The
FIRST ^ CHIEF
GROUNDES of
ARCHITEC TURE

BY

JOHN SHUTE,
Paynter a/z;/ Archytecte

First published in
1563

MCMXII

' YALE N
CENTER

rBritisI?
. Art .'

THE FIRST AND CHIEF
GROUNDES of
ARCHITECTURE

This Edition is Itmited
to One Thousand Copies
of which this is
No. f^^ 

THE FIRST & CHIEF GROUNDES
OF ARCHITECTURE BY
JOHN SHUTE, PAYNTER AND
ARCHYTECTE FIRST PRINTED
IN 1563

A FACSIMILE OF THE FIRST
EDITION WITH AN INTRO
DUCTION BY LAWRENCE
WEAVER, F.S.A., Hon. A.R.I.B.A.

PUBLISHED BY "COUNTRY LIFE" LIMITED
20, TAVISTOCK STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON .... MCMXII.

Shutes Architecture.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Introduction. 'Pages.
/. John Shute and His Book - j — 15
//. Thomas 3VIarshe, the Printer - 16
///. A Bibliographical Description - - 17 — 19
IV. A S^te on the Facsimile Reprint - - 20
V. S^tes and References - - - 21 — 22
Facsimile of the First Edition 0/^1563 - - 23 — 80

Editors Introduction.

I.— JOHN SHUTE AND HIS BOOK.
JOHN SHUTE describes himself on the title-page of his book as " paynter
and archytecte." His claim to architectural fame rests solely on his
authorship of the first English book on architecture, but that is claim
enough. He says of his own work that it is a more ample discourse than
hitherto hath been set out by any other. This may be read to mean that some
previous book in English had appeared, but none such is known, and doubtless
he had in mind the work of foreign authors. Of his forbears and of the date of
his birth nothing is known. He is said to have been born at CuUompton,
Devon^, but verification of this statement is lacking. Shute is described as
Painter -stain er in his epitaph, and it is practically certain that he belonged to
the Worshipful Company of Painter Stainers. Unfortunately the records of the
membership of that Company ^ do not go back earlier than 1623. The parish
registers of St. Edmund, King and Martyr, Lombard Street, where he was buried,
yield no information of John Shute or of anyone of the name. Few facts about
his career can be gathered save what he sets down. We learn that he was
" servant unto the Right Honourable Duke of Northumberland in 1550."
His patron sent him to Italy and there maintained him " to confer with the
doinges of the skilful maisters in architectur, and also to view such ancient
Monumentes hereof as are yet extant." Probably he was abroad for two or
three years in those days of leisurely travel.
The actual date of his Italian visit is not known, but in 1550 he had a house
in London, An extant deed^ not hitherto quoted gives us this knowledge. On
December 6th, 1550, John Dodmore granted a lease to Nicholas Chowne of a
' ' bierbrewhouse and seller late of Sir Raulf e Dodmore ... in Grauntham Lane,
in the parish of 'All Hallowes the more,' abutting on the 'newe house of John
Shute paynter ' on the north and the Thames on the south, . . . with a
' seller under the halle of the greate tenement . . . now in the tenure of
the said John Shute.' " Though this man may not have been our author, it is not
likely there were two John Shutes painters. The reference to the " newe house "
suggests that John Shute had been exercising himself in the art about which he
was to write. It is possible that in 1550 he came back from Italy and settled
down in this house to professional practice as painter and architect. The
description in the lease and other evidence* enable its position to be determined
with accuracy. Its site, on the south side of Upper Thames Street, is now covered
by the Dowgate Dock and City warehouses belonging to Messrs. Spicer Brothers,
Limited, at the bottom of Brewer's Lane, formerly called Grantham's Lane. It
is of interest to observe that Shute's home was very near the Hall of the Painter-
Stainers' Company (see Note 2, p. 21).
When Shute returned with his portfolios full of drawings (" tricks and
devices " as he calls them), not only of sculpture and painting, but also of

^ Shute s Architecture : Introduction.
architecture, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, showed them to Edward VI.
On the death of the King in July, 1553, the Duke proclaimed Lady Jane Grey
Queen. The conspiracy against Queen Mary failed, and in August the Duke was
executed for high treason. It was doubtless due to the loss of his powerful
patron that Shute did not publish his book until 1563, when he dedicated it to
Queen Ehzabeth. In the same year he died.^ He was buried in the Church of
Saint Edmund, Lombard Street, and a 'handsome small Monument "was set
up to his memory on the north side of the chancel. It disappeared at the
destruction of the church in the Fire of London, but, happily, the epitaph
had been transcribed^ as follows :
This Monument declares
that here the corps doe lye
Of him that sought in Science sight
to publish prudently,
{Among the rest of things,
the which he put in ure)''
That ancient practice and profound,
that height of Architecture.
A Knowledge meet for those
that buildings doe erect.
As by his Workes, at large set forth,
is shewne the full effect.
All for the love he bare
to this his native Land :
Yet though he dyed, his deeds doe live,
and Fame in them doth stand
Who likes therefore to winne
such fame as he hath wonne :
Let them take care for Common-weale
as her Iohn Shute hath done :
Whose sotile we hope to be
in faithfull Abraham's brest
With Gods elect and chosen flocke
for ever there io rest
Wisedome and Science
above each other thing
Are vertues from the which
all Fame doth spring.
John Shute, Painter-stainer,
dyed the 25 of September,
Anno Domini 1563.
This is poor as poetry and not as informing as we could wish. The reference to
" workes, at large set forth " is tantalising. Only one work is known—
the book now reprinted. The epitaph does not say whether he designed
any buildings, and the presumption is that he did not, for its claim for

On the Functions of an Architect.

him is that " he sought to pubhsh prudently." Moreover, he is described
at the foot as painter-stainer only, not as " paynter and archytecte."
Wyatt Papworth^ laments that his book gives no references to contemporary
English buildings or architects, and does nothing to clear up such
mysteries as the work and personality of John of Padua. It may also be
regretted that Shute had not the pen of a Cellini or a Vasari, otherwise we might
have had some brilliant sidelights on the sixteenth century architects whom
he must have met in Italy. What did Shute probably see there in 1550 ?
Vignola, who had made a close study of the Roman antiquities in 1537, was
building the Vigna Juha outside the Porta dell Popolo at Rome. Caprarola,
begun in 1547, would be on Shute's road there. Michelangelo was at
work on St. Peter's, and had started the side palaces of the Capitol in 1542.
Palladio's visit to Rome was in 1546, and he had begun his masterpiece, the
Basilica of Vicenza, in 1549. Benvenuto Cellini, on his return from the Court
of Francis the First, had been at work in Florence since 1545. Shute therefore
had opportunities of contact with the originators of the last phase of the
Renaissance in Italy, and the enumeration of these men and their works brings
home to us the hundred years' interval between England and Italy in the days
of Elizabeth. We turn to the book itself with the certainty that the " loving
and freindly readers " will be fascinated by Shute's phrases. The
" chief e groundes " will be entered with delight by all those who appreciate
stately and ordered language enshrining many artistic and literary
fancies. Few things are more remarkable than the contrast between this treatise of
1563 and that of Palladio, published at Venice in 1570. Shute's first paragraph
on the Tuscan Order dealing with pedestals serves as an example. " Ye shall
make a foure square stone like unto a dye, the quantity of the square as great
as ye wil, according to your purpose." This extract from the whole passage
has the quality of the Jacobean version of the Mosaic books. Compare with it
the technical brevity of Palladio : " The pedestals placed under the column of
this Order are to be made plain and one module in height " (Ware's translation).
The " Quadratum Perf actum " duly inscribed in Shute's plate of the Order is
not to be found in that of Palladio.
It is not difficult to imagine that the book was an immediate success, for the
cultivated classes were agog to gather up any crumbs of the new learning and
new taste that were so firmly establishing themselves in England. Their idea
of an architect hitherto covered the functions of a master-builder, but Shute
made haste in his preface to magnify his office. " Surely suche is the amplitude
and largnes (I may well say perfection) of this facultie, that without sum
acquaintaunce with many other artes ye shall not enter into the depe secretes ;
for it hath a natural societie and as it were by a sertaine kinred and affinitie is
knit unto all the Mathematicalles, which sciences and knowledges are frendes,
and a maintayner of divers rationall artes." Our author goes on to affirm that
none of the crafts, such as masonry, embroidery and carving, can obtain any
worthy praise at all without a right understanding of the general sciences and
arts. It amounts to a claim for unity in design, and a scientific and learned

10 Shutes Architecture : Introduction.
basis for it, instead of the comparatively haphazard comradeship of craftsmen
which was the mainspring of the elder building traditions of England.
After the preface there follows a Discourse on the beginnings of Architecture.
Shute loses no time in getting to the " first enteraunce into the writing of
this arte," as not only he and his contemporaries, but succeeding generations of
architects for about two hundred and fifty years understood it — " the fine antique
pillers." He sets down the enchanting old stories as to the origins of the Orders,
on which it would be rascally to pour the cold streams of a higher criticism.
Dorus is the legendary architect who took the length of his foot as one-sixth of
his height, and so measured all parts of the pillar. These proportions were first
used in the Temple of Apollo, and thus was born the Doric Order. Then was
begun the Temple of Diana, for which they devised another symmetry, and
fashioned the column " after the juste measure of a woman . . . adding
in the steade of her shoowe (shoe) that which Vitruvius nameth spira (le., the
base), and in the capitel was set Voluta, in the steade of her heare (hair)."
It is, however, when the Corinthian Order is reached that there enters
into the narrative an element of romance as tender as it is engaging.
After that [i.e., the invention of the Ionic order) in the Citie of Corinthe was
buried a certaine maiden after whose burial her nourishe (who lamented much
her death) knowing her delightes to have bene in pretye cuppes and suche like
conceytes in her lifetime, with many other proper thinges appertayninge onely
to the pleasure of the eye, toke them and brake them, and put them into a littell
preatie baskette, and did sette the basket on her grave, and covered the basket
with a square pavinge stone. That done, with weping teares she sayde Let
Pleasure go wyth pleasure, and so the nourishe (nurse) departed. It chaunced
that the basket was set upon a certain roote of an herbe called Acanthus, in frenche
Branckursine, or bearefote with us, now in the spring time of the yere, when every
roote spreadeth fourth his leaves, in the encreasing they did ronne up by the sides
of the basket, untill they coulde ryse no higher for the stone, that covered the
basket, whiche being square and castinge his foure corners over the sydes of the
rounde basket constrained the braunches of the herbe to draw downwardes againe
with a sertaine compasse, and so grew to the fashion that Vitruvius, calleth
Voluta. ... In this cytie one Calimachus, an excellent Architectur, passyng
or goinge thereby, regardinge the beawtifuU worke of nature, ... he
set the Capitell, the which he hadde sene upon the tombe of the mayden,
the whiche garnished beatifuUy the whole pillor . . . and named it
Corinthia. . . ."
We scarcely know whether to be most grateful to the maiden whom the
legend has sacrificed to make the richest of the Greek Orders, or to the nurse,
or to Calimachus.
After this survey of the mythology of architecture, Shute proceeds to describe
" What the Office or Duetie is of him that wyll be a Perfecte Architecte or Mayster
of buyldings." If all the perfections demanded were essential, there are few
who would venture on so exacting a profession. It is well to note the stress
laid by Shute on the literary side of the architect's education and the reliance to
be placed on books. He does not send the student to the buildings themselves
or exhort him to study the practical traditions which make a man, in his own

The J\Iythology of Architecture. ^ ^
phrase, a " mayster of buyldings." He falls back on Vitruvius, and quotes him
thus : "An architect must be sharpe of understandinge and both quicke and
apte to conceive the trewe Instructions and meaninges of them that have written
thereof." Then follows a catalogue of accomplishments which recalls the song
composed by Pepys " in praise of a liberal genius to all studies and pleasures."
Grammar comes first, then drawing, geometry and optics. " In Arithmeticke
he must be very parfact, and in histories singulerly well scene ... he must
have a good sighte in Musycke ... in Philosophic very experte." To
insist that our architects shall be tuneful philosophers seems a thought unreason
able ; but of " Phisicke " (or, as we should say, natural science) we may well
claim that they shall have " some knowlaige." From these abstract questions
Shute passes to practical advice about the aspects of houses, with which the
modern need not agree. The terror of south winds was natural enough in some
parts of Italy ; but in England at least they are not found "grevous and con
tagious and also great wasters of all kinde of buildinges." It is this kind of
thoughtless acceptance of foreign ways which reduced the value of the
writings of Shute's generation.
When we turn to his treatises on the Orders we see that the great service
that Shute did to Renaissance architecture in England was to show his
contemporaries the way to Italian examples. His book is based chiefly on
Vitruvius, Serlio and Philander,^ and lacks the individual outlook on the art
that we find in Philibert de I'Orme.^^
John Shute revels in his hardly-acquired glossary. " Limbus sive Apophygis "
is as much joy to him as are the niceties of language insisted upon by the
pedants in Shakespeare's plays. Shute closes his description of each Order with
a repetition of terms as stately as a Homeric catalogue of ships or leaders. We
feel it was to him as " the rolhng of ohves under the tongue." This attitude of
mind is accompanied by a Spenserian love of personification. The five Orders
appealed to him like five characters in a masque. In his descriptions, as in his
plates, they are poetic and pictorial conceptions much more than sculptural
or architectural elements. The same symbohsm appears in his proportions. It
seems evident that he wanted to seek out and set in order a sequence of 6, 7,
8, 9, 10. In order to obtain it he departed from the canon of 7, 8, 9 and 10
repeated twice. It is true that Serlio gives 6 diameters for the Tuscan, but
Vitruvius, Vignola and Palladio all give 7. For the Doric 7 diameters would
be very exceptional, and 8 and 9 are used. The Ionic is from 9 to 10, and
Corinthian and Composite are always 10. Further, in cases where special height,
tending to elegance of the Robert Adam type, is desired, 10 to 11, approaching
even to 12 in pilasters, have been attempted.
Points like this give rise to speculations as to John Shute's actual acquaint
ance with building work ; but we may first consider whether this book
of 1563 — " the first frutes of my poore attemptes " — is not a part only
of a more ambitious scheme on lines like Vitruvius or Alberti's ten Books of
Architecture, pubhshed in 1500, or the five books of Sebastian Serho. It will
be noticed, for instance, in the paragraph dealing with the use of the three Orders
superposed that Shute says : "As it is yet to be sene in the Amphitiatrum named
CoUosseum in Rome whose excellent and praiseworthy doing shall be more plainly

1 2 Shute s Architecture : Introduction.
set fourth hereafter." This, however, is almost the last page, and nothing further
is given to fulfil his promise. It would account very well for the limited scope of
the work if it is regarded as part only of an intended magnum opus.
There are passages which serve to show that Shute had made genuine
observations of buildings in Italy. He brings to his subject some independent
thought, as in his passage on the diminution of Orders upwards. He clearly
felt that the expression of character in a building was as necessary as
the Orders themselves, although he sets out to illustrate them as the first
and chief grounds of architecture. He would like a building to be Doric,
Ionic or Corinthian in character rather than to be an exhibition of all the Orders.
When adding a special plinth, like the moulded riser of a step, under the
complete pedestals of the Ionic and Corinthian he justifies himself as follows :
" Thoughe this pillor and al other pillors if it were so that they had double
plinthus, it should not be without good cause, for the antiques have made three
plinthus, one above another, the occasion whereof is this, that the earthe should
not overgrowe the base of the Pedestale, and so hyde the chief thinge whereupon
do reste the whole ordenaunces yea and in many other places, they are necessary
the which al Architectes, and masters of buildinges ought to knowe, and many moo
of those and such other ought to be knowen of them of necessitie." Necessity
here stands for the practical point of view. Again, differing from Serlio on the
projection of the Doric capital, he says : " Nevertheles I have sene in some
places in Italic ... it should be therefore the more comely. . . . But
yet of these two wayes let us take the moste faire." Sidelights of this character
make his book notably readable in spite of his rules and measures, and his
love of the far-fetched in nomenclature. Much as he claims to have noted
for himself in Italy, a comparison of his Orders with those of Serlio's work
of 1551 demonstrates that he had always that comprehensive treatise before
him. Two special features, the peculiar capping moulding of the Doric
pedestal and the corbel-like consoles in the Composite entablature, neither
of which appear in Vignola or Palladio, can be traced back to Serlio's diagrams.
A reference to the Frontinus Vitruvius of 1523 and the Philander " De Architec-
tura Annotationes," of 1557 (Venice) shows that though referred to in Shute's
as authorities, neither of these works in Latin did, as compared with Serlio, more
for him, probably, than to supply some of those terms with which he loved to
adorn his page.
Shute has the delight of a painter in carving and of a sculptor in figure work,
and a fine disregard for considerations of scale. Into the frieze of the Corinthian
Order he has crowded a battle scene with cavalry and infantry, gloriously
neglectful of its feasibility. A similar disregard of scales and proportions, as
architects use them, occurs in his pedestals under the Caryatides. The latter
figures are purely pictorial. To contrast them with the noble women of the
Caryatides of the Erectheum or with those by Jean Goujon in the Louvre is to
take a lesson in the sculptor's art when seen in combination with architecture.
It is a curious point that Shute seems to take the square column, used in
loggias, angles of porticos and the like places, in conjunction with round pillars,
to be a separate Order. Evidently he had little idea of the subject of "in
antis," which is an architectural chapter by itself.

Shutes Influence and Sources of Knowledge. ^3

It is important to notice that Shute is a witness to the essentially direct
influence of Italy on England. " As for practise and experience of these thinges
whiche I teache, I assure the moste gentle reader and all other that shalbe readers
of this my littel worke that I have put no title in any part thereof cocerning ye
proportion and simetry to use the accustomed terme of the arte of the fornamed
columbes whiche I have not as well seene and measured in Italic, from whence they
cam first unto us amongest the Antique woorkes as read and studied in England
in the Autentique writers, that I might with so muche more perfection write of
them as both the reading of the thinge and seinge it in dede is more than onely
bare reding of it."
As evidence of such study, the cornice to the entablature of the Corinthian
Order in its fully-carved profile looks like a genuine observation of an actual
late Roman example. In the same way, in Shute's remarks on flutings, he seems
actually to have counted and noted the section of some that he describes.
It must be observed, however, that Serlio gives a drawing of these very flutes
from the Pantheon. Shute's pedestal with two coffer-like panels seems to be a
personal touch.
The First and Chief Groundes is precisely the book to be expected from the hand
of a painter who had travelled and had interested himself in architecture. It does
not bear that clear evidence of first-hand acquaintance with the facts of building
which is revealed on every page of de I'Orme. None the less, Shute is entitled to
the reverence due to the pioneer, and there is every reason to believe that his
book had a marked effect on the development of design in the latter part of the
sixteenth century. Mr. R. Phene Spiers has borne witness^^ to the large influence
on English architecture of Shute's book. He has observed in his examination of
many buildings of the last half of the sixteenth century details borrowed directly
from it. In one point, however, it is difficult to follow Mr. Spiers. He says,
"Longleat House seems to have been taken very largely from it in detail. For
instance, in Shute's Doric Order the mouldings of the pedestal would seem to
be his own conception, as I have not been able to trace any resemblance to them
in Roman or Italian works. I have seen in England many instances where that
moulding is copied, which shows it [i.e., Shute's Doric Order) must have been the
model on which those buildings were erected."
It is the fact, however, that the mouldings of Shute's Doric Order appeared
first in Serlio. While it is perfectly conceivable that Shute's book may have
been in the hands of the designer of Longleat, it cannot be taken literally that
the Orders are directly transcribed from Shute, or even from Serlio. The purity
of the detail of Longleat is very remarkable when its early date is considered,
but it is not necessary to assume that it was the work of an Italian architect,
who — to take one point alone — would hardly have failed to diminish the pilasters.
None of the three Orders at Longleat is so treated, as has been carefully and
expressly ascertained for the purpose of these notes. There is also a free element
of variation where the spacing of pilasters is made wider to take muUioned
windows of four lights, instead of the three lights used elsewhere in the building.
The pedestals of the Orders have obviously been regulated to suit glass lines,
and the top Corinthian Order is frankly cut down to accord with English ideas
of heights fitting for bedrooms in our chmate. A few grotesque touches have

14 Shute s Architecture : Introduction.

crept into the carvings on the upper pedestals, etc. It is notable that in the case
of the Doric Order there is a large projecting panel of stone, which looks rather like
masonry left for future carving, such as the armour that Shute gives in his plate.
It is in the Doric Order at Longleat that the greatest hkeness to Shute exists.
There is the cap moulding already referred to ; also the base moulding below
is of about the same section. The entablature is the plain one shown on his plate,
but with the decorated capital ; there are rosettes, however, in the necking which
are not shown by Shute. There is a technical point in the clumsy management
of the capping mouldings over the triglyphs ; these are very obscurely expressed
in the plate, which might very well lead to confusion in the work, such as is
seen in this actual instance. In the Ionic Order the plain entablature section
is followed, but the cap has a necking, and there are no flutes. The pedestal
base moulds are simpler. The Ionic is the really dominant Order, as the
greater height of the Doric is mainly in the pedestal, which, however, is
discounted by being the basement of the building.
In the Corinthian Order the plain entablature may be said to be followed
if a reasonable interpretation of Shute's bed mould is assumed. The Longleat
Corinthian capital is rather poorly done. The best executed carving is in the
lower Orders, where eggs and tongues and beads are very well rendered. The
sizes, taken as accurately as is possible without a scaffold, show that the Longleat
Orders do not accord very accurately with the system of Shute, though there are
coincidences, as the curious enquirer may work out for himself from the main
dimensions given in the notes. ^^
It is safe to conclude that, while the architect of Longleat may have had
Shute's or Serlio's book as a reference, he was a man who took his own line, and
was no slavish adherent of precedent. His design is a singularly fine rendering
of Italian and English ideas, and quite the best of the numerous attempts of its
age to weld new and old into a harmonious combination.
Professor Reginald Blomfield, A.R.A., when writing of Longleat,^^ thought
it probable that " it was the work of an Englishman who had travelled in Italy,
such, for instance, as John Shute." This does not take into account, however,
that Shute died in 1563, and that Longleat, as it stands to-day, was not begun
until 1567.1* Though no building can be traced to Shute's design, it is fair to
emphasise his own claim which appears in his dedication to Queen Elizabeth :
" I do foUowe not onelye the writinges of learned men, but also do ground
myselfe on my owne experience and practise, gathered by the sight of the
Monumentes in Italie."
Papworth notes how far Shute was in advance of the ideas shown in the
volume of drawings made by John Thorpe. It needed something more than a
book, however, to bring the full tide of the Renaissance to English shores. It
is true that Inigo Jones came back from his second journey to Italy with a copy
of Palladio's work in his pocket ; but it is to the genius of Jones, and not to
Palladio's book, that we owe the Banqueting Hall of Whitehall Palace. The
writer on matters artistic may stimulate, but it is the creative artist who counts
in the long last.
In the field of personal artistic achievement Shute appears as a painter.
Haydocke.i^ when treating of limning and of the mixture of gums with

Shute as Pain,ter and Sngra'ver. ^5

colours, says, " This was much used in former times in Church bookes (as
is well knowne) as also in drawing by the life in small models, dealt in also of
late years by some of our Country-men as Shoote, Bettes &c, but brought to
the rare perfection we now see by the most ingenious painefull & skilful! Master
Nicholas Hilliard. ..." This estabhshes Shute as an eminent miniaturist.
Horace Walpole^^ quotes Haydocke as above, but adds nothing to our know
ledge of Shute. He contrived, however, to fall into the blunder of confusing
John Shute the architect with John Shute the translator. The latter was living
as late as 1573, and concerned himself with books of travel and theology. Mr.
Lionel Cust^'' writes that " although Shute was one of the earliest native artists,
and held in esteem by his contemporaries, no work of his can be authenticated."
He states that Shute was flourishing between 1550 and 1570, unmindful of his
epitaph dated 1563.
Dr. George C. Williamson, writing as lately as 1904,^^ said that nothing was
known of Shute's work in miniatures. Sir Sidney Colvin in his work on engraving,i^
published in 1905, says that some miniatures bearing I.S. in monogram have
been attributed to Shute with good reason. In 1906 Dr. Williamson identified
him with two examples. ^'^ One of them portrays Dofia Maria, Infanta of Portugal.
She stayed more than once in Paris, and Shute is likely to have passed through
France on his Itahan visit. Dr. WiUiamson also attributes to Shute a miniature
of Edward VI., now in the possession of Earl Beauchamp. So much for Shute
as painter. It seems reasonable to assume that he might have added to the list of
his qualifications that of engraver. The first four plates of the Orders in his
book were engraved on copper. Sir Sidney Colvin notes of them that they are
not slavishly copied from the cuts in any foreign edition of Vitruvius or Serlio.
He thinks it hkely that Shute designed his own plates, "which are amateurishly
enough cut or scratched upon the copper, not without feeling or character but
with very little technical skill." The introduction of the personified figures is a
touch personal to Shute, and there are other enrichments already noted which
are not found in Serlio.
The first print from a copper plate published in England was issued in 1540,
and engraved by a foreigner. Geminus, who pirated the plates of Vesalius, was
a Fleming. If Shute engraved his own plates, a theory not improbable as the
results are amateurish, he may have been the first Englishman to work in this
medium. In his epitaph occurs the phrase, "Among the rest of things, the which
he put in ure." Engraving on copper may well have been one of them.
For valuable suggestions and help in writing the foregoing I am greatly
indebted to my friend Mr. Arthur T. Bolton, F.R.I.B.A., whose great learning
in all that concerns the history of architecture is so well known as to need no
praise from me.

