C&ITICAL NOTES
ON THE
Old Testament: Wherein
The prefent Hebrew TEXT is explained, and
in many places amended from the ancient
Verfions, more particularly from
that of the LXXII.
Drawn up in the Order the feveral BOOKS were
written, or may moft conveniently be read.
To which is prefix'd,
A large Introduction, adjufting the Authority of the
Masoretic Bible, and vindicating it from the Objections
_of Mr. WHISTON, and the AUTHOR of the
Grounds and Reafons of the Chriflian Religion.

By the late learned William Wall, D. D
Author of the Hiftory- of Infant Baptifm.
Now firft publifh'd from his Original Manufcript."
-*- ¦!.! 1 I I I ~ ¦ ' - ¦¦- ~ ¦ —  ' - '  '  II
VOL. II.

LONDON:
printed for C. Davi s, in Pater-nofter Row.
M.DCC.XXXIV.

THE
CONTENTS
YySalms Page i
Proverbs 37
Eccleftaftes 53
Jonah $6
Joel 58
Hofea £z

Amos

70

lfaiah j6
Micah 122
Nahum 125
Zephaniah 128
Habakkuk 131
Jeremiah 136
Lamentations 166
Ezekiel 1 68
Daniel 209
Obadiab 239
Haggai 240
Zechariah 242
Malachy 254 •
jBzra 256
Nehemiah 274
1 Chronicles 29a
2 Chronicles 317

ERRATA.

ERRATA.
PAGE g. 1. n. r. and my feet. ibid. I. 2g. for there r. theft, p. iz.
1. 22. i. the tranfgrejfors. ibid. !• antcpen. r. what it ii. p. 14. 1. 23.
r. It is only a. p. 15. 1. 22, r. Trent j Mount Moriab. p. 16. 1. 20- r.
judged. So St.-Paul,Rom. iii. 4. ibid. 1. penult, r. Iv. p. 17. 1. 4. r. v. 7.
p. ig. 1' i- r. »«fe/?. p. z6. 1. 28. r. words, p. 31. 1. antepen. for 22. r. 12.
p. 56. ]¦ 18. r- ifi'VA doubtkfs was. p. 53. 1. 15. r. »We r'f. ibid. I. 17.
r. having been carried, p. 60. 1. penult, for, the, r. thy. p. 67. I. 15. r.
in jlj[yr:a. p. 81. 1. 18. r. modios. p. 82. 1. 4. r. iniquities, p. 89. 1. I.
for 9 r.,6. p. 95. 1. 21. r. ri-vers; p. 97. i. 16. r. calleth. p. 99. !• 14.
r. ho entering in: jrom. ibid. 1. 26. for xx. r. xxvi. p. 106. ). 12. r. ;'«
Jerufalem. p. 111. li 4. for 13 r. 18. p. 143. J. 10. r. <?«»» p. 145.
1. 18. r.hand. p. 160. 1.-1-5. r. their pafiure. p. 177. 1. ij. r. umkanejfes.
p. 185. !. 22. r. Pala-Tyrus. p. 275. I. 17. r. appertained, p. 297^ 1. 17.
tor yi. r. viii. p. 299, col. 4. r. Jebofiaplwt {Azariah,

( 1)
BRIEF
CRITICAL NOTES,
Efpecially on the
Various Readings
O F T H E
Old Testament Books.
• Pfalms. t
TH E Book of Pfalms cannot, as other
books of Scripture, be affix'd to any one
time or age, nor to any one Prophet or
Author. It is a collection of the holy
fpiritual fongs compil'd by feveral men, in the
feveral ages. Some, or at leafbone, drawn up
(if the titles of the Pfalms in Heb. and 6 be au
thentic) by Mofes himfelf: many by David: fome
by 'Solomon: fome during the captivity ; and fome
after the reftauration. The placing of them is
moft proper, as they are plac'd in the common
editions, next after Job, before the books of So
lomon, and before the books of the prophets ; the
earlieft of which liv'd in the time of Uzziah king
of Judah, about the year 3954. The ufe'of them
is not (as of the hiftorical books) to be read along
in order: but in times of public or private devo
tion, to read or "fing fome of them, for the exalt-
Vol. II. B ing

CRITldAL NotES
ing -of zeal in the foul, or of comfort in times of
diftrefs, &c. '"? '-¦
As for any fuch notes as I have made on fome
other books, to e-xplain; the fenfe, or re&ifie che
reading, from o, or Vulg. &c. there- is left need
or occafion for them for the ufe of any Englijh
reader, in this book pf Pfalms, than in any other
book : For there being in common ufe two tranf-
lations of them ; one made directly and_ ftridly
from- the prefent Heb. the other from 61 but with
a cdtrection from Heb. of all fuch places as did
feem more properly rendered in Heb. than in 6 ;
whatever note any one would make on any text
of the tranflation from Heb. which is inferted in
t;he Englijh Bible, he does for the moft part find
it made to his hand in that tranflation from 6,
which is inferted in .the Englijh Liturgy. I fhall
therefore have occafion only for a very few notes
on here and there a text : And the fewer, becaufe
a learned and pious clergyman lately deceas'd.,
has already made fuch brief notes on the Pfalter,
as, are of excellent ufe to thofe that would read
the PJalms with a continued devotion of mind,
without, being difturb'd or delay'd with any fuch
large and critical Annotations as are thofe-of the
learned Dr. Hammond.
The tranflation in the Liturgy is that which
has been all alone from the beginning of Ghrifti-
anity ufed in all Churches, both Qreec and Latin.
St. Hierom, who alter'd much the phrafe of other
books of Scripture in his new tranflation from
Heb. alter'd little or nothing in that of the PJalms :
nor was it fitting or well poffible, to put upon the
congregations of Chriftian people a new phrafeo-
logy to be us'd in their Church-afiemblies- in thofe
forms of prayer and praifing God, which had
ever been in ufe with them. And it happen'd
for the belt that he alter'd nothing : For thofe al
terations

Mthe Otr> Testament. £
terations which the late Hebricians, Englijh or
others, have made in the new tranflations from
Heb. have by no means, I think, amended the
fenfe : but the Vulg. for the Latin, and the tranf
lation in our Liturgy, for the Englijh, are the beft
tranflations that are extant of any book of Scrip
ture. Dr. Hammond, and other annotators on the
PJalms, where they find any difference between
the prefent Heb. and 6, do fuppofe that the 6 tranf-
lators had in their Heb. copy the Hebrew word
with the difference of fome one letter, or with a
difference of punctuation. And 'tis very probable
they had fo: But thofe critics are apt too fecurely
to fuppofe that the Hebrew copy which 6 then had,
was wrong-written in thofe words ; whereas in moft
of thofe differences the context and fcope of the
place do fhew that the Heb. word, as they read it
in their copy, was the true reading, and the pre
fent Heb. copy mif-written; The tranflation ifl
our Bible may, I think, be amended in fome pla
ces out of that in the Liturgy, which is the fame
with that in I'yndal and Coverdale's, called the
Great Bible; I have noted a few, referring to it
by the abbreviated note, Tind. or Lit.

II. 12. Kijs the Jon, left he b\ angry, and youpfalms-
perijh?\ 6 arid Vulg. Receive inftrudtiori, left the
Lord be angry, and you perifh. ' Aq. Kifs choice
ly, left, &c. Symm. Worfhip him in purity,
left, &c.
This is one of the places where the compilers
of "that Englijh tranflation which ftands now in the
Liturgy, have thought fit to depart from 6 and
Vulg. There had been mention of the fon before
at f j. But otherwife,. Receive inftruffion, left
God be angry, is a more ufual phrafe of Scripture,
and more obvioufly underftood ; as Jer. vi. 8.
B 2 Be

4 . '-••¦ Critical Notes
pfalms. Be inftru&ed, oh Jerufalem, left my foul depart
from thee.
III. 2. There is no help for him in his God. Selah.]
Wherever Heb. has Selah, 6 has Ai«^«V*- There
have been many guefles what chefe words ftand
for. One, which may be new for aught I know,
that it is a note fignifying that the laft words to
which it is added, fliould be repeated over again
by the chorus. I do not pretend to draw this
conjecture from any criticifm on the word; but-
only that it is always affixed at the end of fome
remarkable and pathetic claufe, fit to be fung over
again. IV. Title. To the chief mujician, &c] Where-
ever Heb. has this word in the title of a pfalm
(which is in near half of them) 6 has eig tixos [to
the end] which Hammond and other interpreters
of Heb. judge to be from a miftaken rendering ''
of the Hebrew word. There is a miftake in one
rendering or the other for certain : But by the ufe
of the word in 6, one would think their fenfe to
be that thofe pfalms which have this note in their
title were to be fung to the end at once, as being
on one continued fenfe -, whereas many of the other
confift of parts relating to different matters, or
were too long to be fung to the end at once : but
as the fingers of the pfalms in metre in our church
es fing a ftave (as they call it) or two ftaves at a
time. EiV to tsAoj is the fame word that is in 6,
Deut. xxxi. 30. Mojes fpake in the ears of the con
gregation the words of this fong «'? to tsAo?, to the
end, [or, till they were ended.]
4. Stand in awe, and Jin not. ~\ 6, Be ye angry,
and fin not, i. e. Though you be angry^ take
care you do not fin. So St. Paul, Eph. iv. 9. re
cites it.
V. to. Deftroy thou them, O God?] d, Judge
them, O God., VI -

' c»/& Old Testament. £
VI. 3. But thou, O Lord, how lon%?] Tynd.?Jabis%
But, Lord, how long wilt thou punifh me?
6. All the night make I my bed to fmm.] 6 and
Tyftd. Every night wafh I my bed.
10. Let them return and be ajhamed fuddenly.]
6 and Tynd. Let them be turned back, and put to
fhame fuddenly.
VII. 1 1 . God judgeth the righteous.] 6 and Tynd.
God is a righteous judge.
VIII. 2. Out oj the mouth cf babes and fucklings
haft thou ordained jlrength.] 0,  haft thou per
fected praife.
So 'tis quoted, Matt. xxi. 16. Dr. Hammond
thinks that our Saviour there recited the Hebrew
words as they are here : but St. Matthew's Greec
interpreter fet them down as they were in 6.
6, 7. Thou haft put all things under his Jeet. All
Jheep and oxen, and the beafts of the field.] St. Paul,
Heb. ii. 8. and 1 Cor. xv. 27. applies this to the
Mefiiah ; that all things, men, devils, death, &c.
are fubjedl to him. The confequence, as deriv'd
from this place, which fpeaks only of the beafts
fubjefjted to man, feems difficult to be deriv'd.
Mr? Mede has a fermon to clear that difficulty.
See on thofe texts of St. Paul.
X- 3. The wicked boajleth of his hearCs dejire;
and fpeaketh good of the covetous, whom God abhor v
reth.] 6 and Vulg. The wicked is praifed in the
lufts of his own heart; and the unjuft is bleffed.
XI. 1.. Flee as a bird to your mountain.] 6, Vulg.
Tynd. &c. As a fparrow to the hill.
XIV. 3. None that doth good ; no not one.] Here
6 Vat. and Vulg. and Tynd. do add four or five fen-
tences,_ which St. Paul, after he had recited this
verfe, adds, as cited from other pfalms or other
places of .Scripture. Some fcribe of 6, finding
the texts all together in Rota. iii. 13, 14, 15. and
thinking, it feems, that St. Paul had cited them
B 3 all

6* Critical Notes
Pfalms. all from hence, put them all in here. But 6 Alex.
Aid. Comp. are free from that interpolation. And
there is evidence it was not in the Hexapla.
XVI. 3. My goodnefs extendeth not to thee.] 0,
Vulg. Thou haft no need of my goods.
10. Thou wilt not leave my foul in hell.] 0, in
Hades: i. e. in theftate of a dead man.
This cannot in any ftrift or proper fenfe be
meant of David himfelf; as St. Peter and St. Paul
obferve. XVII. 4. Concerning the works of men, by the
words of my lips I have- kept me from the paths of the
deftroyer.] 6 and Vulg. That my mouth may- not
fpeak [according to] the works of men, by the
words of thy lips I have been aware of [or, avoid
ed] the ways that are rough or hard.
The Hebrew word for [hard, or harfh] and for -x
[deftroyer] differ, it feems, but little: So that
may be uncertain. But there is little doubt but
the Heb. fcribe has put here [my lips] for [thy
lips.] It is amended in 6, Vulg. and the Litur
gy tranflation.
13, 14. Deliver my Joul Jrom the wicked, which
is thy Jword; From men which are thy hand, O
Lord, from men of the world, which have their por
tion, &c] Dr. Hammond obferves that 0 and Vulg.
are here not intelligible ; and Eng. he thinks ,
fhould be amended. He gives a tranflation which,
if the original will bear it, is better:
Deliver my foul from the wicked by thy fword ;
and by thy hand from the men of this age [or,
world] which have their portion^ &c.
XVIII. 3. I vnll call upon the Lord, which is
worthy to be pr'aifed.] i, Vulg. Chald. &c. I will
call upon the Lord with praifing him.
29. By thee I have run through a troop.] Vulg.
been delivered from tentation.
5 Vulg.

on tbe.O-LH Testament. 7
/Ta/g, takes this, tranftation: from ©5 butmiftakesP/afo/j-,
the fignification-pf the word in 6: for 7t«^«ti|§io»
in 0 commonly figniiies* a troop of robbers, and
7r«f<»T)}f, a robber. And thence our word* py-
. XVIII. 45. Strangers Jhall Jade awtay, and be
afraid out of their cloje places.] Eng. acknowledges
no difference in the Heb. here and that in the other
copy of this pfalm in 2 Sam. xxii. 46. rendring ir
there and here [fhall be afraid.] There is in the
prefent, Heb. a difference of a letter, or. tranfpofi-
tion of letters, which has mad« 0 render it there
ir<p<«Aao-«i [fhall ftumble] but here i%u\oivav [they ,
did halt:] And Vulg. there [fhall be drawn toge
ther] but here [fhall halt.] Dr. Hammond makes
a modeft doubt whether it was David himfelf, or
Ezra, that made this alteration 5 or the fcribes,
have made the miftake in writing. He takes the
fenfe to be ; They; fhall come out trembling, as
maggot's or mice peeping out of their holes.
XIX. 4. Their line is gone out through all the
earth?} -o, Vulg. Tynd. Their found.
6. His [the Jun-s] going Jorth is Jrom the end of
heaven, and his' circuit unto the ends of it.] The .
way of Scripture- is to fpeak of the. heavenly, mo
tions according to man's apprehenfion. The di
urnal motion of the earth. makes fuch an appear
ance to us, as is here poetically defcrib'd'; as if
the fun went round the earth once every day. We
have, no reafon to apprehend that this, or any
fuch like faying as this, of the fun's rifing, kz-
ting, &?£.,. does, oblige us to think any otherwife of
the real motion of the fun, planets, pr earth, than as
reafon, and skill in aftronomy^ teach. No Chri-
ftian that knows any thing of aftronomy would
for all the world, that the Scripture fhould deter
mine againft what is feen and prov'd of the mo
tion of the planets round the fun. The phacno-
B 4 mena

