, of the Grange, leased out land to WUliam Cannor, of Nately Scures. A receipt, of date August 29, 1755, for £l 7s., six years' quit rent of the said Cannor's leasehold, paid from WUUam Harrison to Robert Henley, Esq., is signed by John Duthy. In the time of King George was confirmed the settlement removal of George Rivers to Odiham, ordered by Frederick Tylney and William Wither, Esq. ff. Tylney and E. St. John sign an order of January 23, 1719-20. A certificate of settlement from George Othen and John Piatt, yeomen, church wardens, &c, of Up Nately, AprU 12, 1765, is attested by H. P. St. John and Ben jamin HU1. An apprenticeship, by William Matthew and John May, overseers, is aUowed April 26, 1775, by Thomas Stockwell and Thomas Hall the younger. February 12, 1774, an order of removal from Lawrence Wootton to Nately Scures was aUowed by Benjamin HU1 and Thomas Obourn. W. H. St. John and J. Richards signed an order of removal February 19, 1790. Thomas HaU, Esq., and the Rev. WUliam St John were the justices in an affidavit of settlement, December 17, 1790. (1) Twenty years earlier the entry occurs of " Bete, daughter of John Codlam, Baptised October 15, 1749." PP2 records. Hook. 292 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Land-tax receipts were signed by Edward Hooker, receiver in 1717; John Hooker, 1729; Daniel May, 1724. We find Thomas Rashleigh, as steward of Scures manor, signing receipts for Lord Effingham (late Hon. Richard Howard, Esq.) and Brook Watson, Esq., in 1791 and 1794. Afterwards, in 1796, he signs for Lord Dorchester. Returning to Newnham and crossing the green, we foUow the new road by the side of the railway into Hook, until we find ourselves in the turnpike road. Passing thence onwards by the old White Hart, we come to the crossing of four ways. The Raven at That which lies before us leads past the Raven (buUt in 1653, and scarcely changed, except in the dismantling of its sign, since the days of Jack the Painter, ninety years ago), Murrel Green, a green no longer, with Borough Court to the left, and so on into the ancient possessions of the nuns of Wintney. Our left-hand road would take us past the trace of a green way, which shows where anciently, long before the modern turnpike road was made, the wayside cross of Hook marked the intersection of the great west country road through Basingstoke and Hartford Bridge, with that running from Reading to Alton. From Hook Cross the road runs northward by Mattingley and Heckfield out of our county. Our right-hand road would take us through North Warnborough into Odiham. By the White Hart lies Bell (perhaps Chapel ?) Meadow, so named, says the country-side legend, from a bell which lies hidden in the pond. The tale also goes, that a church once stood in the meadow. Vestiges of its supposed foundations are still pointed out, and stories told of the coins from time to time thereabouts discovered. In Newnham parish, close on the borders of the manor of Murrel, lies the Bassett meadow.1 (1) In many other names of places in Newnham parish Dene, son to Richard the younger, is described as of little bits of local history have been fossilised. Such Odiham. Of his great-grandsons John at Dene, of Odi- names seem to be those of Bassett Mead, several Bassett ham, and James at Dene, James was grandfather to Henry Meadows, and the Worges Meadow. Other noticeable Deane, of Deaneland. names are those of College Coppice, Kingsbridge Coppice, May we recognise in the Worges meadows the name of Cowleaze Coppice, and Pightle, Froud's Close, Butt's John Worgte, who, with William de Langebrigge, John Meadow, Doctor's Acre, Wheat Earsh, Mead Hatch-gate, atte Moure, Richard atte Hulle, Richard atte Mulle, and Borough Court Pightle and Meadow, Little Harthing's, Henry Lollenour, in 1340, assessed the ninths of Hartley Wild Herons, Nab's Crook, Middle and Lower Grove. Westpall parish ? To Nately Scures belong part of Bell Meads and We may here record as incidental notices of Hartley Little Borough Court. The latter was in 1786 the Westpall parish that among Berkshire holdings in the property of Lord Northington, and occupied by Anthony thirteenth century was entered the fourth part of a fee at Demezy. Hartley, held by Richard de Dummer under Godfrey Was- In 1782 one Demesey kept the famous White Lion at paylle. Godfrey's superior lord held under the Earl of Hartford Bridge. Gloucester. Just without the western limit of Newnham parish lie In 1535 John Bekensawe, M.A., and Richard White, the Dean lands, which probably owe their name to M.A., each received yearly 69s. id. as fellows of. New Walter de Dene, of Inwood, in Basing parish, son to College. Richard de Dene the elder, who lived in the fourteenth Richard Moore, October 7, 1575, made over to century, and brother to Richard the younger. Robert de Richard Marshe twelve acre3 at Sherfield, known as the BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 293 A house at Murrel was included in the benefaction of Christopher Hanmer, who, Murrel land- by wUl of August 18, 1555, left his dweUing-house and lands to Anthony Moor and his wife Alice, on condition that they should give a rent of £4, charged upon Skewers Mores, Putland, and his house in Rotherwick Street, to the two churchmen of Rotherwick for the time being, for the distribution among five poor householders of sixty ells of canvas at Is. 6a7. the ell, and fifteen yards of frieze at Is. Ad. the yard, and the bestowal of 13s. Ad. on the maintenance of the ornaments of the parish church. The two churchmen were to have a noble yearly between them for their trouble, and were to associate to themselves as co-distributors two honest men of the parish. By agreement dated March 22, 1557-8, made between Anthony Moor with his wife Alice and Nicholas Vaus, it was settled that the right of Anthony and Alice's heirs to the premises (two messuages in Rotherwick and Murrell) should be acknow ledged, they promising to give Nicholas the promised £4 yearly for distribution by the churchwardens. High in our north-east distance gleams the princely house of Bramshill. Of its manor we have already made sundry notices. There were in 1084, at Bromselle, four manors. Two in Boseberg hundred Bramshill in belonged to Hugh de Port, their joint value being 20s., double that which they were worth in the Confessor's time. There belonged to them two vUleins, two bord men, with a team, the quarter of a mUl worth 10a7., three acres of meadow, and wood for two hogs. The other two manors, belonging to Gilbert de Breteuil, were in Holsete hundred. When held by Alwi and Elsi, they had been worth 40s. Afterwards their value dwindled down to 20s. 5a7. ; and in 1084 was only 2f>d. Their assessment wanted a yardland of two hides. There was enough land for two teams, and there were two teams in demesne, four viUeins with one team, a mill worth 25d., six acres of meadow, and wood for two hogs. It was alleged, but the Hundred Court disaUowed the allegation, that Gilbert's part of Bromeselle had belonged to the royal manor of Swallowfield, with which it was held. We have already seen that a like allegation was put forward and dis allowed on behalf of part of Stradfelle. At Bromeshull, in 1235, Thomas, Earl of Warwick, held certain fees. In 1324, John de Foxle, and his wife Constance, were returned or seized of The Foxleys at fifty-eight acres and three roods in a heathy open part of Haisull, in Everle bailiwick, belonging to Pembre forest. Also of one messuage and eighty acres at Bromshulle, within the forest, and of the suits of court at Odiham. Three Crofts, part of which passed, February 26, 1626, others. The remaining part of the Three Crofts was to William Paice, and by his will, of September 25, 1641, added to the charity October, 1694 (John Prude being were bequeathed to the parish of Hartley Westpall for rector), by purchase from John Thorpe— Thomas and repairs of the church and other purposes, and accordingly, Anne Marshe having, March 27, 1671, assigned it to by deed of March 21, 1641, transferred by William George Thorpe. Part of the purchase money was Lady Hearn and his wife to Thomas Horn the rector and seven Stawell's gift. 294 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Zouche at Bramshill. In and about the year 1341, Thomas de Foxle was Constable of Windsor Castle. From the days of the Foxleys, of whom more hereafter, dates the manorial free chapel of BramshiU. Their ancient manor house gave place to "the stately structure of BramshUl, built by Lord Zouch," and soon afterwards "much injured by a chance fire." l The architect, it seems, was Thorpe, who, in 1607, built Holland House. The time that Bramshill House was building ranged, it appears, over the years 1604 to 1612.2 Prince Henry dying in that latter year, the house was occupied by Edward Lord Zouche, lord of Hartley Wintney, and Bramshill manors, until his death, in 1625. He was buried in Eversley church. His bust graces BramshUl House. From Lord Zouche BramshUl passed, by will, to Sir Edward Zouche, of Woking. Sir Edward Zouche,3 of Bramshill, married Elizabeth, daughter to Henry Middlemore, of Enfield, groom of the privy chamber to Elizabeth. She was buried Nov. 5, 1609. Sir Edward died 1634. It does not seem that he or his son, who died in 1643, — his wUl was proved in 1645 — ever lived at BramshUl. It was -during Lord Zouche's occupancy of BramshUl that, on a certain Tuesday, Archbishop Abbot, with an arrow from his crossbow, aimed at a deer, kUled the keeper, Peter Hawkins. The grave bearings of that accident upon the ecclesiastical (1) A writer of 1782 records that " thirty-four rooms were burnt some years ago." (2) On the pipes of Bramshill House are inscribed the initials E. Z., with the date 1612. On the fireplace in the chapel-room occur the royal arms,- with the initials I. R., and date 1604. (3) The De la Zouche family had long been connected with Hampshire. On St. George's day, 1381, Sir William la Zouche de Haringeworth died seized of the manor of Kingesworthy. Three years later, John de la Zouche was sheriff. Sir William la Zouche was involved in the famous murder case of 1384, of which the chronicler tells us that " non armigeri, non valecti, non garciones, nee inferioris status viri, quicquam mali voluerunt inferre Fratri, sed The friar had said that the charge against the Duke of Gloucester was invented by Sir W. la Zouche. "Et prater hoc, quod Bominus Willelmus la Zouche, quamvis gra- vissima detineretur agritudine, acersitus erat ad Parlia- mentum pradictum, ad standum judicio Regis et Domi- norum quia idem Prater eum velut inventorem inceptorem et incentorem, dixerat omnium qua scripserat extilisse." In 1380 the king, at the demand of the nobles, ex pelled from court Lords de Souche de Haringeworthe, de Burnel, and others, with sundry knights, among them being John Worth, " non ut omnino dimissos, sed Parlia ment proximo parituros. Expulsa sunt et Bomina tanquam inuliles curia, scilicet de Ponynges qua fuit uxor Bomini Johannis Worth, de Mowen et de Molyng, qua cuncta manucaptue sunt, objiciendis in proximo Par liament responsura. John Lord Zouche, through his marriage with Joan, daughter of Lord Dynham, brought into his house the coinheritance of the barony of Moels, in abeyance between the descendants of Courtenay and Botreaux, of which the Courtenay portion at Muriel's death fell to Margaret, wife of Sir Thomas Peverell, and Joan, wife of Sir John Dynham. The Lord Zouche and the Lord of Saint John, with a dozen other lords, each attended by a servant, besides prelates and nobles of higher degree, thirty-four knights (among them being Sir Walter Hungerford, Sir Richard Pndsey, Sir John Huse), nine squires for the body (An tony Fetyplace, and others), twenty-one gentlemen ushers (Robert Knolles among the number), were present at the great meeting between Henry VII. and the Archduke Philip. The barony of De la Zonche de Herringworth at last passed to Sir Cecil Bisshopp, and thence to his heirs female. In the time of Elizabeth, Edward Lord Zouche, of Weston by Bulhington, hore gules 10 bezants, 4, 3, 2, 1, a canton ermine, gules 10 bezants was borne by Roger de la Zouche in the time of her grandfather. I know not whether Sir Edward was kinsman to Dr. Richard Zouche (born about 1590, and died March 1, 1660), who was so versed in the controversies between the town and university of Oxford, " that none after (Bryan) Twine's time went beyond him." BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 295 history of the day must not here be dwelt upon. Suffice it to note, that the arch bishop settled £20 yearly on Hawkins's widow, and observed monthly a Tuesday fast in memory of the homicide. The Henleys1 succeeded the Zouche famUy at Bramshill. Sir Andrew2 (born HenleysatIi U "11 1622 (?), made a baronet 1660, and died 1675) was succeeded by his two sons, Sir Robert (died 1680 ?), sometime M.P. for Andover, who left his parish of Eversley £100 for an apprenticing fund, and Sir Andrew. It would seem that the second and third Henley baronets so squandered their property as to leave the fourth baronet, son to the second Sir Andrew (who was obliged to leave BramshUl in 1695), by a daughter of Mr. Ball of Yately, almost penniless. He was captain of a fire-ship. Upon his death, in 1740, the baronetcy was extinct. The famous Alexander Ross lived at BramshUl with Sir Andrew Henley, to whom Alexander he left his books and other goods. There are in Eversley church two tablets to his memory, one on the chancel waU, and a more remarkable one (made by himself) on the floor covering his grave. It bears an inscription, of which the principal feature is the pun upon his own name, which Alexander pursues through six lines. I give two of them : — " Rosfueram, nunc sumpulvis, mox umbra futurus Ros abiit, pulvis spargitur, umbra fugit." The connection with BramshUl of the ancient and worshipful family of Cope dates The Copes at from its purchase by Sir John Cope (the sixth baronet of his line), a little more than one hundred and sixty years ago. Old Sir John, the father, died 1704, aged nearly 70, and was buried in the Cope vault, constructed by his own order in Eversley church. The Sir John3 who bought Bramshill, M.P. for Hants, was, as the eldest son of a baronet, knighted in his father's lifetime. He died 1749. By his wife Alice, daughter to Sir Humphrey Monnoux, he was father to Sir Monnoux Cope, who married Penelope, daughter to Lieutenant- General Mordaunt, and nephew to the earl. Sir Monnoux died 1763. BramshUl House is so well known that it would be a mere impertinence to record (1) Of old Sir Robert Henley, Master of the King's the lord chancellor, commonly known as " Surly Bob," Bench, grandson to Robert Henley, of Henley, Sheriff of was in 1760 made Baron Henley of Grange, and lord Somerset 1612-3, the elder son founded the Grange keeper, lord chancellor in 1761, and in 1764 Earl of family, whilst Andrew, the second son by a second wife, Northington. On the death of the second earl in 1786, daughter to John Eldred, settled at Bramshill, and was Lady Bridget, with her sister and coheiress, sold his made a baronet. For old Sir Robert Inigo Jones built the Hampshire estates. Some of his lands and holdings in the grange. In the last century it was bought from the north of the county were purchased by Lord Dorchester. Henleys by Mr. Drummond, the banker, and by him (2) His wife, whom he married September, 1647 (?), afterwards sold to the Prince Regent, from whom it passed was Mary, daughter to Sir John Gayer, a London mer- to its present owners, the younger and first ennobled branch chant. She died July 30, 1666. of the Baring family. Anthony, grandson to Sir Robert, (3) " His brother (?), William Cope, son of St. John married Mary, daughter to Peregrine Bertie, and siBter to and Ann '' was baptised at Hammersmith March 3, Lady Pawlet. The said Anthony was a wit and courtier, 1684-5. It appears that the officiator received upon a great friend of Richard Norton, of Southwick, knight the occasion " a guiney, £1 Is. 6d." of the shire, M.P. for Andover 1698. He died 1711. I find mentioned in a document of 1721 one Honour- His son Anthony died 1745. His more celebrated son, able John Cope, of St. Giles in the Fields, Esq. 296 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Bramshill at length its more interesting features. The noble old mansion, the stately terraces, the smooth-shaven lawns, the seventeenth-century furnishings and fittings of the house, the coeval pictures, the huge masses of dark shade into which the Scotch firs of the park (planted by James I., and the first seen in Hampshire, so runs the country-side story) have formed themselves, the glorious views stretching far and away into Surrey and Berks, the reminiscences of t/ie Sir John, his hunt, and his " eleven," aU combine to make Bramshill House one of the most interesting places in the county. The tithing of BramshUl returns a churchwarden (or rather sidesman?) for the parish of Eversley. Eversley Of Eversley parish, its heaths and woodlands, its peasants, its hard-riding pan farmers, the ways and manners of its country folk, the best record lives in the writings of its present rector. Eversley manor William the Conqueror renewed to the monks of Westminster the grant of their granted to, and x " held by, the manor of Eversley, " cum omnibus rebus et consuetudinibus et legibus sicut quatuor minster. " socemanni de Edwardo rege pro tribus manoris in Allodio libere tenuerunt." It appears from the original charter of Edward directed to " Stygand arcebiscop, Harold eorll, Eadnoth stallere" &c, that there was a church at Eversley. The grant includes " dhat cotlif Euereslea and all dhare thinge dhat dharto mid rickte gebiredh mid drke and mid milne, mid mode and mid felde, mid lose and mid hadhe, mid wateren and mid moren, dhat mid dhare made dke lidh at Stratfeld, wydh dhare lange brice," &c. It gave the abbot right to " saca andsocna toll and team, infangenedhef" and "flemenes- firmdh, and miskenninge, andalle odhdhere richte on allun thingun dha dkar upaspringdh." The charter further exhorts the Eversley men to proper conduct towards their new lords. The chief amongst them are mentioned by name as follows : — " ic wille and fasthie bebeode dhat padha mi meodes wrichte, and Wlnod min huscarl, and ^Elfrice Hort, and Frebern minfreosocne men dhe dhat cotlyf healdedh." In 1084 the four manors of Evreslei, in Holesete hundred, belonged to St. Peter's Abbey at Westminster. Their assessment had been reduced from five to four hides. There belonged to the land ten vUleins, four bordmen with three teams, and two mills worth 105a7., wood worth 30s., and twelve acres of meadow. In Winchester there was a hay worth Id. belonging to the manors. In the time of Edward their value had been 100s., afterwards £4 10s., and in 1084 £4. To the notices we have already made of the De Eversley family may be added that Walter de Everlie held in Anderne, one yardland at a rent of 12a7. yearly to the king. It appears that the wardship of the heirs of GUbert de Everleye (Eversley) was granted to Herbert Fitz Matthew, who in that right held Gilbert's land of ancient enfeoffment by the serjeanty of keeping a certain baUiwick of the forest of Wyndlesore. Eversley ninths were in 1340 returned by WUliam Short, Peter le Muleward, BASINGSTOKE TO ODIHAM. 297 Richard atte Vanne, Henry Pokeriche, John Wigge, and Roger Hogheles at £4. The endowment of the church consisted in a messuage, a garden, a yardland and a half of arable and pasture, with belongings worth 29s. by the year. Mill and other small tithes, with oblations and mortuaries, were worth yearly 51s. Elisha Ambrose was, in 1535, rector of Eversley. His benefice was valued at £11 14s. Id., and charged with 6s. 3d. for procurations. It seems that Francis Barnes succeeded him in the rectory. Kits or Kitescroft was, Jan. 20, 1559, leased by Thomas Mortimer to Alexander Curwen, and its rent given, Nov. 26, 1565, to Thomas and Nicholas Parvis. On Nov. 28, 1612, Nicholas Parvis made over the rent-charge to Richard Beadle and others in trust for poor, aged, and sick parishioners. In the sixteenth century Thomas Attwood gave the Church House for the repara tion and maintenance of Eversley parish church. We find about that time one Deodatus Staverton, lord of Eversley manor, TheStavertona Richard Staverton, who died 1707, was rector of Eversley. The first connection of the Stavertons with Hampshire, so far as 1 can find, was by the marriage of Ralph Staverton, of Staverton, to the daughter and heiress of Heydock, of Greywell. Their daughter Elizabeth married Richard Patten or Waynflete, a kinsman of the bishop's, and their son Richard married one of the Siferwast famUy. His grandson Richard married Joan More, sister to the famous chancellor. Staverton bore argent a chevron between three water bougets vert, and in the younger branch quartered the Dabridgcourts coat of ermine, three bars humecty, gules. Under Rector Staverton, in 1700, one Home was parish clerk, ancestor to William Home of Eversley, whose youngest son, Thomas Hartwell, became famous as the author of the " Introduction," and other works of note. In his autobiography he has recorded some passages of his early life with his aunt at Eversley, his cate- chisings in church (Richard Cheese, rector of Bubcary, who died December 19, 1789, aged forty, was probably then curate of Eversley), and how he " learned to read at a dame school where our lady-like mistress took particular pains to make her young pupils read and spell distinctly." Recently an order has been passed for the enclosure of 1,211 acres of common at Eversley. Just south and south-west of BramshUl lie the wastes of Hazely Heath and the Hazely Heath. little tithing from which the hundred of Holdshot takes its name. In 1203 the Prior of Merton received a charter pro bosco in Heyshull vocat' le Garston Regis. In the time of Henry III. Hazely was a manor held of the manor of Basing stoke. It was returned as one hide in Horselegh held by the Prior of Merton of the king's holdings at Basingeshes. On Thursday after St. Barnabas, AprU (?), 1274, the prior was presented for VOL. III. Q Q 298 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Hartley Wint ney. improperly putting up gallows (on Hazely Heath ?) within the hundred of Basing stoke. Among the purpresture complained of in 1275 by the Basingstoke jury was specified the appropriation by the Prior of Merton of 3 acres at Hey sole (Hazely), common pasture belonging to the king and his men of Basmgstoke. In 1280 complaint was made against the Prior of Merton that his 'vUleins of Heggefeld did not render their due suit at Holeshete Hundred Court. In answer he proved their immunity by a charter of Richard I., confirmed by Henry III. Part of Hazeley heath runs into the parish of Hartley Wintney, of which we must note only that formerly it was the seat of a Cistercian nunnery founded by Roger Colrithe1 Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Roger Colrithe, and his son Thomas, in honour of the blessed Virgin, St. Mary the Magdalen, and St. John Baptist (?) We now step over the boundary of Hartley Wintney parish, and find ourselves again in the parish of Odiham. Odiham in 1084. ODIHAM. The earliest notice of Odiham with which I am acquainted, is that of the survey in 1084. It was then reckoned in Edefele1 hundred. King William held the manor, as Earl Herald held it before him. Fifteen teams there were in demesne, with one hun dred and thirty-seven villeins, sixty bordmen, and forty teams, fifty slaves, eight miUs, worth 56s. Id., twenty-one acres of meadow and wood, for one hundred and sixty hogs. In the days of the Confessor, the manor had been worth £50 by tale, that is, twelve thousand pennies counted out; in 1084, the fifty pounds of silver were reckoned by weight. There were four churches connected with Odiham, two of which, belonging to the manor, were endowed with two hides of land. The priest who served them had one viUein, with a team. The value of his endowment was £6. Two other priests held two other churches, with two yardlands of arable, as dependencies of the manor. Their endowments comprised one ploughland and a half, and were worth 67s. 6a7. Further it appears that half a hide of land had been taken from Candover in Bermesplat hundred, and added to the manor of Odiham. (1) Their name place of Colrithe passed to the Due de Montjoie. Colrithi sedes quo nomine nunc vocautur sunt III. per mil : citra Alton qua itur a Farnham ad Alton. G-ul : Montjoynus vendidit Colrithe. (2) In Hefedele hundred were included Wenesflet and Elveseham, of which more hereafter. To Edefel hundred belonged Ormeresfelt, held by Hugh de Montefort (or Montgomery ?), a large and important manor, with a church. In Efedele hundred was included the manor of Ber- chelie, of which,- perhaps, the locality may he sought south-west of Nateley Scures church (page 283). It was held by Edwin, in allodium under the Confessor. God win held it in 1084 ; it was then worth 20*. To the manor there belonged land enough for two teams ; there was one team in demesne, four villeins, and as many bordmen, with two teams, two slaves, a mill worth 20d., and three acres of meadow. The old assessment of one and a half hides had been reduced to one hide. There was a hundred of Odiham in 1084, to which belonged the king's manor of Esseham and Seldene, held by William Maldnith. ODIHAM. 299 At Odiham, in 1115, the king, it seems, kept his Easter. From a grant made by Henry II., to which Richard Toclyve, Bishop of Odiham in the b J J 1 j i r twelfth centurv Winchester, Earl William de Mandeville, Saer de Quincy, Thomas Basset, Robert de Stutevill, Richard Fitz Walkelin, and others, were witnesses, it appears that in the time of Henry I. Durandus the dwarf had, in the King's Court, bought of Suffadus a messuage and eight shillings' worth of land thereto belonging at Warne- burn and Odiham, with the lord's claim of herbage, quod Curiae sueepertinet queefuit Auti, rights in the king's wood of Odiham, sufficient with due care to find him in firing and hedge palings, and liberty to pasture twelve oxen with the king's oxen. He was not at liberty to take money for his right of pasture. All which holdings passed to his son WUUam, and upon his declaring before the king his intention of becoming a monk were, at his request, conveyed to his cousin Margaret and her husband, Alexander de Barentin, servant to the king. All the property conveyed lay within the hundred of Odiham. Odiham was a favourite station of King John in his Hampshire progresses. He K^s John at was at Odiham July 28, 1204, June 23 (going thence to Dogmersfield, where we find him June 25), Dec. 21, 22, in 1207, Feb. 13, May 7, 10-12 (thence to Wulvemer, or Woolmer, on the 27th), 30, in. 1209, March 30, 31, AprU 18 and May 10, in 1213, Jan. 15, in 1214, May 21, 22, 24, 27, 29, 30, June 4 (thence to Merdon on June 8), 9, 26, in 1215, AprU 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 1216. In 1203 a grant of their manor was made to the Odiham men. From that year, therefore, Odiham has been reckoned a borough. The borough of We have already seen that it was afterwards summoned to send burgesses to belongings in parliament, but never obeyed the sheriffs' precept. century'66"1'1 An order, dated from the Tower of London, Nov. 3, 1204, provided that the cattle on Warneburne manor, belonging to Hubert de Burgh, should be given up to him, and the growing corn of his sowing be valued and set against his debt to the king. The king when he granted the manor to Hubert had reserved to himself the cattle and stock thereto pertaining at their estimated value. The men of Odiham received a further grant of the farm of their town and its belongings, except the assarts made by John Fitz Hugh, which the king retained in his own hands. For that grant they were to pay the king one hundred marks. Their feefarm rent was fixed at £35 6s., the old rating, and £13 16s. increased assessment, half to be paid at Lady-Day, half at Michaelmas. On October 26, 1207, payment was ordered to John Fitz Hugh of his charges (properly taxed) in building a new chamber (uno thalamo novo) at Odiham and Woodstock, and digging trenches (fossatis fadendis) at Odyham. By order issued from Angouleme March 14, 1214, John Fitz Hugh was commanded to repair Woodstock House and Odiham and Windsor castles, make certain payments for the king's huntsmen and dogs, and defray the expenses of the Bishop of Tusculum, legate from the Papal see. Some two months afterwards he 300 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Odibam Castle besieged. The Forest. The Castle re paired. Wprdens of the Castle. received an order for re-imbursement of his costs expended on Woodstock houses, Windsor Castle, and the maintenance of London Tower, and Windsor, Hertford, Odiham, and Woodstock castles. From Odiham, on May 29, 1215-6, the king wrote to the pope, aUeging the contumacy of his barons as his excuse for not himself going to the Holy Land. From Odiham, where he was staying, attended by seven of his lords, King John went, June, 1215, to Runnimede for the great meeting of the barons of the realm. From Runnimede he returned to Odiham. A writ to the sheriff of Hampshire was thence dated June 27. On the Tuesday week after Whitsuntide in 1216, Prince Louis took Reigate, Guildford, and Farnham castles. Thence going to Winchester, he took the city on the morrow of St. John Baptist's day. Returning from Winchester, he besieged Odiham Castle. How the Uttle garrison of tres tantum milites et decern servientes defended their fortress ; how when, on the third day, the French brought their engines to batter down the waU, the three knights and as many esquires made a successful sally ; and how, a week of siege having passed, they surrendered the tower and marched out numero tredecim tantum salvis sibi equis et armis, is a household tale in northern Hampshire. On AprU 4, 1222, John de Venuz was ordered to let Engel de Cygoyn have twenty bream from the Woolmer pond to stock the Odiham ditches, bresmas de mara nostra de Wulfliemare adfossata nostra de Odiham instauranda. By order, dated at Winchester, June 4, 1224, GUbert de la Dene was appointed one of the verderers in the bailiwick of Odiham Forest in the place of Henry de Ferlegh, and the sheriff was ordered to swear him into office. On September, 1225, Adam de Bendenges was ordered 50s., the cost of lead pur chased at Winchester for the repairs of Odiham tower. Again, on September 19, Adam was ordered to let Mr. Jordan, the king's car penter, have two sticks of timber, fusta, from Odiham forest for making two shooting machines, virgas ad trubechettam, in Windsor Castle. The king was at Odiham September 27, 1225. The king, by order, dated at Alton, October 5, 1225, commanded the baUiff of Odiham to strip off the lead from Odiham tower and relead it partly with the old material and partly with fresh lead which the sheriff would send. A fortnight afterwards the sheriff was ordered to give the constable of Odiham two marks' worth of lead for the fresh covering of Odiham tower. In December, 1226, the provosts of Odiham were ordered to get the palisade, palidum, around Odiham tower mended, and the chimney of the tower repaired. The work was to be viewed by WUliam de Conyer and a jury of lawful men from the town. Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, received a grant of the custody of Odiham Castle. We have already seen that by his marriage with Joan, daughter to WUliam ODIHAM. 301 de Vernon, Earl of Devon, and widow of William de Briwer, (he afterwards, on February 11, 1221, married the Lady Margaret), lie received the Isle of Wight and the lordship of Christ Church. At one time he held the manor of Titchfield, in which he had succeeded John de Gisors, but that holding he gave up to the king in exchange for other lands. With the custody of Odiham Castle he received that of the Tower of London, and the castle and forest of Windsor. He had just before been granted a charter for the parks or parrokes and garden, gardino de la more, in the suburbs of Winchester. In 1234 the charge of Windsor and Odiham forests was committed to Ingel de Cigony. Geoffry de Bath received in 1235 a charter for four yardlands in Odiham manor. That same year the Bishop of Bath and Wells received a charter for three acres at Odiham to throw into his park of Dogmersfield. In 1237 the Countess of Pembroke, sister to the king, received a grant of Odiham Castle. Eleven years afterwards a grant of the manor was made to her as Countess of Leicester. S" In 1244 Engel de Cygoin being dead, the executors of his will gave up to the De Mont fort at sheriff his teams and stock at Odiham. They were transferred to Simon de Montfort, according to the terms of the written covenant made between him and the king. Simon was to account for them whenever the king should resume his occupa tion of the manor. Among the inquisitions of that time we find, 1245, land at Suthorpe and the Odiham land- manor of Odiam returned as held by Richard le Male,1 and three yardlands at Odiham, in 1249, held by John Benning, or de Bending. The following year William de Synago received a charter for Stappelegh 2 in the parish of Odyham. In 1253 William Villers died seized of two acres at Odiham. (1) His widow, the Domina de Male, afterwards held under lease from John and Richard Carter the manor of Odiham manor. Stapeleigh, Newlandes, and Bowres, in Odibam parish, (2) A certain charter was, in 1200, granted to Adam held under lease from George Barrowe, whose father, de Stappeley for rents in Stapley worth 37s., in Rya Robert Barrowe, had suffered recovery of the same. woTth 27*., and in Wallop 20s. They also claimed lands at Odiham, Hilside, Dogmersfield, John de Stapley held land at Stapley worth 47s. by Marchfeld (Winchfield?), Elvetham, Crondall, Stape- service of having a man (serviens, sergeant or esquire) lei^h, and Pauling (Poland). with two horses ready upon summons to serve forty days Rye and Poland, just mentioned, were sub-manors of in the king's guard anywnere during war. It appears Odiham. Poland was held under the castle. that John had alienated some two yardlands, and twelve In 1316, Robert, de Rye de Odyham alienated some acres of his holding, for which Robert Passelawe ordered tenements at Rye, near Odiham, to John de Stourton, him to pay the king one mark yearly besides his stipu- John paying the king 20s. for license to receive the same. lated service. Of another Hampshire Poleland we find that Sir Wil- In 1279, Edmund Synagor was returned as holding liam Melton, in 1398, died seized of the revenues of Stapele by serjeanty. He was bound to find a sergeant- the manors Bynteworth, Kingsclere, held of Winchester at-arms to serve in the king's army at home for forty Castle, with its belongings of pasture at Poleland, pasture days. at Holtmede and at Clere Wodelande, one messuage, one In the time of Elizabeth, John Ringsteade claimed yardland of arable, and two acres of meadow. 302 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The vicar ap pointed by the rector of Odiham be comes non resident. The Countess sojourns at Odiham. Odiham loses its records. The king's deputies at Odiham. Two parcels of land in the town or borough of Odiham, about this time, escheated to the king ; one, worth 12s., was held by Walter Bushe ; the other, worth 8s., had belonged to Richard Varecin. We find actions, in 1260, brought by the king against the prioress of Wincenee, Wintney (?), for ona yardland at Suthorp against Thomas de Bendinges, for one hide at Tygelherst, and John de Cheuredon for half a hide, belonging (so the king aUeged) to the king's manor of Odiham. The prioress and other defendants denied that the hide in question had ever belonged to the manor. About this time we find Adam de Marisco, in a letter dated October 9, and addressed to Simon, Earl of Leicester, complaining that the Earl had taken with him to Germany the vicar of Odiham, to the hurt of the parishioners, — vicarium Cancellaris Sarum, curandis animabus ecclesiee de Hodiham obligatum. On Feb. 22, 1265, the Princess Eleanor went to Odiham, and there stayed more than three months. In March she was joined by the Earl, who spent a fortnight with her, leaving on AprU 1st. Their establishment at Odiham was large ; the countess kept forty-four horses, the earl brought with him one hundred and sixty-two, and one hundred and twenty- eight horses more were brought by the Princes Edward and Henry, when they were sent to Odiham, March 17, 1265. Amongst the neighbours and others to whom the countess gave hospitality were, Ralph, the Abbot of Waverley, Edward de Marisco, Reginald Foliot, the Prioress of Wintney (wine was sent to her nuns when she dined with the princess), the wife of Thomas Alix, Margery de Creke, Katharine Lovell, Joan de Maule, daughter of Peter Brus and widow to Peter de Maule, who died 1242. Among other items in the expenses of the countess during her stay at Odiham, twice occurs the charge of sending over to Reading for the barber to bleed her daughter Elinor, afterwards wife of Llewellyn ap Gruffydd. In May she paid 3d. for baths. The expense of washing from Christmas to the end of May came to 15a7. The governor of Odiham at that time was H. le Fornum (Fonuner). There was a curious case in 1260, touching a certain cause between William de Winton and Adam de Aston, in which the sheriff of Hants with others were commanded to go to the King's Court at Odiham, and there in full court make certain returns. The sheriff answered the king that he had so gone to Odiham, and was there told by the bailiffs of the town that no brief, roll, or record existed by which a return could be made, insomuch as that when Henry le Fonuner, Constable of Odiham, in the time of Simon de Montfort, gave up the castle into the king's hands after the battle of Evesham, he took away with him all the documents. In 1275 an inquisition was held touching the claim of the Odiham men to pasture in Whytmondley Wood. In 1275 John de Loudon, king's escheater on this side the Trent, was com manded to take possession of and occupy the castle of Odiham. ODIHAM. 303 Two years previously he had been ordered to look after the manor of Wanebrowe (South Warnborough), which belonged to Henry de Longchamps. The sub-escheater of Hampshire was desired to seize upon all lands which John de la Lude, as tenant-in-chief, had alienated without the king's leave. Odiham Castle was to be held by John of Loudon (the famous mathematician?) during the king's pleasure. About this time one Nicholas le Gras ' was constable of Odiham Castle. It appears that he received it in 1282, the exits of the manor and park being till Christmas reserved to Ralph de Sandwich, after Michaelmas Nicholas was to hold castle, manor, and park at the yearly rent of £60. In 1290 the rectory of Odiham, in Basingstoke deanery, with its chapelry, that Odiham rec- of Greywell (?), was worth £66 13s. Ad., and the vicarage £8 yearly. The rectory of °ry" Liss (Lys), in Alton deanery, was a separate benefice, worth £16 13s. Ad. by the year. In Sombourne deanery there was Weston rectory, of £5 annual value. Bother- wick apparently had at that time no independent existence. In 1294, Hugh le Despenser received a grant of the castle of Odiham. The dower assigned September 10, 1299, to Margaret of France, second wife of Odiham pan of Edward I., included the Hampshire holdings of Southampton town, with small dower.eeQ rents, &c, worth £201 3s. 2d. (save the settled alms and charges) ; the castle, town, park, and hundred of Odyham, worth £60 ; the manor, town, and hundred of Alton, with smaU rents, &c, worth £88 15s. 6d. ; the castle, town, forest, and purprestures of Porchester, £16 13s. Ad.; Portsmouth town, £18 4s. 8a7. (save the accustomed allotments), and other manors and lands. By the inquisition of 1305 we find the revenues of Elvetham and Pollinge manors, common pasture at Holehurst, and the manor of Odyham, entered among Odiham in the the holdings of Henry de Sturmy, and just afterwards the revenues of Stapelege tury. manor, Winchester Castle, and Odyham manor among those of John de Beauchamp de Fyfhide. In 1314 we find licence of enfeoffment granted to Roger atte Burgh for his holdings in the manor of Staplegh and the manorial suits of court at Odi ham. In 1319 the castle and manor of Odiham were granted to Hugh le Dispenser the younger. He was also governor of Porchester Castle. The king's castle at Odiham was still carefully kept up : we find an order given in 1321 that the houses within the castle should be properly repaired. In 1321, Robert Lewer (or le Ewer) received a grant of the castle, manor, town, hundred, and park of Odiham. Ten years before, he had been made constable of the Odiham Castle. (1) I do not know his kinship (if any) to Geoffrey le inheritance of, and did homage for, all the lands lying Gras, who, through his wife Margery, amitam et heredem in Hampshire and elsewhere, of which Richard Folliot Matill. fit. et hr. Ric. Fuylet, in 1245, obtained the (Fuylot) died seized as tenant in chief. 304 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. In 1323, Margery de la Bergh died seized of the revenues of Stapelegh manor, with Odiham Castle and suit of court. Next year we find a writ issued touching the repairs of the houses within the king's castle of Odiham. In 1327, John de Meriet and his wife Maria were returned as seized of the manors of Odyham and Greywelle. In 1330, John de Mohun died seized of Odyham and Greywele manors. An inquisition was held in 1333 touching the right of common pasture be longing to Richard de Ayremynne, ChanceUor of Salisbury and parson of Odi ham. Odiham in By 1334 the hundred of Efedel had disappeared, and we find its tithings added to the hundred of Odiham, in which the lordship of Odiham, assessed at £4 2s. 8a7., with Warnebourne 57s. 6a7., and Greywelle 73s. 6a7., was not included. The tithings of the hundred were Lys, assessed at 79s. Id. ; Weston, 32s. lid.; Lasham, 32s. 2d. ; Bynteworth, 59s. 6\d. ; Dogmeresfelde, 67s. 9a7. ; Wynkesfelde, 18s. 2\el. ; Shaldene, 35s. 2d. ; Mourhale, 13s. ; Shyrefeld, 34s. l\d. ; Elvetham, 16s. 5a7. ; and Hertlegh, 28s. lOfo7. A t present under Odiham Out Hundred are reckoned Bentworth, Dogmersfield, Elvetham, Grewell, Hartley Wintney, Lassham, Lyss Turney1 (without Lyss Abbas, which is in Meonstoke hundred), Little Bramshill, Rotherwick, Shalden, Sherfield, Southrop (in Herriard parish), North Warnborough (Odiham parish), Weston Patrick, and Winchfield. Odiham Town or In Hundred takes in the Odiham parish tithings of Odiham, Hillside, Murrell, Bye, and Stapely. In 1340, Richard atte Coufuld,2 John de Tunworth, Gerard le Parker, and Roger Berchering refusing to make a proper inquest, the ninths were assessed according to the information laid before the Bishop of Winchester, which rated them at £20 8s. 8a7. The parish of Lys is separately valued. Rotherwick, Greywell, and Weston Patrick are not mentioned. The ninths of the little rectory of Weston Corbet were by Geoffry Joye, John atte Perones, and William Joie, reckoned at 12s. 6a7. In 1340 one Richard de Rokelande was warden of the king's colts, pullanorum, within Odiham Park. A royal Soon afterwards Odiham Castle served as the captivity place of the King of Castle™ '" ^ Scotland> taten prisoner at the battle of NeviUe's Cross. Under the year 1357 the chronicler records — Quo etiam anno, area festum Omnium Sanctorum, liberatus est David le Bruys, rex Scotiee, de diutina custodia, qua in castro de Odyam per xi. annos jugiter tenebatur, magna pecuniae summa mediante. (1) That is Lyss Sturmy, so surnamed from its Windsor Castle, a messuage and ploughland, the manor lords. of Greywell, and lands and tenements at Wintney Herte- (2) Richard atte Coufeld held at Rutherwyk, under ley, Matinglee, and Mignall. s e ODIHAM. 305 In 1351, John atte Berwe died seized of the manors of Stapelegh and Ichull, twelve acres at Odiham, held under the castle of Winchester, with lands, &c, at Wynchefeld, Dognersfeld, Elvetham, and Iweshulte. That same year WiUiam Tol'emaehe and his wife Jane enfeoffed William Sundry Odiham de Frenelesworth in four yardlands and a rood of land at Odyham, reserving to themselves eight acres at Petersfield, held of the honour of Tonbrugge Castle. The castle of Odiham was leased by Edward III. to Sir Bernard Brocas at a rent of £5 yearly. In 1364 the king complained to John de Foxle, Thomas de Hampton, and others in charge of his forests, that to the king's damage, certain Hampshire men had carried away wood fit for building purposes, borde maeremium, and other necessa ries bought and provided for the works in Odiham Park. In 1378 an inquisition was held touching the value of certain lands held by William Dobbes and others, of Odiham. In its return were specified the tenements at Odiham known as Stepcotes, Smethes, and Roneles ; Devises tenement, Sparwes tenement, Callescroftes meadow ; at Rye one messuage and one ploughland ; 2s. in rents at Hook ; twelve acres of land, and a tenement called Dunton, in Odiham, with other lands in Odiham Field. In 1404, Joan, widow of Sir John Mohun, died seized of Greywell manor and the Odiham suits of court. But we must not here enter further into the history of Odiham, tempting as may be the details, more especiaUy of its seventeenth-century fortunes, its church, its worthies, and its charities. The most interesting relics of its ancient glories survive in the traces of Odiham Existing ves- forest and parks. The vestiges of the old palace, with its so called chapel (the old odinam.ancieI1 chapel of the Parliament surveyors), an ancient hall now included in the Rectory grounds ; the palace bam, and the king's road, from the palace by the lodge, over the common, and thence continued (by the manor of Parkers or Gerards ?) through Greywell. The Castle of Odiham lies a little north of the town, on the banks of the Warn- The Castle. bourne (?), now caUed the White Water, in the tithing of North Warnborough. Within the lines of the old moat is enclosed about an acre of ground. On that space stands the buttressed, octagonal, two-storied keep. Both rooms, upper and lower, were furnished with chimneys. Besides the ruins of the keep, and some traces of earth works, nothing of Odiham Castle now remains above ground. Yet there can be little doubt but that careful trenching of its site might bring to light some interesting relics of the ancient fortress. Warnborough is now divided into two portions, the northern being a tithing of Warnborough. Odiham, and the southern ranking as a distinct parish. VOL. III. RR 306 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. South Warnborough, its church and chantry, its former dependence on the manor of Barton in Lmcolnshire, and the detaUs of its history, cannot here be further noticed. In like manner, we must pass by the ancient manor and parish of Greywell, the manor of Gerards, the parish of Upton Grey, and the tithing of Hoddington. FROM ODIHAM TO ALTON. From King John's Castle our course takes us through Warnborough (North and South) towards Alton. Somewhere between Alton and Farnham, in a wooded deU, not far from the high road which Ues a few mUes off on our left beyond Long Sutton, was the scene of the Passage of arms fight between Prince Edward and Adam Gordon, or Gurdon, one of those outlawed and the prince. foUowers of Simon de Montfort who had to shift for themselves as they best might. The prince, then attending the Parliament at Winchester, heard of the fame of the outlaw, and, fired with the desire of measuring swords with so brave a soldier, sought him out amidst the thickets of his retreat, and challenged him to fight. So nearly were they matched, that for some time the fortune of the contest seemed doubtful. In a pause of the fight, the prince offered Adam his life and advancement if he would give up his arms. The offer was accepted. Adam was sent that same night under safe escort to the queen at GuUdford. The prince restored to him his inheritance, and ever after cherished him as his faithful follower. So runs the story. From that passage of arms, turning to the records of the thirteenth century, we find in England many men surnamed de Gordon, or Gurdon, holding lands, some by De Gurdon and foe, some by servile tenures. Amongst them, so early as 1206, Adam de Gurdon, - ongi.igs. ^e kjng's servant, held a royal grant of the lordship of Tisted. Half a knight's fee at Seleburn and Ostede had been granted to him by King Richard. On August 7, 1214, the king's letter ordered Lord Peter, Bishop of Winchester, justiciary of England, to take care that the wUl of Adam de Gurdon, which he made of his movables and aU other things in England, except the land which he had of king's gift, should be strictly observed teneri facialis. On September 5, 1215, the sheriff of Hants was ordered to aUow the Abbot of Waverley facere commodum of the goods and chattels of Adam de Gurdon for the benefit of the said Adam. By an order of December 18, 1215, William Briwer was commanded to let Adam de Gurdon have the land within his bailiwick, which WiUiam de Kaune had held. On January 25, 1218, the sheriff of Hants was ordered to seize the lands which Adam de Gurdon held of WUliam de St. John in Selborne and Tisted. On July 19, 1225, the sheriff of Hants was ordered to let Adam de Gurdon carry away the crops which he had sown at Holt, in land held at farm of Peter do .;i<&; m If. - .4" •¦'<,. N N^ K FROM ODIHAM TO ALTON. 307 ChUteslegh, lately dead, notwithstanding that the king had granted custody of the land to Gunnora, Peter's widow, and ordered that she should receive seizin thereof. It would seem that in 1253, Adam died, and was succeeded in his lands by his Grants to his son of the same name. The inquisition of that year returns Adam Gurdon as seized ami y" of lands at Tisted and Seleborne. A few months previously Adam Gordon and his mother received a charter for their Tisted and Selbourne lands. That mother was probably the Amuria Gurdon to whom it appears that the lands at Selbourne and Tisted, worth £12, and charged with the sergeanty of one serviens, afterwards held by Adam the younger, were granted by King John. At the time of her husband's death Amuria's sons were under age. In 1257 Adam Gourdon, and his wife Constantia, daughter and heiress to John de Venuz, received the bailiwick of Woolvemer and Axiholt forest in fee. In 1262 Adam, and his wife Constance, applied for leave to have a free chapel in their manor-house. We find, about 1265, that Sir W. de Berkeley, entering Somerset with his foUowers, was routed by Adam Gurdon, in fugam ab Adam Gurdun custode castri de Dunster fugatus est et submersus. We find, that in 1267, and later years, Adam Gurdon was a landowner in Somerset and Dorset. In 1271 Adam and Constance granted to the canons of Selborne the Plestow. At the inquisition held at Selborne, the Friday after St. Valentine's Day, De Gordon's 1274-5, before W. de Braybeof and WiUiam Gereberd, by William Stavetly, John Hampshire - Serle, William Cook, Gerard de Colemere, Peter Baker, William de Arundell, Geoffery Aeteleye, William Roberd, William de Brech, John Redman, Walter de Neuwelegh, and William de Bradene, it was found that Adam Gurdon held half a fee in Ostede and Selborne, as given to his father Adam by King Richard ; and his claim to free chase of hares and foxes in and without the forest, as granted by charter of Henry III., was allowed.1 (1) The jury further made these returns : — 1. Manors of Selborne had not rendered suit for Selborne as bound alienated from the crown: — a ploughland and three perches by charter of Henry III.; the Master of the Temple, at Seleburne, granted to the prior in frank almoign, by Magisler Militie Templi, had not rendered suit for Henry III. ; Bene manor, of ancient demesne, held, by Suthampton manor for more than thirty years ; William what warrant the jury knew not, at fee farm by the prior de Valence had withdrawn suit for his manor of Nenwen- of Suthwike, alienated by King John; Farendon manor ton, and, further, had rendered the suit due for his manor (of ancient demesne), granted by charter of Henry II. to of Yuleshate at his own free court of Neuwenton ; the the Bishop of Exeter. 2. Fees of the king, &c. : — Ralph Bishop of Exeter had withdrawn the suit for his manor Russell, a fee at Neuwenton, under him held by William of Farendon, due by charter of Henry II. 5. Claims of de Valence ; the abbot of Hyde, Ores manor in frank return of writs, &c. : — The prior of Selborne, entitled, by almoign, and half a fee at Norton, belonging to his charter of Henry III., to gallows, assize of bread and beer, barony, and held under him by John de St. John ; Roger view of frank pledge, &c. ; William de Valence, by what de Mortimer, half a fee at Norton, held under him by warrant did not appear, the like liberties at Neuwinton ; Walter de Raddene. 3. The king's hundred dues : — One the Bishop of Exeter assize of bread and beer and view mark yearly from his hundred of Seleburne. 4. En- of frank pledge at Farendon. 6. Claims of free chace, croachments on the king's hundred rights : — The prior warren, &c. : — The prior of Seleburne, in Seleburne, by 308 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. —Sussex, In 1276 Adam Gurdon held lands in Sussex. bridgeshi"e. IQ Cambridgeshire, about 1279, Adam held lands under Simon Capoun. The said Simon held under the Prior of St. Neot's lands bestowed upon the priory by WUliam Peverel. In 1282 Adam de Gurdon was ordered to restore to the Bishop of Winchester and his men of Farnham the pasturage and other liberties which they had formerly enjoyed in Wolmer Forest. In 1284 was confirmed the grant, enrolled Michaelmas, 1248, by which the ser- geanty under which Adam Gurdon held Tystede and Seleborne in bailiwick was turned into tenure by knight's service for half a fee. In 1292 and in 1300 we find Adam Gurdon enfeoffing the Prior of Selborne in lands at Ockhangre. In 1293 we find Roger le MoUs, Geoffrey de Picheford, Adam Gurdon, and Simon de EUesworth, empowered to fine and release the prisoners in Windsor Castle who had been committed on conviction before Adam Gurdon of forest trespasses. Later notices of By writ of Sept. 30, 1295, Adam was empowered to raise three thousand men De Gurdon's n ¦ • j.i -0 1. family, TOr service in the French war. It appears, by the precept to the king's escheator in 1305, that Adam was then lately dead. He died seized of the bailiwick of Alicesholte and Wolvemere forests, the revenues of Tistede manor, the revenues of Selborne, a house and twenty acres at Stiepe, in Alton hundred, besides the revenues of the manor of Padindene, in Surrey. In 1337 Agnes Gurdoun died seized of lands in Surrey, held formerly by Adam Gurdon the younger. It appears that her daughter Joan became wife to Richard Orchard. Of the Orchards more elsewhere. In 1306 it would seem that Joan, daughter to Adam de Gurdon, obtained license to enfeoff James de Norton and his wife Elizabeth in Nutleye manor (a member of the manor of Worldham), Est Istede manor, and a ploughland at Seleborne. ALTON. Continuing our course, we presently come to the large and flourishing town of Alton, the Town of the Stream, not as misreadings of its ancient name have inter preted it, the ancient town. Its early his- At and near Alton, as in almost every other town of Hampshire, traces of Roman settlements have been discovered, such as the mosaic pavement found there in the last century. charter of Henry III. ; William de Valence, free warren king's hurt. 8. Knights' fees given to religious houses:— in Neuwinton, by what warrant did not appear. 7. A hide of land at La Rode, held by sergeanty of weigh- Purprestnres : — The Master of the Temple had, at Suth- ing money in the king's exchequer, alienated to the amton, in Wulvemere forest, by what warrant appeared abbess of Werewelle by John de Wildesore in the time of not, appropriated to himself thirty-eight acres to the Henry III ALTON. 309 Passing by, as not relating1 to our Hampshire Alton, the notice of lands at In 1084. Aweltune, which occurs in the wUl of Alfred the Great, we come to the statement that in 1084 Hyde Abbey held Aultone in Neteham Hundred.2 Under the Confessor the manor had been held by Queen Eddid. In her days it was reckoned at ten hides, but the villeins who occupied it paid upon only five, just as afterwards in 1084 the abbot held in demesne five hides not subject to hidage. Four teams belonged to the manor. In demesne were one team, eleven bordmen, two slaves with two teams, half a mill worth 4s. Id., two acres of meadow and wood for fencing. The manor was in 1066 worth £6, and £7 in 1084. It seems that the king held at Alton five hides at farm which Herding occupied hidage free in exchange for the house he had or rather pretended to have given to the king, the house being in truth (such was the testimony of the county), the king's own property. It appears that half of Alton, with its church, and other five hides of land with a church were given by King William to Hyde Abbey in exchange for certain other lands. The charter by which the Abbey of Hyde received their Kingsclere and Alton holdings was witnessed by Henry de Port Thus it was that whilst Alton Estbroke belonged to the Abbey of Hyde, Alton Ansteny3 was held by the monks of Battle Abbey. (1) This is sufficiently established by the charter of rendone, Froli, Hallege, Herlege, Hibesete, La Rode, August 19, 825, whereby Egbert of Wessex gave to the old Lesborne, Lidessete, Newentoue, Nortone (two manors), minster at Winchester fifteen manors or hides quindecim Wildchell, and Werildeham (two or three manors). manentium ai iEweltune, which at the death of Burhgbard In 1334 the hundred of Aulton foreign included the without children had escheated to the king. Now those tithings of Aulton abbot's, valued at 44s. Id. ; Ansteye, same fifteen hides are described in the record of Ceolweu's 26s. id. ; Haliborne Estbroke, 33s. 2d. ; Hurt/ugh, grant, which recites that they were left to her by one of 31s. 6d. ; Westworldham, 31s. ; Eslworldham, 25s. 'id. ; her husband's vassals, and that he was paid for them a Brockesheved, 20s. 6d. ; Lyddeshate, 22s. 6d. ; Brambel- price under the will of King Alfred. She by will left the shete, 29s. 'id. ; Chiltele, 15s. 6d. ; Crutham, 27s. ; laud with a gift of money to the monks of Winchester, Okhangre, 22s. ; Wynehale, lis. ; Chauton, 30s. 2d. ; towards building their cathedra], desiring to have an and Froyle, 75s. Sd. anniversary or yearly mind kept for herself and Osmond In the lordship of Alton were in 1334 reckoned the the fourth week after Easter (septimo die ante Rogationes, tithings of ^m^om, rated at 110s. ; Halybourne, 25s. 6d. ; seofan nihtan ar Gangdagan). The monks promised to Sutheyes, 33s. ; Wyhe, 25s. lOrf. ; Westcote, 24s. ; leave Wulfstan, her brother's son, the possession of the Isyntone, 43s. $d. ; Wateleghe, 17s. 6d. ; Benstede, land for life. 61s. Wd. ; Kyngesle, 61s. 6d. ; Thuddene,lSs.; Holtharn Other accounts speak of Egbert giving to the old and Rutherfelde, 20s. Sd. minster of Winchester the four manors of Peckenesford At present the Alton town hundred includes the tith- or Brohenesford (Droxford), Wordiam, Aweltone, and ings of Alton Eastbrook, Alton Westbrook, Anstey, Bedamptone or Beddimionam (Bedhampton). Willhall, and Thyding or Thedden, all in Alton parish. The Alton so given is in Wiltshire. In the Alton out hundred are reckoned the parishes of (i) Neteham, Haliborne, Hanstige, Greteham, Ciltelei, New Alresford (?), Bramshot, Chawton, Froyle, Greatham, and Selesburne, all belonging to Neteham Hundred, were Hartley Maudit, Kingsley, Neatham Rotherfield, the two held by the king in 1084. Under the Confessor, Lanch Worldhams, East and West ; the Dockenfield tithing of held Ciltelei and Ulward Haliborne. The Confessor Frencham parish (or extra-parochial ?) ; King's Binstead himself held Neteham aud Queen Eddid the other manors. aud Popham Binstead, tithings of Binstead parish and Besides those holdings just mentioned, there belonged the two tithings East Brook and West Brook, of Holy- to Neteham Hundred, the manors of Acangre, Benedlei, bourn parish. Benestede, Besete, Brenbesete, Brocheseve, Celtone, Fe- (3) Under Eddid, Hanstige (Anstey) was assessed at 310 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Ita church. Alton church was one of those which WiUiam Gyffard restored to the blessed Peter, Prior Ingulf and his monks ; the others being the churches of Alverstoke, Droxford Estsexentum, CrondaU, Fifhide (Fyfield), Patteneia Wemborga, Chilboltun Wils, Nursling, Milbrook, Wonston, Worthy, Portland, and Eldon. In 1156 the sheriff accounted to the king for 20s. paid by the men of Alton. Bishop Godfrey granted to Hyde Abbey a pension of 40s. charged on Alton rectory. The king at In June, 1204, the king was at Alton, thence going to Winchester and Kingston. From Alton on June 21st, sent his order that to his huntsman, Richard Hare, (Lepori), should be paid 10s. to buy himself a gown. We find him there again on March 13, 1217. By an order dated from Freemantle, September 19, 1205, the sheriff of Hants was desired to let WUliam de CornhUl have at Michaelmas, £30 from the farm of Alton and two marks more at another time. On November 4, 1205, an order sent from Freemantle advertised the barons of the exchequer that quittance had been given to William for the said monies which he had received from the sheriff. A further letter of October 15, 1207, apprised the sheriff that the king had given Robert de Venuz to farm all his land at Alton, retaining for himself the woods and their profits. Alton land- We find in the time of King John one Gunnora de la Hum acknowledging that a virgate held by her in Awelton was in the king's vUlenage, and that of such land no assize was taken, all which was certified by a jury of Hampshire knights. She further acknowledged that had she a daughter she could not give her in marriage without redemption, such an acknowledgment being in like cases taken as sufficient evidence of vUlenage. Thus, in 1213, we find a certain tenant asserting that no assize of his land could be held because he occupied it in vUlenage, in proof of which he alleged that he could not give his daughter in marriage, nee etiam masculum equum suum vendere sine redemptione. The Priaulx family were connected with Alton so early as 1207. Notices of the Alton holdings of Peter de Pratellis, WUliam de PiateUis, Maria de Curtenay, Peter's widow, and Robert de Curtenay, her husband, frequently recur in the records of the thirteenth century. De Priaulx lord We find by the contemporary record that in the thirteenth century the town of Awelton was held by William de Pratellis as three knights' fees. He paid for it yearly £123. In the hundred of Alton were Hachangre, held by William de Hachangre by hunting service, and worth 100s. ; WeriHe/iam, worth £ 12, held by John de Venoiz by marshal's service ; Fede, worth 40s., by Thomas de la Fede, his service was weighing the money at the exchequer ; Alsiholt, held for £15 by John de Venoiz ; Eymeric de Sacya, by gift of John, and Robert de BarevUl, by gift of Henry IIL, each held at Soleburn land worth 60s. five hides. Its arable land was enough for three teams. half. Its value was 50s. Having escheated to the crown, There belonged to it eight villeins with a team and a the manor acquired the privileges of ancient demesne. of Alton town. ALTON. 311 Without the hundred of Hagelton the manor was in the thirteenth century reckoned as worth £90 yearly. In 1225 we find Margery de Rivers (to whose husband Falk de Breaus, son- in-law and heir to Warin Fitz Gerald, the king, on March 23, 1216, had granted Alton) undertaking the payment of her husband's debts to the king, and authorised to collect -the debts due to his estate. WUliam Earl of Maundevill (rather W. de Mandeville, Earl of Essex ?) was ordered to account to Margery for a debt which his brother had owed Falk de Breaus. Among landholders connected with Alton in the thirteenth and fourteenth cen turies, notice may particularly be made of John de Venuz ; the abbeys of Hyde and Waverley ; Elias of Rochester, the marshal ; the families of Anstey, Heyes, Popham, Agulon, Paynell, &C.1 In 1290 the rectory of the church of Alton3 with its chapel was worth £60, a Alton rectory. pension was charged upon it of 20s., and the vicarage was worth £6 13s. Ad. Alton was five times summoned to send burgesses to parliament; but only once obeyed the precept. Geoffrey Touz and Adam de Bradeley sat for the borough in the twenty-third parliament of Edward I., held at Westminster. Twice afterwards during that reign and twice during the next to the summons of burgesses from Alton, Ballivi nullum responsum dederunt. In 1308, the Abbot of Hyde, fined 100 marks for leave to appropriate the church of Aulton in his gift. The money was assigned to Robert Fitz Payne, seneschal of the household, toward his expenses in crossing the sea. The ninths of Alton parish were in 1340 by Thomas de Westcote, Simon de Alton uinths in 1340. (1) In 1262 one Richard de Warneford died seized of Bramshot, Robert Valower, £18 17s. ; Colmer with Alton manor. Pryor's Deane, Peter Bentle, £22 17s. ; Greteham, Wil- (2) The values of the other churches in Alton deanery liam Mete, £6 7s. Id. ; Bentworth, John Palmes, £18 ; were at that time thus returned : Estistede, £S ; Chautone, Selborne with its vicarage held by Milo Persoun, and £8 13s. id. ; Farendon, £16 ; Niwenton with its chapel, worth £8 2s. ; Lasham, Richard Scharp, £7 is. ltd.; £20 ; Hertlegh, £10, a pension charged upon it 5s. ; Sele- Estistede, Doctor Harpesfeld, 1119s. 9rf. ; Faryngdon, burne with its chapel, £22 ; Froyle, £26 13s. id, a pen- Robert Fraunces, £19 13s. lOd. ; Chawton, Thomas sion charged upon it £4 6s. Sd.; Bynteworth, £17 6s. Sd., Wenne, £12 16s. Sd.; Shalden, William Pare, £10; pension £5 6s. Sd.; Lasschen, £6 13s. id.; Schalden, £5, Newton with its vicarage held by John Lucye, and worth pension £1 ; Lys, £16 13s. id.; Imbeshete, £6 13s. id. ; £13 19s. lid. ; Froyle with its vicarage, held by John Colemer, £13 6s. Sd. ; Brembleshete, £10 13s. id., pen- Acrew, and worth £12 ; Hertley Maudet, James Lockey, sion 13s. id. ; Worldham Major, £13 6s. Sd. ; Hetlegh, £10 7s. id. ; Emshot with its vicarage* held by Robert £13 6s. Sd., pension in Hetlegh £3. Blondel, and worth £5 16s. id. ; Estwarleham with its The deanery of Alton in 1340 included the parishes of vicarage and the chapel of Selborne, held by Nicholas Aultone, Estestede, Chautone, Faryndone, Nywetone Langrish, and worth £13 1 8s. ; the chapel of Chawton, cum Haukele, Selebourne, Hertlegh, Froille, Bynte- held by Thomas Wenne, and worth 55s. ; the chapel of worlh, Lasham, Shaldene, Worldham Major, Hethlegh St. George in Alton, and the church of WeBtwarham, Brembelshute, Lys, Imbeshute, Colemer, Bientelegh, (of appropriated to the Winchester New College. which the church was not taxed), and Grutham. The rectory of Alton was appropriated to Hide Abbey ; The ninths of the deanery were valued at £101 9s. 11 d. those of Selbourne and East Warldham, as they are Thedeanery of Alton in 1535 included the rectories of now, to Magdalene College; that of Froyle to St. Alton with its vicarage held by Ralph Harriett, and Mary's Abbey, Winchester; that of Emshot to Southwick worth £36 7s. Sd. ; Hedlegh, John Onethank, £24 13s. ; Priory. 312 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Heghes,1 John de Thuddene, Peter atte Mershe, Edward Thurstan, John le Brut, John atte Devere, Nicholas Wiard, assessed at £28. The church was endowed with a messuage, a yardland of arable, two acres of meadow pasture, worth yearly 60s., for six cows, two hundred sheep, and twenty-three hogs, and 24s. in rents. Tithes of hay, apples, mills, with small tithes, oblations, and mortuaries, were worth £22 7s. The ninths of the temporalities in Alton, held by the Abbot of Waverley, of which he owed to the king the tenths, were worth 50s.; those of the prior of Selbourne, 13s. Ad.; those of the Abbot of Battle (farmed out,) 20s.; and of the Abbot of Hyde (also farmed out), 35s. Alton land- In 1373 a writ was issued for an inquisition as to what damage there might be to the king in William de Trenchant, a Norman alien, holding a certain wood, known at Kingeswode, by Aulton or Alton, which Edward I. had given him, and other lands in Alton which he had himself acquired. In 1391 we find his holdings specified as at Alton, a messuage and ploughland 100s. in rent; and a messuage called Tatteshalle, otherwise called TittesaU, at Kingeswode, in Alton. It appears that he held all in right of his wife Alicia. He further held Rotherfield manor with the advowson of East Tisted church. We find again notice of his holdings in 1413, in which year Sir Henry de Beaumont died, seized of Trenchaunte's place, a messuage with lands and tenements at Alton. In 1457 Richard Holt died seized of the manors of Westcote, Colrithe, Bentley, Headley, Froyle, and Alton Eastbrook ; three messuages, half a ploughland, eight acres of meadow, and six of wood, at Aulton Westbrook, Whatley, and Kyngesle ; three messuages, three yardlands, and four acres of meadow, at Anstygh; one messuage and half a ploughland at Colmere ; one messuage and half an acre at Lys ; the manors of Belamy and Brome, in the parishes of Southwick, Brome, and Ichenstoke. Alton in the In 1535 the Abbey of Waverley paid yearly to the king's baUiffs of Alton 13s. Ad. sixteenth cen- for certain ]ands keld at ^etham. Ten marks the abbey paid to Hyde Abbey. The bailiff of Netham's fee was 20s. Waverley Abbey received from Netham yearly £55 16s. 6d., besides 3s. Ad. on account of the woods, and 6s. 8a7. in court dues. The Hyde Abbey lands at Alton were given to Richard Pexsall, who afterwards restored them to the king in exchange for certain holdings in WUtshire. In the time of Queen Elizabeth, Launcelot Andrews, by gift of Sir Francis Walsingham, held the lease of Alton rectory, granted towards his better maintenance at the University. Some notice has already been made of the fortunes of Alton in the strife between king and parliament. Of the achievements in that memorable Alton fight of Colonel Richard Boles, (1) Simon de Heyes, in 1361, died seized of lands and tenements at Aulton Heyes and Kyngeslee. i -;» gw %=S5* ^ AILTOH. ( From the IT W ) LONDOfJ VIK TUF, &/ ALTON. 313 the record was in 1689 inscribed in Winchester Cathedral by Richard Boles of Seventeenth Wilton, M.A. The marks of the baUs are stUl shown on the church, the scene of cen ury the conflict of December 13, 1643. In the interesting collection of archaeological and other antiquities from Alton and its neighbourhood, lately on view at Southampton, there was exhibited a very curious map of Alton, of date 1666. The "Swan" stood then where it does now. Normandy and Normandy Hill perhaps marked the site of Trenchard's holdings. Market, Lenten, Church, St. Lawrence, and Holy Lane, speak for themselves. Amory, the Vicarage, Turke Lane, and Nether Street, retain their old names. Cuts Pond, The Caige, Cros and PUle Lane and Canchangers, give in their names little bits of old Alton history. With the detaUs of the map may be compared the account in 1647 of the houses and lands given to the poor — four tenements by the water called Cutpound, on the left going from market to church ; tenements in Normandy adjoining Nether Street Lane ; land at the end of the town, by Spital mill, between the water and the road ; land in Great Nether Street, &c. The " making of baragons,1 a genteel corded stuff," which early in the last Alton trade. century was the manufacture carried on at Alton " by some of the people called Quakers," has given place to the more profitable trades of brewing, paper- making,3 &c, all more or less carried on by members of that same fraternity. For the breweries, the aptness of some of the neighbouring land for barley, with the excellence of the Alton hops, to say nothing of the " country Farnhams," near Odiham, and the almost unsurpassed Farnham hops themselves, grown within easy distance from Alton, may sufficiently account. Alton church is an interesting building, disfigured by large masses of woodwork The parish and whitewash heaped up everywhere, in total disregard of the plan of the original church- structure. Before entering the church from the south, we notice to the east a two-chambered priest's house, built into the chancel. After entering we observe the Norman chancel arch, with good pillars, a piscina, and aumbry just west, and to the east the broken oak stalls and rood screen work. Passing from the older part of the church under the thirteenth century arches, the shafts of which were at one time covered with rich paintings, some of them stUl preserved, we face the fifteenth century work of the north aisle waU. (1) To notices of the Hampshire clothiers already re- (2) Among the two hundred and eleven paper manufac- corded may be added that Burell cloths were in old times hirers representing two hundred and seventy mills, who largely made in our county. Every buriller, or woollen sent up the petition of February 19, 1864, we find the cloth worker, and weaver paid the king for each loom he names of Spicer Brothers and Martin Rowhe, both of kept at work within five leagues of Winchester a duty of Alton. 