1 6 Shute s Architecture : Introdttction.

II.— THOMAS MARSHE, THE PRINTER.
ALTHOUGH the greater part of our admiration is due to the author of the first
English book on architecture, it is fitting also to make some reference to the
printer. Thomas Marshe was one of the original members of the Stationers'
Company, and his name appears in the list of the Brotherhood dated 1555. He
had begun printing in 1554 with A ryghte excellente treatise of Astronomic. His
subscriptions to various funds raised for the purposes of the Company show him
to have been richer than most of his brother craftsmen. ^^ In 1558 it seems that
he defied some rule of the Company, for he was fined for disobedience the sum of
forty shiUings — a large amount in those days. Herbert says he was notable for
disorderly behaviour. The registers of the Company begin in the year 1557-58,
and he was the fourth in order to receive a licence for printing, the work being
Rules and Ryghte ample Documentes Towchynge the use and practise of ye Commen
almanacke which ys caled ephemerydes. During the year 1561-62 Marshe was taken
into the livery of the Company, and paid his fee of fifteen shillings. In 1561 he
received a licence for printing the Storye of Italy. Shute's book was therefore
not his first connection with an Itahan subject. In the register for the year which
ran from July 22nd, 1562, to July 22nd, 1563, the following important entry
appears : " Recevyd of Thomas marshe for his lycense for pryntinge of a boke
intituled the fyrste and cheffe groundes of the Archetectura for paynting or buylding
vjd." It is worth noting that the title of the book is given incorrectly.
Special attention may be drawn to the fine Venetian design of the title-page,
which Marshe used for Shute's book. It bears in the bottom block an
elaborate monogram. This is the mark of Cawood, a printer contemporary
with Marshe. It seems that he must have lent Marshe the blocks for the
title. Marshe became Junior Collector of the Stationers' Company in 1567,
Renter in 1568, Under Warden in 1575 and Upper Warden in 1591.^'^ He never
reached the Master's chair. In 1577 a petition was presented by various printers
complaining of the privfleges which had been granted to favoured members of the
craft. Among the objections raised was that " Thomas Marshe hathe a great
licence for latten bookes ttsed in the Gramer Scholes of England." Marshe continued
printing up to 1587, and among his books were several on subjects akin to that
which occupied Shute. ^3 In 1591 Thomas Orwin had " granted unto him, by
the consent of Edw. Marshe those copies which did belong to Tho. Marshe
deceased." The list that follows 2* this entry gives ninety-four works, and
among them appears Arcetecture, in folio — doubtless Shute's work. This
seems to show that though the title-page says " Pubhshed by John Shute,"
Marshe was the publisher in the modern sense of the word. In any case he held
the stock of unsold copies.

Shute s Architecture : Introduction. ^7

III.— A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION.
ONLY five copies of the First and Chief Groundes of Architecture are known to
exist. All of them are of the first edition of 1563.
The first and best-known copy was purchased from a bookseller by
Wyatt Papworth in May, 1879. He paid five pounds for it, and transferred
it to the Royal Institute of British Architects at the same price. ^^ It
had then recently been bound by Riviere. The size of the letterpress page
is ten and seven-eighths inches high and seven and three-quarter inches wide ;
the plates, being thirteen and three-quarter by nine and a-quarter inches, are
folded. Comparison of this copy with the others shows that it has been con
siderably cut down, but in other respects its condition is perfect. Owing to the
thinness of the paper, the type has printed through rather markedly. The book
is printed "in fours," with the sheets lettered A to F2. Folio I. is Bi, but the first
printed folio number is folio v., i.e., Ci. Folio iiii. has been added by hand. The
large plates of the Orders are particularly interesting. Four of them are engraved
on copper, and printed in brown ink. They are placed as follow : Tuscan
facing B4, Doric facing C2, Ionic facing C4 and Corinthian facing D3. The
plate with the Composite Order is printed from a wood block on the verso of Ei
and facing E2.
The second copy is at the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The letterpress
pages do not seem to have been cut in any way. They measure thirteen
inches in height and eight and three-quarter inches in width. The condition
f)f the copy is less satisfactory than that of the R.I.B.A. copy, and
some of the edges are considerably frayed. The blank page, A4, has been
removed. The plates have been cut down in all cases by the removal of the
titles at the foot, so that they could be bound into the book without folds.
As their width is greater than that of the letterpress pages, about three-
quarters of an inch of each plate has been pasted to the margin of the
opposite page. Halfway down the right-hand margin of the title-page is
affixed Horace Walpole's small book-plate. The book was acquired at the
Strawberry Hill sale for five pounds. ^^ The most notable feature of the
Bodleian copy is that the title-page, the large plates of the Orders
and the small woodcuts in the text have all been coloured by hand. The
tints employed are various, but they are somewhat crude, and not very
appropriate. In the case of the Tuscan Order the flesh of the figure is
in natural hues, and the column in green. The title-page is coloured in green,
brown and dark blue. There is no reason to doubt that this work was
contemporary, and may have been done by Shute himself to add to the beauty
of a presentation copy for some important personage. In the Bodleian copy
the placing of the plates differs slightly from the R.I.B.A. copy. The Tuscan
plate faces the verso of B4 ; the Doric plate, the verso of C2 ; the Ionic plate the

1 8 Shutes Architecture : Introduction.
verso of C4. The Corinthian plate is in the same place. The plate of the Com
posite Order is puzzling. As in the R.I.B.A. copy, it is printed on the verso of
page Ei, and this print is uncoloured. Pasted over it, somewhat roughly, and
adhering only in places, is another copy of the plate, which has been coloured like
the others. It shows a different state of the wood-block from which it was printed,
and much of the lettering has been added by hand. Some of the words which
appear in the uncoloured plate underneath had not been engraved on the wood
when the plate, afterwards coloured, was struck off. It is difficult to guess whether
the coloured plate shows an earlier state of the original wood-block, but this seems
a probable solution. The book is bound in limp vellum. There has been some
lettering in ink on the front cover, unfortunately now illegible. On the top
margin of the verso of sheet C2 is written, in a contemporary hand, "Nicholas
Allingham," probably the name of an early owner.
The third copy is in the University Library at Cambridge. Wyatt Papworth
has noted^'^ that the late Professor Willis was believed to have possessed a
copy of Shute's Architecture. The Cambridge Library bought many of Willis'
books, and this among them. The size of the letterpress pages is twelve
and three-quarters by eight and three-quarter inches. It is complete, but some
corners have been damaged and repaired. It was rebound In igoo. All the
plates are uncoloured and folded. The Tuscan plate is printed in green ink ; the
Doric, Ionic and Corinthian in grey ; and the Composite, with the text, in black.
All are placed as in the R.I.B.A. copy, except that the Corinthian plate faces
the verso of D2 instead of the recto of D3. It is at the same opening.
Some of the plates are considerably damaged, and all are cut down. The Bodleian
copy is a quarter of an inch taller than the Cambridge copy, but the letterpress
of the latter is placed higher on the page, so that the top margin is half an inch
smaller, and the lower margin a quarter of an inch larger.
The fourth copy is in the library of Trinity College, Dublin, and is bound
with several other pieces under press mark S.d. 10. No. 3. Its size is eleven and
fifteen-sixteenths by seven and seven-eighths inches. The plate of the
Composite Order has been badly cut down in binding. On the left side of
folio xvi., which is E4, appears the right-hand part of the Composite plate, which
alone of the five plates of the Orders was printed from a wood-block with the
text, and was too wide to go on the page. The last sixteen leaves have worm-
holes, beginning with five on the last leaf and diminishing in size and number as
they go back until on folio vii. there is only one pin-hole. The most interesting
feature of this copy is that folios v. to viu., i.e., Ci to C4, and fohos ix. to xh.,
i.e., Di to D4, are in duplicate, the former set following folio viii. and the latter
following folio xii. The imperfections of impression and inking vary from those
in the R.I.B.A. copy, and indeed these variations in the five extant copies are
very marked.
The fifth copy belongs to the Duke of Devonshire, and is preserved in
the library at Chatsworth. The size of the letterpress pages is thirteen and
a-quarter by seven and a-quarter inches, i.e., a little taller than the
Bodleian copy, but much narrower. The five plates are folded at the
side, but cut top and bottom to the same size as the letterpress pages.
Their width varies, but averages eight inches. The blank page A4 is

A Bibliographical Description. ^9
missing. The foho numbers h. and iii. are printed on pages B2 and B3, which
suggests that this is a later impression than the other copies. The placing of
the plates is as in the Bodleian copy. The last two folios are damp-stained, and
the verso of xviii. looks as if the book had lain about unbound for many years.
The copy is bound in calf, probably seventeenth century, and rebacked about
the beginning of the nineteenth.
So far no copies of later editions have been traced. Maunsell in his Catalogue,
published in 1595, notes an edition of 1584. This is repeated by Herbert, ^^ who,
however, adds an edition of 1579, with colophon of 1580. John Evelyn^^ refers
with approval to John Shute as " our country-man whose book being printed
in 1584 (and one of the first that was published of architecture in the English
tongue)." Evelyn clearly was not aware that the first edition of the book was
published in 1563. Papworth was wrong in saying that the Bodleian Library
contained a copy of the edition of 1584. There is no entry^" in the Stationers'
Register of a licence to Marshe to print the book in 1579-80 or in 1584, but as it was
probably an unaltered reprint, the omission is natural enough. It may be hoped
that the attention drawn to the book by this reprint may be the means of
bringing further copies to light. None is to be found at such likely places as
the British Museum, the Soane Museum, the London Institution, the Society
of Antiquaries, the South Kensington Museum, the Rylands Library, the
Advocates' Library at Edinburgh, or the Pepysian Library at Magdalen College,
Cambridge.

20 Shute'' s Architecture : Introduction.

IV.— A NOTE ON THE FACSIMILE REPRINT.
MY especial thanks^^ are due to the President and Council of the Royal
Institute of British Architects for permission to use their copy of Shute as a
basis for this reproduction, and for the full facilities accorded for photographing
its pages. It seemed wiser to reproduce in exact facsimile than to reset in Roman
type, although the italic type is in some places a little difficult to read. Such
blemishes as dropped or imperfect letters have been left as in the original
instead of being corrected, as none of them interferes with the legibility of the
text. The arrangement of the plates is also the same as in the R.I.B.A. copy.
The only departures from absolute facsimile are directed to make the book
more convenient. Its size has been increased beyond that of the Bodleian copy
by three-quarters of an inch both in height and width. This slight variation
avoids the necessity either of cutting down or of folding the plates, and will be
approved even by bibliographical purists. The paper of the old copies is fragile,
and so thin as to cause the letterpress to " print through." In order to avoid
this, a stout paper has been used. In all other respects the aim has been to give
a faithful reproduction of the first English book on the art of architecture.
Lawrence Weaver.

Reform Club,
June 1st, 1912.

Shutes Architecture : Introduction. 21

v.— NOTES AND REFERENCES.
Under this heading are given further particulars that elucidate statements in the text, as well as references lo
authorities quoted.
Page 7.
1 Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, 1889, is the authority for this statement. The
registers of the parish of CuUompton do not go back earlier than 1601, and John Shute must have been
born some time before 1530. In Fry's Devonshire Calendar of Wills and Administrations eight John
Shutes appear between the dates of 1650 and 1778. One of them belonged to Butterleigh, where he
was Rector and died in 1666. Another died in 1764 at Bradninch. As these two places are close to
CuUompton, it is likely that both men were of the same stock as our author. Other local enquiries
kindly made for me by Mr. Wilfred Drake of Exeter have proved fruitless. Until some special source of
information reveals new e\idence, we must rely on tradition for the story that Shute was a Devonshire
man. ''There is a reference in Stow's Survey of London (C. L. Kingsford's edition, 1908, Vol. II., page 3)
which seems to establish this beyond reasonable question. Stow says : "In Trinity Lane, on the west
side thereof, is the Paynter Stayners hall, for so of old time were they called, but now that workemanship
of stayning is departed out of use in England." He wrote this less than thirty-five years after Shute
was described in his epitaph as painter-stainer. In 1563, therefore, these words liad ceased to be simply
descriptive of a man who followed the trade of painter, and connoted membership of the Company that
regulated his activities. Though the Company had a grant of bye-laws in 1467, it was not incorporated until
1581. Further particulars of its history are given in The Worshipful Company of Painters, by W. Hayward
Pitman, 1906.
' Catalogue of Ancient Deeds, Vol. V., 1906, page 355, Deed No. A12629. The precis of the deed
in the catalogue gives everything that bears on Shute. Reference to the original document at the Record
Office yielded nothing more.
* The first turning westwards and towards the river out of Upper Thames Street from Dowgate Hill
is now called Brewer's Lane. This was Grantham Lane in Shute's time. We learn from Stow's Survey
(Kingsford's edition. Vol. I., page 231) that " Grantham's Lane is so called of John Grantham. . . .
Raph Dodmer, first a Brewer, then a Mercer, Maior 1529, dwelled there. . . . It is now a Brew house,
as it was afore." Shute's home was the last house but one from the river-side, but the lane now comes
to a dead end some little distance from the river, and the site of the house is covered by warehouses. It
is important to note that Shute occupied not only the " newe house," but also the adjoining " greate
tenement " that had been the home of Sir Thomas Darcy. He was then in the Duke of Northumberland's
service, and must have been prosperous.
Page 8.
* It is difficult to understand why Shute's will has not survived, except on the theory that he had
nothing to bequeath. There is no entry under his name cither in the P.C.C. Wills edited by Smith
and Duncan for the British Record Society, 1898, or in the Calendar of Wills in the Court of Husting
edited by Dr. Reginald Sharpe, 1889-90. It may well be that John Shute's achievements for
architecture had slight recompense beyond the honorific verses on his monument, and a fee from Marshe
— probably small — for the MS. of his book. Whether Shute was a freeman of the City cannot be
discovered from the Roll of Freemen, which goes back no earlier than 1681. There is also no reference
to Shute in the Index of Deeds enrolled in the Court of Husting. The indexes to the vast mass of material in
the Letters and Papers of Henry VIII., edited by James Gairdner, yield nothing. The Calendar of State
Papers, Domestic, 1547 — 1580, is likewise barren of information, but we learn there (page 224, May 26th,
1563) of a Captain John Shute. The Lord Mayor of London was commanded by the Queen to allow
this John Shute and others to levy six hundred men within the City, to be employed on service at
Newhaven. « Anthony Munday's edition of Stow's Survey of London, 1618, pages 382-3.
' " In ure" is a phrase derived from ceuvre and now obsolete. It means " in practice or exercise."
Page g.
' Wyatt Papworth's article in The Builder, August loth, 1878.
Page ii.
'Shute writes that Philander " about the yere of oure lorde 1546 wrote unto the frenche king
Anotacions upon Vitruvius," but Philander's book appeared at Paris in 1545.
1" Nouvelles Inventions, etc., 1561 ; Le Premier Tome de V Architecture, 1567 ; both by Philibert
de rOrme.

2 2 Shutes Architecture : Introdttction.
Page 13.
1^ Journal R.I.B.A., April 27th, 1912 ; page 450.
Page 14.
1- Dimensions at Longleat : Top balustrade or parapet, 3' 10" high. Corinthian total Order, 14' 11" ;
pilaster, i' diameter, 8' gj" high, including cap and base ; pedestal, 3' 4I" ; entablature, 2' 9". Ionic
total Order, 19' 8"; pilaster, i' 5I" diameter, 12' 11" high ; pedestal, 3' 7"; entablature, 3' 2". Doric
total Order, 21' 8" ; pilaster, i' 10" diameter, 13' 6" high ; pedestal, 5' 3" ; entablature, 2' 11". The spacing
of the pilasters in the Doric Order is 6' 11" and 9' 5" clear and 3' 6" on the bay returns. Projection
of pilaster, 5". Summary. — The Corinthian is nearly g diameters, the Ionic nearly 10 and the
Doric 7|. The Doric entablature is the nearest in depth. The Ionic and Corinthian have both much
greater depth than Shute gives. The entablature depths given are arrived at by deduction ol pilaster
and pedestal from total height of Order, as no scaffold was available.
^^ History of Renaissance Architecture in England, i8g7; page 18.
1* There is a problem of considerable interest, architecturally and historically, still to be solved at
Longleat. The suggestion has been made that only two Orders in height were intended. The sectional
indication of the roofs is perhaps more consistent with the alternative idea that an older house, of the
type illustrated in the remaining parts of the courtyard elevations, has been, in part at any rate,
refronted by a newer range of buildings. It might be that a house building from, say, i54g up to 1560,
or 1567, the date of the fire, was at either date recast. This would leave twenty or thirteen years up to
1580, when Sir John Thynne died leaving the work incomplete. Robert Smithson is supposed to have
been at Longleat as head-mason, or builder, from 1568 up to the beginning of the work at Wollaton Hall
after 1580. Longleat needs to be measured and drawn in a thorough fashion with the work of various
dates distinguished. It is possible that many obscure questions of great interest would then be solved.
^^ Lomazzo's Art of Painting, translated by Haydocke, I5g8.
Page 15.
''¦^Anecdotes of Painting, by Horace Walpole.
1' Dictionary of National Biography, under Shute.
1^ The History of Portrait Miniatures, ig04.
^' Early Engraving and Engravers in England, by Sidney Colvin, igo5.
2" Catalogue of the Collection of Miniatures, the property of J. Pierpont Morgan, compiled by George C.
Williamson, Litt.D. Privately printed, igo6.
Page 16.
2^ For details of Marshe's career see Arber's Transcripts of the Stationers' Register, passim.
^2 Herbert's Typographical Antiquities, 1786, pages 846 to 872.
-^ Marshe printed the following books, inter alia : 1563, Hill's Briefe Treatyse of gardeninge. 1566.
William White's Painter's Palace of Pleasure. 1587, The Boke of Surveying and Improvements. A book
printed by Marshe in 1577, entitled The golden boohe of the leaden goddes, wherein is described the vayne
imaginations of heathen Pagans and Counterfeit Christians, has an interest of its own from the use of the
word " leaden." The present editor in English Leadwork : Its Art and History took the same word, used
in " leaden Popes " in a broadside of 1643, to mean that the statues on Cheapside Cross were made of
lead. In 1577 " leaden " clearly was an epithet of contempt, and not descriptive. If that is also true of
its use in 1643, the argument as to the use of lead for the statues on the Cross breaks down.
2* Herbert's Typographical Antiquities.
Page 17.
^^ See MS. note in Papworth's handwriting in the R.I.B.A. copy.
2" My copy of the Strawberry Hill sale catalogue is the first edition, and I cannot find in it any refer
ence to Shute's Architecture, but many other books printed by Marshe are separately numbered. No
doubt it was included in one of the " lots " containing several books, of which only one is named.
Page 18.
" The Builder, August loth, 1878.
Page ig.
^^Typographical Antiquities, page 1797.
'^^ John Evelyn's Account of Architects and Architecture, 1664, i6g6, 1707.
3" Arber's Transcripts, Vol. II. , pages 343 to 363 and 429 to 438.
Page 20.
^^ In all work that involves bibliographical enquiry, an editor must rely largely on the courtesy
and help of others. To Mr. Falconer Madan at the Bodleian, to Mr. F. J. H. Jenkinson, Mr. H. G. Aldis
and Mr. C. E. Sayle at Cambridge, to Mr. Alfred de Burgh at Dublin, to Mr. J. P. Maine at
Chatsworth, to Mr. M. S. Giuseppi at the Record Office, and to Mr. Bernard Kettle and Dr. Reginald
Sharpe at the London Guildhall, I owe thanks for that ready help which is happily traditional in the
great libraries of England, public and private. L. W.