8 Critical Notes
Pfalms. mena here inftanc'd in do fet forth the glory of
God the Creator (which is all that David here aims
at) according to which hypothefis fbever the mo
tions are conceiv'd to be really made.
XIX. 13. Keep lack thy Jervant alfo from pre'
fumptuous [fins ;] let them not have the dominion over
tne.] 0, Keep thy fervant alfo from ftrange [gods ;]
1§£ them not have dominion over me. Vulg. is as
0, [ab alienis] without any fubftantive: as 0 is,
\?i?n wAAorpiW] without any. Now it is cufto-
mary in Heb. and 6, and Vulg. when texts do fpeak
of ftrange gods, to omit the' word S-tiSv, arid un-
• der ftand it; fettirig down only wAAorpiW, as here:
So Deut. xxxii. 16. They provoked him to jea-
loufy with ftrange ; Eng. puts in [gods.] 2 Chron.
xiv. 3. He took away the altars of the ftrange
rfiv wAAorp/ftiy, fubaudi S-iaiv. And the Hebrew
word for' [ftrange] iSj as Dr. Hammond obferves,
fo like that which they here render [prefumptuous]
that a fcribe might eafily miftake in the writing
of it.
To the word [prefumptuous] the interpreters
of ZM.'put [fins:] And the interpreters of 6, or
Vulg. muft, to [ftrange] put [gods.] It is cer-
tiiri that many, if not all, the antient Chriftians,
uriderftood this text of idolatry ; and wherever
pne meets in their works dpa.^1* y.iya,K^ or delic
tum magnum, or' maximum, (as it is here) the
gre'at offence, indefinitely 'mention'd, they always
mean idolatry ; which notion carrier I fuppofe,
from 0 iri this place. '
XX. 9 . Save, Lord ; let the king hear us!] Tynd,
Save, Lord ¦, and hear us, O king, p- and Vulg.
O Lord; fave the king ; and hear us at what time
we call upon thee.
XXI. 12. Thou Jhalt make them turn? their backs,
when thou Jhalt make' ready thine arrows upon thy
firings againft the face of them.] Caft. Thou fhalt
' ' ' s "1 > fet

cb^Old Testament. 9
fet them as thy but [or mark] and with triine ar- Pfakts.
rows aim ftrait at them.
XXII. Thjs is the pfalm which (or part of
which) our Saviour chofe to pray to God by,
when he hung on the crofs. Many things in jc
were fpoken by David prophetically concerning
the circumftances of Chrift's death; being not
properly applicable to David himfelf; as f 7, 8,
16, 17, i8,£fJV.
16. They pierced my hands and my Jeet.] In the
prefent Heb. text, As a lion my hands and Jeet.
Here is a plain inftance of the depravation of
a word in Heb. by mif-fpelling or mif-pointing.
Chaaru is, they pierced: But if it happen to have
one point fet wrong, chaari, it will be, as a lion.
This laft makes here no fenfe. The prefent Heb.
has both the readings : but they have fet the wrong
one in the text, and the right one in the margin.
ii render'd it right; «pu|«v And 'tis probable
there was then nothing in the copy of the other
miftaken fpelling. Vulg. and all Tranflators,
and Eng. among the reft, do juftly prefer and
follow the reading of 6. And fo does Ag.
29. Shall bow before him ; and none can keep alive
his own Joul] Tynd. And no man hath quicken
ed his own foul. 4, Vulg. Syr. &c. Shall bow be
fore him ; and to him my foul liveth.
XXIV. 4. Who hath not lift up his Joul unto va
nity, nor Jivorn deceitfully.] There may be two
ways of defcribing the fame qualification : for va
nity is often us'd as another word for deceit ; and
lifting up, for fwearing. The words of 6, St ir.
tKct&iv Ijt) [A-u-ttntu tjjv ^vfflv (which Vulg. exactly
follows) may likewife be underftood fo. But y-a-
im«, in 6 being very commonly taken for idols, it
may fignifie, one that has not worfhipped an idol.
6. That Jeek thy face^ O Jacob.] 6 and Vulg.
That feek the face of the God of Jacob. i There

io Critical Noje9
Pfalms. There are many falvo'^ and excufes for the read*
ing of Heb. But it is moire obvious to conceive
that 6 tranflated as it was in Heh in their time. .:
XXIV. 7. Lift up your heads, 0 ye gates^— and
the King of glory Jhall come in?] ' T is very, proba ble
this pfalm was made for the folemnity of bringing
up the Arc, and lodging it ,on Sion.
XXIX. 6. — to skip like a calf: Lebanon and
Sirion like a young unicorn?] Sirion is a mountain/
near to mount Lebanon, more eaft than it ; Call'd
by the Jews, Hermon ; by the Ammonites, .Shenir ;
by the Sidonians, Sirion, Deut. iii. 9. The thun
der is here in a poetical phrafe faid to make thefe
great hills skip.
XXX. 7. Thou haft made my mountain, to ftand.
firong.] if, Thou didft.add to my beauty*
ftrength. . , .
10. Hear, O Lord, and have mercy upon. me:
Lord, be thou my helper.] 0 and Vulg. The Lord,
heard me ; and had mercy upon me : the Lord
becatne my helper. See context.
XXXI. 5. Into thy hands I commit my Jpirit. ]
0, I will commend myfpir.it.. The laft words
that our bleifed Saviour fpoke before his death;
repeating them from this pfalm, as in d.~
10. My Jlrengtb Jaileth becaufe of mine iniquity-]
6 and Vulg., In this my poor condition. SeeHamm;
XXXII. 4. Day and night thy hand was heavy
upon me ; and my moifture is turned into the drought
of fummer.] 0 and Vulg.-  r— heavy upon me ;
and I was turned into great mifery when the thorn
entered" into me. Meaning the fharp fenfe of his
fin. 5. The iniquity of my fin.] 6, Of my heart.
7. Thou art my hiding place ; thou Jhalt preferve-
me Jrom trouble , thou Jhalt compajs me about with
Jongs of deliverance.] 6, and Vulg. Thou art my
refuge

on the OldTest am e n t. i i
refuge from the trouble that befets me; my re- Pfalms.
joicing : fave me from them that compafs me a-
bout.
The phrafe of compaffing about, is feldbm us'd
in the pfalms in a good fenfe.
XXXII- 9- — whoje mouth mull be held in with
lit and bridle, left they come near unto thee.] 6
and Vulg. Bind their jaws with bit and bridle,
which come not near to thee.
XXXIII. 2. With the pfaltery, and aninftrument
of ten firings.] 6 and Vulg. With a pfaltery often
ftrings, [or, a ten-ftringed pfaltery.]
io. Maketh the devices of the people of none effeB?]
Hereo add, And fruftrateth the counfels of prin
ces : Which fentence Vulg- Arab, have ; Heb. and
Chald. not.
XXXIV. Title, Achijh drove him away, and he
departed.] 6 and^/g.-^difmiffedhim. So Ham
mond. 5. They looked unto hitn, and were lightened, and
their Jaces were not ajhamed.] 0, Vulg. Syr. Arab.
Come unto him and be enlightened, and let not
your faces be afhamed.
6. , The poor man cried, and the Lord heard him-,
&c] 0, Vulg. This poor roan cried, and the
Lord —
XXXV. 3. Draw out the Jpear, and flop [tie
way] againft them that perjecute me.] Vulg. Draw
out the fpear, and fhield againft, &c. Hamm.
Ihort fword.
20. They Jpeak not peace ; but devife deceitful
matters.] Tynd. Their communing is not for
peace, but, &c. 0, Vulg. They fpeak peaceably
to me, but devife deceitful, &e.
XXXVII. 20. The1 enemies of the Lord Jh all be
as the Jat oj lambs : they Jhall conjume ; into Jmoke
Jhall they conjume away.] 6 and Vulg.  o he
Lord,

12 Critical No tes
Pfalms. - Lord, as foon as they are glorified and exalted,
fhall fail and confume as fmoke.
XXXVII. 28. They are preferved Jor ever; but
the feed of the wicked Jhall be cut off.] . 6, They
fhall be preferved for ever, [the guiltlefs fhall be
avenged] and the feed of the wicked fhall be cut
off. Vulg. and fome copies of 0, They fhall be
preferved for ever, [the wicked fhall be punifhed]
and the feed of the ungodly fhall be cut off.
There feems at this place to be a verfe want
ing in Heb' For it is an alphabetical pfalm ; and
the letter hain is omitted. Now thofe fentences
which in this verfe are in 6 and Vulg. but not in
Heb. are by fome thought to be thofe which in
Heb. made the verfe that began with hain.
35. I Jsave Jeen the wicked in great power, and
Jpreading himjeljlike a green bay-tree.] 0, Vulg.-^-tx-
alted very high, and grown tall as the cedars of
Lebanon. 36. Tet he pajfed away ; and lo, he was gone. ]
6, Vulg. Lit. I went by, and lo he was gone.
38. Tranjgrejfors Jhall be deftroyed together.] 0,
— fhall be deftroyed at once.
XXXVIII. 6. / am troubled and bowed down
greatly.] 6, mt tIas?, to extremity.
7. My loins are filled with a loathjome difeafe.]
6 Alex. ou. ^ocu ftS iirKv&wm \i7tiyy.a.xa>t • I. im-
QAtypon<>iv. 14. As a man that hearefb. not, and in whoje
mouth are no reproofs.] As one that had nothing
to fay in anfwer for himfelf.
17. I am ready to halt.] Lit. I am fet in the
plague. 6 and Vulg. I am ready to be beaten ;
«? poistytits, in flagella : for fc'ourges.
XXXIX. 4. The meafure of my days, what is it',
that I may know bow frail lam.] 6, tvy, yvu xi
ust{S tyoi. Vulg. ut fciam quid defit mihi. Lit.
5 not

m iffe.OLD Testament. 13
hot fo well, that I may know how, long I have toPfalms.
live. XXXIX. 7. And now, Lord, what wait 1 for?
my hope is in thee.] 6 and Vulg. And now what is
my hope ? is not the Lord ? And my confidence,
vVaV<wif, is in thee.
XL. 6. Sacrifice and offering thou didfi not defire:
mine ears haft thou opened [or, bored.] Vulg.' .
mine ears haft thou prepared [or, perfected.] 6,
and St. Paul, Heb. x. 5.— but a body haft thou
prepared me.
The critics cannot give any clear account how
this difference between Heb. and 6 fhould come.
Dr. Hammond thinks the original reading of 6 was,
not <ri5y.ei, but urla,, as it is in Vulg. and cites an
tient Chriftian commentaries that recite it fo > and
Eujebius for one. And that the Apoftle para-
phras'd this by eupa, the body, in oppofition to
facrifices which were but the fhadow: Inftead of
facrifice and offering thou haft taught me obe
dience, which is the body, or antitype of them:
and that the Chriftian editors or tranfcribers of 6
made the words conformable to Heb: x. 5. How
ever, the Apoftle's argument does not depend up
on this verfe, but upon the next ; burnt-offerings,
lie. thou didft not require. Then faid I, lo I
come — to do thy will, O God. By which will,
fays the Apoftle, we are fanctified.
9,10. I have not refrained my lips, O Lord, ihou
knoweft. I have not hid thy righteoufnefs within my
heart: I have declared thy faithfulnefs, &c] 6, I
have not refrained my lips. O Lord, thou know-
eft my righteoufnefs: I have not hid thy truth
within my heart: I have fpoken of thy falva-
tion, &JV.
XLI. 8. An evil dijeaje, Jay they, cleaveth Jaft
to him.] Lit. Let the fentence of guiltinefs proceed

14 Critical Mo'-fcEs
Pfalm. cfeed againft him; 4 and* Vulg. They have fixed
an evil word [or, word of Belial] upon me.
The Heb. being deber Belial, Hammond obferves
that deber, though it does fometimes fignifie a
plague or difeafe, cannot well have that fignifica-
tion here ; but, a flander, or falfe accufation.
XLII. 6. i" will remember thee Jrom the land of
Jordan* and of the Hermvmteh from the hill Mif-
Jar [or, the litfle hill.] Lit. Concerning the land
of Jordan? and the little hill of Hermon. 6 arid
Vulg. — from the land of Jorddn, and the Hermans,
from the little hill.
It feems David was- now at thefe places, beyond
Jordan*, and nigh Hermon [or the Hermans ; for
there were rows of hills of that name, as the Mps\
Sec] and himfelf now abiding upon a little rifing
ground thereabouts. He Was, in his flight from
Abjalom^ in thofe parts.
7. Deep calleth unto deep at the noife of 'thy water -
Jpouls: all thy waves-t—aregorteoverme.] 0', Abyfs
calls upon abyfs at the noife of thy cataracts [or,
water-falls:} all thy waves,- &c.
It is a poetical defcriptiort of calamities coming
chick upon him, as upon Job, which he com
pares to waves, billows, fpouts-j or abyfies, or
pipes of water coming on him.
XLV. 6. Thy throne, oh God, endureth for ever',
&c] To whatever king, Solomon, ' or whoever
elfe, the former part of this pfalm be underftood
to be directed primarily or literally ; it plainly
begins here to fpeak of the Meffiah, and fo pro
ceeds for fome verfes : for thefe words are not ap
plicable to any one elfe. Though Elohim be a
name fornetimes given to angels, kings, judges,
&c. yet the ftrain of the addrefs here is "fuch as
m-uft be underftood of the Chrift. And fo all the
Jewijh commentators themfelves do apply it ; and
fo the Author to the Hebrews 3 ch. 1. cites it.
XLV. 11, 12.

on the Old Testament. 15
XLV. 11, 12. He is thy Lord, and worjhip thou Pfalms.
hijn. -And the daughter of Tyre Jhall be there with a
gift?] 6, 'He is thy Lord. And the daughters
of Tyre fhall worfhip him with gifts. Vulg.
in fome copies, He is thy Lord God : and they
fhall worfhip him, &c.
No edition of 6 has @eo? here. And therefore
m thofe copies of Vulg. which have it, it has pro
bably been interpolated. It is in Lit. but in no
other tranflation or edition that I know of. The
Tyrians honouring him with prefents, feems to re
fer to Solomon.
XLVII. 3. He Jhall Jubdue the people under us,
and the nations under Mr Jeet.] I, He fubdued
the people under us.
6 and Vulg. make this and the following verfes,
a recounting of the great things God had done in
bringing, them in.
XLVIII. 2. Beautifulr—is mount Sion, on the fides
pf the north, the city of the great king.] i. e. fays
Hammond, Sion is on the north fide of Jerufalem:
And Trem. Mont. Moriah and the Temple is on
the northern part of Mount Sion: Both of them
better Critics and Divines, than Geographers. 6
and Vulg. being juft like Eng. are ambiguous. Lit.
exprefles it trueft; On the north fide [of Mount
Sion] lyeth the city of the great king, i. e. Jeru
falem. 4. The kings of the earth were ajfembled ; they
pajfed by together : they f aw it, and Jo they marvel
led.] 0,  they came all together: when they
faw it was fo, they .marvelled.
7, 8. Thou breakeft the Jhips of Tarjhijh with an
eaft-wind. Like as we have heard, Jo have we Jeen
in the city oj our God.] 6,  with a fierce wind ;
as we have heard : and fo have we feen [it done]
in the city of our God.
XLIX. 13.