5s. The chaloners paid Is. for each loom within the The other Hampshire mill represented in that petition said distance, on which double chalons (draps de chalons was that of F. G. Giles, at Clatford.. The general substi- — shaloons? — chalones were blankets or coverlets) were tution of steam for water-power has greatly lessened the made, and 6d. for each single chalons loom. number of our Hampshire mills. VOL. III. S S 314 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The parish register. The grammar school. And other charities. In Alton church was buried " Xofr Walaston, grome of ye chambers, and one of ye ysftregere unto Hen. VIII., Ed. VI., Philip and Marye, and Elizth." Other noticeable memorial inscriptions are those which mark the tomb of Robert Fry, head bailiff of Alton, who died November 12, 1620 ; and sundry members of the Pinke famUy, such as Thomas the elder, who died 1713, and Thomas the younger, who died 1765 In the older register books belonging to Alton parish, no baptisms are recorded of earlier date than 1615. The register of burials dates from 1657, that of marriages from 1653. The appointment is noticed of a registrar of marriages made before the justices. No civil war deaths are recorded. Marriages and births are registered during the Commonwealth time. The registers of the last century are perfect and in very good condition. Alton Grammar School was founded under a trust deed of March 21, 1638, by John Eggar, of Montgomery, or Moungomeries, in the parish of Crondall. Like the founder of Harrow School, he was by degree a yeoman. He obtained for his school an Act of incorporation in 1641 ; chose under its provisions his first feoffees of the trust property — fifteen in number — and then died. March 20, 1641, before the school- house was finished. The school was opened in 1642. The site of the school-house, with other lands for the endowment of the charity, had been bought November 28, 1640. In 1741, when Chawton Common fields were enclosed, an allotment was assigned to Eggar's school, in compensation for loss of common rights. Of the other Alton charities, some date from the seventeenth century, such as Knight's gift, charged by John Knight, of Chawton (by wUl of August 15, 1617), upon Amery farm, in the manor of Alton Eastbrook ; the gift of Sarah Greaves, by will of May 1, 1640; Geale's gifts, almshouses, and annuity (now lost), by wUl of May 2, 1653 ; and annuity by deed of March 27, 1649, charged upon Cakermead, near Cakerbridge, in Alton Westbrook. Of earlier date is John Stent's gift, made by wUl (or by deed of 1592), to which reference was made in a document on the Alton charities of date January 10, 1602-3. Stent's gift was charged upon lands in and near Lenton Lane, afterwards belonging to his daughter Avis wife of John Butler. SELBOENE. From Alton on our way to Petersfield, we may go round by Selborne, that out-of- the-way village in a little nook of south-eastern Hampshire, which has become a household word wherever the EngUsh tongue prevaUs. For the fuU account of Selborne we must refer to the last edition of Gilbert White's1 charming book, (1) For the best edition of White's "Selbourne" we must the Wakes (Gilbert White's house), himself one of our await the completion of his work by the present owner of most distinguished English naturalists. SELBORNE. 315 supplemented by some previously unprinted memoranda published by Mr. Jesse, a sermon of date AprU 3rd, 1748, on the text 1 John iv. 20, which appeared not long ago in the Journal qf Sacred Literature, and other like scattered notices of the Selborne historian. Of the Hanger, illustrated by the engraving, the description may best Selborne be given in White's own words, taken from one of his letters to Thomas Pennant — " The covert of this eminence is altogether beech, the most lovely of all forest trees, whether we consider its smooth rind or bark, its glossy foliage, or graceful pendulous boughs. The Down, or sheeg walk, is a pleasing park-like spot, of about one mile by half that space, jutting out on the verge of the hill-country, where it begins to break down into the plain, and commanding a very engaging view, being an assemblage of hill, dale, woodlands, heath, and water." The "beech-grown hill" was a favourite retreat of GUbert White, and its charms are the theme of two out of his few published sets of verses. Among somewhat rare plants found in the Hanger, White notices Vinca minor, Monotropa hypopithys, Gentiana amarella,1 Ophrys (?) nidus avis, Daphne laureola, Daphne mezereum, Lycoperdon tuber.2 Of the early history of Selborne there are few records. Early history By a charter purporting to be the work of King Edgar, he is made to give Eadgifa, his grandmother, sixty-five hides mansas at Meone, bordered at the north by the stream of Seolesbournan, or Selboum. From Domesday Book we learn that of the royal manor of Selesbume, formerly held by Queen Eddid, and which had never been rated for hidage, the king had given half a hide with the church to priest Radfred. In 1066 its value was 12s. 6d., in 1 084 it was worth 8s. Ad. The priory of Selborne was founded by Peter de Roche, and endowed by the king in 1215 with the manor and rectory of Selborne. The order to the sheriff bidding him to take possession of the lands of WiUiam Selborne in the de St. John, which Adam de Gordon held in Seleborne and Tiestede, was of date ce^y_ January 25, 1218. On the following March 27th a like precept was issued touching the land in Seleborne generally, which King John had granted to WUliam de St. John in bailiwick. By a writ of December, 1221, ordering the restoration of lands to Robert de BarevUl, it appears that he had holdings in Seleborne. In 1233 the Bishop granted Basing and Basingstoke churches to his canons of Selborne. In 1270 the prior of Selborne obtained for his manor of Selborne a charter for market and fair. In 1290 the prior's holdings in Selborne were worth £6. At Bromdene, his (l) The beautiful marsh gentian flourishes abundantly (2) The business of truffle hunting is still regularly fol- on the open heath stretching northwards of Odiham. lowed in some parts of Hampshire, Cheriton for example. 316 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Fourteenth centurv. William of Wykeham at Selborne. The priory sup pressed. holdings brought him yearly £1 16s. 2d.; at Shete, 17s.; Thedden, lis.; and 12s. in rents at Winchester. In 1292 Worldham rectory was appropriated to the priory of Selborne. In 1334 the hundred1 of Selebourne included the tithings of Selebourne, rated at 21s. 2d.; Faryndone, 45s. Id.; Nortone, 35s. 6d.; Tystede, 39s. 3d. (bis); Imbeshete, 15s. 6a7.; Newytone and Hauekly, £4 10s. 6d. The ninths of Selbourne as assessed, in 1340, by John Bradeshute, Robert atte Oure, Adam le Mason, and WiUiam Horn, were worth vhiH xnd. The endowment of the church consisted in one messuage, fifty-four acres of arable, one of wood, aU worth £6 7s. 8a7.; rents and services worth yearly 28s. The tithes of hay, mills, and other smaU tithes, with oblations and mortuaries, came yearly to £10 10s. Ad. In 1377 WUUam of Wykeham made the Selborne canons a present of their debt of some £70, and added a gift of 100 marks. In return the canons engaged that two of their body should say mass for his soul's health, twice every day, for ten years to come. Wykeham, in 1387, visited3 the priory of Selborne, hoping to reform the order of the house and restore its ancient use : but the evU customs which had grown into the canonical fife were too deeply rooted for eradication by the bishops, and Selborne having long scandaUsed the diocese with the secularity of its canons, who might almost have been the originals of Chaucer's and Longland's sketches, became a nuisance no longer to be borne. In consequence thereof the Austin or Black canons were turned out by WUUam Waynflete, who gave the priory to his coUege of St. Mary Magdalene. In 1462 he sequestered the revenues of the priory, and in September, 1484, and again in 1485, confirmed to his coUege the appropriation of the revenues. On the suppression of the priory a chantry priest was still maintained at Selborne (Sir Nicholas Langerish in 1533), who received yearly from the coUege £9 6s. 8d. In 1535 Magdalen CoUege derived from Selborne itself an income of some £20, £6 from farm of a tenement and land known as Selborne Graynege with £9 4s. in rents from tenants. The rectory was worth to them £6 13s. Ad., the farm of the demesne priory lands £6, the priory mill 24s. Ad., average sale of wood 6s. 8a7. For the later history of Selborne, the annals of its vicarage, the fortunes of the Temple and other manors, we must again refer to GUbert White's account of the parish. (1) Seibonrn hundred now includes the parishes of Empshott, Farringdon, Hawkley, Newton Valence with its tithing of Noah Hill, Selbourne with the tithings of Norton and Temple, and East Tisted. (2) It is not possible within the limits of this notice to enter further into the details and results of these in quisitions, although the picture thereby presented to us of the priory life is very interesting. White does not record in his antiquities of Selbourne that the priors had upon induction to give the bishop's commissary, by way of induction fee, a palfrey with saddle, a cope, and pair of hoots. '£.. i=3 PETERSFIELD. 317 PETERSFIELD. From Selborne we go south untU we arrive at Petersfield, an ancient borough of The " Peters- which the history has been well recorded in the published account of the famous " Petersfield case," inquired into, in 1820 and 1821, by committees of the House of Commons, on the petition (presented May 11, 1820), which aUeged amongst other things that the mayor (the returning officer) ought to have been elected by the baUiff of the borough, and not by a jury of court-leet nominated by the steward of Mr. Joliffe, lord of the manor, and that burgesses as well as freeholders had a right to vote. On June 16, 1820, it was resolved that the election of burgesses was vested in the freeholders ; whereupon a petition of appeal was presented February 2, 1821. It was unsuccessful, the original resolution being confirmed May 30, 1821. Ecclesiastically a mere chapelry of Buriton, Petersfield dates its origin as a Origin of the borough from the charter granted by WUliam, Earl of Gloucester, and in 1108 con- oroug ' firmed by the Countess Hawisa. By that charter the burgesses, house-builders, and residents in Petersfield were to enjoy, in their guUd merchant granted by the earl, all the liberties, &c, which the Winchester men in their guild merchant enjoyed. Among the witnesses to the confirmation of the charter were Henry Hussey (Hosatus), and William de Falaise. The Earl of Moreton, afterwards King John, held the earldom of Gloucester in right of his wife. In April, 1 198, he confirmed to the Petersfield men the liberties granted by his father-in-law. Among the witnesses to that charter of confirmation were William de Falaise and William de Columbers. Six years afterwards he granted to Dorford minster aU the moorland which lay between his holdings at Petersfield and the vill of Hertinges. At the same time he granted a quittance of toll in the town of Petersfield. On April 31, 1205, William de la Falaise was commanded to give, or rather restore, to the Count of Evreux seizin of the manors of Petersfield and Mapeldere- ham, with chattels, stock, &c. By writ of January 4, 1214, the Sheriff of Southampton was ordered to deliver to Petersfield in the executors of the will of the Count of Evreux all his chattels in Petersfield and ceutu,yttieilt Mapeldurham. By writ of August 9, 1214, addressed to the Sheriff of Southampton, the king gave to Geoffrey de Mandevill, in marriage with Isabella, daughter to William, Earl of Gloucester, the manors of Petrefelde and Mapeldureham, with their belongings, as part of the honour of Gloucester. On May 27, 1215, the king transferred them to Savaric de Malleon. On the next October 14, 1215, he gave them to Roger de la Chuche, or Suche, and on 318 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Inquisitions and pleas touching the manor. March 15, 1217, desired Roger to assign out of those manors a reasonable dowry to MUesand, widow of Almaric, Count of Evreux (to whom the manors had belonged), upon her marriage with William de Cantelupe the younger. In 1248 Petersfield was granted to William de Clare, with remainder to his brother Richard. In 1250 (the year in which the Prior of St. Swithin obtained a market and fair for his manor of Whitchurch), William, brother to Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, received a grant of free warren, &c, in his manors of Mapelderham and Peters field. Two three-day fairs were granted to Petersfield in 1255. The inquisition held on Tuesday, the morrow of St. Barnabas, April, 1280, before Bartholomew de Yatingeden and Guy de Taunton, by Richard Amgaunt, Nicholas Clement, WiUiam le Parvare, Hugh Maurdim, John de Beytun, Henry Clerk, Peter Turevile, John le Burges, WUliam Gileberd, Robert Tanner, and others, made presentment that, with others, Matilda, Countess of Gloucester and Hereford, had withdrawn herself from doing that due suit and service at the king's hundred court of Porchester which she owed for her holdings of Mapeldureham and Petresfeud. In 1280, that same year, she was summoned to show cause why she took yearly two marks from the men of Petersfield for fair pleading. Her answer was, that they appertained to her dowry as of the inheritance of Earl GUbert de Clare. She offered the like defence of her claim to assize of bread and beer in Mapletreham. She also claimed the return of writs in that manor. Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, claimed exemption from suit at Fynchesdome hundred court for his viUeins at Maplederham. Upon the death of Gilbert de Clare, the inquisition held the Tuesday after St. Vincent's Day, in 1296, found that at the town of Petersfield, held of the honour of Gloucester earldom, there were yearly two views of frank pledge, worth 26s. 8d. ; that the toUs were worth 100s., and the pleas and perquisites of court 26s. 8d. by the year. Free tenants paid £7 6s. 3\d. (?) The sum total of the earl's revenues from Petersfield came to £15 8s. 9^d. At Mapelderham the earl's assized rents were valued at £10 7s. 10^d., four acres of wood at 6s. 8a7., pasture at 10s., a windmiU at 10s., due every Michaelmas, pleas and perquisites at 26s. 8o\, and a tenement at a rent of 6d. or a pair of gilt spurs. Petersfield sent burgesses (Henry de Celario and Richard atte Brouke) to the (1) Gilbert further held under John de St John, at Corhamptone, a capital messuage, with cartilage, worth 5s. ; ninety-one acres of arable, worth (at Sd. the acre) 22s. 9d. ; an acre of meadow, worth 3s. ; pasture, worth 21s. Sd. ; twelve acres of wood, worth as many pence ; a water-mill, 26s. Sd. ; rents of free tenants at Michaelmas, 8s. llf <2. ; of customary tenants paid quarterly, 41s. Sd. ; Chirechet, 2s. 6d. ; labour of tenants, 16s. id. ; pan nage, 4s. ; pleas and perquisites of court, 2s. 6d. In sum, £1 16s. Oid. At Clatford the customary rents and labours were worth £7 9s. &d., paid quarterly ; pleas and perquisites of court, lid. Sum total, £6 10s. 6d. PETERSFIELD. 319 Carlisle parliament of 1307.' It was not again represented in parliament until the year 1552. The hundred of the borough of Petresfelde was in 1334 rated at 34s. In 1347 Hugh de Audele, Earl of Gloucester, in right of his wife Margaret, was returned as seized of Petersfield town, with rents at Mapelderham and Upper Clatford. In 1415 the Petersfield men were granted certain exemptions from toll, stall age, &c. By will of November 14, 1420, John Fromond left legacies to Mapulderham and Petersfield. To the church at Mapuldurham 20s., and as much to his poor tenants, AOd. to the chaplain (curate) of the parish, and 12a7. to the clerk of the church. For the fabric of Petersfield church he left 13s. Ad., and 2s. to the chaplain of the parish. Upon the forfeiture of lands by "poor Edward Bohun" the borough was, March Petersfield in 20, 1521, granted to Sir Henry Weston, with remainder to the king. century66" Upon the rents and farm of lands and tenements held in Petersfield by Magdalen College, valued in 1535 at £16 2s. l\d., were charged the yearly payment of one mark to Durford Abbey, 7s. 3d. to the bailiff of Petersfield borough, sundry pay ments for land held formerly by the Duke of Buckingham 2s. 9s, land known as Kesewyte, 2s. lid., and suit of court 12a7. The college paid 6d. yearly to the churchwardens of Petersfield. By inheritance, the manors of Maplederham, Cornehampton, and the borough of Petersfield, passed through Sir Henry to Sir Richard Weston, who sold them to Thomas Hanberie (or Hanbury), Esq. We find Mr. Hanbury proceeding against George Duncombe, Edward PhUlips, Arthur Hinde, and William Tribe, for recovery of the title deeds. Thomas Hanbury having bought up the Weston property at Petersfield, &c, the The Hanburya queen, July 23, 1599, sold him the crown interests in the estates for £266 17s. 6a7. at x>eterlieia- The lands, &c, were to be held by fealty in free and common socage, of the royal manor of East Greenwich. Petersfield was rated at £7 17s. 2d., Cornhampton at £6 17s. 3d., and Maplederham at £3 Is. 5a7. For an account of Mr. Hanbury's troubles reference must be made to the " Petersfield case." We find Thomas Hanbury, on AprU 6, 1611, obtaining from the king a con firmation grant, for which he paid £20. The grant confirmed to him the manors of Cornehampton (worth £6 13s. 10a7), Mapledwrham (worth £9 13s. 8d), the (1) In that Carlisle parliament of 1307, the Hampshire William Laurens and John Horewod; Farham, John knights were Richard de Burghunte and Thomas de Chan- Oysel and Henry Brasour; Andover, John Amove and combe ; the citizens for Winchester, Robert de Caunter- John Ercheband. El pro aliis burgensibus ad hoc par- bnry and Edward Strout; the burgesses for Portesmouthe, liamenlum venire factis breve regis retornatum fuit Robert le Burgois and Henry le Someter ; Southampton, ballivis libertatuum de Basynggestoke, Aulton, Ody- Bartholomew le Engleis and Nigel de la Wylderne: ham, Corporis Christi Ecclesia, et Insula Vecta, qui Alresford, John de Byketon and William Bysy ; Overton, nullum vicum inde dederunt responsum. 320 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. The and their signia. Churcher'sCollege. manor and borough of Petersfield (worth £9 19s. Ad), to be held by fealty in free and common socage of the manor of East Greenwich, and the manor of Maple derham (worth £14 5s.), formerly belonging to the monks of St. Swithin, to be held by military service as the tenth part of a knight's fee. The exchequer suit then pending was decided Nov. 19, 1613. James I. purposed the incorporation of the borough, but it does not appear that any charter of incorporation was ever executed. In 1693 Ralph Bucknal bought Petersfield from the Hanburys. Edward Gibbon, father of the Gibbon, bought it in 1719. In 1739 Petersfield passed by purchase to the Joliffe family. In 1820, the resolution of 1727 was confirmed, which defined as the burgesses of Petersfield those who were freeholders of lands, or ancient houses, or shambles on ancient foundations within the borough. The borough of Petersfield, like that of Lymington, possessed a common seal, although it never received a charter of incorporation. The town mace and seal were sketched and described in the Record of the Herald's Visitation of 1686. The centre of the seal is occupied by a small escutcheon bearing an annulet (or voided roundel ?) in fess between three roundelets. From 1552 to 1662, except in 1572, the Petersfield return of burgesses to par liament were all made under the common seal, the " town seal " in 1588. After wards, up to 1734, the seal was added to the subscriptions of the mayor and returning burgesses. In 1734 its use was discontinued. Petersfield church is coeval with the borough, but its ancient work has been much overlaid by modern disfigurements. The statue in the market-place, represented in the engraving, was given to the town by Mr. WiUiam Joliffe, then burgess in parliament for Petersfield. The " golden horse " was put up in the New Way soon after the middle of the last century, and thence, little more than fifty years back, removed to what was considered a more convenient site. Of Churcher's College the history was in 1823 published in full. The school was founded by wiU, dated January 16, 1722, of Richard Churcher, barber-surgeon of London, and East India merchant, brother to Adam Churcher,1 of Petersfield, (1) In a lease of December 18, 1744, Adam Churcher is described as late of the borough of Petersfield, pewterer, deceased, and a former churchwarden of, in, and for the said borongh. In 1708, Edward Hunt, gentleman, being mayor, James Churcher and Thomas Andrews the younger were churchwardens of Petersfield. The trustees of Churcher's charity, as appointed by will, were Robert Michel, Esq., Sergeant Miller, Lewis Buckle, Esq., Dr. John Bettesworth, George Ailmer, cierk, John Hyland, of Southwark, and Adam Churcher. In 1732, the wardens of the college were John Bettes worth, LL.D, ; Thomas Bates, of Alton, Esq. (elected May 20, 1729, in place of Buckle, deceased); Charles Cole, of Lyss, Esq. (October 20, 1727, elected— then being of Ditcham — in place of Aylmer, deceased) ; John Cowper, of Ditcham, Esq. (elected April 13, 1730, in place of Mitchell, deceased) ; Richard Hassell, of Peters field, Esq. (elected July 2, 1730, in place of Miller, deceased) ; Adam Churcher, gentleman ; and John Hyland. Bettesworth, Churcher, and Hassell were, in 1737i h is PETERSFIELD. 321 specially with the intention of training lads for apprenticeship to masters of ships trading to the East Indies. The charity was further regulated by statute of March 19, 1744. In later years it was the subject of a long proceeding in chancery. Our notice of Petersfield involves of necessity some further account of the Mapelderham manor of Maplederham, of which it was originally held. In 1084 the large manor of Maplederham, in Ceptune hundred,1 was worth £25. The manor in chief was assessed under the Confessor, when Ulveve tenuit et Mathild regina habuit, at twenty hides, but in 1084 at thirteen. There belonged to it arable land enough for twenty teams. There were in demesne four teams, thirty-four vUleins, fifteen bord men, with fifteen teams. There was a church, eight slaves, three mills, worth 20s., and five acres of meadow. Wood there was enough for thirty hogs. The herbage was worth 6s. 3a". yearly. Of the manor in chief one Albold held two hides and a half, in the time of the Confessor held by Tedgar without power of alienation. In demesne was one team, five villeins, three bordmen with a team, two slaves, and an acre of meadow. Further, Richard de Tonebrige, quando terram de regina habuit, gave three and a half hides of the manor to Tetbald. Formerly it was held without power of aliena tion by two rachenistee. There were in demesne two teams, four villeins, eight bord men with one team, and two slaves, and one acre of meadow. The wood was worth 6a7. Notwithstanding the value of the whole manor was only £25, the tenants paid £32 rent. Albold's part was charged at 60s., that held by Tetbald at £4. The manor of Mapeldereham, in the hundred of Wlputta, was granted by King John to Terric Teuton, who regranted it to Rolland de Senesta, who in the thirteenth century held it valued at £4 under the Earl of Gloucester in fee. On October 23, 1204, the sheriff of Southampton was ordered to let Roald, the Mapelderham king's valet, have during the king's pleasure, and reserving to the king corn and J"e^ g^t" stock, land to the value of 100s., out of that sometime held by Robert de St. Remy, in the manor of Mapelderham. At that time Ralph de la Falayse and Robert le Marchant held at Maplederham of old enfeoffment under the Earl and of the honour of Gloucester three parts of a fee. The church of Mapeldereham with its chapel was, in 1290, worth £46 13s. Ad. turned out by chancery, on acconnt of not being resident tithings of Shete, rated at 37s. Sd. ; Buryton, 35s. 6d. ; in Petersfield. Their places were taken by John Joliffe, Westeyton, 20s. 2d. ; Mustede, 20s. 5d. ; Chalghton, Norton Poulett, and John Radcliffe. 72s. Sd. ; Hentone, 57s. Id. ; Clanefelde, 55s. ; Ides- (1) Petersfield and Buriton (with tithings, Nurstead worthe, 28s. Sd. ; Kateryntone, £i Is. lid.; Blende- and Weston), the parishes of Blendworth, Catheriugton, worthe, Ills. 6d. Chalkton (with its tithing of Idsworth), Clanfield, the To Buriton parish belong the four tithings of Maple- Petersfield tithing of Sheet, and the tithing of Hinton dufham (or Buriton), Weston, Nursted, and Sheet, all Danbeuey, belonging to the parishes of Catherington and within Mapledurham manor, with the reputed manor of Hambledon, make up the hundred of Finchdean. the borough of Petersfield. The tithing of Sheet belongs in 1834, the hundred of Fynchesdean included the to the chapelry of Petersfield. VOL. HI. IT 322 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Mapelderham ninths in 1340. Buriton rec tory. Porchester as our ancestors found it. The manor of Mapelderham was at that time worth £2A 7s. 1 fa7, yearly to the prior of Winchester. In 1300 the prior of St. Swythin obtained a charter of free warren in Mapelderham.1 The Mapelderham ninths were in 1340 returned by Simon de Bolyngton, John le Skynnare, WUliam de Chedeham, Nicholas de Litleton,2 at £10 6s. The church was endowed with a messuage, arable land, meadow, pasture, and assized rents worth £8 13s. lid. Tithes of hay and other small tithe, with oblations and mor tuaries, came to £18 3s. 6d. The ninth of the temporalities held by the Abbot of Dureford were £6, and of those held of the ab. prior of St. Swithin 70s., for which tithe was paid to the king. In 1535 the rectory of Buryton,3 then held by WiUiam Hazel, was in farm of glebe land, tithes, and oblations worth £33 6s. 8d., subject to a yearly payment of 9s. ll\d. for procurations and synodals. From Petersfield we make our way by the Forest of Bere towards Porchester along the road from Sheet Bridge, for the reparation of which Acts were passed 1710 for twenty-one years, 1726 for twenty-one years more, and continued by Act of 1741. Among the trustees appointed by Act of 1741 were the Mayor and Aldermen of Portsmouth, the Mayor of Petersfield, Sir Charles Wager, Thomas Missing, Esq., Edward Gibbon, Esq., and Pusey Brook (Commissary of the prisoners at Portsmouth, the purchaser of Vandyke's portrait of Charles I., given by the king to Sir Daniel Norton). PORCHESTER. SUchester itself scarcely excepted, Porchester is perhaps the most interesting relic of Roman dominion now left in Hampshire. Its position before the tidal currents of the Solent had sUted up the beach on which it stood may have given it the prefix by which our ancestors distinguished it from the other Chesters of Wessex. The rectangular form of the Porchester fortifications has been supposed to indicate their early Roman date. The hollow semicircular towers, the bonding courses, like those of Silchester walls, and the absence of pounded brick mortar,4 are peculiarities specially to be noticed. (1) Also in Berton, Eston, Litleton, Avinton, Comp ton, Silkested, Muchelmeres, Hoghton, Shuteshalling, Hussebourne, Whitchurch, Wike, Chilbolton, Wensing- ton, Westmeones, Exton, Henton, Crundale, Sutton, TCatele, Hoddington, Wotton, and Hunton. (2) Richard de Lytleton was on the inquest jury of 1307. Adam de Pytlye, Henry le Marchant, Roger de Iddesworth, William Goson, Henry de Dereford, and others, were his fellow-jurors. Nicholas Liteltou was on the jury of 1387. (3) By mistake, Buriton has been identified with a certain manor of Bereton, or Barton, belonging to Hngh de Colunces, which, having escheated to the king, the sheriff of Southampton was, September 5, 1 204, ordered to value and deliver, with its belongings, stock and seed corn, to Payne de Chaworth, retaining the growing crops for the king's use. (4) In 500 grains of Silchester mortar there were 231 grains of carbonate of lime, and 96 of sand or plaster. In 500 grains of Porchester mortar the bits of flint weighed 88 grains, leaving 61 of fine sand, and 351 car bonate of lime. PORCHESTER. 323 The twelfth-century keep, the late fourteenth-century adjoining building, and the remains to the south of sixteenth-century work, are all worthy of careful examination. Nor less interesting is the parish church in the south-east of the castle square. Of the Roman history of Porchester we know next to nothing. That to being on the Portus Magnus, or (liyag Xtju^v, it owes the first syllable of its name is a seventeenth-century fancy, of which the bare statement is almost its own refutation. Nothing can be clearer than that Ptolemy, proceeding eastward, saw in the channel, between Hurst Castle and the Needles, his Portus magnus stretching to the north of Vectis, and then further to the east the great flood of the Terstan and its tributaries, the native name of which he latinised into Trisanton. The old story runs that one of the twenty-eight chief cities of Britain was Caerperis, i.e., Porcestria (built as other fables tell us by one Gurgant, son of Belin, who lived 375 B.C.), and that at the said Caerperis, Vespasian, invading the country to make war against the Belgas, first landed. But on these ancient legends we must not dwell. The old stories about Cogi- dubrus, &c, can find no place in this account of Porchester and its foundation. There seems no sufficient reason for rejecting the account given by the earliest Early history English writers that one Porta having landed near the place now known as Ports- of PoroheBte|,> mouth, the lordship, which he in that neighbourhood gained by his sword, was after wards distinguished by his name.1 By a charter of confirmation granted by Edgar, at the petition of Bishop Ethel- wold, it appears that Porchester, oppidi quod Porteceaster nuncupatur, had belonged to the church of Winchester, and had been exchanged for thirty-eight manors at Waltham, quoddam rus quodprisco Wealtham onomati xxxviii. cassatorum. The charter of exchange dates from 904, and was given in villa venatoria qua Saxonice dicitur Bicanleag. In it the Porceastra lands are specified as forty manors sunt autem illius manentes xl. cassati. It seems that in the time of the Confessor Porchester was held by Alward, Aluric, and three freemen, whose names are not mentioned. Alward's portion was assessed at one hide, and worth 15s. In 1084 there be- Porchester in longed to it arable land enough for one team. In demesne was half a team, two the eleventh ... . ' century. vulems, and two slaves with half a team. Aluric held under the king as a separate manor, allodially, two hides all but one yardland, to which belonged arable land for two teams. In his demesne were one team, three villeins, four bordmen with half a team. There were on the manor two slaves, two mills worth 5s., and two acres of meadow. It was worth 25s. In 1084 both holdings had passed to William Malduith, under whom Fulcold held the manor which had belonged to Alward. Aluric's manor was then worth 30s. (1) Thus Roger of Wendover tells us that Anno gratia Port Portesmuth nomen accepit. Porro, ducem regionis DI. Port et duo filii ejus, Bleda el Magla, cum duabus illius expellentes, maris littora occuparunt, et locum nuvibus applicuerunt in Britannia, in loco qui de nomine ilium desertum inhabitare coeperunt. 324 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Porchester and Wymering manors. The manors of Portsdownhundred. William also held the three manors which had belonged to the three freemen unnamed. They had been consolidated into one manor, and their assessment lowered from five to two and a half hides. To the manor belonged land for five teams. Two teams were in demesne, five villeins, four bordmen with one team and a half. There were four slaves, a fishery for the supply of the Hall, and wood for five hogs. Under WiUiam, Durandus held one hide of the manor, and had in demesne one team with a mill worth 30d. In the days of the three freemen the manors were worth £3 10s., afterwards 100s., and £6 in 1084. Part of Porchester was parcel of Wimeringes manor in Portesdone hundred, to which belonged in demesne two teams, sixteen villeins, six bordmen with four teams, two slaves, wood for five hogs, besides four hides at Coseham, and the said land at Porcestre. At Coseham the king, as lord of Wymering, held in demesne one team, eight vUleins, eight bordmen with five teams, two slaves, and a saltern. The occupiers of the manor in the time of the Confessor were eight burs, one coliberti, with four teams, paying a rent of 50s. all but 8d. In the Porcestre part of the manor there were in demesne one team, one villein, six bordmen with one team, one acre of meadow, and wood for ten hogs. Besides the king's manor of Wimeringe, and the Porchester manors, there belonged to that district, which, taking name from the conqueror Porta, was known as Portesdone hundred,1 Hugh de Port's manors of Aplestede, the site of the modern Wayley Island, with part of Stanshaw and Stubbington ; Bocheland, held by Alward under Earl Godwin, and by Heldred under Hugh de Port ; Betametone, held under the new minster (Hyde Abbey), one hide in Borehunte, part of Coseham; William de Warene's manor of Frodintone ; the two manors at Coseham belonging to Anschitil fitz Osmund ; Copenore, belonging to Robert fitz Gerold ; four manors at Borehunte belonging to the monks of St. Swithin, Earl Roger (with dependencies), Odo, Bishop of Winchester, and a certain miles unnamed. (1) In Portsdown Huudred are now included Bed hampton, Boarhunt, Farlington, Portchester, the guild- able part of Portsea, Southwick, Widley, and Wymering. In 1168, in the computus rendered by the sheriff of Hants, pro falso judicio, Portsdown Hundred is entered for twenty shillings. In the Hundred of Portesdoune were in 1334 reck oned the tithings of Bedhamptone, rated at £4 8s. 10 ± ii t. j. ¦ • i. • l under the Duko tnat Portsmouth began to rise into eminence as a seaport. of Normandy. At Portsmouth Duke Robert, in 1101, landed, with intention to wrest the crown from his brother Henry. Henry I. spent his Whitsuntide at Portsmouth in 1123. There Matilda and her ally Robert, Earl of Gloucester, landed in Sept., 1139-40. At Portsmouth King Richard landed, August 12, 1189. On February 11, 1192, Queen Alienor landed at Portesmue. On May 2, 1194, the king, on his way to Barfieur, gave to the good men of his Portsmouth demesne town of Portsmouth their charter for a weekly market and yearly fair, with court of pie powder, &c. Fair and market were to be as free as those of Winchester. The fair of Free Mart was to be held for a fortnight at the holytide of St. Peter ad vincula.1 The charter also gave exemption from suit at hundred and county courts, tolls, passages, &c. King John granted a like charter October 25, 1201. The chapel of the Blessed Thomas the Martyr in Portsea parish, belonging, with the churches of Porchester and Portsea, to the canons of Southwick, was built in the time of Richard Toclyve on a site at Sudmede, given by Richard de Gisors. In 1196 Godfrey de Lucy consecrated St. Thomas's churchyard. In 1201 we find two mills at Portsmouth granted to the monastery of Fontevrault. In the time of King John Portsmouth was a great shipbuilding port. The notices of the port in the records of that reign are very frequent. We find orders given in 1214 for shipping at Portsmouth the king's hounds, for transport to Poitou. The sheriff was ordered to supply Richard de Brademar and Gilbert de Montibus with whatever they required for the hounds. On February 2, 1214, King John with the Queen and troops embarked at Ports- Portsmouth a mouth, and after a week's stay at Newport, Isle of Wight, crossed to La Rochelle, t"r'":m where he landed February 16. The king spent at Portsmouth his Whitsuntide of 1217, thence planning to cross to Poitou. (1) On June 2, 1 224, order was given that La Ri- mouth, should (the proper and usual security being chardeine, a ship of God's House, Barbefle, commanded taken) be allowed to leave the port at the feast of Vincla by William Pollard, which had been arrested at Ports- Bi Pet. tury seaport. 334 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. But the notices of Portsmouth trade and shipping which occur in the records of the thirteenth century are far too numerous for citation. Amongst them are notices of payments made to masters of ships, orders for the release of vessels arrested at Portsmouth, grants for the furnishing, victualling, and manning of fleets. On January 9, 1225, an order was given for the conveyance of Cornish wrecks to Portsmouth. Among sundry notices of the baUiffs, the burgesses, and the men of Portsmouth, may be speciaUy noticed the crediting the burgesses, on September 29, 1222, with two tuns of wine they had given to Philip de Albany for the king's use, as a set-off against the fine they had made with the king for their liberties. Shortly afterwards they were ordered the sum of £A 7s. lid., delivered by the king's precept to GUbert Champiun de dono nostro defirma xillae sue de anno regni nostro V. By letter dated Freemantle, December 6, 1213, the sheriff was ordered to give to one William de Wyk seizin of a certain open space (placed) in Portsmouth. Nine years later the sheriff was bid, tUl further notice, let Stephen le Val have quiet possession of the house at Portsmouth sometime belonging to WUUam de la Wik, held of the bailiwick of Philip de Albini. An order of September 27, 1227, addressed to the bailiffs of Portsmouth, gave MatUda, widow of Stephen le Veel, permission to remain in the house free and undisturbed. A certain portion of land in Portesye the king had granted to Walter Ruff, to be by him given to whomsoever of his knights or squires militibus vel servientibus he might choose. It appears he gave it to WUliam de Plais (Plessey). On December 19, 1215, the sheriff was ordered to let WUliam Briwer have the land. God's House at Peter de Roche founded at Portsmouth the Hospital of God's House, dedicated Portsmouth; to gL Jolm Baptist and St Nicholas. In 1215 the hospital was endowed with messuages at Portsmouth. In 1224 there was a grant to God's House of lands in Portsmouth. In 1229 provision was made that the privileges of God's House should not encroach on the rights of the parish church, to which, by way of fealty, the hospital was bound to pay five shillings quarterly. In 1237 another royal grant was obtained for the hospital of St. Nicholas, at Portsmouth. its endow- Soon afterwards the Prior of God's House, at Portsmouth, was returned as holding at Froditon half a fee, by old enfeoffment under Hugh de Plessey, whose lord was the Earl of Warren. It appears that in 1283 the Bishop's Hospital of St. John Baptist, at Portsmouth, received a grant of Uberties, &c. Certain lands and tenements in Frenschmore, by the manor of Burghton, were held by the Prior of St. Nicholas. In 1347 we find them confirmed to WUUam de Overton in fee for a perpetual payment to the prior of £5 yearly. ments. PORTSMOUTH. 335 In 1306 the prior of God's House received a grant of free warren in Portsmouth. The advowson of the Hospital was in 1316 given to the Bishop. Richard de Wykeham was warden of St. Nicholas, Portsmouth. To the hospital Bishop WUUam of Wykeham left a set of vestments and a chalice. In 1535 the Hospital of St. Nicholas, Portsmouth, of which John Incent was master, was worth in gross £79 13s. l\d. Alms fees and other settled charges reduced that value to £33 19s. 5^d. The fortunes of the hospital chapel, after the dissolution of the religious house God's House to which it belonged, may be very shortly noticed. First used as the Chapel Royal attached to Government house, it was afterwards converted into a garrison chapel. It is now being "restored." The heavy chalice paten, &c, belonging to the chapel were the gift of Queen Anne ; the service books were given by George III. Of the Portsmouth lands recited in a post reformation terrier as having formed part of the holdings of God's House, the very names are now for the most part forgotten. Returning to the history of the town, we find that in 1218 the burgesses of Ports- Portsmouth in mouth petitioned the king to enforce the articles of their charter which gave them century. their own courts. In May, 1224, the great expedition for Poitou was prepared at Portsmouth. Adam de Porteseye was one of the justices appointed June 14, 1225, to hear causes at Winchester. His associates in commission were Walter de Rumseye and Roger de Balun, Martin de Patteshull being justice-in-chief. Andrew de Porteseya held in Copenhever, under the Earl of Warren, three parts of a knight's fee. A curious case, in which the fee farm rent of Portsmouth was noticed, was settled by writ of December 15, 1226. WUliam Briwer the elder had engaged for £100 to sell the custody and maritage of Duncan de Lascelles to the Bishop of Chichester. William being dead, the bishop offered, if the son would make good his father's promise, to take upon himself the payment of certain monies due from William to the king, namely, £18 received in 1215 from the men of Portsmouth in favour of their town, £61 2s. 6a7. in like manner received from the men of Alton, 10 marks received from Richard de Warneford as due from him to King John, and 10s. due from William on the farm of Kingston. The balance of the £100 the bishop would pay to the executors of William's will. In 1229, Henry III. gathered at Portsmouth his great army intended to do so Greatarmament much, but destined to do nothing. His army of English, Irish, Scotch, and Welsh was such as had never been seen before for magnitude. Having in the spring of the year spent some time at Portsmouth (he was there on April 20, 1230), he embarked April 30, and landed at St. Malo May 6. By charter of date November 17 and 18, 1230, the king gave the men of Ports mouth their town in fee farm. 336 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Rovalembarka tions at Ports mouth. Landholders at Portsmouth. Portsmouthvicarage. Among many notices of Portsmouth as a place of embarkation for France two or three are subjoined. MCCXLII Die translations S. Nicolai Rex et Regina, Ricardus Comes frater Regis et R. Marescallus miserunt se in mare apud Portesmuthe versus Wasconiam. Anno MCCXLIII Rex rediens de Wasconia applicuit apud Portesmuthe VII Cal. Octob. et in Vigilia S. Michaelis vinet Wintoniam. MCCLIII In Festo S. Trinitatis, quodfuit XVII Cal. Julii Henricus Rex Angliee fuit apud Wintoniam ; et inde porrexit apud Portesmuthe ad transfretandum in Was coniam. Henry III. was at Portsmouth again on August 1, 1253. MCCLIV Regina in Vigilia Pentecostes venit Wintoniam; et Lenta feria recessit versus Portesmuthe ad transjretandum in Wasconiam cum Edwardo primogenito suo ad Regem. From this reign date the charters of AprU 5, 1255, and July 4, 1256, which gave a guild merchant, &c. In the thirteenth century, within the hundred of Portenduna, GUbert le Kaun- piun held Portesmua, a king's escheat worth, with belongings, £20. In the same town Richard de Launde,1 by gift of Richard I., held thirty-five shiUings'-worth of land. Midelton, also a king's escheat, and worth £12, was held by Matthew Fitz Herbert in a gift of King John. So Herbert Fitz Matthew 2 held Esteny, rated at four hides, and under him Roger de Merlay held Froditon (Fratton) at half a knight's fee. In 1267 the question was tried in the courts whether John, son to Philip de Porteseye, maternal uncle of WUliam de la Hale, was at the time of his death seized in demesne, as in fee of twenty-two acres at Portesye held by Henry Fitz Henry le Peshur. Henry declared that he received the land from John, who was a bastard. The jury decided that John did not die seized of the said land, and gave the verdict for Henry. WUliam, the unsuccessful defendant, was declared a pauper. Richard de Porteseye was one of the Hampshire knights, in 1280, empanelled to try pleas of Quo Warranto. The inquest held upon the death of Richard de Porteseye returned that he was not possessed of any land. It was, however, in 1318 proved that he held under the Earl of Arundel forty acres of new purpresture in La Bere, subject to an annual rent of 7s. Ad., rendered at Winchester Castle every St. Nicholas Day. From May 3, 1260, dates the endowment of Portsmouth vicarage, Thomas de Singleton being then vicar. (1) In 1225 the case pending before the bailiffs of Portsmouth between Philip de Mills, petitioner for, and Richard de Lands, holder of a certain ploughland with its belongings in Eingeston, was ordered to be put off usque ad oct. claus. Pasch, (2) It would seem that Eastney Emsworth, and other members of Warblington manor, had fallen to the king as Norman escheats, and by him been granted to Matthew Fitz Herbert. In 1240 Herbert Fitz Matthew obtained a grant of free warren in Emelesworth, Warblington, Portsea, Hundinton, and Erie's Stoke, with a market and fair at Emelesworth. PORTSMOUTH. 337 A further endowment deed dates from May 22, 1454, John Tone was then vicar, remitting the hundred shillings, which by the earlier deed the vicar was bound yearly to pay to Southwick Priory, giving him all the profits of the benefice except tithe of corn and the pension from God's House, and charging him with the maintenance of the chancel, &c. In 1290 the vicarage of Portesmewe was worth £6 13s. Ad. ; the rectory of Porte seye, with its chapel, £30, its vicarage £10 ; and there was a pension in the church — £1 10s. 6a*. The rectory of Porcestre was worth £9 6s. Sd., and the vicarage £5. The rectory and vicarage of Alwardestok were worth £36 13s. 40". A side-note in the record tells us that Est Capella de Portesmewe, &c. The Prior de Grana, in 1290, received Apud Burghege quod taxatur cum redditu de Portesmuth ad £2 8s. The great meeting of September 1, 1294, to which Nicholas CrioU (who married Great meetiujr Margery, daughter to Gilbert Pecche), on December 8, 1316, appointed admiral of all at Porl8month- England south of Thames and Severn, with all the other great lords, was summoned, was fixed at Portsmouth. Among the Hampshire lords summoned to Portsmouth, of which Eustace de Hacche was the governor, were Edmund de Mortimer, Matthew de Luwein, John de l'Isle, Governor of Carisbrook, and Alan Plunkenet. In 1321 right of free warren in Portsey and Frodinton was granted to Robert de Portsmouth and Halsted (or Halsey ?). fourteenjh ^ In 1332 the burgesses of .Portsmouth received confirmation of their charters, for century. which they fined ten marks with the king. In 1334 the borough of Portesmuthe was rated at £12 12s. 2d., Porchester borough (Porcestre intrincec') at £8 5s. 3d., and the "foreign" (Porcestre forinc') at £2 8s. 6d. In 1340 the ninths of the parish of Porteseie were, by Thomas Stacy, Roger atte Ligh, John, son of Ralph, the clerk, John Bacpun, Robert Waryn, Richard le Carpenter, WUliam Hiche, John Henry, Waryn le Muleward, and Stephen Hiche, returned at twenty-one marks. The church was endowed with a messuage, garden land, and pasture, worth £4 lis. 8d. Tithe of hay and other small tithe, with obla tions and mortuaries, was worth £19 18s. 10a7. The Portsea ninths of temporalities belonging to the Prior of Suthwik were worth 4s. 8d. Notwithstanding those notices of shipping and trade which we have observed, so Portsmouth s far was Portsmouth from having attained a pre-eminence as a naval port, that in 1345 fo"rteenth-cen- . . 'UI7 naval port. it was rated at only half Lymington's contingent of ships, Portsmouth contributing for the siege of Calais but five ships and ninety-six sailors ; in the expedition of 1324 Portsmouth, like Hamble and Boldre, had been rated at one ship. In 1346 the king embarked at Portsmouth with 1,500 (or 1,050?) navibus bene apparatis. He was in the Isle of Wight Sunday, July 2. The chronicler tells us the embarkation was in festo Translationis Beati Tlwmae Martyris, which some have supposed to be a mistake for the eve of the translation of St. Thomas the Apostle. VOL. III. x x 338 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Portsmouth in the fifteenth century. Portsmonth in Leland's time. In 1349, as the holdings of John de l'Isle de Gatecombe, were returned forty acres at Portesey apud Halesey, the manors of Warblynton and CheckhuU, the manor of Gatecombe, held under Carisbrook Castle, lands and tenements at Merston, and the suits of court at Neuport. One ploughland at Kyngeston by Portesmuth was, in 1349, returned among the holdings of Sir Nicholas Malemayn. A great muster of ships, under Guy de Bryan, was made at Portsmouth in 1369. On June 14, 1371, the king remitted to the Portsmouth men their debt of £20 for that year, with £40 arrears, and gave them exemption from payment of fee farm rent for the next ten years, as an aid towards the rebuUding of their town. On July 13, 1377 (and again in 1380 ?), Portsmouth was attacked and set on fire by the French. It had been burnt before in 1265. When, in 1383, the enemy tried by scouring the Channel to cut off aid from the Bishop of Norwich and his crusaders, then besieging Ypres, the Portsmouth men fitted out an armament, and succeeded in driving back the enemy. All. which, the chronicler tells us, was done of their own act, virtus propria stimulaverat, probitas innata succenderat. The earliest charter stUl extant among the Portsmoutn corporation records is that of 1384. The oldest of their rent-rolls is of date 1469. In July, 1386, the expedition for Spain set sail from Portsmouth. Many notices of Portsmouth, its importance as a port of embarkation for France, its shipping, its trade, and other matters various, occur in the records of the reign of Henry V. We find in the year of his great attempt the king, with the Dukes of Clarence and Gloucester, embarking at Portsmouth July 3, landing in Normandy August 1. In 1445 Margaret of Anjou landed at Portsmouth on her way to Southwick Priory, where, on AprU 18, she was married to Henry VI. In May 14, 1475, there was a great encampment of troops on Southsea Common, the king being present. Edward IV., Richard III., and Henry VII., were the great fortifiers and enlargers of Portsmouth harbour. Portsmouth dockyard may be considered to date from 1509. On Corpus Christi day, that is, June 17, 1557, in the mayoralty of John Younge, as appears from the report sent October 2 that year to Edward Busshe, Esq., general surveyor, there was a destructive fire in Portsmouth storehouses. For the appearance of Portsmouth in the earlier part of the sixteenth century, we must refer to old Leland's description of— " Thinges that I notid on the Este side of Portesmuth Haven. " The Land heere rennith farther by a great way strait into the Se by South-Est from the Haven Mouth then it dooth at the Weste Poynte. PORTSMOUTH. 339 " There is at this Point of the Haven Portesmuth Toun, and a great round Tourre almost doble in quantite and strenkith to that that is on the West side of the Haven right agayn it : And heere is a mighty chaine of Yren to draw from Tourre to Tourre. " About a Quarter of a Mile above this Tower is a great Dok for Shippes, and in this Dok lyith part of the Rybbes of the Henry Grace of Dieu, one of the biggest Shippes that hath beene made in hominum memoria. 11 There be above this Dok 2 Crekes in this Part of the Haven. " The Castelle of Portchester standith a 3 Miles by Water from Portesmuth Toune. " The Towne of Portesmuth is murid from the Est Tour a Forowgh lenght with a Mudde Waulle armid with Tymbre, wher on be great Peaces both of yren and brasen Ordinauns, and this Peace of the Waulle having a Diche without it rennith so far flat South-South-Est, and is the Place moste apte to defende the Town ther open on the Haven. " Then rennith a Diche almost flat Est for a space : and withyn it is a Waulle of Mudde lyke to the other : and so thens goith round aboute the Toun to the Circuite of a Myle. " There is a Gate of Tymbre at the North-Est Ende of the Town : and by it is cast up an Hille of Erth dichid ; wherin be Gunnes to defende entre into the Toun by Land. " There is much vacant Ground within the Toun Waulle. " There is one fair streate in the Town from West to North-Este. " There is but one Paroche Chirch in the Town. " There is a Chapelle in a vacant Ground to the South- West side of the Town, toward the " There is also in the West- South- West Part of the Toun a fan: Hospitale sum- tyme erectid by Petrus de Rupibus, Bishop of Winchester, wheryn were a late xij. poore Men, and yet vj. be in it. " I lernid in the Toun that the 2 Towers in the Haven Mouth were begon in King Edworde the 4 tyme, and sette forewarde yn Building by Richard the 3 ; Kyng Henry the vij. endyd them at the Procuration of Fox, Bishop of Winchester. " King Henry the vij. at his first Warres into Fraunce erectid in the South Part of the Towne 3 great Bruing Houses with the Implementes to serve his Shippes at such tyme as they shall go to the Se in tyme of Warre. " One Carpenter a Riche Man made of late Tyme in the mydle of the High Streate of the Town a Town House. " The Toun of Portesmouth is bare and litle occupied in time of Pece. " King Henry the vij. of late tyme sette in Portesmuth Capitaines, and certen soldiours in Garrison. " The Town of Portesmuth standith in a corner of an Isle bering the Name of Portesmuth. " This Isle is in Lenght a vj. Miles and a 3 Myles in Bredth. 340 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. " This Isle berith good Corn and Grasse. " The Ground is made an Isle by this meene : There brekith out an Arme of the Mayn Haven about a 3 Miles above Portesmuth, and goith up a 2 Miles or more by Marisch Grounde to a Place caullid Portebridge, 2 MUes from Portesmuth. Then brekith there out a nother Creke out of the Mayn Se, or Avant Haven, and goith up also to Portebridg, and there is the Ground insulatid. " The Ground within the Isle of Portesmuth is partely enclosid, frutefuU of Corn and hath sum Wood. " From Portesmuth Toun to Portesbridge of 2 Arches of Stone ij Miles. " This Bridge is the Limes of the Isle. " And heere I markid one Arme of Salte Water ebbing and flowing that cuTnmeth owt of Portesmuth Haven up by Marsch Ground onte Portebridge. And an other Creke thens from the mayne Se to the same Bridge. And these 2 Crekes meting at the Bridge make the Isle of Portesmuthe. " From Portebridge partely by Portdown a playn Ground, partely by Woodde to Southwike a 4 Miles. " South wik is a good bigge thorough fare, but no celebrate Market. The fame of it stoode by the Priory of the Blake Chanons there and a PUgrimage to Our Lady." Southsea Castle was built in 1539 by Henry VIII. Burgesses for We have already seen that Portsmouth, Winchester, and Southampton were the Parliament. on^J Hampshire boroughs returning burgesses to parliament in the time of Henry VIII. , and that burgesses sat in Parliament for Portsmouth so early as 1295 or 1298. In the Carlisle Parliament of 1307 the burgesses were Robert le Burgois and Henry le Someter. We must not here enter into the history of the controversies as to the precise rights of the mayor and commonalty, the mayor and inhabitants, the court leet, the commonalty, and the other forms under which the governing bodies of Portsmouth disputed their respective prerogatives. Suffice it to note that in 1449, 1451, and 1473, the return of burgesses to Parliament was made by the commonalty. The vicarage of Portsmouth held in 1535 by Nicholas Damyars modo Rector (?) was worth £5 10s. The rectory was appropriated to Southwick priory. The vicarage of Portissay (the rectory was appropriated to Southwick priory;, held by Thomas Adams, was worth, in farm of glebe land, tithes, oblations, &c, £9 13s. 9^0*., subject to a deduction of 9s. Id. for procurations and a certain rent. In 1540 the farms of Portsmouth and Portsey rectories were valued at £26 6s. 80*. The rectories of Portsea and Portsmouth were, July 12, 1543, granted to Winchester College. A two-days' naval battle, beginning on July 18, 1544, was fought off Portsmouth between the French cruising along the Isle of Wight, under the command of D'Annabaut, and the English off Spithead, commanded by Lord Lisle in the Great PORTSMOUTH. 341 Harry. In the course of the engagement the Mary Rose, up to that time, except the famous Henri Grace de Dieu, the largest English ship ever built, went down with Sir George Carew and some six hundred men on board. The whole fleet of Edward VI. (except the Henri Grace de Dieu, which lay off Woolwich, and a couple of ships of Deptford) lay at Portsmouth. It amounted to 53 sail of 6,255 tonnage, manned by 5,136 seamen, 1,885 soldiers, and 759 gunners. Edward VI. visited Portsmouth in 1552, and found " the bulwarks (Chaterton's, Edward vi. at Haselford's, &c.) chargeable, massie and ramparted, but il facioned, il flanked, and set in unmete places ; the towne weak in comparison of that it ought to be to houze great (for within the wallis ar faire and large closis, and much vacant rome), the haven notable great, and standing by nature easie to be fortified. And for the more strength thereof we have devised two strong castellis on either side of the haven, at the mouth thereof. For at the mouth of the haven is not past ten score over, but in the middel almost a mile over, and in length for a mile and a hauf, hable to bear the greatest ship in Christendome." From the middle of the sixteenth century do the old Portsmouth records for the Portsmouth most part date. The frank pledge and borough court record from the mayoralty of records'1011 John Elton, 1551; the piepowder court belonging to the market from the reign of Elizabeth; the borough guild court from the mayoralty of Richard Jenens, Esq., 1636. Records of sessions date from September 2, 1662, and of court leet from 1674. In June 1563, introduced, as was said, by Portuguese ships, the plague broke out at Portsmouth. Sir Adrian Poynings was then governor, and Darbie Savell mayor of the town. The fortifications of Portsmouth, made by Edward IV. and Henry VII, were Portsmouth greatly strengthened by Elizabeth. defences- By way of contrast to our modern iron-clads, let us note what were the guns of the navy of 1599. Of the forty-five ships which composed it, the Adventure carried 4 culverins and 11 demi-culverins, all of brass, 5 sakers, 2 fowler hulls, and 4 fowler chambers, all of brass ; the Eliza Bonavente, 2 cannons, 2 demi-cannons, 11 culverins, 14 demi-culverins, 4 sakers, 2 mynions, 2 port-piece hulls, 4 port-piece chambers, 2 fowler hulls, 4 fowler chambers, all of brass ; the Maria Rose carried 4 demi- cannons, 10 culverins, 7 demi-culverins, 4 sakers, 3 port-piece hulls, 7 port-piece chambers, all of brass, with 1 culverin and 3 demi-culverins of cast-iron. Sir Henry Radcliffe was Captain of Portsmouth in the eventful years 1571, 1572, 1577, 1580, 1583, during which the fortification and defence of Portsmouth was anxiously insisted upon by the Lords of the Council. Philip, Earl of Pembroke, father to the earl, whose poems, with the answers of Sir Benjamin Rudyerd, of Winchfield, a rival wit and versifier, were published 1660, was made Governor of Portsmouth, 1610. We now come to the time of the murder of the Duke of Buckingham at Ports- The Duke of ° Buckingham mouth. The broadsheet of the proclamation for " all captaines, masters, and officers murdered. 342 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. of ships, and mariners which are to serve in the king's fleete to make their present repaire to Portsmouth," was dated from Whitehall, August 27, 1626. It was Imprinted at London by Bonham Norton and John Bill. On June 15, 1627 the duke set out for Portsmouth with ninety saU, destined for the relief of Rochelle. On May 3, 1628, the Dutch ships from the East Indies were brought into Ports mouth, and not released untU they had " paid a greate summe for wrong offered to our English." The duke carried himself at Portsmouth much with his old haughtiness and ungracious severity. The account of the mutinies, the fightings, and the hangings which iUustrated the last week of his life is too long here to be recorded, and his assassination by " one Lieftenant Felton, whose captaine's place was void in the Low countreyes," on Friday (Saturday), August 22 (23), 1628, belongs to general rather than to local English history. It appears that on the Friday Felton had asked for the captain's place, and in revenge for not receiving it, on the Saturday stabbed the duke just as, having heard at breakfast news of the relief of RocheUe, he came out of his house, the " Spotted Dog," in High Street (No. 10 ?), intending to convey the tidings to the king at Southwick. The king was at prayers in Southwick Chapel when Sir John Hippislev entered, and whispered to him the account of the duke's assassination. We have already seen that in the important grant1 of June 14, 1628, in the Hampshire shore between high and low water-mark, were included the " advantages of the sea " by " the Island of Portsea, the castle and town of Porchester, Ports mouth Haven, the saltmarsh south of that belonging to Sir WUUam Wedal, that south-west of Portbridge, the Ouze north of Master Bolde's salt-works, the Ouze east of Melton Common pasture, and north-east of Easney Farm, the marsh west of the ruined Haselworth Castle, and stretching to Gamoore Pond, and Gamoore Pond itself." Portsmouth Very briefly must we note the charter of incorporation of 1600- which, reciting that from time immemorial Portsmouth had been governed by a mayor, two baiUffs, two constables, &c, added thereto borough justices of the peace, and incorporated the inhabitants of the town as a free borough, under the title of the mayor and bur gesses of Portsmouth. The charter of November 4, 1627, incorporated the mayor, burgesses, and inha bitants (known theretofore as "good men," "burgesses," or "men") as mayor (chosen from the aldermen), aldermen (twelve in number) and burgesses, gave them some new, and confirmed aU their ancient privUeges. (1) The jury summoned at Winchester, April 20, 1 626, Thomas Newland, John Hayes, Thomas Smith, Walter for the inquisition of the grant, were James Crosse, Drue, William Meeservice, James Lee, Robert Wavell, Thomas Buckshell, William Gutheridge, Robert Page, Stephen Clinge, and Edward Brooker. PORTSMOUTH. 343 Portsmouth, as was natural, took a very active part in the busy fightings of the seventeenth century. The Vicar of Portsmouth, one Flea by name, was among the sequestered clergy. Portsmouth So was Rolfe, rector of Alverstoke, plundered and turned out by order of November, Seventeenth4110 1643, Antony Prous being put in his place. century. It was at Portsmouth that the committee sat which voted Heylyn a delin quent, and to Portsmouth they ordered his library and household goods to be carried. The siege which, beginning August 12, 1642, ended in the surrender of the town Siege and on the following September 7, was brought on by Colonel Goring on Tuesday, m0uth.°f °rf9" August 2, declaring himself for the king. The town at that time was well garri soned with fighting men ; of the ordinary garrison there were 300 soldiers ; there were also 100 townsmen, as many Portsea men, 50 officers and servants, and some 50 horse. The town was victualled for but two days. We must pass over the interesting history of the siege, as recorded in tracts published in 1642, by J. Watson, Tomlinson, Williams, Overton, Sweeting, Hunscot, and others. On the surrender of the town, and the departure of Goring, the parliament men began to strengthen the interest of their party in the place, and, amongst other measures, restored " a good minister, one Master Tache," whom Goring had turned out. They found no great abundance of provision, but plenty of ammunition " at the square tower upon the sea-side," twelve hundred or more barrels of gunpowder, and " at the other end of the town, at the gate," some two hundred barrels more. It seems that the Royalists still lingered in the neighbourhood. A letter written from Portsmouth, January 2, 1643, by Richard Norton, Governor of Southampton describes his meeting close to Havant, and putting to the rout, two regiments of Dragoons, commanded by Lord Crawford and Colonel Ennis. There was a curious sea fight off Portsmouth on Saturday, May 1, 1647, occa- Sea fight off sioned by the refusal of certain Swedish ships to lower their flag to the English. ortsmo,ltl1- The Swedish war ships were five in number, convoying eleven merchantmen from Portugal. They " wore flags, viz., Admiral, Vice Admiral, and Rear Admiral, which they refused to take in, or to lower thir top sales, although commanded by Cap- Owen, Capt. of the Parliament's Rear Admiral, so to do." Whereupon Owen gave them a broadside, and as they escaped next day Vice-Admiral Batten set sail with the St. Andrew, Garland,1 Convertine, and Mary Rose,2 and came up with them near Boulogne on May 3, at eight in the morning. It appeared that the Queen of Sweden had given " that peremptory command in her instructions, not to strike to any of our commanders enjoyned to keep the sovereignty of the seas." We find in February, 1648-9, Fairfax sent from Oxford to inspect the fortifica tions of Portsmouth, Southampton, and the Isle of Wight. (1) Garland, 170 men, 767 tons, captain in 1642, Cap- (2) Mary Rose, King's ship, Captain Fox, 100 men, toin Slingsby Walters, lieutenant. 321 tons burden. 344 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Portsmouthnavy. Commonwealth generals at Portsmouth. Charles II. at Portsmouth. Black Bartho lomew at Portsmouth. In the great sea fight off Portsmouth, February 10, 1652, Blake took eleven Dutch men-of-war and thirty merchant ships. In 1654 the guard and convoy ships at Portsmouth were the Fairfax, 250 men, 50 guns ; Line Frigate, 240 men, 50 guns ; Centurion and Preston, each 140 men, 36 guns; Middleburgh, 110 men, 30 guns; and Old Warwicke, 80 men, 22 guns. In August, 1655, Sir William Penn, Admiral of England, arrived at Portsmouth from America. In the quarrels of a few years later Portsmouth sided with the parliament against the army. It appears by a tract of date December 30, 1659, that under Colonel Whetham,1 Governor of Portsmouth, aided by Sir Arthur Haselrigg, Colonel Morley, and Colonel Walton, the town sustained a siege, which, was raised after the desertion to the beseiged of nine troops of Colonel Ferry's horse and five companies of Colonel Lago's foot. The councU chamber of the Haselrigg party was at the " Old Red Lion " in High Street. It appears that Portsmouth sent Sir Arthur Hastings with troops to London in aid of the Parliament. On the Wednesday before December 23, 1659, at ten in the forenoon, he marched out with 5,000 men, leaving but 400 in garrison. That night they quartered at Petersfield, thence next day marching to GuUdford. After the Restoration we find the king attending his mother and sister to Ports mouth, where they embarked in the London, January 9, 1660-1. The queen set saU next day, but by the vessel running aground was obliged to return to Portsmouth, and there stay a fortnight, during which time her priest, Pere Cyprian, employed himself in nearly converting the clergyman of the place. Soon afterwards there came a grand pomp of royalty to Portsmouth. The illumi nated entiy of the marriage of Charles II. to " the most Ulustrious Princesse Dona Catarina at Portsmouth uppon Thursday, the two and twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord God, 1662," stUl adorns the register book of the parish. The churches of Portsea and its neighbourhood were swept almost clear of their ministers by the Act of Uniformity. Among others of the ejected were Benjamin Burgess of Portsmouth and Thomas Bragg. The first recorded Nonconformist baptism at Portsmouth was solemnized August 2, 1676, by John Hicks, elder brother of the famous nonjuring dean. We have already seen how the refuge given to Hicks cost the lady of Moyle's Court her life. In 1682 Thomas Clark, another of the ejected from GodshUl, Isle of Wight, suc ceeded Hicks at Portsmouth. From Portsea was ejected WiUiam BickneU of Oxford, M.A. Previously to his (1) Nathaniel Whetham, Esq., sat for Portsmouth in the Parliament of 1654. In the Parliament of two years later we find Thomas Smith, Esq., sitting for Portsmouth. PORTSMOUTH. 345 settling at Portsea he had served at Newport with Robert Tutchin.1 After his ejection he retired to his native town, Farnham, and there remained till his death in 1696, preaching occasionally at Alton. Thomas Clark was, in 1690, succeeded by Francis Williams, who held the pastorate twelve or thirteen years. The memorable Simon Browne, noticed by Hawkesworth in the " Adventurer," Nonconformist cm a annals. was in 1707 appointed pastor of the Presbyterians meeting in Penny Street. At Portsmouth he remained till 1716 ; the year before their place of meeting was removed to High Street. From Portsmouth he went to the Old Jewry in London. Among his many writings specially should be noticed the commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians, which he contributed to Matthew Henry's " Exposition on the Old and New Testament." The records of nonconformity at Portsmouth throughout the latter part of the seventeenth and the first half of the eighteenth century are very interesting. Specially may be noted " An Impartial Account of the Portsmouth Disputation," of which the second edition was published in 1699. In the time of Charles II. , as it would appear from the order of the Lord Com missioners, Portsmouth was one of the chief prize ports of England. Of the very remarkable corporation doings during the reign of Charles II. (in Corporation which, by-the-bye, the borough was furnished with its maces and other corporation omga' insignia), little record can here be given. The attempted surrender of the old charter in 1682, and the non-enrolment of the new, were just part and parcel of the illegal appliances put in action by James II. and Chancellor Jeffreys to override the constitutional rights of our free English towns. How the old charter was conveyed into safe keeping, and reproduced after the landing of WUliam III. had confirmed the liberties, " the strange story of the stolen charter," is matter of household legend in Hampshire. James II. did much for the fortifications of Portsmouth. He was also a bene factor to the town, to which, on November 12, 1687, he gave a quantity of silver plate for use of the parish church. The communion plate of the garrison church was given by Queen Anne. From Spithead in 1692 the great fleet sailed under Admiral Russell, "old Grogram," from whom grog took its name. " The sermon preached before the general and officers in the king's chappel at Portsmouth, on Sunday, July 24, 1692, being the day before they embarqued for (1) Robert Tutchin was father to three nonconformist the Church. Upon his death, his successor in the cure preachers. His sons Samuel Tutchin, of Odiham, after- insisted upon his being buried in the church, and himself wards of Fort St. George, Madras ; Robert, of Brocken- preached his funeral sermon. Of this family was John nurst, and afterwards of Lymington, where he died ; and Tutchin, of the Observator, " Tutchin, flagrant from the John, of Fowey, were all ejected in 1662. The father scourge below," who died in the Mint, Sept. 23, 1707, was so esteemed that after his ejection the people con- aged 47. The Tutchins, it seems, were of west country tinued to him as a voluntary gift his former income from origin. VOL. LH. Y Y 346 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Prince George at Portsmouth, Portsmouthwater supply. Trial of Byng. Fires at Ports mouth. the descent upon France. By WUUam Gallaway, A.M., Chaplain to their Majesties Sea Train of ArtiUery," was " printed at the request of the officers." In 1711 was pubUshed " The Case of the Churchwardens of Portsmouth, in rela tion to their several Lawsuits and Disputes with their Vicar." On June 2, 1712, Prince George of Denmark reviewed the navy at Portsmouth, then ready for war. Thence he crossed to the Isle of Wight to review the land forces collected there, that they might not be able to desert. AU precautions, however, not withstanding, there were deserters from the camp ; some of them who had been apprehended and condemned the prince pardoned as they were led out to death. On September 1, 1714, a commission was issued for putting into execution an act passed for the better fortifying and securing the harbours and docks at Ports mouth, Chatham, and Harwich. To the commissioners for buying lands, John Hughes, the poet (born July 29, 1677, died February 17, 1720), pupU with Watts of Thomas Rowe, was secretary. Like commissions were issued July 27, 1758 (on account of Portsmouth, Chat ham, and Plymouth), August 26, and September 30, 1784. In 1740 (or rather April 25, 1741), an act was passed to enable Thomas Smith, Esq., lord of the manor of Farlington, to supply with water the town and neigh bourhood of Portsmouth. Smith's successor, Peter Taylor (who successfully contested with Mr. Iremonger the succession to Sir Matthew Featherstonaugh as M.P.- for Portsmouth), tried to carry out the work, but faUed in the attempt. It was then undertaken by a London company. In 1748 " a faithful tho' humourous description" of Portsmouth was published by Robert Williams. On board the ship St. George, in Portsmouth Harbour, Tuesday, December 28, 1756, was opened the memorable court-martial presided over by Thomas Smith, Esq., Vice-Admiral of the Red, for the trial of the Hon. John Byng, Esq., Admiral of the Blue. Admiral Byng was prisoner on board the Antelope, his own ship, then off Spithead. It appears that Charles Fearne, of Contingent Remainders fame, was judge advocate on the occasion. July 3, 1760, there was a fearful thunderstorm over Portsmouth. The lightning set fire to the combustibles of the dockyard, and 1,050 tons of hemp, 500 of cordage, with some 700 sails, to say nothing of the oil and other naval stores, were consumed. Perhaps that fire gave James Aitken, HU1, Hind, or Actzen, otherwise Jack the Painter, the first suggestion of his incendiary scheme. Of him and his attempts, at the instigation of Silas Deane, December 7, 1776, to burn down the dockyard, notice has already been made. At Portsmouth, in 1762, the famous George Anson, having accompanied Prince Charles of Mecklenburgh on his visit to the arsenal and Sir George Pocock's fleet, bound for the Havannah, took the illness of which he died. ¦ Mil sa eg N» PORTSMOUTH. 347 Portsmouth Paving Act was passed 1763. Early in the morning of July 17, 1770, a very destructive fire broke out in Ports mouth dockyard. In June, 1773, was held at Portsmouth the great naval review. The loss on August 29, 1782, of the Royal George, the best saUer, and the ship Loss of the which carried the tallest masts, the squarest canvas, and at one time the heaviest metal in the navy (its tonnage was 1,801, its guns, one hundred 52, 48, and 28 pounders, and it was manned by from 750 to 850 hands), is among the memorable things in Portsmouth history. All know how — " His sword was in his sheath, His fingers held the pen, When Kempenfelt went down With twice four hundred men." Some of the circumstances of the accident are almost too painful for recital. Richard Kempenfelt, son to the " Captain Sentry," of the Spectator, received his lieutenant's commission January 14, 1740. Henry Taylor, one of Hoadley's Arians, rector of Crawley and vicar of Portsmouth, author of " Ben Mordecai's Apology," was in 1781-2, one of the many who measured swords with the author of the " Decline and Fall," himself a Hampshire man, lieutenant-colonel in the Hants militia, and son to Edward Gibbon, of Buriton, in 1734 M.P. for Petersfield, and in 1741 for Southampton. 