THE FACSIMILE
OF THE FIRST
EDITION OF 1563

THE

FI%ST A K(D C HIEF
CROVNDES OF ARCHirECTVRE
ifeJin all the a undent and famous
monyjnentes : with a farther ip
more amp le di/con/e Ipppon
thejajhe^ than hitherto
hath hem fercnthj
an} othrr.
^J^'BLISHES) 'Br
Ihon Shute /Paynter
anJ^rch^teBe.
^IM^%^1KTS3> JT
London in FleteJJrete n^reto
SamBS)unftans churchy
Ij^ThmasMarJhe,

15 ^J-

'jfTHE CONTENTES OF THIS mOI^E
hrieflji coUeEiUi^Jet out fir the helpe of the ^ader.
He difcourfe from time to time hove thisfcienceofArchiteHure hathin^
creafed Folio.i.
VP^mt the office and duetie is^ of him th^ wilbe a perfeFse ArchiteHe
orma'fterofbuildirtgef. Folio.iti.
Thefirfipdlerthat loas found outhythe hmns^ppon the fimetrie of a
firo? man;bsm^.6.ttmes the length ofhtsfoote ihheight^was renewed again
^y the Tujlanes , andcfthem taketh his name to he called T VS C 4 2\f ^ . FohoJiiK
The fecond piller called S) 0%I Q A budded to his perfeBion hGrece ,fyS)orus ^and
vf him taketh his name whoJe height is -j. times his thiknes whiche tht^es ts called ihe dia c
meter. Folio.TnL
The third piller called lonica wasfetin the temple of JpolIo,andS)i6nafhiifhed and bml»
deihy the lonrans ;^hofe height is.%.times his. thicknes. Folio.ixj
The fourth bitter xalled Cor nthia/oundin the citie ofCorintheh;yQilimchHs the exceUent
^rShett^hofe i?etgnits.^.dtameters. Folio.xiu
ThepfibpiUer named Compojita or Italica made to hisperfeBion In thame ofVaf^aflan
fythe auncient ^mayneSj whoje height ts. io.diameters^ Folio, xiiiit
Of a nother auncient piUer^meJlarje to the before mmedpillersfoundoutto his perfeBien
hy the Jtheniens called Atticurga or Mica. FolioXin.
The Placing ofthefiue orders ^mely,J'I{E0STrL0S,fDIJSrrL0S,EP'STILO$^
SISTTLOS^andflCNOSTILOS. ^ Folio.^ii.
jiruleofyttruuiusgeuenforthe/ethrepiilersjDoricaJonicajCorMk^fhrtheplacingg
ordifplacing of them oneahouean other. FolioypttL
A rule for the dimxnifhing of the piller iDnder the (kpitall eodem.
dn example to be cbjeruedfor the increafe of ihe hsj^ht ofEpiJIsiiim.

f Fmkes efcapedin theprmthtgan thnu
tobecoreBed,
In folio u.line.i.afor Fcrmce res.ie'Bkrenst,
Infoiio.ljii.line.xxxiitt bfar Trochitus^ reade TrocUh^^
foJiQjciJmcM i^for CallmscUm ^rmdiCskmchm

fTO THE HO^ HIGH JKD EXCELLE]^7
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Fraunce^ir Irdaud,defendor oJ the faith, Circ.
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Imfrj} haoke de ejftctji^nght Excellent ^rmces t^r my mojle gmttms
fi^ternyne Lady)t^}at no ir.an is hofmikto this UK>lrd for his prtmi tmd
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mtural head next Ipnto God of this our common wcalejto {Jkw a token of the fame Jintoyour
highnes^nprejentingthefe my poore and fimple laboures wherlpiito lam the rather boldmd
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tonges andfciencesMofl immble befechingyonr royall maieflte to "Pouchfafe
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due tyJhoM pray to GodforyDurMg life and prof
pcrom ^ygnCy'^ith peace and tranquditii
to his honour andghne. AmetL
\oiif Malt flies mofc humhk
gndvtcduntfubicik.

lohnShutS'

glOHK SHVTE 9JIKTE^ JKS>
ArchtteBe : lanto th Loutng and freind y ^ aders,
^ongefl al other tlnuges (gent el ((jr louing reader j loherwith y deuine prc^
uidence ofalmightie God hath m oji liberally jandplentifully endewedman^
kind'nthere is nothing eytherforthe dignitieand l^orthmesofthe thynge
ifelfsjOrfor the wonder full ejlimation andprice lohiche in all times it hath
^_^^^ _J bene tn^ore excellent ^rctious /indcomcndabk then leamyngj^nowledge
fin^cmce /hi-^hich alone cau/eth mortall men to be mojl like immortallGoddes:and asrt
taketh out 0 f their mindes thatrudeandlancomely admiration "^herwith throughignoraunce
th/mpk m mojl %ime trifles are •^ixionder fully e occupied . fo to the -^ife be monum ones and
woorkesJktlfullypraBifed and carfulU^lejft both commendahle <^ merueilausjea andfuche,
AS neither theiniuries of any formes and tempefl can cleane loaf and con fume /to nor (as it
fsmeth)the enuie ofmanj)rJpoyle of enemies deface i^r ouerthrow /leiihcr that which isgrea
$ffle ojaU/me it fdfe can deface or caft out ofmynde.AndamongeJl a ll other jludies there is
tmle in myjimple tudgement of this forte tl^tt diferueth greater prayfejthen that whiche is of
^hegrekes named jirdnteBonica ^andofthelatines ArchiteBu rail thinke not altogither
'^nftenor^pnaptlieby metermedm EnglifJ?e,the arteand trade to rayfel)p atidmake exceh
l^fit edifkes and butldit\ges)the whiche like as mall otl?er ages before hath bene in memelous
accotfrnpteandefimation/is ful wel appereth by diuers karned^hilofophors and famous prin^
•cesthaii^bracedyfame/is^kto^Anfotel, 'Flint ^who were excellent therinas their workes
mil witnejSe. Alexander Magnus, luiius:(^efarjyeJf>afanjAdrian with many other auncient
grickssand^maines^hich laboured to amaunce their name therbyDoho leftemany argu^
fAentits of thev 'Vertue J^ygb intentes and doinges by} fame with many other famous ^of which
^iifii J maketlj mention . Fttruuius and Frontynefif later dayes men pray fe worthy "^eryflui^
diotis andpainfiilltherift So in 'iJsfemeth it not only to crane the wonted emendation , but alfi
to be mojtnecefarie and profitable afwell by th condition of the time as necefsitie of the thing
it jelfe.Andfurely fuchets the amplitude and largnes (1 may "Pell fay perfeBion) of this facuU
tie f hat without Jum acquaintaunce with many other art esyef?all not enter intoy depefecre^
iesfor it hath a natural focietie andas it were by a fertaine kinred ir affinitie is knit "i^nto all
theMathemiticalles w^yich (ciences and knowledges are frefides and a maintayner ofdiuers^
raJ:ionaU aHesijo that without a meane aquamtance or Jinderfandmgin the neyther payn^
ters^Jiontf/old/mythes/nbrodererSjCaruers, loynarSj Glafyersfirauers^nall maner
•ofmetalles anddiu ers others moecan obtayne anye loorthy Praife at all "Moweall thefe being
hraumhes ofthatforjaydfoundatiof ocke/}rfcience fhall bring forthe the frutes oftt to their
gr eat prof tes /ind^ommoditie of the^ealme, which cotimiing and throughly e pra&ifed in the
Jame) by time fi all increje riches , worJhippe,and fame , Conftdermg with my felf e the many
fold commodities and profites that fhould redownde to agreatmany louers ofthefame^and
contrary wfe-^hatalof e arid hinderaunce it hath betie to them that lacke the langwages O*
learning who of necefsitie hath remained m \gnoraunce to they r great lojse and difcomoditj of
the'^alme. Nof^ithfanding I know weU there hath bene a multitude and at this time be
'^eomanylernedmenwhohth{throu^hetramslercceiucd)thefHlperfr&iQQftheprudent ladys

lady ScientidjOf whom fo depely learned Icrauepardon formy rude rajfmes that I hauing
}ml tafleda certainefweteties cf htr excellencie and liberalitiejwherfort naturall hue hath
drawneme to aduaunce her reputation and honour /iccor ding to my poore abilitie andgood
fdj th e thinge nothinggarnifhed as it ought to befu t mof briefly and p/aynelye withjucbe
demonflrattons that it might edifie them lohich oja long tim e haue def red and reached at it
to attaine Alfofor the encoraging ofthofe whkh ernejltyfudiedand fauoredit .Ithought i*
ther fore good tofette out and commit to writing m our natiue language , parte ofthofe thim
ges whiche(both by great labour and trauaile.at thefrjlfonnypriuat commoditie IJearched
But and for my owne pleafure out of diuers afwell latin and Italian /is french and dowche wri^
ters}! haue diBgivlygathered. As alfbpajsedmany countries anct regions to fee foth income
amongefthe ofjtiquities andm the ntoji notable placesof Italie ^where a re mojl excellent buil*
dinges, and intending tolprire of ArchiteBure or buildniges.l thought it befl neither with
th lighteftor leafl profitable parte therof to begmne, nor altogither after the mofe f lender
forte to handell thaf^hich I purpofed to intreate ypon.I haue therfore taken my firfiente^
raunceinto the wntingof this arte ^ at the fiue antique pdlers or Columnes yComonly named
of the places andperfones partely where and of whom they were inuented^and pa rtely oft heir
i>ertues <(sr properties ofthofe that they wer liknedlpnto, iphich pillers names are thefe asfl*
loweth.TufcanaJDoricafontcaj[oytnthtatjrfC opofitaJThe treatifg of thefe pillers /is it hath
in it mojl deleBation and pleafure m the beuwtte and Comlines of the "^orkmanjhtp appertay*
nmgl^nto them, fo though at the beginning, it be mingled with a littell afferitie and as it were
hitternesCforthedtficultieandhardnes wherwithas both principallesand aljo other thin*
ges of any excelleticyeat thefi/fi arecoufiomedtobejtisjomewhat Comberous) yet it is both
foneceJSary and profitable jtt:at neither "Without it any man may attaine to any efiimablepirt
of the refie ofthis fcience/indwith it as by a klew ofthredorplainepath way a man may mojl
eaJSelypearje and lightely pajbuer the mojl darke isr J>nknowen corners of the whole procejie
ther of. 'But toffeakeofthe'Uporethines ofthis parte of ArchiteBureutfemeth almofl altog}^
thr fuperfluous jwherfore taking thefe tojufftcein tl:epart to be fay def will now Jhew what
tradeandorder I dofollowein t lye declaration of the meafures^propor tions, andgarnifhrnenf
tes oJ thefe before menc toned pillers. For jo much thrj'ore as in teaching of all artes thre thim
ges art chiefly to be confderedthatis to fay diligence ingeuingyprecepteSjaptnes in chofying
plaine andeuidente examples /ind lafi o fall praBiJe and experience of the teacher. I haue for
the firfi parte taken for my author chiefiye to be followed the noble and excellent ivriterVi^
truuiusoneofthemoflparfaiBejlofallthe Antiques ^and for that /leither anyone man in
•what arte fo euer it be ii abfolute /indthat other fnguler men of the Antiques and he in many
poinBes do difagre and differ (which Sebafiianus Serlius/i meruelous conning artificer in our
tim()in many places of his workes learnedly doth declare.lhaue added tmto him'i)pon what
f oeuer in any thing femednedfull the opinion and meaning of the fayde experte writer Seba*
flianns , here and there alfo wher I thought meete 1 haue ioyned the minde and iudgement of
one Gulielmus Philander a notable man whiche about they ere of oure lorde. 1 5 4 <5. wrote
ynto the frenche king Anotacions l^pon Vitruuius /oncernmg this matter erfuche likeJMow
for examples -^hich are necejiardy required to the opening offuch darke matters, I haue cue*
ry where through the whole procefe of this pre fhittrcatife after the preceptes to the lights
jit^' nmg

mr^of them fette both demoiiftrtion -and f gun ^ aidas for praBtfe and experloice of thefe
thinges whiche I teache , I aJSure themojtegeyitle reader and all othtr that Jhalbe readers fo
this my littel worke that I lyauepu t notitU in any part therof c ocerningy proportioij;' fimetry
toy>Jethe accuflomed terme of the arteofth fornamed colmnbes^whtche 1 haue not afwell
feeneandmeajuredin Italie^from whence they cam firfi 'i)nto '^s amongcfi the Antique woor*
kes as read andfiudiedm England in the Antentique loriters ^ that I might "Teith fo muche
moreperfeBion write of them as both the reaSig of the thinge andfeinge itindede ismore
then onely bare redtng ofit This fmall and fimpletreatije ofmynt lean note til whither with
like fe licit ie brought to hisparfeBion as -^ith no fmall labour eaiid fiudie for this time ended/
thought meete as the firfie frutes of my poore attemptes <jrindeuors to leue as a duetye
anddetteojme tobepayde/indthaf^ell receiuedofallmenjIfi>alI thinkemyfelfe
mofihappye /indif not i^allperfones jet at the leaf wife of fucheasbe honejl
ejlemers andacceptt rs of other mennes diligence andjtudtcs .The -^hich fit
come to pafie J}Cth Ijhalbe glad of my laboures in thfe thinges be*
f towed and for th hue of my naturall Countrimen be further'
more incouraged hereafter to attempt e greater thin^
ges. Thus almightic God prejerue the
ingodly cxcercicesto his pleafure
for euer Amen

TIME HOVFE THIS SCIENCE
of ArchiteBitre increafed.
r^^^^N the beginning of the world ^ Nature bynecejfitie dy d firfi einueni
\firau7ige maner of couertures or houfes for floe people to mhabyte in
I'Butofallfuche order and forme of buyldinges as were before Noes
Ifludde/tjhall not nede to make rehrfaU. 'But after thefiudde ofNoe^
\the people agaynCy'^hen thyioere increafed and multiplied jdtd doyly e
 more and more Jetke for theyr commoditie to be defended from the
hate oftFeSmne _, and coldenejie of the oyer : fome fuccoured the felues lender thejhado'^s
oftreeSjiind other taking occafion thriby/deujedto jet yp forked flakes, imith the forkes
i^p'^ardes/ind there y>pon layed bo'ipes . Afterioardes they fttlldeutfed and daylye did praBije
more and more in that kinde . Andm time , they perceyuing the leje of cutting withy r on, did
fet Ifpright tireesas they had before , loyth theyrflakes being done loith their handes/ind by*
caufe they Jhould not cleane ^itth the heauines of theyr burdens aboue at the toppe , they conu
pajjed theni about ipjth vingesofTron/indcaUedthem 'Fillers or Qolumnes . The forme and
Jhfipe of "^hich Timers y they did imitate, fajhipning tl^emofftone. And then they callyngeto
theyr remfrnhraunce thefiudde ofNoe,'^hich hdd droHened all the world,deuifedto build the
to'^re-ofBabilon.So they added in fieede of the rynge aboue atthe toppe of their pillers, thefe ^^
yhich our author Vitriuius callei h Aflragali,andApophigis.So inproces oftime/liuers "^itty
men euer addingefome thinge thereto, at the lafi it came tofomeperfeBion.Then did thy be^
ginnetodeuife andpraBife after dyuersfafhions/indbuyldedagreat parte ofthetol^cr.In
'^hich buylding came the de'uifion oftounges, or languages ,lihereby thefe buylders were par
ted and flattered ahrode Jipon the face of the earth, andinhdbitedmanyflraunge count reyes^
and began to buylde in Egipte, and after that in many otheV places , asjemeth by th workes ^
which Belus^inus, and S emir amis buy I ded, which wereJf)redfofarre,asfmmen dofuppoje
that Trier in lowe Doutcheland fhould hatie bene buyldedof the brother ofNinusasyemaj
perceyue by Berofus, Herodotus /tnd many other that are ivriters and witnefles of the fame.
Tea,fljortly after was made Memphis, the whiche nome is named Alkdyre , the whiche was
huyldedby a kinge of Egipte, hauing in compdJSe roundabout, one hundred dndfifiyeftades^
or dsfoine interpret ate it,fo many furlonges , and in like maner the duncietxitie of Thebes in
Grece )befidcs many other citiesjwhich were made before and after, tn'the which it is to bt
fuppofedjthat there werefumptuous^emples and Tallaces.So, that they were experte and be
ganin thatfctencetocometo moreperfeBion. And immediately aftet dwittie man named
S)orus (thefonne ofHelemer and Optix the Nymphefnueiited and made the firfie piller
drawen to perfeBion /tnd called it fBorica, after his owne ndme. Short lye after him, there ipas
Ion,fonne ofXulhus,thatwasmadegouernour of a part of Caria, which he had wohne he
in thatcountrey buy Ided thefe cities flowing fFriem^SamumfTeoremfolophonemJNachtUi
Erithren,Thoceam,Cla%omenas,Lebedum, Melyten, of the which,the citix^ins afterwardes
draue out of that countrey the Carydns/ind called it lofiia/tfter theyr kjnges name, and then
they made their churches and Temples of their Goddes /ind firft began with AppoUo hisTerri"
!B./. py

The chiefe Groundes
pk,ds they hadfeneit in Grecia before.And they not knowing anjmeafttre offillours^onfi*
deredhowe to make a iuflSymetrie,that it migljt be comely andalfoflronge^oke their mefure
by thefoote ofaflronge fajhioned manne findtnge him to be in height fixe times, the length
ofhysfoote/rndfobythat mefure finijheiall the partes of that piller , and called it IDorica^
lycaujethy hadde fene it in the workes of (Dorus, andfo therewith finijhed the temple of
Appollo, after that they deuifed to make a tetnpk to thegoddej^e (Diana, wherein they 4yd
deuije an other Symetrie, for that temple , as they hadde done for the temple ofAppollo,
anafajhioneditajtertheiufiemeafure of a woman, to theendeandpurpofe/tjhouldehemore
^eautijidland fklender/naking it eighte Diameters , in height,, and called it lonica, after
their countrey ,adding therunto in theficadofherfhoowe, that which Vitruuius,namethSp't*
ra,and in the Capitel, was fet Voluta, in thefleade of her heare, whiche trujiedljp with a lace^
on eythrftde of her hade for an ornature andgarnijhment oftheCapitell They alfo fajhiot
nedthebodyofthptlloure,andlilleditwithCa?ialicoli,andStriges, as thoughe it were the
plates of her garmentes.T hen theybemgmore delighted with the beaut fftdnes of the height
therof added alfo another Diameter pputothe forfatdDorica , and made it feuen Diameters,
m hght. After that m the citie of Corinthe, was buried a certaine maidea, after lohofe burial
ier nourijhe (who lamented much her death) knowing her delightesto hauebene m pretye
cuppes andfuche like conceytes m her ifelmie, with many other proper ihinges appertayninge
onely to the pleafure of the eyepke them /tnd brake them , ^ndputdyem into a littell preatte
lafkette/indd'ulfette thebajket on hergraue, andcoueredi^ebajket with ajquare pauinge
JiOne. Tlyat doneptth weping tea res fl)e fayde Let pleafure go wyth pleafu re ,andfo the
nourifl)e departed. It chauced tl^at the bajket loasfet l^pon a certain roote ofan herbe called
Acanthus /n frenche Branckurfine,or bearefote with ys,now in thjprlng time of the yere,
»hn eueryrootejpreadeth fourth his leaues, in djeencreajingtl?ey did ronne t>p by the fides
cfthebafKet,'i>ntillthey coulde ryfe no Ingherforthftone , that coueredthe bafK.et , whiche
bdngfquareandcaflingehysfowre corners ouer the (y des of dye rounde bafket , conftrained
the braundxsofthe herbe to draw downwardes agame with a fertatne compaf^e , and Jo
grewetothefafhmitlyatVftruuius , callethVoluta.So is there alfo other fmaller that come
mteoftheCaules, andflalkei, and are named ingreeke Helices ^ and the bafket beynge
lydden ^ndenieth tpyth a multitude of leaues . In thys cytie one Calimachus, an exceUent
ArchteBur , pajlyng vrgoiage thereby, regardinge the beawtifull worke of nature,
afterwardes Vfing then themea/ures of the Jorjayde Til lours ^nakynge the pdlour lonycke,
"ifponthe whic he pillor or Scapus thereofhe Jet the Capitell, the whiche h hadde Jene ypom
the tombe 0 f the mayden/he Tvhichegarntfhedbeati fully the whole pillor, whiche ("tf/wM,
wasin height the thicknes of the pillor , andnamedtt Corintha , becaufe it wasmade in the
cytie of Corinthe, by thandes of Calimachus , -^ho for the excellence of that arte was na*
medCatatechnos , and after tht this -^orke growing more and moreto perfeBion came
tothe^maynes ^ andfo through oute all Italie , and manye other places , yea , and was
throughlyepraBifedbythem. Then the Tufcanes , beginning to builde , hauing knowlaige
of the pillor, whtche was firfie inuented by the lonians , l?pon the Symetrie, ofajlrong
yuznneinuented to buylde jlronglye after the maner afor fayde, yea, andto garnifhe alfo
theyr cy ties and townes beautijullye with a ptllour of their owne dcuife whyche jet at
thk