16 Critical Notes
tjalms. XLIX. 13. This their way is their Jolly: yet
their pofierity approve their faying. ] Tho' a man
that has turmoiled himfelf in getting wealth by
right and by wrong, do live long enough to per
ceive the ufelefTnefs of it, and do count it to have
been his own folly ; yet his children follow the
fame example, and act oyer the fame follies.
14. The righteous Jhall have dominion over them
in the morning.] 1 know not what morning is
meant, unlefs the morning of the refurrection. St.
Chryfoftopt interprets it, Shall early or quickly have
dominion over them.
Ibid. Their beauty Jhall conjume in the grave Jrom
their dwelling.] Caft. Their beauty [or,, form!
fhall confume ; and the grave fhall be their dwel
ling, c Alex. Their help [or, power] fhall be
abolifhed in Hades : they are defpoiled of their
glory. This is faid, f 17. '
LL 4. And be clear when thou art judged.] 6,
And overcome when thou art judged.
LII. r, 2. Why boafieft thou thy JelJ in mijchief,
O mighty man ? The goodnefs of God endureth conti-
xually.. Thy tongue devifeth mifchief.] 6, Why doll
thou boaft in wickednefs, thou that art mighty
to do mifchief ? All the day long thy tongue de
vifeth mifchief. So Vulg.
5. God Jhall take thee away, and pluck thee out
ef thy dwelling place, and root thee out, &c] 6 and
Vulg.-—— and remove thee from the tabernacle,
and thy root from, &c.
LIII. 5. God hath Jcattered the bones oj them
that encamped againft thee: thou haft put them to
Jhame.] .6 and Vulg. God hath fcattered the
bones of the men-pieafers. They are put to fhame,
LIV. 4. My heart is Jore pained within ms.]
Caft. and Hamm. trembleth within me. LIV- 18,

w /& Old Testament. if
LV. 1 8. From the battle that was againft me.]?/"!*"*
£, Vulg. From them that came about me.
22. Caft tby burden upon the Lord.] 6, Vulg. thy
care, [or, folicitude.] So i Pet. v. 3.
LVII. 3. He Jhall fend from heaven, and fave
me from the reproach of him that would Jwallow me.]
6, Vulg.'Hamm. He fen t from heaven and faved
me ; he fhamed thofe that would have, rjfc .
3, 4. He Jhall Jend Jor th his mercy and truth.
My Joul is among lions.] 0, Vulg. He fent forth
his mercy and truth , and faved my foul from
among lions.
LVIII. 2. In your heart you work wickedneft;
you weigh the violence of your hands in the earth. ~]
0, Vulg. You work wickednefs in your heart on
the earth ; your hands frame injuftice.
6. Break their teeth, &c] 0, Vulg. God will
break, 63V.
8. As a fnail that melteth, let every one cf them
pajs away.] 6, Vulg. As wax that melteth.
9. He jhall take them away as with a whirlwind,
both living, and in his wrath.] Lit. So let indig
nation vex him, even as a thing that is raw. 6,
Vulg. He will fwallow them up, as it were alive i
and [as men do] in their wrath.
LlX. 6. They return in the evening:- they make a
noife like a dog, and go round about the city. ] i,
Vulg. They will come home at evening as hungry
as dogs, and go round about the city.
9. Becaufe of his firength will 1 wait upon thee.]
Lit. My ftrength will I afcribe to thee,
LX. 4. Thou haft given a banner to them that
fear thee , that it may be difplayed becaufe of thy
truth.] i, Vulg. — —a token  that they may
fly from [chy] bow.
8. Moab is my wajh-pot; over Edom will I caft
out my Jhoe'. Philiftia, triumph thcu becaufe of me.]
0, Vulg. 1 to Edom will I hold out my fhoe :
Vol. II. C the

i§ Critical Notes
P/i/wj. the Philiftines are fubjected [or, triumphed over]
by me.
LXI. 7. i& ^0// aW<? before God for ever: O
prepare mercy and truth, , that they may- prejerve
him.] 0, Vulg.  Who can fearch out his mer
cy and truth ?
LXII. 3, 4. How long will you imagine mifchief
againft a man? Ye Jhall be Jlaiq, all the Jort. of
you-, as a bo-wing wall, and ds a tottering fence.
They only confult to caft him down Jrom his' excel
lency, &c] 0, Vulg. How long do y'ou ruih in
upon a man? You are murderers all oFyou; like
a wall ready to fall upon a man, and a ftone fence
that is tottering. They only confult to depofe me
from my dignity.
Dr. Ham?nond judges this to be fpoken againft
fome rebellious fubjects that David had.
9. Men of low degree are vanity, and men of high
degree are a lie.] S and Vulg. neglect here the dif
ference of the ftates of men. In Heb. one is,-
fons of Adam, by Which is always underftood,
ordinary men ; the other, fons of IJh, always ta
ken for men of repute.
LXV. 1. Praije waiteth Jor thee, O God.] 0,
Vulg. Is fitting for thee.
3. Iniquities prevail againft me.] i,' Vulg. The
words of wicked 'men have over-powered us.
4^5. — even of thy holy temple. By terrible things
in righteoufnefs wilt thou anfwer us, O God, &c]
e, Vulg. Thy temple is holy, wonderful in righte-
oufneis. Hear [or, anfwer] us, O God, &c.
7, 8. The noife of their waves, and the madneft
of the. people. They alfo that dzvell, &c] 0, Vulg.t
The noife of its. waves. The peopJe fliall be
troubled ; and they that dwell, &c.
9. Thou greatly inricheft it with the river of Go.di
which is full of water.] 0, Vulg. Lit. Hamm. Thou.
madeft

on the Old Testament. 19
madeft it very plenteous. The river of God hPfalms.
full of water.
LXV. 11. Thy paths drop fatnefs.] Lit. Thy
clouds drop fatnefs. 6, Vulg. The fields are filled
with fatnefs.
LXVI. 2. Make his praife glorious.] 0, Vulg.
Give him glory by praifing him.
7. He ruleth by his power for ever.] I, He ru
leth the world by his power.
LXVII. 6, 7. Then Jhall the earth yield her in-
creafe ; and God, even our God, Jhall blefs us. God
Jhall blefs us : and all the ends of the earth Jhall
Jear him] 6, Vulg. Hamm. The earth hath yield
ed her increafe. O God, our God, blefs us. God
blefs us ; and let all the ends of the earth fear
him. LXVIII. 4. — by his name J ah, and rejoice be
fore him?] 6, Vulg. Jah [or, Jehovah] is his name.
Rejoice ye before him.
to. . Thy congregation hath dwelt therein ; Jor thou,
O God, haft of thy goodnefs prepared for the poor.]
Caft. Thy companies [or troops, copies tua] fet
tled there [viz. in the wildernefs. See f 7.] Thou
of thy goodnefs didft prepare, for thy poor peo
ple. 6 and Vulg. fay, Thy living creatures, gwa. <rS,
animalia tua. The Hebrew word, it feems, fig-
nifies both •, companies, or living creatures. 'Tis
hard to apply the latter here: Yet Dr. Hammond,
by a long reach, makes it to fignifie, thy angels.
The whole context is of God's providing for the
Ifraelites in the wildernefs ; unto whom he lent a
gracious rain of manna, f 9.
18; Thou haft" led captivity captive, and received
gifts for men:] Sc. Paul, Eph iv. 8. referring to
tni\ text, exprefles it, gave gifts to men. To lead
captivity captive, is, to lead in triumph a num
ber of captives, as Deborah faid to Barak.
C 2 LXVIII. 29.

go Critical Notes
Pfalms. ' LXVIII. 29. Becaufe of thy temple at Jerusalem
Jhall kings firing- prejents , unto thee] The name,
temple, v«oV, is fometimes given to that fanctuary
which was in ufe before the temple was built ; or
perhaps David fpoke this prophetically of the
temple which, he knew, was to be built.
6 and Vulg. help very little in explaining this
pfalm ; being in moft places of it more obfcure
than Heb. it felf.
LXIX. 23/. Make their loins continually tojhake.]
'4, Vulg. Ever bow thou down their backs.
26. They talk to the grief] 6, Vulg. Hamm.
They add to the grief.
LXXII. 3, 4. The mountains Jhall bring peace
unto the people, and the little hills by righteoujnejs.
He Jhall judge the poor of the people, &c ] 0, May
the mountains bring peace to the people, and alfo
the little hills. With righteoufnefs he fhall judge,
&c. 5. They Jhall Jear thee as long as the Jun and
moon endureth, throughout all generations.] a, Vulg.
And he fhall remain together with the fun and
moon to generations of generations.
This could not be faid of Solomon, but jn re-
fpect of his pofterity ; efpecially of Chrift. So
f 7- 6. Like rain upon the mowed grajs.] 6, Vulg.
Lit. Upon a fleece of. wooll.
8. And from the river unto the ends of the earth.]
Dr. Hammond would have it read,' unto the ends
of the land; viz. of Judea. But Heb. is erets;
and 6, oass/xevjj.
15. Prayer Jhall be made for him continually?]
Lit. Prayer fhall be made ever unto him. c. They
fhall worfhip [or, pray] continually [b, 7isg< wJxS.
Vulg. de ipfo] for, or concerning him.
16. There Jhall be a handful oj corn in the earth
upon the top of the mountains : the fruit, &c . ] Hamm.
An

o» /& Old Testament. 21
An handful of corn, fowed on the hills, fliall pro- Pfalms,
duce a crop fo great that it fhall wave like the
trees of Lebanon. He thinks s^iypot. in 6 fhould
be ip»yf/.».
. LXX II . End. The prayers of David — are ended. J
4, The pfalms of David—- are ended. .
Here ends the fecond book of Pfalms, com-
pos'd, or that had been by this time put in order
by David. Some of the three following books
are entitled, tw A*v)$' perhaps made by him after
the compofing of this book.
LXXIV. 7. They have caft fire into thy fantJu-
ary—the dwelling-place .of thy na?ne to the ground.]
0, They have burnt with fire thy fanctuary to the
ground. This pfalm is entitled, To Afaph. It could not
be that Afaph that was in David's time. This
feems plainly to have been fpoken after the Tem
ple was burnt.
14. Thou gaveft him [Leviathan] to be meat to
the people inhabiting the wildernefs.] i and Vulg. —
to the Ethiopian people.
They that adhere to the Heb. reading, think
wild beafts and birds, to be meant. The readers
of 6 think the icthuophagi. See Hamm.
LXXV. 1. For that thy name is near, thy won
drous works declare?] Caft. Hamm. Thy name is
prefent at hand to them that declare thy wondrous
works. 0, We will call upon thy name. I will
declare thy wondrous works.
• 2. When I receive the congregation, I will judge,
&c. ] 0, Vulg. When I take a fit time, I will
judge. 5. Speak not with a ftiff neck.] 6, Vulg. Don't
talk wickednefs againft God.
6. Promotion cometh neither from the eaft, nor
from the weft, nor from the Jouth.] 0, Vulg. — '--•
weft, nor from the defert mountains,
" C 3 LXXV. 8,

22 Critical Notes
Pfalms; LXXV. 8. In the hand of the Lord there is a
cup, and the wine is red ; it is full of mixture, and
he poureth out of the fame: bat the dregs thereof, all
the ungodly of the earth Jhall wring them out, arid
drink them.] 6, —  a cup of-ftrong wine full
of mixture ; and he has poured it out of one [vef-
fel] into another: but yet the dregs thereof are
not emptied out. Thofe all the ungodly on ea'rth
fhall drink up.
LXX VI. 5. None of the men of might have found ,
their hands.] 6— — .have found [or, obtained
any advantage] by their hands.
10. Surely the wrath of man Jhall praife thee.]
Lit. The fiercenefs of man fhall turn to. thy pr'iife.
The violent outrage and malice of wicked men
fhall, by thy overthrowing their malicious at
tempts, turn to thy glory.
LXXVII. Title. To Jeduthun, a pfalm of Afaph.]
The name Jeduthun is ufed in Scripture as another
name of Ethan. Both- Afaph and Ethan liv'd in
the time of David. This pfalm feems to have
been compos'd long after David's time. The dpi-"
nions of Commentators are various. It feems to
me moft probable that the infdriptions in the titles
of the pfalms, r£ A<r<*<p, or xu AiQoiy., &c do de
note only that fuch a pfalm was appointed1 to be
fung by the fons of Afaph, or fons of Ethan, Sed
who, as we read in Chronicles', kept their feveral
courfes for finging, as the priefts did theirs. Much'
in the fame fenfe as many of the pfalms are en
titled, To the fons of Kprah. This obfervation
is plaineft in Pf. LXXIX-
LXXVIII. 2. I fought the Lord: my fore ran
in the night, and ceafed not.] q and Vulg. I fought
by night for the Lord with my hands, and was*
not difappointed. See Hamm. .
LXXIX. 1 o. Let him be known among the hea
then in our fight by the revenge of the blood of thy
Jer-

on tkeOLT> Testament. 23
Jewants which is Jhed.] 4, Vulg. Lit. Hamm. Let PyW«/.
the vengeance of thy fervants blood that is fhed
be openly rhewed among the heathen in our fight.
LXXIX. 11. Prejerve thou thofe that. are appoint
ed to die.] 0, Vulg. Preferve the children of thofe
that have been murdered.
LXXX. 10. The hills were covered wjth the fha
dow of it : and the boughs thereof were like the goodly
cedars.] 0, Vulg. Hamm. The fhadow of it cover
ed the hills, and the boughs of it the ftately cedars,
LXXXI. 5. When he went out through the land
of Egypt, where I heard a ftrange language which I
underftood not.] 0, Vulg. When he came out of
the land of Egypt, he heard a language which he
underftood not.
LXXXI I. 1. God ftandeth in the congregation of
the mighty: he is a judge among Gods.] The name
Elohim, which is the 'ufual name for God Al
mighty, having been in the Pentateuch and other
holy books ( written before this pfalm ) given
fometimes to princes, magiftrates, judges, &c. and
any pfthe high powers on earth ; (for the proper
fignification of the word is high powers) this pfalm
teaches them at f 6. in what fenfe, and with what
limitation, this, name is allow'd them, viz. that
though they are allow'd to be call'd Elohim ; yet
they fhall die like Adam, or one of the common
then. And this firft verfe teaches them that, when
they fit in judgment, they fhould remember that
as they act as .matters over other men, fo God
their matter, the true Elohim, ftands over them,
and rebukes them upon occafion, as in the next
words ; How long will you give wrong judg
ment, and accept the perfons of the ungodly ?
q and Vulg. in tranflating this verfe, do ufe the
words, Deus, and ©so?, in as large a fenfe as Heb.
does Elohim: and do tranflate it, God ftandeth in
the congregation of Gods ; he judgetb between the
C 4 Gods.

24 Critical Notes
PJalms. Gods? But other tranflators generally (fince the
time that the name of God has been us'd in a more
ftrict fenfe for God Almighty only) do tranflate
it much, as Eng. does here.
Trem. God ftandeth in the congregation of the
mighty God : he is a judge among the magiftrates.
Caft. God ftandeth in the divine aflembly: he
judgeth between the divj, i. e. fays Caft. between
the governours.
'Tis true that our Saviour, being accus'd by
the Jews of blafphemy in fetting forth himfelf as
the fon of Elohim, anfwer'd, John x. 34. Is irnot
written in your law (meaning f-6. of this pfalm)
I Jaid, ye are Elohim? If he called them Elohim,,
Sec. fay ye of him whom the Father hath fancti-
fied and fent into the world, Thou blafphemeft ;
becaufe I faid, I am the fon of Elohim? And St.
John.y putting our Saviour's words into Greecy
has, for Elohim, put ©soV as «' before him had
done, and as it flood then in the common Greec
tranflation. But the argument for our Saviour's divinity
does npt depend on this citation. All that he ar
gues here, is, That fince much lefler perfons than,
himfelf were in Scripture call'd Elohim, he could
not be a blafphemer for faying, he was the fon of
Elohim. LXXXIII. 8. AJfur alfo is joined with them."J
This determines the date of this pfalm to the lat
ter times of the Jewi(h kingdom: for the other
nations here mention'd had molefted them before ;
but; the AJJyrians not till toward the end.
LXXXV. 8. He will Jpeak peace to his people,
and to his Jaints ; but let 'them not turn again to
Jolly.] 0,  to his faints, and to thofe that
turn their heart to him.
LXXXIX. 47.

o» /feOLD Testament. 2£
LXXXIX. 47. Remember how Jhort my time is?] Pfalmi.
b, Remember what my confidence [or, expecta
tion] is. 0, uVoVftin?. Vulg. fubftantia.
XC. Title. A prayer of Mojes the man of God.]
Hamm. Compofed either by Mofes, or elfe, as in
his perfon, by fome other.
i_. Lord, thou haft been our dwelling place in all
generations^] i, Vulg. Lit. Hamm. — our refuge,
[or, helper?]
3. And fayft, Return ye children of men.] viz.
to the daft, of which ye were made.
Lit. puts in the word [again ; ] Again thou fayft,
which is not in Heb. nor1 6, nor Vulg.
5. Thou carrieft them away as with a flood: they
are as a fteep.] 6, Vulg. Their years are as a
thing of nothing.
u, 12. Who knoweth the power oj thine anger?
even according to thy Jear Jo is thy wrath. So teach
us to number our days, that we may apply our hearts
unto wifdomf] 0, Vulg. thine anger, and from
the fear of thee to number [or, eftimate] thy
wrath, 13 c . ? 4 Vat. From the fear of thy wrath,
to number [his days?] Trent. - thine anger,
and of thy wrath according to the fear of thee ;
viz. the fear which we have been taught of thee.
Hamm. 'Tis certain that God's wrath is not pro
portioned to our fear of him.
16". Let thy work appear unto thy fervants, and
thy glory unto their children.] 6, Vulg. Regard [or
look upon] thy fervants, and thy works ; and be
a guide to their children.
XCI. 2. I will fay of the Lord.] 6, Vulg. He
will fay unto the Lord. See f 1.
9. Becaufe thou haft made the Lord, which is my
refuge, even the moft High, thy habitation.] 0, Vulg.
Becaufe thou, Lord, art my hope. Thou halt
made the moft High thy refuge. XCIV. 10.