1787 was the year of the great Portsmouth mutiny. In 1787 the boundaries of Portsmouth and Portsea were defined by statute. From Spithead, in August, 1796, did the Duff sail on its first missionary voyage, Captain Wilson, whilst she was in the roads, being the guest of Mr. Griffin of Portsea. In 1796 Lord Howe brought in triumph to Portsmouth his prisoners and ships, two of 80, four of 74 guns. The full history of Portsmouth in the last century would be nearly a recital of the naval records of the time. Scarcely one of the great admirals of that day but has left his name inseparably associated with the traditions of Portsmouth. We now come to the Portsmouth of our own time. Experts in fortification Portsmouth had long complained of the unprotected state of Portsmouth before the occasion of our war with Russia turned public attention to the matter of our national defences. After some delay it was determined to construct a line of forts on the Portsdown Heights behind Portsmouth, another series along the coast flanking the harbour, and lying within a line drawn from Monckton to Southsea, and three or more (five or six it was originaUy proposed) forts on shoals1 in the channel. Of the Plans of fortifi. shoal forts one, as suggested by Sir Frederick Smith, was to be built on No-man's (1) The permanence of the Channel shoals was no- seventy years past — a remarkable contrast to the shifting ticed, no alteration having been observed in them for shoals off other parts of our coast. 348 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Controversywhether forts or chips. Final arrange ment. Land, near the Isle of Wight, east by north of Ryde pier, just south of Forf Monckton (Robert Monckton, governor of Portsmouth, died 1782), and Gilkicker Point (the site of the old Worth Castle at the Rammes Head) ; another on the Horse Sand, south-east of Southsea, and with Dean Sand, stiU further to the south-east, forming a very extensive shoal. It was designed to build a third fort on the continuation of the Mother Bank, known as Sturbridge, but that place was finally given up, as it was found that the soft clay of the shoal could not carry a heavy buUding. In its stead, therefore, two forts were to be built, one on the outside of the Ryde Sand, the other at the end of the Spit. The minor fort on the Spit was designed to play an important part in the protection of the Spithead anchorage and Portsmouth dockyard. It would rake an enemy passing between Horse and No-man, and take him in rear as he threaded between Sturbridge and Gilkicker. Captain Sullivan had in 1839 recommended that the proposed forts should be built on No-man's Land, Horse Sand, Ryde Sand, Spit Patch, and between Horse Sand and the shore, in addition to ranges of batteries on the coast from Cumberland Fort (at the south-east extremity of Portsea, stretching towards Hayling Island), by Eastney, Lumps and Southsea, and west of the Portsmouth harbour, by Fort Monckton, Stokes Bay, Gomer Pond, and Brown Down. He would have built the western fort on the sand off Ryde to guard the position at the east end of Ryde middle shoal, from which Stokes Bay might be bombarded. That plan was also suggested by Sir Frederick Smith. He afterwards added his opinion that mortar batteries should be set up in the Isle of Wight at Brown Down, Gilkicker, and Southsea Castle. But as these discussions went on, there came in the fashion of the iron-clad vessel, which was to revolutionise the navies of the world. The advocates (such as Captain Coles among naval men, Sir Morton Peto among civUians) of a system of floating defences as more efficient than a range of forts, contended that even if no wooden ship could live in the cross-fire between the Horse and the No-man forts, distant about 2,400 yards the one from the other, the armour-plated vessel might run the forts with impunity, rake the anchorage of Spithead, and shell Portsmouth dockyard. It was also alleged that the No-man and Horse forts would serve as steering points to guide an enemy in his pilotage. To that objection it was answered, that without the proposed forts, Monckton Fort, and other irremovable landmarks (even were the Warner Light, due south of Southsea, and the Nab, south-east beyond it, removed), would give him all the direction he would want, and that it would be very easy for him to put buoys at the outer end of the Warner and Horsetail shoals. Meanwhile happened the famous encounter between the Monitor and Merimac in Hampton Roads. The whole question, therefore, which in 1861 had been apparently settled, was again very fully discussed in the spring of 1862. Finally, it was decided to finish the forts, and to support them by the new South- PORTSMOUTH. 349 sea Castle, standing on the site of the old fortress and the batteries of Gibraltar Point, beside the Isle of Wight and Hurst Castle works. With the exception of the works at Southsea, those at Gilkicker Point by the old Monckton Fort rank first in importance. The new scheme of fortification involved the abolition of many ancient popular rights. For example, the right of way from a point near the Landport Gate, and from Warblington Street, at a point opposite Nobbs Lane to Armoury Lane through Colewort Barracks, built upon a plot of vicar's glebe, which had once been the site of St. Mary's House, were extinguished by Act of July 23, 1860, sufficient access being afforded by High Street Road, Warblington Street, and St. Mary Street. Other public rights of way and the like were taken away by the act of 1864. So again Portsdown fair was abolished. Thus little by little disappears every relic and v' stises of M ° J VV J Portsmouth feature of ancient Portsmouth. Our Lady of the Close's Chapel has long ago gone, swept away. and on the site of the old God's House with its chapel was Government House built. Portsmouth now has little of the past with which to detain us. It teems with the busy present, and abounds with the technicalities and appliances of modern warfare. The appliances for the outfitting of the navy, the curious machinery employed — of which the block-and-pulley-making system (invented by a Southampton man) must specially be noted : the modes of reduction to their required form of ponderous masses of metal require no description. Portsmouth worthies, living and dead, are too many for record. Suffice it to notice Portsmouth only the Hanways, Sir Frederick Madden, and Charles Dickens. Jonas Hanway, son to the Portsmouth store-keeper (killed May, 1737), born at Soberton August 12, 1712. In 1762 he was made commissioner for victualling the navy. He died September 5, 1786. Thomas, brother to Jonas, captain R.N. 1754, was afterwards a navy commissioner. Portsmouth gave the title of duchess to Louise de Querouaille, and, more worthily, that of earl to the Wallop family. The famous John Guillim was made " member of the Society of the College of Arms by the name of Portsmouth." From the returns of the Registrar-General it appears that in Portsmouth (Portsea), with Brighton, the Isle of Wight, and Southampton, the proportion of " civil marriages " is greater than anywhere else in the south-eastern counties. Of all the counties Hampshire shows the highest proportion of widows remarried. Of the modern town of Portsea, built upon what used to be called Portsmoutn Common, there is very little to note. Formerly renowned for its broccoli gardens, the land now bears instead a wUderness of houses. Southsea Common, the camping ground on which more than once or twice, in the days of the Edwards and Henries, the martial array of England was set out, is now a large parade and promenade ground, stretching from the houses to the sea. 350 . HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Gosport and From Portsmouth we cross to Gosport in the parish of Alverstoke, a distinct Aiwai-a's Sioke. liberty nQt included m any hundred. Alverstoke, with Eaton and Woodhay, were given to the church of Winchester by Alwara for the soul's health of her husband Leowin. Of the bishop's manor of Alwarestoch, appropriated to the maintenance of his monks, the record of 1084 states that it had always belonged to the minster. The Confessor had lowered its rating from sixteen to ten hides. The whole manor was held in vUlenage. The villeins were forty-eight in number ; they had fifteen teams ; there was wood for two hogs, and arable or land enough for fifteen teams. The value of the manor was £6. Under Alverstoke was held a little manor of half a hide in extent, and worth 25s. Sawin once held it without power of alienation. In 1084 it was held by a certain Miles. To it there belonged one team and two bordmen. Alverstoke Church was one of those by WiUiam Gyffard restored to St. Swithin's Priory, reserving to the then incumbents their life interests therein. Sunt autem hee Ecclesive, de Alwarestoke, de Drokeneford, de Estsexentum, de Crundele, de Aweltuna, de Fyfhida, de Patteneia, de Wemberga, de Celboldyntona, de Wils, de Nidshill, de Millebrok, de Weseneistuna, de Wordia, de Portland, de Elleduna. Henry de Blois endowed St. Cross with the rectory of Alverstoke. The men of The prior's vassals at Alverstoke received the Magna Charta (now in the posses- ehartoei6 sion of Sir Frederick Madden?) of their liberties soon after the middle of the thirteenth century. For their enfranchisement they bound themselves to pay for ever to the church of St. Swithin Ad. yearly on every acre of the manor (the acre being reckoned by the perch of 16^ feet), except the land (all but two and a half yardlands) lying between the stream on which stood the Priory miU and that which ran by the parson's garden — that land being charged to the Stokes, Forton, Brock- hurst, and Bury men. Confirmation to the vassals of their holdings as copyholds of inheritance, with reliefs fixed at one year's rent, freedom from taUages and petty manorial dues, liberty to dispose of their sequelae, exemption from suit and service at hundred courts, &c, and the establishment of a free court in the manor, seem to have been the chief articles of the charter. The common seal of the men of Alverstoke has been described by Sir Frederick Madden. In the time of John de Pontoys the old quarrel between the bishop and his monks was settled. Prior et Conventus Episcopo et successoribus suis in perpetuum habenda concessit maneria de Drokenesford, Alvarestok cum Goseport et Havonte cum tenenlibus eorum de Heling et Hamelettam de Conoel. In 1283 to John, Bishop of Winchester, was granted a charter for the return of writs and other liberties in his manors of Drokenesford, Havonte, and Alware- stock. Alworstock manor was, in 1290, worth to the bishop yearly £61 0s. Id. GOSPORT. ' 351 The inquisition taken at Winchester on Wednesday, the first week in Lent, 1341, Alverstoke in before the Abbot of Beaulieu and his fellows, returned by oath of Robert de Upton, centary WUliam Stormy, Ralph Worplesdene, Henry atte Dane, William Jordan, WUliam Onewyne, John Aubreye, WUliam le Lont, or Lornt, William Smalhech, and John le Taylour, that the ninths came to £10 Is. 5a7. There were no traders in the parish, all the inhabitants lived by agriculture or hand-labour, and no person ecclesiastical held temporalities in the parish. The rectory was endowed with land worth yearly six marks, a yearly rent of 10s., pasture worth 26s. 8d., privileges of exempt jurisdiction, 30s. ; tithes of dovecots, 6s. 8a7.; of hay, 10s.; oblations and mortuaries brought in 112s.; small tithe of pease, hemp, flax, turves, calves, pigs, broom (?), &c, £6 16s. Id. Since 1290 the sea had encroached upon fifty acres of arable, on which the ninths in former days would have been worth 20s. or more. Formerly, moreover, there were fifteen ships, great and small, which paid the rector tithe. Mr. Stephen Tyler, rector of Alverstoke, was one of Waynflete's executors. Others of them were Mr. WUliam Gyffard, rector of Cheriton, and Mr. William Holden, rector of Droxford. Alverstoke rectory, held 1535 by John Lambert, was worth in gross £28 6s. 80*., subject to procurations and a yearly pension amounting altogether to £7 Os. 9 Jo7. Leland gives an interesting account of Gosport and its neighbourhood. It thus runs : — " From Tichefeld to Gosport a litle Village of Fisschar Men by much hethy and Gosport in /-• -i /• ¦ -m-i Leland's time. feren Ground of vj. Miles. " Heere stoode a prophanid Chapelle nere the shore of Portesmouth Haven, scant half a Mile from the very Mouth of the Haven. " Things that Inotid on the West Parte of Portesmuth Haven. " The land on the West Pointe of Portesmouth Haven is a sandy nesse and sone brekith of gyving Place to the open Se. " There is a Round Stone Tourre with Ordinaunce at the West Point of the Mouth of Portesmouth Haven. " And a little way upper to the Haven is a greate Creke goyng by West up into the Land a MUe caullid Ostrepole Lake. " Scant a Quarter of a Mile above this is Gosport Village. " About a Mile above this VUlage is a nother Creke caullid Forten of Forten, a litle VUlage by it. "A Myle and an half above this is Bedenham Creeke, so caullid of a Village standing by it. This Creeke's Mouth lyith almost agayn Portechester Castelle. 352 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. " Fareham, a Fisschar VUlage, lyith about a Myle more upward, at the very Hedde of the Haven. " It is about a 7 Miles from the West Point of Portesmuth Haven, to the [EastJ Point of Hampton Haven, [and] yn the midle way almost betwixt [it] [a Village cauUid " Alverstokechurch. Alverstoke manor. Fortune Hospital. HaslarHospital. Mr. Walcotc's kindness enables me to give the inventory, taken three hundred years ago, of goods and ornaments belonging to Alverstoke Church. Among other things were one Kanyte of silke, and two of nydell-work to hang y pyn yn ; three lynnyn trimors staynyd with other staynyd clothes ; four coffers, and two peyer of harness ; two hangengs of dornenfor the low aulters; two hangengs of blew chamlett and lawney ; one gyrdell ofgrene sylke with buckill studd andpenden of sylver ; one headman's bell ; four ryngis of sylver ; one paull of clothe of Criwell ; one banner clothe of sylke with a pelow of red sylke; eight Krehets; a pane of woodd painted, and two rochatts for the clarkes. In 1647 the surveyors of the temporalities held by the see of Winchester returned Gosport at £6 4s. 8a7. yearly value: Alverstoke, actual rents £57 10s. 80"., with £16 13s. Ad. improved value ; Southfarne, actual profits £22 3s. Ad., improved value £119 17s. Ad., woods £506 13s. Ad. On September 25, 1648, the manors of Bentley and Alverstock and the borough (so called) of Gosport were sold to George Wither and his wife Elizabeth for £1,185 4s. 5hd. From a case tried before the House of Lords in 1726, we find that one Nathaniel Jackson, in 1713 and afterwards, was " possessed of an hospital called Fortune Hospital, near Gosport, which he employed in entertaining of sick and wounded seamen of the Royal Navy, by contracts with the Commissioners for Sick and Wounded Seamen, and which, for that purpose, was furnished with near 700 beds, &c. &c." The site of Haslar Hospital was bought 1745, and the building itself finished in 1762, the chapel being added in 1763. And what was that hospital ? It was the scene of neglect and misery, such as almost passes our belief. Suffice it to say that the horrors depicted by Smollett were scarcely worse than the normal state of things at Haslar. Further, although for more than two centuries it had been well known that in oranges, lemons, and such fruits we possessed a most effectual means of preventing the ravages of scurvy — a disease which, in one ship, would at one time send three or four hundred men on the sick list, and which had been known out of a ship's company to kill off a couple of hundred men — yet not one single chest of lemons, &c, was to be seen in the king's stores on shore or afloat. When the French war broke out, in 1793, not a drop of lemon juice was to be found at Haslar. Nor was a drop sent aboard a king's ship until Lord Gardner, early in 1794, gave a supply to the squadron destined for the Indian station. GOSPORT. 353 The following winter scurvy broke out in all ships on the home station, and a strong effort was made to induce the Admiralty to furnish a proper allowance of anti-scorbutics. In spite of the opposition of Sir Peter Parker, port-admiral, the efforts of Dr. Trotter, seconded by Lord Howe, Sir Roger Curtis, captain of the fleet, and others, succeeded, lemon juice was supplied to the sick, and out of 40,000 cases of scurvy, there were but ten deaths. When, some twelve years ago, the foundation of a great military hospital was New hospital under consideration, an open space of about thirty acres between Haslar Hospital prorj08e and Fort Monckton was recommended by Dr. Mapleton and Captain Laffon, as affording the advantages of good air, aspect, temperature, access, drainage, and water supply. The drawbacks were the probability that increase of population might turn the tidal creek into a great sewer, and that the hospital, unless judiciously planned, might interfere with the defences of Fort Monckton. At Gosport, in the last century, was founded a missionary college, under the Nonconformity superintendence of good old Dr. Bogue. Dr. Bogue's predecessor in the pastorate of the Independents at Gosport was James Watson, who afterwards went to the bar, was knighted, and succeeded Sir William Jones as Judge of the Supreme Court of Bengal. Nonconformity at Gosport dates from the days of Walter Marshall, who died 1690. His successors were John Clifford, John Harrison, Thomas Williams, James Watson, and David Bogue. Nicholas, nephew to the notorious Matthew Tindal, was rector of Alverstoke. He was further (in 1740) preferred to the rectory of Calbourne, and died June 27, 1774. We have already noticed the notorious Richard Bingham, B.A., Fellow of New College, minister of Gosport chapel, and curate of Maresfield. In 1810 he was apprehended, tried, and acquitted on the charges of writing threatening letters to his parishioners and setting his house on fire. We have already noticed the grant,1 July 14, 1628, made to Mary (widow of Sir The Wandes- George Wandesford) and William Wandesford, husband of Margaret, daughters to f°r grant' Robert Pamplyn, of the lands between high and low water-mark, all along the Hampshire coast; and how, in 1661, Lady Wandesford granted to James Studley a lease of the Lymington salt-works. One moiety of the Wandesford right was sold to Margaret, sister to Mary Wandes ford, and the other moiety was conveyed by the said Dame Mary as surviving grantee, by indenture of feoffment dated May 11, 1674. The surveyors appointed under the letters patent were Sir Thomas Fanshaw, surveyor-general, Daniel Norton, sheriff of Hants, John Lamphere, mayor of Win chester, Samuel Nurse (mayor of Lymington), Thomas South, John Button, esquires, and William Wiltshire, gentleman. Included in the grant were lands lying by " the town of Emsworth, the town of (1) The original grant was made to Robert Pamplin The later grant was made to Mary and William Wan- and his daughters Mary and Margaret. deBford. VOL. III. Z Z 354 HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE. Langston, the isle of Haling, a certain marsh called Drayton Marsh, the town of Wimering, the isle of Portsea, the castle of Portchester, the harbour of Portsmouth, Fareham Haven, a certain place called Hoeford, a bridge called WaUington Bridge, the town of Gosport, the castle called Halesworth Castle, a certain place caUed Brown Down Beacons, the town of Limington, a certain bridge called Bolder Bridge, a certain place called Bulwarks Point, a certain port called Key Haven, a certain place caUed Steart Lake, adjoining to a certain place called The Chessel, or beach of the castle called Hurst Castle, &c. &c." In 1784 certain small dock and other buildings were put up at Gosport by Richard White, John Battershall, and William Parmeter, under the title of the Wanlesford claim. By deeds of September 28 and 29, 1785, they had, for £107, bought their title from James Francis Perkins, only brother and heir-at-law of Edward, eldest son of James Francis Perkins, all of Winkton, esquires, and John Compton, of Harbridge, nephew of John WUlis, eldest son of James Willis, both of Ringwood, gentlemen. Disputes touch- In November, 1803, the Attorney-General tried to disturb Parmeter and the "Jf! '.he ^osport others in their possession, on account of their rights and privUeges being hurtful to the king's ships, and specially in that they interfered with the moorings. It was alleged on behalf of the crown that of the land, mud, or ooze between Forton or Weevil Lake (formerly Cason1 Creek) and Blockhouse2 (formerly Stoke, otherwise Haslar or Windmill) Lake, the letters patent did not grant more than eight acres lying close south of Forton Lake, and that the buddings in question did not stand on any part of the acres so granted. In 1802 it was decided that the bailiff of the court leet at Gosport held in his office a prescriptive right, with power to summon and choose juries. By act of July 16, 1806, ten acres of the bishop's waste of the manor and borough of Gosport, lying by Stoke Bay and Oysterpool Lake, with lands opposite belonging to John Hellier, Esq., by the magazine at Tipner Fort, and the warren belonging late to John Ridge, deceased, were bought " for better securing His Majesty's docks, ships, and stores at Portsmouth." Ihe fortifications of Gosport are necessarily much the same as those of Ports mouth. Suffice it to add that the old forts on the Gosport side were known as Charles (built in the time of Charles II.),- James or Borough, Blockhouse, and Stokes Bay. From Gosport we now, leaving the mainland of Hampshire, cross to the Isle of Wight. ( i) TheEasonor Cason creek is described as lying Formerly there were productive oyster-beds between eastward from a certain water-mill commonly called the Spithead and Southsea beach. But as in the Solent, so Tide Mill of Forton." off Portsmouth, the oysters were so dredged out that for (2) It appears that by the designations Blockhouse, years the beds have been neglected as thoroughly ex- Haslar, or Windmill, and Stoke, the three chief ports of hansted. Lately, dredging in the Solent has been recom- the lake, were distinguished the one from the other. So menced with some success, and plans are proposed for late as 1718 the lake was known by the older name of the establishment of extensive oyster-beds off Hayling Oyster Pool Lake. Island. S3 g SUPPLEMENT, CONTAINING A GENERAL HISTORY THE ISLE OF WIGHT, By CHARLES LOCKHART, Esq., B.A. A GENERAL HISTORY OF THE ISLE OF WIGHT. BY CBAELES LOCKHAET. INTRODUCTION. THE Isle of Wight is separated from the mainland by a narrow strait or channel Position and of unequal width, varying from five mUes to three-quarters of a mile. It is of ^island8 ° an irregular, rhomboidal form, its northern apex pointing almost directly to the mouth of the Southampton Water ; in length, from east to west, about 22J miles ; —its extent. in breadth, at its widest part, from Cowes to St. Catherine Point, upwards of 13 mUes ; it occupies an area of 136 square miles, or 98,320 statute acres, and had a population, in 1861, of 55,362, inhabiting 6,437 houses. In 1801 the population was only 22,097. To the north its shores are generally low and shelving ; to the east, south, and south west they tower into precipitous clifts, varying from 400 to 700 feet in height. A range of chalk hills, or downs, runs through the whole island, from east to west, like The downs. a back -bone. From this chain branches off, about half way, another range of heights, which, running southward, terminates in the headland of St. Catherine Point; and here commences a third range, following the coast-line as far as Shanklin, and the promontory of East End. The scenery of the eastern division of the island is generally of a varied character lyrical fea- — abrupt hills, deep shadowy valleys, and broad green meadows succeeding each other in rapid succession. In the western division the northern district is flat, The valleys. relieved only by the young oaks of Parkhurst and the fields of Newtown ; but the southern landscape and the extreme west are again distinguished by a delightful alternation of hill and valley. The principal streams are the Medina, which, dividing the island into two nearly Rivers. equal divisions, known as the East and West Medine, rises at the base of St. 4 A GENERAL HISTORY OF Catherine's HU1, and after a course of three-and-twenty miles broadens into an estuary between the towns of East and West Cowes ; the Eastern Yar, which rises near Niton, within a mile of the sea-coast, and after a winding course of about twelve miles, again approaches within a mile of the coast at Yaverland, but it there turns north-east, and flows into the sheltered lake caUed Brading Haven, and has its outlet at Bembridge ; and the Western Yar, which forms the peninsula of Fresh water, rising at Freshwater Gate, within a few yards of the sea, and emptying itself into the Solent at Yarmouth. There are other streams — the Lukely, Newtown River, and Wootton River.1 For all general purposes the island forms a portion of the county of Southampton. It returns one member to parliament. It is divided into two hundreds, or liberties : — (1.) The East Medine, containing 14 parishes — Arrcton, Binstead, Bonchurch, Brad ing, Godshill, Newchurch, Niton, Shanklin, St. Helen's, St. Lawrence, Whipping- ham, Whitwell, Wootton, and Yaverland. (2.) The West Medine, containing 16 parishes — Brighstone, Brook, Calbourne, Carisbrooke, Chale, Freshwater, Gatcombe, Kingston, Mottistone, Newport, Northwood, Shalfleet, Shorwell, St. Nicholas, Thorley, and Yarmouth. For ecclesiastical purposes the island is included in the see of Winchester, and is divided into two rural deaneries, one in the East and one in the West Medine. Exports. The population of the Isle of Wight are chiefly occupied in agricultural pursuits, and the exports are confined to corn and cattle. Camden says of the Isle of Wight, " The inhabitants were naturally courageous ; and that, be the service that they are put upon what it will, they are masters of it." The worthy Sir John Oglander, who began to write a history of his native island in 1615, says, " It is, and hath been, a tax laid on this island, that it never produces any extraordinary fair handsome women, nor a man of any super-eminent gifts in wit or wisdom, or a horse excellent for goodness. Now I can answer that no part of England, in general, the quantity considered, hath produced more exquisite in either species than this island." It has long borne the name of " the Garden of England," and the botanist does not need to be told that the Isle of Wight is a famous place for him. Sir Walter Scott's recollection of a visit to " the Fair Island " made him write as follows : — " That beautiful island which he who once sees never forgets, through whatever part of the world his future path may lead him." 2 THE PRIMEVAL PERIOD. The population which the Romans found in occupation of the southern part of Britain were a race of people known by the name of Celts, and they had come thither (!) In Hassell's Tour, 1790, we find under "Brixton," man's Chine. At the bottom of the village, as we coursed " A stream passes through this place, which takes its rise its sides, we observed this brook to widen." near Mottiston, and empties itBelf into the bay at Jack- (2) In "The Surgeon's Daughter," 1827. First edition. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 5 from the country of France, then termed Gaul. The earliest notice of these people occurs in the pages of the Greek historian, Herodotus, who wrote about the year b.c. 430, and he informs us that the " Celtas were the furthest people in Europe, after the Cynetse, towards the setting sun ; " and other allusions to the British isles by classic writers previous to the time of Caesar show that the existence of these islands was known to the Greeks. The Isle of Wight was the ancient Ictis, and the great depot of the tin trade.1 The mode in which the tin was conveyed is detaUed in two passages of the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus. He says, " They that inhabit the British promontory of Belerium, by reason of their converse with merchants, are more civilised and courteous to strangers than the rest are. These are the people that make the tin, which, with a great deal of care and labour, they dig out of the ground ; and that being rocky, the metal is mixed with some veins of earth, out of which they melt the metal, and then refine it ; then they cast it into regular blocks, and carry it to a British isle near at hand, called Ictis. For at low tide, all being dry between them and the island, they then convey over in carts abundance of tin. But there is one thing more peculiar to these islands, which lie between Britain and Europe ; for at full sea they appear to be islands, but at low water, for a long way, they look like so many peninsulas.2 Hence, the merchants transport the tin they buy of the inhabitants to France, and, for thirty days' journey, they carry it in packs upon horses' backs through France to the mouth of the Rhone."3 The second passage is: — "Above Lusitania there is much of this tin metal, that is, in the islands lying in the ocean over against Iberia, which are therefore called Cassiterides ; and much of it likewise is transported out of Britain into Gaul, the opposite continent, which the merchants carry on horseback through the heart of Celtica to Marseilles and the city of Narbo, which city is a Roman colony, and the greatest mart town for wealth and trade in those parts." The Isle of Wight is the most direct line of route for the tin from Cornwall to its (1) " It cannot be ascertained precisely when that aspired after a participation of the lucrative trade in the trade commenced ; it may have been as early as 300 stores of the tin mines, the locality of which the Cartha- years B.C., but is more generally placed 200 B.C., and it ginians so long concealed. It is said the geograpner continued till the entire conquest of Britain by the Pytheas, of Marseilles, who, about 330 years B.C., visited Romans supplied other and more convenient marts. The Britain, gave the first information of it to his country- circumstances under which it originated were the follow- men. The Carthaginians, however, with their colonies ing: — The Phoenicians carried on a trade in tin with the along the borders of the Mediterranean, and their Cassiterides, or Scilly Isles, as early, at all events, as superior navy, were masters of the ocean ; and as the about 500 B.C., as Herodolu9, who flourished in 440, Massilians could not go to the Britons in Cornwall by describes it. They it was who first enjoyed this profit- sea, they prevailed on the Britons to bring their tin to able commerce, and afterwards their colony shared in it ; the nearest and most commodious place of transit to the and when Tyre and Sidou were destroyed, 332 B.C., pur- coast of France, which was the Isle of Wight." — Rev. sued it alone with the greatest vigour. In the meantime E. Kelt, in Adams' " Garden Isle," p. 222. a Phocian colony from Greece, which had been dislodged (2) This remark applies well to the Isle of Wight, from an attempted settlement at Corsica by the Cartha- near which are the islands of Portsea, Hayling, Thorney, ginians, established themselves at Marseilles. The spirit ho., which at ebb become peninsulas. of commerce was strong in them, and having established (3) Diodorus Siculus, book v. c. 2. commercial relations with their Gallic neighbours, they 6 A GENERAL HISTORY OF final destination, MarseUles,1 and conclusive evidence on the Ictis question has happUy been afforded us by the successful labours of a zealous Isle of Wight antiquary, the Rev. E. Kell, F.S.A. We may, however, mention here that several Greek coins, in fine preservation, have been exhumed at various times in the island, and are now in Newport Museum. Another beautiful specimen in silver, with the head of Juno, was discovered at Carisbrooke, and is now in Mr. Kell's own cabinet. Dr. Wilkins, of Newport, I.W., has in his possession several specimens of granular stream tin (oxide of tin) from Gurnard and Thorness Bays. I am indebted to Dr. WUkins, F.G.S., for the foUowing very valuable and confirmatory evidence on this subject : — ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE SOLENT. Beyond a doubt the Isle of Wight at one time formed a portion of the mainland of Britain, for the strata on either side of the Solent are identical, were deposited at the same period of time, and are at the present day continuous beneath the waters of this armlet of the English Channel. The Solent for many years has cut off the upper tertiary beds of the island from those of Hants. The important question remains for solution, for how many years ? The piece of water we have now specially to consider is that west of the South ampton water, and the Medina river. We desire to elucidate the period when it was possible to ford this part of the Solent. Do the following words of the ancient author, Diodorus Siculus, apply to this piece of water ? — " At low tide, all being dry between them and the island, they then convey over in carts abundance of tin." (1) "There is, probably, an ancient British roa) — eminence, but in the centre of the island, and the most certainly one used by the Romans — from Cornwall to commanding position on the line, to guard the treasure Leap, the part of the Hampshire coast opposite the Isle on its convoy. of Wight, from which the tin was conveyed to it. Traces " There is Chillerton Street and Chale Street on this of names, associated with the tin trade, still linger at British road, aud the tin mart itself in a most sheltered various parts of the route, such as ' Stansa Bay,' and spot in a part of Niton fields, near to Puckaster, where ' Stans Ore Point,' adjoining Leap, where the ore left the the tin merchants might draw up their carts and arrange mainland on its crossing to Gurnard, in the Isle of Wight ; their sales with the foreign purchasers. names obviously derived from the Latin word stannum, " There is the port of Puckaster (evidently a Roman 1 tin.' There are also places in the line of the British name), whence the tin was embarked, which was snffi- road through the Isle of Wight, the names of which, ciently capacious for that purpose — probably even large Rue Street and Gonneville Lane, are evidently derived enough in tbose days to harbour a Roman fleet. A most (according to a common practice) from places on the exact historian, Rohan Von Muller, states in bis ' Universal French coast, viz., Rou, the chief town of the district, Dictionary,' book viii. c. 5, that ' the Roman fleets near the Somme, and Gonneville, on the Seine, whither cruised in the channel, or stationed themselves at the Isle the tin was to be transported. The -island has this of Wight.' It has been demonstrated by the French British road nearly direct across it, in the track of which writer, M. Poilly, that there was on the opposite coast of Roman coins have been picked up ; for it must be borne France, between the rivers Somme and Authie, a colony in mind that after Marseilles had been subdued by of Greeks from Marseilles, ready to receive the tin as it Julius Cassar, 49 years B.C., the traffic was carried on arrived and forward it to Marseilles ; and another French under Roman auspices. author, M. Howell, has shown the existence of a Greek f There is, too, the old Caer, not on the highest colony in the neighbourhood of the Seine." — Rev. E. Kell. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 7 There is no geological reason why the Solent may not, at a remote date, have been fordable. Not only in ancient times was the land of the Isle of Wight continuous with Britain, and even the Straits of Dover non-existent; for time was when Britain itself formed a portion of the continent of Europe. We will contrast the Straits of Dover with the Solent — why are we of opinion that the former is of older origin? Because it is of a far greater width and depth, its average width being about 22 miles, and its greatest depth about 180 feet. It has also chalk cliffs on either side, those on the English side being from 300 to 600 feet high. Consider the perishable beds of clay which form the coasts of the Solent. Contrast these with the far more enduring cliffs of chalk which border the Straits of Dover. How much more rapidly must the clay cliffs of the Solent have been carried away by the wash of the waters than the chalk cliffs which are seen towering on either side above the sea on both sides of the Straits of Dover ! In my own recollection, acres of land have been carried away at Gurnet, and the Solent has much widened. Indeed, when I was a boy, a man occupied a cottage and garden (long since washed away), which I visited. That old man told of the time when, in his youth, he had played in green fields then existing on the site of the present white buoy (two-tenths of a mile from the shore) which now warns vessels from the Gurnet ledges. These ledges consist of rocks of the dislocated Bembridge lime stone stratum, which, being harder than the tertiary clays formerly lying over and under it, have remained for the waves to complete their disintegration, the former superincumbent and adjacent clays having been successively carried away with the same, or with even greater, speed, by the force of the former narrower and swifter rush of water than can even now, at the present day, be seen in progress. Although I can personally testify to the encroachments of the sea at Gurnet, still it is evident that the coast districts between West Cowes and Yarmouth have equally been encroached upon, at one time more rapidly at one spot, and then equally or even more rapidly at another, either pointing to the fact of the great rapidity with which the Solent has widened its breadth. On the mainland opposite to Gurnet the destruction of the coast has not been so rapid, at least of late years, the beach being more shelving and the water less deep. On the chart before me, made by Captain Sheringham, R.N., F.G., and A.S., I find the distance in a straight line between Stans Ore Point and the cottage on the beach west of the rivulet of Gurnet is given as two inches and a half, representing one mile and seven-eighths. The depth of the water at one-fourth of this extent from Stans Ore Point is represented to be 33 feet, at two-fourths to be 54 feet, at three-fourths, as 60 feet, the latter, i.e., at one-fourth the distance from the cottage at Gurnet before alluded to, being the greatest depth throughout the whole width at this locality. 8 A GENERAL HISTORY OF Two faults in the strata hereabouts have been demonstrated, one east and west in the line of the Solent, the other north and south in the line of the Medina river. The geological term fault is a rupture of continuity of strata by which, in the case of horizontal stratification, one portion in the line of rupture is elevated or depressed, the strata on either side of the rupture being moved upwards or downwards, more or less, the result in either case being that an upper stratum becomes apparently con tinuous in the line of rupture with another stratum, which was deposited at an earlier date. These faults must have occurred subsequently to the deposition of the latest tertiary beds ; for they are displaced by the faults. These faults must also have occurred prior to the great aUuvial denudation, which shaped the contour of the surface ; for these aUuvial forces have obscured the faults themselves on the surface, and subsequent alluvial washings have covered by their deposits even the elephant stratum. The elephant stratum was deposited during the existence of the human race, for side by side with bones and tusks of elephants evidences of human beings have been discovered. Beyond a doubt, elephants could not have dwelt within so circumscribed a spot as the Isle of Wight without intercommunication with the mainland. There fore, from the co-existence of man and elephants, it is clear that the Solent must have been formed within the date of human existence, and from the facts alleged respecting the events of the great aUuvial denudation long subsequent to the occurrence of the local faults. The tertiary beds on the east of the Medina, and those west of Stans Ore Point, were elevated, or the beds west of the Medina as far as Yarmouth were depressed by the faults aUuded to, consequent on which, the Bembridge series form the surface from Cowes to Yarmouth, but are nowhere to be found on the north of the Solent. The next older beds (the Headon and Osborne series) constitute the superficies beneath the alluvium west of Stans Ore Point, and immediately east of the Medina river. I allude to these faults, because, when they occurred, adjoining strata were raised or depressed, and the questions foUow: — Were the chalk strata between Freshwater Down and Dorsetshire then broken through ? Was the formation of the Solent then commenced ? Were the lands in the lines of the river then depressed to facilitate the drainage of the neighbouring higher lands ? Mr. Bristow, F.G.S., is of opinion that the Medina valley was caused by the Medina fault; I presume, from their direction being parallel. In my opinion it is not so, since the occurrence of a fault is not a necessity to originate a valley or river : no fault exists in the Une of any other river hereabouts, neither is it usual to find rivers in the direction of faults, as though the latter guided the origin of the former. Rivers are the result of the aUuvial washings which gave the present contour to the earth's surface, and served to drain off those waters which covered the lands prior to the elevation of the earth's surface or the depression of those basins which are now occupied by oceans and seas. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 9 One argument brought against the possible fording of the Solent in historical times is the necessity of the eastward escape of the waters of the Beaulieu. This is a weak argument, for there is no reason why its flow might not have been westerly to join the outlets of the Newtown and Lymington rivers, while the Medina and the rivers emptying into the Southampton Water, flowed to the east to join the increasing waters of the English Channel. A reference to Captain Sheringham's chart will show that the waters of the Beaulieu river formerly flowed in a westward direction, the old channel being, by him, called the Old Warren, or Needsoar Lake. The term " Stans Ore Point" would imply the existence of a point in Roman times, if my friend the Rev. E. Kell, F.S.A., be correct in arguing its derivation from the Roman people ; but it does not follow because in Roman times this point existed that it has not. subsequently receded by successive encroachments on the coasts, or that this point projected into waters not fordable at the time referred to by Diodorus Siculus. Having started with the undeniable fact, that time was when the Solent did not exist, therefore we may conclude, that after it commenced to form it was fordable. At what date was it fordable? By the foregoing, I have proved it was within the era of the human race — the aborigines of the British islands. Who is the writer, with these facts — these geologic phenomena — before him, positive, although unwritten records, to assert on substantial grounds that the Solent existed, or commenced to exist, and was not fordable at the date 1000 B.C., when, according ¦ to some writers, the Phoenicians carried on their tin trade with Britain by sea; or at the date 500 B.C., the period at which Herodotus declared this tin trade to be going on ; or even at 25 B.C., when Diodorus Siculus wrote his history describing the Massilian tin trade to be carried on chiefly overland for reasons given by him ? The line of the Roman villas at Carisbrooke and Gurnet, coupled with the evidences on the opposite coast of Roman occupation in the same line, point strongly to this as being the route of the Romans to and from the Isle of Wight. If there existed no land-passage, why did the Romans not follow the present natural water -passage from the port of Southampton to the river Medina? and how, in the' latter case, would the situation of the villa at Gurnet be accounted for? Would it not rather have been built on the banks of the Medina ? Would not some Roman evidences have turned up at CoweSs, or by the side of the river Medina ? Hitherto none have come to light, and those that have been discovered at Newport may fairly be explained by its proximity to the former chief Roman settlement in the island, namely, Carisbrooke. There is no reason why the waters of the Solent should not have severed the last land communication with the island. That it was so, every argument favours. That some land communication existed in pre-historic ages, we have proved beyond a, c 10 A GENERAL HISTORY 01 doubt, and it only remains for the Rev. E. Kell, F.S.A., or some other authority, to reconcile more closely than I have done the exact historic condition of the coast of the Solent. E. P. W. Dr. Whitaker, in his " History of Manchester," has shown how this traffic was carried on by reference to the then existing lines of commerce in Britain, over which it exercised an important influence. The learned Camden, Henry Warner, Corner, and some others, all pronounced in favour of the Isle of Wight being the Ictis of the Britons, and they now prove to have been perfectly right in so doing.1 Caesar tells us that it was the tradition that the inland inhabitants were indi genous ; whereas the population of the maritime parts had come over from Belgic Gaul and seized by violence upon the district they occupied ; a statement which evidences the fact of the colonisation by the Belgse being a much more recent event than the possession by the settlers, from whom the people of the interior had sprung. Ptolomseus, the geographer, about thirty years after the recall of Agricola, pub lished his account of the world as then known, and included a complete survey of the coast of Britain, together with an enumeration of the native tribes. From this it appears that the district comprised between the British Channel and the southern coast, now known as the districts of Somersetshire, Wiltshire, and Hampshire, was occupied by the Belgas. These limits comprised the Isle of Wight ; and as the Belgic colonisation of the southern coast was an event of historic memory in the time of Ceesar, it may be fairly assumed to have happened within two or three centuries of that era. ANCIENT BRITISH PIT HABITATIONS. The ancient British vUlages of GaUibury and Rowborough lie about four miles in a south-westerly direction from Newport, and are reached by a lane branching from the high-road to Shorwell, by Rowborough farm-house. This collection of pits may be regarded as constituting two vUlages, divided by natural boundaries, though connected by the intermediate pits and defences on the downs. Their diameter varies from 15 feet by 15, to 55 feet by 46 ; their central depth varies from 1 to 7 feet, the average being about 3 feet. Mr. Kell took the dimensions of the sixty forming these villages, and also measured their relative distances. Some of these pits are round, the majority oval, whUst a few seem to be double pits. The ancient Britons, according to the testimony of Caesar, Tacitus, Dion Cassius, Strabo, &c, dwelt in circular excavations in the ground, roofed with branches of (1) St. Michael's Mount could never have been the thick wood, distant from the sea six miles,'- and its sepa- Ictis of the tin-merchants, because in the Celtic era it ration from the mainland only occurred, accordin" to the was not an island even at high water. Florence of Saxon Chronicle, in 1099. The tin mines in Cornwall Worcester says, " It was originally enclosed in =• very are now yielding 3,500 tons per annum. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 11 trees, cased over with turf or straw, having a side opening, which served the triple purpose of door, window, and chimney. The middle of the pit was the usual place for the fire, round which heath or grass was spread for seats and beds. By the per mission of Mr. Wigmore, of Rowborough farm, Mr. Kell examined some of these pits, opening the surface earth in the centre for the space of 6 or 8 feet in length, and about 4 feet in breadth; down to the undisturbed soil, a depth of from 6 to 24 inches. In pit No. 21 were the bones of several animals, vestiges, no doubt, of human food. They were a horse's tooth, scapula of a small lamb, or dog, and the pelvic bone of a hare, with some charred wood in a very mouldered condition. In pit No. 3 1 were the teeth of deer and sheep, fragments of jaw, ulna, and vertebrae of deer, and other bones in a fragmentary state ; also fragments of ox bones, viz., femur, scapula, and vertebras. The soil at the bottom of this pit was rich ; and the labourer who was employed to open it, observed that " it would make fine garden mould." No. 41 contained some human bones, fragmentary only, phalanges, metacarpus, ulna, or radius, fragments of tfie skull, and an incisor tooth. No. 51 contained the teeth and vertebras of deer, and fragments of bones of oxen. All four pits are in Rowborough Down Bottom. No. 45,1 at Rowborough, was also examined, and in it the same vestiges of human food were found. In one part there seemed to be some attempt at pitching the floor with large flint stones ; and there was charred wood so nearly reduced to dust that the wind blew it from the hands of the excavators. The bones were, vertebras and teeth of deer, ribs and vertebrae of the sheep, scapula of a lamb or small dog, and ulna of a deer. Mr. William Dyer assisted in opening this pit. No. 52,1 in which a slight cutting was made, also contained bones, and is at Rowborough. None of the other pits were opened by Mr. Kell. The embankment or fortifica tion at the end of the valley, on the side of Brixton Down, presents a straight front of 175 feet, with a uniform breadth of 40, and a depth of 8 feet. It is probably of British origin. At about 700 feet to the north-east is a square embankment about 70 feet by 60, probably used as a stockade, where cattle or other valuables may have been placed for security. It has the vestiges of a pond close to it on the south-west, and is about 200 yards south of the Gallibury beacon. About a mile from the other villages is the large British settlement of New- barns, situated at the foot of Newbams Down, which is on the west of Gallibury Down, and north of Brixton Down. This ancient village is located in three small vaUeys, running from Newbarns Down into a larger valley, encircled by high hills. Through the centre of these valleys are pits, in number thirty-four, similar in size and aspect to those already mentioned. (1) These numbers refer to an illustrative map given Association Journal, vol. xi. The same plan is also with Mr. Kell's paper, in the British Arcliaological given in Adams' " Garden Isle," 1856. 12 A GENERAL HISTORY OF Besides these thirty-four larger pits, there are in the basin of the valley sixty or seventy generally of a smaller size. Here may have been a British village containing as large a population as the other two combined.1 The site of Carisbrooke Castle was occupied by a British stronghold, and the artificial mound on which the keep now stands was raised in these early times.2 The Longstone on Mottistone Common is a very large and rough quadrangular mass of stone, bearing upon it no marks of the chisel, though somewhat rudely formed. It consists of stratified iron sandstone, from the lower greensand formation, the prevaUing stone in that neighbourhood, abundance of which might be had from Compton Bay Cliff. The height of this upright stone is 13 feet, 6% wide on its broadest side, and 20 feet in circumference. Its depth is believed to be con siderable, and its weight is little less than 30 tons.3 Four feet distant is a recumbent stone 9 feet 3 inches in length ; its width at the widest part, A feet ; and its height at the thickest end, 2£ feet. There is a third of a similar kind, about 300 yards distant from the Longstone, to the east, on the wayside. This stone is 4 feet 3 inches wide, and 2 feet 2 inches thick. Another stone lies near the gate from the' Calbburne and Mottistone road to the pathway to Longstone, from which it is distant 570 yards. Most probably these stones once formed an ancient British cromlech.4. About 200 yards north-east of the Longstone is " Castle Hill," where stands an ancient earthwork, or fort, nearly square, probably of British origin. Its length, from north to south, is 191 feet ; its breadth, from east to west (on the north side), 177 feet ; and on the south side, 168 feet. The bank which surrounds it is 21 feet broad and 3 feet high. There are other earthworks in this neighbourhood. About 137 years since, a farmer, in extending a marl pit on Arreton Down, found a number of celts ranged in regular order, and several spear-heads, about a foot beneath the surface. At that time there was an ancient entrenchment about 200 yards distant ; and it appears by the same communication,5 that two large barrows which contained ashes and burnt bones had been recently disturbed on the same down. One of the celts is figured as No. 5, and an example of the spear-heads as (1) This account has been taken from the admirable Celtic domination; and although the comparatively paper entitled " Investigation into the rude Pit Habita- modern stone erection now assumes the more prominent tions of the Ancient Britons in Gallibury and Row- appearance, the pristine vallation still retains its old borough, Isle of Wight." By the Rev. Edmund Kell, accustomed place as the substructure of the after M.A., F.S.A.. 1855. Nine pages, with a map plan, edifice." — Hi/lier. 8vo. (3) Sir Henry Englefield gives a very fine engraving For the anatomical description of the various bones of this stone, in his Isle of Wight history, which was we are indebted to the kindness and skill of Ernest published in 1816. Plate xi. Wilkins, Esq., surgeon at" Newport. These valuable (4) Mr. Thomas Wright says " Where the cromlech is relics are still in Mr. Kell's own possession at South- now found exposed to view, without a mound, it has been ampton. robbed of its covering of earth by accident or design at (2) " Of the five earthworks or camps existing in the some remote period." island, that of Carisbrooke can safelybe attributed to the (5) Benjamin Cooke, Esq., to Mr. Collinson in 1 735. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 13 No. 27, on plates in Volume Y. of the " Archaeologia," and two specimens of the latter are now exhibited among the bronze relics in the " British Room " at the British Museum. Not many stone implements or weapons seem to have been found in the Isle of Wight, and we can only record the discovery of five. A stone celt from Hillyards, in the possession of Mr. C. Roach Smith.1 A remarkably fine " Celtic spear-head, found by the beach near Plumbly's Hotel, Freshwater, 1851, depositor W. H. Cooke. Supposed to have come from the down by " foundering of the cliff." This is formed of dark flint, and is now in a wall case, " No. 3," at Newport Museum.2 In 1857 W. Spickernell, Esq., of Carisbrooke, obtained portions of two rudely Ornamented Celtic urns and a small barbed flint arrow-head from the upper part of Carisbrooke. This beautiful specimen is still in Mr. Spickernell's possession. In the museum at Ryde is a " Flint cut into the shape of a Warlike Instrument as used by the ancients, presented by Dr. Martin of Ventnor." This well-chipped weapon was found at Ventnor by Dr. Martin, and looks like a barbed spear-head. It is large and heavy, and of rare (if not unique) shape — an unpolished specimen. A fine sling stone was found on Mountjoy Hill, October 20, 1867, by Mr.- Lock- hart, and presented to the Newport Museum on the following- day. This flint implement of war is from the surface, and the first island specimen. In the Newport Museum we find the following relics of this period : — " Presented by Mr: Young, of Watchingwell— found there 5 ft. under the surface. (Bronze.) Celt." " Mr. WUkins found at Binstead. (Bronze.) Celt." " Presented by Mr. Dennett. Bronze weapon dug up with many others at Billingham (peat bed), 14 feet 'from surface." A fine Celt. " Bronze instrument — a Dagger or Spear from a Barrow on Arreton Down : used by the Belgae or earliest Settlers. By Sir Leonard Holmes and Thos. Cooke, Esq." Broken and imperfect. All four now in wall case "No. 3." Whilst digging a few years ago at Ryde, and laying the foundation of Leaving- ton House, twelve bronze Celts were found, and presented by the proprietor of the park, Sir John Simeon, M.P., to the Isle of Wight Philosophical Society, and they are now in a table case at their museum in Ryde. Again, in the Newport Museum are " two ancient British torques (bracelets) worn as an appendage by rank and command. See Archasologia, v. 14. " The exact place of finding not given on label. In 1855 Sir C. Fellows examined a Celtic barrow on his estate at Vittlefield, but (1) In the Joum. of the British Arch. Association, (2) "In 1856 Mr. W. H. Cooke presented to the under the date of July 31, 1848, is an acknowledgment museum at Newport a flint arrow-head, found near for a " drawing of a 'flint celt found at Hillyards Shanklin, Freshwater Gate." — Br. WUkins' " Geology of the Isle sent by C. R. Smith, Esq., F.S.A., Secretary." This is of Wight," p. 52. 1859. igured in the first number of Hillier's History. 14 A GENERAL HISTORY OF found only wood-ashes, burnt bones, and fragments of pottery covered by a heap of flints. It is difficult to preserve British burial pottery, but the island museums happily furnish us with a few specimens. The largest barrow on Bowcomb Down was thoroughly explored in May of 1859, and the relics found upon that occasion will all be found in a large glass case in the Newport Museum. The barrow measured 62 feet in diameter, and had a central elevation of 5 or 6 feet. It was found the substance of the barrow con sisted of picked flints, which had been heaped to a height of 3 feet in the centre, immediately over the original Celtic interment. These flints sloped towards the circumference : and upon them a mass of chalk, rubble, and mould was accu mulated. The position of the primary interment was exactly in the centre of the barrow. It consisted of the burnt remains of a body and a very great quantity of wood-ashes, which had been fired on the spot. After removing the mass of flints which had been heaped over this incineration the excavators found a hole, which had been dug in the chalk stratum, measuring 10 inches in depth and 16 inches in diameter. This hole was filled with ashes, and surrounded by the same to a dis tance of two or three feet. On searching for fragments of the body it was found the bones had been so thoroughly burnt that but few could be collected. No other relics could be discovered excepting a burnt head. The Bowcombe case contains a very large plateful of burnt bones and ashes, with the label having on it the foUowing words, " No. 23. Original interment of the large barrow, consisting of an incinera tion which was covered with a heap of flints." "An urn of the period referable to the earliest settlers on the island. It was found inverted over the burnt ashes of a dead body in a Barrow on Shalcombe Down. Presented by Sir L. Holmes." Almost complete, and a fine specimen, but much mended. In Newport Museum. A smaller British urn from Brixton Cliff. Nearly complete, but much mended. In Newport Museum.1 In the museum at Ryde will be found : — A fine and perfect urn,2 nearly full of Ashey Down earth and fragments of burnt bone. " This urn was found on Ashey Down on July 18th, 1853, at a depth of 2 feet, and contains human bones. The tumulus is situ ated 760 feet from and bears 70° west of true north of the Sea Mark. An Echinite and a Tusk were also found." Fragments of burnt " Bone, and Teeth found in tumulus No. 3, on Ashey." A fine bronze dagger. " This Spear Head was found on Ashey Down on July 13th, 1853, at a depth of five feet, together with bones. The tumulus No. 5 is (1) A recent addition to this museum is highly polished-looking and very pretty relic is composed has curious, whether correctly described on the label or not — not yet been discovered. It is somewhat crescent-shaped, " Druidieal Ornament from Mottistone, Isle of Wight. and the colour of a blind worm. By Miss Gordon." What the material of which this (2) " More probably a Roman urn."— Rev. E. Kell. barrows. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 15 situated 86 feet from and bears 36° east of true north of tumulus No. 1." With this relic is a fine bone pin. In the bottom shelf of a wall case close to the door of the Museum Room is a very large, very fine, and perfect urn, 20 inches high and 5 feet 2 inches in circum ference. It is ancient British, and believed to be the largest and best specimen as yet discovered in this country. The label informs us that " This urn was found on Ashey Down on July 13th, 1853, in tumulus No. 3,1 at a depth of 2 feet, and covered a heap of human bones. The tumulus was situated 127 feet from, and bears 190° west of true north of, No. 1." In February of 1867 a very interesting discovery was made in the brick-field below Swanmore, Ryde, of some British burial urns. These were found a short distance below the surface, in digging clay for the brick-kiln. We owe our knowledge of these relics to Charles Cramer, Esq., of Eastmount, at Ryde, and he has given to the museum, from this site, five or six large urns, in a more or less perfect state, five lumps of human ashes with numerous pieces of burnt bone, and about twenty fragments of the pottery besides. The number of urns discovered up to the present date is seventy-one. The two last were discovered on the 25th of October, and one of these has just been placed in the Ryde Museum. It should be stated, however, that owing to the nature of the clay in which they are found buried having been unfavourable to their preservation, added to the usual difficulty always attending the safe excavation and removal of early British pottery, the specimens now exhibited are not in a good state of preservation. The urns were found nearly full of ashes, and are of large dimensions.2 POSSESSION BY THE ROMANS. Vespasian was the first that brought the Isle of Wight to the subjection of the ad. 43—45. Romans, while he held the rank of Consular Lieutenant under Claudius Caesar. Crossing from Gaul into the southern provinces of England, he fought there thirty battles, and reduced under the Roman power two powerful British tribes — the Belgse and the Damnorici — captured twenty towns, and subdued the Isle of Wight.3 All that has come down to us relative to the Roman possession of the Isle of (1) In the number of the British Archaological Asso- on Bembridge Down, at the eastern extremity ; Wroxall elation Journal for July, 1854, is a paper entitled, and St. Catharine Downs, to the south ; Ashey, Messley, "Notes on the Opening of the Tumuli on Ashey Down. Chillertou, Bowcombe, Limerston, Gallibury, Brixton, By Benjamin Barrow, Esq.,'' pp. 162 — 165, with plate Mottistone, aud Brook Downs, in the interior; and on of three figures — two uras and the bronze dagger. The Shalcombe, Compton, Afton, Freshwater Downs, and map which accompanies the description, and to which Headon Hill, to the westward ; but with the exception of the above figures refer, has traced out the position and those on Bembridge Down, nearly all have already beeu distance of the twelve tumuli which were examined, in opened. relation to the sea mark situated on Ashey Down, and (3) Suetonius says of Vespasian, " Inde in Britan- will form a most useful reference in regard to future niam translatus, tricies cum hoste conflixil, duos vali- exeavations. dissimas gentes, superque xx o/jpida, et insulam Vectem (2) Bnti-ih barrows are found in considerable numbers Britannia p>->ximam, in Beditionem redegit." 16 A GENERAL HISTORY OF Wight is the simple mention of the fact of their acquirement of it, and the following occurrence mentioned in the panegyric of Eumenius, spoken in the year 296. Britain, under Carausius and AUectus, having defied the power of the Roman empire for ten years previous to 296, was at length in that year visited by Constantius with his army. The principal force, under the command of the Prsefect Asclepio- dotus, followed the Caesar himself, who was the first to set sail. On approaching Britain, " the fogs so covered the whole surface of the sea, that the hostile fleet which had been placed at the Isle of Wight to look out and take us by surprise were ignorant of our being near them, and we passed by them without experiencing the slightest delay, much less opposition at their hands." The Romans called the Isle of Wight Vecta, Vectis, and Vectesis — they were much in the island, and knew its value well. They must no doubt, also, have had good roads and a town of their own within it. Fosbroke says the word " street" denotes Roman localities.1 One of the roads, constructed with the great skill which that people displayed in their formation, may still be traced in a very perfect state from Caris brooke over Bowcombe Down, until it is lost for a short distance in the ploughed fields which occur between Bowcombe and Brighstone Downs, when it again appears skirting the settlements of pit dwellings. Mr. Kell is probably right in saying that the town of Newport had its origin in Roman times, and the following are some of the reasons given as confirmatory evi dence of such having been the case. The Romans built theii towns near a fort in order that they might have protection, and they placed them near the river for a supply of water, and for drainage purposes, and they invariably laid them out in a rect angular form ; and who can fail to contrast, even at the present time, the admirable regularity of the Roman portion of Newport, with the confusion and disorder dis played in thep,Temainder? Four streets — Crocker Street, Holyrood Street, Corsham Street, and West Lane — form nearly a square, and are crossed by the intermediate streets at right angles.2 Probably it was built before a.d. 137, as a coin of the Emperor Hadrian was found enclosed in a stone wall in a house in the Corn Market. Another point deserving of attention in the laying out of this town is that it exactly fulfils the condition of the Roman towns in being placed near a position of (1) A great Roman road, there is good reason to again, Elderton Street and Whippingham Street, from believe, once traversed the island from north to south, north to south, in the East Medina. There is some passing the principal Roman stronghold — originally a appearance of arrangement in the roads running from the Celtic fortress— Carisbrooke. " There are, besides, many north to the south, and of a reference to Carisbrooke roads called streets, from the Latin word stratum, which, if Castle as a centre, in the streets from east to west." — not always planned by the Romans, were adopted by them. Rev. E. Kell. These streets have, by their unusually large number in (2) So long ago as 1835, when Mr. Kell began his the island, the impress of extensive Roman residence. investigations regarding the origin of Newport, one of Thus, parts of the adopted British tin road from north the first discoveries made, was that from the commence- to south are called Rue Street, North Street, Chillerton ment of the four principal streets to the centre of the Street, and Chale Street. On the west there is Thorley town where they all meet was in each case precisely the Street and Street Place. On the east, Arreton Street, same, thus answering in this respect also to the descnp- Bembridge Street, Haven Street, and Play Street; and tion of most Roman towns. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 17 defence; also by a river side, and, where practicable, at the confluence of two streams, so that the population might have a copious supply of water — the Medina flowing at the east, and the Lukely stream upon the north, exactly fulfilling these latter con ditions. It will also be observed that it has been conveniently situated in relation to the important Roman fortress at Carisbrooke Castle, its main street, Castlehold, pointing directly to it ; thus fulfilling the former. Another proof is its name, which is deserving of particular attention, as being undeniably Latin, and a term significant in that language of its locality. In all ancient records it is referred to under its original name Medina, derived from the Latin word medium, or the middle. Of the ten streets which Newport contained, there were seven of them with names derived from the Latin.1 Fragments of Roman pottery with some bones and teeth of animals were found some time since while digging at the back of Mr. Dashwood's workshop in Lugley Street, and are now preserved in the museum at Newport. Wall-case " No. 3." Many Roman coins of various dates have been discovered in Newport, and Mr. Kell has in his possession the coins now mentioned, as having been discovered there : — Nero, 2nd brass. Found at site of the New Gas Works, 1851-2. Domitian, 2nd brass. Found Castle Hold, about 1850. Julia Domna. Pyle Street, about 1847-8. Alexander Severus, 1st brass. Pyle Street, 1851. Gordianus, a Denarius. Node Hill. Date uncertain. Constantinus I., small brass. Pyle Street, 1850-1. Constantinus II. , small brass. Pyle Street, 1851. Constans, small brass. Site of the New Gas Works, 1852. Claudius, but doubtful if not Drusus. Much obliterated. Pyle Street, 1851-2. SmaU brass coins of the Lower Empire. Much worn. Pyle Street, 1851-2. Valens, small brass. The site of the New Gas Works, 1851-2. Libius Severus ; Aureus. On Mountjoy ; the marl-pit ; about 1841 or 1842. Postumus Billon. Newport. Date uncertain. It is more than probable that other relics of the Roman period will be discovered at Newport in the future, and it is certain that these would have been far more numerous if Newport had not experienced such desolating attacks from foreign foes during its earher history. (1) "Thus Pyle Street, from pylum, a gate or port, syllable, cor, a heart. The name Holyrood Street pro- and until the last seventy or eighty years Pyle Street bably superseded the more ancient name, and meant the was the way out, the gate or port from Newport to street leading to the holy cross, or rood, which was Ryde, over the ford at the bottom of Pyle Street. another name for cross. The names of the two rivers Lugley Street is from lux, light, as in Luguvallum were also Roman, the Mediua and the Lukely. Pandown (Carlisle), and Lugum (Lowth). Crocker Street reminds was Pan, the god of shepherds, and Mountjoy may be a us of Crocalana (the town of Brough in Nottinghamshire), corruption of Mons Jovis, the Mountain of Jupiter. One and seems to be from crocus, yellow. Scarrots Lane may sees, therefore, that at least a portion of a Roman word is be derived from scarrosus, rough. Castlehold is from combined withthe name of almost every street, stream, and castetlum, the castle. Corsham is Roman in its first hill in and about Newport." — Rev. E. Kell, 1852 & 1867. 18 A GENERAL HISTORY OF In December of 1861 a most interesting discovery was made at Newport, of the ancient Roman cemetery of Medina, A portion of this important burial-place was laid open in the cutting made in approaching that town through the high ground on its north side for the Newport and Cowes railway. This hill is separated from the town by the smaU stream called the Lukely.1 Within "this piece of hilly ground, and about two hundred yards from the river," Mr. Kell says, " were found scattered relics of urns, calcined bones, and wood-ashes ; fragments of a dozen different amphoras and of paterae of various kinds, extending for a space of fifty yards through the cutting." There were five large troughs twelve yards apart, with intervening minor troughs, which were cut through transversely by the excavation of the railway. They were three or four feet deep, and were very full of reUcs of incineration and fragments of urns. In pursuing this vein of relics several additional pieces of amphoras, and fragments of urns with the incinerated bones in them or about them, were also found. The ground, it should be observed, is very unfavourable for the preservation of such remains, being upon the London clay. This hiU probably contains many other valuable Roman relics, judging from the section of ?o small a portion having proved so productive. The pottery found here forms a considerable collection, and is in the museum at Newport. A portion of these completely fills one case, and consists chiefly of fine and large fragments of pottery — some few half- perfect vessels — ashes, and pieces of burnt bone. In the month of May, 1855, the site of a Roman-British pottery was discovered in the parish of Brixton. It was situated on the cliff, about one hundred and fifty yards east of Barnes' Chine, and three hundred yards south of Barnes. In conjunc tion with Ernest WUkins, Esq., Mr. Kell excavated its site for a length of about sixty feet, to the undisturbed stratum beneath, on the top of the cliff, untU all traces of pottery were lost. It is considered that this spot was merely the edge of a widely extended pottery, the remainder with the kilns having been removed with the cliff by the continued agency of the undermining waves of the British Channel. Here the sea has long been making, and wiU continue to make, inroads, acres having been washed away within living memory. The urns discovered were in no instance perfect, although a few specimens almost entire were obtained ; they, however, feU to pieces on removal. Some, by the ingenuity and perseverance of Mr. WUkins, have been put together, and exhibit great varieties of shape. By a comparison of the pottery with the sub jacent clay, the latter appeared to have been the material from which it was made. Many of the urns found in the barrows and cemeteries of the island correspond in form and material with those discovered at Barnes, and Mr. Kell believes most of them were actually manufactured at this pottery. The collection of pottery now fills the half of a table-case in Newport Museum, and consists of fragments of urns, (1) It is a circumstance worthy of notice, that they town, and on the other side of the river, in accordance placed their burial-ground outside the boundaries of the with their usual custom. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 19 paterse, and domestic utensils. Some of the vessels were coarsely ornamented, and in colour were either brown, black, red and green, pale blue, or shades of these. A few smaU pieces of Samian ware and an iron ornamentation tool were also found, and are exhibited in the same case.1 A fine series, but much broken. A gallon of Roman coins was found at Barton Wood, now the property of her Majesty the Queen. At Bonchurch, just below the old church, may still be seen a small portion of an old Roman camp. The sea encroaching on the cliff has already washed away all the interior, and there only remains now the bank and the ditch of its land side, but these are in a fine state of preservation, and well deserve a visit from the archasolo- gist. In the grounds of Underrock, at Bonchurch, have been found several Roman coins, and horns of the bos-longifrons, the lesser taurus, or wild bull, and the red deer. " Roman- British urn found at Mountfield, Bonchurch." Almost perfect, and a good specimen. In wall case " No. 3," Newport Museum. " A coin of Marcus Aurelius, and an ornamented Roman tile, found on Bowcombe Down." In Newport Museum. This museum is also in possession of some " Roman bricks from Carisbrooke Castle." A piece of a Roman stone roof-tUe was found in the Castle on October 21, 1867, by Mr. Lockhart, and is now in the Museum. This specimen is not only interesting from its place of finding, but is good in itself, and contains the usual round hole for insertion of naU, which is rusty from use. An important Roman villa was discovered at Carisbrooke in the spring of 1859, and has proved a source of great attraction ever since. The circumstances under which it was discovered are as follows : — Mr. William Spickernell observing workmen excavating for stables on the vicarage grounds, walked in to see if anything of interest had been turned up, and was agreeably surprised by finding some pieces of Roman tiling, which had been thrown up by the workmen. He at once applied to the vicar, the Rev. Edward Boucher James, for leave to examine the place, which was readily granted, and every facility afforded him. Following in the wake of the workmen, some broken pottery and scattered tessellae were next found, and as the latter gave indications of pavements, exploring trenches were then cut in several directions. The first trench opened up a coarse (1) The label informs us that " This collection of refers to a short but valuable paper entitled an " Account pottery was obtained from Barnes Cliff, near Brixton. of a Romano-British Pottery at Barnes, near Brixton, Isle It marked the site of a manufactory which probably of Wight. By the Rev. Edmund Kell, M.A., F.S.A." produced the funereal urns then in use on the island and 8vo. pp. 5. Illustrated by a plate giving six examples of elsewhere. It was expbred by Mr. E. Wilkins and the urns, and the iron tool drawn of its natural size. Rev. E. Kell in 1855. See Arch. Journal" This (2) White's "Directory of Hants," 1859. 20 A GENERAL HISTORY OF tessellated pavement, another disclosed the bath with its hypocaust, or flues for heating, and following up these, the general form of the villa came to light. Having next uncovered the chief pavement and the bath, and after some delay, roofed them over to prevent further damage, the excavations ceased for a time, till the ultimate fate of these remains could be decided upon. All being anxious to see the work completed, the vicar kindly gave up a portion of his grounds, and Charles Seely, Esq., of Brooke, advanced the money required for its complete exploration. The villa lies nearly north and south, and is 118 feet in length by 49 feet in width, though it may have been somewhat wider at its southern end. The outer walls remaining are, on the north, about 4 feet high, gradually dimin ishing to about 1 foot on the south, and are from 1 foot 6 inches to 2 feet thick. They are composed of chalk, with inferior mortar, the exterior portions being faced with flints. Owing to exposure, they are unfortunately fast decaying. On many parts of them the painted plastering of the interior was, when first uncovered, tolerably perfect, and a cement skirting moulding ran round several of the rooms. The bath is on the south-western side, and is nearly semicircular. It is built chiefly of flat tiles with a thick coating of concrete, and its length at the bottom is 7£ feet, the width 4 feet, and its present height about 16 inches ; but originally it was, possibly, somewhat deeper. A thick moulding of mortar runs round it and up the sides, and it has a smaU opening at one end for a leaden pipe to carry off the water. The floors of this and the adjoining rooms were laid upon columns of flat tUes, and were heated by a furnace. The hall, or atrium, is 45 feet wide, and 40 feet in length. It was surrounded by stone blocks, 2 feet square, which, no doubt, were the bases of pUasters for sup porting the roof. The flooring was of a coarse cement. At the outer entrance to this room one of the basement stones with the mortice in which the door swung yet remains. The furnace at the south-western angle of the atrium occupies the end of a space 8 feet 6 inches long by 6 feet 9 inches wide, sunk 3 feet deep, and approached by three rough stone steps. The tiling at the base showed abundant evidence of fire, and puddled clay for retaining the heat surrounded the ruins of the furnace, which communicated by a flue with the hypocaust of the bath and the adjoining apartment. On the right, or north of the hall, is a room quite unprotected, with a chess board pavement in red and white tessellae, 22 feet square. It has a semicircular recess on the south side, paved with tiles, in which, probably, stood a stove. An angle of this room projects for a space of 4 feet square into the south-western corner of the room which contains the best pavement. This room is in size 14 feet 6 inches by 14 feet 2 inches. The walls were painted at the lower part in panels of red, white, and green ; the decorations above, as could be seen from fragments which retained their colours almost unfaded, consisted of THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 21 foliage, flowers, and other representations. The floor of this room is in tessellated work, the central compartment of which is very beautiful. The borders of the pavement, wide, but irregularly so, are of coarse red and white tesserae. The design of the interior portion consists of parallelograms and other figures, with guilloche borders, enclosing the lotus flower and leaves, while in the centre is a vase containing water- lilies. This elegant combination of intricate design is composed of cubes, or tesseras, about half an inch square, of red, white, black, yeUow, and blue. Some of the other rooms, which need no particular description, were probably dormitories, but several have been destroyed on the southern side of the villa, and their site is now occupied by the stables of the vicarage. The charge for admission to the villa is sixpence each, and the money thus col lected is devoted to the parochial schools. The Queen and the Prince Consort visited this memorial of the past, and ex pressed their desire it should be thrown open to public examination, and the royal visit was repeated before our national loss in the death of the Prince Consort.1 I visited this villa on the 21st of October, 1867, and found the pavement still in a fair state of preservation. The blisters on it are owing to the delay in covering it in, and were caused by the sun's rays acting on the damp surface. The walls of the building are now in poor condition, and the pavement in the room 22 feet square, is entirely exposed to wet and frost. The relics found here consist of coins,2 two perfect bone hair-pins, two or three small bronze rings, blades of knives, a fine hand-saw of iron, hinges, various small iron articles, portion of a dagger of uncertain date, nails, some of them being 9 inches long, fragments of mortaria and of glass, part of the lower stone of a hand- mill, a few fragments of Samian ware, and a large quantity of broken pottery of various kinds, though chiefly of the coarser sort, from which two vessels have been skilfully restored. Bones of the deer, sheep, and other animals were abundant, and on portions of antlers of the red deer some marks appear as fresh as when made. Oyster and other shells were also found. Many of the above relics are now carefully preserved in a glass-case at Mr. William Spickernell's house in Carisbrooke.3 (1) His Royal Highness was a blessing to Great Britain. brooke, and include a piece of stone roof tile with hole, Born Aug. 26, 1819. Married to her Majesty the Queen, ridge tiles, a mass or two of concrete, piece of moulding Feb. 10, 1840. Died at Windsor Castle, Dec. 14, 1861. of bath, several pieces of cement floor, two or three (2) The coins found were as follows : — 1 Early British, masses of tesserse and loose specimens, iron nails, or Gaulish ; 1 third brass, Postumus the Elder ; 1 coin numerous fragments of pottery, and thirty or more in base metal, ditto, ditto ; 1 third brass, Gallienus ; pieces of coloured wall painting, two fragments of glass 1 third, Gallienus, or Victorinus ; 2 third brass, Constan- vessels, bones and teeth of animals, and some few other tine the Great ; I third brass, Constantine the Younger — relics. All collected and presented by Dr. Wilkins. P. Lon. in exergue ; 3 first and second brass, illegible ; On a wall of the museum room is a framed copy of 1, a rude imitation of a coin of the Lower Empire; 2 the beautiful coloured lithograph of the pavement as Roman minimi ; and 3 English silver coins. given in Dr. Wilkins's book, " A Plan of the Tessellated (3) The half of a table case in Newport Museum con- Pavement at the Roman Villa of Carisbrooke, Isle of tains a collection of relics from the Roman villa at Caris- Wight. Discovered May, 1859." 22 A GENERAL HISTORY OF On the east of a never-failing flow of water, called Buttlehole Spring, and west of Brixton Shute, is a field which bears the impress of having been the site of a Roman villa. These vestiges consist of underground foundations, Samian ware, Romano-British pottery, Roman coins, and other traces of Roman habitation. After the field has been ploughed, fragments of pottery and pieces of Roman tile and mortar may be picked up. The late Rev. E. M'AU presented to Newport Museum, a gold Valentinian II. , found a quarter of a mile east of this field, under Brixton Down, opposite Coombe Farm, but, very unfortunately, it has been stolen, along with several sUver English coins, by some worthless visitor. The traces of another Roman vUla exist at Clatterford, in the fields beyond Castlehurst, and opposite Bowcombe Barn. The quantity of Roman tiles was very considerable, and they were found scattered over the length of two fields, whenever the plough turned the surface, and probably extend into a third, now a pasture, as the tiles have been found to its very edge. Dr. WUkins coUected a quantity of these tiles, usually fragmentary, for preserva tion in the museum at Newport. One of the fields on which the villa stood is called King's Quay, and the large field below its site toward the stream is called " Court Mead." " A collection of Roman pottery, and a gigantic thigh-bone, found together in Centurion's Copse, near Brading. Presented to Newport Museum by the Rev. E. Kell, M.A." Some shapeless ruins are said still to exist half hid in the brushwood of this copse. A large field on Combley Farm, known as " Morgan's Close," probably contains the site of more than one Roman building, one in the centre of the field, and the other at the end next " Saltmore Copse." Pieces of stone tile and fragments of pottery have been picked up here, as well as two pieces of plain Samian ware. In the copse are some mounds of earth. Another Roman site is found in " Gritten's Field," Combley, and one other in a field distant a quarter of a mile from Morgan's Close, and known under the name of " Bennett's Rock." In the garden at Combley farm-house fragments of pottery have recently been found by Mr. John Lock.1 The same gentleman has now in his possession two Roman coins of Isle of Wight interest : one a 2nd brass of Faustina Minor, in (1) " On the northern side of Arreton Down, in a very that there is scarcely a part of the island where there are retired dell, and less known than most places in the not traces of settlements. By the untimely death of island, lies Combley Farm. Backed by downland, and Mr. Hillier the island is deprived of its historian, whose fronting one of the least populated and fertile spots, its successor will not easily be found, although he has left aspect is somewhat triste and lonely. Upon this farm, abundant materials almost ready for the continuation of in several spots, Mr. John Lock, jun., has found the his 'History and Antiquities of the Isle of Wight.'" — vestiges of Roman buildings, a very significant fact in Charles Roach Smith, F.S.A., in the Gentleman's Maga- connection with other discoveries of a like character zine for June, 1867. The character of this magazine made of late years. When Sir Richard Worsley pub- having been entirely altered, the monthly article entitled lished his 'History of the Isle of Wight,' he had not a "Antiquarian Notes, by Roach Smith," has been given word to print on Roman remains. Now it is ascertained up. June, 1868. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 23 very good condition, found by his father on Presford Farm, in the parish of Shorwell ; the other was found in the same parish, and is a 1st brass in poor condition. Mr. Cramer has lately called attention to an interesting discovery of Roman remains at Elmfield, near St. John's Church, at Ryde. In digging sand there numerous fine pieces of Roman vessels were found, as well as other relics. In the Ryde Museum wUl now be found forty fragments of pottery from the above site, including rim and bottom pieces, also two large pieces of mUl-stones, both having the usual hole in the centre ; but they do not form a pair. 250 Roman coins were found at Farringford in 1863, and included some of Gallienus and Salonica, the Tetrici, Victorinus, Postumus, and Claudius Gothicus. The site of a Roman building was discovered in Gurnard Bay, on ths 29th of Roman building October, 1864, and excavated in the month following. It was found close to where ,uGLirnardBay- once stood a fort called Gurnard Castle. The labourers employed soon uncovered the foundations and ground-floor of a Roman building of three rooms. The length of the south wall of the building was 42 feet 7 inches, and of the north wall 35 feet, a portion of that wall having fallen into the sea. Between these two walls were three rooms, two of which were about 15 feet long, and 9 feet 9 inches broad, having a tesselated pavement without pattern, but composed, apparently, of small square pieces of broken tile. The west room had two doors. The vestiges of the door in the south waU were near the edge of the cliff. The door on its north side was not opposite to this, but a few feet from the other end of the room. A stone on which a door-jamb had been fixed was found in the adjoining garden. There was a slight descent from the middle apartment at its north-east corner, by a doorway (a step of which remained) into the east room. Mr. Kell says, " The east room, from its raised fireplace, and the quantities of ashes, with an iron billhook or chopper, and knife-handle, found at its south-west corner, was probably the kitchen." Oyster and limpet shells, bones, and much pottery of a rough description, were found on the east side of this room. It is difficult to say where the kitchen ended, as a modern ditch had been made on its eastern side. Many hexagonal roofing stones, with holes in them for nails, were found both there and on the outside of the south wall. The tessellated pavement of the west room reached to the edge of the criff, at about 14 feet above the sea, and it is only too probable that large portions of this buUding have been swept away by the sea unobserved. The land here loses as much in some years as twenty yards, and several fields north of this spot have been washed into the sea within the last hundred years. ¦ Among the reUcs found here were the following : — Fragments of Samian ware, a bushel and a half of other pottery, including three pieces of Romano-British like that found at Crockle in the New Forest ; three small bronze relics, forming portions of two fibulae, and a button. The last article found was a very interesting figure of Mercury, barely two inches and a quarter in height. Its left leg from the knee is missing, and the left arm is also gone. The right arm is extended, holding a 24 A GENERAL HISTORY OF purse. There are also the wings, by which this deity is characterized, at the sides of the head. The coins found consisted of a silver Geta, a silver Vibius Volusianus, a sUver Constantius II. , also a Hadrian, much corroded; a first brass of Sabina, wife of Hadrian, also corroded ; on the reverse the empress seated. Another, the head of an empress, date uncertain ; on the reverse, a female figure standing. Four more Roman coins, much corroded, were found in the mould removed from this building, viz.: 1. Vespasianus ; rev., the eagle on a globe. 2. Faustina Major; rev., either Augusta or Eternitas. 3. Obv. uncertain, but apparently of the age of the Antonines ; rev., a Victory marching. 4. A Valens, Gratian, or Valentiman , rev., unintelligible, being so much corroded. 5. A silver coin of Maximus in tolerable preservation, having on its reverse pax avg. When Mr. KeU visited Gurnard Bay, on September 15th, 1866, the vestiges of the Roman building had entirely disappeared, the owner of the estate having erected sea-groining to some extent before the spot, to prevent the foundering of more land ; and cut the face of the cliff to make it slope to the shore, thus strengthening the foundations of the cliff at the expense of demolishing all traces of the building. Mr. Edwin Joseph Smith, who discovered the house, and resides near the spot, is in possession of the coins and relics found in the above excavation, as weU as several other interesting articles washed up on the beach of Gurnard Bay. 1 The coins discovered in different quarters of the island range over the whole period of the Roman occupation of Britain, and even descend to a later date. At Hyde, near Shanklin, a hoard of 600 Roman coins was discovered in the year 1833. Among these were coins of the Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, and the latter did not reign until a.d. 424. 2 In a field at Morton, near Brading, pieces of Roman tUes and coins have been occasionaUy found. At Dodpits, in the parish of Shalfleet, a fragment of the deUcate manufacture termed Samian, having a richly moulded design, was dug up more than ten years since. A very fine bronze armilla was found on the arm of a female skeleton at Ventnor, in 1845. Now in the museum at Newport It is engraved in Akerman's Archaeological Index, 1847. Plate XIIL, Fig. 25. Roman glass. Fragments of glass vessels are very commonly found on all Roman sites in this country, and much of this was probably made in Britain.3 . Mr. Thomas Wright, in (1) The foregoing account was obtained from a valuable Specimens of the tesselated pavement are preserved at paper by the Rev. E. Kell, entitled ' An Account of the Newport Museum, and Mr. Kell has tesserse from the Discovery of a Roman Building in Gurnard Bay, Isle of same place. As the walls of the Roman building Wight, and its relation to the ancient British tin trade in perceptibly enter the under part of the cottage garden the island." This was read before the members of the hedge, immediately adjoining the site of the excavation British Archaeological Association on the evening of March just described, it is much to be desired that further 8, 1865, and published, with additions, in the journal of exploration should take place in that direction. tliat society for December, 1866, pp. 351 — 368, with (2) The Romans left England in 414 to 420 ground plan of the building, and two plates of relicB. (3) " I have always believed, from the quantity of THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 25 his " Celt, Roman, and Saxon,'' has directed attention to the discovery of numerous pieces of ancient glass on the sea-shore at Brighton, and his account is now given in a note. When I was at Brighton, in the early part of 1862, I had the good fortune to collect half-a-dozen specimens of the glass alluded to in Mr. Wright's book, and still have them by me. It will be interesting to antiquaries to know that simUar pieces of glass are easily found on the shore in Ventnor Cove. In October of 1867 1 found several pieces of ancient glass in two colours, white and green, along the shore there, and they are identical both in shape, size, and colour with those I formerly discovered at Brighton. It is very probable that similar specimens may be collected at other parts of the Isle of Wight coast, they should certainly be looked for, especially in the neighbourhood of Alum Bay, where a fine white sand used in the manufacture of glass is found, and still exported in large quantities. " A Roman Bronze Ring, and (6) Roman Coins (Minimi) found in an urn in excavating the South End of the Ventnor Tunnel. Presented by John Loxley, Esq.," in the Andover Museum. The ring is rather thick, and about an inch and a half in diameter. At a meeting of the Numismatic Society, held in London, November 19th, 1863, a communication from W. Airy, Esq., was read, relative to a find of coins in the Isle of Wight. These coins were found at Wroxall, and were principally third-brass of Claudius Gothicus, Constantius, Constans, Valens, Valentinian II. , Theodosius, Arcadius, and Gratianus, and the number of the coins must have been nearly 5,000. In the Newport Museum are " 170 large and small brass and silver, Roman and Greek coins, from Augustus Cassar, B.C. 31, to Gratian, a.d. 313, found in various parts of the Isle of Wight." Also i( a collection of Roman brass and silver coins found in the island, and deposited by E. P. Wilkins, Esq."1 Roman glass that is found in this island, that we should small sections of the glass, and to apply them to ornamental some day trace the existence of Roman glass manufac- purposes, as brooches, &c. The largest piece shown to tories in Britain, and it is naturally to the coast that we Dr. Guest was about double the size of a man's fist ; it must look for them. But I was not aware that anything was of an amber colour, and much encrusted by marine of the sort had yet been observed, until I was informed insects, A large portion of the cliff on this spot has by my friend, Augustus Guest, Esq., LL.D., of a very evidently given way under the action of the sea, which curious discovery he had made on the coast at Brighton, has here encroached considerably on the land, and it is the sand of which, I am told, is extremely well calcn- not improbable that one of the slips common in the chalk lated for the manufacture of this article. Dr. Guest tells formation has at some distant period carried away with me that in 1848, as he was searching along the shore for it the remains of one of the Romano-British glass manu- specimens of agates, he picked up, on that portion of it factories. The fragments cast upon the shore are, no extending from opposite Kemptown towards Rotting, or doubt, parts of the lumps (massa) of the material which Rottendean, several pieces of what, in consequence of the were sent away hence to the glass workers in the greater attrition to which it had been subjected, appeared, on towns through the island. Pliny seems to intimate that placing them before a strong light, to be coloured the mass of glass thus sent out was colourless, and that pebbles ; but on taking them to an intelligent lapidary it was coloured by the glass-workers ; but it seems in the town, he at once recognised them as pieces of here to have been made in coloured masses, to be still glass, of which, after a heavy sea, he occasionally found more ready for use." — Pp. 229, 230. Second edition, considerable quantities. He produced several large 1861. pieces, the colours of which were amethyst, amber, emerald ( 1) One other Roman relic should he here mentioned, green, and deep maroon, the latter colour being the as it is a recent addition. On the bottom shelf of wall rarest. The lapidary was accustomed to cut and polish case No. 3, are two pieces of a top mill-stone, brought 26 A GENERAL HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS AND DANES. The first Saxon population of the Isle of Wight appear to have been Jutes, a tribe of the Teutonic race ; and the last exploit of Cerdic and Cynric was the conquest of the island from the Jutes in 530.1 Cerdic (who died in 534) and his son gave the island to Stuf and Wihtgar.2 In 544 Wihtgar is said to have died and been buried at Wihtgarabirig, the city of Wihtgar, now Carisbrooke; but the very etymology of the name renders this account questionable.3 In 661 we are told that the Isle of Wight was seized by Wulfhere, King of the Mercians, and bestowed by him on Adelwalch, King of the South Saxons. In 686 it was conquered by Ceadwalla, and passed from Paganism to Christianity. Wilfrid, the exiled Archbishop of York, then received the measure of land allotted to three hundred families, conjectured to be one-fourth of the whole island, from Ceadwalla, for the service of God, which he bestowed upon his nephew, Berniun, and a priest named Hiddila.4 In the year 731 the bishopric of the island is stated by the same author to belong to Danihel, Bishop of Venta.5 In the year 826 Ecgbert of Wessex granted by charter a portion of " Cawelburne " to the same see.6 In connection with the conversion of the inhabitants of the Isle of Wight, there is another event men tioned by Bede, which should be recorded here. The two brothers of Arnald, king of the island, having fled to the opposite coast, were there betrayed, and having received the rites of the Christian religion, were slain at Ad Lapidem, now Stoneham.7 The Raven of the Northmen first appeared against the Isle of Wight in the year 897, but after an obstinate engagement near the island, between the ships of Alfred the Great and the fleet of the Danes, two vessels, much injured, were cast on shore in Sussex, and their crews being conveyed to Winchester, were there hanged. In 998 the Danes are recorded to have been in complete possession of the island ; and in 1001, when Ethelred seems to have had neither fleet nor army to meet them, these Danish pirates were allowed to issue from their shelter and ravage the whole kingdom from thence to the British Channel. Under the date of 1001 there is especial mention of the destruction, by them, of the ViUe of Waltham8, and many from a cottage door at Newchurch by Dr. Wilkins. The The name Wihtgarabirig means simply the fortified material is pudding-stone. place of the Wight men. (1) " a.d. 530. This year Cerdic and Cynric con- The site of Carisbrooke Castle was no doubt the prin- qnered the island of Wight, and slew many men at cipal Saxon fortress in the Isle of Wight. Wiht-garas-byrg.'' — Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. (4) Bede. (5) Winchester. (2) " 534. This year Cerdic, the first king of the West (6) This charter, and a later one referring to "Ml Saxons, died, and Cynric, his son, succeeded to the Scealden fieote," or " Shalfleet," are the earliest mum- kingdom, and reigned from that time twenty-six years, ments which relate especially to the Isle of Wight. and they gave the whole island of Wight to their two (7) Mention of this incident will also be found under nep ews, Stuf and Wihtgar." — Same Chronicle. the account of that place. (3) " 544. Wihtgar, the nephew of Cerdic, king of (8) " 1001. They came to Wiht, and on the morn- the West Saxons, died and was buried in the Wihtgara- ing after they burned the vill at Waltham, and many birig, that is, in the city of Wihtgar." — Chronicle of other cotliffs ; and soon after a treaty was entered into Florence of Worcester. with them, and they made peace." — Saxon Chronicle. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 27 other " cotliffs." In 1006 and 1009 they again visited the Isle of Wight, and carried fire and sword over a large portion of the kingdom ; and in 1003, when Winchester and Oxford, and other important towns, had opened their gates to the victorious Sweyn, Ethelred the Unready, having abandoned London, fled to the Isle of Wight, whence he secretly sent his children with Emma, his Norman queen, to the court of her brother at Rouen. Ethelred remained in the island for some time, and then retired to Rouen as his only resource.1 In 1022 Canute was with his ships at the island.2 In 1048, during the reign of Edward the Confessor, it was again ravaged and plundered ; and in 1052 mention occurs of similar procedure there by Earl Godwin and his son Harold.3 In the last days of Edward the Confessor, Tostig, the brother of Harold, having been expelled from Northumbria, fled to the court of the Earl of Flanders, and there opened a communication with the Duke of Normandy. Soon after Harold's coronation 4 Tostig repaired in person to Rouen, and persuaded William to give him a few ships, with which he soon after levied contributions in the Isle of Wight and the country round Sandwich 6 Harold collected his fleet, with which he went to the Isle of Wight and the neighbouring coasts ; 6 but in a few short weeks the scene changed, and war burst upon this country from Normandy. William landed with his army on the Sussex coast, between Hastings and Pevensey on the 29th of September, 1066, and in the glorious Battle of Hastings, fought October 14th, Harold fell, and the Saxon army were van quished. William the Conqueror then became king, and England reaped the benefit of Norman rule. The first recorded discovery of Anglo-Saxon remains in the Isle of Wight occurred in the month of April, 1815, when a barrow was opened on Arreton Down by Thomas Cooke, Esq., of Newport, and other gentlemen. Several of the articles then found are in the museum at Newport. In the following year the late Mr. John Dennett opened some barrows on Shal combe Down, and also discovered the very important Saxon cemetery on Chessell (1) "1013. And the king departed then from the (5) "1066. And this year appeared a comet on the fleet at mid-winter, into Wiht-land, and was there 14th of the kalends of May, and so shone all the seven during that tide ; and after that tide he went over the nights. And soon thereafter came in Tostig, the earl, sea to Richard, and was there with him until such time from beyond sea, into Wiht, with so great a fleet as he as Sweyen was dead." — Saxon Chronicle. might procure, and there they yielded him as well money (2) " 1022. This year King Cnut went out with his as food." — Saxon Chronicle. ships to Wiht."— Saxon Chronicle. (6) " 1066, Sept. Then came King Harold to Sand- (3) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, under the date of wich, and there awaited his fleet, because it was long 1052, says, — "And he [Harold] then went eastward to before it could be gathered together. And when his his father ; and then they both went eastward until they fleet was gathered together, then went he into Wiht, and came to Wiht, and there they took that which was yet there lay all the summer and the harvest ; and a land remaining for them." force was kept everywhere by the sea, though in the end (4) He usurped the Saxon crown on the 6th of it was of no benefit. When it was the Nativity of St. Mary, January, 1066. See Palgrave's admirable History of the then were the men's provisions gone, and no man could Anglo-Saxons. any longer keep them there." — Saxon Chronicle. 28 A GENERAL HISTORY OF Down. On making this discovery, Mr. Dennett at various times, and as opportu nities occurred, opened about thirty graves, and found numerous interesting relics.1 In 1818 some additional graves in this cemetery were opened by Mr. T. Skinner, who also found valuable reUcs.2 But from this time until the year 1855 the burial-place was allowed to remain almost forgotten, and its most interesting portion unexplored. ChesseU is situated about seven mUes from Newport, at a short distance from the high road to Freshwater. The down is not so lofty as that of Shalcombe, from which it is separated by a narrow valley. Interments have been met with at Little ChesseU, and other places in the vicinity of Shalcombe and ChesseU. In the month of April, 1855, Mr. HUlier inspected ChesseU Down, and soon discovered an undisturbed portion of the cemetery. Having obtained permission from the owner of the soU, he at once commenced to excavate. His success was great, and nearly one hundred skeletons were exhumed, along with a most remarkable collection of Anglo-Saxon antiquities. This collection was soon afterwards purchased in London by Lord Londesborough, who kindly lent them to Mr. HiUier, in order that they might be engraved for his " History of the Isle of Wight," which work he left stUl unfinished at his death, in AprU of 1866. Soon after Mr. HiUier's death his widow returned all the relics to Lady Londesborough. This famous collection has since been acquired by the nation, and is now in the British Museum. The Anglo-Saxon relics now in the Museum at Newport are both numerous and valuable. They include the following articles : — An " Iron Axe from a Barrow on Arreton Down, Anglo-Saxon. Presented by Sir Leonard Holmes, Thomas Cooke, Esq., &c." In wall case "No. 3." Iron spear-head, "Anglo-Saxon, from Arreton Down Barrow." In ditto. Three " Iron knives found under the back of a skeleton. From an Anglo-Saxon Barrow on Arreton Down. Presented by Sir Leonard Holmes, Thomas Cooke, Esq. , &c." In ditto. Two curious relics of bone. " Small tooth comb and a portion of measuring rule, Anglo-Saxon. From a Barrow on Arreton Down. By Sir Leonard Holmes, Thomas Cooke, Esq., &c." In ditto. Thin " Piece of Bronze. From a Barrow on Arreton Down. By Sir Leonard Holmes, T. Cooke, Esq., &c." And on the same card, a very " Small Bronze Celt, locality uncertain, Anglo-Saxon." A fine and perfect specimen. In ditto. " Anglo-Saxon Barrow. Fragment of .(small) iron buckle from Arreton." In ditto. (1) See a paper communicated by Mr. Dennett, society, 8vo., 1846. Pp. 148 — 160. With a plate and through Mr. Roach Smith, to the meeting of the British several woodcuts of relics found. Archaeological Association, held at Winchester in 1845. (2) " At that time it was not generally understood It was entitled " Notes of Discoveries which have been that the Teutonic settlers in Britain were the actual nade in the Barrows, &c, in the Isle of Wight, in the people whose bodies were deposited in this and the other year 1816, and at several subsequent periods. By John similar places of interment which had been already ex- Dennett." Published in the Winchester volume of this plored in the county of Kent and elsewhere." HUlier. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 29 A large and long " Anglo-Saxon Sword from a Barrow on Shalcomb Down. By Mr. Dennett." Iron. Another long " Anglo-Saxon Sword from the cemetery at ChesseU Down. By Mr. Ernest P. WUkins." The point of this weapon is wanting. The following are all from ChesseU Down cemetery, and will now be found in wall case "No. 3:"— Iron " Spear Head. By Mr. Dennett." Small "Fragments of Pottery found scattered in the rubble covering the interments." " Thirteen Beads of Amber," &c. Twelve of these are coloured, but only eight are perfect specimens. Two " Bone ornaments, probably used as fastenings or buttons." " Bronze Buckles, usually found above the right hip ; probably used for the sword belt. By Mr. Dennett." Four good specimens. " Bronze Fibulae (two circular specimens). Two others, both gilt, one bow- shaped, and the second a bird. By Mr. Dennett." All four fine. " Back of a Fibula, and an uncertain ornament. By Mr. Dennett." "Anglo-Saxon Urn. By Dr. WUkins." Not quite perfect, and has been much mended. Bottom of a very fine glass vessel " Found over the right shoulder of a skeleton. By Mr. Dennett." Four fine " Bronze Rings, and a spiral Finger Ring of sUver. Also a fine gUt Fibula. By Mr. Dennett." A card with five " Iron Knives found by the left hip of skeletons. By Mr. Dennett, 1816." Three " Ear-rings, or pendulous ornaments. By Mr. Dennett." The longest is perfect and gilt. " Part of Iron Buckle." " Bronze Tweezers. By Mr. Dennett." Fine and perfect. Bottom and lower portion of ornamental glass vessel. " By Mr. Dennett." A beautiful relic.1 A very large glass case contains an extensive and valuable collection of bones and relics from the large barrow on Bowcombe Down.2 Twenty-two interments The Bowcombe were found in this barrow, besides the original one over which the mound had been case' raised by the Britons in the first place. On the labels the numbers refer only to the order in which the several interments were found by those who examined the barrow : — (1) Engraved and described in Mr. Dennett's valuable Down, Isle of Wight. By E. P. Wilkins, M.D., F.G.S. ; paper, for which see Winchester vol. of the British Rev. E. Kell, M.A , F.S.A. ; and Mr. John Locke." Archaeological Association. This paper, of 9 pages, was published in the Journal of (2) " Account of the Examination of the Largest the British Archaological Association, along with a Barrow in the Anglo Saxon Cemetery on Bowcombe plate of relics found. 30 A GENERAL HISTORY OF " Bowcombe Down Anglo-Saxon Cemetery. Interment No. 1. An incineration of an adult and chUd. No work of art (found with these)." A plate containing burnt bones in small pieces. " No. 2 interment." A headless skeleton, with a flat piece of Freshwater limestone found under the back of the skeleton. ' A brooch, hare shaped ; bronze enamelled ; late Roman ; found near right knee Fine.2 Bronze tag ; found near thigh bone.2 Very fine piece of metal with rivet holes. Iron buckle "belonging to sword belt; found in the sacrum of the skeleton." "No. 3. Early Saxon. An incineration." A large plate full. A Roman coin of Constantine, which had been burnt, was found along with portions of an iron dagger much corroded, lying over this deposit of calcined bones and ash. The dagger has been mended by Dr. WUkins. "No. 7 interment. An urn which fell to pieces." Small plate fuU of the fragments, and a small paper box containing burnt bones. "No. 9 interment. An urn containing an incineration." More fragments of burnt bone, iron, and a tooth. Nos. 10, 11, 12. Several skeletons were disturbed by workmen making race course. With them were discovered, — A very large, long, and fine " Sword, found by the side of a skeleton in the large barrow, Bowcombe Down Cemetery, 1858." Iron. Two iron spear-heads. Bronze buckles. Iron knife. Bronze hilt of a dagger (?). Bronze rivet or button of sword sheath. A curious bronze clasp (?). Bronze band of sword sheath. And four smaU " Fragments of an urn destroyed by the workmen." " No. 13. A perfect male skeleton, 5 feet 2 inches." The skuU of this is preserved along with five other bones marked " No. 13." With this are a " Bronze circular ornament found on the chest." Very fine. Iron knife found on left hip-bone. Bronze circular brooch at the girdle. Also a curious and rare bead of lead, oxidised white. Iron ring of a buckle, and another iron ring, with three fragments of iron. Three fine and perfect bronze rivets, and piece of bronze belonging to sheath of knife, found at the right side of the waist. Also an iron buckle, fragment of glass, and pieces of pot. {!) This stone is now in the private room at the museum. (2) Engraved on page 16 of Mr. Hillier's History. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 31 " No. 14. A perfect skeleton. No relics. Wood ash abundant. Fragments of pottery scattered in the grave." On to a bone, " No. 14. Only broken pottery with this S." " No. 15. A perfect male skeleton, 5 feet 9 inches. A very large iron spear head,1 found on right side of skull. " Iron dagger,1 found under left hip bone, with three perfect and fine bronze rivets, and a piece of bronze belonging to its sheath. " An urn in fragments, found on the left side of skuU.2 " Iron boss and handle of shield, the rivets plated with silver, found over the chest.3 " A perfect and beautiful bronze buckle, found at the girdle, along with a fine agate bead." An imperfect and much-mended urn. Mended urn, almost complete.1 And many other valuable relics, presented by Dr. WUkins, and the Rev. E. Kell. THE TOWN AND BOROUGH OF NEWPORT. Newport is the capital town of the island, and is seated on the river Medina, in a vaUey almost surrounded by lofty downs. It is a market-town and a borough, returning two members to Parliament. The market is held every Saturday, and brings together the produce of the Isle of Wight. The cattle-market is held every other Wednesday. Though almost surrounded by the West Medina liberty, Newport has a jurisdiction of its own ; a court of borough petty sessions, which sits every Monday ; and county petty sessions every Saturday. The county court for the island is held at Newport monthly. At the instance of Sir George Carey, Governor of the island, this town was summoned to return two representatives to the Parliament held in the 27th of The munici- Queen Elizabeth, 1585, and from that date has been regularly represented. The palltJ"- right of voting was first restricted to the free burgesses, and their number being limited to twenty-four, it was a close borough until thrown open by the Reform Act of 1832. The ancient borough comprehended the whole of the chapelry of Newport, a portion of the parish of St. Nicholas called " Castle Hold," the river Medina and harbour of Cowes from the town to a shoal out at sea called " The Brambles," (1) Both perfect and fine specimens. (4) In a case on the floor under that containing the (2) Several small fragments of pottery bearing the large collection, now partly described, is a small case label, " This belongs to No. 1 5." with glass front, containing three other urns from (3) This is a fine and large boss, with five bronze Bowcombe Down. They are imperfect and mended rivet3. The handle of shield has two bronze rivets, and specimens. bears mark of string fastening. 32 A GENERAL HISTORY OF and all the land on the contiguous banks where the tide has ever flowed. In the new borough the old districts are included, along with a large portion of Carisbrooke parish, " completely surrounding the ancient limits, except down the river." More than 1,100 of the inhabitants of West Cowes are within the present borough as occupiers of houses which stand upon sites recovered from the tide at ttw mouth of the Medina estuary. Among its representatives have been — Lucius Cary, second Viscount Falkland, 1640-1643.1 WUliam Stephens represented Newport in 1645, having been elected to fill the vacancy caused by Lord Falkland's death. Lord Cutts, 1648. Admiral Sir Robert Holmes, Knt., 1678-1689. H. J. Temple, third Viscount Palmerston, May 8th, 1807-1811.* Sir Arthur WeUesley, May 8th, 1807, to AprU 7th, 1809. Right Hon. George Canning, 1826-1827.* Its two members now are— R. W. Kennard, Esq. C. W. Martin, Esq. The population of the borough in 1861 was 7,934. The Kennel of the Isle of Wight Foxhounds is at Marvell. Mr. Harvey is the master, and Jones huntsman.5 Public The present Town Hall is situated in the High Street, and faces a large area. It buiidmgs. -g erected on the sfte 0f the 0\rl Town Hall, several of the adjoining houses having been purchased and pulled down in order to render the present structure more com modious. It cost about £10,000, and was built from a plan presented to the corporation by John Nash, the architect. The foundation-stone was laid on the 20th day of March, 1814, and the building was completed in March, 1816. The basement is opened on two sides by arches, surmounted by Ionic columns, which support a (1) Born in 1610. Succeeded his father 1633. He for Ireland in 1807 ; accompanied Lord Cathcart in the was Secretary of State to King Charles the First, and a expedition to Copenhagen, and received the thanks of the loyalist. Fell at the first battle of Newbury, September House of Commons for his services there. Created 20, 1643. . For account of this accomplished nobleman Viscount Wellington and Baron Douro (U.K.), 1809. see Clarendon's " History of the Rebellion." The Duke died September 14, 1852. (2) A name dear to Englishmen. He was born at (4) Then Foreign Secretary. Became First Lord of Broadlands, Hants, October 20, 1784. Succeeded his the Treasury on the 12th of April, 1827, and died on the father April 17,1802. Graduated M.A. 1806. In 1807 8th of August in the same year he joined the Duke of Portland's administration as a (5) A bit of intelligence for the Tedworth — "Through junior Lord of the Admiralty, which office he held till the efficacy of a bill procured by the gentlemen of the 1 809, when he became Secretary at War in Mr. Perceval's island for securing the farmers from the depredations of ministry; he continued to hold this office till 1828. foxes, badgers, polecats, and other noxious animals, the Became First Lord of the Treasury in January, 1855, and island is kept very free from them. continued such till February, 1858; again snch in 1859, " Even to let one of them loose is an offence punishable and continued so till his death on October 18, 1865. with transportation ; for were they once to take root in Buried in Westminster Abbey. the island, from the number of coverts in the cliffs, &c., (3) England's greatest general. Born May 1st, 1769. it would be nearly impossible to extirpate them." — Made a Privy Councillor, 1807. Was Chief Secretary Hassell's Tour, 1790. i I I I THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 33 pediment in front, and the columns only are of stone, the remainder being stuccoed. The council chamber is a room 28 feet by 30, and communicates with the magistrates' room, which is about 70 feet by 30. The platform on which the magis trates sit, together with the jury and witness-boxes, are fixed to the floor by screws, which can all be removed ; the partition between the two rooms is also removable, converting the apartments into one fine room 48 feet by 30, and 22 feet high. The inhabitants of Newport presented the corporation with a good portrait of their recorder, the late Sir Leonard Thomas Worsley Holmes, Bart., and this painting now hangs in the council chamber. It is a whole-length portrait, and represents him in his recorder's robe, standing between a table and arm-chair, with the fingers of his left hand resting on the table. Painted by Owen. Over the mantelpiece in this room are two very fine and life-like medallions of Lord Palmerston and Lord Brougham. They are both profiles, facing to the right, and were executed by R. C. Lucas, Esq., of Chilworth. Above them is a small painting of local interest, being a portrait of John Mann.1 In the large room is an admirable statue of " Chief Justice Fleming," which was presented to the town by his descendant, Mr. Fleming, of South Stoneham. With the pedestal its height is 12 feet. He is represented as seated in his robes, and holds a book in his right hand, which book is resting on his right knee. His left arm rests on the arm of the seat, and his right foot on a footstool. On the pedestal are three bas-reliefs of scenes in his life. The front one is " The Chief Justice is requested to retain his Seat in the House of Commons." That on the right side is "Fleming introduced to Queen Elizabeth as Solicitor-General." On the left, " Trial of Guido Fawkes." On the left side is marked at foot of seat, " R. C. Lucas. 1854." It is to be regretted that such a fine work of art is only a plaster statue, but as it is, the town of Newport may well be proud of it. In the Town Clerk's Office and Committee Room are two fine drawings over the mantelpiece, representing the interior and exterior of the old church of St. Thomas at Newport. The frames are made of old oak from the church. Drawn by Mr. Griffiths, a native of Newport.2 Here is also a small framed engraving of the old Town Hall, which deserves attention. It was " Engraved by I. Walker after an Original Drawing by J. Nixon, Esq. Published Jan17., 1798, by I. Walker, No. 16, Rosoman Street, London." Underneath the Town Hall, and in the open space before it,3 is held the weekly market. The Free Grammar School in St. James's Street is an object of special interest, and will well repay careful inspection. It is a stone mansion with a gabled front, and was built in the reign of James I. The school was established in 1614-19 by (1) For apprenticing orphans, and other poor children, (2) He became a brother of St. Cross, near Win- Newport has a yearly rent-charge of £50, left by John ehester, and I am told is now dead. Mann, in 1 688, out of the manor of Overton in Yorkshire. (3) St. James's Square. F 34 A GENERAL HISTORY OF Sir Thomas Fleming, Sir John Oglander, Edward Cheke, of Mottistone, and other gentlemen of the island, for the education of fifteen (now twenty) boys, entering at seven or eight years of age, and remaining untU they are fifteen. Thirty day scholars are also admitted, and the master may receive boarders. The income is derived from the rents of three houses in Newport, and about thirty-five acres of land at Hunny HiU. The master's yearly salary is £120, and he has also a house and smaU garden rent free.1 The school is now under the able superintendence of the Rev. Allan Wallace, M.A., who was appointed head-master in 1843. This house had the honour of being selected by King Charles I., for his residence during the time occupied by the Treaty of Newport. The king continued here for sixty-one days, and dated his correspondence " from our court at Newport."2 I am indebted to Mr. Wallace for the foUowing very interesting account relative to his residence and the Treaty : — " Some of the meetings were held at this house, and others in the old Town HaU,3 the treaty was signed in the room, then, as now, the school. Charles I. was seized in this house, in his bed-room. Those who came, knocked up, and arrested him, went through my house-door. There was always a tradition that the house contained a secret passage by which King Charles could have escaped ; about twelve years since I had men working in my house up-stairs, and they discovered the entrance to this secret passage in a small room at the top of the house. The air of the passage was full of dust, and musty, but one of the men ventured to enter it with a lantern. It was low and so narrow that to come back again the man could but just manage to turn ; he had not courage to go quite to the end, but he went some way. This passage went round the west side of the house, and did not descend. It is believed the king would have made his escape through it, and let himself down by a rope where it terminated, and so got away, if the soldiers had not arrested him in his bed-room so quickly. I had the entrance again stopped up, but the passage remains as it was, no one went to the end of it.4 The schoolmaster at the time of the treaty was one Mr. William Hopkins, a loyalist, who tried to protect, and did all he could for the king while he stayed in Newport. On the morning he left, as he (1) Carlisle's Endowed Schools. seated ou either side of a long table. When the king (2) The " Bull Inn " (now the " Bugle Hotel ") was wished to consult his friends, he retired to a private occupied by the commissioners. The " George Tavern " apartment. was the place of assemblage for the royalists, and stood (4) Among the letters of this period one has been on the south side of the High Street, but it has long founu with the signature "Hellen," addressed to Hopkins since been pulled down. Its site is now occupied by the the schoolmaster, but evidently deciphered by the king shops of Messrs. Wavell (chemist), Cowdery (grocer), himself. It is dated in October, and contains the follow- and Gubbins (bookseller). ing confirmatory passage : — " If then he will betake him (3) The conferences began on Monday, October 2,1648, to his escape, let him do it on Thursday or Friday next, ;n the old Town Hall, a picturesque and gabled building but by all means out of some door, aud not from the then lately ejected. The king sat under a canopy of house-top by means of ladders. For I have heard too much state, on a raised chair, with bis lords in waiting and of that way talked of by some near him. Further, I desire chaplains standing behind it. The commissioners were none may be trusted herewith but your son aud Levet." THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 35 was going through the hall, ue said, ' Mr. Hopkins, we must part, and I have no token that I can give you to remember me by, but I am still King of England,' and he made him kneel down, and drew his sword and knighted him in my hall, and said, ' Arise, Sir William Hopkins.' He was not a clergyman." " For the last hundred and twenty-four years there have been only three head masters of this school. The Rev. George Richards was here fifty-nine years, and came next before me ; his brother educated George Canning. I came in the year 1843. Before Richards was the Rev. Mr. Dickenson (or Dickinson), and he was here forty-one years."1 The old front-door of oak, studded with nails, and with the original iron handle, has been removed, and is now the back-door. The present house-door is only imita tion oak, but is larger than the old one. Above this is a square moulding, which terminates with two heads. Above the windows are also square mouldings, but all these are modern. The schoolroom is up-stairs, and about 50 feet long. It was lighted by six old windows, but one of these is now blocked up by the new room on the west side of the house. Near the upper end of the room is the master's door, and Mr. WaUace informed me that it was " at this end Charles I. used to sit, and when the commissioners wished to consult together they put the king through a small door which opened into a little room still called * King Charles's Room.' Next to this was his bed-room." The present master was engaged as a curate when appointed, and could not manage to be present when the house under went " a thorough repair," and the old screen at the king's end of the room was taken away, and could not be afterwards traced by Mr. Wallace. The dedo and floor of schoolroom are both new, and were clone at this time. " Many old English coins were found underneath the old boards, and parted with by the workmen."2 One of the table-desks is as old as the time of Charles I., and now stands half-way down the room, against the outer wall. The doorway into the adjoining room was purposely made at the time of the treaty, for the king's use. This little door has not been preserved, and the doorway is blocked up, but its place is clearly marked on the wall. It commenced at the distance of 4 feet 6 inches from the upper end of the room, and was 5 feet 6| inches high, by 2 feet 8 inches wide. The boys' entrance is at the bottom of the room, and was there in the time of King Charles, the only alteration being, that the old door is now hung on different staples ; the old ones, however, remain in situ? Divine service was performed in this room on each Sunday during the treaty, and was regularly attended by the king himself. Sunday the 19th of (1) "At least they made up the 100 years between and others. The conferences took place in the schoolroom, them." — A. W. which remains unaltered. The king's advisers, stationed (2) " In the garden I often find old tokens, such as behind a curtain, were not allowed to appear, although ' John Smith, his token,' &c." — A. W. Charles himBelf .might retire to consult them as often as he (3) " In the Free Grammar School, erected in 1614, pleased."— Murray's Handbook for Isle of Wight, 1858. were held the meetings and negotiations between Charles I. A minute report of each day's transactions is preserved aud the Parliamentary Commissioners, Hollis, Vane, Glyn, in Oudart's diary, vide Peck's Besiderata Curiosa, b. ix. 36 A GENERAL HISTORY OF November, being the birthday of the king, the Archbishop of Armagh preached from Gen. xlix. 3, and the sermon was printed.1 The Uttle room adjoining is stiU known in the town by the name of " King Charles's Room," and is lighted by one window, looking into St. James's Street The length of the room is 1 1 feet 2 inches, its breadth, 6 feet 8 inches, and its height is 5 feet 11 inches. There is a wooden step to the window, which is 6J inches high, and 1 foot | of an inch deep. It has been lately papered, and is now used as a dressing-room. There is a door into the king's bedroom from this little room, 5 feet 10f inches high, by 2 feet 11 inches wide. The head of the king's bed rested against the wall of the little room, with its foot towards the small window. The length of the bedroom is 17 feet 2 inches, and 13 feet 5 J inches wide, and is a good height. It has two windows, one of which is a large one looking into St. James's Street, with a recess Hi inches deep. The other is a small one at the side of the house, and has a seat with a locker in its recess. The lid of the locker is now nailed down. The frames of both windows are ancient, and the glass and iron work as well in the larger of the two. The bedroom was at one time larger than it now is, as a small room has been taken out of it, but at what period is uncertain. Originally the fire place (which still remains) stood in the middle of one side. The noted Outer Door was at the head of the staircase, but unfortunately the old door itself has disappeared, as the present one is of green baize. Happily the old one was of stronger make, and withstood the immediate entrance of the rude soldiers who arrested the king in the room we have now been describing. The room in which the secret passage began is a small bedroom at the top of the house. The entrance is clearly marked on the wall, and is 3 feet 8 inches high by 2 feet 3 inches wide. This room has a small and curious carved mantelpiece of wood, which Mr. HUlier said was " ancient." In place of a hearthstone old Dutch china tiles are inserted. These tUes are forty in number, and consist of four rows of ten each. Their designs are all from Scripture, and form a highly curious and instructive series. Some of the scenes are as follow : — Joseph taken up from the pit. The sons of Jacob showing him Joseph's coat. Moses being found by Pharaoh's daughter. The Israelites gathering manna. David with the head and sword of Goliath. Elijah being fed by the ravens. Jonah in the whale. The rich man at dinner, and Lazarus lying at the foot of his table. The rich man in hell, talking to Abraham, who is in heaven with Lazarus. The crucifixion of our Lord. (1) "Rights of Primogeniture, or the Excellency of day," small 4to., sewed, 1648. Oudart, in his diary, Royal Authority, in a sermon preached before his Majesty furnishes the names of the preachers, with notes of their in the Isle of Wight npon the anniversary of his birth- discourses. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 37 Jesus taken down from the cross. St. Peter on the top of the house, with living animals let down to him in a sheet by angels from heaven. And many others. Two front tiles are broken, but aU the rest are perfect, and in a fine state of pre servation. The roof of the house above this room is covered with stone tiles, and by looking out of the window one can see the border of the adjoining roof, also covered with stone tUes, just underneath which the secret passage runs. There was a small room at this west end of the house, now replaced by a larger, built by Mr. Wallace. The roof of the old one was covered with stone tUes, and in this up-stairs room was also a set of Dutch tiles in the place of a hearthstone. They have been preserved, and are now on each side of the grate in the new room. The dining-room is underneath the school-room, and a large well-proportioned apartment. At the end of this is a small study, also underneath the school-room. The drawing-room is smaller, and opposite the dining-room. The walls are covered with oak panelling, and there is a very fine Jacobean mantelpiece beautifully carved, and also of oak. It has two carved heads on its front of James I. and his queen, but a central figure is now wanting. Mr. Wallace says : — " This had been covered with a coat of white paint by my predecessor, and I ordered it to be taken off. The men began to do this, but the scraping was found to injure the carvings, and we did not continue it. The only thing I could now do was to have it all coloured imitation oak." This was accordingly done, and the room looks very well indeed. An old tradition points out the table on which the treaty of Newport was signed. This is now preserved in the kitchen, and is, I believe, made of deal. It has a deep drawer stUl in it, but one leg of the table is wanting. In size this table is 2 feet 6| inches high, 3 feet 1 inch long, and 1 foot 6| inches wide. THE ISLE OF WIGHT INSTITUTION. This institution was established in 1810, and the present building erected in 1811, at a cost of £3,000, from Nash's designs, and fronts the open area of St. James's Square, where the cattle market is held. It contains a library of 5,000 volumes, and a reading-room supplied with maga zines and newspapers. Members are elected by ballot, and pay an admission fee of one guinea and a half, and a yearly subscription of two guineas. The annual income is about £180. In the year 1813 an Isle of Wight Philosophical Society was instituted at New port, and a museum established in connection with it. The collection occupied a room at the Isle of Wight Institution. The Rev. E. Kell became an honorary curator 38 A GENERAL HISTORY OF of this museum about the year 1827, and continued in the office untU 1852, when this valuable and good coUection of local antiquities, and other articles, was made over to the Isle of Wight Museum, then founded at Newport. The PhUosophical Society had almost died out by 1852, and it was with difficulty that the necessary number of members were hunted up, to enable the collection to be made over.1 THE ISLE OF WIGHT MUSEUM IN NEWPORT, This museum was founded in 1852 by the exertions of its honorary curator, Ernest P. Wilkins, Esq., F.G.S., who presented many specimens, coUected a sum of money from the inhabitants of Newport and its vicinity, and acquired the permission of the members of the Isle of Wight Institution and the Philosophical Society, to remove from the premises of the former a coUection of antiquities and natural history which had been accumulating from the year 1813. The corporation of the borough, on application, granted a room in the Guildhall for its depository free of rent. This soon became so crowded that it was necessary to rent premises which would afford greater accommodation, consequently the collection was transferred to apartments in a house in Lugley Street. In 1863 another removal for the better took place, and the museum is now at the corner of Crocker and St. James's Streets. By the occupation of the present premises the Museum Committee are enabled to admit the public daily, by having accommodation for a resident door-keeper. Every evening the use of the rooms is given to the Newport Reading and Mutual Improvement Society, and by this method the annual expense is lessened. The museum contains an extremely interesting and valuable collection of antiquities, and objects of natural history, chiefly found in or relating to the island. It may be inspected gratuitously, but as the funds are derived from voluntary subscriptions, a visitor's offering should always be given, and a box just inside the inner door stands ready to receive it. In connec tion with this is the Isle of Wight Museum Society, first established in 1852. The annual subscription is 2s. 6d. for each member, and the society's head-quarters are at Newport Museum. The officers of the museum are at the present time as foUows : — President : Rev. E. Boucher James, M.A., Vicar of Carisbrooke. Vice-Presidents : Sir H. P. Gordon, Bart. ; Lord Heytesbury ; R. W. Kennard, Esq., M.P. ; C. W. Martin, Esq., M.P. and F.S.A. ; Sir John Simeon, Bart. Treasurer : Mr. R. Pinhorn, London and County Bank. Honorary Curator : Dr. Wilkins, F.G.S. And an influential Committee. A case here contains numerous Isle of Wight traders" tokens, and some of traders of Portsmouth and other localities out of the island. (1) Four of the founders were the Rev. Daniel Mr. Blaine, the author of various works on the Dog, Tyerman, Thomas Cooko, Esq., the Rev. WiUiam Hughes, &c, was of the isie of Wight, and some time a curator in »nd Thomas Waterworth, Esq. the museum along with Mr. Kell. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 39 Cowes farthing — Obverse, p . s . c . 67, surrounded by peter covrtnell. Reverse, c . p . s . and in ye west cowes. A fine specimen, presented by the Rev. E. Kell. Cowes halfpenny — Obv. Full-face bust, and west cowes halfpenny 1798. Rev. Town arms. No legend. A fair specimen. Newport. Halfpenny — Obv. A ship. No legend. Rev. Newport in the . isle of . wight 1664. This in five lines. Two specimens, one very fine. Halfpenny — Obv. A ship. No legend. Rev. NEWPORT . IN . THE . ISLE OF - WIGHT A . HALFE PENNY. This in six lines. Five specimens, one very fine. Farthing — Obv. A ship, the arms of the town. Rev. NEWPORT . IN . THE . ISLE OF - WIGHT 1664. Four good specimens. Farthing — Obv. The Stationers' arms, with legend — ann . babford . in. Rev. a . b . and Newport in . isle . of . wite. One poor specimen. Halfpenny — Obv. Stephen barton of Newport = b . s . e. Rev. i ye . isle of wight 1664 = his halfe pent. A good specimen. Farthing — Obv. richard dore = r . d. Rev. of Newport = 1654. Four specimens, two of them fine. Halfpenny — Obv. iohn edwards of Newport = his halfe pent. Rev. IN ye isle of whight 1668 = e . i . M. A good specimen. Farthing — Obv. will hannam new = Arms. Rev. port isle . wite = w . h. Very fine specimen. Halfpenny — Obv. w^liam hapgood = St. Michael and the dragon within a shield. Rev. Newport 1668 = his halfe penny. A good specimen. Farthing — Obv. iohn . t . hore . . . = Obliterated. Rev. port . isle of wight = i . e . h. Farthing — Obv. thomas ivnlnce = A vase of flowers. Rev. OF NEWPORT . 1654 = t . I. A very fine specimen. 40 A GENERAL HISTORY OF Farthing — Obv. edward knight in = A castle. Rev. NEWPORT ISLE OF WITE = E . K. Farthing — Obv. arther legg 1656 = Arms. Rev. OF NEWPORT = * L * A * I. A very fine specimen. Farthing — Obv. anthony maynard = St. Michael and the dragon. Rev. IN NEWPORT = M . A . E. A good specimen, presented by the Rev. E. Kell,1 and a second slightly imperfect, and with a hole through it. Farthing — Obv. eliz : maynard new = e . m. Rev. PORT . ILE . OF WITE = E M. Five specimens, four of them very fine, but the fifth poor, and with a hole through it. " Presented by Mr. Green, Brixton." Halfpenny — Obv. cvthbert mills . neare — m c * e 1670. Rev. NEWPORT . Y . ISL OF WIGHT = HIS HALF PENY. Three fine specimens. " One presented by J. H. Hearn, Esq." Farthing — Obv. w newland of Newport = A shield. Rev. in ille of weight = n w g. Two fair specimens '• found at Brixton." Halfpenny — Obv. Francis searle of newporte = The Brewers' arms. Rev. ye isle of wight . 1670 = half penny . s . f . i. Two specimens, one of them in good preservation. " Presented by J. H. Hearn, Esq." Farthing — Obv. ieames smith in = A castle. Rev. castill hold . Newport = i . e. s. Presented by the Bev. E. Kell. Farthing — Obv. ioseph whithead in = 1664. Rev. NEWPORT ILE . OF WITE = W I K. Ryde. Farthing — Obv. Nicholas oakley . in = 1664. Rev. ride . isle . of . wite . = o n m. Two specimens of this, in good preservation. Yarmouth. Halfpenny — Obv his half pe . . . = h . w . b. Rev. . . . th yarmovth 1667. = A ship. Farthing — Obv. iohn price yarmoth = St. George and the dragon. Rev. isle of wite = i . p. A very fine specimen. (1) With this is a farthing token, also given by Mr. wight 1664, in five lines. Several of these local tokens Kell. It has on one side xewpokt in the isle or are not mentioned in Boyne's work. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 41 Farthing — Obv. iohn price . yarmoth = St. George and the dragon. Rev. IN THE . ISLE . OF . WITE . = I . P. St. George and his horse are spirited and good. It is a very fine specimen. A Token. Farthing — Obv. iohn iollife of = i . e . s Rev. Obliterated. " Bankers' Halfpenny — Obv. Profile (looking to the right) surrounded by = Robert bird wilkins. Rev. A ship, ' The Newport Arms,' surrounded by isle of wight halfpenny 1799. Presented by his grandson, Ernest P. Wilkins." A fine specimen. SUver — Obv. Newport isle of wight 1811. = A ship. Rev. union token sixpence = bee-hive.1 Among the relics not already mentioned are the following : — A small " urn from an Isle of Wight Barrow, probably Shalcomb." This has been well mended, and is perfect. An ornamented and fine " urn from Shalcomb Down. Sir Leonard Holmes." Not quite perfect. A skull from " Brooke." Two skulls from Arreton Down — one of them has become white from lying in chalk. " Antique Tile from Nunwell. N. I. Stratton, Esq." On top of the wall case which contains Wealden fossUs is a model of the old church of Newport, by Mr. Millidge. On the floor, under the Bowcombe case, are four specimens of Norman sculpture — " Base of a pinnacle from the old church at Newport." " Base of a pinnacle from the old church, Newport." " Top of a column of the old church, Newport. It was found built in as material. Wilkins." The fourth is a fine piece of old stone sculpture from the same church.2 Close by these, on the wall, is a good "drawing of an ancient Carved Oak Chimney- piece at H. D. Caldecot's, Esq., Sheat, I. W., by J. E. Halls." Adjoining this is a stand hung with fine portions of two or three suits of plate- armour from Carisbrooke Castle. On the floor is an iron cannon of the earliest manufacture ; it has a chamber at (1) There is also a Newport shilling of this date, and " Seal of the mill and cell of St. Cross, Newport, I. of they were both issued by Robert Bird Wilkins. His W. Presented (by) Mr. Penny Starling." With im- grandson, Dr. Wilkins, is now in possession of the four pression in red sealing-wax. steel dies from which they were struck. In the token A fine " Antique seal found at Carisbrooke," and im. case the three following are to be found : — pression in black sealing-wax. "Antique ring, found at St. Thomas's Old Church, (2) Dr. Wilkins says theBe fragments are "Saxon,' .Newport." October, 1867. 42 A GENERAL HISTORY OF the breech, and worked on a swivel. It was washed up at the back of the Isle of Wight, and is believed to be a relic of the Armada. Sir William Jardine says of the Isle of Wight, that there "is no finer geological field in the world," l and this being the case, we are not surprised at finding a good collection of local fossils in Newport Museum. These are now as follow : — WaU " Case No. 1. Fossils from the DUuvium." " Case No. 2. FossUs from the Tertiary Strata." " Case No. 3. (oth shelf) SheUs from Headon." In bottom shelf — " Specimens of Bagshot Sands (Lower Marine), Alum Bay," &c. " Case No. 4. FossUs from the Chalk Strata," top shelf. On third shelf, " Chalk Marl " fossUs. On two bottom shelves are " Fossils from the Upper Green Sand." In the next wall case "Wealden Fossils" and " Fossils from the Lower Green Sands." The last wall case on this side of the room also contains fossUs, some of which are from " Brixton." At the further end of the room is a large wall case, containing a very fine col lection of " Bones of various Animals from the Wealden Strata." In this case is a cast of the jaw of a remarkable iguanodon, found by the Rev. W. Fox in the Wealden strata, near Brixton.2 Presented by Professor Owen, F.R.S., in 1863. On the top of the mineral case are two small ones containing Isle of Wight butterflies, and seven island bats. For numerous other objects of local and foreign interest we have no space to spare, and must conclude our notice of this museum by mentioning a large coloured drawing of " David Rex " playing on the harp. He is given full-face and at whole length, standing. " Presented by Mr. I. A. Barton, having been copied by himself from a mural painting discovered in the late church of St. Thomas, 1854." This hangs in the outer room along with others, and is very well done. They are as yet unpubUshed.3 The Corpora- The Corporation of Newport consists of a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors (out of whom the aldermen are chosen), appointed under the provisions of the 6th and 7th WUliam IV. There are also a town-clerk, treasurer, and clerk to the justices. The mayor is elected on Michaelmas Day, and used to be sworn in at Carisbrooke Castle before the steward of the governor of the island. The municipal constituency numbers about 550.4 (1) " Memoirs of Strickland, " p. xxiii. during its demolition, representing David playing on the (2) A valuable work has been published entitled " The harp, the entrance to the garden of Eden, a king with his Geology and Antiquities of the Isle of Wight." By Dr. eyes bandaged, bis crown falling off, and his spear broken, E. P. Wilkins, F.G.S. And " The Topography of the &c. Island." By Mr. J. Brion. Price 7s. 6d. E. Stanford, (4) Its Charters. — The first is a grant to the inhabi- 6, Charing Cross, London. 4to., pp. 98. 