OfArciiifw^ure.
this prefent dme ,remdjneth while in the citie of Forence and in the count/ds thre aUu£
they farmed and fafhioned that pillor , whyche to thys daye is named after thefayde
countrey TuJcana.The^mams,then wdpraBifldin their meafures of alLihe rcfl of their
Colnmes,ii?id alfo defirous tomcreacefo nobte an arte^ byfomemhleacceflion, beholdyng and
regardmge thbtautifulnes of thefe forefaydpiUors jihat ts to fay. Tufcana , (Dorica , lomca,
Qoi'mthia, gathered oute ofecheofthcfame piller i , that, iphyche thy thought mofie faire,
and made a piller of pleafure or triumphe, after the mofie excellent maner that euer was be*
fore. This piller Was firfie buvldedto his perfeBion in the time of Titus , Vejf)afianus , who
Jetteitathys triumphe in the highefle place of l^s-arche trtumphall, and called itCompoflta,
or ds fome doo name hr Italica. Thefe pillers jpartelye for their beauty e and comlines, par,>
tely e for their fortitude andflrength.the writers ofthemfaue refembled and lyknedtofer*
tain feyned Goddes andGoddefies. As liamdy Tufcana , is appliedljntQ Atlas , the kynge of
Mauritania ; Dorica,')[?nto Hercules andthegodMarsdonica to Diana, or Appollo.Corin*
thia l^nto Vefla orjomelyke Iptrgin, and Compofita, to Tando ra, ofHeflodus , the which he
faineth to haue ben tndewed wyth diuers ofthofegraces and coninge ,tvherwith the beforena*
medGoddes andGoddcJIes wcreindewed,fothatttfemethbythe auncient writers andAu*
thors,whxh haue made reherfallof thefe thinges, that dny haue bene had in great eflimation
andprife , asye maye wel pa rceyue by If is, wJnche buy Ided a temple in Egipte for her father
lupiter, bycaufe her huJbandeOflris, and Jhe were ingreatcfiimation, and alfofor theyr
hcautifuUinueni tons andwyfedome , were honored as goddes . This maye well be gathered
by their pillers and ortiamentes , that belong therunto , the whyche were noted and mar*
ked with He brewe letters, and alfo hy the Sepulcres ofAmafls,whych was made m ore, then>
M.^ (D yeres before the birthe of Chrijle, in the whiche one of the Tyr amides W'^sfCQx.
thoufande mens workes, the Jpace of twentye yeares ^ the why che remayneth in Egipte to he
Jenfdt thisprejent daye , and manye other beautifull buildinges of that nacion . (!{eade»
iDiado. Sic. Ii. I. 2. Alfo itflmcth by many other tpnters, that after Babelldecaied^
incontinently the Hebrues mofl triumphantlyeflorijhedin thyspomte. Thus we maye per^
ceme that the Hebrues,r€ceyued their knowlageofthe Babilonians/indtheGrekes , recei
ved it of the Hebrues , in lyke cafe the Latines , and the Italians receiued theirs from the
Grekes , the whyche our AutI?or Vitruuius , doth not deny, in makynge demonflrations to a
Latine worke with Gr eke letters aslppon theinuenticnofthe Grekes , whych concernmge
hys fciehce in ArchiteBura ,in the whyche thing Vitruuius ,Jemeth muche to be emended,
as one , that did not dijdayne to acknowledge the authors and writers, out of whom he receiued
his knowledge. Info muche , as in hys Jeumthebooke of ArchiteBurt,he aff]rmeth(by na*
ming the notablefl of the) that they which haue left thefe thinges in wry ting, are to be comme-*
ded,whoJe names aljo I thought not altogyther the metefi to be omitted jisr therfo re do rej/rs
thefe , Theodorus, which wrot of the (Dorica.Etefiphon andMctageues , who wrote of the lo^
nica, which was ft in the teple of Diana, at Ephefls.The Hermogeim ,hath writteofDlanA
in Magnefia, after Argdius, which made the reherjalofthe Corinthes.Fiflly Sathirus ,<(sr Ti*
theus,who didjpeake ojMafoleafii Halicarnaflojafl both Cares ,Briaxes ^Scopas ,'Fraxite*
les (jr many other, as Nexaria ^heo fides ,Thilemon,Demophilos fPollis f.eonides.Silamon,
Melapus,Sarnacus,Euphranor,althe which l>erly,are to be thanked (s' emended through/ji
B.ii. For by

The chicfe Groundes
fm-hthem we know andperceme(as though wefawe m a lokingglajlel th thinges that
hmebeneremJoneahdmtideler^before. Nmerthdes , it hthhnwtthdrawen arid hidden
fasalmoftahthr knowlagesfira longfeafon hath henejthrough ignoraunce,forfo tt came
topafie by theiniurte of time, that all/ciences and learning hauebene kept fecret and notjfo*
h enofjnfo much thtatdns daye , there are many whkh name tins order of budding toh&f
th mw Lton.But it can not h new, that hathfi many ancient Authors andmatfiers there*.
of whom namely dyeNoblewnteror Authorfliny, hath in jogreateftmiatm, that for
their fake h bkmeth al them greatly, that haue written andivrought any thing,andhaue not
mmd the authorsaudwaifierfofwhom they toke their inuention efpeciallyof fnch great
andlfnfpeakable worke fifwJni hthe honour and fame, hath b ene dfmuch l??tto the tnaker ther
4asitwasDntothem that laujedthofe thinges tobe made.But now of the thinges we haue
lf>kenynough,let'i>s therfire j^eake fome what of th worthynes of this feience , and of the
' office 0 fan Architdl. VVhatthcOffiC£ and Duetie is ofhim that wyll be a
Pcrfcde Archiicdeor Mayftcr of buylding.s .
\(I{chJteBur(bythe common conjent of many notable mm) as Ceflrlus
Ijayth^s of all artes, the mofl noble ^ and excellent , Contayningin it fun*
\driejciences and knowlaiges wherwythitiifurn:fhedandadourned,as
Hull well Vitruuius doth afirme and declare by hiswritinge . For jaith
\ he ..an ArchiteBc mufi befharpe ofl^nderflandinge and both quicke and
apte to conceiue the trewe InflruBtons and meaninges oft hem that haue
 \wrttten therof: and mufl alfo be a perfeB diflributor ofthegrcatmifle'
r^^athhathperceued and experymented, that playnlye^ and briefly h: maye difcuf^e and
open demonflrations of that which fhalbe done or mete to thofe per f ones, that Jhalbe thefown*
dersofany noble workes.whrjore he ought ftrfltobea %?ry good Grdmarian, then to haue
experte knowladg in drawing andprotraBing the thinge , which he hath conceyued , T^exte
he mufl haue agood fight in Geometric, Conjecfuently in Opticke and in fuche lykefciences he
mufl haue good per ceuer ance. Likewife in Arithmeticke he mufl be l)eryparfaB,andm hiflo*
ties fingulerly wdlfeene'. He mufl alfo haue a good fighte in Mufycke , and fome knowlaige
inThiftcke j not altogether ignoraunt m Afironomie fie mufi alfo be fides all thife ben 'Phi*
tojophie/itery experteThe caufes why-al thife fciences before named, aught to be in him that is
d parfdiB ArchiteB and maifler of buildinges beof^Vitruuius tn this forte reherfed. If
hehaue(Jdith he)learnlnge hefhallflrengthen his memory with all written bookes , and
through drawingDtter his fantafie and Jhewe thetrike orfajcion of the thmg thathegoeth
about to make And Geometrie teacheth Irs the order of rules jfompajses ,S corner s , Quadran'
tes , and Jufle waterleueles with mante other knowlaiges that procedeth thereof as Euclide,
andotherauthours cr aljo Sebafltan Serli/n hisfrfl Chapiter reherfeth Opticke jheweth l£>s
howeand by what meanes the lightes fhauldbefet into the Houfl , And howe they fhouldbe
brought from place to place /is to ferue the hole houfe , and cuery place therih ,whiihe Optica,,
iS properly called perjfeBiue , and is of a furder fpecula cion, then theriman or nedethtoh
sxprefl: urhichofSebaflian Serliusjn his fecond bookc firflflcondandthndr Chapiter ts
partdj

OfArchitcdure.
partely declared. Arithm£ticke,teachethlfsinnumerablepoinBesmofl nccef^ariff re^^ired
io the parfaiBe knowlaige ofthis art.for without yt^e can neither know or yet Sfciipe th
meafures and harde fentences or queflions ofSymetrie , neither howe to accomptethe Cofl€
andchargts of our labores.An ArchiteBealfo mufi haue a knowlaige in hyflories , There he
moreouer multitude of caufes in btdldmges , and Ipery many ornatures and garnifhinges of
which he mufl nedesgeueanjwere, from whece they come, and fot what purpoje they are made ,^
As for an example, If a maifler workman Jhouldmakeymages,fgured like wom.en , clothd
andgarnijhed after a beauti full Joarte, which are named C^datides, and fet them in his i&orkc
for pdlers and make out r their heade Mutilos/indCoronasjfytweredemaunded oflnmto
what purpofc thofe ymages wer made, then be fhuldanfwer that Carta, a towne in Tehponefo^
trayteroujiy conjfnred with the Terfians ,againfl theGrekes:Butthegrekesgetting theyi*>
Borieouer their enemies , agreed with one accord, and bejieged Caria, and-wan the citie, killed
themen and toke the women , carter^ them dsbond -^omen not fuffering them to put of their
(I(jiche ornamentes and lewelles to the intent , that the fho we of their triumphe ,myght he
thereby the more glorious So they fubduedj wedre brought into bondage . For this cauje and
other fuche lyke /he chief mdiflers ofJrchiteBure made in their commonplaces andpallaces
fuche women to bear et>p the burthen of their buildinges ^the'^hiche was a remembraunce
andmemorial of their punifhmentcs for their mallice agamflthe Grekes Jujtained by the Ca»
riatides, that iitojaye, by the women of C'ida : In lyke cafe dyd the Lacedemonians , whan
they with fo Itttdl a power duercamefuche a great hofl of the Mercians, and flew them. After
which conquefl in their trjumphe , they builded a gallery whiche Jhoulde remayne l^nto them
fir a perpetuall and euer lafitng token oflpiBorteanddidfet thei in the figures, and counter^
fates of the Ter cians, which before wer their prifoners, in their flraung apparadfflandingin
their pallacesfupportmg their galleries, wherfore they were feared of their enemyes therby^
andalfoyet encou raged the hartes of the Citizens ,againfl their other enemies and backefrem
des.Vpon this exdmple Taufanias fiid dfterwarde make the counter feates ofthefameTerfias^
andlppon their heddes^ he laide Epifiilia,dnd Coronas , fetting betwixt them Zophorus, ths
which was garni fhed and figured with theleweles ,that they had taken from them being their
enemicijAs Cuppes, gcbletes/heines,girdelles,(jr fuche lyke otht r lewelles, which werplenti^
full among theTerfians ^andl?nder their fete was fet Sty lobata, whrinwere written their
titles, Mdny fuche Hijlories dn ArchiteBe, d^ght ofnecejiitye to know. Next ynto this doth,
follow Mnftcke, which alfo ts Qjerie necefiaryfor dn ArchiteBe, for tlnfe caufes mufl he haue,
as it were a fore fight in it, that ther by the principall chamber t of the houfe ,fimld with fuche
order be made , that thelpoice or my fe of muficalllnfirumenfes ^fhould haue their perfaiEi
Echo, refunding plea fauntly to the eares ofthofe that Jhalbe heares therof, ds alfo the ^^
maines^Jedm all their hallaces i^r for many other necefiities therunto belongtngpfthe which
Vitruuius /naketh fu rtl: er demonfl ration, as the refrefhmg of the Mdnncoltcke mindes, which
aralwaies trauailingforftirtherknowlaige. Butnowconfequentlyfolloweth thicaufelohy he
fhould haue fight in Thificke, which through the knowlege ofAflronomie^arfaiBly doth de^
dare the mouings oftheh€auens,andwhereJ?nto by their naturall inclinations they be difho^
Jed, as aljo the Imderflanding of th plages or Coafles of the word, which the Grekes callCli^
mata , to thyntcnt that he maye jhcwe what ground plottes flande in the mofl holfom ayer to
huilde ypon . Af id which alfo be the f wet andholfome waters^ the mofle fertill and frutefull
Si/. places.

Thechiefe Groundes
places /ts namely for thofe plot tes thatflandcotrary. to thys order ar£ mt mete or neceJSarie to
btiild IfponT'his holfome ground fo found wheronYejhall.build,jiemufifu.rfl haue knostflatgL
how to caflytmr ground piottcy whcrinyou mufl deuide all your feiierallplaces ofofficuap*
partayningto thfurntture ofyour houje , your principall chamber so f reft and libraries/tnd
ft(ch other like mufl receyue their lightes fromtheEafl, for that the fone by natural heate<^
his rifing drawcth to him all corupte humors and euill "sapors of thjecprd) and quickheth
the flint tes of man andbeafl,andifye willcafl ther in baynes or hot houjesppith wmter Cha*
hrs andparlors they fhalreceiue Itght from the wcfl.For that fideisdefendidfrofh the fouth
ipindes which aregretiousan,dcontagious andajfo great ipajlers of all kinde of buiidinges, as
nMy wdbe parceuydby old Edifices.Tourfludy places, wereyou hold write, draw or deuije pr
tht places whryour Sellers fluldbecdjt ,oughtto receiue their light from thenQrthe,by caufe
in that parte are the lights, which arefledJafl,As for lights other wayes appointed I refer re
tothe builders ofthofe ivorks. -BiftVitruuius , maketh no further mention therof. Now alfo
it hlongeth to an ArchiteBe, to haue the knowLigeofAflrommie/pherby he fhould direBly
know the foure principal places pinch areJEafl, wefl, north /ind fouth pith that, whiche they
call EqulnoBium,andSolflidum,4ndthe mouings of the flerres, forwithontthis knowh'^e
none caiiattaine Isnto the. making of hnnologes ,quadrantes , Clock es dialles/n thefonne ne*
cejiaty to he fet ingoodly Edyficies . It belongeth aljo to an ArchiteB /o haue fight in Thilbfo*
phje, which teaching to bs of a n^ble courage as Vitruuius faJth/ind a If o^enti I, cur tious/aith*
fill and modefl/iotgeueh to aua'rice and filthy lucre ^4s mt to be trmbled or corrupted with
rxipa rd.csMgiftesJmt'^ithgra u ity and Sagenes to ¦ cocdue a] hon ordnd dignity in al thinges
conferuihge hisgmlndmeandejlimatlGn,hct km alfo takj: a cjjdrge of workes inhand,bdm
Jefiredandnot defirous ofworkeii. He, which wold be an expert ArchiteBe, ought to haue all
thefe fdences aHdkno.wldiges,To him that hath any feience or knoiplaige and iudgment ther*
with concducd ,itismofl mideiit and plaine. Neuerthelejle it "^ill found flraungely to fome
that a man Jhoulde learnejo many fciences for the atteining ofone,andkepe all them in me*
moriefor thcpraBife ofthejameyu it is mcejsaiy and alfo mete, that although he be not para
fa'iBmthm or:Xneryofthm,yct he JJpOjdd haue .fome knowlaig in them andfo it behoueth,
neith er ttjs r}qtiifit that h.eJhouldb^flparfaiB it Grdmaria,as wasArifla rebus, andyet not
altogether with out ttdSlor,in Mujicke like, l^nto Arijhxenis, neither in paintinglike Apd'
les m.r ^Idfles/irStattmyylikeyntoMiron or Toticrdtes, neither in'FhtJike like to Hippo*
crates ybut yet in this and other not ctkogether ignoraunt . ButyJ dntan myghtbeparfaiB
in al thefe fcieces .as were Aril}archus,Sd'mriusJPlulolaus,Architas ,Tarentinns,Apollonius ,
lPergeus,.Bratoflhnes,Sireneus,Archimcdes,Scopinas,(for all theje were flrogely loeapo*
ned with alfhejefcieces before rehrfed)heJhouldbe able to an f wer to dllquefliones ther to a*
pertaining. 'But l may pray as Vitruuius dotJ>, faying , I pray 0 Cajar,dna all other that rede
this my writinges, if ther beany thing difagrdng to any ofthefs fciences heare with me for I
cofef^e niyfelfe( faith he)not to beparfaiB in any of the other fciences. But he nameth himfdfe
to bean.ArchiteB. '^hrelK hethinkcth hinljelfe par fait, But I the fetter forth ofthis trea*
tijein Engljh, acknolagerri)f elf not to he a parfaiB ArchiteBe, (as hefaith)noryet Gramd*
ria,<(^though IhauepiitmyJelfehipreafe,itisnot throughd^e depe knowlaige aboue reher*
fidjbut 1 do it far to put in lore an entrdfice or beginning to them which be therin Ignoraunt,
Cp defiire further knowledge in thefe thinges /isfjereafter appereth by the dedaracion hereof.

of Archiiedure.
tvscaNa. ^oUtjydii
He maner and forme of the fine principall pillors , and their proper names with aU
their compoundes ther to belonging and,their fetting in their iufl places by the order
and rule of Symetria ,and marked with the letters A. B.C. wher unto is madi
this piUer Tufcana , as it is figured /nuented and made by the lonutns^
ypon the Stmetrie of aflrongman.^I(mewed and
found agayne by theiufcanes and of
them taketh his name.

^T H V S C A N A

The chicfc Groundes
TVSC JN J.
His pillor is thflrogefl and mofl able to heare thegreatefl ofburteofalthe
others. And that fame hisflregthe cometh by hisjhortena, thrfore he is lik*
nedljnto Atlas ^ h"^g^ of Maurytania , and the piller ts named Tufcana^
whofe heyth mufl be with the Bafis and Capitall. 6 . times his thicknes in.
heigth.Butifyow^llJet Stylobata.,orTedeflate,'ijnderthepiller,Then
fhallye begyne from the groimde Ippwarde^ euen after thys Jorte. Ye f hall
Tfiake a foure fquare Jtone Jikel^mto a dye.Th quantity of the fquare as great asye wd,accor*
(Ung toyour purpofe.Orye maye drawe aground plot on a table, In that fquare ye fhall make
a round compafle Jogreatasyt may be within that fquare jand then within that compas make
an other fquare /ind then within that fquare, make ye an other compas, the which compas fhal
h the iufle thicknes ofyour pillor. The which Vitruuius, calleth the Diameter, and then fhall
your littermofl compas be for theproieBure,orfaylling out or hanging ouer of thefoote of the
pillor which TroieBure/h Grekes do name or calit Ecphoron\N.ow thefrote ofthpyllor,
whiche is named Bafis, or Bafe , whiche Bafe,flrecheth out to the yttermofl compas^ and the
fquare "Doithout that compaj^e is the iufl bredth ofth Tedefial,which is marked with. A.T hat
hredth or heyth of that fquare deuideyouinto.^.partes.Geue Tenia lender makedwith.B.
fo mucheas one of thefe partes, for his iufl heygth alfo. Tenia, aboue marked with.C. afmuch to
his heyth : This donne,the Tedtfialle, ts. 6, fa che partes in his hole heygth fike "bnto th pillor,
which is. 6. (Diameters in hght as is before mencionedjthe which meafures be plainly Jhewed
in the midddlpdlor, which isyourgromidplotte ,wherin is found the height firedth and tfiicko.
nesandaljo the ptoieBures of the hoik worke . Thus I conclude an end of the Tedeflale, iPith
his meajurts. 'BASIS or S9I^J.
\Owt>ponthe'T'edeflak,whichis marked with. A.youfldlfetyour Bafl,or footeofthe
\ ptllour being in height half the thicknes of the pillor /ind that height eye fh all deuide
\into.z.partes.Geueonepart'l>nto Tlmthus which ought to be rounde , and ts marked
with this letter.D.The fecond partegeuelpnto the heighte of Torus, rnarked with. E. with
his Apophigis,whiche Vitruuius calleth Limbus .This TroieBure of this Bafe,jhallflande
out on either Jide ofthepillor,fo much a i the one compas is greater then the other /is is before
rehrfidin making of thegroundeplotle in l.h'Pedeflalle.
SCATVS. or COLVMNA.
' fpon the foote ofthepdlor,direBly zjr ^priMfet Scapus,whofi macke is. F.the whkh
^ Scapus, ts the boddy of the pillor /ind is. 5. D>iameters/n height, that is to f ay. 'y. times
¦ his thicknes m height. The which thicknes Dnderatthe lowejl parte of Scapus jout
fhall deuidemto.^. par tes, whero fat the head of the Scapus, fi?albe. j. So flail the pillor yn-
der the Capttalt, be demmifhed the fourth parte: whear as althe other pillors are dyminifihcd
thefixtepart. For the whichpillor I haue found or inuented an Other way m the dyminifijing ofit^

OfArchitedurc. Folio.v*
oftt, thanis declared for the diminijhing of other pillors , thewhiche hereafter frUoweth.
(jDeuide the height of Scapus ,into.^.partes .Vpon the lower parte flandmg on the Bafe,
make halfe a compas, as greate as you maye, being within the thicknes ofthe pillor. Then draw
downe right the thicknes ofthe pillor 'i?nder the Capitall downe wardes Ijppon the third parte
ofthe height of Scapus, wher upon ipas made the halft compas T he n fhall thofe j. lynes make
Z.croJSes yppon echefide oft he ha If compas, one crofle. Then meafurefrom thecroj^e.downe
wardes euen by the Jide ojthe half compas, l)nto theflnke ynder the halfe compafle, and de*
uide It into.6. lines ouerfVpharte the halfe compas and niarke them alfo with. i. z ^. 4- ^.6. as
yow maye plainely fee tn your ground plotte.T hat done , takeapayre ofcompafles andfette
the one foote ofthe compas in the middell of the pillor, t>nder the Capitall, and the other poinB
of the compasye flail brmgedownewardci 't>ntillyecometothepricke,wher the halfe compas
was made withjette thatpomte ofthe compas l;)nder the Capitall flande ,andwith the other
pom tie ofthe compas ,drawe 'i>p '^ar'des compaflmg from the thirde parte ofthe pillor Ipnto
the height e oj the pillor , that the one parte ofthe compas be iufle as high as the other .
Then haue ye made the rownde fide oryour quadrant T'he whiche lyne Jo drawin fi^albe de*
tiided into.6.partes : which partes ye fhall drawe ouerthwart the pillor , and mar ke them alfo
from th e Capitall, downe'^ar des with. i. 2. ^. 4- 5- 6. Then fhallye bcginne after this ma nnet
and drawe from the endofthefirikeloithin the halfcowpas/he whici} is marked with i.lDppe
parde Itnto theflnke aboue marked.^, to the lyne aboue drawen ouerthwarte the pillor , and
. aljo from theflnke. ^. drau>el>pwardl)nto theflnke aboue markedloith^. andfo from. 4- to.
^and from, i^.to.i^.and aljo fr6.6.to.6. The whiche lines Icade downewardes perpendiculerly
Thenjhallye cloje lop the fide ofthe pillor, as I haue dofedthe one fide /tnd left the other ope
¦ thatyoumayefeeitandlondcrfiandtt the better. Then take a^rule and drawe from the fmaU
¦ lefl of the pillor , '^ndt r the fiipitall, drawing downewardes to the line.z. the whiche is drawen
ouerthwarte the pillor andfo drawe from.z.downewa rdes Ifnto.^andaljoftom.^.to.'^.from.^
to.K.fro. 5. to.6.So haueyou diminiflediufl the.uhird parts ofth height of Scapus. I fay not
thatyou jhoulde l^fe iujlely no more but thefe.6. lines lento the dimtnifhyng of this pillor and
thefe other pillors following f do butfl?eweyou hy this briefnes /he playne and true loaye : by
the'^hich way e not wit hflandingye may occupie fo many lines as fhalbe nedefull.The mooin
number , the parfaiBer jhallthe diminifhtng be.Nowe at the toppe of Scapus, you /hall make
Aflragalus /tnd Apophigis /narked -^ith G. and fhdlbe hi^h the fixte parte of the Modulus,
that is the twelfth part ofthe Diameter.T hat pa rtyoujhal deuide into.:^.partes,wherofgene
the.z.highefl partes to Aflragalus/indthe third l^nto his Apophygis , alfo bynethat thefoote
of Scapus, ther is a fquare edge or Apophigis in ft nor being tn heigh tfo muche as the height of
Aflra2alus,thatflandeth at the top of Scapus, their proleBures be like Ipnto their heightes,
CapitallorC^T'ITVLI.
I Ton the body or toppe of the pillor, the hedde or Capituli ffjalbe fet , being in height
' one Modulus , that is to fay halfe a Dyameter , that heightyou ftoall deuide into.^.
^p.^^^^ partes ^ue the one parte to Hypotrachelium,marked-^ith H T he fecond partye
jhdl deuide into.^^.par tes Thre oftheyejhalgeue to Echinus parked -^ith. Lthefou rth part
nue to Annulusjilfo that parte which remainethgeue to fltnthus which ts the highefl parte,'
•^ -^ f./. -^hoje^