2,$ Critical Notes
TJalps. XCJV. .10. He that chaftijeth the heathen, Jhall
not he carretl,? He that teacheth men knowledge,
Jhall not he know? ] o, He that inftruets the na
tions, he that teacheth man knowledge, fhall not
he reprove?
17. Unlefs the Lord had hen my help, my foul
had almoft dwelt in filence.] a, Vulg..  in Ha
des [or, tljie grave.]
XCVI. Title. In Heb. no title. In 4, When the
houje was builf after the captivity : 4 pfalm of [or,
to] David. This fhews that fome pfalms made
by David, and us'd in his time (as this was at the
bringing the Arc from Obed-edom's hoyfe to Sion,
1 Chron. xvi.) they afterward us'd on other occa
sions, and gave new titles to them ; and that Da
vid himfelf was not the author or compofer of all
thofe pfalms that are inferib'd tw k<w$.
9. Worjhip theLord in the beauty of helinefs.] 6,
Vulg. In his holy court.
10. Say among the heathen, that the Lard reign-
eth.] 0 and Vulg. hath reigned.
This is the fentence which Juftin Martyr fays
the Jews had truncated in his time in fome copies
of 6, but not in all ; and that the true reading
was, 0 Ku'^of i€^iA<&jrev, &?» tS Iv'as, The Lard hofh
reigned Jrom the tree, i. e. as Juftin underftands it,
from the crofs. ,
Befide Juftin:, Tertuljian cites the word fo ; and
in following times,* St, Auftin, Arnobius, and a
few more : And they are in the Roman Pfalter to
this day, Regnavit a lignq Deus. They are alfo
faid to be in the Cpptic. pfalter. But they not being
in Heb. nor in a,ny copy or MS. of 6., nor Vulg.
nor in the verfion of St. Hierom., nor in Chala.
Syr. Arab,. JEthiop. &c. Dr. Hammond, and all
men but one or two, are of opinion that it was
only fome particular copy pf 4- that Juftin had,
which was interpolated at this place with the
words

on the Old T-esxajment. 27
words ~iom xS £u'as. And the error paffed only in
to fome few copies.
The occafion of it perhaps might be^ that in
the other copy of tWs pfalm whjfctiis in 1 Chron.
xvi. there is in 6 the wdrd |uAav in the next verfe
to this (which here comes not till f 12.) which
in fome mangled copy of p might make a fcribe
miftake. v But as for any attempt, and efpecjally any fuc-
cefs, of the Jews, to raze Or fteal it out, Dr.
Hammond here, anti Mr. 'Nicolas Fuller whom he
here cites, do fhiew how abfurd the fuppofal of
any fuch thing is. [How was it poffibfe for them
to corrupt the Greec Bible throughout the world,
&c.?] ' XCVII. 7. Worjhip him, all ye gods.] 4, Vulg.
Worfhip him, all ye his angels.
Dr. Hammdnd is'ftrongly^of opinion that it was
from this place that the Authc-r to the Hebrews
took his citation, ch. i. 6. Let ajl the angels of
God worfhip him; and not from Deut. xxxii. 43'.
where thofe very words are in 6, but nothing like
them 'in Heb. The Heb. word here is Elohim, which
4 do almoft always tranflate, God,' or Gods ; but
here, Angels.'
11. Light is Jown for the righteous.] 6, Vulg.
Lit. Light is rifen up for the righteous'.
XCIX. 4. ' The kihg'sr ftrength loveth judgment.],
6-, Vulg. The king's honour.
6. Mofes and Aaron among his pr lefts.] The
Heb. word [co'heh] ftgn'ifies any great officer's, whe
ther ecclefiaftical or civil.
8. Thou waft' a. God, that forgaveft them, thpjqgh
thou tobkeft vengeance of their' inventions?] ~ Hammf
Paraphr. Thou for their fakes, and' at their pray-
€rs, Torgaveft the people, even then" when "thou
waft inflicting punifhmehts upon them for fome'
great fins.
CI. 4.

28 Critical Notes
PJalms. CI. 4. A Jroward heart Jhall depart from me."]
6, A crooked [or cunning] heart.
5. Him that has a high look and a proud heart,
I will not JufferT] 4, Vulg. Him that has an am
bitious eye, and an unfatiable heart, I will not
fuffer. Where could David get any minifters, or cour
tiers, or officers?
CII. 3. My bones are burnt up as an hearth.] S,
Vulg. As dry wood. Lit. As a firebrand.
8. They that are mad againft me, are Jworn a-
gainft me.] 6, Vulg. Syr. Arab. They that [before]
praifed me, have taken oaths againft trie. '¦>
10. Thou haft lifted me up, and caft me down.]
Thou haft thrown me upon the ground with vio
lence, as one that lifts a thing up to throw it down
the harder.
14. Thy fervants take pleafure in her fiones, and
favour the duft thereof] 6, Vulg. They pity.
1 6. When the Lord Jhall build up Sion, he Jhall
appear in his glory.] 0, Vulg.—* Sion, and it fhall
be.feen in its glory.
22. And the kingdoms to Jerve the Lord] 0,
Vulg. And the kings to ferve the Lord.
26. As a vefture Jhalt thou change them, and they
Jhall be changed.] 6, thou fold them up,
and they fhall be changed.
This place is cited, Heb. i. 14. according to 6
here. For a fcribe to miftake lA«'|«f for «AA«i-«?,
is eafy: but-if it be a miftake, it is a very antient
one. Iri that citation thefe three verfes are ap
plied to the Mefliah ; but the ground of fuch ap
plication does not appear in the pfalm.
CIV. 26. There go the Jhips, and there is that
Leviathan, &c] 6, Vulg. That dragon.
Leviathan here muff, fignifie the whale, or other
fea-monfter : not the crocodile, which belongs to
pvers. CIV. 34.

w ^ Old Testament. 2$
CIV. 34. My meditation of him jhall be Jweet.]Pfalms.
0, Vulg. My difcourfe fhall be fuch as may pleafe '
him. CV. 4. Seek the Lord, and his ftnngth.] i,
Vulg. And be flrong.
22. To bind his princes at his will, and teach his
Jenators wifdom.] Lit. To inform his princes. 6,
Vulg. That he might inftruct his princes, as he
had done him ; and might teach his fenators.
Jofeph had inftructed Pharaoh himfelf, and was
made, a ruler of the princes of Egypt.
28. And they rebelled not againft his word.] Lit.
And they were not obedient to his word. 4 Vat.
j£| w»»tir(K^meti xxt Ao'yx? wuxS ; and they provoked -
[or, difobeyed] his words. 6 Alex. ot« 7r«gS5r/j«p«-
kxv— • becaufe they provoked [or, difobeyed] his
words. Vulg. And he provoked not [or, exafpe-
rated not] his words.
After all the difputes and criticifms on the dif
ference of Heb. and 4, in this text, it comes to
this disjunctive, that a negative particle is either
got into Heb. or.dropp'd in 0 by miftake of fcribes.
Wherever the miftake be, it is very antient.
The Chald. it feems, is as Heb. But Syr. Arab.
Mthiop. are as 4. Vulg. which every where elfe
in the Pfalms, follows 4, here forfakes it ; and
yet changes Heb. from they to he, meaning either,
he, God, did not embitter, or exafperate his
words ; or elfe Mofes did not rebel againft God's
words. So much is certain, that if it be meant of Pha
raoh and the Egyptians (as the words, they, them.
Sec. in the veries foregoing are) it muft be faid
that they ft ill rebelled: and then 4, Syr. Lit. Sec.
are right. But all the interpreters that adhere to
the prefent reading of Heb. fuppofe that by they,
is meant Mofes and Aaron ; or by he, Mofes. On
ly Trem. (who never wants a diftinction for a fal- vo)

$3i Critical NVTes -ii
Pfalmi: vo) MWs that by they, is meant, the figris* Pr;
mira1culo'lis> effects : They we're riot difobedierit '.'to,
God's word,, or. Mofes's word.; but wjjen he bade
rhenV dome, -tHey came. Dr. Hammond things
there is a mif-writing; and that it is in 6. Some
copies" of 4 "Alex. Aid. Comp. have oxi isri'xg'avav •
This," he thinks, mig^ht be at firft, £xi iwk%a,\ia,v,
CVI. 7. Our fathers underftood not thy wonders
in Egypt?] 0, Minded not; a' c-ui/'ijxaV.
15. He gave them their reaueft: but Jeht leannejs
bito^ their foul?] 0, Vulg: — — — fent a' loathing,'
[or, furfekj ^Atjo-^oi/iji', fatui itaterri.
33. They provoked his Jpirit, fo that he Jpake un-
advifedly with' his lips:.] 0,  fo that he Mrettev,
fpoke doubtfully, or diftruftfully.
CVII. 1 j. r Fools, becaufe of their tranfgrejfion,
andK becaufe of their iniquity, are affticled]' a, Vulg.
Syr. He helped them out of the way of t. eir wick-
ednefs: for' becaufe of their iniquity they were
afflicted; CVHI. is cdmpofedof part of PJ Ivii. and part
ofpj.ix: C1X. 10. Let' them feek their bread out of defolate
places.] 0, Vulg. Let them he turned out from
their cottages, ur ruinated hoiifes.
20. Let this "be the reward of mine adverfaries
from the Lord] c Vuig — ot my fa lie accufers.
31. To Jave him. ironi them that condemn 'his foul.]
d, Vulg. From them nur purine hi> foul.
CX. 1. The Lord faid unto my Lord, &c\] Dr.
Hammond prodives irmiYy of Lie antient Jews in
terpreting1^ is 'pfalm of thc-'Meffiah.
3 . Thy people Jhall be willing in the day oj thy
powder, in the beauties oj hviinejs ] 6, Power [or,
dominion] fh.iil be with thee in the day of thy
power, in the beauries, &c.
Htd. From the wemb of the morning thou haft the
dew oj thy yoitth?] 0, Vulg. I begit thee in the
womb-

oaf^OLD Testament. 31
womb before the morning ftaf. Aq. Thou haft PfalMsV
the dew of thy youth from the Womb from the
morning. Symm. Thy youth is as the morning
dew.
Chriftian interpreters expound this as ftgnifying
that quickly after the morning [or, beginning]
of drift's kingdom, or Gofpel preach'd, it fhould
dverfpread the earth as the morning dew.
There is a tranflation of this verfe given by
Bootius, which deferves the examination of men
well skill'd in the Hebrew, how far it may be al
low'd as proper ;
Thy troops fhall be willing, when thou raifeft
thine army, in thy glorious fanctuary : thou haft '
fhone, like the morning, from thy very birth 5
thy youth has been covered with dew.
CXIH. 8 Which turned the hard rock into a
ftanding Water ; the flint into a jountain.] 0',— — »
into lakes of water.
It is faid, Pf cv. 41. The waters ran in dry
places as a river : And St. Paul, The rock fol
lowed them.
CXVI. 6. The Lord prejerveth the fimple.] &,
Vulg. The little ones, xx vijV<«.
11. I Jaid in my hafte, All men are liars?] I
was ready to call all men liars, that had given
me hopes, or comfort.
CXVIII. 7. Therefore Jhall I fee [my defire up
on] my enemies.] 6, Vulg. — will I look down upon
my enemies ; i. e. with fearleflhefs and contempt j
dejpiciam. 10, n, 12. But in the name of the Lord will I
deftroy them.] 0, Vulg.  I made my part good
with them ; qpvvdpiiv axixiq, ultus fum in eos.
22. They are quenched as the fire of thorns?] 0,
Vulg. Burnt out, [or, confumed] as —
27. Bind the Jacrifice with cords, even to the horns "I
5

32

Critical Notes
Pfalms. o jthe altar.] 4, Vulg. Keep the feaft with thick,
boughs [brought as far as] to the horns of the
akar. There was no fuch cuftom as tying the facrifice
that was to be kill'd, to the horns of the altar.
See Hamm. and Bojs.
CXIX. 3. They alfo do no iniquity : they walk in
his ways.] Lit. For they who do no wickednefs,
walk in his ways. 6, Vulg. For they who work
wickednefs, do not walk in his ways.
9. Wherewithal Jhall a young man cleanje his way ?
"by taking heed thereto according to thy word.]. 6,
Vulg. Wherewithal fhall a young man direct his
way aright ? by keeping thy words.
10. O let me not wander from thy command
ments.] 4, Reject me not from, &c.
2 1 . Thou haft rebuked the proud, which are cur-
Jed, which do err jrom thy commandments?] 4, Vulg.
Lit.— the proud. Curfed are they who do err, &V.
24. Thy teftimonies alfo are my delight, and my
counsellors.] t4, Vulg. — delight; and thy ftatutes
my courifellors.
29. Remove from me the way of lying ; and grant
me thy law gracioufiy.] 6, Put away from me the
way of wickednefs ; and have mercy on me by
thy law.
38. Stablijh thy word unto thy fervant, who is
devoted to thy fear?] 6, Stablifh to thy fervant thy
word, which [teaches] tne fear of thee.
6 1 . The bands of the wicked have robbed me : but
I have not forgotten thy law.] 4, Vulg. The cords
of the wicked nave entangled me : but, &c.
84. How many are the days of thy fervant? when
wilt ihou execute judgment, Sec] Hamm. How
long time is appointed for thefe preflures to lye
on me?
CXIX. 113.

on the" Old Testament. 33
CXIX. 113. I hate vain thoughts : but thy law do Pfalms*
1 love.] 4, Vulg. I hate wicked men £pr, as
Lit. Them that imagine evil things] but thy
Jaw, &c.
118. All them that err from thy ftatutes: for theif
deceit is faljhood.] 6, Vulg,  >- their thought
[or, device] is falfbood.
.130. The entrance oj thy word giveth light.] 4,
Vulg. The opening [or declaration, or going forth j
of thy word.
139. My zeal hath conjumed me, becaufe mine
enemies have forgotten thy words. ] 4, The zeal
for thee hath melted me, becaufe > 1
148. Mine eyes prevent the' night-watches.] 4,
Vulg. Prevent the day-break [or morning-watch. J
163. 7" hate and abhor lying.] 4, Vulg. I hate
and abhor iniquity.
CXX. 5. Woe is me that I fojourn in Mefech,
that I dwell in the tents of Kedar.] 6, Vulg..  1
that I am fain to fojourn fo long, and dwell in
the tents of Kedar.
The interpreters, except Chald. take Mefech
not for a proper name, but a long fpace of
time. CXXVI. 1. Then were we like unto them that
dream.] ' 4, Vulg. To men comforted [or, reco
vered.] CXXIX. 3» 4. The plowers plowed upon my back:
they made long their furrows.. The Lord is righteous:
he hath cut dfunder the cords of the wicked.] 0 and
Vulg. are here imperfect. Chald. Syr. The fcour-
gers laid lafhes upon my back : they made long
gafhes [or, furrows.] The Lord is righteous : he
hath cut afunder the whip-cords,' &c. See Hamm.
6. Grafs upon the houfe tops, which withereth
afore it groweth up.] o, Vulg. Lit. — --• afore it be
plucked up.
Vol. II. D CXXX. 6.