1 859. First tants of certain privileges of government and toll by Edition. Richard de Redvers, in the reign of Henry II. A second (3) Facsimiles of the mural paintings discovered by and fuller charter, very liberal in its provisions, wis Mr. E. P. Wilkins on the walls of St. Thomas's Church granted by Isabella de Fortibus to her "new borough of tiou THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 43 NEW CHURCH OF ST. THOMAS. The foundation stone of this fine church was laid by Prince Albert, in the pre sence of the Queen, the Bishop of Winchester, and the principal inhabitants of the island, on the 24th August, 1854.1 It consists of a nave, with clerestory, side aisles, north and south porches and chapels, chancel, sacristy, grand west entrance arch, and tower, in the architectural style known as Decorated Early English. The roof is open, of timber, with moulded ribs and sculptured corbels. The tower to the top of the turret is 132 feet high; the height of the roof to the nave, 65 feet ; of that of the chancel, 56 ; of the side aisles, 48 ; of the chapels, 38 feet. The east window, of five bays, is filled with stained glass. Another window to the south of the chancel is filled with painted glass, depicting an angel visiting a battle field strewn with slain, and commemorates the officers and men, formerly stationed at Parkhurst Barracks, who fell in the Crimean war. That above the Horsey monu ment is also coloured, and contains the effigies of our Blessed Lord, St. James, and St. John. It was executed at Bordeaux, and presented by W. B. Rutherford, Esq. The pulpit is from the old church, and very fine. It is all in oak varnished, and was the donation of one Stephen March.2 The sounding-board is ornamented, among other emblems, with reclining figures of Justice and Mercy, and has this inscription round it in gilt letters, " Cry Aloud And Spare Not : Lift tjp Thy Voice Like A Trumpet." The pulpit itself is divided into two rows of bas-relief carved images. On the uppermost row are described the four cardinal virtues and the three graces, Medina." Fifteen charters, confirming and amplifying his reign, and constituted a corporation of mayor, alder- the above, were granted by successive kings of England men, and burgesses ; the twelve aldermen elected from from Richard 11. to Charles II., and in them the town is the twenty-four burgeBses. A recorder was also ap- named " Medina." The original charters are in most pointed. Camden speaks of Newport as, in his time, cases still preserved at Newport. Their seals are in very "a toun well seated aud much frequented, populous with good preservation, and composed chiefly of green wax. inhabitants, having an entrance into the isle from the haven, Many of the documents themselves, however, are decayed, and a passage for vessels of small burden unto the key." apparently from damp. In almost every case the first (1) Owing to the decayed state of the old church, it few words are ornamented, or left in outline, in order to was resolved in 1853-4 to build on its site a new church, be illuminated if the parties should choose to incur the which should be worthy of the capital town of the expense. There are very excellent portraits of some of island, and a good specimen of modern ecclesiastical the kings, including Edward VI. and Charles II., on architecture. The last services conducted in the old these documents. Besides the charters, there is a mass of building were on July 16, 1854, and then it was pulled old documents, preserved with the public records, re- down. Funds for the new church were readily provided lating to the leases of the land of the town. These, as by the townsmen and the gentry of the island, largely well as the charters, are, with one or two exceptions, in assisted by the Queen and Prince Albert. Mr. Daukes Latin, and form almost a complete history of the town was the architect, and the builders were Messrs. Dash- from the reign of Henry III. to that of Elizabeth. wood, of Ryde. The carvings were intrusted to Mr. The first charter of incorporation was given by James I., Baker, of Kennington. and substituted for the bailiff of the town a mayor, The new building was opened for public service twenty-four burgesses, and a recorder. By this charter December, 21st, 1856, and consecrated by Dr. Sumner, the town is called Newport. A second charter of incor- Bishop of Winchester, January 20th, 1857. poration was granted by Charles II., in the 13th year of (2) Under the sounding-board is the date of 1- 36. 44 A GENERAL HISTORY OF with their types ; and on the lower rank the seven Uberal sciences — namely, " Grammar, Dialectics, Rhetoric, Music, Arithmetic, Geometry, Astrology." This was the work of " Thomas Caper, carver, who lies buried in Salisbury," and his symbol, the goat, is against the back of the pulpit. The reading-desk is also good, and made of oak. The enriched cornice above, as also the pilasters, are formed out of the old screen, which in the old church separated the body from the chancel. The new stone font is just inside tne south porch.1 At the east end of the south chapel is the well-executed monument of Sir Edward Horsey, Knt., who was buried here. A marble effigy of the knight, clad in armour, reposes beneath a canopy. A Latin epitaph ascribes to him virtues he did not possess, and concludes with the date of his death — " Qvi ob. 23 die Marcii, Anno Domini 1582." The Lady EUzabeth, second daughter and fifth child of King Charles I., died in the castle of Carisbrooke, September 8, 1650. Her body was first embalmed, and then carefully placed in a leaden coffin. It lay open to the sorrowing gaze of her attendants for some fourteen days, and on Wednesday the 24th of September, " was brought (in a borrowed coach) from the castle to the town of Newport, attended thither with her few late servants. At the end of the town the corpse was met and waited on by the mayor and aldermen thereof in their formalities to the church, where about the middle of the east part of the chancel, in St. Thomas's chapel, her highness was interred in a small vault purposely made, with an inscription of the date of her death engraved on her coffin."2 It was interred in a small arched vault in the middle of the east part of the chancel, and the letters E. S. were cut in the adjacent wall. But in the course of time the vault became forgotten, until, in October, 1793, some workmen, employed in making a new grave, discovered the coffin.3 Her coffin was roughly constructed of lead : it had a ridge running its entire length, from which the lid sloped in a curve to the edge. It measured 5 feet 3i inches in length, tapering very much towards the feet. The inscription, rudely cut in three stripes of lead, which were laid over, and but slightly fixed on the Ud, was as foUows : — ^ " Elizabeth 2nd Davghter Of Ye Late King Charles Deced Sept. 8th MDCL." (1) The old font is now at the Vicar's bouse, as he coffin, perfect and entire, with the following inscrip- keeps all the old relics. It is said to have been a neat, tion, — "EUzabeth, 2nd danghterof the late King Charles, light-grey marble font, bearing the following inecrip- deced. Septr. 8th, 1650." This vault was opened the tion, — 23rd of October, 1793, and continued so till the 25th "The givet of Anne Keith, Widow, 1637." for the inspection of the public. (2) Thomas Fuller. It will be interesting to know that a good view of thj (3) In digging for the grave of the Hon. Septimus coffin and vault is given in Pennant's " Tour to the Isle Harry West, sixth son of the Earl of Delaware, aged 28, of Wight," 4to., 1801. Two different sketches of it are there was discovered in an adjoining vault in front of the also given at page 79 of Brettell's " Guide to the Isle of communion table, immediately outside of the rails, a Wight," 1840. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 45 " In order that the spot might not be again overlooked, a plate with a simple inscription was placed on the stone covering of the vault, and advantage was taken of the opportunity to remove from the wall of the churchyard, where it had long administered a silent, but potent, rebuke of the then very prevalent practice of burying in the church, a tablet bearing the following singular inscription : — ' Here lyeth ye body of Master George Shergold, late minister of New Port, who, during sixteen years in the discharge of his office, strictly observed ye true discipline of ye Church of England, disliking that dead bodies should be interred in God's house, appointed to be interred in this place. He died, universally lamented and esteemed, January xxiii., 1707.' This old inscription being placed with the face to the stone, and economically supplying, by the reverse, the tablet for the more interesting record."1 In the new church this vault is underneath the steps leading to the communion rails. The exact spot is pointed out to visitors by the sexton's wife, and is, I should hope, seldom trodden on by heedless steps. In addition to our Queen's monument to the Lady Elizabeth, there should be a brass plate placed over the vault itself. At the east end of the north chapel is a very beautiful and touching monument, erected by Queen Victoria, and sacred to the memory of the daughter of our martyr king. Sunk 2 feet 6 inches in the wall is a space with its stone back carved to represent the perpendicular and horizontal bars of a prison grating. In front, iron bars depend about a foot from the Gothic arch, and ha\ e been broken off there, leaving the tomb and its effigy below open to view. This is in Carrara marble, and represents the Lady Elizabeth recumbent on a mattress. The dress is that of the Stuart period — low at the bosom, with a lace fringe and breast-knot ; short sleeves, also edged with lace ; and a deep stomacher, terminating in looped ribbon at the skirt, from the end of whose graceful folds the feet are just discernible. One arm and hand rest on the waist ; the other arm is extended by the left side, with the hand partly open. The neck is bare, and the left cheek reclines upon a Bible, which is open at the text, " Come unto Me aU ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest." Long ringlets stray in abandoned profusion on its sacred pages, the chin is slender, with thin parted lips, and the eyelids are closed.2 The tomb is plain, and raised three steps. Its panel bears the following very noteworthy and honourable inscription : — " TO THE MEMORY OF THE PRINCESS ELIZABETH, DAUGHTER OF KING CHARLES I. WHO DIED AT CARISBROOKE CASTLE ON SUNDAY, 8EPTEMBER 8TH, 1650, AND 18 INTERRED BENEATH THE CHANCEL OF THIS CHURCH. THIS MONUMENT IS ERECTED AS A TOKEN OF RESPECT FOR HER VIRTUES, AND OF SYMPATHY FOR HER M13FORTUNES, BY -VICTORIA R., 1856." (1) Journal British Archaological Association, Sep- that " she expired ilone, at Carisbrooke Castle, her fair tember, 1855. cheek resting on a Bible — the last gift of her murdered t'2) The effigy is a likeness, and was taken from a father, and which had been her only consolation in the portrait in her Majesty's possession. History records last sad months of her life." — Agnes Strickland. 46 A GENERAL HISTORY OF This monument was executed by the Italian sculptor, Baron Marochetti. and is justly considered one of his finest productions. There are three memorial windows of stained glass here in memory of the Lady Elizabeth. The first, at the side, was placed there by her Majesty, and has the royal arms at the top in the centre. It also bears two texts, which are as foUow: — " Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord," and, " Sorrow not, even as others which have no hope." The lower side- window was given by Prince Albert, and they are both beautiful. The fine window above the monument was given by the young ladies of the congregation, and is known as " The Maidens' Window." On the wall, between the two side-windows, is a medallion put up by the inhabitants of Newport in memory of " Albert." It is a profile looking to the east, and is formed of white marble. An inscription placed on the wall in the corner, close to the monument, records the fact of Prince Albert's having laid the foundation stone of the present church.1 There is a peal of eight bells in Newport Church, and the curfew is still rung daUy at seven in the morning and eight in the evening.2 The town of Newport had no distinct burial-ground until the visitation of the plague in 1582-4, when a piece of ground adjacent to Corsham Street, a short dis tance to the south of the church, was consecrated as a cemetery. This was from time to time enlarged, but interments have now ceased in it, and a new cemetery on the Ryde and East Cowes road was opened nearly ten years since. The old churchyard is full of graves and monuments. A tablet of stone let into the brick-waU informs us of its date : — " CHURCHYARD WALL B. MEW & E. WAY, CHURCHWARDENS, 1824." The entrance gateway is a specimen of Elizabethan architecture, and has the foUowing inscription on the outside : — " This Archway Eestored By Voluntary Contributions 1854." with three other lines, now illegible.3 (1) The Queen has been here ten or eleven times, Newport remained a chapelry of Carisbrooke until the and generally goes np the middle aisle, and round to the late vicar consented to its separation. The final separa- monument, and always has a look at the Horsey monu- tion from the mother church, and constitution into an ment besides. The last time her Majesty visited the independent benefice, took place November 20, 1858, church, the stained glass of the east window had recently with the consent of Queen's College, Oxford, with whom been inserted, and the Queen observed to Mr. Connor, the right of presentation is now vested. the vicar, how much pleased she was to see such a nice (3) The following communication relates to the window placed there. registers of Newport, and was received by me from the (2) The bell which strikes each hour, and that used at Rev. W. N. Nutter, curate of St. Thomas's Church: — a funeral, is solemn and good. The clock chimes are " Sept. 20th, 1867. I deferred writing until I had musical aud plaintive. had time carefully to consult the parish register. This I THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 47 There are one or two old houses in this pleasant little town. One close to the church, and next to Holyrood House, deserves notice. Over an entrance door we find:— "W . I . E . GODS PROVIDENCE IS MY INHERITANCE 1701." The Castle Inn, situated in the High Street, has the date of 1684, and the letters EEA over the door. West End Terrace and Portland Terrace are erected on the site of the old cricket-ground. This was surveyed in 1855, and buUt on a year or two after.1 In conclusion, I may mention that the manufacture of lace by Messrs. Nunn has been given up ; but some of the women who used to work for them now make and sell it on their own account. There is a good maker at Shorwell, and another at Carisbrooke. In aU, some half dozen still continue the 'employment. Leaving the town by its cheerful Mall, we soon obtain our first view of Caris brooke Castle, which is a strikingly beautiful one, and shows (in October) the ivied have done three times with the sexton, and although I am not in a position to send you all the information requested, I may perhaps be able to assist you a little. We did not succeed in finding either of the baptisms of Dr. Thomas James and Mr. R. James at the dates you mention, viz., 1570 aud 1592, but I send you the baptismal entries of those of the family whose names have been entered at dates nearly corresponding with those you referred to. " ' Thomas, ye sonne of Richard Jeames, bapt. ye 7th daye of September, 1593.' " ' Richard, ye sonne of Mark Jeames, baptized ye 22nd March, 1588.' "There is an entry in the year 1570 of — "'Thomas fieming and Maria Jeames marr. ye 13th of february.'" And of 'Thos. Jeames, bur. ye 17th June, 1589.' " Burials, ' September, 1650, Elizabeth, daughter of King Charles 24.' " "i,.^"ima8 James was born in Newport, about 1570, of a reputable family, which had been settled in the borough for many years. He was the fifth son of John James and Jane Annemon, of Newport. He was a learned author, and first librarian of the Bodleian Library. Died at Oxford in 1629. Mr. Richard James was the third son of Andrew James, third son of John James and Jane Annemon, of Newport, and Dorothy, daughter of Philip Poore, of Devington, in the county of Wilts. Hi3 father was an elder brother of the Dr. Thomas James already noted. He was born in Newport about 1592, and was a very learned man. He left a MS. entitled " Antiquitates Insula Veda," and hitherto unpublished. It is evidently the preliminary to a large and elaborate work, and is still preserved among his MSS. in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. He died at the house of Sir Thomas Cotton, Westminster, in 1638. (1) A short account of one who has added much to our knowledge of the past history of the island, should not be omitted, and is now given. The Rev. Edmund Kell, an eminent Hampshire antiquary, was the third son of the late Rev. Robert Kell, a Unitarian minister and schoolmaster. Mr. Kell was born at Wareham, in Dorsetshire, January 18, 1799 ; educated in his father's school; entered Glasgow University October, 1815, and in 1819 was taught elocution there by Sheridan Knowles. Graduated M.A., and left the college in 1821. After this he was two years at the Manchester College, York, and his tutors there were the Rev. C. Wellbeloved, the antiquary, and the Rev. John Kenrick, M.A., F.S.A. Came first to the Isle of Wight, in 1823, as minister at High Street Chapel, Newport, and continued such all the time of his residence in the island. Commenced a boarding and day school for young gentlemen in 1827, and continued it till about 1841. While at Newport his residence was first in Pyle Street, afterwards in Quay Street, and lastly "Coppins House," at the foot of High Street, and to this he removed in 1844. On the 24th October, 1844, Mr. Kell was married in his own chapel by the Rev. H. Hawkes, to Elizabeth, second daughter of John Dunkin, Esq., then of Newport, in the Isle of Wight. Mr. Kell has no family. In 1852 he joined the Newport Museum Society, and is still a member of it. Became a member for life of the Society of Antiquaries, London, about 1852. Removed to 5, Portswood Lawn, Southampton, July, 1853, where he still resides, and is " Minister of the Church of the Saviour." Became a member of the British Archaeologi cal Association in 1854, and in the pages of their journal will be found many valuable notices of the Isle of Wight antiquities from the pen of Mr. Kell. The Rev. H. Hawkes, F.L.S., is a good botanist, an! resides at Southsea, Hants. 48 A GENERAL HISTORY OF keep rising grandly from a mass of fine trees, ciothed in rich autumn colours. A little further on we come to Carisbrooke Cemetery, placed on a slope of Mountjoy Hill. Within this is a chapel, and both are kept in the best order. On the upper side of the cemetery is a footpath, which leads to the top of Mountjoy HUl. The view of Newport from the summit of this hUl is very good. The town has much increased, and there is now a dense mass of dark-red brick houses, with purple- slate roofs, surrounding the new church, which stands well up from among them. At the present time there is only one field's length between the Newport houses and those of Carisbrooke. From this spot the grey old tower of Carisbrooke Church is a fine object, and very pleasant to the eye. Parkhurst Forest, a beautiful stretch of wooded slope, lies before you, and beyond Newport is the river Medina, on its way to Cowes ; it is quietly pretty. WhUe standing here a bugle sounds, and we know the stirring music proceeds from Parkhurst Barracks, now visible to our view. The slope of the hill on the Newport side is formed of short, nice turf, and is a spot which should not be carelessly passed over by those who visit the island.1 CARISBROOKE CASTLE. This glorious old pile remains an eloquent witness to the truth of history, and is the pride and boast of the island. In every point of view, whether picturesque or historical, the castle of Caris brooke must be an object of interest. From the town of Newport the distance to the village, situated at the foot of the hill on which the castle stands, is about half a mUe ; and towering above extensive walls and outworks, its ancient keep appears to much advantage from this approach. A steep road leads from the village to the outward gateway. This was erected in the reign of Elizabeth, and has the letters E. R, with the date of 1598, sculptured on a stone shield over the arch. But the eye will scarcely rest upon this entrance, for immediately behind it two massive round-towers appear, " grey, frowning, and majestic," with three embattled tops, sufficiently shattered to please the artist, and still not so much in ruin as to lose their original air of stern command. The Woodville escutcheon is discernible over the gate, flanked on each side by the " white rose " of the House of York ; and it is presumed these towers were erected by Sir A. Woodville, temp. Edward IV. Between them the old wooden gate still remains, and opens into the castle-yard.2 Whilst waiting in the porch for admission, it is impossible to view the perishing timber of this gate, and the rusty ironwork and large naUs with which it is studded, without feeling a crowd of associations. (1) On a fine day in October ihe view of Carisbrooke (2) A picture of the " Gateways and Keep " is given Castle from the field on the upper side of Carisbrooke in an early part of this work. The walk to Carisbrooke Cemetery is most glorious. Castle is a great favourite with the soldiers at Parkhurst. :i N '^5 && -=' THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 49 This identical gate once opened to receive the King of England, and then closed upon him as a prisoner. The summons of the gate-bell at Carisbrooke is answered by a person deputed to keep the place in good order, and to exhibit the wonders of the castle.1 Having entered the first court of the castle, you see on your left the ruins of the apartments which formed the prison of King Charles during many months. They have been long roofless, and the floor is formed of green turf. This part was a building composed of a series of gable frontages of Elizabeth's era, and the apartments occupied by the king were on the upper floor, and consisted of a presence and bed chamber, having communication by a passage that directly connected them. To the principal door of the presence-chamber there was appended a staircase, which descended to the court-yard through the dwelling of the chief officer. The window of the royal presence-chamber remains in good preservation, but is boarded up. It is still guarded by the old iron bars, and the timber ceiling of its recess is crowded with nails. This is pointed out by the guide as the window from which King Charles made his second attempt to escape, but this is an error. The real window belonged to the king's bedroom, and can be best seen from the outside.2 Passing through the postern-gate at the end of these rooms, and looking to your left, you see the line of wall containing both windows, and situated on the top of a strong and high bank. The bedroom window will be found between two buttresses, and is 23 feet distant from the large one, and 19 feet 9 inches from the little one. In shape it is nearly square, and has been firmly blocked up with pieces of stone (1) A board with the following notice is fastened up The state in which both the castle and grounds are outside this gate : — kept reflects credit on the keeper. " Carisbrooke Castle.— The Castle grounds will be &> " The first attempt was made from the residence open for the inspection of visitors on every day (excepting appropriated to the governor, and the succeeding effort Sundays) from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. between Michaelmas and was des'gned through the window of his majesty's bed- Lady Day, and from 6 a.m. to 9 P.M. between Lady Day room> an aPerture blocked up in after alterations, but and Michaelmas. The keeper will take care that all the nevertheless easily recognisable on the exterior of the buildings, grounds, and walks are kept in perfect order, wal1' as ;t nearly adioins the only buttress on this side of aud he will receive a gratuity of id. per head, to re- the "astle- ¥lom the peculiarity of the position of the muuerate him for his trouble. fortress, a considerable fall in the level of the ancient " He is also especially directed to prevent any nuisance earthwork, nearly eight feet, is found in the space or damage being committed within the Castle. No between these windows. The floor of the presence- bazaar, exhibition, or entertainment will be permitted Camber rested on the ballium itself, whilst that of the within the precincts of the CaBtle without the express reti"Dg chamber was considerably above it, a disposition permission, and subject to the regulation of the Governor which obli£ed Hammond materially to vary the additional or his steward. precautions he deemed necessary to take for preventing all " No dogs will be admitted, or fires allowed within the fear3 of the kinS's safe incarceration in his new abode. grounds. ^ne window of the presence-chamber, which had hereto- By order, fore contained but one iron bar between the stone " Chables Wyatt Estcourt mullions, a space of sixteen inches, received a second ; " Steward of the Isle of Wight. and hene&th that °f the bedroom a Platform was thrown up, where a sentinel was stationed, and ordnance placed." "Newport, Isle of Wight, —Charles the First in the Isle of Wight. By George " March 2nd, 1859." HUlier, 1852. Pp. 117—121. H 50 A GENERAL HISTORY OF secured by mortar. The stone sUl measures 4 feet 6 inches in length, and is 5 feet 9 inches above the bank. To the right of the entrance lie the roofless remains of the chapel of St. Nicholas. Above the doorway is the following, cut in stone :- " O B, II 1738;' And a stone tablet at the east end illustrates its meaning, by informing you that the chapel was rebuilt during the sway of Lord Lymington. Opposite the present door way is another, stopped up, and this led into the cemetery, which was at the back of the chapel, but its site is now occupied by a kitchen-garden. There are three windows up the front, and three others up the back, of the chapel — at the end is one large square-shaped window ; but they are all empty and open now. This ruin, being well grown over with ivy, is by no means ugly, though plain. The governor's house is a fine old buUding, with ivy beginning to creep up its walls. The keeper lives in a portion of this mansion, but the other end of it is uninhabited and desolate. We will commence our account of it with this latter, as it faces the entrance. You enter a side door underneath the little room in which the Lady Elizabeth died, and turning to the right, find yourself in the large hall. Bazaars are often held here ; and at the date of my visit in October, 1867, one was being held in order to raise funds for repairing the pinnacle of St. Thomas's Church, at Newport, which had been injured by a storm some time before. From a door near the end of this hall you gain the landing of the grand staircase. Lord Cutts, when he repaired the governor's residence, put up this staircase, which occupies what was once the smaller of the two chapels within the castle. This was erected by Isabella de Fortibus, and again brought to light by Mr. Hardwicke, the architect, whUe conducting some very necessary repairs a few years ago. The side window remains, and the arcade on both sides, but of the east window there is no trace excepting the position of its sill. At the top of the staircase are two good-sized rooms, both of which are above the hall. From the second of these you enter, by three wooden steps, a small top room, where a board, naUed up to the right of the window, briefly records that — "In this room Princess Elizabeth died." The single window here faces the entrance towers, but is closed with shutters. The boards of the floor are nearly aU gone ; the ceUing and inside roof are still perfect, but the tiles outside have begun to fall. The fire-place is still there, opposite the window, but the grate is gone. Here, then, in this very room, the noble-minded and beau tiful Lady EUzabeth, daughter of a good king and lovely queen of England, sat a lonely prisoner. How sadly she must have brooded over the fate of her father, when the window of her room opened to sight the very place of his former captivity, and turning away from this view — the last she saw on earth — sought for and found THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 51 comfort in the last gift of her murdered father, and resting her cheek on its sacred pages, gently breathed her last in solitude ! She was born at St. James's Palace on the 20th of January, 1635, and died in captivity at Carisbrooke Castle, on September 8th, 1650. There are six old-fashioned looking windows in the front of the inhabited portion, and it is a building of the Elizabethan epoch, with tall chimneys and picturesque gables that resemble the domestic architecture of the Netherlands.1 This residence was repaired by Lord Cutts, and afterwards by Lord Bolton, during their respective governorships of the island. Their successors being non-residents, took little heed of the condition of either house or castle, and both were fast mouldering to decay until arrested for a time by the judicious repairs conducted by Mr. Hardwicke several years since.2 The well-house is of the fifteenth century, and has been carefully repaired by Mr. Hardwicke. The water is drawn up by means of a large wooden tread-wheel, turned by a donkey. There are now two which perform this duty, one of which, a male, is white from age, having been employed at the castle since 1851. The other is a young and dark brown donkey, now being taught how to perform its work. The weU-man told me that it was 20 feet to the end of the masonry. The well itself is 144 foet, with 37 feet depth of water. It is the custom to let down a candle on the surface of the water, and let it float there. Afterwards a glass of the water is thrown (1) The king was first confined in the loftiest portion of the group of buildings opposite the great gate, and his apartments were then on the first floor of the gabled building, restored by Mr. Hardwicke, and now the keeper's house. It was in May, 1648, that Hammond had the king removed to the line of apartments on the left of the entrance. (2) Proposed Island Museum at Carisbrooke Castle. This admirable plan was originated by Dr. Wilkins, of Newport, more than fifteen years ago, and soon after revived by the late Sir Charles 1'ellows, who brought it to the notice of Prince Albert, and it received his warm support. The Prince, with his usual judgment, not only approved the plan of a museum there, but himself started the idea of adding to and improving this by pro posing the formation of a botanic garden in connection with it. Since his death the principal inhabitants of the island bave expressed a decided desire of carrying it into effect out of respect to his memory, and that under the name of "The Albert Museum" it should form a lasting monument of his wisdom. On Saturday, the 15th of September, 1866, a meeting was held at Newport, for the purpose of forming an Isle of Wight Association, and founding a museum at Carisbrooke Castle. Sir John Simeon, Bart., took the chair, and was supported by the Rev. C. Pritchard, M.A., President of the Astronomical Society j Thomas Webster, Esq., Q.C., of London ; Dr. Lankester, of London ; the Rev. W. James, Vicar of Caris brooke; Dr. Wilkins, of Newport; the Rev. E. Kell, and other gentlemen. Resolutions were passed proposing to obtain the patronage of Her Majesty, and also her sanction for calling the collections to be placed in Caris brooke the Albert Museum. It is proposed to confine the museum entirely to objects connected with the natural history and antiquities of the Isle of Wight. A deputation, consisting of Sir John Simeon, M.P., Viscount Gort, Mr. Wykeham Martin, M.P., Sir Henry Percy Gordon, Bart., Sir Charles Locock, Bart, M.D., P.R.S., Mr. E. James, Rev. E. Kell, Mr. Sewell, Admiral Crozier, and Mr. T. Webster, had an interview with Lord John Manners at the office of her Majesty's Works, Whitehall Place, on Friday, April 12, 1867. Their object was to obtain the assistance of the Govern ment for the proposed museum at Carisbrooke Castle. The Queen has expressed the hope that it will be carried into effect, and has afforded the undertaking her willing patronage. The Governor, Lord Eversley, has declared in its favour, and the present government will lend their aid towards its accomplishment. It is pleasant to be able to report that the undertaking will shortly be carried out. The large and valuable collection in the Newport Museum is to be transferred to the castle, and will be placed in the hall of the Governor's house. By this means a worthy commencement will be made of the Isle of Wight memorial to the Prince Consort. 52 A GENERAL HISTORY OF down, which you have almost given up as lost before you hear it splash into the water of the well. The water from this celebrated well is of excellent quality. A modern-looking house close to the well-house used to be the barrack, and is now used as a mUitia store. There are two gardens of some extent within the castle grounds. The massive Norman keep, an object of great interest, lies to the north-east, and stands upon an artificial mound overlooking the rest of the castle. It is reached by a flight of seventy stone steps, leading to a stout gateway grooved for a portcullis. In the interior there is a smaller flight of twelve steps, leading to the irregular polygon, 60 feet broad, formed by the massive waUs of the old tower. The donjon well is described as 300 feet deep, an estimate which would carry it con siderably below tide-mark in the neighbouring straits. Its real depth would now be difficult to ascertain, as the shaft has long been choked up. The view from the keep is a striking one, and the more so when seen in a storm of driving rain and wind on an October day.1 Passing through a small door at this end of the castle, you find yourself close to the tilt-yard or bowling-green, so much frequented by King Charles during his confinement here.2 It was converted out of the ancient place of arms by Colonel Hammond, and is as perfect at the present moment as if it had been laid down but yesterday. The banqueting-house has disappeared, and the place is quite bare and solitary now. In the Kingdom's Weekly Intelligencer for Tuesday, Iany. iv., 1648, we find the following : — " Letters were received from Col. Hammond further certifying the great Mutiny wh. had happened at Newport, & the design to seize upon Carisbrook Castle, & to take away his Majesty ; in which mutiny Captn. Burley was the (1) "This prospect forms a. complete and noble blessing, and said, 'Well, my little friend, I am just panorama, containing picturesque villages and lovely going away from here, and I do not expect I shall ever vales environed with hills, aud, as Mrs. Barbauld ex- retnrn,' and the King put up his hand and unfastened a presses it, ' with sweet peeps of the sea.' " — Rev. E. Kell. gold ring, adorned with a large ruby, which held his neck- (2) The Wallace Ring. — I am indebted to the Rev. handkerchief in front, and added, ' and I should like to Allan Wallace, of the grammar school, lor the following give you something in order that you may always re- interesting anecdote : — member me,' and he then gave him this ornament. " I am descended, through my mother, from Howe, Upon old Howe's death his son kept it till his own death, the Master Gunner of Carisbrooke Castle, who was a and left it to his wife, and she was my mother's direct secret royalist. When Charles I. had been ordered to ancestress. It was ordered by will that this relic should Newport, to attend the Treaty, he knew they would ' descend from age to age into the hands of the eldest never let him return to the castle, and wished to reward female of the family,' from mother to daughter, and so Howe. The king was walking one day, just before the on. My eldest' sister, Miss Wallace, now holds it. The Treaty, in the Bowling Green, and found the gunner's ruby is of large size, and the ring of solid gold, and ?n little boy, then eight or nine years old, marching up and itself of very considerable value, but this is nothing to down with a wooden sword, as boys will. The king said the historic value it possesses." In the Gentleman's to him, ' What are you going to do with that terrible Magazine for January, 1848, is some account and a weapon?' The boy answered that 'Please his Majesty, sketch of the head of King Charles I.'scane, given to this he was going to defend him with it from all his enemies.' little boy about the same time, and now in the possession The king patted him on the head, and gave him his of the Cooke family. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 53 Chief Actor. A drum was beaten in Newport, & the word was ' For God & K. Charles.' A strong guard is now set on the C. of Carisbrook. Dr. Hammond, Sir John Berkeley, and Mr. Ashbumham are dismissed, & his M. is attended only by those put in by the P- " A letter of thanks was ordered to be sent to the Mayor of Newport for his care in the late mutiny, & £200 to Col. Hammond to supply the necessities of the soldiers." — E. 421, British Museum, King's Pamphlets. Newspaper of Iany. 12, 1648 : — " His Majy is sad, and spends much time in writing and at his books : and for refreshment takes ayre about the Castle (Col. Hammond waiting upon him), but passeth not the works. And because he may not have Episcopal men to preach to him, hears none at all." — E. 423, B. M. " The Bowling Alley made for his Majesty's use is finished. It is a very compleat one, & pleaseth the K. exceeding well. The bowls being brought thither his Majy was very merry at play with Col. Hammond, our Governor, and is very free in his expression to the Governor and other officers." — E. 435. " His Majesty most commonly walks about the Castle, & discourses with his attendants till dinner-time, and after dinner, if the weather is fayre, his continued sport is Bowls. " This day being 18 of April, 1648, many came to his M. to be touched for the King's Evil, as they call it, and as he came down from dinner, they were admitted into his presence, when he touched them, and prayed with them, & so dismissed them ; after that he went to Bowls." — E. 437. " His Maj. takes much delight in the company of Sir Oliver Cromwell, & makes choice of him to be his second for the playing the game (I mean of bowls) agst Col. Hammond or any other po — May 8, 1648." — E. 441. " He discourseth very little, unless it be now & then with Sir Oliver Cromwell." — E. 441, No. 16. E. 446 contains an account of the king's attempt to escape, No. 24. " There is a very fine banqueting-house making at the bowling alley, and the guUder and painters are at work. His M. often views the workmen, asketh some questions, but seldom finds fault with anything." — E. 453, No. 42. "The King's Majesty was set at liberty on Wednesday, Sept. 6, 1648, at Sir William Hodge's1 house at Newport, in the Iyle of Wht, where his Mjs. consenting to be during the Treaty whither the Comss. from the P! are to make their addresses to him."— E. 463, No. 16. In The Modern Intelligencer for Tuesday, Sept. 10, to Wednesday, Sept. 18, 1650, is contained this account : — "Thursday, Sept. 12. — This day came certain News from the Isle of Wight of the death of Lady Elizabeth Steuart, daughter of the late King, who being at bowles, a sport she delighted much in, there fell a sudden shower, which caused her (1) The name is spelt in same paper as Hogesse. 54 A GENERAL HISTORY OF to take cold, being of a sickly constitution she fell into a feverish distemper, which notwithstanding the care and industry of that faithful gentleman, Mr. Antony MUdmay, & all the art of physicians, being naturaUy of a weak body, & her fever growing sharp upon her, she departed this life on Sunday, the 8th of September." — E. 612, King's Pamphlets, B. M. The ramparts adjoining Mountjoy Tower are 20 feet high and 8 thick. They include a parapet of soUd construction, which is carried round the castle, and now forms a pleasant though narrow walk. The ivy here is strong and flourishing. In October it is covered with very fine bloom, and adds greatly to the beauty of the castle walls.1 When England was threatened with invasion by the Spanish Armada, the fortifications were thoroughly remodeUed on the plan of Antwerp by GenebeUa, the Italian engineer. The ramparts he caused to be erected are still in some degree of preservation, and include twenty acres of ground, their circuit being nearly a mile. The works occupied 245 days, or from the 25th of March to the 24th of November in 1587.2 Carisbrooke Priory. There anciently stood here, on the summit of the hUl, and facing the castle, a priory, founded by WUliam Fitz-Osbome about 1070. An interesting fragment of a side waU remained until about twenty years ago, when, to the great regret of the lovers of the picturesque, it was demolished by a new tenant for the sake of the stones of which it was composed.3 (1) The Rev. E. Kell informed me that the late Rev. William Smith, formerly Professor of the Queen's College, at Cork, discovered in the interior of the castle, at the west side of the entrance gate, the G/ococapsa biluminosa, the only spot where it is to be found in Great Britain. (2) Carisbrooke Castle was at one time nnder the command of Jerome, second Earl of Portland, who held the government of the island much to the satisfaction of its principal inhabitants, nntil he was committed to prison in London by the Parliament, who objected to his loyalty. In the absence of this " noble, much-honoured, and beloved captayne," as he was justly called by the island gentlemen, the King intrusted the command of the castle to Colonel Brett. At this time the garrison con sisted of only twenty men, but these were joined by the Countess of Portland, who, with her five children and husband's brother and Bister, now took refuge there in the hope of preserving the fortress for King Charles. At the instigation of the Mayor of Newport, one Moses Read, who considered the island in jeopardy so long as Colonel Brett and the Countess of Portland had command of the castle, parliament directed the captains of all ships in the river to co-operate with the mayor in active measures for securing the island. Hereupon the Newport militia, with 400 naval auxiliaries supplied by the men-of-war in the Solent, were drawn np under the walls of the castle. The rebels had the mayor at their bead, and were inspired by Harby, the Puritan minister of Newport. The castle then had not more than three days' provision left for its slender garrison, and their alternative was surrender or famine. The planting of hostile ordnance had already commenced, and there was no time for hesitation, no time for parley. With the inborn courage of a noble Englishwoman, the Countess of Portland stepped on to the platform, with a lighted match in her hand, and exclaimed to the rebels below, " Hear mc ; unless honourable terms are granted to the garrison, in whose name I speak, with this hand I will fire the first cannon, and defend these walls to the last extremity." As with raised hand she stood by the euu every eye was turned upward, and in a moment, as if by the command of heaven, the besiegers paused in their operations, and on terms dictated by the Countess herself the fortress was surrendered to Parliament. Colonel Brett, with his brave soldiers, and their attendants, were permitted to go where they would, except to Portsmouth, then held for the King by General Goring. The Cointess was allowed to remain in the castle nntil the pleasure of Parliament on that subject was signified. Shortly afterwards an order arrived from the Parlia ment, directing her removal from the island within two days after receiving the notice. This noble and loyal lady had, therefore, to withdraw, and was indebted to the humanity of some seamen for the vessel which conveyed her and her family from the Isle of Wight. (3) The site is now occupied by a farm. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 55 Carisbrooke Church is dedicated to St. Mary, and is one of the oldest churches in Carisbroi the island. It consists of a nave, south aisle, and porch, and has a very fine old tower at its west end. The Norman chapel and chancel were pulled down by the unscrupulous Sir Francis Walsingham, when lord of the manor, temp. Eliza beth. The inside is whitewashed and old-fashioned, with high-backed pews. The nave and south aisle are separated by five Norman arches, stUl covered with whitewash. The pillars are covered with a brown wash, often renewed. Near the east end of the south aisle is a piscina. The monuments in this church are numerous and curious. They include the following : — Let into the floor of the church is an incised slab of a prior, full-face, and in his habit. He holds a crosier in his right hand. This very interesting slab has been long despoUed of its brass, though otherwise still in a fine state of preservation. Unfortunately, its lower half is covered by the wooden platform, on which the communion-table is placed. In the north wall is a good monument to Lady Dorothy Wadham, sister of Henry VIII. 's Jane Seymour, and widow of Sir Nicholas Wadham, governor of the island. It has been defaced, but exhibits her kneeling effigy beneath a sculptured gothic canopy. Six small figures under niches are said by local tradition to repre sent " cripples," and to commemorate her beneficence towards the poor and lame. Three of these stand on either side of her effigy, and the one at each end has a crutch under his right arm. Two of these figures represent women, and the other four men. There is a shield of arms above the middle figure. Over the canopy is a cherub hold ing a book open, with three letters raised — ekr. In 1719 this monument was covered with whitewash, but it has since been cleared off.2 On the wall close to the last pillar, at the east end of the south aisle, is a very (1 ) She founded an hospital for poor and impotent " Fortie and two yeares in this vessell fraile people. On the Rough seas of life did Keling saile, (2) Against the third pillar in the middle aisle is a A Merchant Fortunate, A Captaine bould, memorial board, on the top of which is painted a ship in A Courtier gratious, yet (Alas) not Old. full sail. On the anchor we find spes ; the card is a Such Wealth, experience, honour, and high praise, book open with this inscription, verbvm dei ; Death is Few Winne in Twice soe manie yeares or daies. represented sitting on the bowsprit blowing a trumpet, But what the World Admired he deemd but drosse and above him a banner flying with post mortem on it ; For Christ, without Christ all his gains but losse, in the maintop xps ; on the foremast pides ; on the For him, and his deare lone, With merrie Cheere mizenmast pama seqvatvr. On the front side of the To the holy Land, his last course he did Steere, ship is marked cako. The epitaph is given below the Faith serud for Sailes, the Sacred Word for card, ship, and is as follows : — Hope was his Anchor, Glorie his Reward, HERE LIETH THE BODY OP THE RIGHT WORTHY f "d thf With f aleS„°f ?rfCf ^ haPPie Jmt^- . WILLIAM REELING, ESQVIKE, GROOME OPTHE CHAMBER TO OVRSOVERAIGNEK1NGEIAMESGENERALLPORTHEHON.EAST INDIAN adventvrors whether he was thrice by He is buried under a large stone slab in the middle them imployd, and dyinge in this isle at the age aisle. A plate of brass, in the shape of a shield, is op 42, an0. 1619. sept. 19. hath this remembrance let into the slab, and bears his arms. His wife is buried HEER FIXED BY HIS LOVEING & SORROWPVLL With him. WIPE ANNE KEELING. Through straights of death heauens harbor he did ENER." 56 A GENERAL HISTORY OF interesting brass tablet. It bears a coloured shield of arms, and the following inscription : — " IN MEMORY OP COLONEL SIR FAITHFUL FORTESCUE, KNIGHT, SON OF JOHN FORTESCUE, ESQ?*, OP BUCKLAND FILLEIGH IN DEVON, BY SUSANNAH, DAUGHTER OF SIR JOHN CHICHESTER OF RALEIGH. HE WAS A DISTINGUISHED ROYALIST OFFICER, AND FOUGHT IN SEVERAL BATTLES OF THE GREAT CIVIL WAR. AT THE RESTORATION HE BECAME A G2NTLEMAN OF THE PRIVY CHAMBER TO KING CHARLES THE SECOND. HAVING LEFT LONDON TO AVOID THE CONTAGION OF THE PLAGUE, HE RETIRED TO THIS ISLAND, AND SOON AFTERWARDS, BEING THEN OF A GREAT AGE, DIED AT THE MANOR OF BOWCOMBEj IN THIS PARISH, AND WAS BURIED WITHIN THESE PRECINCTS ON THE KXTK. DAY OF MAY, A.D. MDCLXVI. " THIS TABLET IS PLACED HERE BY HIS ELDEST MALE REPRESENTATIVE, THOMAS (pORTESCUE) LORD CLERMONT, A.D. 1866." His burial entry is to be seen in the parish register of Carisbrooke. On the north wall, and next to the Wadham monument, is a mural tablet, the chief part whereof is grey, but where the inscription is it is black marble, on which is engraved this epitaph : — " HERE UNDER LYETH THE BODY OF ST WILLIAM STEPHENS Knt, SOME TEARS LIEU* GOVERN OF THIS ISLAND, WHO DYED Ste 26 1697, IN THE 57^ YEAR OP HIS AGE ON ONE SLUE OF HIM LIE THE REMAINS OP DAME ELIZABETH, HIS WIFE, WHO DYED IAN : 12 9f, ON THE OTHER HIS BROTHER HENNY WHO DYED TUN : 28, 1689. ALSO NEAR THEM LIE THE ASHES OP HILARY, MARY, NN, AND RACHEL, THEIR CHILDREN, WHO DYED IN THEIR INFANCY." The registers are kept in the church, locked up in an old oak chest. There is a very sweet-toned peal of eight bells in the tower of this church.1 NEWPORT TO GATCOMBE, THREE MILES. Leaving Newport by New Village the road passes between the castle of Caris brooke on the right, and the cemetery on the slope of Mountjoy hill on the left, and (1) In the churchyard, at the east end of the church On the other side we find : — ¦ aud under the yew tree, is a tombstone, which forms an exception to the general rule of ugliness observable in our churchyards. It bears the following : — IN MEMORY OP JOHN, THE SON OP JAMES AND ELIZABETH DENNETT, BORN SEPT? 25™ 1789, DIED JULY 10IH 1852. ALSO IN MEMORY OF JAMES DENNET, BORN JANT 13*? 1758, DIED JUNE 27T.= 1836. 1EAH BENNETT HIS WIDOW, ALSO BORN OCT? 4T? 1786, DIED DEC? 7T.« 1860. ELIZABETH DENNETT, HIS WIPE, AND DIED PEBT 22«.» 1807, AGED 57 YEARS. j^^e ELIZABETH, THEIR DAUGHTER, AND BORN SEPT? 10T? 1812, DIED JANT 9TF 1831 SOPHIA, THEIR DAUGHTER, ' 01, born may 7T? 1791, died dec? 17T? 1794. Wood, Newport. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 57 then leads you past the Nunnery, built and endowed by the Countess of Clare. The foundation-stone was laid in 1865 by the Countess de Spaur. On Tuesday, December 11, 1866, the community of cloistered nuns of the Domi nican order, eighteen in number, of Whalley, in Lancashire, arrived by way of Cowes, and took possession of Carisbrooke Convent. Under date of August 17, 1867, we are told, " The nuns have purchased the adjoining lands of Whitcombe Farm." It is a large and fine building, and only wants age and trees to make it an object of picturesque beauty. The distance from either the cemetery or castle is only the length of two fields, and as one wanders over the ruins of the latter we often hear its chapel bell. The house is apparently built of light-brown stone, and has a slate roof. There are many small windows, and the total number on the side next Mountjoy Hill is forty-five. In front there is an arched gateway and a lawn. At the back is a large walled-in garden. In excavating the ground in order to lay the foundation of this convent, a very fine iron spear-head of the fourteenth century was discovered, and is now in the possession of Dr. Wilkins at Newport. Turning to your right, and descending a " shute," as it is locally called, you reach the hamlet of Whit combe, and not long after Gatcombe itself. The church is well placed on a high piece of ground, and its fine embattled tower rises from among a group of trees. The date of my visit was the 23rd of October, 1867, and the church was then being restored. Confusion consequently reigned both within and without, but I was able to make a few notes. There is an old stone font inside the entrance on the left, with arches sculptured on the outside. The communion table is of oak, and old. On the front of its drawer are four Words — PEASE YE THE LORD. A cross-legged wooden effigy of a knight in complete armour will be found under a semicircular arch on the north side of the church, and within the communion rails. The monument bears no inscription, but from the style of the hauberk of mail and surcoat, which is of the time of Edward I., it probably represents one of the family of Estur, to whom the manor belonged from the time of the Doomsday survey till the reign of Edward II. The wooden slab below this figure is 6 feet 6J inches in length. At the head it is 1 foot 5 inches wide, and at the feet 1 foot 4 inches. The figure itself is 5 feet 11 inches long, and the right hand grasps a sword. Down the floor of the middle aisle are several stone slabs, which bear inscriptions in memory of members of the Urry family.1 Of all who bore the distinguished name of Worsley no one deserves more to be (1) The one next the chancel has a plate of brass with Lower down another has a plate of brass with, — the following inscription : — ° HERE LYETH INTERRED THE HERE LIBTH THE BODIE OP KATHE= B0DT Qp ^ VKKy TM RINE VRKY WIPE OP CAPTAINS THO = MAS VERY, DAVGHTER OP RICHARD 0F TH0 = TRKT GENT = WH0 DE~ OVIAT SHEE DECEASED THE 8T.H OP PARTED THIS L1PE ? 8IH OP IVLY MARCH ANNO DNI : 1644. 1650 AGED 82 YEAKE& [There 58 A GENERAL HISTORY OF respected and remembered than the gallant Sir Edward Worsley, who attempted to release King Charles I. from his imprisonment by rebels at the Castle of Caris brooke. We find on the chancel floor of this church a stone slab with an inscription to the memory of this noble cavalier : — "DEPOSITVM EDWARDI WORSELEY MILITIi QUI OBIIT DECIMO SEXTO DIE MAH AN DOM 1702 M TATI8 SU.ffi OCTO GESLMO SECUNDO HIC REQUIESCIT IN SPE BEATJE RESURRECTIONIS." The vault of this branch of the famUy is underneath.1 Registers. The registers are kept at the Rectory, and supply us with the following informa- tion : — There is a plate of brass in the shape of a shield, bearing arms, just above the inscription on this slab. Lower down another slab has a plate of brass, with the folio ing inscription : — HERE LYETH INTERRED THE BODY OP PENELOPE VERRY y WIFE OP THOMAS VERRY WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE \ EIGHTH DAY OP MAY 1665 IN \ 21 YEARE OP HER AGE. (1) Lower down the chancel, on the north side, is another stone slab with the inscription, — S" Edward Worsley, K4- DECEASED AUGUST THE ]4Ta 1762 AGED 46 YEARS ALSO Dame Elizabeth his Wife Deceased May 25th 1774. Next to this we find a stone slab, — Sacred to the Memory of the Rev? Henry Worsley, D.D. 43 Years Rector of this Parish who died April 11* 1844 , Aged 88 Years. Youngest Son of Sir Edward Worsley, K'- ALSO In memory op Mary Wife of the Revd- Henry Worsley, D.D. Rector of this Parish, Daughter of the late Thos Dickenson Esq. of Newport and Niece of the late Lord Holmes, of Westover ; Born Aug* 15* 1761. Died June 18* 1843. On the south side of the first Sir E. Worsley's monumental stone is a slab in memory of — Hugh Worsley youngest Son of Rev1^ Henry Worsley D.D. Rector of this parish Died Deer 19th 1822 Aged 22 Years. Edward his Sixth Son — in the 89* Reg. Died Jan? 19* 1823 Aged 27 Years. On the north side of Sir E. Worsley's slab is one with the following epitaph, — Frances Mary third daughter of the Rev" Henry Worsley, D.D. Rector of this Parish and Granddaughter of the late Sir Edward Worsley, of Gatcombe House by Dame Elizabeth Daughter of the late Sir John Miller Bar' tied October 27* 1827 Aged 24 Years. Eliza Second Daughter died October 4* 1830 Aged 32 Years. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 59 Aprell the 17th.i " The xvii day was Baptised Edward worsely gentelman ye sonne of John Worsely2 gentelman and Sissell his wife witnesses Edward Deness Edward Richard gentellman and Sur John Richards Ladye." 1621. In " A Register of all the Persons that have been Buried in the Parish of Gat combe, since, and according to the late Act of Parliament, entitled an Act for Bury ing in Woollen," we find the entry — " 1702 May 19th Sir Edward Worsley Knight." Richard Searle, the intruding minister, was sworn for Gatcombe before a neigh bouring magistrate, December 20, 1653. The Rev. T. Pittis performed a marriage here as Rector, on the 29th of March, 1660. " 1661. The fowerth day of Feb : were marryed in the parish Church of Gatcombe, ©ne Thomas Pittis Rector of y6 sayed psh., sonne of Capt. Thomas Pittis of Nighton and Mrs. Elizabeth Stephens, daughter of William Stephens, Esq., of Newport, by Mr. Thomas Collinson, Rector of Nighton. Cumlicentia." " June the second, 1661. Collected in the Parish Church of Gatcombe for the inhabitants of the City of Oxford towards the repairations of their losses which they sustained by fire when it was a garrison for the King the summ of five shillings and one penny. — Tho : Pittis Recto." The rectory is annexed to the principalship of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford.3 NEWPORT TO ARRETON, BY PAN AND ST. GEORGE'S DOWN. This is the old road to Arreton, and now a mere bridle-path, but it is much to be preferred by those on foot or horseback to the more level road in the valley below. (1) Added in the handwriting of the person who wrote the next entry. (2) The same person has here put in the word " esquyer," and has crossed through the word " gentel man." (3) The manor of Gatcombe came to the Worsleys by purchase in the time of John, the son of Sir James, the favourite of Henry VIII., whose son bequeathed it to his second son, John, in whose descendants it re mained till its purchase a few years since by Lord Ash- bui'ton The loyalist was knighted by King Charles II. for his services to Charles I. He married Jane Barker, who died in 1693, and had issue, 1st, John Worsley, born 1653; 2ndly, Mary, who died in 1661; 3rdly, Anne; 4thly, Jane. Sir Edward's eldest son, John, married Anne Urry, of Freshwater, and died in 1727. He had a son, Edward Worsley, who married Jane Leigh, of Idlecomb, on the 1 8th of November, 1708, and died in 1729. The present manor-house was erected in 1750, and is close to the church. 60 A GENERAL HISTORY OF The vUlage is three mUes from Newport, and lies in a vaUey, through which a small river winds in a variety of directions. The church and parsonage-house are situated on the slope of a hUl, at a slight distance from the main road. The church is ancient, and consists of an Early English chancel, with south aisle, and a low, square tower. The piUars of the arcade on the south side of the chancel are of Purbeck marble, and the chancel was restored in 1863, at a cost of more than £1,000, by a lady now resident in the parish. In the churchyard north-east of the church is the grave of " The Dairyman's Daughter," with a memorial head-stone placed there on the 18th of September, 1822. By her side repose her sister and her aged parents.1 NEWPORT TO WHIPPING-HAM. The distance is three mUes, and the road runs near the course of the Medina. Arrived there, our first visit is to the church, which stands on a gentle eminence just above the river. The present building is modern, and in the shape of a cross. The aisles and chancel were erected in 1855, at the expense of the Queen. Other portions were rebuUt in 1860, the Queen having laid the first stone on the 28th of May in that year.2 The royal pew is on the south side of the chancel, and the Queen's chair is the third from its western end. On the eastern side of the chancel arch, and within this pew, a beautiful monument has been placed in memory of the Prince Consort- Under a canopy is a medalUon of the Prince ; two angels hold a crown over his head ; aU three being formed of white marble. Below are three small arches, and the inscription is on a marble tablet within the middle one of these. The two side arches contain the Queen's arms, and those of the Prince Consort. The inscription is as foUows : — (1) The cottage in which the good Elizabeth Walbridge on the 31 Ianr. 1 801 . Registered by me, Legh Richmond, resided and died, is situated in the small hamlet (now Clerk.' village) of Bramston, at the distance of a mile and a half " 'Elizabeth, daughter of Josph. & Elizabeth Wall- from Arreton Church. This cottage is often visited by bridge, aged 30, of this Parish, was buried May eleventh, tourists. She was born at Arreton, but her baptism 1801. Registered May 11th, by me, Legh Richmond, entry cannot now be found. Clerk.' I am indebted to the Rev. C. T. Burland for the " ' The Dairyman's Daughter ' has been added on the following information : — margin in pencil by another hand. "Arreton Vicarage, Nov. 9, 1867. — The lettering '"Elizabeth Wallbridge, aged 72, of this Parish, was on the stone erected on the grave of the Dairyman's buried the 21st of Septr., 1801, & registered by me, Daughter has become, through time, very illegible. Orders W. Sneyd.' " have been given for it to be renewed. (2) " The chancel is divided from the side aisles by a " The baptismal entries you ask for are amongst those range of small pointed arches, richly decorated with that have been for many years deficient. Copies from zigzag and other mouldings, standing on a plinth and Arreton registers : — forming a screen to the portions of the church occn- '" Hannah, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Wall- pied by her Majesty and her household." — Venables, bridge, aged 26, of the parish of Newchurch, was buried 1860. I THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 61 " To THE BELOVED MEMORY OP Francis Albert Charles Augustus Emanuel, Prince Consort, Who departed this lipe Dec. 14, 1861, In his 43"!1' year. ' Be thou paithful unto death, And I will give thee a crown of life,' Rev. ii. 10. This monument is placed In the church erected under his direction By His broken-hearted and devoted widow, Queen Victoria, 1864." On the wall of this church is a tablet in memory of Dr. Thomas Arnold's father, who resided and died at Slatwood, East Cowes.1 Osborne House is in this parish, and forms an object of much interest to all Osbome. Englishmen. In 1845 Lady Elizabeth Blachford sold the former mansion and estate to Queen Victoria. This has been increased by subsequent purchases, and now comprises nearly 5,000 acres. It stretches from the high-road between East Cowes and Newport to the well-wooded inlet of King's Quay, and extends two miles along the shore. The trees are principally oaks, and the park reaches to the water's edge. A stone landing-pier, or jetty, projects nearly 300 yards into the sea. The former house was modern, and has been pulled down. The present house was built by the late T. Cubitt, Esq., from designs by His Royal Highness Prince Albert, whose good taste and rare knowledge of the fine arts are shown in every part of the (1) The inscription is as follows : — " Sacred to the Memory Of Wm. Arnold, Esq., late Collector of His Majesty's Customs to the Port of Cowes, Isle of Wight. A man, by his amiable as well as faithful discharge of his duty in his public station, and in his private character, justly entitled himself to the warmest Respect, Esteem and Affection of all who were occasionally or permanently connected with him in Business, Society, or domestic Ties. The Public, his Friends, and his Family, feel and deplore the Loss sustained by his death on the 3rd March, 1801, Aged 35." In the churchyard, on the north side ot the church, is a dark-grey granite headstone, with the inscription as follows :— [" Sacred 62 A GENERAL HISTORY OF buUding. Two fine views of Osborne House are given in an earlier part of this county history. It occupies the site of the old mansion, and was commenced in 1 845, and finished in 1849. Its style is Domestic Italian, and the house consists of a base ment, with two stories above, surmounted by a cornice and balustraded parapet. The western wing contains the royal apartments, and stands altogether in advance of the main portion of the buUding. At its rear is the principal entrance, and also a massive flag-tower 107 feet in height. An open corridor extends along the whole north-west front of the building, and a clock-tower 90 feet high occupies the south eastern corner. At this point there is an approach from the lawn by an ascent of several terraces, connected by stairs paved with encaustic tiles. The gardens are on a large scale, and contain statues, vases, busts, fountains, and seats, in addition to ornamental shrubs and flowers of great beauty. The interior is, at all times, quite inaccessible to the public, but is known to contain a fine coUection of modern statues and pictures:1 NEWPORT TO COWES. There is now a line of rail from the capital town to the port of the island, West Cowes. Cowes Harbour is an estuary formed by the junction of the river Medina with the Solent. The custom-house for the whole island is here, and in consequence much business is transacted at this port. The river is always lively with vessels of different sizes and rigging, and the shore is busy with shipwrights. The town of West Cowes is included in the parish of Northwood, and its government is in the hands of a local board, annually elected by the ratepayers. The Royal Yacht Club was founded in June, 1815, and has its head-quarters here. It includes 150 members, and has about 100 enroUed on its lists. The yachting season lasts from May 1, to November 1, and the annual regatta usually takes place the first week in August. The dockyard and shipbuilding establishment of the Messrs. White is on the right bank of the river, and employs, throughout the year, nearly 400 men. " Sacred Queen Victoria, the Prince Consort, and Royal Family. To Though there is a tinge of mournfulness in looking upon The Memory Of the residence of a wise and good man now gone to his Fanny Lady Graham, repose, yet, as the steamboat rapidly passes Osborne, Wife Of Sir James Graham, Bart., every subject cannot but hope it will afford a calm and, Of Netherby, In Cumberland. if it may be, a happy retreat to her Majesty for many Born 5th August, 1795. long years to come ; and as its towers fade from sight Died At Cowes, 25th October, 1857. give utterance to the national and loyal prayer of " Gud ' Blessed Are The dead Which Die In The Lord.' " Save the Qneen." We next pass the ivied towers of Norris Castle, and as (1) A very good view of Osborne is obtained from the we do so recall to mind that in 1819 it was visited by water and no one can look with indifference upon the the Prince Regent, then in the maturity of years aud house which was for several years the happy home of honour. r=, o j r THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 63 The streets are principally narrow and hilly, but the environs are adorned with villas. There is one row of houses, known as the Marine Parade, which was built by the celebrated traveller and antiquary Sir Charles Fellows, Knight, who was resident here for some years.1 The first pile of the new pier and promenade at West Cowes was driven by Dr. Kernot, one of the promoters of the undertaking, in November, 1866. The pier is of iron, and projects from the back of Gloucester and Yarborough Houses in the High Street. It is 50 feet wide, and has at the end a sliding girder 75 feet long, terminated by an iron pontoon 30 feet wide by 60 feet in length, the whole projection from end to end being about 380 feet. The architects were Messrs. Hughes and Bage, of Westminster; and the engineer and contractor Mr. Dowson, also of Westminster. EAST COWES. A floating bridge connects East and West Cowes. The town lies along the left bank of the river, and is also built up the side of a tolerably steep hiU. This portion forms a collection of villas, caUed East Cowes Park. The Queen has a private landing-place here at the pier of the Trinity Board. East Cowes is a district of the parish of Whippingham. The church was designed by Nash, who presented the site on which it stands. The first stone was laid by Princess Victoria, September 6th, 1831. Near the Park is East Cowes Castle, an early production of its builder, Mr. John Nash, the architect, who resided here. He died at his seat, East Cowes Castle, on the 1 3th of May, 1835. It is now the seat of Viscount Gort. Norris Castle stands in a park more than half a mile east of East Cowes, upon Norris Castle. an ascent of the coast near Old Castle Point, and has much the appearance of a large Norman castle, with towers rising at intervals from its embattled and ivy-covered walls. This work supplies us with a fine view of Norris Castle, which is now the seat of Thomas Bell, Esq., who purchased it in 1838. It was built in 1799, for Lord Henry Seymour, by James Wyatt, the architect. In 1831 the Duchess of Kent and Princess Victoria were resident here. During the summer of 1859 it was again occupied by the Duchess of Kent. NEWPORT TO VENTNOR. The old four-in-hand coach still lingers in the Isle of Wight, and the pleasant journey of 10 miles from Newport to Ventnor is usually performed by its means. The road is up hill and down dale almost all the way. About 5| miles from Newport (1) Sir Charles Fellows married, in the Isle of Wight, Mrs. Wright, a widow lady of some property, who survived him. 64 A GENERAL HISTORY OF we pass through the viUage of Godshill, and cannot fail to note its fine church, which is built on the top of a steep knoll.1 Two miles further on we pass the house and park of Appuldurcombe, the ancient seat of the ancient family of Worsley. The present mansion was commenced by Sir Robert Worsley in 1710, and finished by Sir Richard Worsley, the historian. The house and estate, as well as the furniture and a large portion of the famous collection of pictures, statues, and antiquities, made by Sir Richard Worsley, were sold by auction in 1855, by order of the 2nd Earl of Yarborough.2 After remaining unoccupied for some years, it was taken on lease about 1860 by a joint-stock company, by whom it was opened as an hotel and boarding house. This, however, soon failed, and the house was shut up again. In 1864 it was described as the property of Mr. R. W. WUliams. It is now inhabited by Mr. Pounds, a gentleman who takes pupils. On the summit of the down, behind the house, stands an obelisk of Cornish granite, erected in 1774 by Sir Richard Worsley, in memory of his grand-uncle, Sir Robert Worsley.3 VENTNOR, OR THE CAPITAL OF THE UNDERCLIFF. This very healthy and well-situated little town is one of the pleasantest spots in the Isle of Wight, and well deserves all its popularity. Ventnor is on the south eastern coast of the island, and at a distance of 12 miles from Ryde, and 10 from Newport. The population is now about 3,000, but forty years ago it contained about half a dozen cottages, and until the publication of Sir James Clark's valuable work on the " Sanitive Influence of Climate," its few inhabitants were nearly aU fisher men. The town is well sheltered by a steep smooth chalk down, which rises like a wall (1) It contains monuments in memory of many of the Christenings: "Feb. the 18, 1734-5, was baptised Worsley family. I received the following note from the Carteret, the Son of David Worsley, Esq." Rev. Thomas Ratcliffe, along with extracts of value from Funerals in the years 1755, 1756, and 1757 : " 1756, the registers of Godshill parish : — June 14th, buried Sir lames Worsley, Pyle Well." " Godshill Parsonage, Isle of Wight, October 7,1867. — Burials, Anno 1768: " Septr. 29 , Sir Thomas Wors- I have been obliged to delay answering your letter, but ley, Bart." have now found time to take another look at the registeis. 1795. Burials: "April 25, Robert Edwin Worsley, I rather fancy they must have been copied out again Sou of the Right Honble. Sir Ricd. Worsley, Bart. (18). (soon after the original entries), and some years are (as Jno Lancaster, Curate." it seems to me) very imperfect. However, I give you 1805 : " Augt. 16, Rt. Hone. Sir Richard Worsley, the few I have gleaned, which seemed likely to serve Baronet (54), Appledurcombe. Jno. Lancaster, Curate." your purpose. Yon will find them below. In many (2) " The estate passed by marriage from the Worsleys, places the clergyman's name is omitted ; I have given at the death of Sir Richard, the last of the name, to the it where it exists, but in the former extracts which Yarborough family. The present owner of the mansion I sent yon the name of the clergyman is never put (in and park is Wynn Williams, Esq.'' — Venables, 1860. these earlier days) more than once on a page, viz., at the (3) Appuldurcombe House is a fine mansion, and has bottom.'' already a time-honoured aspect. There is a capital view Burials, Anno 1709: "May ye 27th. Mr. Steuart o( it, and the beautiful park, with the high down, crowned Worsley." with its monument, for a background, to be obtained from Godshill Register, 1784 — 5. the railway station at Wroxall. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 65 behind it to a height of between 700 and 800 feet. The houses are built at the base of this down, and also mount its lower slopes. The town is controlled by a Board of Commissioners, elected by the ratepayers under the provisions of an act obtained in 1844. One cheerful and good street, under the names of High Street, Church Street, and Belgrave Road, reaches from St. Boniface VUla at the eastern end of the town, to the Royal Hotel at its western extremity. The " Ventnor and Bonchurch Literary and Scientific Institution " was established in the year " 1850," and is situated in the High Street. The well-known Rev. James White, of Bonchurch, was the president, and Mr. Keet is the librarian. Down stairs in the reading-room there are three or four shelves of fossils. Here are also two interesting and local relics of the old French war, both of which were washed out of the chalk cliff, and found on Ventnor Beach. One is an 18-pounder cannon-ball, which by breaking in half has disclosed a perfect 7-pound ball inside it. The other is a specimen of chain-shot, and has a 7-pound ball at each end. The length is about 14 inches. It is perfect and fine. Both were presented by old Mr. Hall, who was in the Coast Guard and a geologist. Up-stairs in the girls' school-room are nine shelves of fossils and shells, also three fine fragments of a Samian vessel.1 There are no labels to anything, and the collection is in no sort of order. Many of the fossils were collected by S. M. Saxby, Esq., late of Bonchurch, and have been presented to the institute by Dr. Leeson. The principal church is that of St. Catherine, and its spire forms a prominent and pleasing object in all views of Ventnor.2 In 1848 a wide and very pleasant esplanade was formed on the sea-beach in the (1) Mr. Norman, the fishmonger and geologist, told me that he thinks these fragments of Samian ware were found at Bonchurch, but cannot speak at all certainly. Good Isle of Wight fossils may be purchased of Mark Norman, and scientific men will find in him a clever local geologist. (2) On the wall of the north aisle is a tablet — In Memory of Geobge Anne Maetin, Esq»., who died at Belgrave House, Ventnor, November 23 rd, 1842, Aged 71 years. He lies interred in a family vault at Wormley, Herefordshire. 'Et nunc quid sperem domine Nise ut in te sitam spem habeam?' Also of Constance Sophia Johnstone, Daughter of George Anne Martin, M.D., and Elizabeth Isabella, his wife, and Granddaughter of the above, who died at Clifton, Gloucestershire, August 21st, 1843. Aged 3 years and 2 months. Her remains are deposited in a vault in the adjoining churchyard. ' Filia Eheu 1 Unica.'" The cr.nrchyard contains a large monument, erected in memory of the daughter, and this now bears an added E Castle. 