Thechiefe Groundes
tphfemarke is K^th TroieBurcor haging ouer fhalbe fo muche as tht pillor is diminijhe don
echeflde/he which is correflondoit loth thicknes of Scapus heneth. Thus writeth Seba*
flianSerhus , of the proieBure of this Capitall.Neuertheles I haue fene in jome places in Itak*
that the TroieBure,haue bene hke to their height, by cauje the pillor is jo muche dyminijhed.it
Jhould be therefore thjnore comely to haue the greater TroieBure, andyet jhall thofe tijo
wayes not differ muche one jrom the other, Bu-t yet of theje twQ-^ayes letl)s take the mofle
faire.lhaue alfo fene this pillor fo placed that it hath bene.j D) ameters in heigthe, where as
hejupported no other pillors but his owne Trabiacions .So endeth thejorme andmeajures of
\hCapttulum. ETlSTlLlVM.
SfFon th C'^pitallflalhe layde or fet Epifiilium , named aljo Trabes called in oure
\Englijh tonge the Architraue i he which is marked w!thL.andisa modulus in
ihight. The iphich heightye jhal deuide into 6.parti wherof^rcnia,to be the fixte,
 lpart,((sr the other. ^partes is for Trabs.So done:'i>ppo the Epi fl ilium you fljal fet
Zophorus being aljo a Modulus, in height and is marked with M.'Vppon y^ opho^u s fhalbe fet
Coronix being in height alfo a Modulus, ar that height you Jhall deuidmto.^partes.geue one
part ynto Ciniatm lender Corona marked with H.but the other fide oj it is called Tenia, and
geue liklPife.i parte: Ipnto Coronamarked'^ O.^jr the fourth part which remaineth^euelpn*
to Cymatifi ouer Corona which is marked'i> T. In (orona ye jhal make Denticulos, the which
are made, like teethe andthirT.roieBurcs , fhalbe like iJtito their heightes, failing only Corona
¦^hichhangeth his height and halfe his height ouer And thus endeth the mefures of the pillor
tailed Tufcana.Nowye fhallinderfiand,that the pillor which fian leth in the mydddlisyour
ground plotte, but the other -^hichefiandeth by htm, is made 1>pon the Je If fame meajure.but^
that It is othrwije garnifhed. %d)ichc garmfhmentes bringother meafures forthem.^ndas
touching this pillor , I flail begin from the loweflpa rte ofthe Tedtflall being Tenia inferior,
deuiding his height into.Spiirtes.Geue.^.pa^tes 'VntoTlinthus isr.^. partes geue alfo to Sima
reuerfa , and the etghte parte remaineth for the fmall edge ijponStma Sbpon thewhiche is fette
the hdye ofthe Tedellalepljo the "^pper Tenia ye jhall deuide his height into 5" partes geue.Z
partes Ipnto Hypotrachelium',andaljo.z.parteslffnto Cymatinm ,and the fifte partgeue iDnto
his edge at the toppe oft hi: Tedeflale, no we Bafis, or Bafe, belonging to thefayde pillor is the
height of a Modulus, or half the thicknes of the pdlor, whofe heightye jhall, demde into.z.par*
tes. GeueThntlnts one parte /indche fecond part deuideyouinto.^partes Geuei.partes Ipnto
Torus, and the third part deuide aljo into.^partes. Geue.i.partcs to Sima and the third parte
yefhallgeue the edge l;>nder SimaSo endeth the mefures ofthe Bafis or Baje,'^pon the "^hich
Bafe fhalbe fet Scapus, or the body ofthe pillor, made after the maner i^ order as before is me*
cioned Ippo the Mchich'Jha Ibejet the C^p'talthe one C^pi^^> (,'^ hke toy other jn uing tha t it hath
t}pd Echinus a Ih'tel edgephich fetethforthTlinthus'^ a more beautifulTroieBure.As cojer
ntng y Architraue or Epifliliu ,that is /is before reherceda Modulus tn height, iphic h heightye
P:aUcuideinto.6.partcs.Tenia,occupicthy fixt part, father. ^.partesye fhal deuidinto.zpai-s
tes .Geue one part'i)ntoy half ofTrochdus , the other part js left for y fiat fquare, diatrefleth
t>pon the CalHtal ir foendeth y EpifliliH-Noip ds touching^ fries or .i^ophorus, being alfo n
Modulus in height, as is before reherjed ofthe other, is like ynto it but that thisfw dlethoute

of Architecture. FoIio.WJ
Gardes the fourth part of a rownd compas, that is drawen aboue a fquare being the heigh and
hredth of a modulus -^herwith endeth Zophorus , Ippon the whichejhalbejette Coronix, the
cneflde ts like J>nto the other in the mefures, but that in this fide Cymatium/sfet lender Coroa
na,andl?pon the other fide Tenia isfetl^nder Corona, hingo fone heighte. This done and fi»
nijhed according to this rule, Jo endeth the mefures andgarnipmente of the firfl pillor called
Tufcana. XOwefor as moche as thatyou banc "^nderflanding howe all th partes of this pillor ^
uhe refl of doe pillors that fhalbe, hath theyr mejures, ornatures /ind names , finijhed
hut oflcnographia or ground plot Ippwardes to the Ipery top ofthfame worke, "^her^
fore I thought itgood for the more perfeBion and exercifes ofthegentdl reader to make &
(^herfall of all the partes and pafle lies downwardes agayne cndyng in Ichnogros
phia "Hffhere I began firfl, thefe be the names TT^A BE AT ION IS. Cymatmm^
mar fP. Corona, mar. O.TeniajnAr.N' Zophorus, mar. M. Tenia in Epijlylium^
mar.L.CATITVL I.Tlinthus mar.K^Echmus, Et AnnuHus mar.l,Hy*
potfachelium mar. HCOL VMN A mar .F. Aflragalus marked G^
Apophiges fuperior<(jr inferior , ST I '^A flue BASIS. Torus
mar.E. Tlmthus mar.D.S TYLOBAT^. Temapro
Coromcemar.C. Tenia pro Bafis mar.B.Ichnogra*
phia mar. A. being the par feBe fquare or
ground plot the beginning andfoum
dacion ofthis "^orh.

C

ih?D O R I C

The chicfe Groundes
HEIIE FOLOVVETH THE MANEQ^AND FO^E
ofthe fecaund pillor called Doricajfcingafcribed to Her-cules and Mars
for hisflrength/iccordinge to th rule aforefkyde .
His pillor called Dorica,fhalbe.y.Diameters in height, with the Bafe, and
Capitall Now if ye iPiUfet Stylobata , or Tedeflal^nderyour pillor , thus
ye fhal begin . Firfl you fhall make afoure fquare , which Jhalbeyourgroiid,
the which IS in my figure marked'pith A^ndthen draw a lyne ouerthwart
from th one corner to the other ^hich line is called Dfyagonalis /ind is mar
ked with B.-and that lyne being direBly upright jet , one ende Jhalbe the
height of the fquare or body oftheTedeflallmarkedtvith C.meafure and deuide that height
into.cpartes the lohich height ofthe Bafe, ofthe Tedeflall , fhalbe as muche, as one ofthe. 5'.
partes which is marked with D.andadmitte a Ifo afmuche l?nto thcCoronix ofthe Tedeflalle
marked "^ith EJo that the Tedeflale is.j.fuche partes in height like Ipnto the pillor ,'^h':chis
7. Dyameters, in height The height ofthe Bajis ofthe Tedeflale "iehtch is marked Ifith D,
Jhalbe deuidedinto.zpartes thelo-^eflpartisforTliuthus, marked with F. the fecound part
deuide into.^partes.Three of thofe par tes geuelPntoTorus,marked'^ithG.thf! other. z. par"
tes Jhalbe deuidedinto.ipartei,geue. z.parta Ipnto Aflragalus, marked "^ith H. the third
parte is leftefor the edge "^hich Vitruuius calleth %egula , the TroieBure, of echefide ofthe
Bafe, of the Tedeflall as Vitrjiuius faieth fhalbe halfe a Modulus, but the antiques haue made
their TroieBures like Ifnto their heightes. Then deuide the height of Coronix marked with E
into .^.partesgeue one lunto Aflragalus,'^tth his ^gula ,marked-^ith I. the other. z. partes
deuide into.^. partes admiting.z. of thofe partes to tymatium, marked with /(. and the thirde
parte thereof is leftefor ^gula , iphofe marke is L. the Troi'eBures ofthe fame is like J>nto
their heightes.Tlms endeth the Tedeflale or Stylobata .
STIIIA SIVE BASIS.
^Ton the Tedeflale joufioallfetSpiram Ishichisthefoteor Bafe ofthe pillor and is
; marked'^ith M. being a Modulus in height . that heigh deuide into.^. partes one of
t thofe partes is for Tlinthus marked-^ith N the other. z.partes deuide into, ^.partes,
one ofthem jhalbe for Torus, aboue marked with O.The other.^. partes that remayneth de*
aide into-Z partes , one ofthem geue Ipnto Tor us, tender marked with T. the refl is admitted
l>nto Trochttus, marked "^ith Q. and cache of his rules p be either ofthem in height thefe*
aenthpart of that hole meafure or parte , The TroieBures 0 (the whole Bafis, Jhalbe half a
Modulus, on echefide, and thus endeth the mefures ofthe Bafis .
SCATVSSIVE COLVMNJ.
Ton Spira ,or Bafeofthpillor ye fhal fet Scapus, marked w'tthT^hdnT the tro*
Hike or body ofth pillor the which is in height. '6. Diameten.Thet hichietofthe pH
lor at the foote is deuided into. 6.partes:and'i)nder the Capital, it is diminifledone
ofthe.6.partesthatis halfaparte on eytherfide/indthe.^. partes which remaigne, befor

Of ArchiteClutc. FoUo.vu
hefojr the thicknes ofthe piUor Ipnder the Capitale, From the whiche thickjiesyeflmll drawe
downe perpendiculerlylpntothe third part ofthe high of Scapus, wherypon is made the halfe
compatd^e whichz.lynes fhalmake.z.croJ^es on echefide ofthe half compas one.Then mefure
from thxroJIe hy the fide ofthe halfe compas Ipnto the loweftpart ofthe half compas andde*
liUe th fame mto.6. partes /Irawinge them ouerthwarte the halfe compas from the one fide
ofthe pillor Ipnto the other marking the endes ofthe lynes with. i. %. ^. 4. 5. 6. then meafure
fromtheouerthwartelynelpnderth halfe compas ,deuidtnglppwardes to the highefl of Sea*
P^s iniO-S partes The which fimlbe drawne ouerthwarte the pillor, the highefl ouerthwarte
ijne at the toppe of Scapus, marking that lyne with i. on and fo the other downewardes with
2. J. 4- 5- 6.Then theflnke marked with.Lone lp7idcr the (^apttall, is drawen downe onbothe
the fideslpnto the lyne that ledethto the half compas , whiche is alfo markedwith one. Then
drdwe dot^ne righte from the flrike. 2. whiche is drawin ouerthwarte the pillor at the toppe
Jmto the other lyne;^hich leadeth to the half compas z. andfo downwardes from, ^.perpendy
culerly to the other lyne or crojie markedwith.:^. andfo dircBly downwardes from.4-- to. 4-. fro
^.to. 5. andjb likwijefrom. 6. to.6. That done, take a mk, and drawe fro the z.flrtkes lohich
are th thichies of the pillor Ipiider the Capitall to the end ofthe Ippright hne marked.z.which
flayeth that lyne which is drawen ouerthwart the pillor marked aljo.z and drawe from.z. to
ihe end of the Ippngh lyne marked, ^.andfo likwifefrom. i-td. ^.downexpardes: and jo from. 4.
to.^.andfrom.^ to.6.Sodoneye haue do fedlpp the fides with the diminiflinge ofyour pillor as
je may percetuebyyourgrounde plot, the other fide is leftel)ndofed,wherinye may perceue^
wi^ere d:e lynes dofioppe,'^hicheJ>e drawne Ippwardes out ofthe half compas. The other fide
ofthe pillor I haue clojed becaufeyejhuldfee it and the betterl^nderfiand therly how to clofe
andfin'ifh the diminijhing oft he pillors. At the toppe of Scapus, or Tillor, right Ipnder the Ca*
pitall/s made Aflragalus, with hisQ(egula being in height the fixte parte of Modulus . The
iplnch^egula fhalbe halfe fo much in height as the height of Aflragalus , marked with S
whofe TroieBures ,flmlbeJomuch as the pillor is dimimjhedon echefide a like. If your pillor
jhall haue Canaliculos, there mufl be ofthofczo. roundabout Scapus fo done make a fquare fo
greate, as one of tho fl.zo. partes, then drawe from corner to corner ouerthwart the fquare,
makyrigairojleinthe my dell of that fquare. Then take a payre of compafles and fet th one
ende ofyour compafles in the middell ofthe croffe, and draw with the other poinBe ofyour Co^
pafles al a long by the fide ofyour fquare fro the one corner to the other , compaflmg thefamB
quarter as more plainely doth appere byy our ground plot marked with A- the whtche arthe
right Canalicoli, Beneth at th foote of Scapus, lieth^egula^ingpfthejame height that A^
flragalus is of at the toppe, andfo endeth Scapus.
CJTITJL.
Tpon the toppe of Scapus, you fhall fet the Capitall or hedde ofthe pillor marked
I with T. and is in heigth a iufl Modulus /hat hdght deuide tnto.^.partes Geue «ne
\partlpnto Hypotracheltum marked withV. and the fecond part deuideintoj^.par
nes.z.ofthofe jhalbe for Echinus, marked wkkX. the refl is leftefor the.^. kinges
which be called Apophiges,or.Anuli, Now the thirde and higheflep<irte,deuydeyou aljo into.^.
partes whit of. 2 ofthofe partes fhalbe geuentoTlinthus marhdwith. T.the thirde part e^
Ciit* ? irbich

The chicfe Groundes
whiche remainethgeue to Cymatium,andhis rule or ^gula,which ^I(egula,filmlbe the thirde
parte of that, which remaineth andliethat the toppe ofthe Capitale.The TroieBure ofthis
Ca!yitale,fl)(ilbecorrelf)ondcnt -^itb the proieBure cftheTlinthus/tt thefoote ofthe pillor,
and is markedwith N jhe whiche TroieBure, is obferued ofthe Antiques /n the fay d pillor,
y,hich IS already finifl}ed and flandethby.Howbeit, Vitruuius writeth it to be made after this
forte, to wit, that theTroiedure of the fapitak fhalbe the twelueth and fixte parte ofaMo*
dulusThus isflnifl?edthe Capltak with all his TroieBures.
ETISTYLIVM,
'Ton the Capitale,flmlbe fet EpiflyUum marked with A. the heigth therof fljalbe A
Modulus that heightye flail deuide mto.ypartes.GeueTenia, marked with B. the
ifeuenth parte /indgeue Subtenia/indGutta,pendante marked with C-the fixte part
of A modulus to their height and tht part deuide Ipnto.'^. partes, Geue.:^. Ipnto Gutta pendant
heinx^6.in number /he fourth part Jhall h for the edge or T^gulajn Epiflylia Ipnder Tenia.
ZOTH0%VS,
tfPon Epiflylium Jhalbe fet Tr'tglyphi parked with D. whofe hdght mufle bs
M Modulus anda, halfe. Alfo the bredth therof p?albe a Modulus , and that
wredthyou Jhall deuide into, iz.partes Geue i, of thoje.ynto echeone ofthe
ISemicanakcoh, the which fland on either Jyde ofthe Tridyphi ,fo remayne
\yet.\o,pafl^ and.6.of thofe fJpalbe for Strie,or the flath whtche are market
'With E.thc other 4 partes are left for the CahalicohJlanSng Ippright widi^
iththeTrig}ypfn,'^her l>ponye jhall fet his Capitale, which alfo is called Tenia, being in height
d^e fixte part ofModulus and ma r ked with F. B itwixte thej^ TriglypJyos/yowjha llfet Me*
thopa parked tpith G.bdngfcpuare fo high asitisbroadand in thatjqiiarejhalbe madeabuU
les bed f IS homes bound about with rybandesgarnifhed with branches flowers and lewelles,
Jnn'^ing atthe endes oftheTfbandes In euery fecond Methopa, ought to be made a faire bajone
or mt peace, the -^hich inwarddyfljuld begarnijhed but I am not habk to fet f our d^ the hw^
^e therof i?tfofmalU figure,
ThehigheftparteofT^ABEATIONlS, calkdinEnglijha C<^MJ^e.
Itruuius teacheth J)s that the height of it fluid be a Modu lus, and that yom
IImiII deuide into z.partes the lowefl parte deuide into.^. partes, Geuc.i. to Cy*
mattum J>nder(j3rona alfoajothr l?nto Cymatium, aboue Cor6na/he other.i
fartesgeuelpnto Corona,-^hfe marke is H, that fecond parte which remap
\^ieth of the Modulusyefhallgeue Ipnto Sy ma, marked with LThen adde the,
Vightpart of a Modulus, to be the high for his edge or ^egula/iboue Sima

MArrv>t

OTM/mv G

¦sm^fe^tfjiSiCrftJifray^^

-^nsrt

OfArchiteflure. Fo!io.viii»
he.i%jn nomlcr.6 the 07te Moay and.-^.the other. Tj^ht ouer Methopa, the Antiques l)fedto cut
in(^orona lupiter s markof the thunder boite.T bus endeth the opinion of Vitruuius in thefe
thinges.'HeuertheUs asye may perfeue by the mtdler or Coronids,ofthe antiques that flddeth
on trie right jide 'therunto they haue added Echinus, and Denticuli, tPith Apophigis qr rule
ilsrgarnijhed it after mdny beautiful facions briugii)g their worke to a great height /he which
height caufeth a fairer [ProieBure,'^hich was for y further fetting fourth of their workes isT
was plea fan t to the beholders therof If it be agate houfe or gallery of pleafure hauing lonica,
cr Corinthia ,of him fupported or flahdirig by himithen ought he to be richlygarnifhd But if
hefiande in the gate oja citie or cajlel by force orfirength/hen ought he to be made "^ith thofe
flrong meafure', wlyish areafcribedlpnto him flandmg in the place ofMars/tjr Hercules whd
heflandeth with the other pillors he is like ')>nto Minerua , and therfon haue reJpeBe 'i)nto
his place ¦
-^p Hus hatiinge finijhed all the meafures ending now atthe highefi ofTT^A BE A*
> ^ T I ON IS .1 jhall name al thepartes and parflds with dmrmarkes -^hereby is
'S^ knowen the thing that is wrighten orfpoken of to the dearnes or opening of matters,
and an excercife for the reader to know the names by, I haue more at large jfoke of this mat*
ter in the ending ofthe Tufcanpiller, ther fore I fall bcgir, e in T ^A BEATIONIS:
^EGVLA'O" Sima piarked tpith I. Cymatiujijr Corona parked "S^ith H Cymatiii inferior
(Echinus 1(egula,DenticulosjaddedTeniapaikedloith F. Triglyphiparked with D. Me*
thopa, marke d'^ith G. Tenia, marked "^ith B. T^ula andGutta /narked with C. (^ATI»
TVL I, marked-^ithT.T^ttlaCymatiumTlindms, marked with T. Echinus marked "^
X.Jnnulitres.Hipotrachelinm parked with V.COLVMNAorSC ATVS. Apo-
phiges Superior lis" Apophiges inferior/narked with 9^. ST I^A or BASIS, marked
with M. Torus fuperior, marked with 0. T^gula. Scotia, marked -ieith Q^ T^gula. Torus
Inferior parked-^ith T. Tlinthus, marked with N.STTLOBATA. Coronix marked
E.T^ula, marked with L.Cymadum, markedwith K^ Afiragdlus ,marked'withd.to the
antike pillor is added Corona ,^egula/indStmd, Quddrdtum, Diagonium, markedwith
I . the diagonall line marked B. Ichnographia , or ground plotmarkedVith A>
Basis, marked with D>: T{egula, Afiragalus, marked with H
Torus, marked G. Tlinthus marked F. in the fnifhed pillor
or BASIS,isasfolloweth T{egula Cymatium re»
tierfa.^ula Sima . T(euerfa T^ula, Tlinthus,
which maketh an end for this piller .