34. Critical Notes
pfalms. CXXX. 6. My foul waiteth for the Lord, more
than they that watch for the morning : I fay, more
than they that watch for the morning.] 6, Vulg.—-
for the Lord, from the morning watch till night.;
Hamm. — hafteneth to the Lord from [the time
of] the guard in the morning: i.e. as early as
they ; as they haften to their watches.
The repetition is not in 4.
CXXXI. 2. Surely I have behaved and quieted
my felf as a child- that is weaned from his mother:
my foul is as a weaned child. ] 6, Vulg. Pfalter.
Rom. If I have not humbled, and riot lifted up
my foul, as a child weaned from his mother > fe»
wilt thou retribute to my foul.
CXXXII. 6. Loi we heard of it at Ephrata:
we found it in the fields of the wood.] o Alex.
found it in the thickets of the wpod. Lit. — —
found it in the wood. Caft. — — found it in the
woody fields.
Ca(l. here fets in his margin, I do not underftand
the meaning of this place. And Hamm. and all in
terpreters fince have own'd the difficulty of it ;
. Which yet Abp. UJher in his Annals at ann. P. J.
3669. explains, I think, to fatisfaction.
Heb. is, In the fields of Jair: Which word,
Jair, when it is an appellative, fignifies, a wopd ;
but it is here a proper name, and ftands for Kir
jath-jearim, the place where David found the Arc,
and brought it from thence. Jair, a wood : Kir
jath-jearim, the town in the wood. It is common
for towns to have their name from a wood in
which, or near which, they were at firft built:
as le bojhe, Sec. And to exprefs it in the metre of
the pfalm (inftead of Jair, or Kirjath-jearim) in
the fields of Jair, or thickets of Jair, is not un-
ufual. This whole pfalm of David feems to have been
made and ufed at the iolemnity of bringing up
the

on the Ol d Test am e n t. 35
the Arc, expreffing the holy joy and trlumphPfalms.
of it.
We at Ephrata [i. e. Bethlehem] and other
places about Jerufalem [Bethlehem is but three
miles from Jerufalem] heard of it, that it was at
Jair, [i. e. Kirjath-jearim] and we found it there,
and fetched it up— Arife, O Lord, into thy reft-
ing place, thou and the arc of thy ftrength.
CXXXIX. 3. Thou eompajjeft my path and my
lying down, and art acquainted with all my ways.]
i,Vulg. Thou fearcheft my path, &c.
9. If I take the wings oj the morning?] 0, Vulg.
If I take wing in the morning.
CXLI. 3. Set a watch, O Lord, before my
mouth ; and keep the door of my lips.] 0, Vulg. — ,
and a door of guard about my lips.
5. Let the righteous finite me, it Jhall be a kind-
nejs-, and let him reprove me, it Jhall be an excel
lent oyl, which jhall not break my head— my prayer
Jhall be in their calamities.] 4, Vulg. Let the righ
teous correct me, and reprove me in kindnefs:
but let not the oyl of a wicked man fatten my
head. 7. As when one culteth and hewefb wood uponthe
earth.] 4, Vulg. As when a fpace of ground is
plowed [or, torn] on the earth.
CXLIf. 7. The righteous Jhall compajs me about ;
jor thou Jhalt deal bountifully with me.] 4, Vulg.
The righteous do wait till thou do deal, &c.
CXLIII. 10. Thy Jpirit is good:' lead me into the
land oj uprightnejs?] 0, Vulg. Lit. Let thy good
fpirit lead me in a ftraight [or, even] land.
CXLIV. 9. Upon a pjaltery, and an inftrument
of ten firings.] 4, Vulg. Upon a pfaltery of ten
ftrings. 13. That our garners may be full, affording all
manner of ftore.] 4, Vulg. — pouring out of one
into the other.
D 2 CXLIV. 13;

36 Critical Notes •
-Pfalms. CXLIV. 13. Our Jheep may bring forth thou-
fands and ten thoufands in our fireets.] 0, In our
paftures. 1 4. Oxen ftrong to labour — in our ftreets.] 6,
Vulg. Oxen may be fat — —in their paftures [or,
yards.] CXLV. 13. Endureth throughout all ages.] 4,
Vulg.- from age to age.
4 Vulg. The Lord is faithful in his words ; and
holy [or, merciful] in all his works.
This verfe is not now in Heb. and it is a plain
inftance of a defect which the Heb. copy has fuf-
fer'd fince the time that the tranflation of it by 4
was taken. For this pfalm is, as fome others are,
an alphabetical one ; i. e. every verfe begins with
a feveral letter, in the order in which the Hebrew
letters ftand in the alphabet : But a verfe to begin
with the letter nun is wanting, which was this;
which 4, Vulg. Syr. Arab. Mthiop. have ; and no
copy but Chald. and Heb. it felf wants. Heb.
which fhould have 22 verfes, has now but 21.
This comes in between f 13. and #¦ 14. This
defect in Heb. is acknowledg'd by Dr. Hammond
and all interpreters. •',;
CXLVI. 4. In that very day all his thoughts
perifh.] 0, All his devices and contrivances, 'A-
#Aoyio-|«o». CXLVIII. 4. Ye heavens of heavens, and ye wa
ters that be above the heavens.] i. e. Which are
very high up in the sky. The vapours, being
highly extenuated, do rife far above that air or
sky which is nigh the earth.
CXLIX. 4. He will beautifie the meek with fal-
vation.] 4, Vulg. Exalt [or, glorify] the meek.

Proverbs

on the Old Testament. 37
Proverbs.
I. 5. ^ ^7/} man will hear, and will increafe Praverh.
<** learning] 4, For by hearing thefe [pro
verbs] a wife man will be wifer.
7. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wif-
dom.] 4,—— — - the principal point ; #£%$. 4
add, Piety toward God is the chief point of good
fenfe. . •
13. We fhall find all precious fubftance.] 4,
Let us feize upon his poffeffions, which are of
good value.
19. So are the ways, oj every one that is greedy oj
gain ; which taketh away the life of the owners there
of.] 4, So are the ways of all that do unjuft
things : for by their wickednefs they deftroy their
own life.
32. The turning away cf the fimple jhall flay
them.] 4, Becaufe they have abufed fimple [or,
innocent; 4, vjjjtj'sj- Vulg. parvulos] men, they
fhall be flain.
III. 9. Honour the Lord with thy Jubftance, and
with the firftjruits oj all thine increaje.] 4, Ho
nour the, Lord from all thy honeft labours ; and
pay firft-fruits to him of all thy honeft gains. .
25. Be not afraid oj Jud den fear, nor of the de
flation of the wicked when it cometh.] 4, Thou
fhalt not be afraid of any terrour, coming on ; nor
of the aflaults of wicked men going to be made
on thee,.-
.27. With-hold not good from them to whom it is
due, when.it is in the power of thine hand to do it.]
0, With-hold not benefaction to the poor, when
the power is in thine hand to doit. Vulg. Do
n-ot difliiade from beneficence him that is able:
and. if thou be able, do fome good thy felf.
D 3 III. 30.

38 Critical Note's
Proverbs. M, go. Strive not with a man without caufe, if
he have done jhee no barm.] 4,\ left he do
thee fome mifchief.
34. Surely he fcorneth the fcorners ; but he give'tfi
grace unto the lowly.] 4, The Lord refifteth the
• proud ; but he giveth grace to the lowly.
St. Peter, 1 Ep. v. 5. cites the very words of 4.
V. 2, 3. That thy lips may keep knowledge. For
the lips of a ftrange woman drop as an honey-comb?]
d, That my lips may direct thee. Have nothing
to do with an ill woman: for the lips of a ftrange
woman, &c.
Heb. feems to want the words of connecting one
fentence to the other.
6. Left thou Jhouldft ponder the path oj life, her
ways are moveable, that thou canft not know them.]
4, For fhe goeth not in the paths of life: her
ways are crooked? that, &c. Vulg. as 4.
16. Let thy jountains be dijperjed abroad, and
rivers of waters in the ftreets.] 4, Let not thy wa
ters be difperfed from thine own fountain : let thy
waters run in thine own ftreets [or, channels.]
It is plain by the foregoing and following words,;
and by the fcope of the place, that Heb. has loft
here the negative particle, and advifes the contra
dictory of that which the text was made to ad-
vife. Some copies of 4 feem by Bofs's lections to
want the negative, as Heb. does. But Vat. which
has -t, is certainly the right: For Origen cites it
with the negative, contra Celf. I. 4. p. 193. And
eve-n Aq. has it, y.*i $ia,(ntogm£i&-u<rciv aX it^you g*
ii-u Yet Heb. feems to have wanted it in St. Hie- ;
rom? s time: for Vulg. is without it. There muft
have been that difference between Aquila's copy,
and S . Hierom's ; and the fault muft have come
in fince the Mafora.
18. £1?/ thy fountain be blejfed: and rejoice with
the wife oj thy youth?] 6, Let thy fountain be pe
culiar

on the Old Testament. 39
culiar to thy felf, &c. co\ Ui*. Yet Vulg. here Proverbs.
alfo is as Heb.
VI. 1 : My fon, if thou be fur ety for thy friend,
[if] thou haft ftricken thine hand to a ftr anger.] 4,
¦ * friend , thou haft ftricken thine hand to
an enemy. Meaning, thou haft made thy friend
thy enemy.
3. When thou art come into the band oj thy jriend,
go humble thy felf, and make Jure thy friend.] 4,
Thou art come into the hands of ill rrien for thy
friend : go, neglect not 5 ftir up thy friend, for
whom thou art furety.
i. e. Stir him up to pay his debt, that thou
mayft be freed from thy bail-bond. Vulg. fufcita.
Symm. and Theod. itctfypvisw. p Vat. ¦ka.^Mn.
None of them have any thing of humble thyjelj.
- 8. —gathereth her jood in the harveft.] At the,
end of this example, of the ant, 4 add ;
Or go to the bee, and fee what a work-woman
fhe is, and how neat fhe makes her comb.: of
whofe labours both kings and poor men do par
take for their health. She is loved and praifed
of all: and though of a weak body, is valued as
regarding wifdom.
There are in 4 many fuch additional proverbs ;
which whether they have been interpolated in 4,
or omitted in Heb. God knows. . Vulg. has many
of them ; but fometimes mark'd with a veru, as
being in fome of their MSS. but not in others.
But it has not this at all. Indeed this feems inter
polated by fome tranfcriber, who had a mind to
add an ingenious fimilitude ; which might have
done well in another book, but not in books of
Scripture. It is in all the editions of 4, excepc
Comp. who finding it not in Vulg. Would not put
it in. There are alfo many proverbs in Heb. which
are not in 4. I fhall, for the general, take no
¦notice of any that are not in Heb.
D 4 VI. 14.

40 Critical Note's
Proverbs. VI. 14. Mifchief continually, he foweth difcord.]
4, fuch a man [viz. as is defcrib'd, f 12,
13.] always makes troubles in a city.
26. By means of a whorijh woman [a man is
brought] to a piece oj bread: and the adulter ejs will
hunt jor the precious life.] 4, For the price of a
whore is as much as of one loaf. [So Vulg] [Such]
a woman hunts for the precious life of men.
VJI. 10, There met him a woman with the attire
of an harlot, and fubtle of heart.] 4,  with a
whorifh look ; fuch as makes the hearts of young*
flers fly away. Vulg. Fitted to delude mens
hearts. 11. She is loud and fiubborn.] 4, Jilty and fot-
tifh, Vulg. . Talkative and a rambler.
22, 23. 4s an ox goes to the Jlaugbter, or as a
fool to the correction oj the ftocks i till a dart ftrike
through his liver.] 4, As an ox goes to the {laugh
ter, or a dog to his halter, or as a flag that has a
dart ftruck through his liver.
VIII. 7. Wickednefs is an abomination to my lips.]
4, Fajfe lips are an abomination \o me.
14. / [<z»z] under ft anding: I [have] ftrength.]
$ and Vulg. Prudence is mine: ccuiago is mine.
22. The Lord poffejfed me in the beginning of his
way.] 4 Vat. vAxia't f*e. Aq. IktjjV#t«, The an
tient Chriftians, who took the Wifdom, thatfpeaks
here as a perfon, for the Kayos, or the Chrift, had
great contentions about this word, hxio-i, or |«-
TB<r#Ta. IX. 13. A joolijh woman is clamorous : Jhe is
fimple and knoweth nothing.] 4, A foolifh and
brazen-faced woman wants bread : fhe has no
fhame. > .
X. 4. Hand of the diligent maketh rich.] At the
£nd of this verfe 4 has a proverb :
4, A

on the Old Testament. 41
4, A fon that has been chaftifed [or, brought proverbs.
up ftrictly] will become wife ; and he fhall have
the foolifh fon fbr his fervant.
Vulg. has inftead of this, a proverb which 4 had,
ch. ix. 12.
X. 10. He that winketh with the eye, caujetb
Jorrow: but a prating fool Jhall jail.] 4, He that
deceitfully [or, fneeringly] winketh with his eyes, '
caufeth forrow to men: but he that freely [or,
openly] reproveth them, worketh peace [or, does
them good.]
The latter claufe, as it is in Eng. A prating foot
Jhall fall, had concluded the laft proverb before
but one, f 8. where it came in properly, as the
antithefis to the former claufe. But here in this
verfe there is no cognation, nor oppofition, be
tween the two claufes. It feems probable that 6
here is the true reading: for all. the editions of 6
agree in it ; and the fcribe of the prefent Heb.
having written that claufe, of a prating fool, but
juft before, wrote it here over again by miftake.
Vulg. is as Heb. but not juft the fame words as,
Eng. is.
13. In the lips of him that balhunderfianding,'
wijdom is jound : but a rod is Jor the back oj him
that is void of under/landing] 4, A man uttering
with his lips wifdom, gives a lafh to a man that
has no good fenfe.
18. He that hideth hatred [with] lying. lips, and
he that uttereth a fiander, is a fool.] 6, Honeft
* lips do hide [or, extingu.ifh] hatred: but they
that utter reproaches, are very fools.
25. As the whirlwind pajfelh, Jo is the wicked no
more: but the righteous is an everlafting joundation.]
6, When a ftorm comes, the wicked is carried
away : but the righteous avoiding it, efcapeth
for ever. Vulg. as Heb,
XI. 7.