66 A GENERAL HISTORY OF Cove, and extended from the cascade beneath the parsonage nearly to the Undercliff Baths. The shore in the Cove is covered with fine shingle, and at each end is strewn with large fragments of rock. Two or three of these rocks at the western end bear a strong resemblance to the large solitary stone at Stonehenge. In this bowl-shaped cove we are really at the sea-side, and can enjoy it in all its glory. The cliff walk in the direction of St. Lawrence is too remarkable for us to overlook it, and can be highly recommended. A noisy and pretty little brook hurries down the cliff, and steephill flows across the shingle into the sea below Steephill Castle. The delightful " Cliff Path " crosses this brook by a board thrown over, which is A feet 6 inches long, by 1 foot 2^ inches wide. Just above this little bridge is a cascade 2 feet in depth. There is a good view of the castle from this path. This is the seat of Mr. Hambrough, whose father did so much for the good of the town. The castle is admirably situated, and rises boldly from among a mass of trees. Just beyond this, and below the cliff walk, is a pleasant and sheltered cove, clothed with short turf, and sprinkled over with bramble bushes and bracken. The cows feed here close down to the sea. We next pass above Steephill Cove, which contains three cottages of fishermen. This path extends to Puckaster Cove and Rocken End.1 The raUway from Ryde to Ventnor was opened throughout on Monday, the 10th of September, 1866. The station at Ventnor is situated in the quarry at the base of Wroxall and St. Boniface Downs, the former of which is tunneled to the extent of three-quarters of a mile. The first train arrived at Ventnor Station at eight o'clock, the journey from Ryde having occupied twenty-five minutes. The stations on this line are Wroxall, Shanklin, Sandown, and Brading. The engines which run here are named after the stations. PARISHES NEAR VENTNOR One of these is Whitwell, and distant 4 miles. There is a figure of the Madonna in the church here. In the chancel has recently been discovered a mural painting of considerable interest.2 inscription to the memory of Dr. Martin, whose name is (1) The " Crab and Lobster " is the old inn of Ventnor, identified with that of Ventnor : — and now flourishes as a first-class hotel. It is pleasantly situated, and has a garden in front, where geraniums will " Constance Sophia be found in full bloom even at the end of October. Johnstone Maetin, (2) " The Rev. R. B. Oliver, the vicar, has very kindly Born June 8th, 1840, supplied the following descriptive notes: — In the fore- Died August 21st, 1843." ground is a group of figures. One, in the habit of a And also scribe, holds a roll in his hand in the attitude of a pleader. The chief personage is a king, with ermine- "Geoege Ann* Maetin, M.D., tipped and dragon-shaped helmet, holding a drawn of Belgrave House, scimitar, the back of which is double curved. By his side Ventnor. stands an officer of state, with a straight sword drawn in Born July 12th, 1806, his hand, and a peculiarly shaped cocked hat with a green Died Jany. 7th, 1867." feather. Next to him stands a black-faced soldier bearing THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 67 Nearer the coast is Niton, distant 5 miles from Ventnor. The church here is Niton ChnrrL ancient. In front of the south entrance is the square base and steps of a large ancient cross.1 A marble slab lying in the chancel records — " Here lie deposited, Till the resurrection of the just, The mortal remains of Dr. Thomas Pittis, Late Rector of St. Botolph, near Bishopsgate, in London, Who after a life of more than L. years, Spent chiefly in serving the Church of England, And in praying for it ("When he cd no otherwise defend it), Being consum'd with a long sicknesse, And with zeal for the house of God, He resign' d his soul into the hands of his Saviour Dec : 28, mdclxxxvii. Leaving to men an eminent example of piety, learning, and virtue3 And to God's protection two sons and two daughters, Thomas, William, Elizabeth, and Catherine, Which blessings he had by Mrs. Elizabeth Pittis, Daughter to William Stephens, Esq., Who hath consecrated this monument of her sorrow To the memory of her most beloved husband, Supporting her own loss With the assurance of his blessednesse." The registers date from 1559.2 a banner, the sign of which is a dragon. Close to him are two other figures, one of which is partially defaced. In the background, at the left-hand corner, a group of angels round a triple crown ; a broad red line connects this with the head of a figure supposed to be in a recum bent posture, suffering martyrdom; the body cannot readily be traced. Also in the background of the group of figures there is represented a gateway by the side of a castellated hill, and connected with a fortified castle with seven spires. At the base of the whole picture is a recumbent figure on what might be a gridiron or instru ment of torture, the feet resting against a book, and the body cut open as if disembowelled. The colouring of the figure is bright; the faces, though rude, most strongly marked and expressive. Dr. Rock, from a copy taken in water-colours, gave his opinion that the painting was intended for the martyrdom of St. Eusebius Emisensis ; but the Rev. Philip Hooking is inclined to think it repre sents the martyrdom of St. Vincent, especially as St. Vincent was the patron saint of the religious house of Lyra, in Normandy, with which the manor of Wydcomb, in the parish of Whitwell, was connected. The painting cannot be placed higher than the 15th century. It was covered with thirteen coats of whitewash. The last coat ing, being of a smooth, glazed surface, easily removed, and leaving the colour quite bright beneath, seems to have been put on for the purpose of concealing the drawing. Mr. Oliver has made a very faithful copy of this wall painting in water-colours." — C. R. Smith, Esq., in the Gent. Mag. for June, 1867. (1) Supposed, in " Brettell's Guide," to have been used for the ceremony of baptism. This is "an absurdity, the rain water now lies in the hollow made for the recep tion of the shaft of the cross.'' (2) The following are extracts from the Niton Parish Registers : — "Anno Dom. 1586. Henry Pettis, sonne of Philip and Jhane, baptised 18° Septeb. " 1589 (?). Pettis, daughter of do., 23° Martii. "1591. Jhane Pettis, daughter of do., 15° Aug. " 1 590. John Pettis, sonne of Thomas and Dorothey, baptised 8° Martii. " 1593. John Pettis, sonne of Philip and Jhane, baptised 25 Noveb. " 1593. Joane Pettis, daughter of Thomas and Dorothie, baptised 14° Deceb. " 1595. Will™- Pettis, sonne of Philip and Jhane, baptised 26° Oct. "1599. Edmond Pettis, sonne of Philip and Jliane, baptised 28° Febr. " 1599. Thomas Pettis, sonne of Thomas and Doro thie, baptised 30° Martii. "1601. Joane Pettis, daughter of Philip and Jhane, baptised 29° Noveb. " 1602. Ridiard Pyttis, eonne of Thomas and Doro thie, 2° Jan. [1621. 63 A GENERAL HISTORY OF VENTNOR TO RYDE. Bonchurch. Bonchurch is a beautiful village on the Undercliff, and is only a mile distant from Ventnor. Numerous houses now line the road between the two places, and make it appear as if but one. At the entrance to the village, on the left-hand side of the road, is the pretty Pond. The wall of the Undercliff towers above it to the height of 400 or 500 feet. The pond is supplied by a clear and running stream, which takes its rise at the foot of St. Boniface Down ; the water is conveyed away by two or three exits, situated at different points. The old church is farther on, and stands near the sea. It is an ancient low grey building, and is now only used at funerals. The church is pewless, and has on one side wall the remains of some mural paintings. It used to be under the shadow of several ancient elm trees, but these are all gone now, as the last of them were blown down two years since. Some young elm trees are growing in and around the small churchyard, and give it something of its old character. The tomb stone of the Rev. WUUam Adams is still in perfect preservation. Nearer the wall to the west is the grave of John Sterling. His monument consists of a head and foot- stone, with a slab between. The inscription records that — " JOHN STERLING DIED AT VENTNOR 18TH SEPTEMBER, 1844, AGED 38." "(1621.) Phillyp Pittys, the sonne of Henry and "Thomas Pettis, drowned 7 Octob., buried 9 Octob., Prances his wiffe was baptised the 23° of September, 1621. 1564. "Frances Pittys, daughter of Henry and Frances, his " Willm- Pettis was buried 23° Martii, 1570. wifte, baptized ye xv.th of September, 1622. " Agnes Pettis was buried 28° Noveb., 1578. "Joane Pittys, daughter of Henry Pittys, was baptised "Julian Pettis was buried 12 Decemb., 1583. the twenty-and-five of September, 1625. " Phillip Pyttis was buried 31 July, 1603. " Susana, the daughter of Henry Pittys aud Frances, "Thomas Pyttis was buried 24° Septeb., 1612. was baptised the 15° of June, 1628. "Joane Pittys was buried 22 June, 1631. "Jane Pittys, the daughter of Henry Pittys, was baptised the Bixe daye of Marche, 1630. "Jolm Edwardes was married unto Anne Pettis "Richard Pittys, the sonne of Henry Pittys, was bap- 29° Noveb., 1561. tised the 22° of Aprill, 1632. "Georg Harvey married to Isabell Pettis, 21° Jannar, " Elizabeth Pittys, the daughter of Henry Pittys, was l^H- baptised the last daye of June, 1633. "Willm- Tresford married to Jhane Pettis, 9° August!, " Ann Pittis, danghter of Thomas Pittis aud Mary, his 1579. wife, was baptised the fifteenth of May, 1634. "Thomas Pettis, married to Alice Kneller, 1° Feb. "Thomas Pittis, son of Thomas, bapt. June 28, 1636. I582- " Richard Pittis, son of Thomas, B. March 13, 1637." " philiP Pettia married to Jhane How, 30 Septeb.,1585. In another portion of the register we find,— " Thomas Pettis married to Dorothie Lavender, 26° "Ann. Dnj. 1636. Thomas Pittis, sonn of Thomas Maii, 1589. and Mary, bapt. 28° Jun. " Richard Attwood was married October 26° to Garn " Richard Pittis, bapt. 13° March, sonn of Thomas and Pyttis. Mary 1638. "John Hoodon was married to Joane Pyttis 12° August, "Mary Pittis, daughter of Thomas and Mary, bapt 1613. 6th of June, 1649." " ^ wa9 married to Anne Pittys the " Burialls, fonrteenth day of December, 1614. " Anno Dni , 1559. "Robbert Onerye was married to Jane Pittis the 14° " Will1"- Pettis was buried 18° Jannuarii, 1559. daye of Octobere, 1616." THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 60 On the foot-stone is — "J. s. 1844." ' The new church was consecrated on the 11th of December, 1848, and is well situated The r.ew on a steep shute above the school.2 Bonchurch is a rectory, value about £200. There is a new house for the clergyman above the church. Since 1862 the Rev. John George Gregory, M.A., has been the rector. The. population is about 600. The rector has no parish registers more ancient than the year 1700, as Bon church and Shanklin were formerly united ; and although Bonchurch was the actual parish, the clergyman's residence was at Shanklin. Tennyson is here a household word ; the Laureate having been, long before he (1) Next to the Rev. W. Adams's tomb are two graves, with head and foot-stones. The inscription on the first is as follows -. — " Sacred to the Memory of Rosa Elizabeth, second Daughter of The Rev. James White, who died Febry. 14tb, 1848, Aged 12 years and 8 months. D. Dai-, Bonchurch." And on the foot-stone, — "R. E. W. 1848," The secoud has this inscription: — " Sacred to the Memory of Marion Johanna Lelia, youngest Daughter of the Revd. James White, who died July 27th, 1850, Aged 2 years. D. Day.' And on the foot-stone, - W. "M. J. L. 1850." Near them is a third, with the following on the head stone : — " Sacred to the Memory of Mart Margaret White, eldest Daughter of the Revd. James White, who died June 25th, 1840, Aged 10 years. B. Bull, Ventnor." On the foot-stone, — "M. M. W. 1840." (2) In this churchyard we find a head and foot-stone, with the following inscription : — " Ihs. Francis Edward Venables, Born Novr. 8th, 1826 Departed this life April 22, 1855. ' God be merciful to me a sinner.' " On the foot-stone is, — "F. E. V, 1855." In one part we see three grave mounds within a low iron rail. The centre one has at the head a stone cross, and also has a foot-stone. The inscription is as follows : — " ' Yet shall he live.' Revd. James White, Died March 26th, 1862, Aged 58." To the right of this is a white marble cross at the head of the grave, and another smaller one at the foot. The epitaph tells us that it is in memory of — "Clara Margaret Jean, the Beloved Wife of John Gordon. of Cluny, Died 12th February, 1864, Aged 21 years." Ou the left side is a stone cross at the head of a grave, and there is also a foot-stone. It tells us that — " Charlotte Helena White Died June 30th, 1859, Aged 20 years." Round the graves are planted ferns, flowers, and ivy, and the sacred spot is kept in beautiful order. There is room for one other grave. 70 A GENERAL HISTORY OF established himself at Freshwater, a constant guest of the Rev. James White, the author of the " King of the Commons," &c, the Fat Contributor of Punch, and a favourite writer for years in Blackwood's famous magazine. In Mr. White's hos pitable house it was that the Laureate's old hat was seized upon some years ago, as it hung tranquilly in the haU at Wood Lynch, and cut up into memorials by the enthusiastic young ladies of the neighbourhood. Through his means, too, was the village of Bonchurch made famUiar with the personal presence of Leech, and Doyle, and Thackeray, and numerous other literary men of the day. Not least among them was the novelist Charles Dickens, whose morning shower-bath was for many a month taken under the little sparkling waterfall that leaps from the dark red cliff below the old church. Christopher North is said to have once visited the Rev. J. White at Bonchurch.1 Shanklin. Shanklin may still be called a beautiful village. It is distant from Ventnor 3\ miles. Here is the well-known and very pretty Chine and a fine bay. At the head of the Chine, as seen from the shore, is an ivy-covered house called Tower Cottage, the residence of Mrs. Cameron. There is a cottage, called Sampson's Baths, on the shore at the mouth of the Chine. The water from it ripples along and across the sands, and flows into the sea. To the right of the Chine the bay ends with a lofty and dark-coloured waU of rock. At the other end is a high chalk cliff, known as the " White Horse," and this can be seen from a long distance, and forma a very striking object. A substantial-looking building in Grange Road has the following inscription over the front entrance : — "literary and scientific institute. a.d. 1865." The church. Shanklin Church is a picturesque jumble, and stands close to the old Manor House. It was the church of the manor, and still is so in some degree. There is no churchwarden, and no repairs can be done without leave of the patron. No burials were allowed till lately, and the inhabitants used to bury at Brading, and still retain the right. A small portion of the chancel roof has stone tiles. In the south wall of the chancel is a good piscina, and close to this is a sedilia. The east window is filled with stained glass. The middle scene represents the angel appearing to the shepherds. It bears the following inscription : — " In memoriam Richardi "Walton White et Mariae uxoris ejus a.d. I860."2 (1) One son only of all his family Is now living. Mrs. White's maiden name was Rosa Hill. I am told that this lady has recently parted with almost all her Bon church property to Dr. Leeson and others, and is now Btaying at Bonchurch Hotel. October 26, 1867. Bonchurch was the birthplace of Admiral Hobson, but the register containing bis baptism entry is neither at Bonchurch nor Shanklin. (2) Prior Silkstead's chest is locked np in a store room over the cart-shed at the Manor-farm. Mr. Morris, estate agent, has the key. The inscription is as follows : — " Dominus Thomas Silksted, Prior, An. Dom. 1512." THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 71 The royal arms placed in this church are of the time of King Charles I., snd really curious.1 Archdeacon Hill is buried in the chancel of this church, and there is a tablet on the south wall of the side aisle erected to his memory.2 The living is a donative, and the present incumbent, the Rev. G. W. Southouse, rural dean of the East Medine. The old-fashioned and thatched parsonage was a farmhouse, but for the last fifty years has formed the clergyman's residence. The south-east side is covered with large creeping myrtle trees. On other portions ivy is growing up. The parish Registers. registers are kept here, but do not go back so far as the seventeenth century.3 (1) Within the communion rails is a stone slab bearing a shield of arms, and the following inscription : — " Here lie the remains of Elizabeth, the Relict of John Popham, Esq., who died August the 13th, 1.754, Aged 43 years." (2) The inscription is given on white marble, with a larger tablet of black marble at the back : " NEAR THIS SPOT ARE DEPOSITED THE MORTAL REMAINS OF the Venble. Justly Hill, A.M., Archdeacon and Comissary of Buckingham, a.d. 1825. He was Rector of Tingewick, Bucks, And also of Bonchurch cum Shanklin, Where he was the resident Officiating Minister For 47 years. He died on the 18th of March, 1853, Aged 72 years. Qualis eratne requiras Modo sis tu Melior ! In this churchyard also is buried Jane Helena, His Wife, Who survived him 5 years. In the churchyard at one and of the church is a tombstone with the following inscription: — " BENEATH THIS STONE REST THE MORTAL REMAINS OP JANE HELENA, WIDOW OP ARCHDEACON JUSTLY HILL, AND DAUGHTER OP SAML. SHUTE, ESQR. DIED AUGUST 30TH., 1858, AGED 72. 'SHE WITHHELD NOT GOOD FROM THEM TO WHOM IT WAS DUE, WHEN IT WAS IN THE POWER OP 1ICA hand TO do IT.' — Proverbs in. 27." Her daughter Elizabeth is buried in the same vault. (3) The following are extracts of burial entries : — " Jnstly Hill, Shanklin, March 24, 1853 ; 71 years. T. V. Melior, Curate." 1858. "Jane Helena Hill, Sandown, Sept. 3rd; 72 years. G. G. Cashman, officiating Min." 1867. " Elizabeth Ann Douglas Hamilton, Shanklin, July 2nd ; 39th (year). C. R. Sherson, R. of YaverlaiiuV: 72 A GENERAL HISTORY OF Bradiu?. Brading, the largest parish in the island, is 8 miles distant from Ventnor. The population in 1861 was 3,046, including Bembridge and Sandown. Near the churchyard is the old Town Hall, which is a smaU half-timbered buUding on an open brick arcade, once the site of the weekly market, and now affording shelter to the old pair of stocks, which is in good preservation. Half way down the street is a small open space to the right, where buU-baiting used to be carried on, and the massive iron ring, stUl firmly fixed in the ground, remains, and plainly points out the exact site. The church. The church is one of the most interesting in the island, and was admirably restored in 1865, by Mr. HeUyer of Ryde, at the expense of Sir Henry Oglander of NunweU, Bart. It is a spacious and ancient structure chiefly Transition Norman in style, and consists of a body and chancel separated by a Norman arch. The five arches on each side of the middle aisle are fine and ancient. They have been well cleared of whitewash. There is a very good old tower, surmounted with a spire, rebuilt at the beginning of this century. The new font was presented by the Rev. D. I. Heath, and the old one is now preserved in the Robing Closet at the end of the north aisle. It bears the date of " 1631." Here are also safely kept some fine fragments of ancient stone sculpture, discovered when the church was restored. One of these is a perfect and beautiful holy-water stoup, found built up in the wall. The new pews, reading-desk, and pulpit are all good. The old pulpit, so often used by the Rev. Legh Richmond, is preserved at NunweU. The chancel needs attention, which, however, it is soon likely to receive from Trinity College, Cambridge. The organ is a lasting memorial of Mr. Richmond's love for sacred music, and has recently been much enlarged and improved. It is a fine-toned instrument. The Oglander Chapel is at the east end of the south aisle, and contains some very interesting tombs and effigies. A monument to the left, and near the altar, has kneeling effigies, and bears the foUowing inscription in black letters : — " Master Oly wer Oglawnder — here ye 30th daye of December . ye yer of our lord God moccccxxx . and for ye wyf of . . . Sir . . . Oglawnder." On the opposite side is a fine altar-tomb, with full-sized effigy in armour of Sir William Oglander, Knight, with his hands clasped as in prayer. He died in 1608. Facing this is another altar-tomb, with effigy in fuU armour of his son, the historian of the isle, Sir John Oglander, Knight. This loyal and most worthy gentlemen died in 1655, aged seventy. Above is a small figure, after the same model, of his eldest son George Oglander, who died at Caen, in Normandy, July 11th, 1632, aged twenty-three. Several slabs, bearing shields of arms and inscriptions will be found on the floor 51=1 THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 73 of this chapel, and were placed there in memory of members of this honourable and ancient Isle of Wight family.1 Immediately under the east window, in the churchyard, is the grave of that dear child " Little Jane." The vile English custom of writing names on everything visited by tourists has even extended to the Young Cottager's tombstone.2 At the side of the path is a headstone with this inscription :— "IN Memory of Richard, Son of Richard and Ann Smith of Languard, Who departed this Life June 28 th, 1766, In the 15th year of his Age." He died of smallpox.* The Brading Cannon used to be kept in a shed placed against the churchyard wall. This is now used for coals, and the old gun was presented by the parish to Sir H. Oglander last Easter, and is now at NunweU.4 (1) Within the communion rails is a slab bearing a shield of arms, and the following inscription : — "In Remembrance of The Ret? Richard Palmer, M.A., Who died Augst. 28th, 1763, Aged 62." Another slab has a brass plate with this inscription, — "The Revd. T. Waterworth, B.D., Vicar of this Parish, Died April 9th, 1790, Aged 70 years." Next to this a similar slab is in memory of, " Elizabeth, Relict of The Revd. T. Waterworth, Died October 28th, 1814, Aged 77 years." (2) The interior of the Governor's House at Caris brooke Castle is covered with names, though all were cleared off three years since. The present Vicar of Brading informs me that " Little Jane is really buried under the gravel walk, and the grave mound is thus a fiction." In a lane at the bottom of the hill still stands the cottage in which she lived and died. It was offered for sale in 1865, at the price of £100, by Mr. Higgs, honse-agent at Saudown. William Hendy, the gardener of Sir Henry Oglander, lives in it now. The family have all died out or left Brading. October 31, 1867. (3) The parish registers date from the year 1547. In general they have been well kept and well preserved. In the entry of baptisms we find that " From 1 619 Mr. Englysh hath left out untill 1622." Iu that of marriages — " From 1618 Mr. Englishe hath left out of this Register untill 1622." In that of burials, — Here Mr. English hath left out from 1619 untill 1622." The following extract is curious : — " Burials, Novemb. ye 20th, 1677. Jowler (alias) John Knight, of Morton, whoe, rather then he would be charitable to himselfe (when he was capacitated), liv'd like a miserable wretch on ye publick charity. ' He liv'd in a p'petuall slavery through Ffeare aud Suspiciou, and pinch'd both his back and belly to fill ye purse. He soe excessively idoliz'd his poore wragg of dung ye't was death to him to thincke of p'ting. He was allwaies soe afraide of want, or yt he should dy as he had allwaies liv'd, a beggar, yt he dar'd not use wh't he had for his owne wellbeing, but liv'd and died with his beloved bagg in his nearest embraces ; and at length, yt he might pay his utmost homage both by life aud death to his greate god Mammon, he voluntarily sacrificed himselfe, and even dyed to save charges. Left (which was found) £06 17*." (4) Charles Roach Smith, a most eminent native of the Isle of Wight, and our best English antiquary, was born iu the old manor-house of Languard, in this parish. He is the fifth and youngest son of John and Ann Smith. When quite young he attended a school at Brading. In after life Mr. Roach Smith resided for many years at 5, Liverpool Street, London ; but is now resident in Temple Place. Strood, Kent. His famous collection of Roman and other antiquities found in London was sold to the nation for .£2,000, aud is now in the British Museum. He is the author of many very valuable anti quarian works, and a first-rate Shakespearian reader and actor. A GENERAL HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF RYDE. Ryde in the Isle of Wight has been made a municipal borough, and will be governed by a mayor and corporation.1 It is the chief fashionable watering-place in the island, and a large town, containing more than 1,820 houses. In 1793 it was only " a populous vUlage," known as " Upper" and " Lower Ryde." The population in 1811 was only 1,601, but has since increased to more than 8,000. The pier. In 1813 a local act was obtained, and the construction of a pier commenced. The first stone was laid June 29, 1813, and it was opened in the following year. The length was then only 1,740 feet, but in 1824 it was increased by 300 feet, and in 1833 another extension took place. The wide pier-head and pavilion were added in 1842, and enlarged in 1856, and received yet further additions in 1860. The pier is the property of a joint-stock company, and every foot passenger pays a toll of 2d. The total length is now 2,250 feet. The width has recently been more than doubled by the addition of a very convenient double tramway, upon which omnibus raUway carriages constantly ply. The pier is a very popular resort, and affords a pleasant promenade. The esplanade was completed in 1856 from the designs of Mr. Newman, the town surveyor, and provides a broad, straight, and open walk and drive 1,150 feet in length. The Town Hall and Market House is in Lind Street, and was erected in 1829-31, at a cost of £5,000, and nearly £8,000 more was expended upon the approaches to it. The frontage, including the wings, measures 198 feet. A portion of the right wing is occupied by the library and lecture-room of the Ryde Literary Institute, while the left wing forms a market. A large clock has been given to the town by the late Miss Player, and was being erected in November, 1867. The Royal Victoria Arcade is on the west side of Union Street, and was erected in 1835, at a cost of £12,000. The design was furnished by Westmacott, and it con sists of a covered promenade with shops on each side and a show-room at the end. The Theatre is an ugly edifice in St. Thomas's Square, between High Street and Union Street. It is only open during the season in July, August, and September. The Isle of Wight Philosophical and Scientific Society at Ryde was established in 1850. The museum. There is a museum, library, and reading-room in a buUding in Melville Street, formerly occupied by the National Schools. The Prince Consort was the president of this useful society, and upon his death his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales accepted the office of president. It is also under the patronage of Dr. Sumner, Bishop of Winchester, and the Right Hon. Viscount Eversley. The last annual meeting of this society was held on Tuesday, October 29, 1867. The foUowing gentlemen were elected to fill the various offices for the ensuing year : President (1) Hants Chronicle, Nov. 23, 1867. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 75 Benjamin Barrow, Esq. ; 1 Hon. Treasurer, W. Hyde Pullen, Esq. ; Hon. Secretary, Dr. W. F. J. Turner ; Hon. Curator, George Carey, Esq.2 Dr. Hassall, of Ventnor, was elected a member of the society. The report stated that the museum had just been enriched by a donation of more than 200 island birds, prepared and mounted by the late younger son of Dr. Leeson, of Pulpit Rock, Bonchurch. Since the death of Dr. Martin the society has received from Mrs. Martin a donation of her late hus band's herbarium, and a collection of fossils. The museum was opened November 2, 1857. It occupies a large and good room, well fitted with suitable wall and table cases. There is a MS. " Catalogue of Fossils ranging from the Wealden to the Hemp stead beds of the Isle of Wight. Arranged in the Wall Cases on the left hand side of the room, and lettered a to r." But these cases are not more than half full. A small table-case at the entrance end of the museum room contains " Mineral Specimens from the Isle of Wight. Exhibited by B. Barrow, Esq." At the farther end of the room is a case by itself, containing a large and extremely fine specimen of a <* Wasps' Nest found adhering to the rafters of a barn, NunweU, Isle of Wight. By Sir Henry Oglander." A table-case adjoining contains the following local relics : — " Piece of oak from Old St. Helen's Church, Isle of Wight. Destroyed by the encroachment of the Sea about 1715." " Part of Elephant's Tusk found at Bartons VUlage, about 12 ft. bel«w the sur face. By S. James." An encaustic tile with green glazed surface, from " Chapel Floor, Quarr Abbey." Another tile, three cornered in shape, with a yellow-green glazed surface, from " Chapel Floor, Quarr Abbey." " Stone Figure found at Quarr Abbey. Presented by Mr. Harris of Union Street." It is a human hand in miniature grasping some object. Also an old seal with small portion of chain attached. Presented by " the Rev. J. Barrow," and found " Near Ashey."3 All the churches at Ryde are modern. Churche*. St. Thomas's Chapel was erected in 1719, at the cost of Henry Player, Esq., lord of the manor. In 1813 it was enlarged, and again in 1826. The old roof was also taken off, and a new and higher one put in its stead. The present galleries were added then. These alterations were effected by George Player, Esq., then lord of the manor. The present incumbent is the Rev. WiUiam Hardinge Girdlestone, M.A. (1) Dr. Barrow has been the honorary secretary from Four drawers full of Isle of Wight birds' eggs, forming 1850 to 1867. a fine series. (2) Mr. Carey has now been honorary curator for Some drawtrs of local butterflies, moths, and in- seven years, November, 1867. sects. (3) The museum contains a valuable and numerous Dr. Bromfield's Herbarium is preserved here in ft collection of articles, but we need only further mention — losed case, where it fills many drawers. 76 A GENERAL HISTORY OF The Rev. Henry Hughbank has recently been appointed the incumbent of the new church of St. John's. There is a new but ugly church at Swanmore, Ryde. It has a very high roof, and no tower or spire. The Rev. Hooker Wix is the incumbent. The Roman Catholic church in the High Street was built in 1845. It is Early English in atyle, and Mr. Hansom was the architect It is a fine building, and has a beautifully ornamented front towards the High Street. The altar of the Angelas Chapel was designed by Pugin. This church was built at the sole cost of Elizabeth, Countess of Clare.1 There are many pleasant walks in the vicinity of Ryde. Binstead. One of these leads us to Binstead, a parish and village on the coast, one mUe west from Ryde. It is separated from the parish of Newchurch by a small stream running into the Solent, at the base of the hUl crowned by the new church of Binstead. The parish extends 1\ mile westward to Fishbourne Creek, where it has a fishing hamlet near Wootton Bridge. The ground near the church has been broken into deep hollows, and rendered very uneven by the working of the famous quarries. The upper Umestone found here has been quarried, at least, from the time of William I.2 The siliceous Umestone, or rag, as it is locaUy termed, is now being dug at Binstead, on the site of an old quarry, and is conveyed to Ryde for buUding purposes. Qnan- Abbey. Quarr Abbey is in this parish. A short and wide, but very pleasant, green lane leads to the abbey from the Ryde and Newport Road. The neglect and barbarous ill-usage of old times seems to have been only succeeded by the neglect and ill- usage of the present day. This noble abbey derives its name from the stone quarries worked here for so long a time, and was founded in 1132 by Baldwin de Redvers, afterwards lord of the island. The monks were of the Cistercian order, and effected much good in the vale of Newchurch by their agricultural skUl. In 1340 the abbot obtained a license from Edward III. to fortify the abbey, and surrounded it (1) Colonel Harcourt's seat at Ryde is St. Clare, a at Binstead and Quarr, in the Isle of Wight. It is added really beautiful mansion, finely situated on an eminence that if it could be positively ascertained to be identical, it above the Solent. Grass terraces and a shrubbery ex- would prove that this quarry was worked several centuries tend down to the water. Everything is in good taste earlier than it is alleged to have been. This remarkable here, and is rendered more interesting still from its altar forms part of the Roach Smith collection now in having formed the delightful retreat of the Princess Alice, the British Museum, and has recently been directly com- and the Prince Louis of Hesse, after their marriage at pared with specimens of Upper limestone from Binstead. Osborne, July 1, 1862. Some of the fuchsias form large I am indebted to the active kindness of Edward Levien, bushes on the grass terrace here, and were in fine bloom Esq., of the British Museum, for the following communi on the 2nd of November, 1867. The house is partly cation. " Becember 20, 1867. — Both the geologist and covered with ivy, aud looks well from every point of the mason whom I have consulted have compared the view, but it is not to be seen from the adjoining road. specimens yon sent with the Winchester altar. They say Good-sized oak trees adorn the slope down to the water, that the stones are similar in character, and that: the altar as well as flower and rose beds. nay very possibly have been quarried in the same locality (2) In volume iv. of Mr. Roach Smith's Collectanea aa that which you have sent. There is no doubt hut that Antiqua it is stated that the material of a Roman altar the altar is of British quarrying." The present church discovered at Winchester very much resembles the stone is modern, and was designed by Mr. Hellyer, of Ryde. THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 77 with the strong wall which may still be traced through the greater part of its circuit, and enclosing an area of 40 acres. This richly endowed monastery fell by sacrilegious hands when Henry VIII. and his unscrupulous agent Lord Cromwell effected the suppression of all the religious houses in England, and appropriated to their own use the spoils of the Church. Quarr was purchased by John and George Mills, two wealthy merchants of Southampton, who demolished the greater portion of the buildings, and destroyed the monuments erected in memory of the royal and noble dead. This treatment was continued by Sir Thomas Fleming, who purchased the estate from the representatives of Mrs. Dowsabell Mills. It now belongs to J. B. W. Fleming, Esq., of Stoneham Park. Part of the old wall belongs to Sir Thomas Cochrane. A portion has recently been broken down, and an archway formed for a gravel path which leads from the new lodge to Quarr House. The wall here is uncared for, and is considered a ready quarry when stones are required for modern purposes. The abbey site is occupied by a, farmhouse and out-buildings formed out of the remains. There is a large barn which used to be the refectory. Over the door is the perfect stone framework of a three-light window, now blocked up. A large and pleasant meadow is in front of the farmhouse, and there is another above the ruins which stand by themselves in a meadow on the east side of the farmhouse. These consist of the shell of a building, with three arches at the west end, one of which is fine and almost perfect. There is also a small doorway at this end. It is 5 feet 1 1 inches high from stone step of door, and 2 feet 2 inches wide. On the north side is a perpendicular door with paneling in the jambs, and a window. A small stream runs close by this building on the east. This meadow is marshy with dirty farmyard water. The outer walls are upon the whole in fine preservation. They are ivy-covered and very picturesque. A wall is supposed to have once stood in a line with the white gate at the head of the lane, and numerous wall-stones ploughed up along there are mentioned in proof of this by the present tenant, Mr. George Thorn, who has only been at the farm- for one year.1 (1) In 1857 a curious discovery was made by some mixed together in a wooden box, and kept in a small back labourers engaged in the constrnction of a road which room of the Ryde museum house. Underneath this box are now runs through the abbey grounds, of three small stone several pieces of stone, said to have formed one of these boxes or chests. They were found placed side by side, chests. Some time since the pieces of a second were kept two of them nearly close together, aud the third a foot there, but they have been removed . One of the three or two to the south. Upon removing the heavy stones chests is still preserved in safety at Quarr. This is partly of which the lids were composed three human skeletons, sunk in the ground in front of the farmhouse, aud, being in a good state of preservation, were found. The leg and filled with earth, serves as a bed for flowers. It is 3 feet arm bones were on either side, the ribs and small bones and a quarter of an inch long outside, by 1 foot 3 inches in the centre, and the skulls at the western end, the latter wide. Inside it is 2 feet 7 inches long, by 9| inches being in all cases turned upside down. It was evident wide. The box is 9 inches deep outside, and 7 inches these remains had been removed at some time or other deep inside. The sides of the chest are 2£ inches thick. from the place of their original burial. The bones are It is in perfect preservation, but there is no lid. 78 A GENERAL HISTORY OF It is a well-wooded and lovely spot, and only needs proper attention to become a most pleasant place. No one with any right feeling can visit it without admiration for its beauty, and sorrow for its neglected state. At a short distance south of the ruins of the abbey is a wood, formerly thickly- timbered, but now only consisting of a few decayed oaks and brushwood ; it is caUed Eleanor's Grove, from a tradition that Eleanor of Guienne, Queen of Henry H., was imprisoned at Quarr, and frequented this secluded spot, where, after death, it is related, she was interred in a golden coffin, which is supposed stUl to be protected from sacrilegious cupidity by magical spells.1 Wootton. Wootton is on this road, and little more than 3 mUes from Ryde. It is a very smaU viUage. Turning to the right at the old rectory, we pass the new rectory, and reach the long narrow church. The doorway has a very fine Norman arch. There is a small but excellent old pulpit of carved oak. At the western end is a small and ugly gaUery. The church consists of nave and chancel, but there is no chancel arch. The roof is partly covered with stone tiles.2 st. Helen's. St. Helen's is 4 miles from Ryde. The parish includes the hamlets of Sea View, Nettlestone, Spring Vale, and Oakfield. It lies between the parishes of Brading and Newchurch, and has the Solent for its northern boundary. The present chancel of St. Helen's Church was built by Mr. Henley Smith, of the Priory, within the last two or three years. BLACK GANG CHINE TO YARMOUTH. Chale. Chale is a village 8£ mUes south-south-west of Newport, and is situated a short distance from the sea, at the foot of Chale Down. Black Gang Chine is on the west declivity of St. Catherine's Hill. Two currents from distant parts of this hill make their way to its brow, and effect a junction at the top of a high and prominent point. Here the united waters hurry down a steep channel for about 200 yards, and then arrive at a precipice, whence they fall in a perpendicular cascade of 70 feet upon the shore. There is very little water in the chine, excepting after heavy rains. The sides of the cliff are not high, but above them rise broken rocks 400 feet in height, and the majestic summit of St. Catherine's HiU forms a background to the striking scene. From the beach is an ascent to the upper cliff by a rough flight of steps, formed by logs of wood imbedded in the earth at irregular distances. At the top there is a (1) " I have never heard of Queen Eleanor having been confined where you state, nor have I ever met with any confirmation of the tradition. Certainly, she was not buried there." — Miss Agnes Strickland, Sept. 14, 1867. (2) On the chancel floor is a marble Blab bearing a shield of arms and the following inscription : — " Sacred to the Memory Of The Revd. Richard Walton, Late Rector and Patron Of this Church, Who died Deer. 16th, 1803. Aged 73 Ykabs." THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 79 " bazaar " with a collection of bottles full of the many-coloured sands from Alum Bay, curious pebbles, agates, and fossils. The skeleton of a large whale, which was stranded some twenty years since in Gurnard Bay, is preserved in a long building here. In the museum at Brighton is a " Cannon- Ball found after a storm at Black Gang Chine, Isle of Wight, 1859." A faithful view of this remarkable chine is given in an earlier part of the histoiy, and brings the place vividly before us.1 The parish of Brixton includes the hamlet of Lymerston, which lies about a mile Lymerston, eastward of Brixton village. The manor was anciently the property of the Crown, but soon after the Norman Conquest it was bestowed upon the family who took the name of the manor, and were called De Lymersi, De Lymreston, or De Lymerston. They founded within it an oratory or chapel for three priests, which endowment was augmented and increased by Geoffrey de Tycheburne in the reign of Henry III. This foundation or religious establishment was similar to that of the Oratory of Barton, in the parish of Whippingham. The chaplains were to officiate both for the living and the dead, under the rules of St. Augustine. Ralph de Lymersi, the grandson of the first proprietor, left an only daughter, named Mabella, sole heiress to his estates, who espoused Sir Roger de Tycheburna, Lord of Tichburne, in the county of Hants, in the time of King Stephen and Henry II. The estate continued in the possession of the noble famUy of Tichborne till after the middle of the last century, when the direct ancestor of the present young baronet sold it to George Stanley, Esq.2 (1) I am indebted to our great Hampshire sculptor, instinctively leads the student from the grand phenome- Mr. Lucas, for the following very interesting note on non to its sublime Creator, alike is this experience felt Black Gang Chine : from the softest dulcet sigh of the balmy summer's eve "Tower of the Winds, Chilworth, Nov. 12, 1867. — to the maddest roar of ocean's sublimity. It was on When I understood that your skill was to be shown in a Black Gang Chine on a summer's night that I realised history of the Isle of Wight, it occurred to me that the in the fullest extent the fact that locality has as much point of view from which 1 survey it might have some influence on the sensations of the mind as diet has — and interest with you and others, especially as it was on I selected this spot, and with a calm mind and a purified Black Gang Chine that I had one of my most body, I endeavoured to separate the spirit from its tene- pleasant experiences. One of the motives that induced ment of clay : the thin soil of the locality and its pure me to build this lofty tower, was that my look-out might exhalations become almost food for spirit : here laid due be the whole expanse of the Isle of Wight, and with this north and south, and gazing long and intently upon the Garden of England am I now quite familiar; from the Pleiades, you become enraptured with sublimity; your Needles to the Foreland and St. Helen's I pass along its spirit soars into space, all its faculties sublimated ; the beautiful undulations and its towns, woodlands, its bays body and this poor earth become of small account ; new aud headlands, Osborne, and the sea, and the sails upon and grander systems unfold themselves to our own it that seem almost instinct with life, — all this is like a glorious spirit, which under this influence comprehends map as here laid out to my ardent gaze, aud sometimes at a glance new creations, new organizations, a fuller bathed in sunlight gold or spotted with the fleeting comprehension of that Divine excellence and those shadows of fantastic clouds. Or in the storm I hear the wondrous diversities, that while the spirit is clogged wilh roar of the mighty tempest making such bursts of noble, the matter of the body we have no comprehension of. terrible harmony that move the mind to rapture. To My spiritual experiences are written in my book; who is the gentle and inquiring student of nature there is a song there that will gainsay them ? If there be those, it only in every breeze of the wind, and a melodious voice in the proves that they are earthy ; they came from it ; will motion of every leaf : the gamut of nature's harmonies return to it, and never will get beyond it. Let them extends throughout the whole range of motion, and in this worship Johanna Southcof t or the Davenport Brothers." grand gamut is everywhere a suggestive language that (2) Adam, in his " Garden Isle," says, " The oratory 80 A GENERAL HISTORY OF The Needle Rocks. " The Needles " are in the parish of Freshwater. Before we reach them we shaU have to pass the Freshwater Cliffs, which are 3 miles in length, and form a succession, of chalk precipices from 400 to upwards of 600 feet in height The western portion of these cliffs is the -loftiest, and is known as the " Main Bench," 617 feet in height. Their base all along is worn into caverns and ledges, arches and pUlars. The " Needle Ilocks " are five in number, but only three of these are conspicuous. There was formerly another rock, caUed " Lot's Wife " by the sailors, which stood out alone, rising from the sea, like a spire, to the height of 120 feet. It gave the name of the Needle Rocks to the group, and feU with a mighty crash in 1764. The Trinity House, in 1858, caused a lighthouse to be erected on the outer part of the westernmost of the Needles, which .was previously cut down close to the water's edge. The Ughthouse is about 100 feet high from the base to the top of the ball, and has only one light. During fogs a beU is rung by mechanical agency, and this may be heard at a distance of five miles. Yarmouth. Charters. THE TOWN OF YARMOUTH. Yarmouth is situated at the mouth of the western Yar, on a low sandy shore opposite the Lymington coast. It is 4 miles from that town, 10J from Newport, and 12i from Cowes. The parish includes 143 acres. There is an annual fair on the 25th of July, and a weekly market held on Friday. Its first charter was granted by Baldwin de Redvers in 1135, and in this the town is styled Eremouth. The name of Yarmouth does not occur untU the charter con ferred by King James L, and in this the place is alluded to as " Eremue alias Yar mouth." The town stUl annually elects its mayor and twelve burgesses, and until the Reform BUI of 1832 it had the privilege of returning two representatives to parliament. The mace of the borough was formerly the hand sceptre of King Charles H. The town was once of considerable extent, and its port much frequented by coasting vessels. . It was burnt by the French in 1337, and again in 1544. After the latter event Henry VIII. erected at the eastern extremity of the harbour a round fort, and called it " Yarmouth Castle." This was repaired and strengthened in 1855, and has a platform of four guns: On the west bank of the river are two small forts, the "Victoria" and "Albert," garrisoned by the Isle of Wight ArtUlery. The Town Hall is the only pubUc buUding in Yarmouth, and is a brick house. Over the entrance is the foUowing inscription : — " a.d. 1764. In the fourth year of the reign of his present Majesty, King George III, this hall was rebuUt by Thomas Lord Holmes, Governor of the Isle of Wight. Benjamin Lee, Esq., Mayor." was in existence in 1349, but probably soon afterwards perished." This, however, was not the case, as a priest, St Anthony Gager, was chaplain there in 1532, and had £S a year for his stipend. When such foundations were in evident danger, and their endowments confiscated, one of the family, William Tichborne, acted as warden of the chapel and received the revenues without finding a priest, or having service celebrated there. Thus it was in the reign of Edward VI., and by this means the lands happily escaped seizure by the Crown as chantry lands. YiURMOHJTIEI , IS3LJE THE ISLE OF WIGHT. 81 When Sir Robert Holmes was governor of the island he resided at Yarmouth, and built a large mansion, now the " George Inn." In 1671, and again in 1675, Charles II. was entertained by Sir Robert at this house.1 The king's first visit was in July of 1671, and he was accompanied by James Duke of York and the gallant Prince Rupert. The royal party landed in Gurnard Bay, and made use of the new road through Parkhurst Forest, on their way to Yarmouth. A good picture of Yarmouth is given in an earlier part of this history. YARMOUTH TO SHORWELL. Between Yarmouth and Calbourne we may pass through Shalfleet, a parish which Shalfleet. consists of 6,623 acres. The advowson of this living now belongs to the Lord Chancellor. Calbourne parish includes the hamlet and chapelry of Newtown, and consists of Caibonme. 6,397 acres. The church is dedicated to All Saints.2 Shorwell is an inland village, and lies in a valley. It is 5 miles south-west of Newport, 12 south-west of Ryde, 2 miles north-east of Brighstone or Brixton, and 7 north-west of Niton. A costume is shown in a monument to the memory of Mrs. Bampfield, in shorwell Shorwell Church, at the date of 1615. The figure is clad in the light head-veil of the time of Elizabeth, the point-lace ruff, the jerkin, the hanging sleeves, and (1) Yarmouth Church is dedicated to St. James, and is ' I find his name also in the register. situated in the High Street, opposite the town hall. It " The earliest registers are most legible, those of the ;onsists of a nave, chancel, aisles, and a small chapel 17th century are almost obliterated." near the chancel. In 1831 it was thoroughly repaired, (2) For the following list I am indebted to the Rev. chiefly at the expense of the late D. Alexander, Esq. C. W. Wilson : — I am indebted to the Rev. John Blackburn for the following information :- A Uit of Eectora of Calbourne. " Yarmouth Rectory, Nov. 22, 1867. — I have closely Dr. Hamton, appointed 1599. examined the church registers and monuments with some Rev. Arthur Price, appointed 1616, died 1638. success. The registers for baptisms, burials, and mar- Dr. Hopton Sydenham. riages all begin in 1614. I see no entry of the death or Rev. Daniel Evance, intruder at the Revolution, died burial of Sir Robert Holmes, but on a celebrated monu- 1652. ment in the church is an inscription in Latin to his Rev. Mr. Buckler, appointed 1652. memory. No mention is made in the registers of any Bev. Neville Heath, appointed 1671, died 1686. interment in the church, but I find the following in the Rev. Benjamin Williams, appointed 1686, died 1722. register: — Rev. Thomas Terrell, appointed 1722, died 1739. '"1648. Mr. William Hyde was buried the 23rd of Rev. Edward Beacon, appointed 1739. May.' (No other.) Rev. John Fisher, appointed 1766 or 67, died 1787. " But on a tombstone in the centre of the church is Rev. Edmund Poulter, appointed 1787. inscribed as follows : — Rev. Matthew Woodford. "'William Hide died the 21 May, 1648. Hon. and Rev. Thomas de Grey, appointed 1808-9. " ' Mary Hyde, his wife, died April 19th, 1660. Rev. Thomas Woodrooffe, appointed 1832, died 1845. " ' Also the son of the above William and Mary Hide.' Bev. Robert Sumner, appointed 1845, died 1851. " Peter Priaulx is the first funeral recorded in the Rev. John S. Utterton, appointed 1851, died 1853. church : he is described as of Southampton, gent, 15 June, Rev. Arthur M. Hoare, appointed 1853, died 1863. ig44,_ Rev. C. W. Wilson, appointed 1863. " The Btone is in the chancel. —October 4, 1867. M 82 A GENERAL HISTORY OF THE ISLE OF WIGHT. elegant wristband ; and over all is a long, loose robe, ample enough to envelop the whole person. We cannot conclude the History of Hampshire in a better way than by giving FuUer's true description of it : — Hantshire. " A happy country in the four elements, if culinary fire in courtesy may pass for one, with plenty of the best wood for the fuel thereof. Most pure and piercing the air of this shire ; and none in England hath more plenty of clear and fresh rivulets of troutful water; not to speak of the friendly sea, conveniently distanced from London. As for the earth, it is both fair and fruitful, and may pass for an expedient betwixt pleasure and profit; where by mutual consent, they are moderately accommodated. " INDEX OF NAMES. A'ames with theprefix "Be" will befoundunder the letter " B." Aas, i. 120 »., 334-337 ; ii. 187 «., 207«., 232 ; iii. 224 Abarrow, ii. 112 «. Abbot, i. 131 ; iii. 38, 294, 295 Abhot, iii. 144, 173 Abdy, ii. 337 n, Abel, ii. 301 ». Abercromby, ii. 334 Abergavenny, ii. 349 ; iii. 157 Abin, ii. 164 n. Abney, ii. 361 Abraham, iii. 241 Ace, ii. 232 Achard, or Acharde, iii. 165 «., 271 «., 275 «. Acbemore, iii. 263 «. Aclye, iii. 212 Aeon, ii. 187 Acrew, iii. 311 n. Aoton, iii. 46, 238 Adam, Atte Ford, ii. 38 — Atte Beche, iii. 241 Adams, Sup. 5 n., 11 »., 79 n. : iii. 340 ; Sup. 68, 69 n. Addington, i. 208 Addison, ii. 142 n., 213 n. Adelwalch, Rex, Sup. 26 ; Adelwoldns, i. 266 n. ; Adulphus, Rex, i. 64 «., 70, 145 Adkins, "William, i. 189 Adlam, iii. 159 iEdilvalch, ii. 159«. ; .ffigilberht, i. 108 «., 109 »., 110, 148; JElfetb, ii. 49; -Sllfgiva, or ^Elfgyfa, i. 138 »., 316 ; Mliheah, i. 114, 149, 151 ; iii. 162; JElfhere, ii. 251 ». ; iElfric, i. 128 ; ii. 25, 58,160,167, 187 ». ; iii. 296 ; 2Elf- sige,i. 308; iElfweard, ii. 162; .331f- wine, i. 151 ; ii. 162, 251 »., 252 n. ; ififlla.iii. 205 ; ^Isear, ii. 162; .SEtbel- fleda, i. 311 ; -3Lthelgar, or Algar, i. 307, 308, 310; -Slthelheard, i. Ill, 151; ^Ethelm, ii. 58; mhelstan ^Jtheling, i. 138 »., 139 »., 313; ii. 73 ; iEthelwold, ii. 58; withered, ii. 238 ». ; iii. 239 Aeteleye, iii. 307 Aeth, ii. 276 Agelwyn, i. 134 «. ; Agemund, iii. 8, 9 AgoerHng, ii. 213 n. Agore, iii. 289 Agricola, Sup. 10 Agulon, Aguollon, Aguyllon, or Aquil- lon, see also D' Agulon, ii. 191, 213 m. ; iii. 57, 116, 117, 183, 311 Ailett, i. 411 Ailmer, iii. 320 n. Airy, Sup. 25 Aitken, Hill, Hind, or Aotyen, iii. 346 Alan, i. 332 n. ; 213 n. Alban, i. 185 n. Albert, Prince Consort, Sup. 21, 43, 46, 51»., 60, 61, 62«.,74 Alblaster, ii. 27 Alboin, ii. 252 n. Albold, iii. 321 Alcminus i. 113 n. Alcock, ii. 115 Aldhelm, i. 108 »., Ill, 148 Aldis, iii. 272 Aldred, i. 149 ; ii. 73 Aldrich, or Aldrycne, ii. 11 ; iii. 10 Aldworth, iii. 236, 237 Aldyngbourne, iii. 243 Alen, iii. 279, 290 Alestanus, i. 267 n. ; iii. 206 Alexander III., the Pope, ii. 172, 268 ; iii. 129 n. ; IV., iii. 88 ; VI. i. 109 Alexander III. of Scotland, ii. 205 Alexander, ii. 73 ; iii. 240, 286 ; Sup. 81 n. Alfhelm, ii. 161 ; Alfin, ii. 161 n. ; Alf- noth, i. 308 ; Alfred, King, i. 48 «., 71 n., 113, 138 »., 146, 147, 200, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 312, 316, 329, 331 »., 341, 342 »., 343 ; ii. 2, 6, 7, 24 »., 58, 73, 76, 146, 238, 239 ; iii. 239, 309 ; Sup. 26 ; Alfred, i. 310, ii. 24, 25; Alfsius, i. 114; Alfstanus i. 135 n. ; Alfwine, i. 388, 407 ; ii. 106, 107 «., 162, 162 ». ; Alfwold, i. 149 ; Alfymus, i. 72 «., 114 Algar, or Alger, ii. 168, iii. 158 Algarsife, iii. 121 Alhferth, i. 112, 148, 151 Alhmund, i. 112, 151 Alice, H. R. H., Princess, Sup. 76 n. Alienor, Queen, iii. 333 Alif, iii. 220 n. Alisandre, Alisaundre, or Alysandre, ii. 232, 233, 350 n. ; iii. 210 »., 211 n. 212, 225 Aliz, ii. 270, 277 Allectus, ii. 149, 150, 151 ; iii. 203 ; Sup. 16 Allen, i. 163 n. ; iii. 71, 289 Allesoppe, or Alsop, i. 209 ». ; iii. 45 Almayn, iii. 153 Alne, iii. 158 n. Alnod, iii. 62 »., 110, 113; Alnoth, i. 308 Alphege, iii. 162 Alsi, ii. 107 ». ; iii. HO, 113, 157, 163, 208 n. Alsuitha, i. 307, 310, 312; Altfrid.i. 403; Alured, ii. 192; iii. 62«., 208 n., 218 ; Aluric, iii. 8, 9, 11, 11 n., 20 n., 62»}., 91, 96, 110, 114 »., 168, 205 »., 269, 272, 273, 323 ; Alwara, i. 134 n. ; iii. 350 ; Alward, iii. 323, 324 ; Alwi, iii. 293 ; Alwm, or Alwyn, i. 64 »., 70, 71, 72 »., 115, 133 «., 134 n, 135 n., 138 »., 139 n., 145, 266, 267 «., 307, 308, 418; ii 49, 162; iii. 168; Al- wold, iii. HI n. Alwine, or Walweyne, i. 205 Amasa, iii. 109 n. Ambrose, ii. 297 Ambrosius, i. 382, 383, 384, 385, 386 n. ; iii. 182 »., 204 Amery, iii. 251 Amgaunt, iii. 318 Amherst, ii. 1 Amory, or Damory, ii. '242 Amyatt, ii. 327, 341 Andreas de Londonia, i. 1 29 Andxebodus, i. 267 n. Andrew, i. 118, 304». ; ii. 293; iii. 63, 117, 143, 239 n. Andrewes, or Andrews, i. 126, 338, ; ii. 20, 21 »., 116, 126, 153, 154, 155, 299, 336 »., 339, 359, 362; iii. 176 »., 245, 245 «., 312, 320 n. Anlaf, King, i. 941 ; ii. 163 ; iii. 162 Anna, Rex, iii. 161 Anne, Queen, i. 16, 302, 395,406; ii. 119, 121 «., 336, 337; iii. 331, 335 Anne, Queen of Richard II. , iii. 260 , of James I., ii. 304 ; Sup. 37 Anne, i. 274; iii. 128, 139 »., 170, 180, 184 Annemon, Sup. 47 n. Anneys, iii. 101 Anschitil, ii. 166, 352 ; iii. 96, 324 Anselm, i. 331 ¦«., 332 n; iii. 35 «., 36, 37, 86 Anson, iii. 346 Anstey, i. 348 n. ; iii. 311 Antonie, or Antonia, ii. 337 Antoninus, i. 417 n. : ii. 149, 150 ; iii. 191, 197, 199, 199 n. ; Sup. 24 A Paisy, i 173 Aprysse, i. 266, 267 Arasue, iii. 223 Arbuthnot, i. 354 ; ii. 274 Aroadius, iii. 197; Sup. 24, 25 Arche, iii. 172 Archer, iii. 249, 266 Ardelia, ii. 369 Ardwin, ii. 177 Argyll, ii. 282 n. Armenfrid, i. 115 Armstrong, i. 252 n. Arnewe, ii. 350 n. Arnewode, iii. 92 Arnewood, ii. 109 n. Arney, Henry, iii. 92 Arnold, Rex, Sup. 26 Arnold, i. 208 ; ii. 307 n. : Sup. 61 Amove, or Arnowe, ii. 350 n., iii. 319 n. Arsic, iii. 270 n. Arthur, King, i. 24 n., 300, 384, 385, ;-86; ii. 169, 275, iii. 194, 197 204 INDEX. Arthur, Prince of Wales, i 204 «. ; iii. 220, 245 Arthur, Prince, 186 «. Arturagus, ii, 144 «. Arundel, or Arundell, see also, De Arundel, ii. 75, 96, 226, 248, 263, 292; iii. 14, 29, 52, 57,138, 140, 244, 245 »., 329«., 331, 336 Arviragus, ii. 148 n. ; iii. 201 n. Arwald, King, i. 406 Asclepiodatus, i. 296 ; ii. 151 ; iii. 203 , Sup. 16 Ascupart, ii. 275, 337, 360 ; iii. 40 Ase de Ludlow, ii. 232 Ashburn. i. 188 Ashburnham, Sup. 53 Ashburton, ii. 39, 40, 55 ; Sup. 59 n. Ashe, ii. 321, 344 Asheley, ii. 266 Ashfield, ii. 72 n. Ashington, iii. 57 Ashley, iii. 275 n. Asbton, i. 256 Ashtown, ii. 351 Askard, ii. 266 Aslatt, ii. 299 Aspden, ii. 304 Asselyn, iii. 167 Asser, i. 113 n., 155 «., 331 n. Astley, ii. 46 Athel, i. 113 «., 114 n. ; ii. 73, 163; Atbelstan, King, i. 18 «., 33, 64 n., 106 «., 134 n., 135 «., 137 n., 138 «., 145, 267, 283, 310; ii. 3 «., 4, 16, 95 «., 105, 146, 163, 238 ; iii. 108, 163 n. ; Atbelwold, i. 3 «., 10, 18, 62, 95, 96, 98 »., 104, 105, 106, 127, 139 »., 141, 149, 150, 151, 152, 178 «., 182«., 200, 306, 307, 308, 312 Atherley, ii. H27, 333, 343, iii. 53 Athulph, i. 330 n. ; ii. 2, 3, 4, 6, 69 Atkins, iii. 193 n. Atkinson, ii. 90 ; iii. 64, 65, 281, 286 Atkyns, iii. 2, 267 Attecruch, ii. 277 Atte Hummer, ii. 99 n. Attegrene, iii. 273 m. Atte-Hangre, iii. 123. Attemore, or Dummer, ii. 42 ; iii. 26 ' Atte Stroude, ii. 101 Attewater, iii. 211 Attwood, iii. 297 ; Sup. 68 n. Aubreye, iii. 351 Audeley, iii. 46, 59 m., 275, 319 Audrey, i. 128 Augustine, i. 87 «., 182 »., 183 n. ; ii. 265 ; iii. 67, 103, 110 «., 128, 281 ; Sup. 79 Auilf, ii. 166 Aulton, i. 130; iii. 129, 130 Aulus Plautius, ii. 149 Aurelian, i. 368 n. ; ii. 149 Aurelius, 383 n. ; ii. 364 ; iii. 204 Aurigny, ii. 279 n. Austen, i. 85 Austin, ii. 113 n. ; iii. 212, 214 Aveland, i. 321 Avenel, ii. 218 Avery, iii. 125 Avington, ii. 41 Aylesbury, i. 197 Aylif, Ayliffe, or Aylyf, ii. 166, 266 ». ; iii. 178 m. Ayling, ii. 37 Aylmer, iii. 61, 153 m. Aylof, iii. 134 Avlott, iii. 289 Aylward, i. 282 »., 290 «. ; ii. 364 Ayno, iii. 263 n. 2 Aynolf, iii. 215 Ayres, iii. 286 Ayry, iii. 130 n. Azon, 1248, ii. 231, 271 Babinoton, ii. 17 Bache, ii. 109 Backhuysen, ii. 113m. Bacon, Bacoun, orBacun, i. 83, 117, 142 »., 152, 186 m. ; ii. 111. 220, 226, 247, 248, 256, 355 ; iii. 92 »., 97, 132, 158, 337 Badger, i. 190 ; ii. 20 ; iii. 61 n. Baffe, iii. 281 Baftete, ii. 247 Bagge, i. 288 ; ii. 70 Bagseeg, King, iii. 239 Bahuset and Barbenoire, ii. 233 Baigent, 146, 152, 169, 170 ».; iii. 280 Bailey, or Baily, i. 15 m., 24 m., 273 m., 278 »., 281 «., 286 M., 290 »., 293 m., 294 m., 302 «., 305 n. ; iii. 333 n. Baillehuche, ii. 281 Baker, or Bakere, i. 203, 213 n. ; ii. 264, 266, 281 ; iii. 122, 137, 146 „., 266, 285 m., 307; Sup. 43 n. Baldchild, iii. 285 Baldok, iii. 242 Baldot, iii. 10 Baldrus, ii. 54 Baldwin, ii. 167, 172, 173m. ; iii. 25m., 128 Bale, i. 185 n. ; ii. 102 Balfour, ii. 13 Balguy, i. 81, 127 n. Balistarius, ii. 186 ; iii. 269 m. Ball, i. 26 «., 157 »., 158 »., 159 m., 162 »., 164 m., 166 «., 167 167 m., 169 «., 171 «., 172, n., 175 «., 180 »., 189 ; iii. 295, 295 n. Ballard, i. 190; iii. 286 Balvoir, ii. 267 Bampfield, i. 375 ; Sup. 31 Banbury, i. 81 ; ii. 43 n. Bandinel, i. 208 Bandon, i. 210 n. Banestre, iii. 153 Banister, Banjstre, or Bannister, ii. 312 »., 254; iii. 52 Banks, i. 190 Bansal, iii. 217 Barbauld, Sup. 52 n. Barbe, iii. 246 ». Barber, Barbyr, Barbor, or Barbour, i. 376 : ii. 198 m., 219, 231, 272, 277; iii. 153, 176 Barbet, ii. 231 Barbitre, i. 285 m. Barclav, i. 139 m., 290 n., ii. 43 m. Bardolph, ii. 103, 104; iii. 118, 128 Barefiete, iii. 184 Baret, iii. 153 Barfoote, ii. 291 n. Barford, Sup. 39 Bargognoni, iii. 123 M. Bargrave, iii. 264 Barnaul, ii. 369 n. ; iii. 158 Baril, ii. 333, 353 Baring, i. 208, 364 ; ii. 67 ; iii. 41, 157, 295 m. Barington, i. 362 n. Barker, i. 190, 395; iii. 229; Sup. 59 m. Barkstead, ii. 351 Barlow, or Barlowe,i. 164, 339, 340,415; ii. 11, 50, 51, 52, 52 ». 154, 327 n. Barnacke, i. 204 Barnaid, i. 208 ; ii. 45, 263 m. Barnes, i. 210 «., 290 n., 318, 319 ; iii. 297 Barratt, i. 188 Barraud, iii. 103 Barrow, or Barrowe, iii. 133 n., 301 ».j Sup. 75 Barter, i. 178 »., 188, 205 Bartlett, i. 351 Barton, i. 164 n. ; Sup. 39, 42 Bartue, ii. 50, 51 Basa, the, iii. 208 Basing, or Basynge ; see also De Bas ing, i. 74 »., 107 m. ; ii. 22 «. ; iii. 241 m. Baskett, ii. 284 n. Basset, Bassat, or Bassett, i. 188; ii. 104, 104 M., 122, 201 m., 202 »., 204, 222,227 m.; iii. 213, 214, 214 »., 216, 258 »., 268, 299, 325 Bansigron, ii. 303 Bastard, iii. 182 Bastbrig, iii. 45 Batcheler, ii. 321 Batell, ii. 39 Bateman, ii. 133, 344 Bates, iii. 320 n. Bath, see also De Bath, i. 78 ; iii. 220, 301 Bathurst, i. 207 ; iii. 290 Batt, ii. 131, 360, 361, 377; iii. 131 Batten, or Battin, iii. 40, 159, 343 Battershall, iii. 354 Baudet, ii. 226 ; iii. 141 Baur, i. 304 n. Bavaria, iii. 186 Bave, iii. 140 Baxter, ii. 319 Baydel, iii. 211 Baylie, i. 206 ; ii. 281 Baynard, ii. 199 n. ; iii. 194, 206 207, 689 Baynbryge, ii. 286 n. Beach, James, i. 191 Beacham, i. 170 Beacon, Sup. 81 n. Beadle, iii. 297 Beadon, ii. 115 Beagmund, ii. 238 n. Beamont, ii. 30 Bear, or Beare, i. 417 ». ; ii. 34, 96 n. Beauchamp, see also De Beauehamp, i. 312; ii. 65, 104, 214, 244, 248 »., 251, 260 Beaufort, Cardinal, i. 59, 61 m , 68, 74, 76, 123, 127 »., 146, 149, 152, 185, 216, 217, 222, 227, 228, 229, 230, 234, 235, 238, 239, 241 «., 379; ii. 77, 88 »., 253, 254, 255, 257 267; iii. 153; Duke, i. 68, 69: iii. 350 m. Beaufoy, i. 389 Beaugraunt, iii. 72 Beaulieu, ii. 19; iii. 85, 87, 88 Beaumont, i. 77 Beche, i. 189 Beck, or Becke, iii. 161 n., 174 Becket, Thomas a, i. 87, 106 n., 169 18G »., 199, 225 «., 246 »., 271 ».. 297, 314, 332 u. ¦ ii. 17,i „., 187 „.', 220, »., 261, 350; iii. 119, 129 «., 265, 333, 337 Beckford, iii. 252 n. Beckhild, ii. 251 n. Beckington, Bekington, or Beckyni.on. i. 183 m., 185, 188, 207 ; ii. 94, 255 «., 374 ; iii. 169 Beconshaw, Beconshawe, or Bekinsau, ii. 112m., 124 m., 290; iii. 154,154m., 156, 157, 280, 292 n. Bedel, or Bedell, i. 188, 207; iii. 21L 212 INDEX. Bedford, i. 226 n. ; ii. 66, 67, 79 »., 99 «., 253 ; iii. 14, 29 »., 32, 75, 87, 184 «., 253 n. Beech, iii. 254 Beely, i. 190 Beere, iii. 53 Beeston, i. 167, 191, 206 ; iii. 52 Behr, i. 210 ; ii. 36 Bekensawe, iii. 292 m. Beket, Thomas, iii. 153 Bekingham, iii. 261 Bekyngham, ii. 129 Belin, iii. 323 Bell, or Belle, i. 339; ii. 330; iii. 269, 269 m., 314 n. ; Sup. 63 Bellair, iii. 246 m. Bello, or Bellow, i. 312, 338 Bemerton, i. 16 m. Benam, iii. 291 Benbridge, ii. 88 Benedict X., i. 115 Benet, or Benedict, i. 104 n. ; ii. 4 «., 6, 220 m. ; iii. 131 n. Benger, ii. 311 Beuham, iii. 289, 291 Bennet, or Benet, i. 241 , ii. 293 n., 326 m., 332; iii. 276 Benning, see also De Bendenges, iii. 301 Benny, i. 287 n., 290 n. Benter, ii. 223 Bentham, i. 407 ; ii. 345 Bentle, or Bentley, ii. 35, 329 n. ; iii. 311 n. Beohrtrie, King, i. Ill n. ; ii. 163; iii. 68 Beornere, ii. 238 m. Berchering, iii. 304 Berenger, ii. 125 ; iii. 123 m. Berger, ii. 281 Berkeley, or Barkeley, see also De Berkeley, i. 405 ; ii. 20, 42, 65 »., 254, 255 m.. 258, 258 m., 369 n. : iii. 14, 57 »., 92, 101, 138, 139, 139 »., 140, 145, 246, 259, 260, 263, 331 ; Sup. 53 Berle, i. 130 Bermingham, i. 353 Bernard, or Barnarde, i. 205; ii. 73, 217 m., 281 m., 358, 358 m., 364; iii. 52, 130 n., 141, 153, 155 ».. 168 m., 213, 213 m., 284 Berner, Berners, Bernes, or Barnes, ii. 217 »., 355 m. ; iii. 27, Bernest, ii. 281 Bernevall, see also, De Eernevill, iii. 73, 84 Bernium, Sup. 26 Bernwine, i. 406 Bertham, iii. 284 m. Berfchon, i. 361, 361 m., 364, 365 Bertie, ii. 43 n. ; iii. 64, 295 n. Berton, i. 228 n. Bertulfus, i. 113 m., 114 n. Bertwald, i. 399 Bery, iii. 289 Besant, ii. 278 Besil, iii. 271 Bethel, i. 308, 312 Bethune, Rev., iii. 207 Bettesthorne, see also De Bettesthorne, i. 405 ; iii. 9, 138 Bettesworth, ii. 323, 323 n. ; iii. 146 m., 178, 320 m., 321 ». Bettys, ii. 20 Beverley, iii. 266 Bevis of Hampton, ii. 3 ,«., 63, 115, 164 «., 165 »., 259, 273, 337, 355, 360 ; iii. 40 \ Bewley, i. 267 \ Bewrarde, see Burrard Beynard, iii. 147 m. Beynham, iii. 177 n. Bica, ii. 57, 58 Bicknell, or Biknell, ii. 38 ; iii. 344, 345 Bifelde, see Byfield Bigbrook, ii. 260 Bigg, i. 205 ; iii. 238 », Bigout, iii. 214 n. Bill, ii. 336 m. ; iii. 342 Bilson, i. 125, 204, 206, 207 Bindon, ii. 60 Biner, ii. 9 Bingham, i. 191; ii. 70, 71; iii. 58, 353 Birch, i. 356 Bird, iii. 176 m., 288 Birinus, i. 49, 50 n., 64 m., 103, 104, 108, 110, 211 n., 145, 150, 152, 182 n., 247 m. Biron, iii. 193 Birston, i. 409 Birt, ii. 87 «., 359 ; iii. 52 Biset, or Bisset, ii. 104 »., 122, 222, 223, 278 ; iii. 25 n. Bishop, Bishopp, or Bisshop, i. 184 m., 190 ; ii. 99, 99 „. ; iii. 132, 289, 294 m. Bisse, i. 207 Bissel, iii. 147 Bisterne, iii. 138, 145 Blachebiert, i. 285 n. Blachford, see also De Blaskeford, Sup. 61 Blackburn, Sup. 81 m. Blackmore, or Blakmore, i. 170, iii. 218 Blackstone, i. 83, 190 Blackwood, Sup. 70. Blaeow, iii. 280 Blagrave, iii. 253 Blaine, Sup. 38 n. Blake, i. 282 n., 290 n. ; ii. 13 ». 219, 323, 323 n. ; iii. 56, 135, 173, 176, 177, 177 n., 178, 344 Blakelowe, iii. 44 Bland, Margaret, i. 393 n. ; ii. 64, 112 Blantyre, i. 413 Blaunchard, iii. 167, 180, 278, 330 Bleda, iii. 323 n., 332 Blessington, iii. 207 Bligh, ii. 340 Blincon, iii. 177 m. Blizard, i. 376 Bloet, or Bloiet, ii. 72, 227 M., 365 n. ; iii. 206 Blomefield, i. 244 n., 257 n., 266 n. Blondel, or Blondell, ii. 40 ; iii. 311 n. Blore, i. 101 «., 146 ; ii. 109 M. Blount, i. 392 ; ii. 23, 286, 333 ; iii. 13 Bloxam, i. 41 »., 98 n. Bludworth, ii. 91 Bluet, or Bluett, iii. 183, 194, 207 Blunden, or Blundon, alias Blundell, ii. 40, 40 »., 189, 190 ; iii. 82, 142, , 223, 227 »., 228, 234, 238 «. Blundus, ii. 231 Blyth, iii. 73 Boald, iii. 206 Bobeur, ii. 217 n. Booking, i. 284 n. Bodeham, ii. 126 Bogue, iii. 353 Bohemia, Queen of, ii. 21 Bohun, see also De Bohun, ii. 72 n. ; iii. 319 Boileau, iii. 160 n. Boit, i. 363 Bold, or Bolde, i. 207 ; iii. 342 Boles, see also Bowles, i. 78, 190 ; iii. 312, 313 Boleyn, Anne, i. 392 ; ii. 276, 353 Bolla, iii. 8 Bolland, iii. 146 Bolle, i. 404 Bolre, iii. 161 Bolton, i. 302 n. ; ii. 39, 46, 55, 99 «., 327 ; iii. 40, 183, 235, 236, 238, 247, 255, 256, 257, 268, 285 n. Bona, i. 23 ». Bonaparte, ii. 134 n., 169 Bonaventure, ii. 318 «. Bond, or Bonde, i. 160; ii. 117, 126, 327, 354 Bondi, ii. 54 Bonedych, iii. 214 m. Bonbam, ii. 55 Bonhayt, or Bonheit, ii. 204, 276, 304 Boniface, i. 398, 399, 400, 401, 4C2 ; iii. 26 Bonner, ii. 84, 85 Bonville, or Bonevyle, see also De Bonvile, iii. 244, 244 n. Borard, iii. 105, 127 Borde, i. 208; ii. 113 Bordene, iii. 271 «. Borhunt, see De Borhunt Borough, iii. 263 Boseawen, ii. 99 m. Bosell, iii. 286 Bosse, iii. 119 Bostook, or Bostok, ii. 84 n , 253 Boswell, or Boyell, iii. 282, 286 Boteler, Botiler, or Bottelers, ii. 1 1, 72 M. ; iii. 211, 330 Botreaux, iii. 47, 294 m. Boucher, i. 350 m., 416 ; ii. 51 n. Bouke, i. 186 m., 188 Boulogne, ii. 181 «. Bourne, i. 85, 208, 375, 376, 379, 380, 404, 405 ; iii 221 Boutell, i. 57 n., 73 m. ; ii. 123 Boveiate, iii. 271 n. Bower, iii. 52 Bowey, ii. 290 Bowland, i. 75, 275 Bowles, i. 82, 208, 254, ,369 n. ; iii. 44, 58 Bowman, i. 189 Bowreman, iii. 156 Bowsell, iii. 282 Boxall, i. 204 Boyle, iii. 235 «., 236 Boys, iii. 122 Brabant, Duke of, ii. 179 ». Bracebridge_, ii. 311, 312; iii. 126 n. Brachiator, i. 285 n. Bracton, ii. 201 Bradburn, or Bradburne, i. 173 ; iii. 176, 176 m. Bradeshute, iii. 316 Bradeway, iii. 9 Bradford, ii. 84 Bradley, ii. 326 n. Bradsbaw, i. 77, 207 Brady, i. 271 «., 272 »., 279 »., 320, 321 Bragg, or Bragge, i. 208 ; iii. 344. Braithwaite, i. 179, 188, 204, 209 ». iii. 146 Bramston, ii. 78; iii. 268 Brand, i. 113 m. ; ii. 301 n. ; iii. 14G Brande, iii. 218 Brander, iii. 94, 95 m., 103, 107, 136 Brandon, iii. 13 m. Brandwirchte, i. 285 m. Brantham, iii. 74 Branthwaite, iii. 146 ». Brantingham, ii. 244 Branwaldr, iii. 108 n. INDEX. Brasour, iii. 319 n. Brathwaite, iii. 146 n. Bray, see also De Bray, ii. 43, 105, 350 m., 263 ; iii. 245, 245 m., 262 n. ; iii. 275 n. Braybef, see also DeBraibeuf, iii. 269 n. Breamore, ii. 205, 206 Breay, iii. 290 Breilyf, iii. 328 Brember, ii. 81, 82 Brennus, i 383 ; ii. 148 m. Brent, ii. 34, 35. Brereton, i. 170 ; iii. 139 Brerewood, 251 m. Breton, ii. 356 Brett, ii. 91 ; Sup. 54 n. Brettell, Sup. 44 m., 67 m Bretun, iii. 187 Brewe, de, iii. 153 Brewer, i. 260 ».; ii. 88 Brewosa, ii. 221 Brexton, i. 77 Bricthwinus, i. 266 n. Brictoic, ii. 49 Bridehead, iii. 147 Brideoake, ii. 133 Bridge, i. 176 n. Bridgeman, iii. 282 Bridges, or Brvdges, i. 16, 20 ; ii. 33, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 46 «., 47, 48, 72 »., 77 m., 98 Bridport, i. 210 n. Briesmar, ii. 166 Briewere, iii. 215 n. Brigge, ii. 72 n. Briggs, i. 334 Brihtmar, i. 308, 310 Bribtric, ii. 163, 240 n. Brihtwold, i. 114, 128, 151, 308, 310 Brindley, i. 371 Brinstan, i. 151, 247 n. Brinton, ii. 359 Brion, Sup. 42 n. Briston, 8 ; Sup. 8 Brithelrn, or Brightholm. i. 114, 151; ii. 3, 37 Brithnoth, i. 105 m., 128, 149 Brito, ii. 186 m. ; iii. 155 Brittany, ii. 260 n. Briwer, Briwere, Briere, Bruyere, or Brewer, ii. 103, 104, 174, 175, 176, 180 »., 185, 186 «., 189, 202 n., 203 m., 270 ; iii. 24, 25, 26, 27, 80, 115, 115 m., 128, 165, 166, 216 n., 240, 306, 334, 335 Brocas, or Brakays, ii. 255 n. ; iii. 213 m., 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 305 Brochet, iii. 222 Brock, i. 417 m. ; ii. 96 Brodehorn, ii. 263 Broke, i. 130 ; ii. 260 Bromeley, ii. 309 Bromfield, or Broomfield, iii. 52, 134 n., 146 m., 147 m. ; Sup. 75 m. Bromley, i. 79 Bromton, i. 301 »». Brond, ii. 70, 73 Brondore, iii. 9 Brooke, iii. 93, 178 n., 193 «., 322 Brooker, i. 252, 342 n. Brooks, i. 334 Brougham, Sup. 33 Broughton, iii. 181, 182, 280 Brous, iii. 188 Brown, or Browne, i. 208, 361, 365, 366; ii. 12, 42 m., 96 m., 115, 204, 265; iii. 131 «., 135, 136, 227, 229, 268, 269, 345 4 Brownin, or Browning, ii. 87 ; iii. 86 Broxholme, i. 312 Brace, ii. 327 Bruges, or Brugge, ii. 41, 42, 43, 43 ». ; iii. 246 Brune, or Bruyn,i. 73 n. ; iii. 13, 13 «., 119, 273 m. Brunei, ii. 345 Brimton, ii. 92 m. Brus, iii. 302 Brussebon, iii. 189 Brut, ii. 18, 19 ; iii. 312 Bruton, iii. 47, 241 Bryan, ii. 267 ; iii. 47, 251 Brygwynus, i. 311 Brymmore, iii. 13 Bryn, ii. 328 n. Brythwyn, iii. 163 Buccleugh, ii. 99 m. ; iii. 76, 77, 8S Buchard, ii. 202 ». Buche, iii. 149 Buekan, ii. 79 n. Buckhurst, i. 157 n. Buckingham, i. 197; ii. 14 m., 42 «., 43 m., 47, 48, 52, 60, 99 n., 263 ; iii. 319, 341, 342 Buckland, see also De Buckland, i. 208, 403; ii. 37, 211 »., 314 Buckle, 1722, iii. 320 ». Buckler, Sup. 81 n. Buckley, iii. 146 m. Bucknal, iii. 320 Buckshell, iii. 342 n. Budd, i. 252m., 256, 257 n., 348, 369 ; ii. 37 Budden, iii. 154 Budgell, i. 356 ; iii. 256 Bue, i. 207 Bukerel, ii. 201 » Bule, iii. 239 n. •-Bulkeley, ii. 20, 43 m., 113 m. ; iii. 51, 52, 56", 74 «., 132, 134 M., 136, 263 M. BuU, iii. 286 ; Sup. 69 ». Bullar, ii. 354, 363 Buller, ii. 44 n. Bullock, iii. 136 Bullokar, iii. 230 «. Bulpett, or Bullpitt, ii. 33, 33 n. BuncHe, iii. 252 Bundi, iii. 272 Bunsen, i. 365 Burbank, i. 350 Burell, i. 235 n. Buret, ii. 323 Burges, Burgess, or Burgois, i. 207 ; iii. 148, 251 m., 318, 319 n., 340, 344 Burgred, King, ii. 146, 160, 238 Burgundy, i. 121, 358 Burhghard, iii. 309 n. Burislap, King, ii. 160 n., 161 n. Burland, Sup. 60 a. Burle, iii. 12 Burley, see also De Burley, Sup. 52 Burman, iii. 77 Burn, i. 346 u. ; ii. 138, 279 n. Buruell, iii. 185, 223 «., 258 n., 294 n. Burrard, iii. 41, 49, 50, 51, 52, 57, 58 Burrougb, iii. 182 Burroughs, iii. 272 Bursey, i. 410, 411 Burt, or Burte, i. 204, 206, 358 n. ; ii. 291 m. ; iii. 52, 291 Burton, i. 164 «., 184, 188, 193 m., 197, 206, 255, 313; ii. 55, 317; iii. 46, 211 n. Bury, ii. 27 Busby, ii. 36 Bush, Bushe, Busshe, or Bois, ii. 195 ; iii. 302, 338 Cut, ii. 219, 219 m., 367; iii. 72 Butcher, iii. 39 Bute, iii. 95 Buteler, Butiler, Butiller, or Butler, i. 354; ii. 320, 321, 322, 327, 357, 360; iii. 71, 101, 144, 207, 227, 230, 231, 232, 271 »., 290 »., 314 Butter, ii. 301 Buttesthom, or Bettesthorne, see also De Bettesthorne, ii. 226; iii. 138. 