^ I O N I C At

Thechiete Groundes
THE MJNEQi FOT^ME AND O^I^DEIl
of the Symetria, or meafure of lonica, whiche was deuifed by the
lonians and Jet in the temple of D>iana.
\ Tylobata,or Tedeflale of lonica, you Jhal make the boddy' tl^er of after this
\ forte. The flat fione, which ts marked'^ith A. jhalbe a fquare and (^ halfe in '
height, and that heightyou fhal deuide into. 6.partesjt^ adde thertofud) an
other part for the height oj the Bafe ofthis Tedeflale which is marked'^ith
B Its' jet alfo Jud} an other like part for the height of the Coronix ofthisTe-
Mdeflak marked with C. So done ^vTedeflaleis.$.par tes inhightjijjeightof
'the baje markedlo 'Bye jhal deuide mto.^ parts.Geue.i.part Ipnto Ajlragalus iS' his ^^egula,
markedwith D.the which ^gula ,occupieth the third parte of that one parte.Geue aljo to
^imar euer fa pith his edge marked with.E. one parte , wherof his Edge occupiethth third
parte.Tbenye fhallgeue an other parte Ipnto Torus parked with F. and the other. z. partes
youjhailgeue Ipnto Tlinthus parked with G. TheTroieBure ofthem fhalbe like l^nto their
heightesJSlow the height of Coronix , marked with C ye Jhal deuid into \o. partes , wherof you
fl?allgeue.^.lpntQ Cymatium, and his Edge marked'^tth H. and alfo g?ue.-^par tes y>nf-o Q^ro*
nd /Harked ¦isith landaljogeue.-^.lpnto Syma ^narked with K^ the tenth parte is left, for the
Aflr^g^lus <jr his edge markedwith L. The TroieBures be like Ipnto their heightes but that
Cjorona /loth fay le ouer fwife his height , Thoughe this pillor and al other pillars if it u^ert fo
that thyhaddoubleTHnthus ,<t fl:>ouldnot be withoutgooi caufe for the antiques haue made
thrfeTlmthus , one aboue an other, the occafion whrofis this , that the ear thejhould not ouer
'^owe the Baje Qftl}eTedeflale/indjo hyde the chief thinge wher upon dp refle-the lehole or*
demuncesyea andm many other places, they are necefla ry. the which al ArchiteBes , and ma*
Jlers ofbutldmges ought to knowe /ind many moo of thoje and fuch other ought to be km^en
Qfthm.ofnecepitie. The occaflon or caufe for the whiche I hduebegonne this order or ruk,
firfi with theJPedejlale,(^thewl}{ch rule differ eth from Vitruuius. for hi beginneth firfl with
thpfllor,neuerthelesthey come to onepurpofe in the par feB ion) is for this., that firfie iti ^
Tedeflale, I hue drawen the ground plotte, whiche the Greekes caH, Ichnographia. For that
fame houfe or bnildir^ cannot jlande or endure '^hiche hath nogogdfbundacion.So this is the
foundacion through theiphiche '^e knowe andfinde-all the meafures and 'Upright es belonging
to thepillor.In it ts alfo found the Trab'iattons ,the heigl?t of theTedeflak, and Ahe bredth thr
of, alfo the height oj his Bafe and Coronices,and the Diameter and the thicknes ofthe pillor
abouil^nder the C^pitdHejand hkewife the heighte of Spira, Or Baje of the pillor ! andthe
height of Scapus /tnd ^ Ijo the /;> ight of his Capita k,with all the "^hok TroieBures , and mea*
Jures which tflueth oute ofthis Ichn ographia . Now to come to the right "y^nderflandinge of
thefe meafurfS before reherfed ,ye fhall begmne thus.The bredth ofthe fqua re, whiche ts the
hredtheoftheTedeftak/narked-^ith A.yow fhall deuide into.u. partes wherof. S- jhalbe the
Skiameter, or thicknes ofthe pdlor the "^hiche pdlor in height fhalbe. 8. Diameters , with the
^afe and{apitalle , the whtchehighte of the Capltak ,occupieth the third part of theDiame*
ter, and the Bafis marked with M. fhalbe halfthe thicknes of the pillor m height , tJms-^ri^
teth Vitruuius , in his third booke and ti>ird Chdpiter , Bafis

of Architcd^nre. FolioJX
Basis.
He Bafis, or fhte of the pillor fimlbe a Modulus in height : wUch is marked-^th M,
' that heightyou Jhal deuide into.ipartes,geup one part ipntoTlinthus marked wtth.N
' thatlehich remaineth deuide into.-j.partesgeue^.lpnto Torus parked with.O. the o*
dyer. ^.partes deuide intoA6.pdrts,geueTrochilus fuperior with his Afiragali, and' rules. %.of
thofe pa rtes,-^herofTroChilus, occupieth. 6 par tes, Ipnto the highefi Afiragalus /ind his edge
fl)albegeuen a part and halfapart,ir Ipnto the litle edge Jfnder Torus geue alfo half a part,
¦^hichmakethlyp the refi of the.S.partes.The other. S partes geue l)nto Trochtlus inferior,
and deuide them aljo as is before reherjed.The TroieBu re, of the Tlmthuspufl be the eights
and the fixtenth part ofthe thicknes of the piller iphtch is the Jailing out on eache fide ofthe
Baje ojthe pillor and doth anfioerlpnto the bredth ofthe body of the Tedefiale,andis agrea*
bel with tJ)e jorfaidgr Olid plot .The Antiques haue made alfo a baje, which differ eth notfarre
fro n th declaration of Vitruuius andajter th'rsfacion they haue ordeined thei rBa fey height
therof to be a Modului ,and that height deuide into.ipartes, wherof geueTltnthus one part,
as be j ore is taught by Vttruuius.Then that, which remaineth deuide aljo into.^.partes , wherof
the hifrhejl part jhalbegeuen io Torus, the other z parts which remaine, deuide either of the
into.6.parts wherof the highefi Afiragalus ^ his rule occupieth.i.part, thelehich rule is half
the heifht ofyffiiagalus,alfo the edge /hat lieth ipnderTonisJhalbe half a part in height /ind
that "^hich remaineth is for Trochilus fuperior, wherwid) finifheth the firfl. 6.partes^Nowe
geue alfo. s.part to the lower Afiragalus /tnd hit EdgeThelowefi edge that fiandeth Ipppon
Tlmthus jhalbe tn height half a part, the.4- partes anda half that remaine, fhalbe lefl for the
Trochilus inferior.TheTroieBure ofthe 'Flint hus, is before reher/ed,but becaufe this Torus
isfklenderer then that /he which Vitruuius fleaketh of, it bringeth a more bewtfulnes to ths
TroieBure, which can not be here exprefledasanyman of knowlaige willconfefle.
SC^TVS.

j Ton the bafeyoufi)al fit Scapus, marked with ^ being.y Diameters in height and
\ therto adding the fixte pa rt ofthe Diame'ter The which hdght of Scapus ye feall
^^ deuide into.ipartes l^pon the third parte make halfe a compas /hn deuide the thic*

jies of the pillor beneth into.fl.partes.i^.of thofe partes fhalbe the thiknesof the pillor orSca->
pus,atthetoppe,thatisbalfapart diminifled,one either fide of Scapus , from thence draws
downe right one both Jide s J)nto the third pa rte ofthepillo r ijpon the which is made the halfe
compas The whiche. z. lines maketb-i-crofies Ipppon the half compas ,T hen meafure from the
(rope downe~^ardes euen a longe by the fide ofthe halfe compas, that fiandetfj t>pon th third
parteof the pillor deuiding it inro.6.partes and drawe thefe lines ouerthwart the hafecom*
pasandmarkethe Ippper hne with.i.atidfo marke downe'^ar des the next with.i. and fo with
the refie asfolloweth. ^. 4. 5. 6. then deuide from the lowefl ofthe half compas Jjpwardcs Ijn*
to thetopp'e of the pillor lender the C^pit^ll,^fo into.6.partes drawing them ouerthwarte the
pdlor ii'ndtn^rke them alfo downewardes with.i.z. ^. 4. 5. 6. or deuide it into jo many parts,
asyoitwill , the moo /he better, '(y the parfaiBer you (hall diminifi^e your pdlor. Then Jhalye
begme after this maner Cr draw fro the flrike.z downwardes l^nto theflnke (ycrofle, which
!D.j, u drawin

Thechiefe Groundes
is drawen ouerthwarte the halfe compas ,dnd:salfqmarked'^thj:. and drawe alfo f^om the
firike.^y whic h ha thclfoa crofie made "Vpon the halfe copas /Irawing 1>p wardes Jmtgjfirike
markedwithj:^.the which is drawn ouerthwart the ptUor aboue ,'(sr jo drawe from.^-to.^.from
^. to ^. and from 6.to.6. The hue l)nder the Capitall /it the toppe of the pillor marked with. i.
from thence drawe with a rule downeward- s to the ende of the t>prighte line, which flaieth at
th ouerthwart linemarkcd.zx loflng lop the Jide ofthe pdlor, and from.z. Dnto ^, downewar*
des/mdalfofivm-iTrnto ^from.^.ljnto i^.andjrom.^.lpnto/i. Thenisthatfide full finijhed
andmadelppright. At the foote of Scapus ,ts a littell jmall edge, fianding Ipppon Torus whofe
height fi?albed)e ninthe part of Modulus^wherof his TroieBure fhalbe of like height. Aljo at
the toppe of d^e pdlor heth Afiragalus /ind his fillet bemg half jo high as the Afiragalus , is*
alfo aboue the Afiragalus js a Lttel Edge/he which hlongeth to the Capita l:The meafure of
his Aflragalus /ind his Edge, which belongeth ipnto Scapus JsfoUd out be the htelcopa s, which
is the eye of Voluta , whole niarke is. Xjf the pillor jhalbe garm fhed with Canalicoli therfijaU
he in number x ^.rounde about the pdlor or Scfipus, and euery ofthem deuide into ^.pa rtes. 4.
ofthofe partes is the bredth cf Canalicoli, and the fifth parte is for Stri^, which are alfo called
Femora, Theground plotte therof jlandeth be fid the pillor which ts marked'^ith.S.wheriny^
fnayfeeth maneror making of C^^alicoli , beingha,lf a compas inwardes, the wh.che,diffe*
reth far from the order ofDor/ca,as it appereth by yourground plotte.T hus endeth the ma*
ner and making of Scapus^ with his mefu res.
CATITAL.
. IreBly and ri^ht '\>pon th top of Scapus ,pu flail fet this Capitall following , whiche
\ s marked with.T. being in height the third part oja Diameter /he, bredth ofthe Abd
"cus matkedleith Vts a Diameter, <^ therto alfo adde ^ the eighteneth part of a D>ia*
mettr.That fame part deuide into.z.par tes Th which.zpartesfhalbe fet onepofteon eyther
fide ofthe Abacus /he whiche feal aide theTroieBures'fo done Abacus is the in bredth. 19.
partes, then t el from the Ipt ter mofl pa rt of Abacus inwardes,onepa rt and a ha Ife ofthofe. 19.
partes and there drawe a flrike doipne right perpendiculerly, asye maye perceue by jour fi^
gu.rchereexprejfed'^hche on hth fides of th C<ipitaH,drang^tha tine -^ithaplommetiai
eche ende.Thn deuide the hanging line from the htgh^ ofthe Abacus , downewardes int$
6.partes a and half ef fuche meajiireasis before teherfed/whrofthe height afy Abacus ts one
^S4 half pf the which rcmainethyet.^.part£s on the hanging line /he lohich partes fhalffrM^
for Voluta, mdrkedip.KiJr dm ft pa rtsfloalbe thus deuided, Betwixt the Abacus isr the 1st ell
yound Copas Jhalbe.^.part^ 0- baieth the lilelcopa ^ is.:^.partes and the compas itjelfisalfo.i.
partSthatpartphch is the ht die opasy e Jhal deuid his height into.6.partsT hen take a paire
4)fcompaJSes and fet th onepomBe ofdj e c ompafles m the toppe of the fmall compa s which I
haue marked with.i <is the other fate oj thecopajyejhalft ipponyline Imdertht Abacus ^
then turne the copipas.aboute is- drawe downewardes l^ito the lowefl of thoje.%partesbdoi>
ging to Voluta po)itdye come to th line wher at the plomet doth hang and thre fiay with that
pomB ofthecopa ^,iT brin^ the other pcinB ofthcopas downe iDpony lowefl flrike ofilttle c^
pasphich is ma rked it^.z. The turne upwards} lowefl poinB ofth copas Vntdye oome toy ha
giti-7 Cnie,-^hrye jhal fiaf The Other foteye (hlfetlppd the flrike marked, j beiiKr witU/iJ
la k cdpas.Thccopafling alout ^^y highefl part ofthe copas downwa rds Ipntdye che again tQ
' the hanging

of Architeaure. FoIio.X.
haging Une andfo remouethe highefl part ofthe compas fetting it on the flrike.^. within the
Ltle compas /ind drawe Ippwardes with the other poinBe ofthe copas Ipntillye come to the per*
pendtculer line,flaihg agame there /ind then fit the other foote ofthe compas right Ipppm th
flrike marked with.^.aTfo bemg within the litle compas /ind drawe downe wardes agamelpnto
the jbrfayde line, end fo jet th highefl poinB of the compas Ipppon the flrike markedwith. 6i
being aljo "^nhm the litle compas Then drawe -^ith the other poinB of the compas l^ptpdrdes
agam which doth indofl the litle compas. In the which copas may be made a rOje or fome other
flower.Thn jl)allye perceue that the Aflragalus , and hi s.z.edges are Iufifd)e height of th
Ltle compas ;^hich is the eye of Voluta, and then flail th height of Echinus be jL.of thofe parts
thatVoluia Teas made wtth, the which Echinus is markedwith T.alfo that ff>ace thai lieth
hetwen Echinus, isr Abacus fhalbep,.ofthoJeparts m height.So doneye hauey trewe height if)*
hredth ofyforfront <s- face ofthe Capital. h is alfo nedefullto know how to forme isrfacutn
the jide ofthe Capitall, Th maner iCrfacion therof fiandeth betwixt the.z.pdlers. The Aba*
cus, that Iteth l/von Voluta Js luji.^. jf tare feat like to a trencher /he TroieBure is as muche
as one of the.ip, partes on echeftdeofthe A bai us, from the whtchye fhall draw downe the.t.
fides 0 f Voluta, "^hic his S.of thofe partes /he. i.bdgesthatjtandoneche endeofthe^lkor
Folutajhalhaue.i part betipixt them both. Thetakeapaireofcopafle iir fet the one poinB of
the compas at the lowefl and inner parttjofthe litk edge marked with.i. and bring the ether
toincl ofthe compas into the imermofl comer ofthe other edge whcheis marked T^. z. drawe
' fromthemcdownt wardes to the figure ^.thenfet thepcinB againe in the place marked withzi
{ydra'^e'^tth the other pomB of the copas downe to this jigure.^.againe ,and it fhall make a
crofie jt>ppon that crofle Jet the one poinB of the compas, isr wtthyothr poinBofthe compas
draw from the flrike markedlv. i. 'i>nto the other finke marked with. Z (^ it my lie flew yoa
the diminijhing ofVoluta tn the middd , through iphtch dmiimfhingjou fhalperceue the erules
ofthe(^analiculi.Sodonethefideofthe Capitalfis twijefo bi oadeas it is tn height /heTroie-
Bureof Echinus /s hke and equall with the TroieBure ofI(egula at the foote of Scapus , and
fl ende theTroieBures /ind mejures of this Capitall alfo the. Antiques in diuers of their ed^
ficeSyhath made Echinus, to be tn TroieBure like Ipnto Abacut.
EflSTILIVM,
Ver theCafntator hedofthepilleryeflalfet Epifldium,or Architraue whoje marki
is Athe height therof jhalbe a Modulus /ind that height ye flail dettide mto. y.par*
tes , one of thojeye flail geue ynto Cymatium markedwith Bhts proieBure is like
'i>nto his hetght.The other.6.partesyeflal deuide into iz.partcsgeue ^. tmto the lowefl Fafcia
marked with Cgene.^.lfnto the fecond Fafcia marked"^ D.<Ly aljogeuetynto the third Fafcia
the.^.partes which remaineth , the lehtch is markedib E . lohofe TroieBure or hanging ouer
fhalbe nvht and Equall with the thicknes ofthe pdkr bynethe aboue the Bafe . Now lender*
fland that theTroieBure of thfez. highefi Fa jcias jhalbe fo muche as thepilleris diminijhed
t>pon the one fide lender the Capitall the "^huh is the twelfth partof the diameter , the which
partjoup?ail deuide into 9. partes, geue.^. ')>nto the highejl Fafcia, ma rked with E.for his
TroieBure /he other. ¦^.pa rtes jhal flrue for the TroieBure ofthe middk mofl Fafcia marked
'^itbiD.the lowefl Fajaa,findeth his owne TroieBure aj before is reherjed.
ID ij: xpphorisi.

The chicfc GroundcJ
ZOTHO%VS.
.TontheEpifliliUfye flail fet Zophorus yhlch is calledinour Ejigltfh tounge th
frizS- If any thingjhalbe therin grauen or cut /hen it oug ht ta bey jourth parth^hr
yj^j^ the the Epifitltu. If nothing thalbe wrought "^iny Frizs-thefhalyfrife be the fourth
parte fmaller dien the Epflilium fThen deuide the Fri^e marked'^tth F, into.j .paries ,one
fuch parte adde therto for Cymattum, marked"^ G. let hisTroieBure be aljo asmucheas his
height T hat donneye jhall begin with theCoronix,markedwithHJheli>hichisth hghlfl'
parte ofthe Trabeation.Ouer Qmattum , fhalbe fette Denticuli marked wkhA-. wh(jfejjetgh
jhalbe jo muchas the hdght ofth myddlemofl Fajcia , and his fillet to be thefixi part «/".j)&.
ticuli/indabouelDcntictdi ye jhall jette Corona markedwith K^ndthe height therof fhalbe
alfdhke "^nto the rhydell Fajcia That height deuide into.^^. partes ,ont of thofe.partetadmit
*i^nto Cymatium aboue Corona , theTroieBure oj the Denticuli and Corona ipitb Cymatium^
hangeth ouer jo much as thefnxf is in height^if the friz/be the four the pa rt drniimfhedST hus
tprifeth oure Author Vitruuius . Ouer Corona fiyalbe fet Sima parkedwith L.tfihofehe'ight
flalbe the eight part higher then Corona, with his Qf^'itiii O" hs Edge at the toppe tobethe
Sixte part of Sima added therto, theTroieBure to be likelpnto his high and foenddhth
meafures ofUntca .
I'lus haueye endidaty hie fi part ofTrabeationis whofe marke is H.%eguU
the edge of Sima marked L. Cymattumfyronapafked l^. add^douer tl)^
woma Mutdos ,0- his CipitafDenticuluspsrked I Zophorus pa rked.F
,j Cimatiu marked G.Ef IS IT LlVM marked J.CimatiTi marked B.Fafcia
.f rima parked C. Fafcia SecudamarkedD.Fafc'taTertta marked E.C ATI
*« T VL I/narkedT. Cymatium. Abacus, markedVFrons Voluta ,yttitrked
X- Jflragaks. C 0 L VMN A/jppon the pillor noted Scapus, marked T^ Apophigis Ju^e*
nor. Apophigis Inferior. B AS IS,markedM. Torus marked O.T^egtda, Scotia, Superior,
fnarkedT.^Zula ,AfiragalusTrrmus , Afiragalus Secundus marked Q^f^egula, Scotia,
Inferior f^^lalFlinthus , marked N. Coronix , marked C. ^egula.Qmattum marked H
Corona, mar ked 1.1{egula,fn the finijhed pdler is added Echinus f^gula Sima,marked I^
A firafralus marked L T^ula.\luadratum.Sejqutaltera. B AS I S ,ofthe pedefialk mar
ked B.T^gula , Qmattum inuerfa-addtdT^gula Afiragalus marked D.SnnaT^uerft mar'
kedE.%egula,TorrtluspArked.F.Tlintbus Tnmus marked G.Aflragalus,^egula,Tlir;
thus inferior being added Ifnto the Baje of the pedeflallforfo increafe his height
and alfofor an other purpos mofl neflefeary if the pillor fland on theground
andnoflepes lender the pedefiallm the which bodye ofthe
pedeflall is demonflrated Ichnographia, where
tn Ibegane andaljo makean ende

(HCO R Y NTHI A

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ir!xCYMAlfv

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TORVS l>fI'F-RIO£
— ^I'CVMiTlvM-
M .AsTR ACALVS-

jj_Dj Ct>l\71VM

"li-l • VllNT HVS

dm

OfArchlteaurc. FoIio^i.
FIE^E BEGINETH THE TILLOT^
that wasfounde in CorintJ>ia,by Callimachius the excellen t
ArchiteB of Cormthe .
|0 begtnne ivith theTedefialofCorinthia /ye Jhal enter thus , The fiat flone
or body ofthe Tedefialjhalbe a fquare ifp.z. third partes in hdght the which
ts marked with A. whofe heightye fi)al deuide into.y. partes /iddejuch apart
\ iPntotheBafe of theTedejlallparkedwith B/xnd afmuche for the Coro'
nix, wl?ofe marke is C. Then deuide the Bafe of the'Pedeftall marked lodh
^B.mto.-j. partes fjeue one l^nto Cymatium, marked with D. andvneli>nto
Aflragalus, with his^gula,Tnarkedwith E.Thengeue.%.lpntoSyma reuerfa marked with
F.withhis fillet fThengeue 07ie partlpntoTorus ,marked'^ithG.the other. z.partes admitte
Jfnto (he hivfyefi Tlmthus, markedwith H th TroieBure,of this Bafe ts like Ipnto his height
The other Tlinthus, is added therunto /he caufe wherof fi mencioned and declared before in
lonica fT he deuide Coronix, marked with C. into, lo^partes Geue'Ynto Cymatium aboue'mar*
kedwith.I.i^.partes ofthe whichhis fillet flallhaue.i.part Then admit alfo.z. partes toCof
rona parked with K^andalfo.z.parteslpnto Syma hidUs fillet or edge marked with L.th
other. z. pa Y tes geue Ipnto Cymatium with his edge marked with M and tj?e tenth parte admit
ipntoAflragulus ip- ^gula, mddiedwith N.lpnder Cymatium, the TroieBureyefhal make
likelpntothdr height lautngonelyC orona phiche ought to hange ouerz. third partes more
then his height the wh. ch is a haiidelmto the whole Coronix andfo endeth the meafures cy
TroieBures /heruntp belonging .
BASIS
lOwye fi?al finde the meafures of the thicknes of the pillor, which is the (Diameter jas
> doth fol lop, deuide the bredthe ofthe boddy e of the Tedefidlinto 6.partes ,wherofthe
*diameter or thicknes ofthe pdler fhalbe. ^.juch parts isry height ofthe piUor fhalbe
^.Diameters, wherof the Cdpitallfhal haue.i. (Diameter, for hs hdght ,<3' alfo the height of
the Bafe fhalbe halfe a Diameter /phich bafe is marktdlo 0 whofe heightye fhall deuide into.
^.partes wherof the Tlinthtts, marked with T. oaupieth.i.part.The other. -^.partes deuide into
^.parts.GeuelpntoTorus, aboue whichismarkedwithQ^.onepart,<CsrtheTorusfieneth fhalbe
J> forth part greater the the Torus aboue, O" is marked'^fith'J^t hat iphich remaineth hetipcn
th.z.Torus deuide into.z.partes, ofth highfl part ye fioall make Trochilus, marked withS.
wherof the Aflragalus,fha Ibe the fixte part, and his edge fhalbe half his height /he other edge
that Itethlpnder the highe Torusfhalbemheight the third parte more the the height of we
other edge.T he fecond part that remaineth is for thenethermofl Trochilus or Scotia , mar*
ked with T whofe Aflragali, fhall alfo be in height the fixte part of Trochilus , and his edge
fhalbe halfe his height, the other edge that Iteth on the net her mofl Torus, jha Ibe in height, i.
third partes ofthe height ofAfiragali/heTroieBure ofthis bafe is thus. If this pillor flande
iDppon any other pillor /hen jhall the TroieBure therof be like Ipnto y TroieBure ofy Baje of
lomca/ty if this piller fland ipppoygroUd ,or being dlone by himfdfthefi?althis TroieBure of
the Baje be likey TroieBure, of the Bafe of Dor tea, <jr thus endeth the Baje of Corinthia.
Ddiii Scapus.