4_2 Critical Notes
Proverbs. XL 7. When a wicked man dieth, his expectation
Jhall perijh: and ibe hope oj unjuft men perijheth.]
0, When a good man dies, his hope does not pe-
rifh : but the expectation of the wicked perifh-
eth. 16. A grajcious woman retaineth honour: and
ftrong men retain riches.] 0, A gracious woman
brings an honour to her husband ; but a woman
that hateth goodnefs, is a feat of difhonour. Sloth
ful men become wanting of wealth ; but laborious
men are ftrengthened with riches.
Here feem to have been two proverbs on diffe
rent fubjects, each proverb having the ufual an
tithefis in its claufes. But by Eng. one would
guefs that the Heb. fcribe has taken the firft claufe
of the former proverb, and put to it the laft
claufe of the latter proverb ; and skipp'd the in*
termediate claufes; (for a gracious woman, and
ftrong men, has none of the ufual contradiftinc-
tion) and that 4 here is the right.
21. [Though] hand [join] in hand, the wicked
Jhall not be unpunijhed : but the Jeed oj the righteous
Jhall be delivered.] 4, He that gives hand, to hand
[i. e. gives his hand to his neighbour] wrongfully
[i. e. with a wrongful intent] fhall not be unpu-
nifhed : but he that foweth righteoufnefs fhall
have a fure reward. Vulg. has here words that
have no fenfe.
22. As a jewel oj gold in a Jwine's Jnout, fi is a
jair woman which is without dtfcretion.] 4, • •
fuch a thing is beauty to a foolifh woman.
30. The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life ;
and he that winneth fouls, is wife.] 6, Of the fruit
of righteoufnefs [fown] there grows a tree of life ;
but the fouls of the wicked are taken away before
their time; ua>%oi.
31. Behold! the righteous Jhall be recompenjed in
the earth; much more the wicked and the finner.]
4, The

on the Old Testament. 43
0, The righteous is fcarcely [or, with difficulty] Proverbs.
faved: where fhall the urigodly and finner ap
pear? Vulg. is as Heb. But St. Peter, 1 Ep. iv. 18.
cites it as it is in 4.
XII. 4. A virtuous woman is a crown to ber huj-
band: but Jhe that maketh ajhamed, is as rottennejs
in bis bones.] 4,  ; — husband : but a mifchie-
vous woman undoes her husband, like a worm in
wood. 1 1. Void oj under/landing] At the end of this
verfe there is a proverb, which whether inter
polated in 6, or omitted in Heb. I know not:
But it fits well to the foregoing.
4, He that is delighted in taverns, fhall leave
difhonour to his own manfion-houfe.
12. The wicked defireth the.net oj evil men.]
Marg. Fortrefs of evil men. Vulg. Monimentum,
for munimentum. 4, The defire of the wicked
is evil: but the root of the righteous fhall be in
ftrong fortrefles.
. 14. The recompence of a man's hands Jhall be ren
dered unto him.] 4, — mouth. The firft claufe is
of his mouth.
19. The lip of truth Jhall be eftablijhed jor ever:
but a lying tongue is but jor a moment?] 0, True-
fpeaking lips do eftablifh an evidence : but a hafty
Witnefshas an unrighteous tongue.
25. Heavinejs in the heart oj a man maketh it
ftoop : but a good word maketh it glad. ] 0, A fright
ful meflage troubles the heart even of a righteous
man : but goodnefs makes it glad.
28. In the wdy oj righteoujnejs is life ; and in the
pathway [thereof there is] no death?] Here feems
to want the antithefis.
d is,  —life: but the way of revengeful
men tends to death, Vulg is as 4. XIII. 2,

44 Critical Notes
Proverbs- XIIL 2. The Joul oj the tranjgreffors Jhall eat
violence?] 4,— fhall perifh before their time.
3. He that openetb wide his lips, Jhall have de-
JtruCiion.] 4, He that is hafty with his lips ; jrgo-
TttxYts xel\z<ri. Vulg: as 6.
9. The light oj the righteous rejoiceth : but the lamp
. of the wicked Jhall be put out.] 4,— is perpetual:
but — : 
14. The law oj the wife is a fountain of life, to
depart from the fnares of death.] 4, > of life:
but the fool fhall die in a fnare.
15. But the way of tranjgreffors is hard.] 4, tends
to ruin. Vulg. to a whirlpool.
XIV. 6. A fcorner Jeeketh wifdom, and findeth
it not: but knowledge is eajy to bim{ that under ftand
eth?] 6, Thou fhalt look for wifdom among ill
men, and find none : but good fenfe is eafy to be
found among prudent men.
8. The wifdom of the prudent is to underftand1
his way ; but the jolly oj jools is deceit.] 4,- 
will direct his way ; but the folly of imprudent
men will miftake it.
17. He that is Joon angry, dealeth Joolijbly: and
a man oj wicked devices is hated?] 6, A hafty man
dealeth inconfiderately ; but a prudent man will
bear with many things.
31. He that oppreffetb the poor, reproacheth his
maker.] 4, cheateth [or, fquee'zeth] svxn-
XV. 15. All the days of the affliHed are evil ;
but be that is of a merry heart, hath a continual
feaft.] 4, The eyes of the wicked do every day
expect evil ; but good men are always at quiet.
19. The way of a Jlothjul man is as an hedge of
thorns: but the way of the righteous is made plain.]
6,— hedged up with bufhes : but the way of the
diligent, plain,
XV.. 2 7.

w^ Old Testament. 45
XV. 27. He thai is greedy of gain, troubles his Proverbs.
own houfe: but he that hateth gifts, Jhall live.] i,
¦ He that takes bribes, deftroys himfelf: but
he that hates bribery, fhall be fafe.
XVI. 9. A man's heart devifeth his way : but the
Lord direileth his fteps.] ' i, Let a man's heart
devife juft things, that his fteps may be directed
by the Lord.
This proverb is not in its place in 4 ; but inter
polated in the preceding chapter, f 29.
11. All the weights of the bag are his work.] i,
Juft weights are his Work. Vulg. Omnes lapides
Jeculi, for Jacculi.
30. He Jhuttetb his eyes —— moving his lips, he
brings evil to pajs.] At the end of this verfe 6 add,
Such a man is a furnace of mifchief; xapvo* x«s-
XVII. 3. The fining pot is Jor filver, and the
jurnace jor gold: but the Lord trieth the hearts.] 6,
As filver and gold are tried in the furnace ; fo
are choice hearts by the Lord.
4. A wicked doer giveth heed to jalje lips -, and a
liar giveth ear to a naughty tongue.] i, — — but a
good man gives no heed to lying lips.
23. A wicked man taketh a gift out oj the bojom,
to pervert the ways oj judgment.] 0', The ways of
the man that bafely brings a bribe out of his bo-
fom, fhall not fucceed: but a wicked [judge]
perverts the ways of judgment.
26. To punijh the juft, is not good: nor to ftrike
princes jor equity.] 6, • nor to confpire againft
good [or, equitable j1 princes.
j XVIII. 1. Through defire a man having feparated
himfelf, feeketh ; and intermeddleth with all wifdom.]
4, A man that has a defire to renounce [or, be
feparated from] his friends, feekefh pretences";
and is upon every opportunity finding faults;
Vulgi as 4. After

46 Critical No tes
Proverbs. After that 4 and Vulg. had given a tranflation
of this proverb in, a good and plain fenfe, it is
wonder how the latter tranflators, refilling that,
fhould chufe to make fuch an obfcure fentence
of it. It is very hard to guefs what Trem. and
Eng. do mean. Caft. comes nigheft to a fentence:
He that earneftly defires to be feparated, ujes arif
way to do it. The prefent Heb. feems to have
dropp'd the word his jriend, and the word pre
tences, TT^asetg.
2. A fool hath no delight in underftanding; but
that his heart may dijcover it felf .] 4, A fool has
no need of [or, delight in] wifdom: for he is bet
ter pleafed with his folly.
3 . When the wicked cometh, then cometh alfo con
tempt; and with ignominy, reproach] 6 and Vulg.
When an ungodly man comes to the height of
wickednefs, he ufeth contempt ; and there comes
on him ignominy and difgrace.
19. A brother offended is harder to be won than
a ftrong city ; and their contentions are like the. bars
cf a caftle. ] 4 and Vulg. A brother aflifted by
his brother, is as a ftrong and tall city ; and has
ftrength as a fortified palace.
There feems to have been words wanting in
that Heb. copy which Aq. and our tranflators had.
Aq. for want of thofe words, tranflates, A brother
Jet at nought by a ftrong city, and judgment as a bar
of a caftle, which has no fenfe at all. Eng. would
be as bad, but that they put in words of their
own, [harder to be won.]
2 1 . Death and life are in the power of the tongue ',
and they that love it, Jhall eat the fruit thereof] 6,
>  1 — and they that can govern it, i£c.
To govern the tongue, we know what it means.
22. Qbtaineth favour of the Lord.] At the end
> pf this verfe 4 has a proverb: (which is alfo in
Vulg. but mark'd there as being wanting in many
MSS.)

ot/^Old Testament. 47
MSS.) He that puts away a good wife, thrufis away Proverbs*
his own good : cind he that keeps fioi^x^ot, a mijs,
is a jool, Sec. But 4 wants the four next pro
verbs. XIX. 4. Wealth maketh many Jriends: but the
poor is feparated Jrom his neighbour. 0 and Vulg.
- is forfaken by him that was his friend.
5. A jalje witnefs Jhall not be unpunijhed: and
he that telleth lies, jhall not ejeape.] 6, ¦ ¦ that
fueth a man wrongfully. 1
18. Cbaften thy Jon while there is hope: and let
not thy foul Jpare for bis crying.] Marg. — — let
not thy foul fpare to his deftruction [or, to caufe
him to die.] 4, Chaften thy fon ; fo fhall he be
hopeful : but be not raifed in thy wrath [or, in
thy foul] «V vSam to abufe, or provoke him.
St. Paul, Eph. vi. Col. iii. feems to have read
it in this latter fenfe. And critics fay, that Heb.
it felf fhould be tranflated fo.
22. The defire of a man is his kindnefs: and a
poor man is better than a liar.] 6, Kindnefs [or,
beneficence] brings a man fruit [or, reward:] An
honeft poor man is better than a rich man that
will lie. , ' '¦
27. Ceafe, my Jon, to hear the inftrutlion that
caufeth to err from the .words of knowledge.] 6, A
fon that ceafeth to hear the inftruction of his fa
ther, will devife words that are evil.
XX. 2. The fear of the king is as the roaring of
a lion.] 0, The wrath [or, threatening] of a king,
«3T«A>J. 14. It is naught, it is naught, Jays the buyer.]
This proverb, and five more, to f 20. are want
ing in 4.
25. It is a fnare to a man who devour eth that
which is holy ; and after vows to make inquiry.] 0,
It isa fnare to .a man to dedicate [or, vow] haftily
¦ . 2 any

48 Critical Notes
Proverbs, any of his goods: for it [often] happens that after
his vow he repents.
30. The bluenefs of a wound cleanfeth away evil;
Jo do ftripes the inward parts oj the belly.] Vulg.
So do ftripes in the inward parts. Meaning, com-
pundtion of confcience brings repentance for the
fin. 4, Black eyes and bruifes do happen to ill
men ; yea, wounds in the inward parts of the
belly. XXI. 4. The plowing of the wicked is fin.] 6,
and Vulg. and Marg. The light [or lamp, or lift
ing up of the eyes] of the wicked.
8. The way oj man is froward and ftrange; but
as for the pure, his work is right.] 6, To froward
men God fends froward ways [or, accidents ; ] for
his works are pure and' right.
24. Proud and haughty fcorner is his. name, who
dealeth in proud wrath.] 6, A man proud and
bold,, and felf-willed, is named, a peftilent man ;
and a revengeful man, a tranfgreflbr.
XXII. 3. A prudent man forefeeth the evil, and
hideth himfelj: but the fimple pajs on, and are pu-
nijhed.] 6, A wary man feeing a wicked man pu~
nifhed feverely, is himfelf warned : but the foolifh
men going on, come to damage. Vulg. A cun
ning man fees the mifchief, and hides himfelf:
but the poor innocent man goes on, and comes to
damage. 8. And the rod oj his anger Jhall fall.] Vulg.
Shall be compleated. 4, And he fhall compleat
the plague [or, punifhment] of his works.
At the end of this verfe 0 has a fentence (which
is not in Vulg. or Eng) God bleffetb [or, loveth, as
it is in fome of the copies] a chearful giver : Which
fentence St. Paul feems to cite, 2 Cor. ix. 7.
19. That thy truft may be in the Lord, I have
made known to thee this day, even to thee.] 6, Thai thy

on the O l d T e s t a m e n fi 49
thy truft may be in the Lord, and he may teach ProvtriK
thee [or, make known to thee] thy way.
Heb. feems to have the firft perfon inftead of
the third.
XXII. 20. Have{ not I written to thee excellent
things in counjel and knowledge?] 6, Write thou
thefe things upon the tabfe of thine heart for coun-
fel and knowledge.
There is in 6 the word t£«w»?, tripliciter, which
Hierom and Ambroje expound as well as may be ;
but it feems interpolated by fome miftake.
XXIII. 1,2. When thou Jitteft to eat with a ru
ler, confider diligently what is bejore thee: and put
a knife to thy throat, if thou be a man given to ap
petite.] Vulg. Put a knife in thy throat, if thou
haft thy life [or, foul] in thy power. 4, — what
is before thee : and fo put thy hand to them [to
the rich man's dainties] as knowing, that thou
muft get for, him the like things.
4. Labour not to be rich: ceafe ffom thine own
wifdom.] i, Do not thou, being poor, join thy
felf to rich men. , ,'"¦
7. For as he thinketh in his heart,- fo is he: eat
and drink, fays he to thee ; but bis heart is not with
thee.] 0, For as if a man drink down a hair ; fb
he eats and drinks there. Vulg- For he guefles at
what he knows not, as a fouthfayer, or conjurer
does. The Cha{dee has another fenfe quite different
from any of thefe.
30. They that tarry long at the wine ; they that
go to Jeek mixt wine.] 6, — — they, that enquire
where the drinking-bouts are.
" 33. Thine heart Jhall utter perverje things.]. <T,
Thy mouth fhall utter.
-^35' When Jhall I awake? Iwillfeek it yet again?]
k When will it be morning, that I may find out
Ibme pot-companions?
Vol. II. ' E XXIV. 5.

5° Critical Notes
Proverbs. XXIV. 5. A wife man is ftrong; yea, a man of
knowledge encreafeth ftrength.] 4, A wife man is
better than a ftrong man ; and a man of know
ledge than a ftrong labourer [or, husbandman.]
XXV. 1. Thefe are alfo proverbs pf Solomon ;
which the men [0, the friends] of Hezekiah king of
Judah copied out.] In 4, all, or moft, of the 30th
chapter, is before this.
7, 8. Than that thou Jhouldft be put lower in the
prejence oj the prince whom thine eyes have Jeen. Go
not Jorth haftily to ftrive, left [thou know not what]
to do in the end thereof, when thy neighbour hath
put thee to Jhame.] Vulg. here taking fome of
Heb- and fome of 6, has render'd fome fentences
more intelligible: As where thofe words at fhe
end of f 7. have no emphafis there, Vulg. puts
them to f 8. and makes this fenfe, * Sfov 0? o<p-
&xh[A,ai <rs jw»j 7r%o<r7ri7rxz eig y.»^i]v, &c. Do not
haftily produce in a quarrel all that thy eyes have
feen ; left afterward thou be not able to recal it,
when thou haft difgraced thy friend. This is
taken chiefly out of 4 there.
1 4. Whojo boaft'eth himfelf of a falfe gift, is like'
clouds and wind without rairi.] Vulg. Whofo boafts
for, promifes] great things, and performs nothing,
is like clouds and wind, and no rain following.
20. He that fingelh Jongs to an heavy heart.]
Here follows in oa proverb, which is in fome co
pies of Vulg. and in fome not: As a moth in a
garment, and a worm in wood ; fo grief does
prey upon a man's heart.
27. // is not good to eat much honey: Jo [for men]
to fearch their own glory, is not glory.] Vulg. ¦
fie qui fcrutator eft majeftatis, opprimetur a glo^
ria. XXVI. 6. He that fendeth a meffage by the hands
of a fool, cutteth off the feet, and drinketb damage?]
I, — bringeth a difgrace oh his matters.
XXVI. 8.

on the Old Testament. St
XXVI. 8. As he that bindeth a ftone in a fiing ; Proverbs,.
Jo is be that giveth honour to a JooL] Vulg. and
Marg. Eng. As he that throws a ftone into Mer
cury's heap i fo is he that giveth, &c.
A heap of ftones lying by the road fide, to
fhew the end of a mile, was called Mercury's heap.
10. The great [God] that- formed all things, Sec]
Neither has 4 any thing like Heb. nor Vulg. or
Eng. with either ; nor Marg. with text.
ii. So a jool returneth to his jolly.] Here 6 add
a proverb, which is not in Heb. nor Vulg.
4, There is a fhame. which bringeth fin ; and
there is a fhame which is good and Creditable.
17. Like one that taketh a dog by the ears.] 6,
By the tail.
23. Burning lips, and a wicked heart.] i, Smooth
lips difguifing a wicked heart.
XXVII. 14. It Jhall be counted a curje to him.]
9, Shall be counted like one that curfes.
15. A continual dropping on a -very rainy day,
and a contentious woman, are alike.] 6, The drops
of fain on a very wet day drive a man out of his
houfe ; and fo does a fcolding wife.
19. As in water jace anjw'ereth to face ; fo the
heart of a man to man.] c, As one man's face is
not like another man's face ; fo neither are mens
reafonings. 2 1 . As the fining pot for filver, and the furnace
for gold; fo is a man to his praife.] 4, Silver and
gold are tried by the fire ; but a man is tried by
the mouth of them that praife him.
25, 26. The hay appeareth, and the tender grafs,
fheweth it felf; and herbs of the mountains are ga
thered. The lambs are for thy clothing, &c] 4, Take
care of the grafs in thy meadow, and thou fhalt
mow hay ; and gather the fodder of the uplands,
that thou mayft have fheep for thy clothing, &? c .
E 2 This