139 Button, ii. 110 m.; iii. 52, 56, 58, 58 «., 146, 353 Buxton, iii. 236 By, iii. 52 Byda, ii. 269 «. Bydike, iii. 124 Byflete, i. 225 ». Byles, ii. 319 Bynbisb, iii. 124 Byng, iii. 346 Byrbeke, iii. 185 Bymstan, i. 114, 310 Byrom, iii. 251 «. Byron, Lord, ii. 132, 228, 275 Byset, iii. 130 Bysy, iii. 319 ». Cade, iii. 153 Cadogan, ii. 118 Cadwaladr, son of Cadwallon, i. 406 n. Caesar, Avis, i. 260 m. Caesar, Julius, i. 325 «., 326 ; ii. 96, 237, 302 M. ; iii. 200, 201 »., 204 ; Sup. 5, 6 m., 10 Cager, iii. 285 ». Caius, ii. 280 n. Calamy, i. 346; ii. 30, 321 Caleraft, ii. 1 Caldecot, Sup. 41 Caleys, iii. 62 n. Calf, or Bullock, ii. 179, 180 Callaway, iii. 285 Calle, iii. 202, 223 m. Calley, or Cauley, iii. 235 ». Calliford, ii. 329 m. Calthorpe, ii. 142 n. Calvert, iii. 175, 176 Camball, iii. 121 Cambridge, ii. 250, 251, 252, 266, 282 Cambuscan, iii. 121 Camerarius, ii. 104 n. Cameron, Sup. 70 Camoys (see also De Carney's), iii. 330 Campane, iii. 103 Campbell, i. 147 Campeney, iii. 130 Campion, iii. 51 Cana, iii. 168 n. Cancell, i. 271 m. Canenatre, iii. 215 Canner, iii. 286 Canning, i. 210 n. ; ii. 36. 332; Sup. 32, 35 Cannor, iii. 291 Canper, iii. 286 Canterbury, Abp. of, ii. 190, 197, 198: iii. 59, 81, 99 n. Canterbury, ii. 189, 190, 263; iii. 319 n. Canterton, iii. 10 Canute, King, i. 64 n., 70, 71, 73 ».. 115, 137 «., 138 ,,., 140, 145, 311, 316, 334 »., 342 «., 352 ; ii. 34, 54 «., 58, 89 m., 160 «., 161, 162, 164, 172 »., 233, 337, 346, 347,348; iii. 162, 163, 333 ; Sup. 27 Capel, ii. 68 ; iii. 245 n., 259 Capelayne, Capelin, or Capeiyn. ii 301 m. ; iii. 28] Caper, Sup. 44 INDEX. Caplen, or Caplyn, ii. 301 n. Capon, or Capoi'in, i. 309 ; ii. 109, 265, 356 ; iii. 308 Capye, ii. 218, 219 Caracalla, ii. 150 Caractacus, i. 383; iii. 202 m. Caradog, i. 383 Carausius, ii. 149, 150, 151; iii. 196, 203 m., 280 m. ; Sup. 16 Carbeny, ii. 66 Carbonel, i. 334 Cardif, or Cardeyf, iii. 210 n., 225 Cardigan, ii. 41 Cardwell, i. 208 Carew, Carey, Cary, Carie, or Carreu, i. 392, 393 n. ; ii. 294 m., 295 ; iii. 64, 146, 172, 182, 182 «., 263 m., 290, 341 ; Sup. 31, 32, 75 Carhampton, iii. 66 Carington, ii. 72 n. Carle, iii. 208 m. Carleton, ii. 283 Carlisle, Bp. of,-ii. 202 n. ; iii. 195 Carnac, ii. 339 Carnarvon, i. 159 m. Carnegie, ii. 92 Carpenter, ii. 91, 97, 181 ; iii. 329, 337, 339 Carries:, iii. 146 m. Carter, i. 50 m., 65 m., 175 m., 180 »., 254 m., 415; ii. 120, 267; iii. 277, 301 m. Carteret, ii. 287 Cartwrigbt, ii. 79 n. Cams, i. 144 Carvilius, iii. 201 n. Caryl, ii. 322 Case, ii. 321 ; iii. 220 n. Cashman, Sup. 71 n. Cataline, or Catalyn, iii. 254, 262 Catharine, of Aragon, i. 88 n. ; ii. 368 ; iii. 220 ; — of Braganza, iii. 344 Cathcart, Sup. 32 M. Catwal, i. 400 n. Caunoyll, iii. 124 Cavan, iii. 66 Cave, i. 146 Cawdrey, iii. 215 n. Cawley, i. 259, 260 n. Cazenove, ii. 247 m. Ceadwealla, i. 136 «., 327 n., 406, 407 ; Sup. 26 Ceawlin, iii. 192 Cecil, ii. 256, 280 ; iii. 247, 272 n. Cedda, i. 111m. Celestine, Pope, i. 233 Cenbert, i. 327 ». ; Cenethreth, ii. 238 m. ; Cenwalcb, i. 133 »., 135 n., 136 »., 137 m. : Cenwalh, i. 95, 108 m., 109 »., 110; Cenwulf, i. Ill m., 114, 151; Ceolnotb, i. 112, 113, ii. 146, 238, 240 n. ; Ceolwen, i. 137 m., iii. 309 m. ; Ceolwlf, ii. 146, 238 ; Cerdic, i. 382, 385; iii. 45, 66, 98 «., 197, 205 ; Sup. 26 Chafie, ii. 127, 128 Chalkhill, i. 190 Challoner, ii. 78 Chalmers, ii. 215 Chamberlain, Cbamberlaine, Chamber- layn, Cbamberlayne, Chamberlein, or Cbamberlin, i. 320 n., 412 ; ii. 87 »., 99, 118, 126, 132 m., 211 m., 223, 281, 282, 283, 294 »., 348, 349, 364 Chambers, ii. 287, 324 Champion, or Champiun, iii. 146 M., 334 Chandler, or Chandeler, i. 69 m., 123 v., 183 »., 203, 208, 213 m., 241, 414 ; ii. 291 n. ; iii. 146 re., 227 «.. 286, 290 n. Chandois, or Cbandos, ii. 42, 43, 43 »., 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 98 ; iii. 276 Chantrey, i. 81, 83, 84, 85 Chaplein, iii. 150 n. Chapman, iii. 279 Chapone, ii. 120 Chard, i. 184 n. Cbarker, i. 167 Charles V., i. 300 n. ; ii. 264 Charles I., i. 61 m., 56, 57 n., 60 m., 61 m., 78 m., 91m., 103, 280, 305 »., 393; ii. 14, 75»., 78, 98, 99 m., 292, 306, 312, 316, 318, 338, 343, 353, 360; iii. 30, 50, 64, 130, 146, 156, 221, 229. 247, 248, 250, 253, 280, 322, 342, 343; Sup. 32 m., 34, 35, 36, 37, 44,45, 47»., 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 m., 58, 59, 71. Charles IL, i. 12, 20, 57 m., 76, 88, 91 «., 103, 126, 168 m., 185 M., 202, 244, 273, 280, 293, 302, 305 »., 354, 363 »., 366 m., 377, 412, 414; ii. 22, 41, 78, 91, 99, 117, 126, 136, 262 »., 281, 319, 323, 351 ; iii. 30, 31, 38, 50, 52, 57, 70, 89 m., 132, 134, 156, 175, 188, 192, 231, 344, 345, 354; Sup. 43 m., 56, 59 m., 80, 81 Charles of Mecklenburgh, iii. 346 ; — of Navarre, ii. 249 Charlotte, Queen, ii. 1 n. ; iii. 39, 56, 58 Cbaterton, iii. 341 Chatham, iii. 181 Chaucer, i. 399 n. ; ii. 165 n., 367 ; iii. 101 »., 121, 316 Cbauncey, ii. 361 Chaundeler, i. 414 Chaworth, ii. 104, 204; iii. 180 m. Cheere, iii. 297 Choke, Sup. 34 Chekehull, or Chekenhull, ii. 108, 223, 332«. Chenery, iii. 101 Chenna, iii. 39 Chepe, ii. 25, 26 Cheping, i. 367, 409, 411 ; ii. 7, 58, 61, 93, 166; iii. 206, 272 Chernocke, i. 82, 197, 208 Chester, ii. 173 m. Chetel, iii. 8, 73, 99 Cheyne, iii. 42, 139 Cheyney, i. 80, 131, 188, 206, 389 n. ; iii. 263 Chichele, Abp., ii. 39 m. Chichester, -Bp. of,ii. 190 ; iii. 335 Chichester, Sup. 56 Chidiock, iii. 101, 105, 105 n. Child, ii. 337 m. Chilmark, i. 346 Chollocombe, i. 365 Cholmondeley, iii. 251 n. Chone, iii. 115 Christina, i. 330, 331, 332, 414 Christmas, iii. 272 Churche, iii. 137 m. Churcher, i. 229 ; ii. 102, 109 n. ; iii. 320, 320 m., 321 m. Churchill, ii. 350 n. Churchyard, ii. 87 Chute ii. 78, 114 ». ; iii. 264, 264 »., 265, 282, 290 Cibber, i. 191 n. Ciolwlf, ii. 238 n. Cissa, iii. 205 Cissor, ii. 201 n. Clapham, ii. 60, 61 Clapshaw, iii. 285, 286 Clare, Sup. 57, 76 Clarence, ii. 251 ,,., 252, 260 ; iii. 124, 338 Clarendon, i. 36 n., 49 m., Sup. 32 m. Clarges, iii. 127 »., 134 Clark, Clerk, Clarke, or Clerke, i. 78 h., 131, 173, 190, 262, 366 »., 377, 380; ii. 41, 66, 79, 95, 96 »., 96, 96 »., 97, 101 »., 116, 118, 121, 219, 220 »., 266, 300, 353 ; iii. 51, 87 «., 93, 127, 132, 146 m., 177, 177 »., 185, 220 »., 266, 318, 344, 345 ; Sup. 64 Claudius I., ii. 144 »., 148 »., 149, 150, 364; iii. 45, 201 m. ; Sup. 15, 17 Claudius II., 17, 23, 25 Clavering, i. 375 Claymond, i. 237 »., 241 ; iii. 218 Cleaves, iii. 52 Cleir, i. 188 Clement III., i. 233 ; IV., iii. 224, 225 Clement, iii. 165, 178, 318 Clere, ii. 202 m., 219 m. Cleremonde, ii. 317 m. Clermont, ii. 359 Cleve, i. 186 »., 187, 204 Clifford, iii. 353 Clift, ii. 370 Clifton, i. 260 n. Clinge, iii. 342 M. Clipsham, ii. 254 . Clobery, i. 76, 262, 263 ; ii. 98, 99, 313 m. Clodius, ii. 150 Clopton, iii. 154, 22C m. Clutterbuck, ii. 329 m. Clyffe, i. 190 Cobb, or Cobbe, i. 179, 188, 205, 207, 209 ».; ii. 223, 323 m.; iii. 134 m., 227 m. Cobbett, i. 3 m.; ii. 61 »., 348. 349 ; iii. 19 m., 88 Cobbit, iii. 64 Cobden, i. 197 m. Cobham, ii. 43 n., 47 ; iii. 193 n. Cochrane, Sup. 77 Cock, iii. 282, 282 n. Cockaine, iii. 228 Cockburn, i. 81 Cockel, ii. 220 ; iii. 211 «., 216, 225 Cockerell, iii. 106 Cockerum, iii. 133 ». Cockes, iii. 133 m. Codlam, iii. 291 ». Codric, ii. 93 Coenwlf, ii. 238, 239 Cok, xji Coke, ii. Ill, 207 n. ; iii. 220 n, 224, 224 M. Cola, iii. 11, 151 Colborne, iii. 52 Colbrond, i. 33, 204 m. ; ii. 3 n. Cole, i. 83, 155 n., 169, 190, 364 ; ii. 97, 153, 226; iii. 69, 71, 134 m., 320 n. Coleman, ii. 66 ; iii. 216 Coleridge, ii. 228 ; iii. 96 Coles, i. 89w., 90m., 166m.; iii. 177m., 348 Colet, i. 350 Colgill, or CoHiill, iii. 131, 135, 135 n. Colgrin, iii. 62 m., 65, 78 Colle, iii. 279 Collier, i. 294 M. ; ii. 323 Collingridge, i. 174 »., 175 i., 212 Collins, William, i. 208 ; ii6 »., 174 Collinson, Sup. 12 m., 59 Colman, i. 33 n. ; ii. 191 Colnet, i. 190 ; ii. 121 n. ; iii. 130 ». Colrithe, iii. 298 M. Colson, ii. 96 n. Colt, Miss Clara, i. 413 Colt, George, father of Sir Wm., ii. 1 1 7 Colt, i. 364, 376, 382, Hi; ii. 117, 117 «•; iii. 58, 172 Colyngbyrne, i. 309 INDEX. Comb, i. 82 Comfort, ii. 313 v. Commodus, ii. 149, 150 Compin, iii. 177 m. Complin, ii. 291 n. ; iii. 133 n., 140 Compton, i. 231, 242; ii. 114, 289, 374; iii. 97, 139, 140, 148, 159, 354 Conduit, ii. 99 Connemara, Princess of, ii. 263 n. Conners, iii. 328 n. Connor, Sup. 44 »., 46 n. Conrad, ii. 281 Constable, iii. 124, 158, 267 n. Constans, i. 384 ; ii. 149 ; iii. 203, 204 ; Sup. 17, 25 Constantine, i. 65 n., 92 m., 3S3 n., 384, 406; ii. 146, 149, 156, 276 ; iii. 161, 197, 199 m., 204; Sup. 17, 21 »., 24, 30 Constantius, ii. 149, 151; iii. 199, 203, 204 ; Sup. 16, 25 Cnnweye, iii. 53 Conybeare, ii. 251 Conyers, ii. 200 n. ; iii. 124 Cook, or Cooke, i. 171, 190, 241, 365; ii. 20, 83, 84, 96 n., 129, 256, 312, 323; iii. 50, 57 «., 65, 126 m., 158, 271 m., 276, 307; Sup. 12 n., 13, 27, 28,'38«., 52 m. Cooper, i. 72, 125, 208, 302 n. ; ii. 280; iii. 133, 251 Coote, ii. 275 n., 276 n. Cope, i. 367 m. ; iii. 174, 276, 290, 290 n., 295, 295 M., 296 Copley, iii. 220 n. Coppe, iii. 210 »., 211 m., 212, 225 Coram, ii. 97, 101 n. Corbet, or Corby, iii. 193 m., 259 m. Cordale, iii. 227 Corham, i. 22 n., 174 ; ii. 291 „. ; iii. 30, 227 M. Cormelies, ii. 166 Cornaday, iii. 188 Cornelijs, ii. 339 Cornelius, ii. 311, 312, 318; iii. 178 Corner, i. 268 n. ; Sup. 10 Cornish, i. 157 n. ; ii. 201 n., 317 n. 358 Cornwall, i. 208, 229 ; ii. 214, 254, 365 ; iii. 318 Coronell, ii. 60 Coryat, i. 208 Cosin, iii. 152 Cosyn, ii. 129 n. CoteL or Cotele, ii. 226, 227 ; iii. 187, 225 m. Cottle, ii. 228 Cotton, i. 157 «., 210 n. ; ii. 327 «., 369 m; iii. 132, 177m.; Sup. 47 m. Cottrell, iii. 282 Coudrey, iii. 215 n. Cougoet, ii. 281 Coulthard, iii. 237 Coupere, iii. 286 Courten, ii. 94 Courtenay, Courteney, or Courtney, i. 72, 124, 235, 239 M. ; ii. 87, 94, 99, 101, 253 ; iii. 48, 49, 154, 164 m., 155, 156, 246, 263, 294 m., 331 Courtnell, Sup. 39 Couse, i. 77, 78 Cousins, iii. 52 Coventry, iii. 256 Coward, or Cowarte, ii. 290, 291, 332 Cowdrey, ii. 14 ». ; iii. 215 M., 223, 245 Cowell, i. 265 n. Cowper, i. 366 n. ; ii. 209, 267, 331, 341 ; iii. 230, 320 n. Cowslad, iii. 238 6 Cox, or Coxe, i. 190, 400; ii. 86, 102, 319, 320; iii. 134 Coxed, i. 179, 188, 205 Crabb, or Crabbe, i. 178 m.; ii. 201, 363; iii. 98 m., 99 «., 286 Craft, iii. 277 m. Crake, iii. 177 m. Cramer, Sup. 15, 23 Cranford, iii. 254 Crammer, i. 61 n., 140 n ; ii. 53, 84 m., 285 n., 380, 381, 396 Crapald (? Cuffold), iii. 278 Craven, ii. 92, 92 «., 99 n. Crawford, i. 82 ; iii. 250, 343 Crawl, ii. 3. Crawley, ii. 113 Cray, iii. 159 Cremer, iii. 176 n. Creswel, iii. 146 n Crichelade, ii. 55 Crimble, iii. 281, 281 ,,. Crioll, iii. 337 Croc, or Crock: (see also Crook), ii. 166,167,214, 217, 218, 220, 309; iii. 17 M., 25 «., 163, 168, 267 n. Crofts, iii. 133 n. Cromwell, Oliver, i. 9, 28, 126, 300 m., 301, 321, 322, 338, 352, 362, 365, 377 m., 412, 417, 418 ; ii. 22, 30, 79 n., 98, 111 m., 112, 124 »., 137, 237, 262 «., 283, 300, 301 m., 312 M., 318, 319, 327; iii. 132, 156, 253, 254, 255 ; Sup. 53 ;— Richard, i. 319, 321, 362 ; ii. 67, 96, 100, 319 ; iii. 134 n. Cromwell, Earl of Essex, i. 140 ; ii. 53, 265 M. ; iii. 226, 246 ; Sup. 77 Cromwell, i. 319, 320, 321, 322, 353, 362M.,412;ii. 67, 96, 97, 112, 121 n. ; iii. 51 Crook (see also Croc), i. 394 ; ii. 309, 326, 326 m., 355 n. Crop, or Cropp, ii. 291 n. ; iii. 55 Cross, or Crosse, iii. 214 n., 272, 342 n. Crouchback, i. 57 Croune, ii. 210 Crowe, i. 208 Crozier, Sup. 51 n. Crul, iii. 189 Crutch, iii. 214 n. Cubitt, i. 164; Sup. 61 Cudde, iii. 1 Cudeler, iii. 3 Cufaud, Cuffaude, or Cuffold, iii. 207 n., 233, 234, 251,252. 253, 254 n., 271 %¦; Crapald, iii. 278 Cuggel, iii. 91 n. Cuintel, ii. 190 Culhout, iii. 53 Culme, iii. 178 Culpepper, ii. 45 m., iii. 255, 264 Cummin, ii. 170 Cumming, i. 190 Cunan, ii. 214, 218 Cunebold, iii. 114 Cupe, iii. 214 n. Cupping, ii. 162 Curie, i. 57 v., 60 »., 61 «., 126, 143, 152 Curte, iii. 52 Curtbose, i. 340, 341 Curtis, iii. 159, 353 Curtoys, i. 189, 338 Curwen, iii. 297 Curzon, i. 393 n. Cusande (? Cufaude), iii. 271 n. Custance, iii. 207 Cuthbert, i. 401 ; ii. 268 ;— Cuthred, i. 134 m., 135 «., 136 m. ; ii. 48, 238 Cutler, ii. 122 Cutts, Sup. 32, 50, 51 Cymbeline, ii. 320; iii. 201 n., 202, 204 :— Cyreberht, i. Ill, 112 »., 151, 406, 407 ;— Cynegils, i. 95, 108, 132 ; ii. 2, 4, 6 ;— Cyneheard, i. Ill, 151, 319 ;— Cynewalo, ii. 2, 4, 6, 24, 69 , iii. 161 ;— Cynewulf, i. 319, 322 »., 327 m. ; ii. 159m. ;— Cynric, i. 382m., 385 ; Sup. 26 Dabernounb, iii. 170 Dabrichcourt, Dabridgcourt, Dabridge court, Daubridgcourt, Daubriscourt, Daybridgecourt, or De Abbrichcourt, ii. 253, 253 n., 255, 255 m., 274, 275; iii. 177 m., 181, 193 m., 272, 274, 275, 276, 297 Dacre, ii. 91, 187 n. D' Agulon, De Agulon, or De Aguyllon, ii. 227 «. ; iii. 116, 116 n., 117, 131 Dalbiac, i. 208 Dalbyer, iii. 253, 254 Dalhousie, iii. 87 Daman, i. 364 ; ii. 326 n. ; iii. 235 Damyars, iii. 340 Danby, iii. 124 Dance, ii. 99 D'Andeli, Daundeli,Dandely,Dandley, De Andeli, De Andely, De Aundely, or Dawdely, ii. 74 «., 166, 168, 192, 198 m., 206, 219, 220, 234 ». ; iii. 58, 59 »., 129, 168 Daniel, i. Ill, 148, 151, 401 ».; ii. 174, 175, 176, 177, 179 ; Sup. 26 D'Annabant, iii. 340 Danvers, iii. 46, 329 Danyell, ii. 109 n. Darby, ii. 96 n. Darcey, or D'Arcy, i. 205; ii. 269, 332 M. ; iii. 263 Dare, ii. 314 Darel, DareH, or Dayrell, i. 79, 244 ; iii. 220, 2S8 Dartmouth, iii. 234 Darwin, iii. 93 Dashwood, Sup. 17, 43 n. Daubeny, i. 208 Daukes, Sup. 43 m. Daunger, ii. 271 D'Aussey, ii. 356, 359 Davenport, iii. 236 n. Davev, or Davy, iii. 57 m., 126 n. David, ii. 190, 191; iii. 220 n. Davies, or Davis, i. 85, 214 «., 365 ; ii. 80 ; 127 »., 286 Davison, i. 176, 189, 260 n. Daw, ii. 96 n. Dawkes, ii. 264 m. Dawkins, iii. 246 n. Dawtrey, ii. 261 m., 273, 273 »., 286, 299, 332, 357 M. Day, i. 125; ii. 52m., 326 n.; iii. 193 ».: Sup. 69 «. De Abbotsbury, iii. 128 De Abindon, or Abinton, ii. 227 n ¦ iii. 225 De Air, iii. 209 De Alayn, ii. 27 De Alba Mora, iii. 117 De Albany, iii. 334 De Albemarle, iii. 114, 129 De Albiniaco, ii. 221, 221 n. De Alresford, ii. 232 Dealtry, ii. 110 n. De Amblie, ii. 188, 197, 208 ::., 304 De Amblione, iii. 128 re. Dean, Deane, De Dena, or De Dene\ i. 173, 190, 200 m.; ii. 243 ; in. 82, 135, 153, 172, 214 m., 219 m., 228, 237, 289, 292 n.f 346 INDEX. De Andevere, i. 274 », De Anesya, or Anesye, iii. 270, 270 n. De Anne, i. 274 ; iii. 128, 170, 180, 184 De Anslevile, iii. 99 De Aquila de Dikera, ii. 198 ». De Aquilon, iii. 131 De Argentin, Argentain, or Argentvn. iii. 54, 115 ' De Arley, iii. 329 n. De Arnewood, iii. 92 »., 117 De Arundel, or Arundell, ii. 230, 231, 245, 246, 248, 272, 342; iii. 105 «., 307 De Ashe, ii. 207 n. DoAsser, i. 119, 240 De Aston, i. 309 ; ii. 227 ; iii. 302 Do Attone, ii. 220 n. De Attrabat, ii. 195 De Audele, Audeli, or Audley, iii. 46, 59 »., 319 De Aula, or Hall, iii. 145 m., 155 De Aulton, iii. 129, 130 Do Aumorle, ii. 212 De Aundovere, iii. 175 n. D'Auvergna, ii. 333 De Avene and Tibesley, iii. 270 n. De Avenill, iii. 116 De Ayremynne, iii. 304 De Baddesley, or Badeslie, iii. 12, 12 «., 62 De Badlesmere, iii. 258 m. De Bagehurst, iii. 268 n. De Baggemer, iii. 210 n. De Baliol, ii. 176 n. De Balkeputte, iii. 184 m. Dc Balun, iii. 335 De Barbeflete, or De Shirley, ii. 214, 229, 298, 332 De Bareflet, ii. 303 De Barentin, iii. 299 De Barevill, iii. 310, 315 De Basing, Basyng, Basynge, Basinges, or Basynges, i. 73, 74 n., 87 m., 129 ; ii. 19, 176, 207 n. ; iii. 211, 224, 224 «., 241, 241 n., 283, 284, 331 De Bath, iii. 301 De Bavent, iii. 274 De Bayeux, ii. 123 De Beauchamp, ii. 174 m., 184, 192 m., 204, 214, 215. 227 »., 244, 248, 248 m., 249 m., 250, 255, 256, 257 ; iii. 27, 43, 116, 153, 240, 303 De Beaujo, ii. 19 ; iii. 85 De Beaumont, iii. 312 DeBedek, iii. 119 De Bedestom, Bestestorn, Bettes thorne, Bedestorn, Buceesthorn, Butosthorn, Buttesthom, or Buttes thorne, ii. 225, 226; iii. 9 28, 119, 127, 138, 140 »., 143, 144 De Bek, ii. 269 De Bekmgton, ii. 255 m. De Belaunay, iii. 329 De Bello Aneto, ii. 214, 329 m. De Bendenges, iii. 300, 302 De Benefend, iii. 210 m. De Bensh, ii. 219 De Bere, iii. 324 ». De Bereford, ii. 271; iii. 180, 184 »., 284 De Berkeley, iii. 139 m., 281, 307 De Berlegh, iii. 41 De Bemevill, ii. 182, 220 De Bernowall, ii. 186 m., 201 «., 202 re. De Bertun, iii. 268 n. De Bervezi, ii. 1S5 De Beytun, iii. 318 De Billingsgate, ii. 230 De Blacheford, iii. 149, 150 De Blakedon, ii. 198 n. De Blois, i. 10, 71 »., 72, 94, 106, 116, 128, 137 »., 139 »., 151, 152, 168 n., 159 m., 200, 217 »., 219, 220, 232, 233, 234, 236 »., 238, 239, 309, 319, 332, 364, 378 ; ii. 68 »., 73, 76, 89, 342; iii. 1, 70, 112, 113,350 De Bockinge, iii. 131 De Bocland, or Bockland, ii. 105 ; iii. 92 m., 117, 152, 274 m. De Bohun, ii. 63, 64, 270, 221 m.,224 m. ; iii. 151 m. Do Bokeland, iii. 42 De Bolehuse, ii. 208 n., 304 De Boleville, ii. 64 De Bolyngton, iii. 322 De Bonevile, or Bonvile, i. 309 ; ii. 195 De Bonhait de Southampton, ii. 204 De Borgeyne, ii. 303 De Borhunt, Borhont, Borehunt, Bour- hounte, Burhunte, or Buryhunte, ii. ¦206; iii. 319 m., 328, 328 »., 329 De Bosco, ii. 222; iii. 166, 210 n De Botley, ii. 209 n. De Botreaus, iii. 97 De Bottule, ii. 212 m. De Bouklonde, iii. 44 De Bourdeille, ii. 5 Do Bourle, iii. 41 Do Boves, ii. 181 n. De Boyvffl, iii. 327 De Bradeley, iii. 311 De Brademar, iii. 333 | De Bradene, iii. 307 De Bradeston, iii. 213 n. De Bradeway, iii. 9 De Bradford, iii. 153 n. De Braibeuf, Braiboef, Braibuef, Brai- buf, or Broibuf, ii. 212 »., 224 «., 227 «. ; iii. 155 »., 168, 184 »., 211, 212, 213, 215, 225, 307 De Brakkeleye, ii. 232 De Bramshot, ii. 277 De Brand, ii. 184 De Braose, Brouss, Breussa, or Bre- wosa, ii. 221, 178 m.; iii. 79 79 »., 116 De Bray, ii. 105 De Breaus, or De Breaute, ii. 303, 304 ; iii. 25, 116 »., 165, 311 De Brech, iii. 307 De Brembeschet, ii. 219 De Breteuil, iii. 38, 272, 293 De Bretevile, or BretviRe, ii. 166, 167 ; iii. 163, 205 n. De Breting, ii. 195 De Briwer, iii. 301 De Broc, or Brok, iii. 17 m., 150 n. De Brocas, iii. 260 De Brockenhurst, iii. 128, 128 n. De Brockley, iii. 129 De Bromdena, iii. 161 m. De Brook, iii. 155 ». De Brooke or Leybrook, iii. 145 De Brookley, iii. 41, 113, 129 De Brounflete, iii. 170 De Brugge, ii. 42 ; iii. 169 De Bruis, iii. 267 n. De Brunton, iii. 60 De Bruse, iii. 79 De Bryan, iii. 338 De Buckland, iii. 12, 130 De Bulindon, iii. 267 n. De Burgate, iii. 152 m. De Burg, or Burgh, ii. 165 »., 195 m., 208 «., 217 m., 303; iii. 27, 115, 211m., 299, 300, 301 De Burgherst, ii. 232; iii. 243 De Burgoyne, ii. 272 De Burley, iii. 12, 130, 149 De Burnel, iii. 294 m. De Burton, iii. 211 n. De Bussuse, ii. 179 De Byflet, or Byflite, ii. 212 «., 243, 325 ; iii. 123 n. De Byketon, ii. 27 ; iii. 319 n. De Bykeworth, ii. 220 n. De Bynedon, or Beynesdone, ii. 215, 232, 272; iii. 122 n. De Bynteworth, iii. 219 De Caduliae, ii. 193 De Calceto, i. 149 De Cameys, Camois, Camoys, or Camme, i. 334 ; ii. 224, 224 »., 225, 254 ; iii. 6 De Campeden, i. 219 n., 220 »., 223 m., 224, 225 »., 227, 230 m., 231 »., 234, 241, 243 ; ii. 77 De Campeney, or Campenia, iii. 101, 117 De Cancellis, iii. 21.1 De Caninges, i. 309 De Cantelu, ii. 202 n. De Cantelupe, or Cantilupe, ii. 63, 178 m., 230; iii. 80, 318 De Canterbury, or Caunterbury, ii. 1S9, 190; iii. 119 m. De Carete, iii. 270 De Carreu, iii. 182 De Casingeham, ii. 198 m. De Castell, ii. 176 De Catherington, ii. 202 De Caus, or de Caleto, iii. 143 De Cauz, i. 129; iii. 28 De Celario, iii. 318 De Cerne, ii. 186 »., 199 ; iii. 166 De Chainesham, i. 285 m. De Chaisneto, i. 270 De Chaldecote, ii. 234 De Chalk, ii. 270 De Chanconibe, or Chancumbe, iii. 96, 119, 319 m. De Chaufleur, iii. 117 De Chauton, iii. 240 De Chaworth, iii. 322 u. De Chedeham, iii. 322 De Cheldene, ii. 219 De Chernet, iii. 270 n. De Cheuvedon, iii. 302 De Cheveredon, ii. 220 De Cheyney, iii. 274 m. De Chicley, iii. 123 re. De Chikehull, or Chikewell, ii. 107, 108 »., 223 De Chilteslegh, iii. 306, 307 De Chinham, iii. 212, 216 De Chipsall, iii. 128 n. De Chiverdone, ii. 206 De Cigony, Cygony, or Cygoyn, iii. 25, 300, 301 De Cimil, ii. 217 De Clare, ii. 185, 220 n. ; iii. 26,46, 116, 144, 318 De Clatford, iii. 168 De Clere, ii. 211, 223, 365 ; iii. 17 n. De Clifford, ii. 17, 72 ; iii. 273 De Clinton, iii. 61 n., 73, 215 n. De Olive, or Clithe, iii. 223 n. De Cloune, i. 241 De Cobbeham, ii. 216 De Cokefend, iii. 116 n. De Colchester, i. 240 re. De Coldre, iii. 270 n. De Colebury, iii. 153 m. De Colemere, iii. 307 De Coleshulle, iii. 148 De Columbariis, ii. 204 re., 218, 231 iii. 73, 166, 191, 267 n. 7 INDEX. De Columbers, iii. 182, 317 De Colunces, iii. 322 n. De Conayles. ii. 209 m. De Contaville, iii. 184 m. De Conyer, iii. 300 De Coombe, iii. 242 De Cormayle, Cormeilles, or Cormeleys, ii. 216 ; iii. 163, 168 De Cornhill, ii. 176 n., 177 «., 132, 202 m. ; iii. 79, 310, 326 De Cornwalevs, ii. 211 De Cosham, iii. 328, 329 De Cotes, ii. 27 De Couderev, Coudray, or Coudrev, ii, 206, 220 ;' iii. 213, 215, 215 »., 258 ». De Courtenay, Courtney, or Curtenay, iii. 118 m., 133 m., 242, 310 De Cranlegh, i. 201, 203 De Craucumbe, iii. 81 n. De Creford, ii. 278 De Creke, iii. 302 De Croix, ii. 174 De Croy, ii. 218 De Cruc, or Cruce, ii. 218; iii. 214 n. De Cudelynton, iii. 189 De Cufaude (see also Cufaudj, iii. 271 m. De Cumpton, iii. 129 De Cunde, or Cundy, ii. 193, 224 n. De Curcy, ii. 213 n. De Cusance, iii. 194 De Dacre, ii. 187 n. De Daunnuum, ii. 180 De Demm, iii. 184 n. De Depe, ii. 196 De Depedene, ii. 212, 215, 223; iii. 73, 74 De Derbv, iii. 170 De Dereford, iii. 322 «. De Dereham, ii. 200 «. De Deveneys, iii. 187 De Dibden, iii. 58 De Dispensariis, ii. 72 ; iii. 242 De Diva, ii. 205 ; iii. 59 n. De Donstaple, iii. 271 re. De Dousgunels, iii. Ill, 112 De Dover, ii. 197 n. De Draiton, iii. 271 ». De Drokenesford, iii. 184 n. De Dundy, ii. 216 De Dunnton, i. 278 n. De Dunster, iii. 270 m. De Dunstighle, ii. 234 n. De Dureville, i. 1 29 De Dutton, ii. 173 «. De Edyndon, i. 233 n., 234 m., 240 ; iii. 330, 331 De EUesworth, iii. 308 De Ely, i. 72, 73, 100 «., 119, 154 n. ; ii. 26 «., 143, 144 De Elyng, iii. 6, 7 De Enford, i. 129 De Enham, iii. 168 De Erdinton, ii. 184 De Erleye, iii. 329 De Escote, or Estcote, ii. 69, 244 ; iii. 148 De Escures, ii. 73, 212 n. ; iii. 73, 129, 215 k., 287 m. De Espercbefort, i. 285 ». De Ep', ii. 365 n. De Epebury, iii. 117 De Esseby, iii. 159, 160 De Estour, iii. 128 m., 154 re. De Everingham, ii. 18, 19 De Everleye, Everslie, or Eversley, iii 211 m., 212 m., 214, 223 «., 296 De Every, ii. 228 De Evesham, ii. 193 De Evinelv, iii. 185 De Exbury, iii. 13 De Eynesham, i. 309 De Falaise, iii. 317 De Falconbergh, ii. 192, 220 n. De Falley, ii. 228, 229 De Farle, iii. 277 n. De Farley, ii. 209 De Farnham, i. 129 De Farnhull, iii. 92 n., 130 De Farnley, iii. 327, 331 De Fenes, ii. 227 n. De Fereis, or Ferrers, ii. 74, 221 n. ; iii. 273 De Feringes, i. 309 ; ii. 107 De Ferlegh, or Ferlie, ii. 62 ; iii. 300 De Fernyng, i. 240 De Feiyngford, iii. 145 De Feynles, or Fienles, ii. 74, 21 2 re. De Flemyng, ii. 303 De Fobedone, ii. 27 De Folariis, ii. 203 n. De Forest, iii. 328 De Forester, ii. 268 De Fortibus, ii. 109 m., 110 k., 205, 206; iii. 48, 57, 116 »., 117, 118, 119 «., 128n., 129 m., 145 m., 155, 185; Sup. 42 »., 50 De Foscote, or Foxcote, iii. 168, 187, 189 De Foule, ii. 243 De Foxle, or Foxley, iii. 219, 293, 294, 305 De Fraxino, iii. 271 n. De Frenelesworth, iii. 305 De Fricobaldi, Friscobaldi, or Fris- combaud, ii. 213, 301 re. De Froyle, i. 275 m. De Fubrich, iii. 206 De Fyfhyde, i. 309 ; iii. 186 De Fynlye, iii. 268 n. De Gahciano, i. 240 De Gammanges, ii. 221 «. De Gardner, Gardino, or Garden, ii. 278; iii. 117, 155 m. De Garlande, ii. 196 n. De Gatesden, ii. 224, 225 De Gavaston, i. 74, 146 De Gavelacre, ii. 206 De Gaveston, ii. 301 m. De Geselingham, ii. 162 ». De Giselham, ii. 206, 224, 227 re., 229 , iii. 117, 184, 187, 188, 213 m., 214 n., 273 m. De Gisors, ii. 197, 198 ; iii. 301, 333 De Glamorgan, iii, 119, 155 m. De Gloucester, ii. 166, 168 ; hi. 208 *., 218 De Gobbirs, iii. 212 De Godboys, ii. 227 ». De GodeshalL or Godeshull, iii. 12, 158 De Gordon, or Gurdon, hi. 306, 307, 308, 315 De Gorge, or Gorges, hi. 119 De Grana, iii. 337 De Grandison, iii. 120 n. De Graveinges, iii. 326 De Gray, or Grey, ii. 166, 168, 171, 175 «., 253, 365; hi. 38, 116, 184, 213; Sup. 81 m. De Grimstede, or Grvmstede, ii. 38, 220; iii. 65, 119, 129 De Gruythuse, ii. 43 De Gymeges, ii. 221 n. De Gyselham, ii. 210 De Hacche, iii. 337 De Hachangre, hi. 310 De Hadredene, hi. 168 a. De Halfuahede, ii. 18 n. De Halveknyst, ii. 302, 303 De Hamays, hi. 325 n. De Hamelton, iii. 226 De Handlo, hi. 185 De Hanger, hi. 73 De Haniton, iii. 213 De Hanlowe, iii. 258 «. De Hannery, ii. 360 n. De Hanslape, iii. 325 De Hanton, il 222, 366 De Hardene, ii. 35 De Haring, hi. 241 De Hattinglej-, hi. 158 De Haveresham, h. 214 De HaverhuU, or De Haverhl, ii. 187, 189, 201 «. ; hi. 326 De Havering, i. 416 De Havingod, ii. 214 De Haye, n. 195 n. De Haywode, ii. 27 De Heeling, hi. 184 m. De Heeche, hi. 128 ». De Heghefelde, hi. 211 n. De Hehn, hi. 54 De Helyon, h. 18, 19 De Hemton, ii. 204 De Henbaysent, hi. 151 De Hengham, i. 266 ». De Herda, hi. 128 n. De Herdintona, hi. 81 ». De Heme, or Home, ii. 220 n. De Herriard, hi. 224 De Herteley, hi. 258 n. De Herton, i. 20 1 , 205 De Hervart, or De Hunnigen, h. 281 De Heyleye, h. 220. De Hida, hi. 159, 160 De Hochangre, Ochangre, or Oak- hanger, h. 218 De Hoghton, h. 253 De Holebury, 272 De Hoo, ii. 19 ; hi. 85, 213 «. De Hova, h. 366 De Howy, ii. 215 De Humet, hi. 270 n. De Hurtleye, hi. 223 n. De Ichene, ii, 227 n. De Iddesworth, hi, 322 n. De Ingpenne, Inkpenne, or Inkpen, i. 274, 275, 315; ii. 27, 69, 69 «., 244 De Insula Bona, De Insula, or De In- sulis, ii. 175, m., 205, 206, 227 De Ismongere, i. i43 De Jerdling, hi. 273, n. De Johene, ii. 19 De Kancia, hi. 225 n. De Kantelsaugre, hi. 212 De Kardimulle, hi. 152, n. De Karronn, iL 186 De Karuwie, or Carew, ii. 176 De Kaune, ih. 306 De Kemesey, ii. 175, «., 177, 181 De Kenet, h. 227 De Kent, hi. 144 De Kenteys, ih. 328 De Kenton, hi. 128 De Kerely, ii. 217 De Kernet, hi. 96, 100, 240, 152, «. De Keyhaven, hi. 130 De Keynes, hi. 152, ». De Kilpec, i. 345 De Kingcham, ih. 270, n. De Kirkham, hi. 82 De Kivelli, h. 183 De Knouill, ii. 18 De Kulbelwyke, hi. 184. n. De la Bane, ii. 232, 277 De la Boche ii. 212, n. ; ih. 278, n. INDEX. Dela Bere, iii. 14, 158, 159, 328 De la Beregh, or Bergh, ii. 220 ; iii. 212, 304 De la Berton, ii. 223 De la Bolhuse, ii. 328 n De la Bore, ih. 211 De la Bulehull, ii. 187 De la Bulebuse, or BuUhouse, h. 216, 345 De la Burchge, iii. 210 n. De la Burgh, hi. 166 n. De la Bury de Helings, ih. 163 m. De la Chapelle, ii. 93 De la Chaumbre, ii. 230, 231 De la Chuche, or Suche, ih. 258 «., 259 «., 294 m., 317, 318 De la Clithe, ih. 216 De la Coufeild, iii. 16 5 «., 212 DelaCousand, (Cosance, or Cuffand?), iii. 166 »., 212 De Lacy, or Lascy, h. 63, 173 m., 195 ; hi. 84, 274 m. De la Dene, ii. 221 n. ; iii. 300 De la Dune, iii. 225 M. De la Falayse, hi. 321 De la Fede, iii. 310 De la Felde de Worthy, ii, 227 m. De la Ferrere, ii. 186 n. De la Ferte, ii. 104 DelaFlode, ih. 210 m. De la Flood, hi. 273 n. De Lagheford, hi. 150 n. Do la Hale, ih. 284, 336 De la Haule, ii. 227 De la Heme, hi. 97 De la Hoke, ih. 225 n. De la Hull, or Hulle, ii. 220 ; hi. 149 De la Hurn, iii. 310 De la Kingesmille, hi. 212 De la Lind, or Lynd, iii. 147 De la Dude, ih. 303 De la Lye, hi. 329 Delamare, De la Mare, Delamere, or De la Mere, ii. 55 ; hi. 150 «.., 213, 244, 259, 275, 275 re. De la More, ii. 268 Delamotte, ii. 357 De Landa, ih. 336 n. De Lange, ih. 119 De Langebrigge, iii. 292 n. De Langetoft, ii. 230 De la Nutebyone, hi. 215 De la Peniz, ii. 278 De la Pole, h. 65 n. ; ih. 10, 29, 188 De la Poterie, or Potiere, hi. 154 n. De la Prise, ii. 245, 271, 328 ». De la Putte, ii. 218, 219 ; hi. 150 m. De la Revire, or Ryvere, ih. 92 De la Rigge, hi. 210 »., 212 De la River, hi. 258 n. De la Roche, Des Roches, and De Rupibus, 73 m., 74, 117, 118, 240, 313; ii. 89, 104, 172, 174 m., 176, 180, 189, 195 M., 197 »., 200 »., 203, 208 »., 209, 218 »., 219 »., 270, 365 ; ih. 80, 128, 151 »., 154 m., 210, 216 m., 217 »., 221, 306, 315, 325, 326, 327, 328, 334, 339 De la Rude, ih. 210 n. De Lascelles, ih. 335. De las Navas, ii. 291, 292 De la Strande, ii. 193 De Launce, ii. 330 De Launde, hi. 336 Delaval, iii. 174 De la Valeye, ii. 221 De la Viable, h. 220 Delaware, or Delaware, ii. 282, 326 n.; hi. 177 «., Sup. 44 m. De la Welle, ih. 210 m., 211 De la Wyke, ih, 329. De la "Wylderne, hi. 319 m. De la Wytehegge, or Wythege, iii. 210 re., 216. De la Zhurdo, ih. 329 De la Zouche, or De la Zauche, iii. 258 m., 259 m., 294 h., 317, 318 Del Beket, ii. 230, 231 Del Broc, ii. 124, 129, 216, 229 De (le ?) Botiller, hi. 144 De Leepe, iii. 129 n. De Lens, i. 309 De Leodogarico, iii. 243 De Lesforges, ii. 188 Del Estre, or De Lestra, ih. 112, 113, 115 De Letford, ii. 277 ; ih. 189 De Lewes, ii. 194 Del Gardyn, hi. 48 De Lichenoid, hi. 81 De Limesia, i. 239 ; ii. ^69 De Lindewode, iii. 149, 150 De Lingieure, hi. 270 n. De L'Isle, Lisle, or Lysle, ii. 104, 123, 124, 128 M., 174, 178, 182 n., 184, 205, 206, 212, 212 »., 227 «., 255, 277; ih. 9, 27, 48, 61 »., 115, 116, 117, 118 -re., 119, 120, 121, 123 m., 128, 131, 131 »., 145 «., 149 »., 150 m., 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 169, 240, 242, 243, 327, 331, 337, 338. De Litecane, ih. 44 Delme, h. 327 De London, h. 230 231; hi. 29, 216m. De Longchamps, hi. 303 De Losinga, i. 308 De Loudon, hi. 302, 303 De Lovaine, ih. 260 De Lovere, hi. 12 De Lucia, or Lucy, i. 3, 42, 58, re., 64, 67, 73, 100, 106, 117, 145, 149, 293; h. 26, 172, 174 M., 197, 197 »., 198, 199 «., 203, 203 »., 204, 227, 229, 269, 270, 277; iii. 79, 221, 310, 325, 327, 333. De Luci, or Lucy, see also Lucy I De Luda, ih, 175 m. De Lumesy, hi. 96 De Lune, or Lunn, i. 274, 274 n. De Lusignan, i. 73 n., 146 De Luvery, hi. 150 n. De Luwein, hi. 337 Delves, iii, 181, 182 De Lym, h. 268, 303 ; ih. 122 m. De Lymersi, Sup. 79 De Lymerston, Sup. 79 De Lymhesholte, hi. 184 m. De Lynacre, ii. 54, 93 De Lyndhurst, or Lindhurst, ih. 12, 13, 39, 81, 82 De Lynn, h. 213, 232 De Lyntesford, i. 240 »., 241 De Lyons, h. 231 De Lytleton, iii. 322 n. De Magharis, h. 196 De Malleon, or De Malo Leon, h. 197 ; iii. 317, 331 De Mandevill, Mandeville, or Maunde- vill, ii. 62, 199 »., 174 m., 227 ». ; ih. 26, 100, 101, 112, 113, 142, 187, 240, 273 »., 274 m., 299, 311, 317 De Maner, hi. 17 ». De Manlay, hi. 217 m. De Mapes, i. 384 «. De Mareys, ih. 242 De Marisco, hi. 302 De Marlebergh, ih. 271 «. De Mattingley, ih. 270 re. De Maulay, hi. 80, 302 De Maydewell, ii. 76 ». De Menzey, hi. 46 De Mere, ii. 38 ; iii. 120 re., 150, 'tr* De Meriet, ih. 304 S&* De Merlay, ih. 336 De Merleburgh, i. 130 De Merton, h. 207 ; " 224, 224 »., 226 Demesey, hi. 2C De Metyngham, i. De Meynell, ih. 142 De Meysy, hi. 188 Demezy, iii. 292 m. De Mickleham, ii. 365 De Millers, i. 240 ; ih. 327 De Molendinis, h. 191 ». De Molis, ii. 221 ; ih. 79 «., 82, 120 »., 143, 163, 154, 308 De Molton, ii. 277 De Molyng, hi. 294 ». De Moncaus, ii. 74 De Moneeux, ii. 74 Do Monmouth, ii. 217 «. De Montellis, h. 74, 212 n. De Montfort, i. 106, 289, 352; ii. 179 »., 200 m., 206, 209, 249 ; iii. 84. 225 »., 301, 306 De Montgomery, ii. 227 De Montibus, iii. 326, 333 De Montjoie, iii. 298 n. De Montluc, ii. 141 n. De Mora, ii. 180 De Morevill, ii. 218 De Mortcant, iii. 46 De Mortuo, ii. 70 De Mowbray, iii. 79 n. De Mowen, hi. 294 n. De Mucegros, hi. 155 De Mucheldevre, ih. 271 n. De Mul, ih. 145 n. De Mulesye, iii. 211 n. Do Munceus, h. 74, 223 De Munchesni, h. 209 De Mune, ii. 77 De Murthig, hi. 97 De Mynstede, iii. 13 De Nateleye, iii. 212 Dene, or Dean, i. 205 Deneby de Lamborne, iii. 267 n. Deness, Sup. 59 De Neuwelegh, ih. 307 Deneven, h. 281 De Nevil, Nevill, or Neville, i. 281 n. ; ii. 60, 62, 70, 74 : Alan, iii. 142 : Elizabeth, 219: Geoffrey, ii. 177 m., 198, ih. 128 »., 152 n. : Gilbert 177m. : Henry, h. 176 n., 177 m. : Hugh, ii. 176, 176 n., 177, 177 »., 178 »., 181, 189 »., 200, 202 n., 227 n. ; hi. 25, 65, 166, 214 m., 325, 327, 331 : John, ih. 128 »., 152 m., 187, 219: Ralph, ii. 176 ». : "William, ii. 166, 177, 183; ih. 24, 158 »., 183, 291. See also Nevill Deuewulf, Bishop of, i. 109, 113, 137 «., 138 »., 151, 306 ; ii. 2, 15, 24, 25 Deneys, Brice le, h. 64 Dennett, i. 260 «. ; Sup. 13, 27, 28, 29, 56 «. Dennis, hi. 247 Denton, i. 127 m. De Nuttell, h. 219 Denys, ih. 150 Deneys, Le, ii. 64 De Nyneman, hi. 278 De Ochangre, h. 218 m. De Odiham, i. 309 ; ih. 225 n. 9 INDEX. Oe Offeton, iii. 117 -e Offintun, hi. 143 ^ Orestuel, iii. 128 lie Orteyo, h. 182 De Osmandleye, iii. 225 n. De Osmoundesle, iii. 119 De Ow, ih. 20 »., 206 De Owton, ii. 27 De Padbury, ii. 179 n. De Pagham, ih. 328 n. De Pateshull, or Patteshull, ii. 191 n., 220 n. ; iii. 335 De Pauncet, iii. 12 De Pechy, i. 309 De Peckam, ih. 1 2 De Pede Planco, ii. 64 De Pelegryng, i. 240 De Peletot, ii. 227 n. De Peling, ih. 270 n. De Periton, h. 227 n. De Pershute, hi. 148 n. De Pescall, hi. 79 n. De Peterfield, h. 272 De Philby, see De Plumby De Picheford, hi. 308 De Pirisist, hi. 240 De Plumby, ii. 220 n. ; iii. 144 De Pondlelarth, h. 216 De Pontearch, i. 278 n. De Ponte, Arche, h. 216, 219 n. 269 ; ih. 267 m. De Pont Omer, h. 198, 199, 130; hi. 130 m. De Pontoys, ih. 350 De Popleshale, ih. 270 m. De Porchester, ih. 128, 327 De Porland, h. 196 De Port, i. 312, 372, 407, 412 re.; h. 34, 38, 62, 68, 73, 74 »., 104 »., 166, 168, 216, 226 n., 234, 242; hi. 6, 58, 61 re., 95, 96, 97, 100, 109 n., 157, 158, 163, 182, 183, 184 m., 205 M., 208, 213, 218, 239, 267 M., 269, 270 re. 271 re., 272, 293, 324 De Porteseye, ii. 220 ; ih. 335, 336 De Portesmue, hi. 223 n. De Portsea, ih. 270 re. De Pratellis, h. 223, ih. 310 De Presham, i. 336 De Puytz, h. 317 re. De Pyhkeny, ii. 227 n. De Pyrie, hi. 210 De Quency, h. 177 n. De Querouaille, i. 12, 22 ; iii. 349 De Quinci, i. 279 ». ; hi. 240 «., 299 De Quintin, h. 192 De Raddene, hi. 307 m. De Rademeld, ii. 121 De Raleigh (or Radley), i. 118, 151, 240 ; hi. 84 De Raleyer, hi. 234 De Raunveny, h. 74 De Raunville, ih. 128 m. Derby, Earl of, h. 332; hi. 262 n. Dere, i. 190 De Redbridge, h. 226 De Redvers, ii. 110 m. ; ih. 104, 116 re., 117, 267 ; hi. 53, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117 »., H8 «., 119, 131; Sup. 76, 80: Jobn,h. 122 : Margaret, h. 177 m., 278: Richard, h. 110 »., 122, 167, 178 m. ; hi. 48, 112, 113, 115, 116, 119 m., 131, 133 m. ; Sup. 42 : WU liam, Earl of Devon, hi. 116, 117, 128 Oerence, i. 191 De Retham, or Ertham, hi. 328 De Reyns, h. 219 De Rippeling, h. 206, 220, 228 10 De Rise, ih. 25 ¦». De Rishton, hi. 119 De Risley, ih. 220 De Rocheford, ih. 159 De Roches, ii. 189 : ih. 213 »., 260, 262 De Rokelande, ih. 304 De Rokesdune, h. 278 De Romara, ih. 115 m. De Rucford, ih. 157 De Rumbridge, iii. 9 De Rupibus, see De la Roche De Rupping, hi. 273 n. De Rus, ih. 274 De Rye de Odyham, hi. 301 n. De Ryshton, ih. 62 De Sacresdone, hi. 213 De Sacy, h. 201 n. ; ih. 367, 274, 310 De Sandale, i. 119, 152 De Sandeford, Sandford, Sanford, or Saundford, h. 87 »., 222, 278; ih. 215 m, 216 re., 225 m., 330 331 De Sandwich, h. 205; ih. 303 De Say or De Saye, h. 174 m., 227 m., 255 m., 273, 274; ih. 259 re., 273, 273 m., 274, 274 n. De Schorewell, h. 209 De Scbyrefeld, hi. 211 De Scopham, ih. 155 De Scoteney, hi. 268 m. De Seovill, ii. 193, 194 De Secusia, i. 240 De Seint John de Layneham, h. 32 n. De Senesta, hi. 321 De Sevenhampton, i. 234 n. De Seynteler, h. 108 m. De Seyntpierre, h. 66 De Sheggeton, h. 190 De Shelgrove, h. 278 De Shepton, ih. 167 De Shifford, hi. 3 De Shottebroc, ii. 21"i n. De Singleton, ih. 336 De S. Mario, i. 226, 227, 240 De Soakarton, h. 304 De Solarhs, or Solaris, ih. 151, 152 De Sonhorlan, h. 208 n. De Southlangele, ih. 72 De Spaur, Sup. 57 Despenser or Dispenser, h. 72, 104, 125, 184 M., 204, 227, 227 n. ; ih. 214 M., 258 M. 259 M., 303, 331 De Spineto, h. 74 De St. Amand, or St. A ment, h. 244 ; ih. 123 m., 215 re. De Stamquette, ih. 1 30 De Stanhuse, ii. 196 De Stapley, or Stappley, ih. 301 n. De Stayland, ih. 143 De St. George, ih. 175 n. De St. Manupent, hi. 213, 215, 216, 283 De St. Martin, h. 234 n. ; ih. 58, 223 m. De St. Maxence, ii. 187, 188, 189 De St. Menevent, hi. 270 n. De Stok, or De Stoke, h. 175, 177, 179, 180, 184, 202 «., 277 De Stokebrigg, h. 219 De Stokes, h. 219 De St. Omer, hi. 12 De Stoteville, ih. 273, 278 De St. Philbert, h. 38 ; ih. 170, 243 De Stratford, i. 119, 120, 147, 152, 185, 243, 244, 292 re., 389 re. ; ii. 278, 286 De Strete, ii. 268 De Sturminster, hi. 127 De Stutevill, ih. 273, 273 »., 299 De St. Walaric, or Walerio, i. 309 ; h. 195 m. De Sygony, ii. 303 De Synago, Hi. 301 De Tangelegh, hi. 189 De Tarente, i. 129 De Thorni, hi. 330 De Thornton, h. 277 De Tibertis, hi. 59 re. De Tibeto, ih. 133 m. De Tichebourn, h. 19 ; hi. 9 De Tisted, h. 19 DeTodeni, h. 166 De Toeni, h. 215, 248 ». De Tolnse, hi. 42 De Tonebrige, ih. 321 De TothilL h. 367 De Trenchant, ih. 312 De Trublevill, h. 192 De Tudeworth, ih. 12 De Tunworth, ih. 304 De Twyngham, hi. 148 De Tybetoft, h. 269 ; ih. 133 m. De Ulecot, ii. 176, 180 m., 181, 184; ih. 81, 82 re. De Upton, ih. 351 De Valence, i. 73, 118, 129 re. ; ii. 208, 209, 210, 365 ; ih. 307 »., 308 m. De Valentia, i. 118, 129 n., 243 De Valhbus, h. 227 «. De Vendome, ii. 189, 190 ; hi. 263 Devenish, or Devinessh, i. 149, 247, 248, 248 m. ; ii. 86 ; ih. 244 De Venor, ih. 269 n. De Venuz, or Venoiz, i. 389, 389 m. ; h. 191 m., 198 m., 216, 230; ih. 25, 240, 300, 307, 310, 311 De Vere, Ver, or Veer, Alfred, ii. 249 : Alicid, h. 249: Aubrey, ih. 260: Henry, h. 184, 227 m., 365: Hugh, ii. 222 : John, ii. 251 ; ih. 64 ». : Richard, h. 222, 251 m. : Robert, ii. 124, 222; hi. 58 M., 273, 274: Thomas, ii. 249 n. : the Family, h. 222. Deverel, or Deverell, i. 170 ; ih. 119 Devereux, i. 201 n., 392 ; hi. 223 n. De Verin, ih. 119 De Vesci, h. 180 ». De Vie, i. 411 n. De Vienna, ih. 73 De Villenova, ih. 59 m. De Vipont, ii. 174 n., 180, 180 n. De Virguel, ih. 168 . Devon family, hi. 49, 122: Earls of, ii. 94 ; hi. 92 «., 116, 153 m. : Baldwin, hi. 48 : Edward, ih. 48, 49 : Hugh, hi. 48 : Thomas, hi. 49 Devonshire, h. 263 De Vyneter, ii. 277 De Waddene, h. 7 7 De Wall-ill, ih. 54 De Waltham, h. 207 n., 209 ; hi. 224, 225 m. Dewar, hi. 178 De Warberton, ii. 69 De Warblington, h. 212, 325 De Wair, ii. 178 re., 182 De Wane, hi. 153 De Watecot, ih. 240 De Watevile, hi. 225 m., 226 De Wauton, ih. 187 Dewdney, or Dudley, h. 102 De WeU, h. 272 De WeUeford, i. 240 De Wellesforde, i. 234 n. De Wendelynge, i. 240 De Wenstede, ih. 329 De Westrebue, ii. 196 De Wetewang, i. 240 n. De Wexcote, ih. 187 Dewey, ih. 134, 134 u. De Wiglee, h. 228 INDEX, Do Wigornia, i. 309 De Wildesore, iii. 308 m. De Wily, ii. 222 ; ih. 186 n. De Winslow, ii. 129 De Wintersulle, iii. 211 De Winton, or Wynton, ii. 94, 219, 224, 254, 255 ; ih. 302 Do Withoill, or Witwill.hi. 54, 61, 91 n. De Wodestok, hi. 219 De Wortbye, ii. 227 m. De Wotton, i. 240; ii. 122 De Wrotham, ii. 180, 180 n., 182, 183, 184, 203 ; iii. 79 De Wyk, de la Wik, or Wyke, ii. 182 ; ih. 334 De Wyly, le Wile, or le Waleys, hi. 223 m. De Wymeringes, or Wymering, iii. 328 De Wyncleferd, hi. 183. De Wynes, ii. 219 De Wyngeham, iii. 271 ». De Wytton, ii. 227 Deymede, i. 313 ; ii. 55 re. De Vstingedon, ih. 210 m. De Yvet, h. 225 De Zatingeden, hi. 318 Diable, i. 288 n. Diaper, ii. 348 Dibdin, i. 208 ; ii. 361 Dible, h. 348 Dickeman, iii. 220 n. Dickens, hi. 281 n., 349 ; Sup. 70 Dickenson, or Dickinson, hi. 282 ; Sup. 35, 58 m. Dikcnan, hi. 14 Dingley, i. 77 Diocletian, i. 147 ; ii. 150 ; hi. 196, 280 re. Dionysa, hi. 115 Diviaticus, i. 386 n. ; hi. 200, 201 m. Dixon, h. 322, 323 ; hi. 95 n.r 103 Dobbes, ih. 305 Dobson, i. 205, 208 Doddington, ii. 110 »., 120 hi. 146 n. Dodge, h. 291 Doehttle, ii. 321 Dolber, i. 189 Doliman, i. 217 m., 229 n. Dolynge, iii. 29 Domitian, hi. 197 ; Sup. 17 Donekhi, iii. 188 Donet, ih. 279 Dorchester, ih. 288, 292, 295 n. Dore, ih. 50, 51 »., 52, 58 «., 65, 77, 136 ; Sup. 39 Dorhnant, ih. 246 M. Dormer, ii. 312 m. Dothin, h. 327 Doughty, ii. 23 Douglas, h. 71 Douse, Dowse, or Douce i. 372, 414, m. ; ii. 128 ; ih. 2, 147 »., 227 »., 246 n. Downame, ii. 127 Downeham, ih. 253 ». Downes, i. 78, 207 ; h. 312 Dowson, ih. 282 ; Sup. 63 Doyle, Sup. 70 Doyly, ii. 71 Draggett, hi. 52 Drago, iii. 326 Drake, ii. 128, 321 Draper, i. 285 n. ; ii. 359 «. ; hi. 105, I 124, 126, 127, 235 »., 281, 286 j Drax, ii. 14 m. Drayton, i. 374; hi. 190, 191 Dreux, ii. 179 m., 195, 197, 222 Drew, ii. 334 Drogheswerde, ii. 213 Dromo, ii. 182 Drue, hi. 342 n. Drummond, hi. 73, 295 m. Diyden, i. 368 m., 386 n. ; ii. 39 n., 72 re. Dubritius, ih. 204 Due, le, ii. 201 m. Duda, or Dudda,i. Ill, 112 »., 151 ; h. 159, 163,238 m. Dudley, i. 389 n., 392 ; h. 324 ; hi. 173 , 174, 284 Duket, hi. 271, 271 m., 286 Du Lac, ii. 360 Dulamon, h. 359 Dulecotes, hi. 82 m. Duman, hi. 204 Dummer, or De Dummer, i. 17, 412 ; ii. 42, 87, 87 »., 99 99 »., 102, 116, 117, 117 M., 118, 120, 126, 127, 313 «., 349, 370; hi. 177 »., 209, 292 n. Duncan, i. 197 Dunch. or Dunche, i. 349, 369, 412 -, h. 101 »., 110, 357, 358 Duncombe, i. 393 ; ii. 204; ih. 319 Dunhedred, h. 204 Dunkdn, Sup. 47 m. Dunne, h. 129 n. Dunstan, St., i. 95, 104, 105, 114, 148, 182 »., 312, 330, 386 n. ; h. 3, 220 ». ; ih. 113 n. Duppa, i. 126 ; ii. 40 »., 295 Dupre, ii. 282 Durand, or Durandus, ii. 25, 26, 168, 192, 281, 330 M. ; ih. 62, 151 »., 299, 324 Duredent, or Durident, ii. 206, 219 220, 228 ; hi. 170 Dutby, ih. 291 Dutton, h. 117, 173 »., 314 m. Dyckeman, hi. 220 m. Dyer, h. 37, 353; ih. 177; Sup. 11. Dyggs, h. 326 Dymoke, ii. 262 n. Dynevor, i. 320 n. Dynham, ih. 154 m., 294 n. Dysley, ih. 34 Eadburga, i. 399 n. : Eadgifa, hi. 315 Eadgitha, i. 317 : Eadnoth, h. 162 hi. 296 : Eadsige, ii. 162 ; iii. 110 n. Eadweare, ii. 6 : Ealhferth, ii. 48 Earle, or Erie, i. 170, 171, 254, 395 «., 396 m. ; h. 14 »., 96, 291 ». Eastgate, i. 390 Eatule, ii. 251, 252 n. Ebbe, i. 399 n. Ebdem, h. 327 «¦ Ebden, i. 245, 246 «., 280 Ecgbald, i. Ill, 112 re., 151 Edburga, i. 312, 313, 330, 331 »., 343, 344, 399 M. ; ii. 240 ». Edde, hi. 220 ». Eddid, iii. 8, 187, 309 315 Eddrand, ih. 223 m. Ede, h. 351 Edgar, Rex, i. 64 «., 91 »., 96, 104, 105 »., 114, 133 »., 135 »., 136 n., 137 »., 138 m., 139 »., 145, 150, 154 »., 267 »., 294 »., 307, 311, 312, 329, 330, 341, 342 re., 344, 348, 349 ; ii. 3, 4, 6, 16, 25, 27, 40, 48, 72, 76, 101, 146, 160 «., 163, 164 re., 165, 238, 336 re. ; ih. 162, 315, 323, 332 : Atheling, i. 330, 331 »., 332, 334 n. ; ii. 169 Edgecomb, orEdgecumbe, ii. 113 «., 137 Edgitha, i. 333 : Edgiva, i. 139 re., 343 Edmgton, Bishop, i. 22 «., 29 «., 44, 47 »., 57, 53 «., 67, 75, 79, 81, 100, 101, 102 »., 120, 121, 143, 144, 149, 155 «., 163 »., 220 «., 221 re., 230 n„ 233 n., 240, 379 ; ii. 11 Edmonds, i. 258, 349 Edmonson, ii. 319 Edmund, i. 112, 151, 344 ; ii. 54, 163, 238 n. ; hi. 10 Edmundus, Rex, i. 71, 108 m., 115, 310, 311; h. 89 «, 146, 163 •«., 238; hi. 162 Edrad, ii. 101 Edred, i. 64 n., 71, 137 «., 138 •«., 145, 310, 311 ; ii. 25, 88 ¦«., 89 n., 146; iii. 162 Edric. ii. 161, 167 ; hi. 62 n., 100, 182, 183 Edward, Rex, Senior, i. 64 »., 91 n., 133 »., 134 n., 135 re., 136 «., 137 n., 138 n., 145, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 329, 330, 334, 341, 343, 344; h. 2, 4, 15, 16, 24, 25, 76, 86, 238; ih. 162: Edward, son of Ethelred, i. 64 m., 108 «., 145, 344, 338, 404 ». ; ii. 89 »., 101 »., 125, 146, 159, 163, 164; hi. 162, 296: Edward, the Confessor, i. 31 »., 59 »., 87, 91 n., 115, 133 »., 135 »., 137, 138 »., 139 »., 182 m., 266, 267, 268, 269 re., 281 n., 284, 291 »., 293 it., 310, 311, 313, 316, 317, 334, 335, 336, 367, 383 »., 388, 389, 407, 409, 418 ; ii. 7, 26, 26, 37, 59, 73, 76, 93, 106, 107, 161 n., 162, 164, 165, 168, 352, 364 ; hi. 4 »., 6, 8 re., 10, 11, 17. 19, 20, 21, 22, 34, 73, 95, 96, 97, 100, 101, 108, 109, 110, 111 re., 141, 142, 151, 157, 182, 183, 187 «., 190, 206, 209, 239, 272, 273, 293, 296, 298, 309, 321, 323, 324, 350 ; Sup 27 Edward I., i. 10 n., 23 »., 24 «., 27 re., 28 »., 32 m., 92, 119 n., 137 «., 246 M., 247, 249 n., 272, 275, 276, 277 re., 278 m., 283, 293, 297 »., 309, 314, 358, 368, 404, 414 ; h. 49, 64, 72 n., 74, 76 n., 168 m., 200 re., 206, 207, 212, 214, 224, 227 »., 229, 268, 269, 301 »., 307 »., 310, 328 »., 366; iii. 4, 12, 27 re., 28, 48, 84, 115 n., 116 M., 117, 118, 121 »., 131, 143, 144, 154 «., 166 M., 173, 184, 187, 204, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214 re., 215, 216, 240, 241, 242, 270, 273 n., 283, 298, 303, 306, 307 «., 308 »., 311, 312, 327, 328, 336 ; Sup. 57 Edward II., i. 120, 234 «., 247 »., 271 »., 272, 276 »., 278, 292 re., 363, 411 ; ii. 18, 66 n., 125, 168 n., 200 »., 214, 215, 225, 251 »., 314 »., 354 m., 366 ; hi. 73, 117, 118, 132, 139 »., 145, 166, 169, 170, 173, 186, 219, 330; Sup. 57 Edward III., i. 31 n., 34 »., 108 n., 110, 120, 121, 122, 179 n., 183 m., 243, 245 »., 278 »*., 279 m., 283 m., 289, 290 «., 291 »., 292 n., 314, 337 «., 359, 389 «., 404, 409, 413 ; ii. 18, 64, 66, 68, 108 n., 109 n., 123, 124, 125, 207, 224, 232, 233, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247 «., 251 »., 263, 272, 277, 307 »., 314 »., 338, 342, 367; hi. 28, 43, 119, 120, 144, 155, 167, 169, 170, 185 »., 222, 226, 242, 243, 268 »., 274, 279, 305, 329, 337 ; Sup. 76 Edward IV, i. 15, 247 »., 248 «., 273, 277 re., 300 «., 301, 309. 389 n. ; ii. 256, 259, 260, 266, 277, 338, 368 ; iii. 14, 151, 167, 169, 184 n., 338, 339, 341 ; Sup. 48 ' r 11 INDEX. Edward VI., i. 21 n., 86 «., 170 n., 195, 202, 245 n., 253, 278 re., 281 re., 288, 338, 370 ; h. 28, 50, 91, 95, 102, 212, 279, 291, 293 re., 300 n., 309, 310, 338 ; hi. 132, 133, 140, 173, 220, MS, 227, 245, 314, 341 ; Sup. 43 «., 80 m. Edwards, i. 241 m. ; ii. 339 ; hi. 127 M., 349 ; Sup. 39, 68 re. Edwin, hi. 62 n., 168, 298 Edwy, King, i. 310, 407; ii. 15, 25, 160, 163 Eelys, ih. 272 Effingham, ii. I ; hi. 292 Eebert, King, i. 64 m., 70, 112, 134 »., 1&5 n., 137 M., 145, 146, 147, 152, 200, 316 ; ii. 2 n., 6, 15, 24, 25 »., 56, 57 re., 146, 238, 240 n. : Egbert, of Mercia, h. 238 n. ; of Wessex, ih. 309 m. ; Sup. 26 Egerley, ih. 133 n. Egerton, i. 207 Eggar, hi. 314 Egremont, h. 99 n. Egwald, i. 400 n. Ekersley, i. 171 Elcombe, i. 351 Elden, ih. 204 Eldon, i. 193 ; h. 71 Eldred, ii. 15, 238 ; hi. 295 n. Eleanor, Queen (Hen. IL), i. 292 re. ; h. 170, 172; ih. 76, 80, 81 »., 142; Sup. 78 :— (Hen. HI.), ii. 201, 210, 219, 269; hi. 115 n., 210, 306: — (Edw. I.), h. 277 ; ih. 4, 12, 84 Eleutherius, i. 150 Elfege, ii. 160 : Elfer, h. 160 : Elfieda, i. 329, 330, 334, 341 n., 342 re., 343, 344, 369 ; ii. 37 Elford, hi. 52 Eliot, :i. 113; hi. 146, 147 re. Elizabeth Woodville, Queen (Edw. IV.), h. 256, 260; ih. 14 Elizabeth, Queen, i. 23 «., 25 n., 78 n., 88 n., 125, 130 M., 158, 159 n., 160, 179, 185 «., 204 »., 247 n., 248, 273, 274, 275, 278 «., 279, 283 n., 286, 291, 296 »., 301, 320, 362 «., 391, 392, 397, 416, 417 ». ; ii. 12 »., 20, 21, 44, 45, 50, 51 «., 77, 78 »., 95, 102, 108 m., 110, 111, 112, 115, 137, 140, 141, 152, 173 m., 212, 253 »., 263 »., 270 n., 279, 280, 293, 294, 295, 297, 298, 304, 305, 309, 323 «., 324, 326 re., 329 m., 336, 338, 353 »., 355 »., 368 ; hi. 10, 29, 34, 38 re., 45 «., 47, 49, 56, 61 n., 64, 102, 132, 146, 150, 172 n., 173, 174, 182, 192, 193, 220, 221, 233, 234, 245, 255, 261, 272, 280, 294, 301 »., 312, 314, 319, 341 ; Sup. 31, 33, 43 n., 46, 48, 50, 51, 55, 81 Elizabeth (daughter of Charles I.), Sup. 44, 45, 46, 47 m., 49, 50, 51, 53, 54 Elliot, or Elliott, h. 113 n. ; hi. 281, 288 Ellis, i. 33 m. ; h. 322 ; ih. 215 n., 280 Elly, ih. 176 Elmer, i. 243 Elmeressone, i. 284 n. Elmes, ih. 126 n. Elmsley, or Elmslie, i. 163 n. ; h. 247 Elmstan, i. 72 M., 112, 114 «., 151, 152, 200 Elphege, i. 95, 96, 114, 134 «.; ii. 3, 16 Elric, ii. 26, 165 Elsi, i. 371 ; ih. 293 Elstan, i. 119 12 Elton, hi. 341 Elured, Rex, i. 64 m., 145 ; h. 101 n. Elveat, Ulvet, or Oliver, ih. 223 ». Elwin, ih. 168 n. Elvas, ii. 176 Elvs, hi. 217 Ernes, i. 190 Emma, Queen, i. 57 m., 64 n., 70, 71, 72 »., 73 »., 115, 133 «., 134 ,u, 135 »., 136 »., 137 m., 138 re., 139 n., 145, 311, 316, 334, 383 ». ; h. 106, 107 «., 161 «., 162; Sup. 27 Empson, i. 365 ; hi. 185, 262 m. Emrys, Prince, i. 385 ; ih. 45, 98 «., 197 Englefield, i. 340 ; h. 275, 346, 361 ; Sup. 12 n. ; ih. 87, 281 Engleis, or Engleys, ih. 149, 269 re., 319 n. English, or Englysh, h. 177, 1S4, 304 ; ih. 220 «., 326 ; Sup. 73 re. Ennis, ih. 343 Entwesle, i. 160 Ereheband, hi. 319 n. Erie, h. 58, 167 Erlisman, i. 206 Erm, ii. 158 n. Ermyght, h. 101 Ernald, h. 191 Ernys, Erneis, or Ernisius, i. 266 n. ; h. 278 ;iii. 12 Erpingham, h. 142 m., 254 Errington, h. 184; ih. 181 -«. Ersbdne, ii. 79 m. Escote, h. 69, 244 ; ih. 10, 148, 153 Escures, ii. 212 n. ; hi. 73, 129, 215 n., 287n. Espic, ii. 219 Essex, i. 76 ; ii. 44, 230, 294 n., 324 ; hi. 164 n., 253, 263 Estcourt, Sup. 49 n. Estemeste, i. 418 Esteney, ih. 122, 123 Estur, ih. 154 n. ; Sup. 57 Esturmy, h. 293, 293 n. ; hi. 142, 325 Estwicke, ii. 14 Ethelbald, i. 401 ; h. 238 n. : Ethel- bert, i. 146, 147, 334 n. ; ii. 238: Ethelburg, i. 399 n. : Etheldred, i. 123 7i., 125 n. : Ethelfleda, i. 330: Ethelheerd, i. 138 n. ; h. 163 : Ethel- hilda, i. 343 : Ethelmar, 106 re., 129, 151, 152, 233; ii. 160, 162: Ethel red, Rex, i. 64 n., 95, 104, 115, 132 7i., 134 m., 135 7i., 137 n., 139 n., 145 146, 147, 148, 310, 311, 334 »., 342 n., 388 ; h. 7. 10, 16, 37, 38, 57, 76, 86, 101, 105, 106, 146, 160, 161, 162, 164, 167, 238; hi. 72, 162, 163, 208: Ethelred IL, i. 268 n., 316, 344; h. 160, 163 ; hi. 333 ; Sup. 26, 27 : Archbishop, i. 113: Ethelstan, ii. 3, 57, 165 n. : Ethelweard, i. 310, 312, 319 ; h. 146, 163, 238 ; ih. 208 : Ethelwold, i. 322 «., 329, 330, 344 ; h. 3, 4 n., 6, 25, 48 ; hi. 323 : Ethel- wolf, i. 112, 116, 137 «., 137 n., 138 n., 148, 152, 200, 266 m., 316, 331 n. ; ii. 37, 159, 238 n., 239, 240 n. Etherege, ih. 246 n. EtwaU, h. 270 n. ; hi. 238 n. Etwin, ih. 168 n. Eu, Ewe, or Ow, hi. 38, 206 n. Eustace, i. 331, 332 re. ; h. 173 ; hi. 14 Evance, Sup. 81 n. Evans, i. 414; h. 329 n. ; hi. 132, 146 n. Evelin, or Evelyn, h, 67 ; hi. 147 n. Everard, i, 334 ; ih. 128 Evered, i. 206 Evreux, h. 166, 167 ; iii. 317, 318 Ewald, i. 402 Ewart, i. 228 Ewell, i. 387 n. Ewens, i. 290 n. Exeter, i. 76 ; ii. 257, 263 Exton, ii. 312, 317 n., 318 ; hi. 147 m., 238 m. Exule, i. 188 Eyles, h. 67 Eyre, i. 80, 84, 184, 208 ; h. 326 ; ih. 50, 106, 124, 126, 127, 182, 2hb Ezi, i. 404 ; h. 166, 352 Faber, ii. 220 n. Fabian, ih. 221, 269 Fairfax, ih. 50, 254, 343 Fairle, ii. 109 re. Falconer, or Fauconer, hi. 215 re. Falke, h. 108 Falkener, i. 210 m. Falkland, i. 208 ; Sup. 32 m. Fanhope, ii. 254 n. Fanshawe, h. 200 n. ; hi. 353 Fantosme, i. 200 Farcy, ih. 153 Farlington, i. 206 Farmer, h. 281 Farnhall, ih. 122, 123 Farnysh, hi. 220 m. Farquharson, i. 30 ; ii. 14 n. Farrant, ih. 286 Farrar, hi. 178, 288 Farro, ih. 264 m. Faukus, h. 73 Faulconbridge, ii. 3 m., 260 Fauntleroye, ii. 20 Fawcet, h. 281 Fawne, h. 50, 265 ; ih. 172 Fearne, hi. 346 Featherstonaugh, iii. 346 Fehden, h. 96 re. ; hi. 146 «. Feilht, ih. 129 m. FeU, i. 80; h. 113 FeUows, Warden, i. 186 re. ; Sup. 13, 51 m., 63 Felton, ih. 342 Fenton, or Bestwick, hi. 235, 256, 289, 291 Fermor, ih. 140, 246 Ferrar, h. 110 n. Ferrard, ii. 22 Ferrers, h. 84, 221 «., 284 n. ; hi. 273 Ferrey, hi. 102, 104, 104 it., 106, 135 Ferry, hi. 344 Festham, i. 205 Feteplace, Fetyplace, or Fettiplace, h. 295 ; ih. 56, 263, 294 n. Feutever, hi. 210 n. •F/arrer, hi. 289 .F/itziames, i. 377 Ffloxe, h. 253 Field, ii. 327 n. ; hi. 372 n. Fielding, ih. 267 Fiennes, Fennis, or Fenys, i. 203, 208 ; h. 94, 251, 253; ih. 263 »., 274 m., 331 Fifield, i. 367, 416 ; h. 291 «.. 359 ; hi. 186 Figge, ih. 131 m. Filer, i. 211 n. Filmer, h. 46 m. Finch, ih. 228 Fiott, h. 337 Firmstone, i. 210 , ii. 36 Fisher, ii. 23, 50 m., 116 , hi. 2, 263 n., 275, 275 m., 276, 280 ; Sup. 81 „. Fitch, ih. 133 n. INDEX. Fitz Aas, hi. 224 Fitz Adam, ii. 169 n. ; hi. 219 n., 240, 270 m., 326 Fitz Alan, or Allan, ii. 192, 192 «.; ih. 27, 259 Fitz Alexander, ii. 207 «. ; hi. 224 Fitz Alured de Blacheford, ih. 149 Fitz Andrew, ii. 210 Fitz Athulph, ii. 277 Fitz Ayor, ii. 278 Fitz Baderon, hi. 163 Fitz Balder, ih. 205 m., 272 Fitz Berenger, ii. 276 «. Fitz Bernard, ih. 116 m. Fitz Criet, ii. 181 Fitz Geoffrey, ih. 40, 143 Fitz Gerald, ii. 195 n. ; ih. 25 m., 115, 116 m., 118_m., 163, 311,324 Fitz Hamon, ih. 37 Fitz Harris, hi. 104 Fitz Henry, hi. 336 Fitz Herbert, ii. 19, 84, 86, 104, 104 »., 174, 184, 202, 203, 213, 226 ; hi. 26, 121 «.. 123, 129 »., 149, 150, 181 »., 214 ».; 240, 270 »., 271, 327, 336 Fife Hugh, ii. 174, 179, 203, 312 »., 351 «. ; hi. 239 «., 258 »., 299, 300 Fitzjames, i. 377; ii. 121 n. ; ih. 41, 227 m. Fitz John, ii. 192 «., 199, 199 »., 210, 227 »• ; hi. 121 M., 143 Fitz Knight, ii. 198 n. Fitz Matthew, ii. 201 -»., 213 »., 226 ; ih. 296, 336 n. Fitz Murdac, hi. 163 Fitz Neale, hi. 225 m., 258 n. Fitz Nigel, hi. 225 m. Fitz Oliver, hi. 223, 324 Fitz Osbom, u. 166, 167, 168; Sup. 54 Fitz Osgar, hi. 210 n. Fitz Osmond, hi. 145 n., 149 Fitz Other, hi. 206 n. Fitz Paine, or Payne, iii. 244 n., 259, 311 Fitzpatriek, hi. 133 Fitz Peter, ii. 105, 174, 176, 178 n., 184, 222, 276 «. ; hi. 212, 213, 214, 224 n., 242, 270, 298 Fitz Philip, hi. 270 n. Fitz Piers, h. 174, 174 n, ih. 123, 274 m. Fitz Ralph, ih. 270 n. Fitz Ranulph, ii. 173 n. Fitz Reginald, ih. 149 Fitz Richard, ii. 270 ; hi. 164, 223 n. Fitz Robert, i. 281 n. ; ii. 176, 193 n., 197n., 199 n.; hi. 115, 161 Fitz Roger, hi. 115 Fitz Roscelin, ii. 222 Fitz Ruald, ih. 270 m. Fitz Stephen, h. 174 Fitz Tancred, hi. 270 n. Fitz Thomas, h. 219; ih. 12, 118 Fitz Waleran, hi. 68 Fitz Walkelin, iu. 299 Fitz Walter, h. 192 »., 199, 199 «., 220 ; hi. 143, 155, 210 »., 262 «., 328 Fitz Warren, or Waryn, h. 193 M., 227 »., 248 FitzwiUiam, i. 390 ; h. 363 ; hi. 263, 270 m., 328 Fixer, hi. 220 n. Flambard, or Flambart, ih. 36 »»., 110, 111, 111 m., 112 Flanders, h. 179 »., 181 ¦«., 189 -«., 197 m. ; Sup. 27 ilea, ih. 343 Fleetwood, i. 323, 416 ; h. 283. Fleming, Flemeng, or Flemyng, i. 338, 366, 369, 370, 393, 393 «., 394, 411 ; ii. 96 m., 109, 109 «., 110, 110 n., Ill, 111 M., 112, 112 »., 113, 113 «., 114, 115, 119, 126, 127, 129, 132, 187, 204, 211 m., 231, 236 »., 271, 278, 289 re., 298, 303, 304, 313 m., 314 »., 317 re., 326, 326 «., 327, 332, 333, 336 »., 351 m. ; hi. 193 »., 220 re., 236 ». ; Sup. 33, 34, 47 »., 77 Fleshmonger, i. 180 »., 181 »., 207. Fletcher, i., 413 ; h. 88 ; ih. 237, 252 Flete, ii. 272 Flower, i. 190 Floyer, ih. 238 ». Fly, ih. 285 ». Foghel, ii. 268, 303 Fol, h. 217 ». ; ih. 27 Folcher, a. 169 Fohat, i. 271 ». Foliot, Foillet, or Foylet, ih. 83 «., 112, 115, 120, 129, 129 n., 302, 303 m. Foot, ii. 96 n. Forbes, ih. 51, 71 Forbor, h. 273 Forde, or Forde, i. 78, 208 ; h. 178 «., 238 n., 294 n., 327 Forder, i. 229 ; ii. 96 n. ; ai. 285 n. Fore, ii. 329 n. Forest, or Forrest, i. 234, 241 ; ih. 150 n., 328. Forester, h. 268, 271 ; hi. 123 «., 215, 329 Fornum, or Fonuner, ih. 302 Forster, h. 110, 326 ; iii. 275 n. Forte, i. 309 Fortescue, ih. 264 ; Sup. 56 Forth, h. 12 Fortin, h. 177 »., 199, 210, 230, 231, 271, 278, 304; hi. 151, 151 «., 152, 157 Fortrey, ii. 298 Foster, i. 338 ; h. 112 »., 119, 363 FothergiU, ih. 269 Fouey, ih. 220 n. Foulis, i. 75 n. ; hi. 330 m. Fowcber, hi. 12 n. Fowke, ii. 312 m. Fowler, i. 207 Fox, or Foxe, i. 28 »., 41, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 69, 70, 71 m, 72, 73 «., 83, 93, 102, 115, 124, 145, 146, 149, 152, 197, 204 »., 207, 216, 225, 229 n., 230 »., 235, 323, 332 n., 334, 337 «., 349, 361, 364, 400 n. ; h. 11, 43, 77, 86, 88, 116, 287, 374; ih. 2, 139, 210 m., 212, 226, 233, 339, 343 n, ; Sup. 42 Foxholes, ii. 254 Foxley, hi. 293, 294 Foyle, h. 313 m., 333 Frampton, or Framton, hi. 148, 253 n. Francis, or Frances, i. 168, 169, 188 ; h. 129, 211 »., 261, 320 Frahkelin, or Franklin, ii. 79, 322, 323 ; hi. 239, 291 Fraunces, or Fraunceys, i. 186 m., 188 ; hi. 311 »., 328 Frazer, ii. 330 Frederick, h. 80 Freeland, hi. 252 «. Freeman, ii. 312 n. Frend, hi. 269 m. Frene, iii. 330 Freschvhle, ih. 255 Freuschemour, ii. 272 Frie, h. 367 ». Frithstan, i. 109, 113, 114 m., 151, 310, 388 ; h. 2, 159 Frame, ih. 176 n. Fromond, i. 186 »., 190, 209 «., 243, 244; h. 99, 129; iii. 54, 122, 123, 123 M., 278, 319 Fiost, ai. 287 Froud, hi. 281 Froxcroft, ih. 290 Frye, or Ffry, ai. 271 »., 236, 314 Fucher, or Fulcher, ih. 12, 91 n., 117 Fulcoin, or Fulcuin, hi. 62 n. Fulcold, hi. 323 Fulebiert, i. 285 m. Fulford, hi. 56 Fulham, i. 76 Fuller, h. 114, 115, 118, 119, 359; hi. 74 »., 146, 146 »., 181 FuUet, ih. 129 n. Furneys, hi. 264 M. Furze, ih. 74 n. Fussell, ii. 291 n. FHtur, a. 278 Fuylett, hi. 129 m. Fycas, iii. 217 Fyfhide, i. 309 ; ih. 171, 186 Fylde, i. 190 GabeU, i. 188, 207 Gabriel, i. 275 n. Gace, h. 196, 198 Gadbury, ii. 322, 323 Gage, h. 35, 43, 45, 349 ; ih. 252, 253, 253 m. Gager, Sup. 80 n. GaiUard of Bordeaux, ii. 188, 194, 195 GaUaway, hi. 346 GaUiridge, h. 358 GaUop, i. 367 ; ii. 121 »., 312, 312 re., 313 m., 317, 326 M., 327, 343, 353 ; iii. 115 m. Gamone, hi. 211 Gardiner, or Gardner, h. 278 ; iii. 117, 115 »., 176, 352 Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Win chester, i. 57, 61, 62 re., 63, 70, 71 v.., 124, 125, 142 m., 152, 364; ii. 51, 53, 83, 84, 90 «., 129, 265 »., 292, 293 Gamier, i. 79, 131, 146, 210 «., 359, 364, 365 Gamy, ih. 286 Garrett, i. 86 »., 190 ; hi. 40, 159 Gary, ih. 286 Gasc, ih. 220 m. Gatehouse, hi. 181 Gater, h. 119, 211 re. Gates, hi. 285 n. Gauden, hi. 41, 280 Gauntlett, i. 164, 376 ; h. 101 m. Gawen, h. 102, 319 Gayer, ih. 295 n. Geale, hi. 314 Geary, ih. 285, 286 Geffres, i. 189 Genays, hi. 290 Geney, or Genney, h. 65 m., 142 ». Geoffrey, i. 308 ; h. 68, 103, 104, 104 «., 174 »., 178, 356; iii. 78, 101, 282 George I., i. 302 »., 406 ; h. 30, 42 re., 55 ; ih. 134, 256, 291 :— George IL, i. 252 re., 260 n. ; ii. 33, 45, 115, 133 ; hi. 329, 269 n. ; Sup. 50 :— George III., i. 8 »., 85. 175, 208, 274, 279, 283 »., 406 ; ii. 1 »., 92, 115, 120, 121, 333, 335, 337 ; hi. 5 «., 32, 39, 56, 58, 97, 132, 335; Sup. *0 v.: —George IV, i. 85,294 ; h. 86, 333, 334 ; hi. 181 »., 295 n. ; Sup. 62 n. : — George, Prince of Denmark, i. 302 n. j hi. 346 -3 INDEX. George, i. 347 m., 365, 417 m. Gereberd, ih. 212, 307 Germayn, hi. 212, 242, 284 Gerneys, i. 170 ; ih. 212 Gervase, or Gerveys, i. 345, 411 ; u. 276, 277, 283, 289 Gose, n. 231, 277, 278 Goyra, Princess, h. 160 m., 161 •«. Ghayle, h. 226 Ghost, ih. 41, 52 Gibbon, i. 327 n. ; hi. 320. 322, 347 Giffard, Bishop, i. 75, 115, 116, 128, 135 «., 151; h. 59, 67, 68, 100 m., 101 m., 269 Gifford, or Giffard, ii. 20, 166, 192, 193 re., 227 m., 231, 275, 294 m., 336 m. ; ih. 115, 139, 216 »., 239 «., 246 Gilbert, i. 189 ; ii. 210, ih. 187 Gileberd, ih. 318 GUes, hi. 140 m., 313 n. Gilge, ih. 282 Gill, i. 340 GUlam, hi. 288 Gilmot, hi. 266 Gilpin, hi. 43, 44, 75, 90 Girdlestone, Sup. 76 Giros, hi. 128 M. Glasspole, h. 79 »., 102, 103 Glos, ih. 129 m. Glossop, i. 365 Gloucester, h. 229 »., 250, 257, 258, 333 ; hi. 184, 292 m., 294 m., 307, 314, 317, 318, 321, 333, 338 Glyn, or Glynne, ii. 326 ; Sup. 35 m. Goade, hi. 146 Gobert, ih. 42 Gocelyn, h. 38, 65 Goddard, or Godard, i. 197, 207; h. 291 «., 326 ; ih. 41, 133 n., 147 »., 179, 264, 278 Godefridus, i. 128, 149 ; h. 68 m. Goderic, ih. 8, 9 Godfrey, i. 365, 413; ii. 262 n, 312 n., 326 m. ; ih. 70, 74 «., 233 Godmanston, h. 128 Godolphin, ih. 331 Godrich, Goodricke, or Godric, h. 164, 192, 327 m.; hi. 62 •«., 97, 110, 110 n., Ill, 187, 273 Godwin, Godewyne, or Goodwin, i. 232, 259, 267 m., 317, 367, 388, 407, 410, 418, 418 m. ; ii. 15, 58, 61, 73, 103, 162, 166, 167, 168 ; ih. 41, 62 «., 115, 136, 298 «., 324; Sup. 27 Goffe, h. 318 ; ih. 134 n., 156 GogiU, hi. 133 M. Goier, ii. 73 Goisfrid,i. 418 ; h. 49 ; ih. 209, 208m., 218 Gold, hi. 179 Golde de la Pole, ih. 127 Goldiff, ih. 210 re. Golding, i. 179, 188, 205 Golditha, h. 278 Goldsmith, ii. 194 ; hi. 185 Goldstan, hi. 168 m. Goldwyer, hi. 130, 134 n. GoUop, i. 367; h. 312 re. Gomes, h. 254 Gondithorp, ih. 166 m. Good, h. 351 ; ih. 126 n. GoodaU, hi. 291 Goodby, ih. 52 Goodear, Goodyear, Goodyer, or Goud- yer, ii. 360 ; ih. 6, 227, 289 Goore, hi. 147 m. Gordlor, hi. 291 Gordon, or Gurdon, i. 210 m. ; h. 1, 276, 330; in. 306, 307, 308, 315; Sup. 14 »., 38, 61 re., 69 re. 14 Gorge, or Gorges, h. 112 n.. 263 m., 305, 333; hi. 64 «., 119, 263 Goring, h. 349 ; ih. 343 ; Sup. 54 n. Gort, Sup. 51 7i., 63 Goscelin, ih. 168 Gosmore, or Gosmer, hi. 217, 218 GosneU, i. 158, 170 Goson, hi. 322 n. Goter, ii. 164 m., 317 Goude, hi. 167, 180 ' Gough, hi. 174 Goute, or Gute, hi. 6, 227 Govagre, i. 418 Grace, i. 252, 274 n. Gradige, ii. 96 n. Graeme, Graham, or Grim, hi. 197 m. ; Sup. 62 «. Grafton, h. 363 Graine, ii. 81 m. Grandison, ih. 120 m. Grant, h. 278 Granville, h. 43 re. Gras, ih. 303, 303 m. Gravatt, i. 82 Graves, or Greaves, i. 366 ; iii. 314 Gray, or Grey, i. 191, 395 ; h. 43, 166, 168, 171, 172, 175, 238, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 261, 264, 282, 282 »., 293, 350, 365, 369 ; hi. 38, 116, 170, 171, 172, 184, 193 m., 213; Sup. 81 m. Green, or Grene, i. 184, 205, 353, 354, 364; h. 41 ; hi. 135, 160 M., 220 M., 227, 238 n. ; Sup. 40 Greenwood, hi. 161 M. Greggor, ii. 221 n. Gregory IX., h. 75 m. ; ih. 83 Gregorv of Stanham, h. 270, 271 Gregory, hi. 238 re. ; Sup. 69 Grenvflle, h. 47, 134 re. ; ih. 16 Greville, h. 294 m. Grewaker, i. 189 Griffin, or Griffyn, ih. 120, 174, 220 m., 347 Griffith, h. 286 n., 321 ; ih. 255 Griffiths, Sup. 33 Grimbald, St., i. 105 n., 106 »., 306, 310 ; h. 68 re., 89 m. Grimes, ih. 197 n. Grhnstede, or Grymstede, h. 38, 206, 220; ih. 65, 119, 129 Grocyn, i. 207 Grofton, hi. 264 Grosteste, Bishop, ih. 234 Grove, or Groves, i. 378 ; h. 318 Grue, ii. 209 Gubby, hi. 282 Gudran, h. 161 re. Guerin, ih. 181 Guidott, h. 289, 300, 300 »., 301 n. ; hi. 174, 178, 286 GuiUam, Guillame, or Guillim, h. 359 ; hi. 285 m., 349 Guillamott, h. 281 Guiscard, ii. 233 Guise, h. 20 Guitolin, ih. 204 Guitton, hi. 48 Guletic, i. 384 Gumble, i. 77 Gunner, i. 3m., 10 m., 21 n., 26 re., 27 m., 29 m., 30 m., 32 re., 74 re., 86 n., 93 «., 154 m., 155 m., 162 m., 163 m., 178 n., 181 m., 184 re., 185 «., 186 »., 188 »., 189 »., 200 »., 201 m., 209 n., 239 n., 293 m. ; h. 166 re. Guortheginus, or Vortigcn, i. 385 ; iii. 182 m. Gurdepack, iii. 210 re., 211 Gurdon, see Gordon Gutheridge, ih. 342 n. Guy, i. 32, 33; ii. 3 »., 63, 164 »., 165 »., 217 m. ; ih. 27, 165, 210 n. Gwynne, i. 19, 22 m., 88, 91 M., 362 re. ; hi. 289 Gy, Sh WiUiam, h. 266 Gyflard, see also Gifford, h. 251 ; in. 310, 350, 351 Gyles, hi. 148 Gylmyn, i. 289 n. Gypton, h. 261 Hacharb, h. 209 Hack, ih. 285 m. Hadewisa, i. 331, 353 ; h. 270 ; ia. 114, 115 m. Hadrian, iii. 197 ; Sup. 16, 24 Hagar, h. 9 Hagheman, hi. 212, 213 n. Hakluyt, i, 186 m. ; h. 125, 125 m. Hales, i. 233 ; ii. 133 ; hi. 10, 62 n. HaU, or Hal, i. 309, 367 ; h. 126, 321 ; hi. 60 m., 227, 228, 235 n., 282, 385 m., 291, 331 ; Sup. 65 HaUey, hi. 173, 281 Halls, Sup. 41 Halsey, or Halstead, h. 43 m. ; ih. 337 HalsweU, h. 11, 294 m. Halwine, ih. 188 Ham, or De Hamme, h. 251 m., 322; hi. 268 m. Hambrough, Sup. 66 Hamilton, Sup. 71 m. Hammond, ih. 254 ; Sup. 49 M. ; 51 ¦«¦., 52, 53 Hamo, i. 373 n. ; h. 251 ; ih. 214 Hampton, Hamton, or De Hampton, i. 208 ; h. 221, 222, 224, 225, 228. 229, 269, 276, 277, 327 n. ; hi. 222, 222 m., 275 re., 305 ; Sup. 81 M. Hamund, hi. 211 Hanburv, Handbury, or Hanberie, iii. 57, liB re., 319, 320 Hancock, or Handcock, i. 146, 147 ; h. 285 re., 286 «. ; hi. 1 27, 130 Handlawe, or De Handlo, hi. 185, 186 Handley, h. 11 Hankin, hi. 289 Hanmer, hi. 293 Hannam, Sup. 39 Hannyngton, ih. 221, 227 Hansom, Sup. 76 Hanson, hi. 177, 179 Hanway, h. 331, 331 n. ; iii. 349 Hapgood, Sup. 39 Harald, ih. 239 Harbard, h. 290 ; ih. 289 Harby, Sup. 54 n. Harcort, h. 96 n. Harcourt, Sup. 76 n. Hardicnut, i. 64 re., 72, 73, 137 »., 138 re., 145, 316, 334«. ; a. 161 m., 167 Hardwicke, ii. 282; ih. 176 »»., 2:j6 ; Sup. 50, 51 Hardwin, h. 177 re., 216, 271, 315 Hardy, i. 275 n. Hardyng, i. 207, 300 : h. 70 Hare, i. 208, 320 M ; h. 74 re. ; hi. 310 Harebotel, ih. 218 Harewode, or Do Harewode, ii. 261, 332 ; hi. 287 Harfell, or Harfield, i. 77 ; ih. 238 n. Harland, h. 80 Harman, or Horeman, i. 206, 207 Harmar, i. 33 -«., 179, 204, 206: ii 327 m. Harmond, ii. 35 Harmsworth, ii. 34 Harold, i. b07, 316; ii. 160 re., 1(1 1, 162, INDEX. 163, 163 m., 164, 167, 169, 194 ; hi. 206, 281, 296 ; Sup. 27 Harper, ih. 39 Harpesfeld, Harpsfield, Harpesfield, Harpesfelde, or Harsfelde, i. 33 n., Ill «., 194 »., 208 ; ii. 84, 85, 85 »., 129, 129 m. ; iii. 220 n., 266, 311 n. Harriett, hi. 246 m., 311 n. Harrington, ii. 78, 213 ; ui. 255 Harris, or Harrys, i. 77, 179, 184, 188, 190, 191, 192, 204, 206, 208, 364, 365; h. 30, 31, 35, 110, 134 n., 293 »., 350 n. ; iii. 32, 74, 104, 105, 106, 107, 130, 133 m., 221,264,264 m. Harris, Mr., of Ryde, Sup. 75 Harrison, i. 242 ; hi. 254, 291, 353 Harte, iii. 92 HarteU, hi. 157 Hartley, ii. 354, 355 Hartop, h. 361 ; hi. 254 Harvey, ih. 133 n., 248 ; Sup. 32, 68 m. Harward, i. 228 »., 241 ; ii. 116 Harwood, h. 60 ; ih. 147 re. Haryngton, h. 253 Haselford, hi. 341 Haselrigg, or Hazelrig, ih. 250, 344 Haskar, ii. 343 «., 344 n. ; ai. 238 n. HassaU, or HasseU, hi. 320 n., 321 -«. ; Sup. 4 m., 32 m., 75 Hastings, Hastynges, or De Hastinge, h. 22 »., 226, 369; iii. 95 »., 184 «., 244, 268 »., 278, 344 HaukeviU, ih. 275 Havelok, h. 187 n. Hawisa, or Hawysia, i. 312 ; ii. 174 m. ; ih. 317 Hawke, h. 114, 126 Hawkes, Sup. 47 n. Hawkesworth, hi. 345 Hawkins, i. 77, 267 n. ; ii. 301 n. , iii. 7, 71, 252, 294, 295 Hawles, ii. 20 Hay, h. 271, 351 Haydock, or Haydoke, h. 20, 336 n. Hayes, ih. 342 n. Hayles, i. 287 m., 290 n. Hayter, i. 208 Hayward, i. 337, 345; ii. 41 Haywardyn, h. 342 Hazard, h. 175 n. Hazel, hi. 322 Heahdfyrth, h. 57 ; Healfa, ii. 57 Hearn, Hearne, or Heme, i. 289 it. ; ih. 228, 270 »., 293 n. ; Sup. 140 Heath, or Heathe, ih. 221, 285 n., 287 m. ; Sup. 72, 81 n. Heathcote, i. 179 »., 193, 321, 362, 364 ; ii. 23 ». Heather, h. 312 m. Heathoric, ii. 251 n. Hedda, i. 95, 108, 110, 111, 148, 150 Hedington, i. 415 Hegh, ii. 247 Heldred, ih. 324 Hele, ia. 230 HeUen, ii. 90 ; Sup. 34 n. HeUier, Hehares, HeUyer, Helj'ar, or Helyor, hi. 220 re., 285, 289, 290 re., 354 ; Sup. 72, 76 n. Heman, hi. 265 Hemele, ih. 68, 69 Hencocke, ih. 133 m, Hendeman, h. 69 Hendy, Sup. 73 n. Hendyg, i. 190 ¦ Henley, or De Henlee, ii. 323 »., 336 M. ; iii. 130, 291, 295, 295 n. Henrietta Maria, Queen, i. 57 m. : ih. 232, 247, 344 ; Sup. 60 Henry I., i. 14 »., 31 „., 116, 153, 266, 267, 270, 271, 281 »., 285, 290, 291, 301, 307, 308, 311, 331, 332m., 341 ».; ii. 17, 62, 64, 67, 68, 103, 110 re., 129, 164, 171, 199 m., 217 «., 269, 273, 338; in. 43, 48, 112, 116, 239 re., 270 m., 299, 325, 333 :— Henry IL, i. 23 »., 24 »., 200, 266, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 278, 285, 286 n., 289, 292 »., 297 »., 298 7i., 307 ; ii. 17, 68, 74 »., 103, 104 m., 163, 164, 170, 172, 199, 200, 217, 223, 227 »., 229, 231, 270, 273, 285, 309, 338, 342, 346; ih. 20 «., 23, 24, 28, 36, 79 «., 129 »., 142 m., 164, 165, 167, 185, 213, 270 re., 273, 299, 307 »., 325; Sup. 42 »., 78, 79 :— Henry III., i. 14, 24 n., 90, 92 m., 117, 118, 128 M., 240, 249 m., 266 »., 267, 272, 275, 278 »., 279 »., 281 »., 283, 288 »., 289, 291, 296 «., 297 m., 298 n., 299, 300, 309, 314, 333, 409, 418 n. ; ii. 32 »., 64, 74 re., 76 «., 105, 124, 162 re., 163, 180 »., 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 214, 215, 216, 218, 223, 224, 226, 227 m., 228, 230, 231, 255 n., 273, 276, 303, 304, 307 »., 308, 310, 311 «., 365, 366, 368; iii. 12, 14, 17 »., 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 40, 48, 81 n., 83, 91 «., 115 m., 117, 121 n., 129, 131, 142, 143, 147, 149 »., 150 m., 152, 157, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 185, 209,210, 211, 212 »., 213 M., 214, 216, 219 re., 222, 223, 224, 226, 233, 240, 241, 265, 267 re., 268, 273, 274, 283, 297, 298, 300, 301, 302, 307, 308 m., 310, 325, 326, 327, 328, 333, 334, 335, 336; Sup. 43 m., 79 :— Henry IV., i. 22 »., 123, 217. 248 »., 279 «., 293 re., 309, 405, 413; h. 28 «., 54 »., 72 »., 217 »., 248, 249, 273, 277, 299, 308, 309, 313, 342, 367; iii. 121, 231, 260, 262, 287 :— Henry V., i. 15 »., 16, 18, 24 «., 31 re., 217, 276 re., 281 «., 405, 413; h. 47 «., 165 re., 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 260, 284, 308, 338, 345 n. ; iii. 101m., 121 »., 141, 184 m., 338:— Henry VI., i. 15 re., 19 »., 23 «., 24 »., 25 m., 32 «., 63 re., 109, 123, 130 ».., 185, 186 «., 217, 234, 235, 239 «., 247, 273, 277 »., 278 »., 287 re., 289 re., 290, 2 '1 re., 292, 300 m, 309, 338 M., 359, 405, 416; ii. 65, 252, 254, 257, 259, 277 «., 308, 309, 311 »., 313, 338 ; ih. 121 «., 124, 151, 219, 262, 338 :— Henry VII., i. 101 re., 109, 124 re., 245, 278 m., 290, 406; ii. 19 ; ii. 33 re., 43 »., 94, 261, 269, 309, 342 ; hi. 86, 132, 147, 156, 175, 220, 233, 262 re., 263, 285, 294 re., 338, 339, 341 :— Henry VIIL, i. 15 n., 16 m., 20 re., 57, 87, 113, 133 n., 134 n., 135 7i., 140, 141, 142, 150, 202, 204 »., 208, 209. 239, 244 »., 245, 247, 277 n., 282 re., 292 «., 300, 312, 313, 314, 315, 320, 322, 323, 337 M., 338 »., 380 »., 390, 412 ; ii. 3 re., 11, 12 ¦«., 19, 50, 53, 66, 87, 90, 91, 95, 110, 165 »., 259, 265, 267, 273, 274, 276, 285 »., 289 «., 290, 291, 299, 300 «., 310, 8i5, 332 re., 338, 353, 368; hi. 16 m., 31, 57 re., 64, 65, 87, 105, 124, 125, 130, 139, 163 m., 167, 173, 175, 185 «., 193, 226, 227, 245, 263, 312, 314, 319, 340 ; Sup. 55, 59 «., 77, 80 Henry, Prince of Wales, ii. 52 ; hi. 294 Henry atte Dane, iii. 351 ; atte Hesley, i. 410 Henry, ii. 275 n. ; iii. 337, 345 Henville, i. 188 Heoden, ii. 251 re. Herald, iii. 298 Herbert, i. 115 m., 208, 289 m., 362 «., 387 M., 418; ii. 4 »., 12 »., 104 ¦„., 142 m., 193, 270, 271 ; iii. 58, 58 »., 127 »., 193, 285 m. Herbrand, h. 93 Herding, hi. 309 Herebertus, i. 266 re. ; ii. 328 n. Hereferth, Bishop, i. 112, 151 Hereford, Earl of, h. 61 »., 62, 64, 174 m. ; hi. 213 Hereward, ii. 169, 169 re. ; iii. 269 re. Herfast, ii. 166 m. Herford, hi. 128 Heriard, or De Heriard, Herierd, Herriard, Herrierde, or Heriet, i. 129, 130 »., 147 ; h. 69, 207 re. ; iii. 224, 224 m., 242, 242 M., 266, 270 m. Hering, hi. 69, 211 Herluin, hi. 184 n. Heron, ii. 257 Herring, ih. 147 Herris, ih. 128 m. Herry, ih. 274 M. Hertford, Earl of, h. 60, 293 «., 294, 360, 368, 369 Hertward, ih. 212 Hervarz, ri. 281 Hervey, h. 127, 181 Hesketh, ii. 331 Hesseltine, i. 173 Heton, i. 131 ; h. 326, 326 n. ; hi. 331 » Hewett, or Hewitt, i. 210 re., 407 m. ; ii 341 Hewlett, i. 340 Heybron, h. 98 Heyden, i. 206 Heydock, ih. 297 Heyes, De Heyes, or De Heghes, iii 311, 312, 312 m. Heylyn, h. 29, 30, 44, 79 m., 90 «. ; iii 343 Heyrmit, ih. 130 m. Heytesbury, Sup. 38 Heyward, hi. 267 »¦ Hichcock, or Hitchcocke, hi. 133 it., 217 Hiche, ih. 337 Hickes, or Hicks, hi. 157, 236, 344 Hickman, ii. 96 n., 297 Hide, Sup. 81 n. Higgius, or Higgons, i. 76 ; ih. 236 Higgs, Sup. 73 m. High, i. 211 «., 212 n. Hilary, ih. 41, 62 «., 112, 113 Hildesley, h. 75, 121 m.; iii. 135, 135 re., 136 HULii. 95 ; hi. 181, 182, 280, 286, 291 , Sup. 70 »., 71, 71 m. HUlier, ii. 291 m. ; ih. 176 n. ; Sup. 12 M., 13 »., 22 m., 28, 30 «., 36, 49 n. Hinde, iii. 319 Iline, hi. 285 Hinxman, ih. 173, 178 Hippeley, ih. 84 Hippisley, iii. 342 Hnut-scill, Nutshell, or Shillinge, i. 336. 387, 388, 388 m. Hoadley, i. 81, 86 «., 126, 205, 242 ; ii. 33, 343, 344 ; iii. 277 »., 347 Hoare, or Hoar, i. 139 re. ; ii. SO; iii. 255 m. ; Sup. 81 re. Hobart, i. 417 «• Hobbes. ii. 340 1 5 INDEX Hobby, Hobbey, or Hoby, 1. 320, 321, 395 m. ; h. 95, 95 m., 121 «., 129, 256, 265 m., 287, 323 «. ; hi. 57 n., 140, 246, 247 Hobman, ih. 92 Hobson, Sup. 70 re. Hocings, h. 251 n. Hockley, or Hocley, i. 173 m. ; h. 96 re. Hodener, h. 272 Hodgkin, h. 129 n. Hodgkins, hi. 132 Hodnell, hi. 193, 193 re. Hodsdon, ii. 330 n. Hodson, i. 189 Hoese, De Hoese, or Huese, ii. 186 »., 224, 224 M., 251 /». Hogheles, ih. 297 Hoker, ii. 77 ; ih. 234 m. Holdaway, h. 37 Holden, ih. 351 Holdworth, or Holdsworth, i. 207 ; h. 115 Holeest, ai. 109 re. Holengar, ih 62 m. Holepite, i. 274 n. Holiday, ii. 78 HoU, i. 352 re. Holland, i. 92 n., 320 m., 284 n. ; ii. 99, 117, 118, 179 re., 181, 194, 348, 349 ; iii. 170 Hollis, ii. 14 re. ; ih. 285 n. ; Sup. 35 m. HoUoway, h. 305 ; hi. 227 HoUy, hi. 176 re. Holme, i. 313 Holmes, i. 131, 208, 349, 352, 369 ; ii. 98, 99, 322, 327 ; Sup. 13, 14, 28, 32, 33, 41, 58 M., 80, 81 Holpenett, i. 274 m. Holt, orDe Holt, h. 38, 221 re., 329 re. ; iii. 56, 312 Holtone, hi. 206 Holyman, i. 207 Home, h. 361 Honyns, h. 326 Hood, hi. 71 Hoodon, Sup. 68 m. Hook, or Hooke, i. 208 ; h. 343 n. ; hi. 146 m., 147 m., 222 Hooker, i. 329, 384 n. ; h. 67, 101 m., 360 ; hi. 289, 289 n., 292 Hooking, Sup. 67 m. Hooper, ii. 84, 110 m., 112, 112 n., 113, 301 m. ; ih. 133, 133 m., 134 »., 136, 146 m., 176 m. Hopkins, Hopkyns, Hogesse, or Hodge, i. 190, 320 ; ui. 285 re. ; Sup. 34, 34 «., 35,53 Hopton, ii. 12, 318 ; iii. 50, 249, 250 Hordyr, h. 272, 277, 303 Hore, h. 275 ; iii. 285, 286 ; Sup. 39 Horewod, ih. 319 n. Horn, or Home, i. 75, 88»., 125, 260 n., 370, 392, 414 re. ; h. 231, 281, 359; ih. 293 m., 297, 316 Hornby, hi. 235 n. Horsey, ii. 122, 326 ; hi. 29, 160 ; Sup. 43, 44, 46 m. Hort, ii. 200 n., 320 Hosee, h. 231 Hoskyns, i. 207 Hotten, or Hoton, iii. 124, 282 Houghton, ii. 251 ; iii. 46 Hout, iii. 267 n. How, Sup. 68 n. Howard, i. 71 re., 72 n., 73 m., 208, 308 ; ii. 43 «., 169 n., 326 ; ih. 43, 247, 288, 292 Howe, h. 350 n. ; n. 347, 353 ; Sup. 52 m. 16 HoweU, a. 64, 109 ». ; Sup. 6 Howies, a. 109 m. Howley, i. 192, 207 ; n. 261 Hoy, ii. 121, 327, 351 Huddesley, ih. 131 m. Huddleston, De Hudleston, or Hodles- ton, h. 213 ; hi. 215 m. Hugh Atte Mere, ih. 10 ; Atte Durley, hi. 10 Hughbanlr, Sup. 76 Hughe, h. 267, 268 Hughes, h. 333 ; ui. 346 ; Sup. 38 re. Hulcoop, hi. 282 Hulford, hi. 281 Huh, h. 224, 270 ; ui. 150, 152, 252 Hulse, or HuUes, ii. 312 n. ; ai. 60, 71 Hulton, a. 275, 275 n. Humbert, i. 213 »., 217 »., 218 m., 219 m., 220 »., 224 »., 227 n., 228 «., 229 m., 232 m., 234 m., 235 ¦„., 236 m., 237 m., 240 M., 241 m., 242 Humphrey, i. 131 Humphreys, h. 45 Hunferth.i. Ill, 151 Hungate, h. 37 Hunger, i. 335 Hungerford, i. 14, 17, 352; u. 253, 254; ni. 220, 259, 264, 294 m. Hunscot, ui. 343 Hunsdon, i. 392, 393 n. ; a. 326 n. Hunsige, a. 67 Hunston, a. 75 ». Hunt, or Hunte, i. 235 ; a. 65, 75 n., 108 m., 322; ai. 20 m., 220 m., 227 M., 282, 320 Hunta, hi. 20 n. Hunter, i. 352 Huntingdon, ii. 253, 254, 369, 374 ; hi. 139 Huntingford, i. 192 m., 205, 207 ; h. 76 Hunton, i. 66 m., 102, 130 Hunwin, h. 193 Hurst, i. 83 ; h. 102, 351 Husband, a. 65 Huscarle, hi. 100 Huse, u. 74, 251 n. ; hi. 155 n., 267 m., 294 «., 331 Husee, a. 73, 251, 332 ; ai. 263 Husenbeth, i. 49 ». ; ih. 103 Hussey, h. 22 m., 35, 92, 313 M. ; hi. 317 Hutchinson, i. 290 m., 296 n. ; hi. 281, 285 Hutchison, h. 78, 321 Huttoft, a. 289 Hutton, ni. 281 Huttoste, h. 20 Hwastebore, a. 62 Hyde, i. 131, 206, 207; a 75, 251, 291 m. 332; ih. 26, 27, 132, 174, 271m., 307 m.; Sup. 81m. Hyland, ih. 320 n. Iddebury, i. 389 n. Ifoude, or Ifould, hi. 286 IUyngworth, ih. 220 Ember, i. 164, 252; ih. 105, 130, 131, 133, 146 Lucent, i. 237 «., 241 ; h. 75 n. ; hi. 335 Inge, h. 66 Ingelran, ih. 183 Iuglis, i. 208 Ingram, i. 208 ; ih. 191 Ini, King, i. 108 re., Ill n., 135 n., 327 m., 342 n., 399 n., 400 n. ; ii. 15, 24 Inkepen, Inkpen, Inkpenne, or Ing- penne, h. 27, 54 m., 69 re., 244, 249 ; hi. 146 Inman, hi. 56 Innehurst, hi. 268 n. Innocent II., i. 232, 322 ; h. 89 :— In nocent HI., a 174 m. ; hi. 81, 83, 86: — Innocent IV., hi. 25: — Inno cent VIII., ni. 222 Iolliffe, Sup. 41 Iremonger, i. 83, 211 n. ; hi. 346 Irnham, hi. 66 Ironside, h. 128 Isaacson, ii. 359 Isabella, Queen of John, ii. 174 re., 179, 350 M. ; ai. 333 :— Queen of Ed ward II., a. 125 ; hi. 118, 119 : — Duchess of Clarence, hi. 124 Isembard, n. 186 »., 188, 276 ; hi. 129, 215 Isenberg, Count, i. 304 Isham, ih. 57 Ive, i. 205 Iver, h. 257 Ives, i. 415 ; a. 226 ; ai. 141 Ivnince, Sup. 39 Jack, i. 334, 345 ; h. 314, 333 m. ; ui. 292, 346 Jackson, a. 46, 80, 91 n., 321 ; iii. 277 «., 352 Jacob, i. 15, 86 «., 150, 211, 265 «., 290 »., 357 Jacobine, h. 293 Jaoombe, a. 321 James I., i. 33 m., 56, 57 n., 78 »., 91 »., 186 «., 235, 250, 278 m., 281 re., 301, 302 m., 347, 366 n., 376 M., 417 «. ; a. 21, 22, 60, 78 m., 96 n., 98, 109, 110, 142, 294 »., 304, 305, 309, 338, 360, 368; ih. 29 n., 30, 87, 132, 158, 175, 221, 294 m., 296, 319, 320 ; Sup. 33, 37, 43 m., 55 n., 80 :— James IT., i. 273, 362 n. ; a. 30, 79, 112, 325, 338 ; hi. 50, 134, 157, 167, 345 ; Sup. 81 James V., of Scotland, a. 39, 50 James, or Jeames, i. 81, 107 ; ii. 185, 212 M., 227 re., 308, 309, 340, 356 ; hi. 230, 230 n., 290, 292 n. ; Sup. 19, 20, 38, 47 re., 51 m., 75 Jameson, i. 399, 400 n. Janvaryn, a. 353 re. Janyn, i. 207 Jardine, Sup. 42 Jarett, h. 341 Jarvise, ii 14 ». ; ih. 146 n. Jasper, hi. 86 Jebb, i. 208 Jefferies, or Jeffreys, i. 380 ; h. 117, 120, 327 ; ih. 157, 176, 345 Jenkins, ih. 133 m., 154, 285 »., 288 Jenkinson, i. 207 Jenvey, i 363, 364 Jephson, hi. 147 »., 177 »., 252, 252 n., 263 m. Jervase, i. 334 Jervoise, h. 14 »., 99 n., 186 n. ; hi. 51, 146 m., 215 a., 235, 246, 246 »., 252, 282, 290 Jesse, i. 375, 376 n. ; hi. 104, 315 Jessey, a. 262 «. Jewett, i. 77 Joan, daughter of Henry II. ; ui. 142 m. : — Queen of Henry IV., h. 249 John, King, i. 20 n., 24 «., 31 n., 32 M., 33 re., 117, 128 m., 233, 267 »., 272, 274, 275, 276 n., 279 m., 286 n., 287 »., 289, 290 m., 292 n., 293 n., 304 n. ; u. 26, 43 re., 63, 103, 105, 123, 124 m., 163, 165 m., 171 m., 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, INDEX. 