Thechiefe Groundes
SCATVS.
Tm the Bafl or foote of the pillerye fhall fette Scapus, marked with V.-^hofi height
hi.j.Diametersandalalfi,whoflthicknesisdiminijhcdthefixtepartofthtoppeof
,.^^^Scapiis,ipponeither fidehalfaparteastsbeforejaydeypponthethirdpartofthe
hmh ofScapus ye jhallmake the half compas /hrough the which ye may finde a faire dmi*
ni fling as I haue jaid before m Thujcanaporica, and lonica .If this piller h garnfl^ed and
filled with Canahculi, and Striges , whiche Vitruuius calleth Femora, there fl?albezUi
imnhet rofinde about the pillor. The mejures ofthem I haue before reh rfedm the lonica, Ja*
umg onely from the third part ofthe pillor downewardes, Aflraguli h made and fet Ippright
round aboute the piller within the Cana licuh, the maner therof you Jha ll finde tn the ground
plot, the which fiandeth hre betwene the.z.pillers isr is marked wtthX TheTroieBure, of
Them doth anfwer iufily with the thicknes ofth pdlor :at the toppe of the piller fimlbe made
Aflragalus Kjr his edge, the which Jhalbf th twelfte parte of a Diameter in hetght.The Trg*
seBure therof is fomuche /is thepilleris dimmifhedon either fide /ind thus finijheth Scapus.
CATITAE.
F this Capitall, Vitruuius maketh mencion in his fourth bokeandflrfl chapiter
'ippon the [aid Scapus phic h is the body ofthepillerje fhal jet the Capital being
a Diameter m hc^ht,andis markedwith Y. that height deuide into.y partes /id»
_ \ mit one Ipnto Abacus /narked with A. the 'iohichpa rtyefl.ml deuide into.:} partes
geue J.ynto Cimatium and his edge /he other.z partes geue 'into Tlmthus, the other. 6. par*
tei that remained from the Abacus downewardes , deuide into.'^.partes geueonepart Ipnto th
p:>ortefl leaues andaljo one other to the height ofthe myddle leaues The third part is leftf)r
she height of Clauicuh,Vitruuius calleth It m thtmakinge ofthe Capitale of Imica,Volutji,
nndts in this Capitall marked with B. being that which goeth out oj Caults, and turneth toy
^Corners ofthe Abacus and they bent nomber. ^.rounde about the Capital, the which clojeth
togithr at the.^.corners ofthe Capitall/tlfo there be other fmaller, that are called Helices,
the which fpringe out ofthatlohichts the budde or Chides, andgrowe Ippwardes right Imder
the Abacus and haue but halfe the height of the othergredter Helices, or Volutas andalfo.%
ofthem be rounde about growingealfo.z.and.z.togithers Ipnder the.^ forefronts ofthe Aba'
luspuer the whiche flandeth the flower or ^fein the mydddl ofthe Abacus whofe hdght is
equall with the thiknes or height ofAbacu},betng.^. rofes or flowers in nober in the.4- frontes
ofthe Abacus A Ifo Ipnder the Abacus js a certaine fquare edge named Tenia, -^hoje height is
halfjomuch/is the Abacus is m height, his TroieBure anjwi-reth to the thicknes ofthe pillor
cr Scapus, benetlxthe "^hich is the Diameter , Concerning the othnS^roieBures ,thy beginne
thus.TheTroieBure of the. Abacus anfwer eth eris like Imtotf^e TroieBure oftheThnthus
ofthe Bafe or foote of the piller, and fatlkth ouer fome^hat more then the Tlinths.Noweto
hioiH how muche the Abacus hangeth ouer more then the Tlmthus ofthe Bafi ofthe pillor,
the whtchisjhwedin theground plotte named Ichnographia pid is marked'^ith C. '^htch
^roundels to h made thus . Make you <!¦ rounde compas bcmge ofthe thicknes ofth
!?dlsr'hsn make a fquare without tht compas and alfo m^ake another compas ,fo grate a;
maye

of Architedurc. FoIio.Xii
maye he, touch ng the. ^.corner, of the fay d fquare , a fo fet that copas Vtthin an other fquare^
touchmgethe.^-Ji' "^ ' " " " " "  " '
don ofthe Abacus

touchinge the.^-J'di s oJthegreatcombas.So done ipefimll come to the dghtground andfaf*
s/he which lieth on the Ipajse or bafket /hat Sioasfounde on the may dens tobf

in Corinth^, as before is reh- rfed Now letysfinijh and ende the ground plotte ofthe Capita^
That ff ace which ts left bitweney twofquares rtghte in the mydddl of one of the fides, deuyde
yoHtnto.'4-partesThen take a paire of compas , fetting the one poinB ofthe compas rightein
the C orner of the greate J'quare bemge markedwith. ^. and the other poinBe of the compas
bring "tmto the other corni r of that fqua re marked with.6.andfo drawe downewardes towar*
des.-]. then bring that poinBe of the compas ,l?ppe agayne and fet it in the place that it came
from , r.nd bringe downe the other pdnBe of the compas , Jr om.i^.lpn^o.-j. and there it fiiall
make a croJSe.Thenfet the poinB ofthf<ompas,tn the middes ofthe crofle and the other poinSl
oj the compa s fette Ipppon the fir ike bet wen th'c.i.fqu ares, the which is mark ed With . j. andfo
drawe with the compas from.} to i^andagaine from. :^.to.6.andl)j} all the other f des in lyke
maner , and fo thr ough itye jhall knowe the trewe TroieBure. Nowe to knowe whither this
vrounde be Ippnghte or not,yefi:a Ihnake a finke ouerthwarte thegreatejqi/are from corner
to corner , that line is named Diagonus , whofe marke is C. being in Icnglt.i. Diameters
So done is thegrounde plotte ofthis Capitall upright and trewe, the which bringeth with it,
his trewe TroieBure.Alfoye fJmllpercetue in this Coital, markedwith T. that jrdthe letter*
mofl of the Abacus , markedwith A.IS drawen a Itncby the fide of the Capital , downewardes
lento the Afiragalt/hat lieth Ipnder theCapitall, whofe TroieBure, is fo muche as the pillor is
dimmflyedontheone fide.T hen jhalltheTroieBure of the Volutaor greate Helices/narked
with 'B louche the line that is drawen by the fide ofthe Capitall The long leaues aljo Ipnder
fheVoluta , fiyall touche that bne andm lyke cafe the jhorte leaues.So done you haue your
right and parfaiBe grounde and the ttewe lyptighte meafures of ths Capitall widy all his
TroieBures. Touchinge this pillor that flandeth on the other fide , the whtche is Antique, it
flandeth, tn an Arch triumphale, whofe height is. 29. moderndles and. \^.mmutes, the kngth
of which die ,containeth .22. inches and a halfe. In Tantheon within Tome , anddtuers other
places in Italie are thefe pilkrsfoifndefianding tngoodefiate For ths cauje haue I fette this
Antique pdlor here hefide that ye fhould percetue thebeawtie whiche is in it, the whiche diffc*
rethlitrdl from the firfie inuention 0 f Vitruuius. The b^die of this faide pillor is garnifhed
with Canalicuii,<ts the nober ofthe is. z6. or i^.whofl Capital, ts a Diameter, in height hefide
the Abacus , and the Abacus added therto is the jeuenthparteofa Diameter, his height to
main taine: the Antiques affirme that theflrfle Author hath mente it thus the Capitall to be a,
Skiameter in height hefide the Abacus , the height therofis before rehrfedialfo afmuche as
they haue addedlpnto the Capitall, fomuche haue thy diminijhed of tht height of Scapus,
So that the pdlor remaineth yet. p. Diameters in hdght , yea and fome hath added the
Jeucnth parte therto.NeuertheUs it is beawd full that they haue made, dye other I do leaue to
the difrefciones ofthem whicht are or Wilbe maifler s in this wor the feience, of ArdyiteBure,
And thus finijhetl) the order ofthis CapitalL
J'llCHIT^A/E, FlilSB^ jiUiD CO'^NISHE

Thechiefe Groundes
-S* touching the Architraue frtfe,<s' C^^nifi) fiiloging to Corinthia ^itruuius , maketh
Inogfcat mencion therof ,Neuerthdes he doth defcrtbe the beginning of Mututt to he
\neceflarie in all Mullers to be made asye may percetue by th antique workes or buil*
idings.But this Architraue frifi,andCornifhe Jhalbe likelpnto that whiche was made for th
lonica Jput l>nto this Cornifhe/s added Echinus , marked with G. ftandmgbetwixt (Dentictdi
and Corona, being in height like l)nto the Ipndermofi Fafcia, marked wttlylD . the TroieBure
ofthe Cornifh/s increajcdfomiu he as Echinus is tn height alfo Jynto the Architraue is added
Ifnder the feconde Fdfcia , markedwith E. Afiragalus , being in height the eight parte
ofthatFafcid,make alfo that Aflragalus, to be in height the eight part ofthe highfl Fafcia,
marked with Fthc whiche Afiragalus, flalbe as it were certaine rounde beiyes and the other
Aflragalus /hat lieth lender the myddle Fafcia, jhalbe wrothonne like a wreathas concerning
the Frifejt is to be or den das before is mencioned in the meafures ofthe lonica, the proieBure
c f the fore faid Architraue, Is before reherfed in lonica.
Now it behoueth to make mention ojan other order andcomen rule that the antiques hereto*
.fore hauelpfedm their time of buildinges appertaining to the whole Trabeations of the Corin*
the /he meafures is as hereafter followeth.(Deuide the height of the pillor with the Bafe and
Qipitall/nto.^.partes , the which whole Trabeationes, fhalbe in height afinuch as.iof the.^-'
partes ofthe height ofthe pillor, and that height deuide into lo.partes jwherofye Jhatlgeue. ^.
"lynto the height ofEpflilium, the which We callAfchitraue, marked with.I.and alfo geue.^.
J>nto the height of Zophorus, which we caly frefe, marked With I^thole.^.which remdigne
^eue yntoy Cornifh,whichVuruuius called Coronices /narked with L.Cocerning thje.^. par
tes thataregeuen Ipnto Coronix , deuideyou into.z.par tes geue. i.lynto Cymatium marked "4.
M.dnd geue alfo i.parts into Echinus , with his edge whofe marke is N.and alfogeue z.fuch
parteslpnto Mutili, whtche is alfo named Modtgltons pith his Cymatium markedwith Oalfl
geue.Z, of thofe partes lynto Corona, and hit Cymatium, which is the forthepa rte of Corona, and
ts markedwithT^.and the other.z.l>artes geuetmto Syma,and his edge at the top whichis the
(iglytpart ofthe whole Syma, which is marked with Q^^he TroieBure. fhalh^s before is re*
Jyiojed faulty ondy that Mutdi Jhall hange ouer Jo farre asye maye conueniently not hyddM^e
orfladowing hisCymatium the which doth anjwere right to the TroieBure of Corona . Vitrtf
iiius declarethalfo the whok height ofthe Trabeationes, to he the fifthe part ofthe lenghtof
th pdlor /y Jo he writteth that it was made in That rum , whrofhe maketh mention in hs
fifth booke andfeuenth chapitt r,thts Trabeattone/s of that height the iplnche hejj>ake of and
is markedwith H. Now as touching the other fide that fiandeth ouer y garnifhed pillor, that
is alfo antique At is inrichcdbeawtifulbe hauinge in it Denticuli, Echinus , and, alfo Mutuli, th
which Vitruuius, doth not allowe faing in his forth booke and fecon IChttpiter/hat (Denticuli,
<ir Mutdi ought not to flande, or be made in one Corn Jhe or Corontx^sye mayperceue by the
other Corofuces for tha t which fiandeth in the myddes ha th Mutili, and Echinus pid hath not
0enticuh,aljo the other Coronices that flandeth ouer the Image hath m it 'Denticuli ,i^ Echi
nusjput not MutuliSo that which hath Mutili hath not Denticu h,and likt wije that, whiche
hath (Denticuli mufl not haue Mutili, So that both theft Coronices , haue their alteracio ye both
d>jerue theT^k of Vitruuius, To the third Coronix , that_ the antiques, haue deuijed in their
builSms

Of .Archiredure, Foliojfiil.
buildinges they haue add^dMuttlos or Denticulos acconding to their wilks isr hduegarnifiyed
,it mofl triumphantly /IS IS wamf^ in diuers of their doinges . For the whidythey ought tobe
conhndtd. For l^itruumsJfacth/^ Mutdi fhaib: a ncciji'ary thinge in all Coronices , and be
teacheth aljo /hat Dentii uiijhould he o feruedin lonn a . Jang tha t it may be juff. redtn Io*
ntca /t is neceflarye to be objeru ed m Corinthia , andis made in It.ilic to their commendation
andjamejwjyoleTroi'Bure therby doth more abound in bawtie. Thus ende the meafures and
the making'e ofConnthui .
iEuerthdiJSe I phinh itgood to make a brief rehefall,rctou >-ning to the place where
I began at, ^ aljo for that her is added diuers thinges p the.^. chaunges ofy Trabea*
— _ — ftonsiningdfh called architraue fije , and Cornijhe /he firfl andhgefiis T^gula
Sima marked-Q^^Cmatium Corona mar kedT. Cymatium MutihmarkedO.'I{cguld Echinus
marked G. Aflragalus er Ajyophges (Denticuli Cymatium marked M Z OTHO TVS
marked K^ETISTYLl VM marked I Cymatium FaJcia marked F. with his Aflraga*
lus.Fafciafecunda marked E. Aflragalus Fafcia tertia.markedD.CAT' IT VL I marked
T .Abacus marked A- Flos Voluta Maiores marked B. Voluta Mtnores. Folia Minor^e . Cau*
lis Folia media.Folia ma,C 0 L VM N A marked V Afiragalus Apophigis Superior et. in*
ferior.B AS IS markidO. Torus Superior marked Q^^^<^ula, Scotia fuperior. markedS»
T^egula AflragalusTrimus,Aflragalus Secundus T^ula, Trochilus marked T. T^ula,
Torus inferior marked%. Tlmthus marked T.STILOBjiT A , Coronicis marked
C. Cymatium marked I . Corona marked K^ Sima marked L. Cymatium marked M*
Aflragalus et Apophigis marked N. Quadratum Troportionis Juper Biparttentis
Tertia marked A. B AS I S. to the jame marked B. Cymatium Teiarja marked
(D. Afiragalus marked E.Sima Tj^uerfa marked F.Torulus markedG.
Tlinthus marked H. Afiragalus ctT^gula, Tlinthus inferior j,
lafl of all ICHN0G\ATHIA theground
plotte and foundation where with this Worke
began and a Ifo endeth.

E.j.

^ C OM P O S I T A

OfArcLitcaurc. I^oliaxiiii.
^COMfOSITA Oil ITALIC A THE T^IiJVMTHJNT
pillor, demfed by the ^manes,andfetcheth ids compoundes out
of all the other before reherfed and written .
His pillor nanied Compofita fhalbe.io. Diameters in height, the iphich DyA^
meters are drawen ouerthwart the pillor, whereof the CapitalL is a wholk
Dyameter in height, and Spira or Bafe is halfe a Diameter in height. Nou?
as concerniugym({ajiires ofthe Tedeflat /he bredth bfth fquarejlone which
is the bodye ofthe Tedeflall fiyalbe doubled m the height', which Thilander
nameth the quadrante ofthe double proporlio which is marked ip'ith A whofe
hdght fhalbe denidedinto.^.paftes , one juche part ye jhall adde to the 'high of his Qoronix,
markedwith B.ajmtiche pujlyalladde lynto his Baje markedwith C the other meafures
therin belonging jhalbe as before is reherjed m the Coyinthta ,but inthis Baje is added Cyma^
tium which lieth betwene Aflragalus j^r the fquare ofthe pedeflalLAlfo Coronix is to be made
as before is rdye rfed in Corinthia, but that in this /hey haue added (Dendculo s/he tphich lie he*
twene Cymatium and Echinus, thr oughe the which it mountethtoa fortber TroieBure, the.
which the Tomaynes haue done for the more pleafure ofth eye . As touchinge the bodye ofthe
Tedejt all they haue gamifl edit beautifully after diuers fortes as by t he jcfiVifhed figures je
maye perceiue.Nowe as the other Tedefialles before mencionedyWere parted and deuided into
fo many par tes as the pillors were Diameters in hdght, fo is this Tedeflall lo. partes in height
of the which, the Bafe occupkthth lowe ft part, which is markedwith C. A Ifo y double fquare
occupieth eight partes to his height, er the tenth part is admitted to Coronix , markedwith Bt
BASIS or STITiA.
Ight anddireBely Ippon the middell of the Tedefiall fhalbe fet Spira or th Baft
ofth pillor markedwith D. whofe hdght fl?albe a Modulus, or halfe the thiknes^
ofth pillor ,y whichhdghtye Jhal deuidinto.6.partesgeHe one pdrtlpnto Torus
 aboue markedwith E.ji other.^,partcsfi:albe deuided into.^ partesgeue one part
ynto Tlmthus'markvdwith F. the othcr.z.partesyou fhall deuide imonpdrtes wherof ye jhal
geue.^.t>artes t>nto Torus the lower markedwith G.geue alfo.i.fjartes to the two Aftrdgall
with their ^le j/hofe marke is. FI. the which edge or rcgula ,is in hdght y one halfofi.Ajtra*
fralus ,iT€ue aljo.i partelynto that, which is marked with I. fome name it Echinus, but the gar*
nifhing therofis not like Echinus , iphich lieth Ipndcr the higher Torus, who fi edge fhalbe half
apart.So that the highefi Torus, er Scotia, marked with /( (the which /grekes call Troche*
lon)be'^erynighofQnehdght.TheTroicBHrci of ths ^afe areas before is rd^crfed in Co*
rinthia, SCJTVS.
• He ho3y ofy pillor pyalhc .% k Diameters in height y which are drawen ouerthwart
the pillor. Now as touching the diminifhingoj the pillor aboue ye fhall begin thus
 'i>ppon the third (Diameter thereye fhal trie the mtddk ofthe pillor Ipnder theCapi*
talThen deuid th thicknes ofyour pillorinto.&partes thatis.^.on echefide ofy middk ofthe
piiloi- and,^e Jhall Jette.^.fuche partes for the thicknes of the pillor lender the Capitall,
* E.u. which

The chiefe Groundes
which fiyalbe.l.and a halfe on echefide of the pillors niyddd,from the which thiknes of thep'^
lor Ipnder thCcipit (ill drawe both the fides downeWardes perpendiculerly yppon the thirde
Skiameter wheronye flail make a half cyrclejogreate asitmayebe within the (Diameter ^r
thiknes of the pillor and it fhall make^ on echefide a croj^e ouer the perpendiculer linepeafure
from th crofles downewardes euen l)pon the flrike ofthe halfcyrck or comfms to the ouerth*
wart fit rike Ippon the third Diameter er demde it into.6. par tes,making.6. lines crofting ouer
th halfcyrck. Andye fhall begin to drawe from the line marked.z.in the halfe cyrcle Ipnto the
ouerthwart line at the toppe of the pillor marked with.z.and aljo from th line ofthe halfe cyr*
ck.-^. drawe Ippwardes perpendiculerly to the ouerthwarte flrike marked with.:^.and fo drawe
Ippwardes from, ^.to thoucrthwarte linemarked.^-andfofrom.^.to.^. and alfoperpendicu*
lerly drawe from.6.to.6,T hen take a rule arid drawe from DiameterlpntoDiameter downe*
wardes /loflng Ippjfide ofthe pillor asyou may perceue by you r figure for I haue drawen er
clofed the one fide of the pdlor , and the other fide I haue lefte open that ye fhould plainely per*
ceiue the working therof /he height ofthe (Diameter, Ipnder the C'^pd all. ye fhall deuide into
iz.partes the higefi part jhalbe deuided into^ efiall partes pherojye jhal geue.z.lpnto Aflra*
galus parked With L .and the third part flalbe geuen to the edge or Senta, which is marked
with. M. Alfo an other title fquare edge, winch lieth Ippon the Bafe being at the lowefl parte of
Scapus flyalbe inhetght likelpnto Aflragalus , at the top of Scapus. Concerningthe garni flying
ofthe body of the pillor or Scapus , which oure authour calleth C^n^huli andStriges , the anti*
ques haue deuijed fo many Jundry fortes ,that herin the beawtye of them cannot be exprej^ed.
But amonge a ll other in Tantheon, is a pillor thus deuided.Ther be C'inaliculi,roundabought
thepillor.z4-in number, and eache ofthem is deuided into 9. partes, ofthe whiche partes.^, is
geuen lynto that, whiche oure author e nameth St ryges , "ppon the which are made fpright in
the middk therof Afiragakphofe bredthe is.i. ofthofi.^ partes, the other 3,. partes are lefte
for Stryges.So that Ipfw eache fide ofthe .Ajlragclt,is left one part The vther.^.pa rtes are left
for C'^naliculi/h which are hollows inwardes. There is an other pillor , the which flandeth
in Bafilta delforo tranfitorio, in 'I^me/he which is made much after onefajhign but that the
ArchiteB hath made htsCanahulijomwhat biggar or largar.Andthat meafure is thus.The
pillor rounde nbout Jhalbe deuided into.z%.or.p..partes The occafion wherfore the number of
thofe doth differ, IS for theplacinge ofithi pillor Jlandmg farre or nighe lynto the eye, for if this
piller fiande farre from the eye/there fiyalbe in number.z^ andat the mofl but.z6.Andifthe
pillor flandeth nigh Ipnto the eye,there fhalbe in number.zS-or.^o.and at the mofle , they made
^.rounde about the pillor. Nowe eche of thfe partes fiyalbe deuided tnto.-^ partes , let.z.of thofe'
partes be geuen to Canaliculi/he thirde parteyefhal deuide into.^- partes wherofgeue.i lynto
Aflragalus , and the cther.z.that remaine geuelpnto theStrigeus, thatflande on echefide of
the Aflragalus /he bredthe of eche ofthem isapartc/isye may per ceiue by this Ichnographia
the whiche figure is and flandeth here betwene your z. pillors being your parfaiBe o round of
the bodyf ofthe ptlkr or Scapus, whiche is markedwith N. Thus finiflyinge the meafures /he
TroieBures Jhalbe as isbejore declared in making ofthe other pillors.