>

£2 Critical Notes
Proverbs- This advice of making ufe- of the fruits, is more
agreeable to the context ; which is more a coun-
fel to ufe the fummer, than a defcription of it.
XXVIII. 15. As a roaring lion, and a ranging
bear ; fo is a wicked ruler over the poor people.] 0
As a hungry lion, and a thirfty wolf; fo is a beg
garly ruler over a poor people.
17. A man that does violence to the blood of any
perfon, jhall fly to the pit : let no man flay him.] 6,
He that is bail for any one in an indictment for
murder, fhall fly, and not be in fafety.
28. When the wicked, rife, men hide themjelves:
but when they perijh, the righteous, increafe.] 6, —
Honeft men mourn.
XXIX. 13. The poor and the deceitful man meet
together: the Lord lighteneth both their eyes.] 6,
When the ufurer and debtor meet together, the
Lord has the overfight of them both.
1 6. When the wicked are multiplied, tranfgreffion
increofeth : but the righteous Jhall Jee their jail.] 6,
Seeing their fall, fhall take warning.
11. He that delicately brings up his Jervant jrom
a child, will have him become his Jon at length. ] 6,
He that fiom a child fpends lavifhly, fhall become
a fervant ; and a woful account will he of him
at laft. 24. Whojo is partner with a thief, hateth his own
foul: he heareth surfing, and bewrayeth it not.] 6
and Vulg  -when an oath is put tohim, he will
not declare [or, confefs"] the theft.
XXX. 23. "An handmaid that is heir to her mi-
ftrefs.] o, If fhe can turn out her miftrefs ; idv
h&»Kvj xr,\> M^ltx-v owrvig.
31. A grey-hound, an he-goat alfo, and a king,
againft whom there is no rijing up.] 0, A cock
walking ftately among the hens, a he-goat leading
the flock, and a king making a fpeech to his
people. XXXI. 15.

en the Old Testament. 53
XXXI. 15. And a portion to her maidens. ] 4, Proverbs*
And work to her maidens.
17. She girdejh her Joins with firength, and
ftrengtheneth her arms.]' 0, She girds herfelf tight
in the waift, and fets her arms to work.
18. She perceives that her merchandize is good,]
0, She finds that it is good to work.
30. Favour is deceit Jul, and beauty is vain, &c]
h, Dalliances are deceitful, l£c.
Ecclefajtes,
II. 12. "t^OR what can the man do that cometh af-
¦*• ter the king, than that which hath been
already done?] 0, For who is the man that ihall
come after counfel ? All the things which he has
made [or, done by it.] ..Vulg. -For what is man,
that he can follow the king his maker? Greg.
Naz. Who is the man that having carried un-
reafonably, can afterward , recovering himfelf,
return to his duty? «
This laft, which is taken moftly out of 4, is the
only one that is intelligible, and agre.'s with the
context. For Solomon had faid in the words be
fore, that after he had given himfelf to pleafure,
he returned to fee wifdom, &c. which he fays
here, few do ; Where is the man that does it?
It is the beft ground that is in Scripture, for
that, opinion of divines, that Solomon did ever re
cover out of his lapfed condition. But I think
it plain, that all the copies, and Heb. it felf,
out of which the reft were taken, have fuffer'd by
the fcribes.
25. For who can eat ? or who can haftew [here
unto] mare than I?] Vulg. Who fhall eat, and
wallow in pleafure, fo much as I ? 6, Who can
eat, and who can drink, but he? tt»^ ouJxS; [or,
without him, viz, without God.] See f before.
."" E 3 III. 18

54 Critical Notes
Ecckjiajles HI. 18. I Jaid in mine heart concerning the efiate
oj the Jons of men, that God might manifeft them.]
o, That God will judge them. .Vulg. That God
will try them.
IV. 4, All travel, and every right work ; that
for this a man is envied of his neighbour.] i, All
the labour of men, and their induftry ; that this
is the envy [or, emulation] of a man with his
neighbour. 13. Who will no more be admonijhed.] 0, Who
knows not how to take care any longer. Vulg.
Who knows not how to provide for times coming.
14. For out of prijon he cometh to reign: whereas
alfo he that is born in his kingdom, becometh poor.]
Symm. For he [the poor child] out of prifon com
eth to reign.: whereas he [the foolifh king] though
born to a kingdom, becometh poor.
15,16. I confidered-all the living which walk un
der the Jun, with the Jecond child that Jhall fiand
up in bis ftead. There is no end oj all the people ;
even oj all that have been bejore them : they alfo that
come after, fhall. not rejoice in him. ] 6, as Eng.
Vulg. no fenfe at all.
Caft. I obferved that all men under the fun
would accompany the young fucceffor, who was
to come in his father's ftead : fo that there was
an infinite number of people, of thofe going be
fore him, and of thoie following him ; and yet
they fhall not rejoice in him.
V. 1 . Be more ready to hear than to offer the fa-
crifice of fools. ] 6 and Vulg. Come to hear [o'r,
obey;] and that will be a facrifice better than
the gift [or, facrifice] of fools.
VI. 8. What hath the poor, that knoweth to walk
before the living? ] Caft. What advantage has the
•modeft man, that knows how to behave himfelf? Neither

on the Old Testament. $£
Neither 4 nor Vulg. have any thing intelligible. Eakfiaftet.
The Text feems mangled by fcribes in this and
two or three next veries. ,
VII. 1 6, 17. Be not righteous overmuch, Sec. Be
not overmuch wicked, &c] Do not keep under thy
body too much .; nor indulge it too much. Do
not give away more than thou art able; nor be
too parfimonious. Do not exercife juftice too ri-
goroufly ; nor fet up for a man of too great wif-
d9m. 18. He that feareth God, Jhall come Jorth ojthem
all.] 0, To him that feareth God, all things
fhall fucceed.
VIII. 1 . A man's wifdom maketh his jace tojhine ;
and the boldnejs oj his jace Jhall be changed.] 0,—
fhine ; but he that has an impudent look fliall
be hated.
3 . Be not hafty to go out of his fight: .fiand not in
an ill thing.] 0, Be not hafty ; go out of his fight :
ftand not, &c.
6. Becauje to every, purpoje there is time and judg
ment ; therefore the mifery of man is great upon him.]
That confequence is hard to be feen.
4, For to every thing to be done there is time
and judgment •, for the knowledge of man is great
upon him. Vulg. For every bufinefs there is time
and opportunity ; and great is the affliction of
men. 9. There is a time when one man ruleth over an
other to his own hurt.] c, All the things wherein
one has power over another, to afflict him.
1 o. I Jaw the wicked buried, who bad come and
gone jrom the place oj the holy ; and they were for
gotten in the city where they had Jo done : this is alfo
vanity?] a, I have feen wicked men carried [ in
ftate] to their burial, even from the holy place;
and they went and were praifed in the city for
E 4 wha(j

56 Critical Notes
Ecclejafles what they had done: this is alfo a vanity ._ Symm.
- city, as if they had done good things. So
Vulg. X. 3. And he fays to every one that he is a fool.]
o, And every thing that he mufes on, is foolifh.
Vulg- And he thinks every one elfe to be a fool.
Jonah.
THere were from the time of Samuel, prophets
all along the reigns of David, Solomon, and
the fucceeding kings of Judah and IJrael: as in
Dcvid\ time, Gad, Nathan, Sec. and afterward,
Ahjc.hy Elijah, EHJha, Sec. And fome of them
wrote books, as Iddo, and fome others.1 But none
of them nave been preferved, till we come to the
times of Joajh of Judah, and Jehu of Ifrael. In
their time Jonah is fuppos'd to have liv'd, and to
have been fent to Niniveh, the greateft city that
was at that time in the world, and to have pro-
phefy'd the overthrow thereof in 40 days: But
upon their repentance the fentence was revers'd.
This prophecy is fuppos'd to have been about the
year 3852. And Niniveh,- upon that repentance,
flood in its full power ; till above 100 years after,
in Sardanapalus's time, it was befieg'd and taken
(ann. 3967.) and depriv'd of a great part of its
empire ; Baladan, who by Ptolomy is call'd Naba-
¦naffar, now letting up for himfelf at Babylon. This
was in the time of Jotham of Judah, and Peka of
Ifrael, But Niniveh had (till a fucceflion of kings,
Pul, and Sardanapalus [or, Sardan-Pul] and T'tg-
lath-Pilefer, and Salmanafir, and Senacherib: (Some
of whom grievoufly oppre'fs'd the Ten Tribes of
Ifrael, and at laft carry'd them captive ; and the
laft of them threaten'd Judah and Jerufalem) And
was not quite deftroy'd till 120 years after, in
|he time of Jofias {ann, 4088.) when Ifaiah, Na-
bum9

m'^ Old Testament. cjj
hum, and other- prophets, had again foretold the
deftruction thereof. It was finally deftroy'd by
Nabopolaffar, or Nebo-pul-let-zar , the father of
that Nebochadnezzar who deftroy'd Jerufalem1.
The prophet Jonah's name ismention'd, 2 Kings
xiv. 25. where the victories of Jeroboam the Se
cond over Syria, which were about the year 3920.
are faid to have been foretold by this prophet:
but whether he was then living at the fulfilling of
them, is not faid. The book is moft profitably
read about that time in the courfe of the hiftory
of thfc kings of Ifrael. He was himfelf of that
kingdom, of the city Gath-Joepher, which is in the
Tribe of Zabulun; fo that* the Pharifees need not
have told Nicodemus, that out of Galilee arifes no
prophet. The places where the tranflation of 4 has any .
thing different from Heb. are Very few.
I. 3. He went down to Joppa, and found a Jhipjonab.
going to Tarjhijh.] This Tarjhijh here {4, ©#g<ri?)
muft needs have been in the Mediterranean or At
lantic. 5. And be lay, and was Jaft afieep.] o\ Slept
till he fnor'd.
9. I am an Hebrew, and I jear the Lord, Sec]
6, I am a fervant of Jehovah ; and I worfhip the
Lord, &c.
II. 2. Out oj the belly oj hell cried I.]- 0, Of Ha
des. Marg. Of the grave. Vulg. Inferi.
6. The earth with her bars was about me for ever.]
4, The earth, whofe bars are everlafting.
• HI. 4. Tet forty days, and Niniveh Jhall be over
thrown.] 0, Yet three days, &c.
Theodoret notes on this place ; Aq. Symm. and
Thedd. fay, 40 days : And the Syriac, and Heb.
agree with them. "And 'tis probable that 4 at firft
fet the fame number $ but that fome of the firft
copiers

>g Critical Notes r
Jonah, copiers miftook in writing it, and fo it came.inta
all the copies.
IV. 4. Then Jaid the Lord, Doeft thou well to be
angry ? ] 0, Are you mighty angry ?
6. And the Lord prepared a gourd, and made it
to come up over Jonah?] Vulg. Hederam, an ivy.
6, xoAoiwvOiii'. Aq- and Symm. xmewm. Symm.
tuosoV, an ivy. Trem. Crotona, five trixin. Caft.
Cucurbitam ; Alii aliter.
St. Auftin and others quarrell'd with St. Hierom,
that he would out of Heb. tranflate the word ki-
kaion, by the name of one tree, or fhrub, when
all the Latin Church had for feveral years read it
by another name. No language whatfoever has
diftinct and determinate names for all the fpecies
of plants. Joel.
THE prophet that was next in time, is Joeli
a prophet to the kingdom of Judah. They
place his time about the year 3914. the 12th year
of Uzziah. His prophecy was at a time when
there was a great blaft upon corn and grafs in the
field ; and the country was overfpread with nu
merous infects, which the prophet poetically calls
an army of God's fending ; and which threaten'd
a famine. He warns the people to keep a public
faft with deprecation of God's judgments, and de-
fcribes the folemnity and ferioufnefs with which it
muft be obferv'd •, and promifes, upon their true
repentance, the blefling of plenty.
Though there be no mention of any famine or
blaft in the hiftory of the reign of Uzziah of Ju
dah, or Jeroboam of Ifrael ; yet there are paffages
in this book of Joel, and in thofe of Hojea, and
Amos, which are better underftood, if we conceive
of them as written th,en, and dp read them con
junctly

on the Old Testament. 59
junctly with the Eiftory of thofe two kings, where
of one reign'd in Ifrael from 3889. to 3930. and
the other in Judah from 3904. to 3956.

I. 4. That which the canker-worm hath left, hath Joe A
. the caterpillar eaten.] 0, . hath the fm ut de
ftroyed. So Vulg. t and fo Cafi. But Eng. follows
Trem. 5. For it is cut off from your mouth.] i, For
joy and gladnefs is cut off from your mouth.
6. A nation is come up upon my land, ftrong, and
without number.] &,-Um' a poetical defcription
of a multitude of infects.
17. The feed is rotten under their clods.] a, The
cows dance about their racks. Vulg. The cattel
are rotten in their dung.
II. 23. He hath given you the former rain mode-
rately, and he will cauje to come down' Jor you the
jormer rain, and the latter rain in the firft [month.]
0, He hath given you food in righteoufnefs', and
he will fend you the former rain and the latter
rain , as formerly. Vulg. He will give you a
teacher in righteoufnefs, and will fend you the
former and the latter rain, as at firft.
Caft. is asVulg. and Trem. renders the laft words,
primo quoque [tempore,] the firft [opportunity : ]
fo that I know not whom the Englijh tranflators
have follow'd here, in putting in the word [month]
into the Text, and making the latter rain fall in
the firft month, which was their barley harveft.
32. For in'' mount Sion, and in Jerufalem,' Jhall
be deliverance, as the Lord hath Jaid, and in the
remnant whom the Lord Jhall call.] 6, For in
Mount Sion, and in Jerujalem, fhall be a [people]
faved, as the Lord hath faid ; "and preachers of
good tidings [or, to whom good tidings fhall be
preached] whom the Lord fhall call [or, hath
called] dJxyffri^ouiMt, s? Kv'gioy 7Tgao*satA»iT«M. If