183, 184, 185, 189, 190, 192, 194 n., 195 m., 197 m., 199, 200, 203, 217, 222, 223, 224, 227 »., 229, 230, 237, 262 »., 270, 273, 274 »., 276 »., 304, 308, 325, 338, 365 n. ; iii. 3, 9, 23, 24, 26, 67, 61, 66, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 101, 115, 121 m., 132, 142, 143, 152, 155, 161 m., 165, 167, 187, 206, 209, 213 M., 239 m., 274, 299, 300, 306, 307, 310, 311, 315, 317, 321, 322 n., 325, 327, 333, 335, 336 John atte BeUe, ih. 269 m. : atte Bergh, hi. 120 : atte Berwe, hi. 305 : atte Cornere, h. 267 : atte Crouch, iii. 180 : atte Dene, ih. 292 m. : atte Devere, hi. 312: atte Halle, hi. 184 »., 242 : atte Hawe, iu. 269 n. : atte Lamputte, hi. 212 : atte Mere, iii. 269, 284 m. : atte Moure, ih. 266, 292 m. : atte Perones, hi. 304 : atte Putte, ii. 68 : atte Watere, iii. 242 : atte Twe, ii. 73 John of Baddesley, h. 86 : of Basing stoke, ih. 234 : of Dunwick, ii. 210 : of Edington, i. 337 : of Estrope, hi. 211 : of Elderton, ii. 242 : of Exeter, i. 70 m., 95 m., 96, 97 n., 100 »., 118, 119, 149: of London, ii. 213; ih. 303 : of Monmouth, hi. 24, 25, 26, 27, 81, 82, 101 : of Romsey, i. 352, 404 ; h. 270 : of Salisbury, hi. 37 n. : t of Stanham, h. 270, 277 : of Stone- , ham, h. 109 re. : of WeUs, h. 270 : of IWinchcombe, i. 357 son, i. 15, 160, 181 M., 188 re., 192 194 n., 196 »., 203 »., 206, 207, 254, 254 m., 290 n., 339 n. ; h. 146 »., 286 ; ih. 133 »., 251, 252 Ihnstone, h. 17 JolUffe, ai. 317, 320, 321 n. Jclnes, Inigo, i. 56 -». ; 57 n.. [64 m. ; iii. 295 m. i. 189 ; a. 11, 79, 80, 320. |m.; ai. 146, 181, 281, 286, 289, 353; |Sup. 32 son, hi. 220 re. dan, ii. 185; ai. 115, 300, 361 leph, ii. 23 Vler, alias Knight, Sup. 73 m. Ice, hi. 196, 279 |e, or Joie, ai. 304 der, a. 196, 198 s, a. 318 fea, h. 226 la Domna, ih. 195 ; Sup. 17 Julj 'ana, i. 332, 333, 414 j^ bice de Reading, hi. 220 m., 262 «., o 36 61 344 KaiKa Ka peline, h. 277 ;e, ia. 216 piun, ui. 336 "" 266 _ -S. 327 £eai. 369, 370 ; ui. 280 ffl. 208 *M ¦:. 318, 319, 320 £bC. 265 5ee'r 95 n. £eel,Sup. 55 m. 5e?t 65 ^306 ; Sup. 44 m. Kele Kell Sv 128 46 M., 237 M., 300 M., 374 ; 1R.,-6, 9, 10, 11, 12 n., 14 «., l°1, 19 M., 22, 23, 24, 29 »., Iff, 39, 40, 47, 47 »., 51 «., Kelly, i. 240 M.; ii. 297 Kelsey, h. 291 n. ; iu. 288 Kemis, ui. 177 Kemp, or Kempe, a. 102 ; hi. 127 n., 146 m., 219 », 228, 261 Kempenfelt, hi. 347 Kempster, u. 131, 360 Ken, i. 88, 185 m., 191, 196 re., 207, 362 Kennedy, i. 326; h. 330; Sup. 32, 38 Kenny, ai. 212 ». Kenrick, Sup. 47 m. Kent, Duchy of, Sup. 63 Kent, i. 184 re., 198, 253, 349, 351, 352, 369 ; a. 70, 71 n., 96 »., 125 ; hi. 13, 53, 170, 261 Kentissch, hi. 284 Kenulphus, i. 70, 72 M. Keppel, h. 42, 314 Ker, hi. 179 Kerby, or Kerbye, i. 252, 367, 416 Keret, hi. 216 n. Kemot, Sup. 63 Kerr, hi. 286 Kerrick, i. 345 Kerry, i. 356 ; hi. 282 Kervelye, h. 129 m. Kesewyk, i. 188 Keton, ii. 273 Killigrew, h. 256 ; hi. 263 m KUwardy, h. 152 Kinewalchen, ii. 57 : Kinewald, i. 64 re., 145 ; ii. 6 : Kinewlf, hi. 68 : Kin- gilsus, Rex, i. 64 m., 70, 145 King, or Kyng, i. 71 m., 184 n., 191, 337, 396 ; h. 50 n. ; ih. 254 «., 287, 289 Kingsbury, ii. 363 m. Kingscote, i. 207 Kingsley,i. 319 m., 320 m.; ii. 17, 162 re.; hi. 296 Kingsmill, or Kyngsmyll, i. 57, 75, 91 »., 107 m., 130, 394 m.; h. 30, 101 «., 117, 326 »., 369 m. ; iii. 57, 177, 177 »., 193, 193 M., 216, 220, 233, 263 m., 275 n. Kingston, or Kyngeston, h. 39, 61, 281 Kirby, i. 367 ; hi. 275 re. Kirkby, or Kirkeby, i. 416 ; h. 105 Kirkesby, h. 254 ; hi. 126 n. Kirton, ai. 130, 135 n. KittleweU, ih. 147 m. Knapely, h. 192 Knapp, i. 170 Knapton, h. 326 m. ;ui. 43, 50, 53,58 m., 136 m., 146 m. Knave, hi. 330 KneUer, ni. 52 ; Sup. 68 n. Knight, i. 297 ; h. 35, 51, 98, 99, 299, 321 ; hi. 223, 237, 314 ; Sup. 40 Knoel, h. 277 KnoUes, Knollis, KnoUys, KnowUes, i. 81, 82, 375, 377, 390, 391, 391 »., 392, 393, 393 re., 394, 394 »., 395, 395 »., 412 ; h. 43, 43 n., ii, 101 *., 108 «., 112 »., 113 »., 121 »., 223, 247 n., 301 m., 312 »., 327, 333 ; ih. 132, 177 »., 184 »., 185, 262 n. ; Sup. 47 m. Knott, ni._217 Knower, h. 261 Knox, i. 392 ; iii. 289 Knyght, hi. 167 Knyztb, i. 228 Kockel, hi. 211 Koppinger, i. 267 «., 275 KybbyU, ih. 153 Kyngesham, ih. 184 Kyngwode, h. 20 / Labouchere, i. 208 La Croix, i. 287 n. Lacy, i. 82, 363 ; a. 34 Ladd, ai. 180 Laffon, ni. 353 Lago, hi. 344 Lainer, a. 96 m. Lainson, h. 96 m. La Joyette, ii. 216 Lake, or Lakes, i. 207, 241 ; h. 360 ; hi. 34 Lamb, or Lambe, i. 12, 16 m., 20, 246, 247, 248, 249 m., 380; ii. 319; hi. 97 Lambard, or Lambart, ui. 36 re., 227 «. LambeU, iii. 282 Lambert, i. 416;' h. 21, 77, 283, 294 »., 327 ; ih. 245 »., 246 «., 275 n., 351 Lamberteschi, hi. 123 n. Lampard, i. 24 re. Lamphere, iii. 353 Lancaster, Duke of, i. 122, 123, 185, 217, 359 ; hi. 186 Lancaster, hi. 228 ; Sup. 64 m. Lance, ii. 351, 351 m. Lanch, hi. 309 m. Land, h. 82, 305 Lane, ii. 119 ; hi. 133 n. Laner, hi. 78 Lanercost, hi. 82 Lanfranc, Archbishop, i. 308 ; ii. 171 , ih. 110 m., 184 m. Langeford, Langford, or Longford, ii. 206 n., 229, 230, 312 n. ; hi. 100, 119, 149, 149 »., 150 m., 225 m., 259 M., 261 Langley, or De Langley, ii. 55, 219 «., 277; hi. 251 Langrish, or Langerish, ih. 311 m., 316, 234 n. Langton, i. 42, 66, 69, 76, 78 »., 79, 124, 127 M., 144, 145, 149, 152 ; ii. 286, 286 m. ; ih. 130, 160 Lanham, h. 338 Lankester, Sup. 51 n. Lansdale, hi. 39 Lansdowne, i. 345, 349, 358; h. 337, 343 Lantfred, i. 113, 149 Larcher, hi. 59 m. Lark, or Larke, i. 190 ; h. 70 ; iii. 2, 245 Lassels, ii. 78 Latchere, hi. 167 Latham, i. 326, 328 n., 340, 341, 357, 415 Laud, Archbishop, i. 57 m., 126 n., 260 •«., 357, 358 Laurens, iii. 319 «. Laus, i. 189 Lavender, Sup. 68 n. Lavers, hi. 103 Lavington, i. 207 ; ii. 96 m. 'Lavrence, i. 228 Law, i. 358 m. ; h. 276 Lawne, i. 227 Lawrence, i. 17 ; h. 277 ; ui. 159 Lawson, h. 43 re. Layfield, i. 85, 259, 260 Lea, ih. 221 Lebant, Labant, or Lebanc, hi. 60 Lee, Sup. 80 Lee, see also Legh and Leigh, i. 179 n., 190, 205; h. 117, 312 »., 337; ih. 236, 236 n., 279, 281, 342 »., Sup. 80 Leech, h. 8 m.; Sup. 70 Leefe, i. 241 ; iii. 218 Leeson, Sup. 65, 70 n., 75 Le Faire, i. 247 n., 248 ». 17 INDEX. Lefevre, i. 359 re.; h. 281 ; ih. 71, 282 Le Feys, hi. 129 m. Lefle, i. 1S8 Le Flemings, h. 109 Legat, or Lcggatt, hi. 33, 133 n., 276 Legge, hi. 234 ; Sup. 40 Legh, i. 235 ; iii. 127, 150 re., 151 Legy, hi. 74 n. Le Hert, hi. 128 m. Leicester, ii. 175, 177, 182, 200 re., 208 it., 216, 304, 308 ; ih. 177 n., 301, 302 Leigh, ii. 52, 110 m., 313 n. ; ih. 74 re., 236 n. ; Sup. 59 M. Leighton, ii. in.; hi. 15 Le Long, i. 248 m. Lely, i. 20 ; h. 41 n. Lemerston, h. 17 Le Moyne, i. 184; hi. 120 m. Lempriere, i. 208 Lengestoke, iii. 330 Leobytha, i. 399 re. : Leofing, ii. 162 : Leofwin, ii. 54 m. : Leonin, hi. 168 ». : Leowin, i. 134 n. ; ih. 350 Leonn, ih. 145 m. Lesley, h. 98 Lessey, iii. 173 L'Estrange, hi. 133 Letecombe, i. 309 Leten, ih. 284 LethenUler, hi. 174 Leutherius, or Eleutherius, i. 110, Hire. Levee, i. 157 m. Leversuch, i. 170 Levet, Sup. 34 re. Levien, Sup. 76 n. Leving, hi. 8, 62 n. Levington, or Levyngton, ii. 27, 327 Lewer, or Le Ewer, ih. 219, 303 Lewin, ih. 209 m., 133 n. Lewis, i. 229, 241 ; h. 323, 327, 327 «., 337 m., 351 ; hi. 56, 136, 146 m., 180, 286 Lewkenor, or Lewknor, i. 370, 394 ; hi. 193 m., 262 n. "Lewyn, hi. 130 Lewys, alias Johnson, hi. 56 Leyere, i. 189 m. Leyson, i. 208 Lichepet, hi. 208 m. Lidgould, hi. 120 Lightster, h. 289 LiUeton, iu. 129 Lilhe, or LUly, i. 384 n. ; h. 256 n. Limbrey, hi. 219 n., 281 Lincoln, h. 95 Lind, ih. 55 n. Line, i. 387 n. Linet, h. 193 Linzee, i, 364 Lion, ih. 117. Lisle, or Lysle, see also De L'Isle, i. 241 ; h. 20, 123, 124, 124 m., 257, 301 «., 313 m., 326, 326 »., 327 ; hi. 146 M., 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 173, 223, 253, 340, 344 Lister, or Lyster, h. 20, 264, 264 m., 285, 285 n., 286, 286 n., 357 Litchfield, or Lytchfeld, i. 241, 278 n. Litelton, hi. 322, 322 n. Little, hi. 238 Littlecare, or Littlecane, hi. 44 n., 48 Littlefield, hi. 286 Iittlehales, i. 82, 83, 158 Livingstone, h. 311 Lizard, ii. 29, 30 LleweUyn, ii. 227 m., 231, 269 ; iii. 302 Lloyd, i*. 142 n., 206, 207 ; h. 95 ; ih. 157 Lobb, ii. 334 ; hi. 264 18 Lock, Sup. 22, 23, 29 n. Lockey, hi. 311 m. Lockhart, Sup. 3, 13, 19, 21, 25, 46 n., 50, 57, 60 m., 64 m., 70 n., 73 m., 76 n., 78 n., 79 m., 81 n. Lockman, i. 226, 229 n., 242 Locock, Sup. 51m. Loder, hi. 49 Loggan, ih. 230 m. Loggon, or Deggon, hi. 230 LoUenour, ih. 292 n. Londesborough, Sup. 28 London, i. 309 ; hi. 29 Long or Longe, i. 120 re., 171, 259 ; h. 91, 92, 337 m. ; hi. 45, 45 «., 46, 92 m., 114, 230 n., 281, 288 Longespeye, hi. 214 m. Longland, i. 377, 410 ; h. 96 ; ih. 316 Loomer, h. 96 m. Lordan, i. 345 re., 357 Lorde, h. 109 n. Lorimer, i. 285 n. Louis of Hesse, Sup. 76 n. Louis IV, h. 207. :— Louis VIII., Dau phin, h. 173 m., 179 «., 192, 123, 194, 196, 197, 230, 237, 303 ; hi. 43, 300 :— Louis XI., i. 358 n. : — Louis Philippe, hi. 107 Lout, or Lornt, hi. 351 Louvain, h. 179 n., 181 Love, i. 163 n., 179, 187, 188, 203, 204, 206 ; u. 121 n. ; hi. 135 M., 146 -«., 177 »-, 180, 252, 252 «., 254 Loveday, ii. 19 Lovell, h. 87; hi. 10, 102, 133 m., 172, 185, 262, 262 «., 302 Loveras, ih. 183, 186 m. Lower, i. 417 m. Lowman, i. 377 Lowry, hi. 281 Lowth, Bishop, i. 46 n., 68 «., 102 m., ! 107 m., 120 m., 122 m., 124 m., 139 M., j 141 «., 148, 155 «., 178 m., 183 m., 200 m., 201 »., 202, 207, 232 n., 234 M., 238 M., 239 «., 240 «., 241 «., 243 m. ; and others of the name, hi. 277 m. I Lowther, ih. 71 j Loxley, Sup. 25 | Loyd, ii. 97 | Lubin, i. 274 n. i Lucas, i., 365; h. 220 n., 339; Sup. | 33, 79 m. Lucius, King, i. 73 n. : — Lucius XI., j Pope, i. 232 I Lucock, ai. 281, 282 , Lucy, see also De Lucy, i. 117 ; a. 65m.,197m., 369, 369m.; hi. 174, 311 M. j Ludlow, i. 417 ». ; a. 121, 284 n. ; hi. 156, 174, 253 LudweU, h. 357 Lufinc, Bishop, h. 58 Luke, hi. 290 n. Lukrn, i. 381 Lumley, ih. 105 m., 140 Luppa, h. 152 Lupus, hi. 242 n. Lusse, h. 368 Lustemund de Lindehuist, ai. 12 LusteshaU, i. 226 n., 240 LutereU, h. 174, 174 m., 176 ; ih. 65, 66, 66 re. Luveroy, h. 222 Lnwyne, ai. 101 Lydiat, or Lydyatt, i. 207 ; hi. 177 m. Lye, ih. 199 Lyford, i. 158, 173 ; ih. 238 n. Lymington, hi. 256 ; Sup. 50 Lynch, i. 242 ; hi. 355 m. Lyne, i. 170; hi. 40, 52, 147, 147 a., 148, 148 m., 178 m. Lynn, ih. 1 28 Lyon, ih. 266 Lyons, i. 210 m. ; hi. 97 Lyripin, i. 188 Lvteltane, hi. 48 Lythiard, h. 109 m. Lytton, ui. 230 Mabey, i. 377, 387 m. Mabley, h. 336 m. Macham, h. 164 n., 355 Mackinnon, h. 276 Macnaghten, h. 152 MacnsU, h. 275 Madgwick, i. 188 Magla, ih. 323 m., 332 Maine, i. 81 Mainsbridge, hi. 74 n. Mainwaring, h. 351 Maitland, i. 210 m. ; ih. 178 Major, or Mayor, i. 321, 322, 349, 412, 415 ; ii. 95, 96, 98, 121 «., 127, 128, 312 m., 357; hi. 134 re., 135 re., 146 n. Make, hi. 210 m. Makehan, hi. 265 MakereU, ih. 224, 224 n. Malcolm, i. 331 m., 332 n. Malduith, hi. 186, 298 n., 323, 324, 325 Male, ih. 301 Maledoct, ui. 164 Malemayn, ih. 338 Malet, i. 208 ; ih. 155 »., 270 n. Malewayn, h. 243 Malf, hi. 34, 35 M'AU, Sup. 22 Mailer, ih. 49, 53 MaUony, i. 300 ». ; hi. 13 it. Malmesbury, hi. 104, 161 m. Malortie, h. 357 Maltby, i. 197, 207 Malton, h. 321 Manchester, hi. 88, 253 Mandut, hi. 258 re. Manesbrigge, or Manebreg, i. 409 124, 203 m. Manguer, ih. 220 re. Manimot, hi. 274 m. Mann, Sup. 33 Manners, Sup. 51 n. Manning, i. 139 n. ; ii. 243 Manningham, i. 207 ; h. 340 Mansbridge, h. 203 m. Mansel, h. 224 n. ; ih. 38, 274 Mant, i. 207; h. 71, 334 Manumont, hi. 274 re. Manwood, hi. 16, 263 re. Mapleton, iii. 332, 353 Marbeck, i. 405 re. ; a. 265 n. Marc, i. 313 ; a. 174 h., 184, 269 March, Earl of, h. 65 ; hi. 1 Stephen, Sup. 43 Marchant, or Markhaunt, ih. 47, ' -3 269 m., 321, 322 re. Marchmont, hi. 97 i ' Marescallus, ii. 35 / Margaret, see Maud, the EmpresJ— Margaret of France, Queen of,-1' ' ' ward I., ii. 207 ; hi. 303 :— Mar«- *"' 217, 256 ; hi. 86, 184 «., 338 :— j;"0'' garet, Queen of Scotland, i. 331, f-'*"' h. 205 Marimon, ih. 284 Mark, the hermit, hi. 203 Marke, or Markes, hi. 212, 241 Markham, ii. 256 Markland, i. 229, 236, 242 MefcX 5&egS\ ¦jH-eiT'l INDEX. Marlborough, i. 358 m. ; ii. 61, 142 n., 300 m., 344 ; ih. 277 Marley, iii. 74 Marlow, ai. 146, 285, 239 Marrett, a. 80 n. Marsam, ai. 227 Marsh, or Marshe, ii. 171, 174 n., 178 m., 182, 195 m., 269; ih. 123, 292 re., 293 n. Marshal, or MarshaU, i. 190, 322 ; ii. 29, 95, 127, 173, 179m., 1S9 it., 193 m , 195, 195 m., 209, 227 «., 254 ; hi. 76, 84, 142, 143, 169, 164, 206, 213, 220 m., 274, 353 Marston, ih. 131 Martel, hi. 128, 133 n. Martin, or Martyn, i. 167, 207 ; h. 122, 263 n., 319, 330 n., 331 ; ih. 210, 286 ; Sup. 13, 32, 38, 51 n., 65 n., 66 n., 75 Martineau, i. 359 n. Mary I., i. 66 n., 88 »., 124, 125, 202, 204 »., 315, 392; h. 291, 292, 293, 324, 338; ih. 86, 173, 227, 314.— Mary IT., i. 85 n. ; h. 67, 327 re. ; iii. 157, 291, 346.— Mary, Queen of Scots, h. 20, 44 MashereU, ih. 54, 61, 61 n., 114, 128 Mason, or Masson, i. 74, 130; h. 318 ; hi. 147 m., 220 m., 316 Massam, or Marsam, h. 94 ; ih. 227 n. Massey, hi. 236 n. MastereU, or MastweU, hi. 61, 61 re. Masters, i. 169, 253 n. Mathias, ii. 287 Matilda, Queen of Henry I., i. 311, 330, 331, 333; h. 236 Matteisa, ii. 329 re. Matthew, h. 52 ; ih. 285, 285 n., 286, 291 Matthews, h. 87 ; hi. 136, 178 Maud, Empress, i. 10 «., 23 re., 31 re., 116, 307; ii. 89 re., 217 •«., 342; hi. 24, 142 re., 333 Maudit, Mauditt, Mauduit, Maudut, or Maudyt, ii. 19, 74, 192 w., 203, 214, 214 »., 216, 223, 227 ¦«., 24S, 248 n., 254 ; hi. 27, 49, 184 «., 214 re., 240 Maugan, Bishop, hi. 204 Maunfield, ih. 182 n. Maunsell de Minchin, h. 214 Maurdim, hi. 318 Maurice, ii. 174 «., 202 m. Maury, ih. 127 Mawdett, hi. 49 \Maximian, h. 150, 151 ; iii. 196, 280 n. : Maximums, h. 150 : Maximus, ii. 150; Sup. 24 Maximilian I., hi. 175 May, or Maye, i. 79, 188, 365; ii. 317 M. ; hi. 219 »., 236 it., 238 «., 267 m., 285, 285 «., 286, 288, 289 »., 291, 2J2 taydeston, i. 240 [[ayett, h. 263 ay hew, Bishop, i. 207 aynard, ii. 115; Sup. 40 yne, ai. 14 m., 47 lyor, see Major Clure, i. 208 :Quhae, i. 365 ars, ii. 31 dcalfe, ii. 329 n. dlay, ii. 267 lowe, i. 241 \service, ih. 342 m. ¦d, h. 231 tt, i. 131 167 330 Melior, Sup. 71 re. Melton, i. 243 n. ; iu. 301 re. MelviUe, or Melvin, ii. 40 ». Membury, i. 148, 183 n., 243 Mercer, U. 231, 277, 357 Merddhi, i. 384 Merefin, h. 162 Merewether, i. 273 re., 274 n., 277 M., 278 «., 279 m. Merlaw, i. 130 Merlin, or Merlyn, i. 3 ; hi. 69, 286 Merlon, h. 194, 195 Merrct, i. 409 Merricke, Bishop, i. 207 Merriott, hi. 286 Mervin, h. 101 n. Merwinna, i. 329, 330, 415 Messer, h. 127, 188 Mete, hi. 311 n. Methley, h. 286 Methuen, i. 358 m. Mew, Sup. 46 Mews, Meux, or Mewes, i. 75, 76, 126, 127 m. ; h. 67, 79, 96, 101 n. ; ih. 41, 54, 132, 135, 277 m., 285 M. Moy, ih. 1 Meyler, h. 71 ; ai. 56 Meyre, i. 278 M. MiaU, hi. 286. Michael of Otterbourne, h. 205 Michel, i. 200 »., 326 «.; h. 87; hi. 320 re. Michelborne, ii. 301 ». Middlemore, ih. 294 Middleton, Sir Charles, Lord Barham, ii. 336 m. : Middleton, h. 122, 336 n. Midwinter, i. 211 Milboum, iii. 42 Milde, h. 278 Mildmay, i. 10 M., 20, 20 «., 418 ; h. 71, 77, 78, 78 m., 80, 80 «., 81, 91, 327, 355 m. ; hi. 71, 282 ; Sup. 54 Miles, ih. 350 Milesand, hi. 318 Milkesop, hi. 187 Mill, see also MiUs and MiUes, i. 210 »., 251, 252, 364, 376, 381, 390, 391, 393, 393 re., 394, 395, 396 ; ii. 13, 101 «., 107, 108, 110 »., Ill, 111 »., 113, 113 re., 181, 271, 290, 301, 312, 326 -re., 327, 336, 356, 358 ; ih. 5 »., 32, 133 «., 193 m., 232 m., 233 »., 264, 270 MiUais, ii. 362, 363 MiUer, i. 210 n. ; ii. 179 re. ; iii. 176 «., 235 »., 320 71. ; Sup. 58 Milles, see also MiU and MiUs, i. 394 n., 414; h. 20 m., 351 ¦„., 361 MiUidge, Sup. 41 MiUs, see also MiU and Milles, i. 147, 394; h. Ill, 112 n., 121 »., 289 re., 326 m. ; ih. 133 «., 140, 336 n. Milne, ii. 13 m. Miluer, Bishop, i. 10 m., 14, 15, 16 re., 17 re , 18 «., 19 »., 21 «., 22 re., 23 n., 21 »., 25 m., 28 m., 29 m., 30 re., 31 m., ' 32, 33 »., 34 »., 37 m., 38 m., 45 »., 47 M., 48, 49, 52 M., 53 re., 54 »., 55, 57, 59 »., 60, 61, 62, 63 «., 65 *., 66 m., 67 M., 68 »., 69 »., 70 re., 71 »., 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 -re., 78 «,, 80, 81, 82 re., 84 »., 85 n., 86 »., 88, 89 n., •90 re., 91 »., 92, 94, 95 »., 98 »., 100, 101, 102re., 103, 105 m., 107 re., 108 n., 109, 111 m., 115 «., 117, 118 m., 125 m., 129 »., 130 «., 141 M., 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157 n., 159m., 170 re., 174, 175, 178 re., 181 «., 187, 192 re., 194 re., 200 n. I 201 »., 203 m., 205 M., 207 «., 21 7 «),, 218 M., 224, 231 »., 232, 241 «., 2+2, 244 M., 247 m., 248 m., 249 m., 250 «., 261 »., 263 n., 266 m., 270 «., 271 ft., 272 »., 273 re., 274 »., 275 «., 276 m. 281 m., 282 M., 286 »., 289 re., 290 «., 291 re., 292 re., 293, 294 »., 2to re., 296 »., 297 re., 298 re., 300 «., 301 ?,., 302 m., 303 »., 304 »., 306, 308, 314, 315 : Milner, Dean, u. 377 Milnes, hi. 269 m. Mhton, i. 205 ; ii. 39 n., 52 »., 321 «. ; hi. 285, 286 Mires, h. 34 re. Mirfelde, ih. 331 Mirk, hi. 239 re. Missing, hi. 322 Mitchenor, hi. 237 Mitford, h. 34, 35, 349 ; hi. 32, 97 Moberly, i. 184, 207, 213 n. Moels, ai. 294 n. Moffat, a. 330 n. Mohun, ui. 116 M., 334, 335 Moha, u. 333 Molendinarius, see also Miller, h. 179 re, Moleyns, h. 258 Mollins, i. 313 Molyneux, h. 340 Mompessoa i. 70 ; h. 87, 121 n., 326 it. ; iii. 51 n., 235 re. Monckton, hi. 348 Monday, hi. 177 Monk, ii. 13 «., 220 n. ; ih. 192 Monmouth, Duke of, hi. 53, 147, 256 Monnoux, hi. 295 Montacute, Montagu, or Montague, i. 82, 126, 272 ; h. 76, 77, 117 n., 120, 153, 155, 220, 247, 274 ; iii. 87, 88, 99m., 106, 119, 119 n., 120, 121, 121 re., 122, 128, 144, 145, 150, 187, 254 Monteagle, ui. 139 Montgomery, a. 43 n., 51, 253 ; iii. 163. 187, 298 7i. Monthermer, iii. 119 m. Moody, i. 290 «., 291 ¦«. ; a. 7, 164 «., 359 n. ; ih. 235 m. Moore, Moure, or Moor, see also More, ii. 36, 44, 77, 77 n., 87, 88, 101, 101 re, 102, 121, 326 »., 327 »., 336 n. ; iii. 38, 104, 135, 146 n., 182, 228, 246, 285 M., 290 n., 292 n., 293 Morant, hi. 32, 89 n. Moraund, ih. 189 JMorcant, h. 57, 58 Mordannt, h. 275, 331 ; hi. 246 n., 295 More, see also Moore, i. 179, 180 «., 204, 206 ; h. 63, 95, 110, 110m., 327 n. : hi. 14 7i., 101, 272, 280, 297 Morey, i. 255 «., 256 n. Morgan, i. 82, 266 n., 267 «., 268 re., 269 m., 366, 380; u. 182, 327 re. ; hi. 267 n. Morice, ih. 220 n. Morin, h. 67 Moring, ih. 176 Moriward, hi. 284 Morland, ii. 48, 113 m. Morley, Bishop of Winchester, i. 11, 16 »., 18, 25, 36, 63 re., 75, 77, 78, 86, 93, 126, 161 re., 191, 251, 291 n. ; ii. 325, 357; ih. 229 Morley, i. 77, 79, 81 ; h. 96 «., 101 re., 251, 252, 291 n. ; iii. 247, 250, 251, 252, 344 MorreU, iii. 178 Morris, Morrys, or Morys, i. 186, 190, 203, 375, 376, 380; iii. 118; Sup. 70re. Mortaia-ne, or Mortair, ii. 166, 168, 171 ; INDEX. Mortimer, or Morthemer, i. 120, 131, 367. 409, 411 ; h. 7, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62. 64, 65, 69, 70, 72, 93, 94, 163, 183, 205, 226, 227 m., 251, 253 ; iii. 119, 163, 170, 183, 184, 205 «., 206, 219, 240, 244, 272, 273, 273 M., 275 «., 297, 307 »., 337 Morworde, or Morward, iu. 210 »., 212 m. Morwyn, Madawc, i. 384 Morynge, hi. 220 m. Moss, i. 170 Moteston, iii. 72 Moth, h. 39 Moundelare, a. 244 Mountjoye, a. 326 m. Moyle, a. 78, 113 m. ; ai. 120 m. Moyne, or Moyn, a. 227 n. ; ai. 14 «., 120, 131 Mucun, h. 226 Muget, h. 261 Mulcock, a. 14 Mule, i. 327 m. Muleward, a. 69, 367; hi. 92, 152, 258 »., 296, 337 Mulewer, ih. 265 Mulford, ui. 281 Mulso, a. 120 Mulyngton, a. 272, 273 Mumpesson, see also Mompesson, hi. 235 m. Munday, i. 390, 391, 393, 394 ; h. 313 n. Mune, ai. 163 Munson, ii. 78 Murdying, ih. 10 Murford, h. 318 Muriel, ih. 294 m. MurreU, hi. 175, 261 Musard, u. 223, 227 m., 270 Muschamp, h. 98 Musgrave, 208 Mnsprat, h. 323 Mychelbourn, i. 160; ii. 301 m. Myddleton, hi. 2 MyU, or MvUe, see also MiU or MiUe, ii. Ill ».,"266 m., 300, 327 MyUes, or MyUys, see also MUles, ii. 20, 284, 289 ; hi. 127 MyUys, ix. 20 Naish, ai. 291 Nanson, ui. 289 Napier, i. 352 ; a. 96, 96 »., 187 n. Napper, a. 96 n. Nash, Sup, 32, 37, 63 Natheles, ii. 268 Naylor, i. 81, 131 ; h. 74 n. NeaL or Neale, i. 252 ; ui. 57, 58, 62, 172 n., 291 Neckam, u. 183 m., 202 n. Needham, a. 79 n, Neile, or Neel, i. 126, 152, 207; ii. 312 Nelson, h. 293, 369 re. Nelthorpe, hi. 167 NeveU, hi. 291 Nevey, hi. 74 n. Nevhl, NevU, Neville, or Nevyle, see also DeNevhl, i. 118, 130, 141 n. ; h. 53 n., 260, 304, 363 ; hi. 71, 89 %., 121, 124, 132, 172, 246, 282, 291 Newbolt, or Newboulte, i. 82, 160, 252 ». Newburgh, hi. 136 Newcome, i. 339, 340 ; ii. 343, 343 m., 344 m. Newell, hi. 52 Newingham, i. 210 n. Newland, i. 393 m. ; h. 96 M.J327 ; ui. 342 * : Suty 40 > Newles, i. 227 Newman, i. 369, 398 n. ; Sup. 74 Newmarch, h. 251 Newsham, iii. 235 m. Newton, i. 131, 354 ; u. 265, 331, 363 Neyr, h. 214 Nibbs, hi. 71 Nicholas IV., Pope, i. 141, 154, 157 m., 185 re., 238, 243 n., 410 Nicholas, i. 84, 179 «., 183, 186, 191, 204, 336; ii. 170, 175 n., 182, 192, 271,277,359 m.; hi. 117, 235, 235 «., 236, 236 n., 326 Nicholls, ii. 282 n. Nicholson, ii. 302, 361 Nichus, hi. 143 Nigel, h. 166, 168; ih. 62 n. Nightingale, i. 188, 365, 367, 416; hi. 286 Nixon, Sup. 33 Noel, i. 191, 341, 345; ii. 210, 336, 336 m., 350 m. Noht, or Schot, hi. 74 Noreis, or Noneys, see also Norris, ii. 20, 88, 271 Norfolk, Duke of, i. 332 n. ; a. 44, 60, 337 m. ; hi. 246 Norman, ii. 162, 222, 243 ; iu. 82, 277 n. ; Sup. 65 re. Normand, hi. 186 Normanton, h. 113 n. ; ui. 150 Norris, i. 207 ; hi. 245 n., 282 North, i. 79, 84, 85, 127, 188, 242 ; h. 24; hi. 210 m., 291; Sup. 70 Northington, h. 292 m., 295 n. Norton, h. 14 m., 32, 32 n., 33, 35, 41, 83, 85 re., 99, 101 «., 113 «., 121 m., 195 m., 212 m., 318, 327 ¦«., 336 «.; hi. 146, 177 M., 193, 220 M., 221, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 263 m., 266, 270 m., 272, 275, 295 m., 308, 322, 342, 343, 353 Norwich, Bishop of, u. 180 ; ih. 80, 338 Notlegh, iii. 284 m. Nott, i. 84, 87 M., 208 ; ii. 244 Nottingham, i. 393 n. Nowell, ih. 186, 212 Noy, ih. 264 Noyce, ii. 322 Noyers, ai. 177 Noyes, Noyse, or Nowes, i. 350, 351, 413, 415, 416 ; hi. 175, 178, 178 n. Nunn, Sup. 47 Nurse, hi. 353 Nutley, or Nuttley, i. 274 re. ; ih. 288 Nutt, i. 194 n., 290 M. Nutter, Sup. 46 m., 47 n. Nyghtyngale, i. 188 Oakley, Sup. 40 Obourn, hi. 291 Odber, hi. 136, 136 re. Ode, hi. 73 Odo, i. 267 m., 407; ii. 63, 165, 168; ai. 11, 97, 100, 184 m., 324 Odrson, ai. 291 O'Duidbal, ii. 81 n. Offa, King, i. Ill n. ; ii. 146, 238, 240 m. Ogbourn, or Osburn, hi. 286 OgUby, i. 79 Oglander, or Oglawnder, i. 190, 367 m. ; ii. 110m.; hi. 112, 155; Sup. 4, 34, 72,73,75 Ogle, i. 61 m., 84, 131, 210 m. ; a. 60, 61, 67, 68, 69, 338 »., 344; hi. 156, 252 Ohthere, ii. 251 n, Oidelord, ih. 92 Olaf, u. 160 »., 161 m., 163, 163 re., 167 Olbert, hi. 130 Oldcoats, iii. 82 m. Oldneld, i. 370 Oliver, ih. 223 n. ; Sup. 66 m., 67 n. Onerye, Sup. 68 m. Onethank, hi. 311 n. Onewyne, hi. 351 Onslow, i. 208 ; a. 34, 35 ; ui. 250, 251 Oram, ai. 251 Orchard, u. 261 ; ai. 308 Orde, a. 39 ; hi. 257 ; Sup. 61 Ordlaf, i. 137 m. Orenet, hi. 95 Orford, ih. 282 Orgar, i. 344 Orlton,i. 66 m., 67 »., 74, 115 M., 120, 154, 155 m., 156 m., 162 «., 185 n., 240 M., 243, 292 n. ; ih. 144 Ormond, h. 65 re., 294 m. ; ia. 120 OrveU, hi. 244 Osbem, h. 26; hi. 239 Osbert, i. 308 ; ii. 192 Osborne, ii. 355 m. Osgood, i. 188 ; hi. 177 n., 180 Osmond, or Osmund, ii. 166, 352 ; iii 96, 149, 168 m., 187, 309 n., 324 Osric, h. 159 : Oswald, i. 127, 149 152, 182 M. ; h. 76 Othen, ih. 291 Otway, i. 208 ; ii. 98, 99 Oudart, Sup. 35 n., 36 n. Oude, or D'Ude, a. 108 Oughtred, ai. 177 M., 246 Ouseley, hi. 104 Outram, ih. 251 Over, i. 254 «., 258, 348 Overbury, hi. 87 Overton, h. 27, 52 m., 249 n. ; ih. 1 148 m., 219, 219 m., 334 Overy, h. 262 ». Oviatt, ih. 40, 52, 74 m. ; Sup. 57 n. Owen, i. 207 ; h. 114, 115, 359 m. ; 197, 220, 281, 282, 343; Sup. 33, Oxenbridge, ia. 272 Oxford, a. 367 ; ai. 75 Oysel, hi. 319 n. Pace, a. 20, 20 n. Padenore, hi. 92 Pagan, hi. 20 n. Page, a. 46, 277, 281 ; ai. 238, 3 Paget, or Pagett, a. 112 m. ; ai. ; 246 m. Paice, ih. 281, 293 n. Painel, h. 182 Pakehham, h. 94 Palmer, i. 176 m.; u. 69, 26' hi. 13 ; Sup. 73 n. Palmerston, i. 348, 367 ; Sup. ,' Palmes, hi. 193, 193 M., 228, 31 Palshid, h. 332 i Palton, ui. 14 Pamplin, or Pamplyn, i. 2f 316,316 m.; iii. 55»., 353 f- Panbrouk, ih. 239 m. ¦'=>- Paacefoot, Pancefot, Panceviw- vot, Panchevolt, PauncefW", fort, Pauncefot, Paunsfefv vout, Paunssot, or Paunfe'- ; 410; h. 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 6«, .-"-"N 72, 72 m., 166, 227, 227 M., 27CMefo.\ hi. 139 m. M-egg Pancin, hi. 142 ^Seggl Pandulph, ii. 181 n. liehV Parches, ih. 228 INDEX. Pares, Pareys, Parys, Paricia, or Paris, i. 333 ; h. 220 n. ; hi. 123 »., 193 n., 207, 278 Park, a. 121 Parker, a. 35, 51, 267, 285 ; iu. 153, 282, 285 M., 304, 353 Parkes, hi. 285 n. Parkestan, hi. 213 Parkinson, h. 357 Parmeter, hi. 354 Parr, i. 80 ; h. 349 Parrocke, ih. 172 m. Parson, ii. 321 ; iu. 61 m. Parvare, ai. 318 Parvis, ia. 297 Passavant, a. 190 Passeflabere, i. 308 Passelawe, or Passelewe, a. 226, 229; ih. 160 M., 155 7i., 301 m. Patrick, i. 330 n., 352 ; ih. 12, 25 n., 277 m. Patten, or Barbour, i. 124 ; or Wayn- flete, iii. 297 Paulet, Paulett, or Pawlet, i. 12, 16, 18, 20, 76, 372, 404, 414, 414 n., 416 ; h. 14 m., 20, 39, 39 »., 51, 52, 55, 83, 85 m., 191, 283, 291 m., 293 M., 329, 336, 338 m., 368 ; hi. 31, 39, 51, 74 n., 133 M., 174, 176 «., 183, 193, 216 M., 220, 227 «., 228, 244, 244 M., 245, 246, 246 m., 247, 265, 256, 257, 258, 259, 261, 263, 275,275 m., 287, 290 n., 295 M. Pauhnus, h. 201 n., 202 re. Pauncefote, see Pancefoot. I Pavely, or PaviUy, i. 267 re. ; ii. 227 »., 325, 325 m. ; ih. 59 n. Payn, Payne, or Payan, i. 77 ; h. 66, 68, 116, 122, 219, 253, 325; ia. 10, 237, 328 m. Paynel, or Paynell, ii. 224 ; ai. 311 Peach, hi. 241 i Peake, ih. 248, 251, 255 \Pearce,i. 131 IPeccam, i. 313 iPecche, or Peche, i. 271 m. ; u. 220 n. , I ih. 213, 214, 215, 216 re., 241, 241 n., I 337 ?eck, Sup. 35 n. IPecksaU, h. 88 Pecthelm, i. Ill m. fedley, ii. 332 i'ek, i. 412 Eelham, h. 254, 306, 345 ».; iii. 86, 1215 »., 301, 341 Psmerton, i. 77, 251, 263, 254 257, 349; a. 357; ai. 178,237 Ptnbridge, a. 243 Penn, ia. 344 Penny, ui. 41 Perrose, i. 208 Per. ruddock, a. 318 Penton, or Pentone, i. 77, 80 ; a. 41 re., i*\ m., 118, 118 M. ; ih. 285 re. Pepiiton, h. i"^. Pepper, i. 364, 365, 417 m. ; iii. 235 n. Perceval, Percival, or PercivaU, i. 245, 252 m., 253, 254, 254 M. ; ih. 148, 148 »., 240 n. ; Sup. 32 m. Perck h. 52 m., 187 ; ih. 270 re. PeriAr, i. 327 ». Periri,, i. 76 ; h. 31, 34 Perkim a. 43 m., 114, 115; hi. 354 Permon, hi. 290 Perro , i. 120 M. ; hi. 220 m. Pers, : i. 277 Persom, ai. 311 M. Peschi >, hi. 258 n. Pescot , or Pescodd, i. 78, 83, 84, 160 ; ii. 78, 291 n., 312, 312 m., 323 n. ; iu. 178 n. Peter, i. 314; n. 178, 212, 232; ui. 290, 312 Peterborough, a. 274, 275, 331 ; hi. 246 m. Petithorne, u. 208 »., 304 Peto, ih. 348 Pettis, Sup. 67 M., 68 M. Petty, i. 345, 349, 352, 353, 354, 356, 356, 357, 358 ; h. 330 Petwornte, hi. 215 Peverel, or Peverell, i. 405, 409, 412, 413; h. 94, 121, 123, 124, 129, 185, 203, 203 m., 222, 227 M., 228, 229, 230, 243, 271, 277, 325 , iii. 60, 115, 119, 123 m., 129, 152, 154 re., 216, 294 m., 308 PexaU, or PexsaU, a. 19 m., 286 ; ai. 246, 261, 262, 312 Peyton, a. 333 Phetiplace, ih. 56 Philip I., husband of Mary, i. 66 »., 315 ; h. 45, 291, 292, 338, 355 m. ; ih. 314:— Philip II. of France, ii. 124 M., 172, 179 m., 181 M., 199 n.:— PhUip III., h. 207, 231:— PhiUp IV., i. 358 ; h. 207, 231 Phihppa, Queen, i. 359 ; h. 232, 277, 289 ; hi. 268 M. Philips, Phillips, or Phillipps, i. 147, 190, 208, 209 m. ; ii. 99; hi. 156, 289, 319 Philipson, hi. 32 Philpot, Philpott, Phylpot, or Phile- potte, i. 207, 256 m. ; h. 56 «., 75, 77, 77 m., 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 101, 101 n., 123, 129; iii. 133 m., 155, 183, 247 Phyr, hi. 284 Piacle, h. 214 Pickering, hi. 254 Pierpoint, i. 191 Pigeon, ih. 178 n. Pigot, Picot, Pikot, or Pykot, i. 338 ; a. 229; iii. 115, 129 Pikehurst, ia. 172 Pikenet, or Pykenet, ui. 12, 33, 180 Pilgrim, hi. 131 PUkington, ii. 101 m., 129 Pill, or PyU, u. 113 m. Pink, or Pinke, i. 186 M., 254; h. 31 ; ai. 252 M., 314 Piukhorn, ii. 361 ; Sup. 38 Piper, ia. 168 n., 330 Pite, ai. 119 Pither, or Pitther, iii. 282, 289 Pitt, i. 197, 207, 208; u. 44, 253 m., 311, 337 7i. ; ai. 32, 51, 147 m., 181, 276, 276 m., 277, 277 m., 279, 290 Pittis, Sup. 59, 67, 67 m., 68 m. Pittman, iii. 146 n., 285 Pitts, i. 208; a. 102; ui. 220 m. Place, ih. 290 n. Piatt, ih. 291 Player, Sup. 74, 75 Plecy, Plesey, or De Plais, hi. 122, 246 7i., 334 Plegmund, i. 312 ; u. 146, 164, 238 Ploughman, i. 357 Plowden, h. 2, 128 Plumbly, or Plumlye, hi. 159 Plunkenet, a. 18, 19, 224, 225; ai. 4 n., 6, 128, 337 Pocock. or Pocoeke, i. 77 ; ii. 361 ; ui. 106, 230, 230 M., 269, 346 Poer, a. 191 m. Poilly, Sup. 6 m. Pointer, ih. 182 n. Pointz, or Poyntes, u. 175 n. ; ui. 220 Pokeriche, hi. 297 Pole, or Pool, i. 82, 205, 370 ; a. 321, 337 n. ; ai. 105, 227, 233 Poleyn, ai. 139 n. PoU, ii. 98 PoUard, a. 269 ; ui. 333 n. Pollen, Ui. 160 »., 167, 178 PoUock, ia. 2 Polthnore, i. 210 n. Polton, hi. 220 ». Pomeroy, ii. 69 Ponchardon, ih. 144 Ponder, h. 211 M. Ponte, u. 101 Pool, see Pole. Poor, or Poore, i. 173; iu. 176,252; Sup. 47 m. Pope, hi. 173, 263 Popham, i. 78, 309; ii. 17, 19, 78, 216, 217 M., 219, 220, 224 re., 257 ; hi. 49, 69 m., 219, 271 m., 275 m., 311 ; Sup. 71 M. Porman, iu. 290 Port, or Porta, a. 269 ¦«. ; hi. 32o. 323 m., 324, 332 Portal, or Portall, i. 359 n., 360 n. \ ih. 237, 238 n., 246 n. Porter, h. 219 Porteus, i. 242 Portland, i. 42, 66, 76 ; ii. 350 re. ; Sup 32 M., 64 n. Portsmouth, i. 367; ui. 56, 238 •«., 349 Potter, hi. 279 Potticany, a. 323 Pottinger, or Potenger, i, 206, 207 Poulett, see also Powlett, u. 55, 305 ; ih. 125, 134 »., 321 m. Poulter, i. 79, 81, 82 ; iii. 282, 291 ; Sup. 81 m. Poulton, i. 176 n. Pounds, Sup. 64 PoweU, i. 338, 377 Powlett, see also Poulett, i. 172 n., 173 m., 210 m., 255, 416; ii. 35, 65, 101 M., 113 m. ; hi. 62, 183, 235 m., 247, 266, 286, 294 re. Powys, or Powis, a. 120 ; iii. 195 Poyle, u. 358 Poynet, i. 125, 152, 237 re. ; u. 51, 77, 83, 90 M., 129, 351 Poynings, Poninges, or Ponynges, ii. 38, 39; hi.' 116 n., 122, 139, 243, 244, 244 m., 245, 258, 258 »., 259. 275 n., 294 7i., 341. PraneU, h. 60 Prankard, i. 393 Prat, h. 220, 277 ; hi. 51, 210 n., 212, 236 - Preston, a. 330 n. Prestwoode, i. 228 Prevost, i. 81 ; h. 221 n. Prews, i. 228 n. Priaulx, or Pryaulx, u. 312 ; iii. 79, 176 m., 310; Sup. 81 M. Price, i. 190, 252 «., 327 ; Sup. 40, 41, 81 n. Prichet, hi. 153 Primrose, i. 322 Prince, h. 102, 351 ; hi. 238 n. Prior, a. 45 Pritchard, Sup. 51 n. Proffit, or Prophete, iu. 140, 141, 147 m. Protase, a. 276, 276 »., 289 Prous, ai. 343 Prouten, i. 290 «. Prower, a. 267 •21 INDEX Prude, hi. 293 re. Pudsey, or Pudsby, ii. 290, 290 n. ; iii. 263, 294 n. Pugin, hi. 104; Sup. 76 Pugniant, ii. 166, 167, 364 Pulko, hi. 13 PuUen, Sup. 75 Punchardon, or Punchardun, h. 220 n. ; hi. 128 m., 145 n., 149, 151, 152, 153 Punt, ih._ 168 n. Purdue, i. 164 m. Purkis, hi. 35 PumeU, i. 205 Purver, iii. 285 n. Putta, i. 149 Puttenham, h. 20 ; hi. 272, 275 Pye, h. 338 ; ih. 33 Pyke, hi. 12 Pyle, or PUe, i. 81, 112; iii. 155 n. Pylley, hi. 13 Pynnoc, h. 303 Pynsent, i. 366 Pypwhyt, hi. 166 re. Pytley, or Pytlye, i. 274 re. ; hi. 322 re. Quarrier, hi. 218 Quentin, h. 89 ; ih. 127 Quinstin, h. 89 ; hi. 168 n. Quintus Natalius (Thruxton Pave ment), hi. 160, 161 Quiriel, ii. 233 Radchffe, or Ratcliffe, i. 358 re. ; h. 70 ; iii. 321 n., 341 ; Sup. 64 m. Radford, h. 37 Radfred, hi. 315 Radmond, ih. 220 n. Radulpus (Passeflabere), i. 308 Raffles, h. 363 n. Rafter, ih. 286 Ragge, h. 272 Raggett, hi. 289 Rainald, h. 38 Raleigh, i. 186 n. ; ui. 175 Ralins, h. 281 Ralph (P) h. 162, 173, 178, 184, 194, 278; hi. 36, 100, 112, 114, 116 »., 121, 158, 187, 240 7i., 302, 337 RamnuU, hi. 330 Rampusdene, h. 272 Ramsden, U. 361 ; hi. 256 Randal, i. 229 Randolph, hi. 28, 331 Rann, ii. 184 Raper, i. 208 Rashleigh, ui. 292 RastaU, i. 208 Ratsey, ia. 52 Raulf, see also Ralph, ii. 162 Rawbury, hi. 105, 136 Rawdon, hi. 248, 251 Rawkyns, hi. 47 Rawlings, i. 413 Rawlins, i. 229 Rawlyn, alias Bayle of Warham, hi. 290 m. Rawson, hi. 252 m. Raymond, i. 232 ; a. 337 Raynard, u. 330 ». Read, Reade, or Rede, i. 204, 205 ; h. 90; ih. 172, 172 n., 174; Sup. 54 re. Reading, i. 184 m., 198 m. ; ih. 26 Redford, h. 265 Redman, h. 250, 251 ; hi. 307 Redvers, see Rivers. Rees, i. 175 m. ; a. 64 Reeve, a. 251 m. ; ia. 227 Reeves, ai. 285 re. Reichhard, u. 97 n. 22 Reimund, h. 176 Reiner, iii. 69 Reinolds, i. 207 Remigius, i. 418 ; h. 104 re. Remington, iii. 261 Reneger, Renger, or Reniger, h. 198, 327 m. ; hi. 227 m. Renigh, ii. 290 Rennell, i. 83, 131, 146 Reuter, ii. 189 Reveley, ii. 287 Reynolds, i. 241; ii. 113 re., 357,357 m. Reynors, ii. 96 Rice, h. 314 m. Rich, h. 84 n. Richard I., i. 23 «., 117, 149, 164 «., 167, 233, 271, 286 «., 389 re. ; ii. 26, 93, 103, 104, 172, 173 »., 174 re., 199, 200, 206, 222, 224, 227 re., 229, 270, 293 m., 308, 337 «., 338 ; iii. 23, 24, 26, 78, 82 m., 117, 129m., 154 m., 167, 187, 215 »., 298, 306, 307, 327, 333, 336 :— Richard II. , i. 122, 148, 182 re., 224 »., 226 «., 229 »., 230 »., 272, 278 »., 297 n., 300 re., 391, 405, 413 ; h. 42, 82, 246, 247, 250 »., 252, 253 re., 277, 366 ; hi. 29 »., 63, 120, 121, 260, 262, 294 m. ; Sup. 43 m. :— Richard III., h. 261, 338 ; hi. 124, 338, 339 Richard, Duke of Normandy, i. 316, 334 ».; h. 161 m., 166 re.; Sup. 27 :— Richard, son of WiUiam I., i. 71 it., 72, 73 ; ih. 36 m. : — Richard, son of King John, ii. 195 /«. ; hi. 84, 117, 336 Richard of Devizes, i. 149 ; ii. 8 Richard atte Brouke, iii. 318 : atte Coufuld, hi. 304 : atte Hulle, iii. 292 m. : atte Mowe, ii. 108 : atte Mulle, 292 m. : atte Ostre, hi. 266 : atte Shoufle, h. 73 : atte Vanne, ih. 297 Richard of Inkpenne, see also Ink- penne, i. 19 m., 310, 315 Richard, h. 193 ; Sup. 59 Richards, i. 83, 173. 210 re., 377 re. ; ii. 36, 87 M., 91, 97, 98, 115, 193, 353 ; hi. 282, 291 ; Sup. 35, 59 Richardson, hi. 232, 279 Riche, ii. 84, 86 Richerius, a. 107, 168 Richman, hi. 10, 102 Richmond, h. 60 ; hi. 102, 262 re., 281, 282, 286 ; Sup. 60 «., 72 Ricketts, h. 92 m. Rickman, iii. 61 m. RiddeU, h. 314 Ride, ii. 68 Ridge, hi. 354 Ridley, i. 207 ; h. 84 m., 154, 326 n. Rigg, i. 418 Riggs, hi. 147 M. Riley, i. 268 m. Rilmar, hi. 114 Ring, i. 208 Ringebone, hi. 263 ». Ringin, hi. 168 n. Ringsteade, hi. 301 m. Rivers, Ripers, De Rivers, or De Red vers, i. 83, 197; h. 44, 78, 99 «., 121 »., 206, 260, 276 ; ih. 14, 41, 42, 48,49, 54, 68, 73, 105, 113, 114, 116 m., 116, 117, 118 M., 128 «., 131, 145 »., 152 «., 154, 160, 177 »., 276 »., 277, 290, 291, 311, 330 Rives, h. 327 m. ; hi. 290, 291 Rivet, ai. 134 m., 146 m. Riwalo, i. 308 Roald, hi. 321 Roberd, hi. 307 Robert of Normandy, father of William I., ii. 63 m. :— Robert, son of William I., u. 171 ; hi. 36 re., 38, 333 :— Robert, Earl of Gloucester, natural son of Henry I., h. 171, 172; hi. 116, 333 Robert atte Barre, ii. 267 : atte Bere, iii. 266 : atte Breda, ih. 224 n. : atte Oure, hi. 316 Roberts, h. 40, 41 Robey, h. 34 Robins, ih. 34 Robinson, or Robynson, i. 82, 206, 260 ; ii. 154, 274, 275, 293 «., 319, 320, 356 ; ih. 176 m., 246 »., 254 Robsart, h. 142 n. Roche, h. 174, 190, 200 ,•.., 209; iii. 213 m., 260, 261, 262 Rock, h. 288 ; Sup. 67 n. Rodney, h. 33, 33 m., 35, 41, 42, 48, 60, 101 m., 113 Roger atte Burgh, hi. 303 : atteHatte, i. 411 : atte Ligh, ih. 337 Rogers, ii. 91, 100 ; hi. 261 Rolf or Rolfe, i. 208, 409 ; h. 263 ». ; hi. 52, 343 Rolle, h. 113 m. Romaine, h. 63, 363 Romesey, De Romesey, Romsey, or Rumseye, i. 205, 352, 416; ii. 122, 253; hi. 10, 13, 28, 267 »., 335 Rooke, iu. 159 Roos, see also Rous, hi. 172, 245, 259, 263 sr, i. aas n. Rosamund, Fair, i. 297, 298 m. Rose, i. 208; h. 327, 356; hi. 71, 96, 96 «., 97, 105, 132, 136, 147 RosehiU, h. 92 ; hi. 253 Ross, Ros, or Rosse, h. 356, 357, 358, 360; iii. 74, 128, 259, 295 Rotherfield, hi. 13, 153 Rous, see also Roos and Rosse, i. 190, 334, 336 ; hi. 128 Rout, ii. 319 Rowcliffe, h. 312 m. Rowe, h. 320 ; ih. 346 Rowlands, i. 207 Rudde, ii. 266 Rudland, ih. 142 Rudyerd, i. 208 ; iii. 290, 341 Ruff, h. 278 ; ih. 334 Rumball, hi. 238 », Rumbold, h. 276 Rumwalas, U. 251 m., 252 n. RundeU, h. 230 Ruunegan, or Runniger, hi. 227, 227 ;,. Rupert, Prince, hi. 247 ; Sup. 81 RusseU, Russel, or Russal, i. 129, 207 229, 274 M. ; ii. 31, 66, 67, 79 «., 108 n 181, 194, 216, 256; ih. 61 «., lis 119, 145 7i., 212, 225 »., 238, 238 ', 267 »., 273 »., 281, 285 »., 307 k' 345 Ruthen, or Ruthin, h. 30, 98 Rutherford, Sup. 43 Ruthe, h. 322 Ruttey, h. 103 Ryballs, ih. 74 n. Rylye, hi. 261 Ryngwood, ii. 20 ; hi. 1* Ryppon, ih. 331 Ryprose, i. 334 Ryve, i. 75 m., 189 Ryves, i. 208 SackvUle, SakevUl, or Sakvilev hi 116 m., 140, 184, 246, 258 n. Sadleh, h. 359, 359 m. 1 Sadler, ii. 11, 12, 15; ui. 67 n. INDEX. Saeman, h. 162 Saer, Earl of Winchester, a. 192 n., 193 re., 199 m. Sainsbury, ii. 365 Saiwi, iii. 168 m. Sakenagh, ii. 231 Salcot, i. 309, 310; ii. 265 n. Salide, i. 309 ; hi. 62 n. Salisbury, Earls of, ii. 179, 181 m., 190, 203, 204, 253 ; hi. 25, 105, 115, 121, 124, 145, 165, 166, 185, 214 m., 216 «., 233 :— Salisbury, Bishops of, h. 186; iii. 24, 25, 83, 120, 327 Salman, a Jew Sheriff, h. 262 Salmon, h. 108 re. ; iii. 191 m., 282 Salrun, u. 219 Salter, i. 82 Salusbury, ii. 43 m. Salvage, ii. 176, 186 a., 199; hi. 183 Sambome, hi. 178 Sampson, or Samson, a. 222, 271, 277 ; hi. 108 m., 122 m., 129, 186 m., 204; Sup. 70 Sancroft, i. 362 Sanies, Sands, or Sandys, i. 364, 395 ; h. 13, 20, 44, 117, 309, 326 n. ; ia. 171, 171 »., 172, 173, 174, 177 n., 178, 193 «., 220, 226, 229, 232, 233, 262, 262 »., 263, 264, 264 «., 266, 275 m. Sanford, u. 87 m., 179 Sankey, i. 353 Sanuf, hi. 168 ». : Saolf!, iii. 62 m., 114 m. -. Saolt, hi. 8 m.: Saric, hi. 168 m. . Sariz, hi. 163 : Saulf, ai. 8, 10 Saravia, a. 360 Saunders, or Saundres, i. 207, 228 ; h. 84 Savage, or Sauvage, i. 394, 417 m. ; ii. 44, 96 »., 232; hi. 225 »., 228, 247, 258 n., 259 m., 261, 263 m., 264, 276 Savenak, or Sennoc, ih. 158 m. Saverson, h. 85 SaviU, SavUe, or SaveU, i. 289 m., 302 m. ; hi. 331 »., 341 Sawin, ui. 20 m., 350 Sawyere, hi. 216 Saxby, Sup. 65 Say, or Save, see also De Say and Say and Sele, i. 77 ; ii. 253m ., 256 m., 319, 327 M. ; ai. 127, 273, 274 Say and Sele, i. 197, 370 ; u. 94 •layer, or Sayere, ii. 55 ; ai. 214 3aymuket, ai. 27 I Scales, a. 2'i0 ScarcaviUe, a. 208 m., 303 Scarlett, a. 272 Scharp, hi. 311 n. Schelmat, iii. 210 n. Sihevele, hi. 260 n. Schmidt, h. 35 Schrider, ii. 35 Schussels, or Shushe, ih. 74 St later, hi. 219 m. Scogernel, h. 189, 190 Scory, h. 51 Scott, i. 190 ; ii. 68 n., 101 n., 257 ; ai. 1, 41, 135 ; Sup. 4, 46 n. Serope, or Scroop, i. 393 n. ; ii. 250, 251, 252, 282; ih. 170 Scrub, ii. 170 re. Scullard, ih. 133 n. Scurlag, ih. 48, 53, 62 n. Sealer, ii. 96 n. Seaiey, Seeley, or Sely, ai. 166 «., 289 ; Sup. 20 Seall (Searle ?) i. 411 Searle, or Serle, i. 158, 405, 410, 411 ; VOL. III. ii. 114, 122, 312, 336 n. ; hi. 71, 86, 97, 289, 307 ; Sup. 40, 59 Seaton, i. 208 Scborne, h. 87 Seeker, ii. 320 Segar, h. 81 Segrove, hi. 288 Selborne, ai. 307 re., 308 Selwyn, iii. 272 Semeleye, ii. 125 Bendy, ii. 356, 357 Senior, iii. 229 Serberiensis, i. 331 re. Sergius, Pope, i. 403 Sericbe, ih. 216m. Serle, see Searle. Serlo, hi. 184 n. Serlys, ii. 267 Serres, i. 83 Sevier, i. 257 Seward, h. 23, 24 SeweU, i. 208 ; Sup. 51 ». Sewer, iii. 127 m. Seyer, ii. 358 Seymour, i. 165 m., 186, 312, 338; h. 44, 77, 90, 91, 91 m., 293 »., 326, 368, 369 ; hi. 61, 245 n., 246 n. ; Sup. 55, 63 Shaftesbury, hi. 54 Shandois,-Shaiidus, see also Chandos, i. 320 ; h. 45 Sharpe, hi. 236 Sharpwell, ih. 34 Shaw, ih. 269 Shaw-Lefevre, i. 208 ; h. 73 ; Sup. 51 n., 74 Sheiling, hi. 133 n. Shelburne, i. 353, 356 Sheldon, i. 282 n. SheUey, or Shelly, i. 313 ; ii. 47, 52, 55, 286 ; ia. 103, 136, 136 ». Shelton, hi. 281 Shepherd, or Shepherde, i. 410 ; ii. 234; hi. 174, 183, 237, 238, 281 Sherburn, Bishop, i. 207, 217, 229 n., 231, 235, 241 Sherer, i. 208 Sherfield, ix. 327 Shergold, Sup. 45 Sheriffe, or Shireff, ii. 33, 35 Sheringham, Sup. 7, 9 Sherland, h. 290 Sherlock, i. 333 Sherson, Sup. 71 m. Shetel, h. 165 ShiUing, i. 387 Shipley, i. 131, 208, 210 m. ; h. 74 »., 79, 79 »., 80, 80 »., 81 Shipman, i. 167; h. 117 m. Shirley, or Shirleye, i. 367 n. , h. 213, 272, 303, 304 Short, ih. 296 Shory, i. 349, 350, 351 Shrewsbury, ii. 41, 263 Shrimpton, i. 416 ; h. 21 Shuchburgh, hi. 246 m. Shute, i. 241 ; Sup. 71 ». Shuter, or Shutor, ih. 174, 176 Shutland, i. 349, 351, 369 Shyreborne, i. 130 Shyrecole, ih. 189 Sibley, hi. 281 Sicut, h. 213 Sidney, iii. 136 m. Sidroc, ih. 239 Siferwast, Sifrewast, or Sifflewast, ii. 219, 220, 220 n. ; hi. 297 Sigare, iii. 330 Sigart, a. 160 m. : Sigebert, a. 238 n. -. Sigabyrht, King, i. 3:9; ii. 159 m. Sighelm, i. 112 re. : Sithric, i. 330 m. a. 163 Sikard, ii. 180 Silk, ii. 350 re. Silkstede, Prior, i 53, 54 »., 57, 66 re., 66 -re., 73, 74, 77, 91 m., 102, 130, 141 *»., 144, 145, 149 ; Sup. 70 re. Silver, iii. 286 Simeon, i. 97, 128, 149, 316, 412 ; ih. 239 m.; Sup. 13, 38, 51 m. Simmons, hi. 177 m. Simon, i. 135 re., 275 M. ; ii. 69 ; hi. 83 Simonds, i. 290 m. ; ii. 291 Sims, i. 140 m. Sinclah, i. 210 Sinns, ii. 102 Shic, i. 417 Sissmore, i. 190 Sitha, i. 224 Siward, i. 267 n. ; Hi. 110 m., 273 Skeate, ia. 127 M., 146 M. Skelton, hi. 170, 218 Skelynge, or Skylhng, h. 55, 88, 90 Skene, i. 24 re. Skeyte, hi. 127 Skinner, Skynner, or Skynnare, i. 189, 190 ; iii. 322 ; Sup. 28 Skot, ii. 244 re. ; ih. 1 Slaney, hi. 178 Slater, i. 362, 364 Sloane, h. 114, 115 m, 118, 119, 127, 133, 327, 333 ; ih. 71, 97 Sloane, Captain Stephen, ui. 7i Sloper, h. 55, 276 re., 290 Sly, hi. 267, 285 re. Smalhech, hi. 351 Small, ih. 285, 286 Smedemar, hi. 128 Smerks, ih. 73 Smith, Smithe, Smyth, or Smythe, i. 78, 86 »., 205, 208, 253, 254, 338, 355, 355 re.; h. 35, 71, 72 it., 87, 90, 92 re., 124, 153, 154, 155, 164, 187 »., 265, 325, 330, 350, 351 »., 374 ; hi. 62 »., 125, 181 «., 223, 237, 251 m., 254, 256, 286, 332,342 m., 344 m., 346, 347, 348 ; Sup. 24, 35 »., 40, 54 «., 73, 73 m., 78 SneU, ih. 286 Sneyd, Sup. 60 n Snow, ui. 251 Soden, i. 167 Somerset, a. 50, 53, 90, 249, 263, 293 m. ; ai. 172 Somerville, i. 208 Someter, ai. 319 m., 340 Sondes, a. 88 Soper, ii. 254, 257, 295, 346 Sorebert, hi. 168 m. Sotheby, h. 275 Souche, ih. 258 M., 294 n. South, or Sowthe, hi. 45 n., 146 «., 127, 353 Southampton, Earls of, h. 20 m., 231, 269, 278, 303, 345m., 363, 370; iii. 264 Southouse, Sup. 71 Spark, ui. 1 Sparkeford, i. 285 m. SpurweU, i. 394 m. Speccot, U. 113 m. Speed, a. 131, 328, 361 ; ia. 7, 235 Speering, ai. 331 Spence, i. 207, 345, 346, 352, 363 ; ai. 277 m. Spencer, or Spenser, i. 383 m., 384 m., 417; a. 92 m., 289 ; hi. 139, 146, 186, 211 M. 23 INDEX. Spert, hi. 10 Spete, u. 258 Spicer, ii. 55, 250; hi. 313 re. SpickerneU, see also Spigurnel, Sup. 13, 19, 21 Spier, or Spyer, iii. 228, 267, 288 Spigurnel, ii. 221, 221 m. ; iii. 259 n. Spigwell, ii. 70 Spiieman, iii. 42, 43, 91 »., 117, 128, 129, 129 »., 160 Spine, i. 313 Spircok, iu. 184 Spradbury, h. 322, 323 Springet, h. 194 Sprint, i. 176 Spruseman, iii. 220 m. Squibb, i. 349 Squire, h. 319 Stacy, ih. 337 Stafferton, ih. 285 m. Stafford, ii. 343; ih. 46, 47, 79, 105 »., 262 m. Stanbrugge, i. 207 Standfast, i. 171 Standish, ii. 314 St. Andre, ii. 274, 340 Stanford, Sup. 42 re. Stanhope, h. 46, 293 re. Stanley, i. 78, 206, 364; h. 118, 287, 301 »., 312 re., 327, 346 ; ai. 74 ft., 177 m. ; Sup. 79 Stapleton, or Stapylton, i. 207 ; a. 257 Starling, Sup. 41 re. Staunton, or Stanton, a. 65 n., 114, 224, 253 ; hi. 41, 130 Staverton, hi. 297 Stavetly, iii. 307 StaweU, ih. 71, 246, 276 »., 293 n. St. Barbe, i. 345, 351, 366, 367, 370, 414 m. ; h. 121 m. ; hi. 57, 57 m., 134m., 136. 146 re. Stead, i. 362, 364 Stebbing, ix. 356 Stempe, i. 179, 186 n., 187, 204 Stent, hi. 52, 314 Stentor, a. 125, 226 Stephen, Khig, i. 10 m., 23 m., 31 m., 103, 116, 153, 266 «., 267 n., 270, 281 m., 285, 289, 291, 301, 303 m., 307, 312, 331, 332 M., 345; a. 63, 110 m., 164, 172, 269, 273, 342; hi. 24, 112, 122; Sup. 79 Stephen, i.409 ; h. 9 n., 166 ; hi. 220, 266 Stephens, i. 81, 273 m., 274 «., 277 m., 278 »., 279 re. ; Sup. 32, 56, 59, 67 Steptoe, h. 357, 358 Sterling, Sup. 68, 69 Sternhold, i. 320, 418 Sterye, h. 77 Stevens, h. 368 ; ih. 86 281 Stevenson, i. 171 Steward, i. 130 Stewkely, h. 31 St. George, ii. 98 Stibbert, ii. 275, 276 Stigand, i. 57 »., 71 re., 115, 140, 149, 151, 300 m., 301 »., 317 ; ix. 107 n., 162 ; hi. 296 Stillingfleet, hi. 148 n. St. John, i. 418 ; ii. 21, 32 »., 38, 39, 62, 67, 74, 74 »., 79, 84, 85, 105, 184, 189, 207, 216, 224 »., 225, 227 «, 342, 360; ih. 27, 61 »., 96, 97, 100, 121, 122, 154 m., 157, 181, 182, 184 »., 211, 212 »., 214, 215 »., 216, 220, 241, 243, 244, 255, 256, 258, 260, 263, 263 »., 265, 267 «., 270, 271 »., 282, 286, 290, 291, 294, 306, 307 »., 315, 318 m., 329 24 St. Lawrence, h. 175 »., 179, 204, 205, 208 m., 271, 304, 307, 308 St. Leger, hi. 275 Stockdale, hi. 124 Stocker, ih. 229, 237 StockweU, hi. 291 Stoke, i. 233 »., 240 Stoker, iii. 187 Stokesle, h. 28, 55 Stonard, h. 326 Stonehouse, i. 208 Stonour, i. 389 n. ; hi. 187 Stopes, i. 190 Stormy, ih. 351 Story, ii. 83 »., 84 Stour, ih. 100 Stourton, ih. 14, 14 m., 101, 105 m., 138, 139, 158, 159, 220, 301 ». Stowe, ii. 326 Stowell, Sh Edward (or Sh John), ii. 13 Stowell, i. 240 ; ii. 13 St. Quintin, hi. 11, 157 Strange, ii. 251, 266 Strangways, ii. 329 m. ; hi. 237 Stratton, or Stretton, h. 19, 206, 220 ; hi. 270 »., 321 ; Sup. 41 Strickland, i. 167 ; Sup. 42 re. Stride, i. 377 ; iu. 72 Strode, i. 309, 310 Strongbow, Earl of StriguU, ii. 173 n. Stronge, ih. 2 Stroud, or Stroude, h. 101 ; hi. 253 Strout, hi. 319 n. Strut, iii. 241 Stuart, i. 207; h. 99, 103, 326; hi. 71, 95 Stubbington, h. 103 Stubbs, i. 150, 308 Studley, h. 324 ; hi. 55 »., 353 Stuf, Sup. 26 Stukley, hi. 175, 246, 246 ». Stump, hi. 247 Stur, h. 166, 167, 168 Stages, i. 80, 85, 208 Sturmy, ii. 91 ; hi. 13 »., 91 M., 303, 304 m. Sturt, h. 99 m.; hi. 290 Stut, h. 213, 303 Style, hi. 235 re. Su'cleman, ih. 212 Suffacins, hi. 299 Suffolke, ii. 51, 253 Sugar, i. 183 re. SuUivan, ih. 348 Sumner, i. 127, 157, 199, 211, 214 n., 376; a. 24, 266 ; ai. 285, 286; Sup. 43, 74, 81 m. Surrey, see also Howard, i. 208 ; a. 264 Sussex, iii. 177 m. SuthUl, i. 309 Suthwellie, i. 87 Sutor, or Shuter, hi. 174 Sutton, ri. 69, 206, 219, 220, 224; hi. 27 m., 170, 268 m. Swaddon, i. 258 Swaine, pi. 285 re. Swaineleo, iii. 252 Swauley, h. 317, 318, 318 re. Swanne, ih. 172 m. Swanton, i. 169 ; h. 326 n. ; iii. 74 Swart, ih. 62 Swayne, ix. 67 Sweeting, hi. 343 Swein, ii. 304 Swend, h. 167 Sweos, h. 251 m., 252 m. Sweyn i. 316, 330 ; ii. 160, 161, 163 »., 304 ; Sup. 27 Swinburn, h. 271 Swinford, i. 123 Swithbert, i. 402 Swithun, i. 3 »., 10, 20 »., 37, 62, 73 «., 75, 95, 96, 97, 104 m., 108 »., 112, 113, 123, 125 M., 127, 130 «., 140, 145, 149, 151, 152, 162 »., 182 »., 200, 270 M., 291 M. ; ii. 2 M. Swyfte, a. 20 Sydenham, i. 370, 414 M. ; ui. 156 n. ; Sup. 81 M. Symondes, Symonds, or Symons, i. 76, 164 »., 246 m., 249, 250, 256 »., 258, 259 ; a. 65, 319 Synagon, iii. 301 M. Synes, a. 96 re. Syward, ii. 248; iii. 149, 170, 189 Tacham, i. 189 Tache, hi. 343 TaUlour, a. 350 n. TakneU, i. 189 Talbot, i. 208; U. 342; ai. 139, 200 Taliator, h. 304 Tancred, hi. 97 Tank, Tauk, or Talk, i. 416 ; a. 249, 249 »., 254, 254 m. ; ai. 219, 219 re., 223 n. Tanner, also Currier, i. 290 re. ; a. 113 m. ; ai. 41, 91, 285, 318 Tapps, ai. 106, 132, 136 Tarrant, hi. 176 »., 285 Tarver, ih. 52 Tate, i. 320, 321 Tauk, see Tank Taunton, i. 129, 262 ; h. 212 n., 358, 359 ; hi. 318, 327 Taverner, h. 258 ; hi. 29, 40, 191 Taweyare, Tawyare, or Tawyer, hi. 101, 284 Taylor, or Taylour, i. 76, 77, 167, 188, 192, 345, 361, 364, 365, 391 n. ; ix. 30, 84, 102, 126, 127, 164 »., 312 re., 321, 334, 339, 345, 363, 369, 370 ; hi. 131 m., 285 7i., 346, 347, 351 Tebaud, ih. 206 Tedgar, ih. 321 Tedric, ih. 168 n. Tegnor, ih. 220 n. Tempest, h. 65 re. Temple, i. 143, 338, 347, 348, 351, 362, 364, 365, 366, 416 ; ii. 47, 114, 211 M., 305, 354 ; Sup. 32, 33 Templer, hi. 153 Tender, ix. 253 Tennyson, i. 320 m. ; Sup. 69, 70 TerreU, see Tyrrell, Sup. 81 m. Terms, h. 192 Terry, i. 190 ; ia. 219 n., 238 M. Tessum, ih. 145 m., 152, 153 re. Testwood, or Terstwode, i. 404, 405 n. ; h. 325 ; ih. 42, 92 Tetbald, ih. 168 »., 321 Teuton, ai. 143, 321 Tevant, ui. 66 Teyes, ai. 28 Teynham, i. 393 re. Thame, hi. 212 re. Theband, h. 220 ; hi. 188 Thedden, hi. 223 m. Theodore, i. 332; ii. 182; ui. 142, 143 Thessum de Ahngham, ih. 149 Thomas, i. 127, 170 re., 253, 309, 419; ix. 61, 61 re., 120, 182, 187 m., 201 re., 202 »., 220 »., 231, 234, 248, 219 n., 303 ; hi. 42, 123, 127, 143, 167, 2.(2, 225 n., 282, 286, 288, 289, 290 Thomas of Hyde, i. 309 : Thomas of Stoke, ih. 42 : Thomas of Worting, h. 249«.: Thomas atte Moure, h. 234 : atte Watre, hi. 167 INDEX. Thomasine, iii. 123 ThorkyU, ii. 161 Thorley, ii. 251 n. Thorn, i. 176 n., 177 •«. ; h. 37 ; Sup. 77 Thornborough, Thornborow, Thorn burge, Thornburgh, Thornburn, Thombury, Thorneburgh, hi. 133 n., 176, 177 Thome, ii. 109 m. Thomer, i. 412 ; ii. 356, 358 ThornhaU, hi. 45 m. Thomyng, ii. 253 Thorold, i. 393 re. Thorpe, i. 16 m., 113 »., 265 n., 316; hi. 237, 293, 293 »., 294 Thrale, ii. 43 n. Throckmorton, hi. 61 Throud, h. 167 Thudden, i. 130 re. ; ui. 312 Thurbum, i. 183, 185 re., 186, 203 Thurloe, ii. 318 Thurmond, h. 206 Thurnam, hi. 176 Thurstan, hi. 312 Thurston, hi. 44 Thyre, h. 161 ,». Tice, hi. 98 Tichbome, Titchborne, Tichebourn, Techborne, Tychbom, Tychebourne, or Tycheburn, i. 76, 256 »., 301, 302 m., 367, 416 ; h. 11, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 20 n., 21, 21 m., 22, 22 m., 23, 55 m., 66 m., 75, 96 m., 99, 101 »., 106 it., 227 m., 293, 305, 320, 321, 325 ; hi. 9, 10, 13 m., 41, 85, 123 n., 129, 130, 144 n., 154 m., 177 n., 193, 215 m., 220 »., 245 m., 276 ; Sup. 79, 80 n. Kdbald, i. 400 m., rUloch, h. 361 rilney, i. 258 ; iii. 237 rindal, hi. 353 Tinne, i. 399 n. Tipping, ih. 154 Tiptoft, a. 260 Thel, TheU, Tiril, or Tirrell, see Tyr rell. i Th-enache (Tyrevache?) hi. 118 Tisted, h. 227 ». [Titchfield, Abbot of, ii. 19, 211 ; iii. 85, 324 re. ¦Toch, or Toke, hi. 211, 221 iToclyve, i. 71, 72 m., 116, 117, 137 m., 151, 233, 234, 236 »., 240, 242, 379 ; hi. 299, 333 Todd, i. 249 »., 260 re., 261 »., 262 »., 336 re. ; ih. 133 m., 150 folemache, ih. 305 ffomline, or Pretyman, i. 80, 127, 152 T'omlmson, h. 329 re. ; hi. 343 Tomlyns, i. 176 Tompson, Tomson, or Thompson, h. 13, 1 265, 265 m. Tojms, a. 319 Tone, ai. 168 »., 337 TOnlier, a. 277 Toisti, Earl, ai. 101, 109 »., 114, 142 : "tostig, brother of Harold, Sup. 27 : Tosth, son of Elric, h. 165 Toteford, hi. 271 m. Totev, i. 380 Touchet, i. 76 Touere, iu. 213 Touuyngharte, ih. 220 n. Touy, ih. 311 Tovi,i.407Tow.isend, i. 84, 207 Tracy, ii. 66 m. ; iu. 265 Traffles, i. 77 Tragett, i. 364 Trapp, or Trappe, h. 42 n. ; hi. 235, 246, 279 TregonweU, or Tregunwell, i. 414 m. Tregoy, ii. 54, 227 re.; ai. 120 re., 271 m. Treguier, i. 373 m. Trelawney, i. 11, 57 m., 85 m., 93, 126, 172 m., 194 m., 362 ; h. 70 ; ih. 54 Tremenheere, i. 208 Trench, i. 84, 86 n. ; ii. 37, 351 Trenchard, i. 190; ii. 227; hi. 58, 114, 117, 129, 129 m., 134 re., 313 Trentegeruns, ix. 170 Tresford, Sup. 68 re. Tresham, ui. 61 m. Tressilian, i. 373 n. Trevelyan, i. 373 re. Tribe, iii. 319 Trimnel, i. 86, 126, 131, 207 Tripacy, i. 314 ; u. 26, 26 m. Trodd, ii. 96 n. Trot, or Trott, hi. 246 re. Trotter, ih. 353 Trussel, or TrusseU, h. 91, 251 ; ai. 242 m., 266 Tryggvason, a. 160, 161 n., 167 Trym, ui. 130 Tuchiner, i. 206 Tuchyne, ii. 129 Tudor ap Etuyved, h. 269 Tuffton, h. 103 TuUy, ih. 285 m. Tulse, h. 101 re. ; hi. 41, 56, 127, 127 »., 132, 135, 136 Tunbright, i. 113, 134 »., 151, 387 ; h. 24 Turald, ih. 163, 187 Turburville, i. 207 Turevile, ii. 74 n. ; hi. 318 Turgis, or Turgys, iii. 184 m., 277 Turke, i. 228 Turner, i. 73 »., 84, 185 »., 190, 191, 207; h. 63, 119, 120; hi. 51, 282; Sup. 75 Turney, hi. 133 m. Turry, or De Turri, ih. 269, 269 re. Turstan, h. 166, 168, 278 Turstin, ii. 49, 217 M. ; hi. 273 Turvyle, iii. 184 Tutchin, hi. 131 «., 345, 345 m. Tutt, i. 372, 414; hi. 45 »., 46 »., 146 re., 286 Twichin, u. 312 m Twine, iii. 294 re. Twisse, i. 207 Twyford, ii. 82 Twyne, iii. 234 m., 235 m., 237, 294 n. Tychiner, i. 206 Tyerman, Sup. 38 n. Tyes, h. 258 re., 337 ». Tyhinge, ii. 69 Tylee, i. 361 Tyler, hi. 351 Tylney, or Tilney, ii. 336, 336 m., 337 m. ; iii. 280, 281, 290, 291 Tyrconnel, ii. 91 Tyrevache, hi. 128 TyrreU, TerreU, Tirel, Thell, Thil, TirrUl, TyreU, or Tyrrel, h. 227 m. ; hi. 13, 13 m., 35, 36, 37, 38 n., 138, 138 «., 151 7i., 176 re., 220 ; Sup. 81 M. Tytinge, i. 275 n. UdaU, i. 207 ; ii. 91 ; hi. 193 n. Ulgar, hi. 91, 92 Ulster, i. 146, 147 Ulther, i. 385 n. Uluin, iii. 168 m. Ulveve, iu. 141, 186, 321 Ulviet, i. 404; ia. 11, 100 Ulward, ia. 309 re. Ulwin, i. 418 ; ia. 62 M., 168 n. Umfraville, ii. 254, 254 m. UnderhUl, i. 207 Underwood, hi. 286 Unwin, hi. 287 Uphill, iii. 47 Urban VI, i. 201 Uri, ii. 345 Urke, ii. 161 Urm, ii. 58 Urry, ih. 49, 49 m., 74 m., 220 m. ; Sup. 57, 59 m. Urswyk, ix. 65 «., 253 Ussher, i. Ill re. ; ui. 157 Utterton, Sup. 81 n. Uuedale, i. 171 Uun, iii. 168 re. Uvedale, Ovedale, UdaU, or Wood- daU, i. 120, 171; u. 109 n., 286 m. ; hi. 64, 146 n., 290 »., 331, 331 M. Uward, ii. 278 Val, h. 219 ; hi. 334 Valower, ih. 311 n. Vanhraham, hi. 253 n. Vane, Sup. 35 n. Vansittart, i. 395 n. Varecin, hi. 302 Varndel, iii. 291 Vaspail, hi. 217 n. Vaughan, h. 66 Vaus, h. 268; hi. 113, 293 Vaux, i. 363 ; ii. 43 n. ; iii. 275 n. Veale, h. 23 Veel, ii. 202 m. ; hi. 334 Veisey, hi. 282 Venables, i. 260 »., 349; hi. 136 n., 139 m., 174, 177, 178, 178 «., 192, 276 ; Sup. 60 n., 64 re., 69 re. Venure, hi. 242 Verhne (p) ih. 290 Vernon, a. 168, 312 re., 359 m. ; hi. 9, 43, 61, 115, 174, 300, 301 Verry, Sup. 58 n. Verstegan, a. 256 m. Vesey, ia. 170 Viable, ai. 212 Vicars, i. 146, 147 Victor IV., ii. 268 Victoria, Queen, i. 85, 110 «., 141, 194, 197, 366, 405 ; ii. 24, 211 »., 255, 270 m., 345, 338, 350 ; Sup. 19, 21, 43, 45, 46, 51 «., 60, 61, 62 ».-, 63 ViUebois, hi. 71 ViUers, hi. 301 Vuhers, ii. 363 Vinn, h. 95 Virica, or Verica, hi. 201, 202 Vitalis, i. 225 m. ; h. 278 ; hi, 209 n. Vivyan, hi. 216 Vokes, i. 290 n. Vole, i. 186 n., 188 Vortigern, i. 383 m., 385 ; ui. 204 Vorthner, i. 385 »., 386 re. Vyvyen, h. 220 Waddington, ix. 80 Wade, a. 96 m. ; hi. 329 m. Wadham, Sup. 55, 56 Wadmore, h. 358 Wafferer, i. 77 Wager, hi. 322 Waight, hi. 176 Wain, ih. 273 re. Wake, i. 170; ii. 169 m. Walaston, hi. 314 Walcot, or Walcott, i. 178 n , 210 n,; iii. 71, 103, 104, 105, 106 Wald, ii. 251 n. Waldegrave, hi. 246 Waldhere, ii. 251 re. Waldred, h. 159 Waldron, a. 355 m. ; ia. 39, 285 m. Waleran, i. 333; ii. 204, 214; ia. 24, 58, 101, 115, 142, 143, 187 Walerand, see also Walrounde, i. 414, 415 m., 418 •«. ; a. 176 ¦«., 365 ; iii. 4 M. Wales, Frederick, Prince of, h. 133, 331 ; ia. 56 Wales, Albert Edward, Prince of, hi. 66; Sup. 74 Wales, hi. 210 re. Walet, ui. 284 Walewayn, ia. 54 Waleys, ai. 212, 214 re., 223 re., 258 re. Walfbrd, i. 73 m., 74 m., 146, 178 n., 194 m., 272 m. Walfranc, i. 332, 333 Walkelyn, Bishop, i. 50 re., 55 re., 75, 88, 92 m., 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 106, 115, 128, 132, 133, 135, 141 n., 291, 306 ; h. 10, 25 ; hi. 72 Walker, i. 320 ; ix. 30 ; hi. 51, 146 n. ; Sup. 33 Walk i. 83 ; a. 67, 68 ; ai. 276 WaUace, Sup. 34, 35, 37, 52 re. WaUbridge, Sup. 60 WaUer, i. 52 n., 56 re., 65 m., 88 re., 203, 301, 302, 376 re.; a. 12, 13, 14, 21, 29, 75, 75 m., 77, 81, 82, 85, 121 n., 336 m. ; hi. 133, 146 m., 174, 246, 246 re., 249, 250, 253, 254, 276 WaUof, . 32 re., 367, 416 ; h. 78, 294, 294 M., 301 re., 306, 312; hi. 56, 132, 134 re., 146 M., 161, 172, 174, 176, 193 M., 222, 228, 237, 246, 256, 263 it., 275 re., 349 Walpole, i. 366 re., 377 m. ; hi. 264 Walrounde, Walrond, Walraund, or Walrand, see also Walerand, i. 415 m. ; h. 18, 19, 224, 225 ; ia. 128, 153, 235 m. Walsher, h. 262 Walter, Abbot of Quarr, ih. 118: Bishop of Hereford, ii. 64 ; ai. 209 : Prior of Breamora, ai. 117: Prior of St. Swithin's, i. 128, 129, 149 Walter, ix. 65 Walters, i. 57 m., 61 m., 144, 299 m. ; iii. 343, 343 n. Waltheof, i. 317 Walton, hi. 344 ; Sup. 78 n. Walynford, i. 186 n., 188 Wandesford, ii. 19, 316, 316 re.; hi. 55 M., 353 Wanstede, ai. 328, 329, 330 Wantevule, iii. 258 m. Wanton, ai. 212 n., 213 m., 258 m. Warbleton, ih. 260, 270, 271 Ward, i. 208, 339, 340 Warder, i. 274 re. Ware i. 377 Warh'am, i. 181 «., 207; h. 196 »., 266 M. ; ih. 178, 227 «., 272, 272 re. Waring, i. 49 re. Warinus, i. 266 re. ; ix. 173 Warue, iii. 40 Warneford, i. 208; ih. 247, 311 re., 335 Warner, i. 131, 334; ii. 66 re., 178 «., 26 INDEX. 291 m. ; ai. 130, 159, 171, 171 »., 175, 238, 262 M., 263, 263 »., 285 re. ; Sup. 10 Warren, or Warene, i. 208, 287 M., 290 M., 346; h. 179 ft., 194, 232, 269, 270, 323, 365 ; hi. 71, 84, 324, 334, 335 Warriner, hi. 177 n. Warton, i. 24 re., 36 »., 49 »., 79, 80, 82, 89 m., 90, 103, 115 «., 147, 178 n., 185 n., 189 »., 191 m., 206, 209 «., 291, 292 7i., 296 n., 298 »., 301 n., 305 n., 327 m. ; ii. 36, 338 n., 339, 339 7i. ; hi. 235, 235 n., 236, 238 re., 256 Warwick, or Warwicke, h. 253, 260, 263, 292; hi. 10, 86, 176, 177 «., 255, 293 Waryn, hi. 337 Wascehn, ii. 209, 219 m. Waspayl, WaspayUe, or Wastpall, ih. 217 n., 282, 292 re. Wassa, ii. 57 Wastehuse, or Wastehose, u. 62 ; hi. 211, 211 »., 265 Waterington, hi. 148 "Waterman, h. 322 ; ui. 148 Waterehel, hi. 1 26 n. Waterworth, Sup. 38 re., 73 n. Wateville, iii. 258 re. Watkdns, i. 84 Watmore, or Whatmoor, hi. 281, 286 Watson, i. 75, 125, 131, 152, 179, 180 241 260 re. ; a. 66, 343 ; ia. 288, 292, 343, 353 Watton, i. 190 Watts, i. 352 ; h. 299, 320, 323, 339, 358, 361, 363, 369 ; hi. 232, 346 Wavell, i, 158, 260 »., 410 ; ii. 291 re. ; iii. 136 re., 342 n., Sup. 34 re. Waverley, hi. 306 Way, i. 275 ; Sup. 46 Wayhe, h. 219 Waynflete, i. 61 n., 68, 69, 74, 76, 123, 124 »., 127 »., 152, 155 »., 163, 205, 207, 209 «., 235, 239 «., 243, 292 « 372 ; h. 28, 128 ; hi. 222, 297, 316, 351 Wayte, i. 148, 228, 228 re., 313 ; ii. 28, 55 m. ; ai. 153, 183 Webb, or Webbe, i. 78, 268 ». ; u. 330 ; hi. 222, 229, 252, 262 Webster, Sup. 51 n. Wedal, ih. 342 Wederhal, hi. 82 Weld, i. 19 m. ; h. 312 re. ; ai. 62 it., 101, 194, 312 m. Weldon, a. 291 Welfreyes, a. 97 WeUbeloved, Sup. 47 re. Welles, Wellis, or Wells, i. 194 re. ; ii. 19, 20, 77 re., 79 re., 86, 87, 92 n., 94, 99, 187. 290 : hi. 12, 30, 62 62 n., 85, 102, 123 re., 153 Wellington, i. 208 ; iii. 196, 197, 277, 279, 280 ; Sup. 32 Welsborne, h. 51 Welsted, i. 190 Weltden, iii. 124 Wengham, i. 118 ; iu. 150 ». Wenne, hi. 311 re. WereweUe, ui. 308 n. Wertrnan, ii. 176 Wesley, i. 177, 184 re. West, i. 405, 409, 413 ; h. 312 »., 313, 313 re., 326 re. ; iii. 53, 101, 103, 105, 119, 121, 122, 123, 123 m., 138, 145, 163 re., 177 it., 1T8, 218, 236 -«., 263 re. ; Sup. 44 re. Westbrook, i. 334, 3'.38 Westbury, i. 241 ; ii. 109 re. ; ai. 130, 270 m. Westcombe, ih. 178 Westcott, or De Westcote, i. 205; iii. 180, 184 »., 284, 311 Westfayling, Bishop, ix. 52 m. Westgate, i. 130 Westmacott, i. 80 ; Sup. 74 Westmore, ii. 329 m. Weston, ii. 83, 84; hi. 122 m., 223 m., 258 «., 319, 331 Whalley, ii. 318; ih. 156 Wharton, i. 71 re., 73 »., 92 «., 94 re., 95 »., 96 m., 100 re., 103 re., 104 »., 106 M., 108 »., 109 »., Ill »., 112 re., 114 m., 115 »., 118 m., 119 »., 120 »., 123 «., 124 m., 127, 128 »., 129, 130 »., 132 m., 135 m., 137 »., 141 «., 149, 232 re., 253 m., 270 m. ; ii. 358 ; ui. 235 m. Wheat, i. 253 n. Wheler, hi. 236 Whelpdale, hi. 286, 288 WherweU, ih. 168 Whetham, ih. 344, 344 n. Whicher, see Whitcher Whislade, ix. 312 re. Whit, ih. 263 m. Whitaker, ii. 334 ; Sup. 10 Whitby, hi. 277 «. Whitcher, or Whicher, i. 377, 379, 380, 395, 396 ; ix. 312 n. ; hi. 71 White, or Whyte, i. 16 »., 125, 151, 175 M., 179, 187, 190, 204, 206, 207, 229, 257, 258, 276 re., 290, 290 n., 362, 380, 417 M. ; ii. 20, 21, 23, 23 re., 36, 75, 88, 96 re., 97, 112 M., 113 n., 124 »., 321, 326; hi. 13, 47, 106, 106 »., 130, 135, 135 «., 154, 157, 159, 193 »., 227, ^33, 233 re., 234, 246, 266, 279, 287, 287 »., 289, 292 «., 314, 315, 316, 354 ; Sup. 19 «., 62, 65, 69 m., 70, 70 m. Whitear, h. 33 m., 34 Whitehead, i. 208; h. 101 m., 299, 300 ; hi. 146 »., 251 ; Sup. 40 Whitgift, Archbishop, i. 401 Whitham, h. 102, 351 Whitton, hi. 290 Whyte, see White Wiard, iii. 312 Wickart, i. 131 Wickham, or Wykeham, which see also, i. 241 m.; h. 96 m., 343; ih. j 331, 335 / Widmore, i. 160 ; ih. 178 Wigboyht, i. 112 re. Wigg, or Wigge, iii. 228, 285, 285 n , i 297 Wiggett, hi. 264 I "Wigmore, Sup. 2 Wigram, i. 214; h. 330 re. j Wigthegn, i. 112, 151 Wihenoc, or Winnock, hi. 168 Whitgar, Sup. 26 Wild, ih. 288 ». Wilfrid, i. 87, 402, 406; h. 69; ih. 86, 239 re.; Sup. 26 Wilkes, or Wilks, i. 118 n., 158, 365, 377, 381 ; h. 46, 326 ; iii. 66 re. Wilkin, i. 203 n. WUkins, h. 323 ; Sup. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 re., 13, 18, 19 «., 21 n., 22, 25, 26 m., 29, 30, 31, 38, 41, 42 m., 51 «., 57 Willac, hi. 114 m. Willes, ii. 20 William I., i. 18 re., 55 >?., 94, 99, :15, INDEX. 116, 133 m., 136 m., 150, 158 m., 159m., 185 re., 268 m., 291, 300 n., 301 m., 307, 310, 311, 317, "331 re., 334, 336, 340, 341, 367, 413, 418 ; h. 10, 14, 34, 54, 62, 63, 68 m., 89 M., 164, 166, 168, 169, 173 m., 205, 217, 221, 352 ; hi. 7, 8, 15 M., 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 36, 39, 72, 73, 95, 96, 100, 108, 109, 110, 111 re., 141, 142, 151, 162, 163, 167, 168, 169, 187, 190, 208, 209, 239, 272 m., 273, 274 m., 296, 298, 309, 324, 333 ; Sup. 27, 76 :— William IL, i. 4, 60 re., 71, 99, 115, 291, 364; ix. 14, 103, 169 re., 164, 168, 171 ; hi. 15. 21, 23, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 96, 111, 122:— William III., i. 347, 362 n. ; ix. 30, 67, 97, 117, 281, 327 re. ; ia. 32, 157, 256, 291, 345, 346 :— William IV., i. 8 re., 12 m., 85, 142. re., 280, 347 ; ii. 263 m., 334 ; Sup. 42 WUham atte Crouche, i. 411 : Wuliam atte Donne, iu. 119: William atte Heth, ih. 167: WUliam atte Ligh, i. 389 : WiUiam atte Purge, h. 70 "WUham, h. 261 Williams, i. 81, 172 n., 186 m., 190, 193, 207, 208, 242 M., 331 m., 414 ; ii. Ill, 112, 292; ih. 2, 9, 136, 147, 343, 345, 346, 353 ; Sup. 64, 81 n. Williamson, ih. 282, 286 WUlibald, i. 398, 398 re. "WUhbrord, i. 401, 402, 403 Willis, i. 36 n., 37 n., 38 »»., 39 re., 41, 42 m., 43 re., 44 m., 45 re., 46 m., 47 m., 51 re., 52 m., 53 m., 55 »., 57 re., 59 n., 61 »., 62 M., 63 M., 64, 66 »., 70 »., 80, 81, 81 it., 84, 95 m., 96 n., 97, 98, 99 m., 100 m., 101, 102, 126, 144, 149, 307, 308, 309; h. 31m., 71, 113, 114; hi. 104, 133 m., 140, 176 re., 191, 354. WiUkok, i. 189 re. Wffloughby, iii. 170, 246, 250 WUls, i. 206 m. WUlyaums de Rombrygge, ui. 2 Wilson, i. 176 re., 208; a. 363; hi. 147 re., 347; Sup. 81 n. Wiltshhe, h. 314 m. ; hi. 353 Wimarch, h. 170, 170 m. Wimund, i. 267 ». ; ii. 192 Wmchester, i. 181 n., 210 n., 279 m., 293 m. ; h. 39, 43 M., 83, 326 m. ; hi. 40, 177 m., 178, 183, 225 m., 246, 247, 247 71., 248, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 258 : — Winchester, Bishop of, ih. 31, 66, 67, 70 m., 72 re., 123, 136, 139, 215 «., 240, 255 n., 304, 335, 350, 354 Windeham, or Windham, see Wynd ham Winder, hi. 289 Windfrid, i. 387, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403 Windsor, or Wyndsor, ii. 72 m., 224, 365 ; hi. 74 n., 151, 206 m., 262 «., 263, 264, 272 Winebald, i. 398 Winford, i. 148, 183 m. Wingfield, ii. 256; ih. 220, 220 it., 261 Wingham, i. 322 ; hi. 219 ». Wini, i. 70 k., 71 m., 108 m., 109 m., 110, 111 n., 115 m., 150 Winsor, i. 348 Winston, i. 44 re., 47 m., 62, 63 re., 91 n., 183 n., 226 m., 230 n. Wintei-bourne, h. 332 Wintershiul, or WyntreshuU, i. 338, 416 n. ; h. 20, 77, 105, 209 n. ; ih. 211, 241, 269, 270 Wintra, i. 399, 401 n. Wintran, i. 400 m. Wiot, see Wyatt Wislac, hi. 8, 97, 100 Witbort, i. 402 WithaU, ii. 290 Wither, i. 186 it., 188, 410 ; a. 165 m. ; ia. 177 n., 232, 282, 291, 352 Withers, i. 364, 365 ; ii. 31, 164 n. ; ia. 177 m. Witikind, i. 402 Witlaf, h. 161 n. Witson, ai. 114 Wix, Sup. 76 Wledig, i. 383, 384: Wlfeard, ii. 238 m. : Wlfgar, a. 238 n. . Wlfric, i. 308; ii. 76: Wlnod, ai. 296: Wlward, i. 266 M. ; ia. 62 m. : Wlwin, ih. 168 m. Wodecote, hi. 188, 240 Wodefolde, ia. 44 Wodeward, see Woodward WodhuU, i. 208 Woingas, ix. 251 m. Wolfe, or Woolf, i. 210 n. ; h. 36, 48 ; ih. 38 Wolfhard, i. 398 WoUaston, ii. 14 Wolsey, Cardinal, i. 124, 149. 152; h. 53 ; hi. 139, 175, 245. Wolwynus, i. 135 n. Wood, i. 208 ; ix. 77, 276 ; Sup. 56 n. Woodelock, see Woodlock Woodford, i. 84, 208; ui. 178; Sup. 81 re. Woodlock, i. 72, 119, 129, 162, 156 «., 334 ; ii. 89 »., 90, 200, 227 re. ; hi. 59, 123 n. Woodroffe, i. 82 ; iu. 237 ; Sup. 81 n. WoodviUe, Woodvil, or WydeviUe, h. 250, 260, 260re. ; ia. 246 n. ; Sup. 48 Woodward, or Wodeward, i. 164, 207 ; a. 322, 323 ; hi. 212 m., 282, 284 Woodyer, i., 165 re. . Wooldridge, i. 27 ». "Woolf, see Wolfe. Woolgar, or Wolgar, ix. 298 ; hi. 62 re. Wools, hi. 62 Worcester, ii. 249, 260 ; ai. 331 Wordsworth, i. 183, 192 »., 193, 195, 197 »., 198, 206 »., 207, 208 ; hi. 32 «., 364 Worgte, hi. 292 re. Worme, hi. 74 Worplesdene, hi. 351 Worsaac, ih. 98 Worseley, or Worsley, see also Yar borough, i. 210 re. ; h. 20, 67, 323 ». ; hi. 133 m. 147 m. ; Sup. 22 m., 57, 58, 58 re., 59, 59 «., 64, 64 re. Worth, hi. 294 re. Worting, or Worttynge, ii. 219, 223 m. Wote, h. 231 Wotton, i. 208, 240; h. 122, 206, 220, 227 Woulger, hi. 147 m. Wrangwick, or Wrangwyche, ix. 266, 266 re. Wrangy, h. 267, 277 Wren, i. 11, 12, 22, 302; ii. 153, 153 n., 154, 155 ; iu. 99 re., 151 M. Wright, or Wrighte, i. 235, 290 »., 291, 314; ih. 173, 176; Sup. 63 m. Wriothesley, or Wryothesley, i. 202m., 315, 363, 414; ii. 21, 66, 67, 84 m., 95, 108 m., 109, 112 m., 115, 265 n., 285, 286, 305, 306, 319, 323, 326 336 «., 363 ; ui. 57, 68, 87, 331 Wroth, Robert, h. 312; hi. 13, 147 m. Wroughton, i. 228 ; iii. 247 Wulfgar, i. 137 «. : Wulfhard, ii. 159 : Wulfhelm, ix. 57 : Wulfhere, i. 110 ; h. 159 ». ; Sup. 26 : Wulfnoth, ix. 73 : Wulfran, h. 171 : Wulfred, i. 112 ».; h. 48, 238 n. : Wulfric, i. 407 ; a. 16, 160, 162 ; iu. 110 n. : Wulfrith, a. 48: Wulfruna, ii. 161, 164: Wulfri, iu. 333: Wulfrig, i. 128: Wulfstan, ui. 309 n. : Wulf- weard, ii. 162 : Wulfwi, a. 162 Wulrand, i. 345 Wurehoud, h. 181 Wyatt, or Wiot, 49 n., 61 »., 208; h. 186 n. ; hi. 330 ; Sup. 63 Wybrand, h. 181 Wycliffe, i. 121, 122, 186 n. WydeviUe, see Woodville. Wyeth, i. 290 M. Wyght, i. 188 Wykeham, or Wickham, Wuliam of, Bishop of Winchester, i. 10, 11, 14 m., 27 re., 28 »., 37 m., 38 m., 41, 42, 43 re., 44 »., 45, 46, 47, 50, 51 «., 62 m., 67, 68, 75 »., 80, 84, 89, 92, 97, 99, 101 m., 102, 107, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 139, 141 »., 143, 144, 146, 148, 149, 152, 155 M., 157, 165 m., 178, 179, 180, 181 m., 182, 183, 184, 185, 186 «., 189, 191, 192 »., 193, 194, 195 M., 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 209 re., 217 »., 222, 228 M., 232 m., 233, 234, 238, 241, 243, 244 m., 290 »., 292 re., 334, 337, 346, 362, 363, 364, 379 ; h. 52 re., 74 »., 187 »., 255, 257, 273, 337 «. ; hi. 69, 70, 72, 73, 77, 122, 183, 262, 263, 316, 329, 335 Wylde, h. 45 WyUynghaU, i. 188 Wylughby, U. 253 Wymarke, a. 170 re. Wyndham, Windeham, or Windham, i. 191, 320; h. 96, 96 »., 98, 99, 99 m., 121 re., 263 m., 325, 326, 326 m., 336 m.; ui. 136, 290,290 m. Wynegod, ui. 284 Wynnam, ih. 217 Wynnesbery, ix. 129 re. Wyredrawer, ix. 350 re. Wyte, see also White, ii. 317 m. ; hi. 6 Wytegod, h. 247 m. Yulden, i. 257 ; h. 37, 96 m., 291 m. Yarborough, Sup. 64, 64 m. Yarranton, i. 4 m. ; ix. 213 m. ; iii. 133 Yates, i. 290 re. ; a. 92 m. Yea, i. 147. Yearwood, u. 321, 322 Yfould, ia. 286 Ymma .Mfgiva, i. 316 Ynge, Arcbishop, i. 207 Yonge, hi. 277 m. York, Duke of, ix. 333 ; hi. 56, 89 m. York, House of, a. 263, 266 ; ui. 219 Young, Dean of Winchester, i. 57 n., 77, 131, 208, 235, 236 »., 237 m., 241, 320; h. 77, 78, 96, 98; hi. 338; Sup. 13 Yve, or De Yves, ii. 226; hi. 143, 210 re. Zouche, or Zouch, i. 208 ; ui. 245 n., 263, 294, 294 n., 295 27 INDEX OF PLACES. Abbot's Ann, hi. 161, 180—182 Abbot's Stoneham, h. 107 Abbotston, h. 38—40 Abbot's Worthy, ix. 67, 68 AUington, ix. 121, 129 Alresford, Old, U. 32—35 : New, u. 24—32 Alton, ui. 308—314 Alverstoke, ai. 350—352 Amfield, i. 323 Amport, hi. 182, 183 AmpreyB, hi. 45 Andewell, hi. 283, 284 Andover, ih. 160—180 Anstrey, or Austrey, Wood, i. 413 Appleshaw, hi. 183 Arreton, Sup. 12, 13, 27, 28, 59, 60 Avmgton, ii. 40 — 48 Avon, ui. 99, 100 Baddesley, North, i. 411, 412: South, ih. 58—63 Barnes, Sup. 18, 19 Barton Peverel, a, 121, 129 Barton Wood, Sup. 19 Basing, ih. 239—259 Basingstoke, hi. 208—238 Battramsley, hi. 41 Beauheu, hi. 75 — 88 Beaurepahe, hi. 259—262 Beaworth, ri. 14 Berklygh, hi. 283 Binstead, Sup. 76 Bishop's Stoneham, ix. 106, 107 Bishopstoke, ii. 101—103 Bistern, ai. 139, 140 Bittern, a. 147—153, 155—158 Black Gang Chine, Sup. 78, 79 Biashford, hi. 149 Bockhampton, hi. 102 Bolderwood, hi. 40 Boldre, hi. 43—45, 89 Bonchurch, Sup. 19, 68—70 Boviat or Boyatt, h. 94, 95 Bowcombe, Sup. 14, 22, 29—31 Brading, Sup. 72, 73 Brambridge, h. 85, 86 Bramiey, hi. 268, 269 Bramshaw, hi. 39, 40 BramshUl, hi. 293—296 Brixton, Sup. 18, 19, 22, 7S Brockenhurst, ih. 41—43, 88, 89 Brookley, hi. 41, 42 Bupkland, ih. 45, 46 Bucklershard, ih. 88 Buriton, iii. 322 Burley, hi. 40, 41 Bursledon, hi. 70, 71 Cadland, hi. 73 Calbourne, Sup. 81 Calshot, ih. 66—68 Canterton, hi. 39 28 Carisbrooke, Sup. 12, 13, 19—21, 26, 48—57 .- Castle HUl, Sup. 12 Centurion' s Copse, near Brading, Sup. 22 Chale, Sup. 78 Chandler's Ford, U. 99, 100 Cheriton, ix. 10—14 ChesseU, Sup. 27, 28 ChUcomb, u. 2—9 Chilworth, i. 410, 411 Christchurch, ih. 102—136 Clatterford, Sup. 22 Combley, Sup. 22 Compton Monceux, h. 74, 75 Compton, near Winchester, h. 75, 76 Cowes, see East Cowes and West Cowes. Cranbury, ix. 95 — 99 Cuffnalls, iii. 97 Dibden, ai. 73, 74 Dodpits, Sup. 24 Durley, ih. 10 East Cowes, iii. 68 ; Sup. 63 Eastley, ix. 103—105, 121 Easton, h. 48—53 East Sherborne, ix. 62 Eling, i. 403, 404 ; hi. 5—9 Ellingham, hi. 150 — 153 Elmfield, Sup. 23 Enham, King's, hi. 185 Enham, Knight's, hi. 185, 186 Eversley, ih. 296, 297 Farley Chamberlayne, i. 417, 418 Fawley, hi. 72, 73 Fifield, hi. 186 Finkiey, ih. 191, 192 Foxcott, ih. 168, 186, 187 Freshwater, Sup. 13, 80 Gallibury, Sup. 10, 11 Gatcombe, Sup. 57 — 59 GodshiU, Sup. 64 Gosport, hi. 350—354 Great Testwood, i. 404, 405, 406 Gurnard, Sup. 6, 7, 9, 23, 24 Hamble, hi. 68—70 Hampnage, ii. 10 Hampshire Stokes, h. 100, 101 Hantslrire, Sup. 82 Harbridge, ih. 159 Hartley WestpaU, hi. 280 Hartley 'Wintney, iu. 298 Haslar, iu. 352 Hazely Heath, hi. 297 Headbourne Worthy, ix. 69 — 71 Heron Court, ih. 137 High Cliff, ih. 95 Holbury, ih. 73 Hook, iii. 292 Hordle, ih. 92—94 Hound, h. 264 Hurn, hi. 97 Hursley, i. 318—323 Hurst, hi. 64, 65 Hyde Abbey School h. 36 Hyde, ai. 159 Hyde, Isle of Wight, Sup. 24 Hythe, ai. 74 Ibsley, ih. 158, 159 Isle of Wight, Sup. 1—82 Itchen Abbas, h. 53 — 55 Itchen Stoke, ii. 37, 38 Ives, ui. 141 Keyhaven, ih. 92 Kilmiston, ii. 14, 15 Kimpton, h. 74 King's Worthy, u. 61—67 Knapp, hi. 97 Langley, hi. 11 Lee, i. 413, 414, 416 Little Testwood, i. 404 Longwood, h. 91, 92 LuttreU's FoUy, hi. 66 Lymerston, Sup. 79 Lymington, ui. 47 — 57 Lyndhurst, hi. 11 — 15 Malwood Castle, hi. 35 Mansbridge, u. 122, 123, 124 Mapelderham, hi. 321, 322 MaplederweU, hi. 284 — 287 Marchwood, hi. 10 Martyr's Worthy, ii. 60, 61 Marwell, ix. 88, 89, 90, 91 MUford, hi. 46, 91, 92 MiUbrook, i. 388, 407 ; hi. 1, 2 ! MUton, ih. 95 Minstead, hi. 33, 34 Monk's Sherborne, ui. 265, 266 Moorcourt, i. 372, 414 Morestead, ii. 8 Morton, Sup. 24 Mottistone, Sup. 12 Mountfield, Sup. 19 Mountjoy HUl, Sup. 13, 48 Moyle's Court, iii. 153, 154, 156, 157 Mudiford, ai. 96 Murrel, ih. 292, 293 Natley Scures, hi. 287 — 292 Netley, ii. 364—374 New Alresford, ix. 24 — 32 Newbarns, Sup. 11, 12 New Forest, ih. 1—88, 89, 90, 91 Newnham, hi. 281, 282, 292 Newport, Sup. 13, 14, 16—19, 21 »., 22, 25, 27, 28—48 Niton, Sup. 67 Northam, ii. 251, 252 North Baddesley, i. 411, 41