CJ^ITAL.

Of Architcdure. Folio. xV:
Nthe toppe of Scapus, or pdlor jhalbe frtt the Capitall, whofi hdght fhalk a (Diof ,
meter /n the which Capitall Abacus With his long andfhorte leaues, and his Caules
'i out of ihe which jpring thefmalkr Helices, be a portion taken from Corinthia. Alfo
^^ they haue brought to pas in this Capitall, Voluta and Echinus and Aflragalus, Wdh
his rule, which is andareportiones of lonica- The yneajures ofthis C apital are thus. From the
pillor Ippuifirdes to the toppe ofthe Capitall, that is marked with O.whoje height is a Didmetef
Jhalbe deuided into. -J partes, wl)erof one fiyalbe ge^en to .Abacus , lieng at the toppe ofthe Cd'
pit all, which is markedwith T.the which partes, jome ArchiteBes haue added to the high of
the Capitalljo that they haue made it tobe tn height a Diameter^ and the feuentb parte of a
(Diameter, as before is reherj^edm theCapitall oj Corinthia, but /o muche as theyhautadded
to the height ofthe Capital, fomuche haue they abated from the height ofScapus.Nowe ofthe
forfaid.j.partes ,doo remaygneyet 6. the which Jhalbe reduced into.ipartes, the one jhalbe ge*
mn Ipnto ibe Jhorte leaues for their hetglyt, the fecond part fiyalbe added Ipnto the height ofthe
wyddle learns, and ihe third part IpntoVoluta parked with Q^s for the height of Echinus,
marked widy T^ fioalbe founde in the mdkttige ofVoluta,as before is mencioned in lonica . The
TroieBuretof this Abacus , whofe marke isT.fhalbe euen fomuche as is the TroieBure ofthe
Tlmthus, the which is the lowefl parte ofthe Bafes. ofth pillor euen as tt is before fatde jn the
rrroundplot of Corinthia, This done drawe from the Iptter mofle ofthe Abacus , downewar*
des along by theflde ofthe Capitall, Ipnto the lyttermofl ofthe Aflragali Itenge l^ider the Ca*
pitall,whoJeTroicBure , jhalbe fo muche as it is in height This done )0u flail caufe Voluta to
touche the flrike thatyou haue drawen by the flde ofthe C<ipddll, and aljo the mydddl and
longe leaues Ipnder Voluta, fi^allhaue their TroieBure to touche that line, and alfo thefhorts
leaues jhall touche thefame.This doneye haUe the ttue meafures and proteBures ofthis Ca
pitalljbut there be diuerfe other beawtifull Capitalls fielonging to this pillor whiche hereajtet
more plainly e Jhall appere » EflSTILIVM.
I He height ofthis Epiflilium,or Architraue markedwith.S. flalbe the thiknes ofth
i pillor abouelPnder the Ctipitdll, but if this pillor fhall fiande nighe Ipnto th eye then
^  i tnake the height therof, as before is reherfed in the other pillors, which height fhalbe
deuided into.j parts wherof one ftyalbe geuen Ipnto Cimatiii marked with T.the other. 6.parts,
deuidedinto. iz.partes ,geue.-^.ofthm to the firfie Fajcia , marked with V. alfogeue. 4- to the
fecond Fafcia,marked with Xandgeue ^. Ipntothe third Fa fiia, marked with I.lpnderths
fecond and thtrdFafcta Jhalbe added Aflragali with Apophigis, to thgarnijhng therof the
TroieBures, andmeajures fhalbe as is before reherfed in Corinthia.Vpon the Efyfltliii^eflya/l
feteZophorus or Frefemarked A. whrin Mutift doth fland being in height like toEptfliliu,
theMutili Jhall fiande right ouer the pillor, their bredth fhdlbe tfyefifte parte lefle then the
thicknis is of the pillor Ipnder the (^apital, and they he marked with B. whoje height fhalbe de*
aided into. 6. par tes, Cimatium occupieth fomuche as one ofthe.S.partes added for that whichf
is the Capitall 'iynto the Mutih,er is markedwith C. theflace betwene the. z.Mutili fhalbe fo*
tnuche,as twy fe the bredth of Mutili, theTroieBures ofMutilos fiyalbe afmuche as the wholle
Mutilt is in height. Js touching the (oromces/he one fide dijffer eth from the other jboth being
EJtf. Jdjrs

The chiefcGroundfes
fayre/ake ofthem which pleafe^h yourmynde hefl , their heightes fiyalbe like yntoy height o^
Mutilos. Thenye Jhall deuide that fide ouer the pillor into. j. partes. Geue.^. "tmto Corona,
rnai-ked with (D.alfogeue.z.lynto Cy}natiiim, marked with E.thefeuenth parte is leftefor
Supercdium or ^egula parked wiih F. The TroieBure therof Jhalbe lyke their heightes the
other fide of the Coronix , ouer, y maiden whichis marked with G.jhalbe deuided into.z.equa I
fart^s/he lowefi parte fhalbegeueh Ipnto Corona , the feconde parte fiyalbe deuidedinto. ^.
partes ,geue one Ipnto tht with his edge which is like to tchinus^eue.-^.lynto Cimatiii.
and the fifthe parte ^etie lynto Supercilium.ThTroieBures ofMutiluswitb
the Cotonix j'hlbe fomuche as they be both in height, MutHusfiandincr
in Zophorus, the antiques haue deuifed for a commoditie and a
beawtie to their edifices. But the cauje why they were fette in.
Zophorus with diuers other monuments therto belon*
ging herafter Jhalbe declared as time fhall ferue.
Ths haue Ifinifihedfor ths time the figures,
garuiflyementcs , and meafures ,of thefe
fiuepdkres be for effect fied.

Of Atchitec^ure. Folio.xrl
fOF JN OTHE\ AVTENTII{E TILLET^JNO J
nefcefiarie Companion to the before named pillers made by the Athenie ns
to his perfeBion named ATTIC VT^ A .

"3-

ATICA-

8

B-

FthispilkrTlmius mahth reherfalland ashe/ail^>
ts a corner pillor, being foure jqua re/phofe (Diameter
marked with A. {faith heys like Ipntothe roiid fillers j
which heflandeth by but my Diagonall line marked
B.he is thicker then th rounde pillers. It is thatpiP^er
tphich Vitruuiusnameth Atticurga or Jttica,made
by,/ Atheniens ,tlye which natio lyfedalfoy mefures-ofCor'mthiu in their
pdler s.So that the C apital ofthis for ejaide ptlkr , is much like to} Capitd
ofCorinthia.TheSpira,orBafi ofthefaide Attica, wherwith alfo they
tifedtogamiJhCormthia,Vttruuius,alfo,witneJ^ethoffucheapillor,decka rin^ and Jaith, that Spirdatticafiyould be like lynto Sfura or Bafe lonica.
Thus haueyou all the maner and meafures of pillers that dnye notable
matflersofArchiteBure ot Aitthours therof haue written . Attn order
dofollowe. Tujcand conteineth in height . 6. Diameters S)orica.ji
(D tameters in height . Ionica.% Diameters in hdght, Corinthia.^. (Didi
meters in height, and Compoflta, contaigneth .io.Diameters Hi hdght ,
Noive ofthis for fayde pillor Jtticurga, I finde no mencion made of his
height. But of the multitude of his Canahculi, whiche Be y. on either fide
of the pillor. And as touchinge his height , wherof M mention is made fit is
to be thought that he mufl bear e fuche height as the refi ofthe pillors for
Vitruuius Jaith that f highefi pdlor pafleth not.io (Diameters, in height
fo that his height maybe agreabletothe height ofthofe round pillors dyaS
are loynedwith him,whitlyer they be Compofita or Corinthia ,which In^
fife haue fen e in T^me in thearke triumphant ofSeuerus, beings
oined with Compojita, alfo inTantheon where bis three fides

plainely are fene, the fourth ftandingm the Wal, the Capital
and baje a Ike to th round piUers,wherwith hefladeth
bemg CorinthiaTheTroieBure of his bafe was like
ynto Spira attica/he which is halfe a Mo*
dulus /neither fide ofthe Bafe, the
which Vitruuius more plainly
at large dedareth.

/

Thechiefe Groundes
^THE CHAVNGE OF THE FIVE TILLET(S 0%DE%Lr
to be Ipfed eche ofthem in hiskynde whiche order of buildinges be named of Vitrunms
asfnUowetbTlcnOSTTLOS, SISTYLOS, DiASTYLOS
J^W STYLOS, EVST YL OS, whofi piBurts injew.dy
dcvionfi rated m order.
Oweforfomucheas I haue reherfed the beginning and the Injiitution ofthis arte
ofArchiteBure, naming the Writers andaudyors ofthefaiifcience , and dec la*
red dye metfuresgeometrycall therto belon^tngm their fimetries/puh all their
gannfhementes :it is ther fire alfo requ-fit to reher fi andto ktyou lynderftand
by iphat meanes the order ofthe before named ptlkr s fiyalbe altered in'thir flan*
ding,adding, or abating to orfro,euiryofthem accordm^ly as thy fiyalbe placed,by whtche
knowledge or like knowledges ma>y may come te th righteperfeBiojlppon whiche occafion tt
fhalbe declared what mention Vitriiu usdothwakein the third hoke and fecond C hapiter eP"
alfo theopinion ofSebaflianus-Serbus and otherypon thejame ,hwfarand hwnerethe pil»
lers fhalbe fet a furider Saying tht this order ofTicnoflylos ought thus to be made /hat whkh
isthfjace htwene the.z.pillers fiyalbe a Diameter anda hlfe the pdkr behtgin hdght.tOi
Diameters.SiJ}yhs is that which hath.zDiameters betwixt the.z ptlkrs, whofi height flalbe
^.Diameters anda halfe.Dtaflylos Jhall tlmsh made,the pillers fiyall fiand.^.Diarnettrs one
from another , whofe height Jhalbe.S^Diameters anda halfe.Ariofiylos is that, which bat hthe
Jfaceor bredtJy betwene the pillers. 4.5. or.'6.Diameters,andiitthefurdeJl.y.7)iameters,the
whiche pillers comonly are. 8 Diameters in height : but in the Euflylos the authors differ Jhe
cne faith that his meafure is like Diaflyli, and the other jaith that it ought to be like Siflyli,
andfo becaufe Diaflyh is .%. Diameters anda halfe and Siflyli. p. anda fialfe. therfore ou re
authoure hath made betwene them both an lPmformity,and caujeth Eufiylos tobe. p. Diame*
ters in heigh . This done Ano fiyli is. 8- Diameters tn hdght .D'uijlyli. g. Diameters hnd a
halfe, Euflylos cy.Dianiet ers. Sijlyli.p anda halfe, andTicnoJtylt.io.Diameters. Islowe like as
Tufcana ^Dorica .fonica ,C ormthia , er (ompofita , increafe rhdr heightes by Diameters, jo do
thefe ^. here before reherfed increafe tijeir heightes by Modulus or half (Diameters, and you
fhalaljogarnijh iiS'falhion them according to their kngthes,as I haue by their len^ht fJyewed
he for): their fimilitude andflrength , whicheyoujhallfeeandperceiuemorepUindyin thede*
monj: rations folio winge. AT^EOSTYLOS.
Egmning with tjyisfiffi being Areofiylos,as Ce*
fa rianusfaieth, ought to be m height.%. Diame*
iers, and tbedijlaunce betwene thei. pillors to be
4. 5. or. 6. Diameters as is before reher fid, whiche ptlkr
forhisfirength is liknedor tobefembledlyntoTufiand
necefiaryfor all fiyundations and fortifications both to
jithflande great forfe,erfupporte wdyghtkburdens,as
y maifler builder can Ipfe htm phich is to be fene in diuers
places in Italie /ailing it ^uflicke or^ghe hewed flone,
and in other places to beotherwije^armjhed.

lAREOSrYLCSi'fl^

S^

OfArchite<^urc.

i^oh'

o.xvii.

DIASTYLOS.
He fecond order as I haue placed it/s that
whiche Vttruuius calleth Diaflylos', whofe
heigh (filth he)!^: 8 Diameters and a halfe,
[and the diflaunce betwene the.z.pillers ought
to be.^.Diametersor.^. at yfurdefi.whtch pdlor is likned
lynto Dorica made to hs perfeBion m thtepk of Mars.
which alfo is a pdler togarnijhe cyties andgatesfomwhat
pkafauntandftronge as is to be fene in diuers places, as
alfogates ofpallaces with the lytter galleries.

EVSTYLOS.
He third order IS that whiche Vitruuius
calleth Euflylos, the whiche oure Author
I hathbroughtto a Ipmformity, faying the
piller to be tn height.^. Diameters, er the diJtaUce
hetwen the.z.ptllers to be.z.Dnfneters er a quar*
ter /IS GulihelineThilander afflrmethjbutat the
furdefl. z.Diameters anda halfe or.^.which piller
ts likned Ipnto lontca budded tohis parfeBion in
th tepk of Diana er Apollo cr to belyfedin ma
ny meane edifices to begarniflyed accorfinglye .
SISTYLOS.
I He fourth order ts that whiche Vitruuius cat*
' leth Sifly los, whofeheight (faith he /s).g.diame
ters anda half ;^hofi pdlers flandeth dtflant
one from the other.z. Diameters /ir.z. and a
halfe at thefourdefl and after this maner it was made
in the tempk of Fortune, which piller ts likned tmto Co*
nnthia, whofi meafures areflerider erferueth togarnifh
princes pallacef and for diuers other thinges necej^arye
whiche multitude nedeth not to be reherfed Jbut as time
fioall ferue they maye be praBifed and brought in lyre to
diuers Iffes mofl neceJJane.

F.J.

Thechiefe Groundes
TICNOSTJLOS. He firfl er lafl order is that whichVitiuutus,
calkthTicnoJljilos whofe height fakth he is.io
Diameters whofe pillers flandeth dtflant fro
echeothera Diameter, erahalf€or.%.aty fur
defer thus wasitmade in the tepk of Venus which piller
isfemhkdor to he comparedOynto Compofita hduing in it
the full beawtie of althe for jaide meafures dndg^rnijh*
ments for al excellent artificers, hawtifully tofetfurth
whether it beingoldeorfiluer or other richefione or fine
¦^oodcs tnmarketrey orimbopnge orcaruing as Jhalbe
thought pkajatit er necefiaryfor nobker mighty prices
orfordiucrs'other e fates louers of excellency or coninge*
fAN OTHEdl <I{FLE GEVEN BYVlTT^VVlVS
flrtheje three orders of pillers Dorica, lonica,
Cmnthia/o be lyfed as folotiyith.
Owifyou will begin with the order of Dorica ,jdu fiyall deuide his height with
the Baje and Capitall into. i^. partes, one of thoj'e partes fiyalbe the heigfyt ofthe ,
Bafeand afmuche lynto the height ofthe Qipitalphiche fiyalh the Modulus of
^  ,Sthe worke If it fiatbc the order of ionica,pu Jhall deuide the height of Scapus,
with the Bafe andCapitallinto.%. partes anda halfvpid one ofthofe partes fhdlbe the Dia*
meter ofthe -^hok worke, whoje Bafe Jhalbe a Modulus in height, his Capital jhalbe as before
is rdyerjedin lonica. alfo if you Will make an order of Corinthia, ye fhall make it as I haue nowr
reherfed ofthis lafle piller, fauing onely that in thejlede of the Capitall of lonica ^ye fhall Jet
the C^P'f^i^ of Corinthia,which IS a dyameter tnheight.Nowyefhalllynderfland that Vitru*
iiius doth not will Dorica Jionica, and Corirfthia/ojtande one lypon an other but he willeth the
iidifice to be all ofDmca, or/Is all of lonica, or all of Corinthia , and they to flande one lyppon
an other ^Iway dminijh'mge^Jo that the higher they fland, tht leper orfkknderet they mufle
I?e,for/ishejaieth,a tree is no u^herefo greate, as at the ground, arid fogroweth fmaller a nd
fmaUer Ippwardes lynto the toppe, likewyfe,he ipilleth the lowefi pillor to beflrongefl made >
pon the meafure, a r before is Jay d, and the fecond pillor /hatflandeth ouer him , both in height
and bredthe fiydfi diminif he hisfourrheparte.Jndhis Architraue!, firefe or Cornifh fhalbe iri
heigth the fiueth parte ofthe height of that piller , and fo fettinge the one lypon the other, dimi*
ntjfyingeajter tht: fayde order. Some ofthe andquesaforfaid haue obferued thefe orders and
miafures,as Scbaftianus,doth witnef^e in his third boke and fourth Capiter that there
are many edifices ofthe antiques wJyerin allthe orders of thefe fillers haue
hne fette one lyppon an other: garnifhing them accordingly e as it is
jet to be fene in the Amphitiatrum named Co HoJIeum in
Q^ome whofe excellent and praife Worthy doing
Jhalbe more plainely fette
fourth hereafter i.

OfArchiteaurt. Fo!io.xviii
fHE^n IS AN OTHE% NECESSJ^tB
^le appointed ofVttruuius for the dtm'tnifhing of
Scopus, lynder the Capitall by the increajing
of his height i
Itruuius, in hh thifd booke and thir d Chapiter, fainth thus
ifScdp)isamountein heighte frOrh.l^. fote lynto.zo. th Dia
meter is to be deuided mt 0.6. par tes er a Jyalfe,erS thichyes
'ofthe pillorlynder the Cdpitall,flalbe.^.and a halfe. And if Scapus,
4mountefrom.zo.lynto.^Q.foote then fiyall the Diameter ie deuided
into.y.partes, wherof 6. partes Jhalbe th thtcknes of the pillor lyn*
de'rthe Capitajl andfo augmenting and diminiflying after.this order
Ipntjll Scapus /fit were poflibte ^fiyoulde dmounteto the number of
uo.foote whichis the ende ofdyis tdbk that flandeth here hefide
•wherinye maye percetue in euety. 10. foote increajlin^e in height doth
pew the thicknes of Scapus lynder thCjipttalffo that the
Uo.foote in hdghtof Scapus , the Diameter tobe
deuidedinto ih partes, thn fiyalbe the
thtcknes ofScapus , lynder the Ca'
pttall.io.ofthofe.u.partes,erj6 furth ifnede flail require,
^.AU OTHETl EXAMTLE TO BR
ohferuedlyery necefiaryfor the maifler builder or ArchiteBe
that is for theinlarging ofthe Epifiilium, when the
pdlor amounteth to certaine heightes.
ttrtmins in the latter ende of his tirdboke declaring when
the pdkr that is tofaye Bafe Scapus, andCapitallamoun*
t eth from.\>y foot e to.zo.fote in height /hen fhal the hdght
Kfthe wholk pillor' be deuided into.z.par tes, on fuch apart
fhalbe th high ofthe Epifliltum,alfo if the pillor do increafe from
2o.t0^^ fote thenjhall the piller be deuidedinto a partes anda half
wherof the height ofthe Epifltlium.flalloccnpie one fuche part , alfo
if the piller furmount fro.z^ to.^o. the height ofth pillor mufl be de*
\ uidedinto.n partes wherof the height ofthe Epiflilmm,flydll occupie
^ onefuch part er fo forth as the colume tncreafeth in hightfo incred*
\feth the height of Epifldmm, as inthis iabk is euidenly difcufied the
encreafingfrom.x^.to.66 foote increajedby.^ at ones the whiche ptl*
lor of.6o.foote in height fiyalbedtuided'tnto.cf.partesphere oj the E*
pifliliii occupieth for his height onefuch part, andjopaf^ing forward
as necef^itiejhallrequyre m order as is bej'orc mencioned.
f.y. Ther hi

Thechiefe Groundes
Tfyerh alfo diuers other orders of meajures and example thdt tjye Antiques alwayes lyfedm
*hir times, which fiyoulde be to tedious jor the hearer, and to long for the Trader, hauing nofii
gures out ofthe whiche flringeth both dejire andaljo encouragment to thefame.Thus^ ending
this treatie of the IntrcduBton and meajures of thefe for fayd pillers ^whiche are the original
firfi grounds and ent ring mto this noble jcience of ArchiteBure JyraBifed anddlowed by ruht
piighty andwoi thye potentates, and Emperours for perpetuall memory e of their iPiBorious
and triumphant feates /he Elegance thcrofofallantfquitie hath bene and yet prcfentely is as
aparfaiBe example and a myrroure to behold, krne and take trewe meafui es , afwell to
all fuche, as aeli^ht in durable Edifices and buildinges ,as alfo to all noble pdrjona^js
and ArchiteBures , whiche do or fiiall take pkajure to ereBeer builde the like
to any beawte atidpi rfeBion accordmge to the deufe andnyndes ofthe for*
JaidAuthoiin Vitruuius , and Sebafiianus Serlius/o whom Ipndoubtrdly,
the praife andcomendation is chiefiy to be attrybutedandgeu n.I
jubmyt my trauel, lynto allother that in any parte be or fhalbe of
more parfaiB erdeper karninge , knowledge and experience,
a nd of like Well wyllivg aficBion , wherwtht
I do offer this my poore atemptes
and final trauaiks.
flMTT^INT ED AT LONDON IN
Fktefirete nere to SainB DunUans church by
Thomas Marjhe.

HUDSON AND KEARNS, LTD.
PRINTERS, LONDON, S.E.

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