60 Critical Notes
Joel. If this of 4 was the Due reading, 'tis pity that
inftead of &uyfc&$pivoi, there fhpuld come in on
ly a word fignifyir.Lr, remnant.
III. i. In that time, when I jhall bring again the
captivity oj Judah and Jerujalem.] This prophet
liv'd 200 years before the Babylonijh captivity ,
and 270 years before the reftauration from it. If
thefe great things which he foretels fhould be, are
to be underftood to be on that reftauration ; it is
the earlieft prophecy of it : But the things that he
mentions, are fuch as feem to refer, not to that,
but to one of a later date, and which is yet fu
ture, and expected. For the judging of the na
tions here defcrib'd, is a thing which did not come
to pafs then ;. but is to be fulfill'd in the times of
Gog and Magog, as was many years after Joel's
time more particularly prophefy'd by Ezekiel.
4. What have ye to do with me, oh Tyre and Si-
don, and all the coafts of Paleftine? ] a, — — and
all Galilee of the Philiftines ?
If Joel liv'd to the time of Ahaz, who was Uz-
ziah's grandfon, and began 3972. fifty and odd
years after Joel's beginning, there is an account,
2 Chron. xxviii. 18. of the Philiftines carrying
captive many of the people of Judah ; but elfe this
muft refer to fome invafions of the Philiftines, not
mention'd in the hiftory.
6. The children alfo of Judah — have ye fold unto
the Grecians.] 6, xoTs i/oft xSv 'eaa^vw. Heb. Ja-
vanim. It is moft likely to be underftood of the pofte-
rity of Javan on the Aft an fide of the water: for
the Grecians on the Europe fide were as yet but a
very obfcure people ; their Olympiads, or wreft-.
lings, (which was the oldeft thing they could re
member) began about this time.
1 1. Thither cauje the mighty men. to come down,
vh Lord.] a, Let the quiet man be made a fol-
dier

w^ Old Testament. 6 1
dier [or, mighty man.] Vulg. There the Lord7«'*
fliall bring down thy mighty men.
III. 14. Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of de-
cifion — day of the Lord in valley of decifion.] 6,
Valley of juftice. Vulg. and Marg. Eng. Valley
pf concifion.
It feems the fame which before was call'd, val
ley of Jehojhaphat, viz. as Trem. judges, the val
ley where. Jehpjhaphat bleffed the Lord for the
great victory : it was nigh to Jerujalem.,
2 1. I will cleanfe their blood that I have not clean-
Jed: jor the Lord dwelleth in Sion.] 0, I will make
inquifition for their blood, and will not hold guilt-
lefs [the fhedder of it] fcff .
Hofea.
WHilft Joel prophefy'd in Judah, Hojea be
gan to do the fame office in. Ifrael. He is
faid to have executed that office in the days of
Jeroboam the Second : But as it is fiid withal, that
he prophefy'd in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, A-
haz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah ; he muft have
continued through the reigns, of many of thofe
ufurping kings of Ifrael, which were after Jero
boam's time. And if he liv'd to the 6th year of
Hezekiah^ he liv'd to the end of that kingdom of
Ifrael, and its utter defolation, which he was the
firft that had foretold, ch. i. 6. And if it, were in
Jeroboam's time that he foretold it, he did it 63
years before the completion ; for it was fo long
between Jeroboam's death, 3930. to the taking of
Samaria, 3993. However, it was in Jeroboam's
time that he foretold the cutting off of Jehuh
race, ch. i. 4. whereof Jeroboam himfelf was the
laft, except the fhort time of his fon Zechary.
He complains and inveighs againft their wick
ednefs in general, (they were it items at this time
3 generally

fa - Critical Notes
generally very corrupt) tand particularly their
idolatry, and their running to AJfyria and to E-
gypt for help. King Jar eb feems to be a nick
name given by this prophet to the kings of Aft,,
fyria, or one of them. Jeroboam himfelf does not
feem to have applied to either of them for help ;
but Menahem the ufurper was fain to give Pul
king of AJfyria 400,000/. for his help to keep-
him on the throne. He taxed the people for the
money, 2 Kings xv. 20. which is the common fate
of a people under an ufurper: They pay very
dear for their own yoke and burden. A little
after this, Tiglath- Pilefer carry'd away captive one
half of the country ; and then Salmanaffar, all the
reft. Hojhea, their laft king had, inftead of truft-
ing in God's help, apply'd to Egypt > which haf-
ten'd his ruin.
Their idolatry was chiefly to Baalim, and to
Jeroboam's calves ; with both which this prophet
does often upbraid them. Jehu had once de
ftroy'd Baal out of Ifrael; but it feems they had
r'eturn'd to that fort alfo of idolatry.
This prophet delights in very fhort fentences ;
moft of them being fimilitudes from husbandry
and ruftic affairs. The fcribes both of Heb. and
4, have at many places made them fhorrer, by
leaving out fome word necefiary for the fentence.
The interpreters are forc'd to make up that defect
by putting in words to compleat the fenfe : but
oftentimes one does it by one word, and another
by another.
Bofea. I. 2. Go, take unto thee a wife of whoredoms,
and children oj whoredoms : Jor the land hath com
mitted great whoredom.] A wife that has been
formerly addicted to whoredom ; that it may be
a pattern of the ftate of Ifrael,, which, though they
3

on the O l d T e s t a m e n t. 6$
they have been fo bafe, God will receive, if pe- Hofea.
nitent. , , -.?
I. 4. I will avenge the blood of Jezreel upon the
houfe of Jehu.] Though- God had commanded
Jehu to do execution upon the houfe of Ahab
(which he did at Jezreel) yet when the Ifraelites
either did it with a wicked heart, or turned from
God who had given them authority, it is imputed
as blood.
, i Vat. here, for the name Jehu, has the name
Judah: but it is a manifeft miftake of fomefcribe.
: Some copies have Jehu, as it fhould be.
10 Yet the number of the children oj Ifrael Jb all
he as the Jand oj the Jea.] St. Paul, Rom. ix. 25,
26. cites and explains this prophecy.
k 11. Then Jhall the children oj judah, and the
children oj Ifrael be gathered together, and appoint
themfelves one head ; and they Jhall come up out of
- the land.] This confirms the opinion of thofe that
•think that with Zorobabel, many of the children
of IJrael came up with the children of Judah.
II. 6. I will hedge up thy way with thorns, and
make a wall, that Jhe jhall not find.] 6,  her
way. - 8 . And multiplied her filver and gold, [which]
they prepared jor Baal.] Marg.  wherewith
they made Baal. 0, ¦ ¦ ¦ but fhe made filver
and golden vefTcls for Baal. Heb. feems to want
'- thofe words.
j; 9. My wooll and my flax [given] to coder her na-
[ kednejs.] i. That they fhall not cover her, l£c.
k ' III. 1 . Who look to other gods, and love flagons oj
; wine.] Marg. , Of grapes. 6, — Puddings with
grapes. Plum-puddings.
2. And for an homer of barley, and an half[bo-
trter] of barley.] 6, ¦¦¦¦'. -and a bottle of wine.
IV. 11.

j§4 . Critical Notes
''Hojea. IV- ii- Whoredom, -and wine, and new wine,
take away the hsart. My people ask, Sec] 4, The
heart of my people is fet on whoring, and wine*,
and drunkennefs. ,,,
1 6. Ifrael fiidetb back as a bachfiiding heifer:
tiow the Lord will feed them as a lamb in a large
place?] 6, Ifrael is as a heifer that is bulling : now
the Lord will feed her as a lamb in large pafture,
i. e. for fatting to be kill'd.
19. The wind hath bound her up in her wings.]
0, A tempeft of wind fhall hifs [or, whittle] in
her wings. 4 Vat. has a-0 S, for ev^S.
V. 1, 2. A net fpread upon Tabor. And the re-
volters are profound to make Jlaughter.] 6, — which
the hunters have fet for their game.
7. Now Jhall a month devour them with their.
portions.] .6.,  . a. canker [or, moth.]
8. After thee, oh Benjamin.] 6, Benjamin is a-
mazed, \%ksti.
1 2-. And to the houje of Judah, as rottennejs,].
Marg As a worm. 0, As a fting.
VI. 7. But they, like men have tranfgreffed the co
venant.] Marg. Like Adam. 0, But'they are like
a man that breaks his promife.
10, 11, Ifrael is defiled. Alfo, oh Judah', he hath
fet an harveft for thee, &c] .4, Ifrael is defiled,
and alfo Judah. Begin to gather thy vintage, cifV.
VII. 6. They have made ready their heart like an
oven, whiles they lie in wait.] 6, Their hearts are
heated as an oven, &c.
9. The pride of Ifrael doth teftifie to his jace.]
, 6, The pride of Ifrael fhall be brought down to
his face.
Juft fo was Heb. and fo was 4, oh. v. 5.
12./ will cbaftife them, as their congregation hath
heard.] i,  . at the hearing of their calamity.
Vulg.  at the hearing of their congregation. Here

omthe Old Testament. 6j
Here muft have been a word, which one inter- Hofea.
preted [calamity,] another [congregation,]
VII. 13. Deftruclion unto them; becauje they have
tranjgreffed againft me.] 0, They are in a wretch
ed condition, becaufe, &c.
14. They have not cried to me with their heart,
when they howled upon their beds.] o\ — they only
howled upon their beds.
VIII. 5, 6. Thy calf, 0 Samaria, has caft thee
off: mine anger is kindled againft them : how long
will it be ere they attain to innocency ? For from
Ifrael was it aljo ; the workman made it, therefore
it is not God: but the calf of Samaria Jhall be bro
ken in pieces.] 6, Oh Samaria, break thy calf in
pieces; mine anger is kindled againft them: how
long will it be ere they be cleanfed in IJrael? The
workman made it, therefore it is not God : thy
calf, O Samaria, is it that has milled thee.
7. It has no ftalk ; the bud Jhall yield no meal.]
4, A fheaf that has no fubftance to yield meal.
10. Though they have hired among the nations,
now will T gather them ; and they Jhall Jorrow a
little [Marg. begin a little] jor the burden oj the
king oj princes.] 0, Therefore they fhall be deli
vered up among the nations ; now will I gather
them : they fhall take little pains to anoint a king
and princes. Vulg. They fhall reft a little from
the burden of a king and princes. Caft. I will
fo gather [i.e. purjifh] them, that the princes
fhall grieve but little for the fate of their king.
13. They Jacrifice flejh jor the facrifice of mine
offering, and eat it — they Jhall return into Egypt.]
Here 4 add, And fhall eat unclean things in AJ
fyria. 14. And hath built temples.] 0, Built groves.
IX. 6. For lo, they are gone, becaufe of deftruc-
tion : Egypt Jhall gather them up, Memphis Jhall
bury them.] 9, Therefore they are gone by the
Vol. II, F calamity

66 • Critical Notes,
tiofea. calamity of Egypt: Memphis fhall rStefeWe'fhem,
Machmajh fhall bury them.
7. Ifrael Jhall know it: the prophet is a jool, the'
Jpiritual man is mad, jor the multitude oj thine ini
quity, and the great hatred.] 4, IJrael fhall be de-
fpifed [or, punifhed] as a prophet that is mad,, as
an enthufiaftical man: for the multitude of thine
iniquities thy madnefs is increafed. Caft. IJrael
fhall know that the prophets [meaning thofe. that
preach'd peace to them] were mad, and vain,£5JV.
There muft have been a word which 4 tranflated
KOMuDyio-Qvleu ' the latter interpreters, cognojcent.
8. The prophet is the Jnare of a fowler in all his
ways, and hatred in the houfe of his God.] 0, 
ways, and they have fet madnefs in the houfe of
God. Vulg. as 4.
13. Ephraim (as 1 faw Tyrus) is planted in a
pleafant place ; but Ephraim Jhdl bring forth his
children to the murderer.] 0, Ephraim, as I have
feen, has expofed her children for a prey ; and
Ephraim has brought his fons to flaughter.
X. 1. Ifrael is an empty vine: he bringeth forth
fruit to himfelf] 0,  a well-branched vine; his
fruit is thriving. Vulg. as 6.
5,6. The inhabitants of Samaria fhall fear, be
caufe of the calves of Beth-aven  It Jhall alfo be
carried into A fyria for a prefent to king Jareb.] 0,
—fear for the calf of Beth-aven  It fhall, &rY.
If the meaning be in f 6. that it [viz. the
golden calf] fhould be carried, csV. then it is
plain that <Hs right in f 5. putting it in the An
gular number, xu p6%u>,
10. When T fhall bind them in their two fur
rows.] Marg. For their two tranfgreffions. Vulg.
When they fhall be punifhed for their two tranf-
grefficns. 6, When I fliall punifh them for their
¦ two tranfgreffions. Trem. — bind them in their
two habitations ; meaning, Jerujalem and Samaria.
Punijhing,

ot/& Old Testament. 6 J
Punijhing, which is in 6 and Vulg. feems more Hofea.
agreeable to the fenfe, than binding.
X. 14. As Sbalman Jpoiled Betb-arbel in the day
of battle: the mother Was dajh'd, Sec] Vulg. As
Salmana was wafted [or, driven] from his houfe*
who vindicated Baal in the-day of battle.
4, for [Sbalman] has [Salmana,] and for Betb-
arbel] has [the houfe of Jeroboam ;] 4 Alex. [Je-
robaal.] So that they muft think it to refer to
Gideon, or Jerub-baal beating Zeba and Zal-
munna, or Salmana. But the words put toge
ther make no fenfe.
Trem. and UJher make Sbalman to be Salmana*
Jar, and Betb-arbel, or, the houfe of Arbela, to
be a province of AJfyria nigh to Arpad, mention'd
2 Kings xviii. 34. as conquer'd by Senacherib's an-
ceftors (and fo probably by Salmanafar.) This
Arbel was famous afterward for thedecifive battle
between Alexander and Darius.
15. So Jhall Beth-el do unto you, becauje oj your
great wickednefs.] 0, So will I do unto you, O
houfe of IJrael, becaufe of your# great wicked
nefs. Beth-el may perhaps have been written for Beth-
IJrael. Ibid. In a morning Jhall the king oj IJrael be uU
terly cut off.] 6 and Vulg. As the morning paffeth
away, fo is the king of Ifrael paffed away.
XI. 1, 2. When Ifrael was a child, then I loved
him, and called my fon out of Egypt. As they called
them, fo they went from them.] 0, When Ifrael
was a child, and I loved him, and called his chil
dren out of Egypt ; as I called them, fo they went
from my face.
Vulg. Becaufe Ifrael was a child, and I loved
him, and called my fon out of Egypt, they called
thera ; fo they went from their face.
F 2 It

68 Critical Notes
Hofea. It is pretty plain that Heb. and Vulg. in the lat
ter fentence have [they called,] inftsad of [I cal
led.] In the former 'fentence St. Matthew, [if
thatfecond chapter be his] or his interpreter, cites
it as it is in Heb. (as St. Matthew commonly does)
My fon. Not as it is in 4, His children. Aq.
tranflates as St. Matthew's interpreter does.
XI. 4. I was to them as they that take off the yoke
on their jaws.] 0,  as a man that ftroaketh
[a child] on the cheek.
5. He Jhall not return into the land oj Egypt;
but the Affyrian fhall be his king.] 0, Ephraim
has fojourned in Egypt ; and the Affyrian fhall
[now] be his king.
7. And my people are bent to backfiiding jrom me:
though they called them to the mofi High, none at all
would exalt him.] 0, And his people fhall depend
on his dwelling [with them : ] and God will fhew
his indignation againft his precious things, and
will not exalt him.
Vulg. And my people fhall depend on my re
turn [to them:] and a yoke fhall be laid upon
him at once, which fhall not be taken off".
As Vulg. is like 4, fo the latter Latin tranfla
tions are like Eng. It is hard to think how from
the fame Hebrew words fo different tranflations
fhould be made.
1 1 . They Jhall tremble as a bird out oj Egypt—
and I will place them in their houjes , faith the
Lord.] Vulg. They fhall fly as a bird, &c. 4,
in fome of its copies, They fhall come as a bird.
Trem. They fhall come trembling as a bird.
The refloring them from Egypt and AJfyria, to
their homes, which is here, and in fome following
texts, promifed, we. know not, when • it was ful
fill'd, unlefs a considerable number of them came
back with thofe of the two Tribes.
XL 12.

on the Old Testament. 69
XI. 12. But Judah yet ruleth with God, and isUofea.
faithful with the faints.] Marg. With the moft
Holy. 4, Is called a holy people of God. Vulg.
But Judah cometh down as a witnefs with God,
and is faithful with the faints.
XII. 8. In all my labours they fhall find none ini
quity in me, that were fin.] 0, All his labours
fhall not be found [or, fucceed] to him, becaufe
of his fins which he has committed.
XIII. 2. They Jay oj them, Let the men that fa
crifice, kifs the calves.] 0, They fay, Ye muft fa
crifice men ; for there are no more calves.
Vulg. They fay to them, Sacrifice [or, flay]
the men that worfhip the calves.
Caft. and Marg. Eng. Let the facrihcers of
men kifs the calves. Meaning, they that will fa
crifice men, i. e. their children, fhall be admitted
to kifs the calves.
5. I did know thef in the wildernefs, in a land of
great drought.] 6, I fed thee  in a land unin
habited. 10. I will be thy king: where is [any other] that
may fave thee.] 9, Where is thy king ? let him
fave thee.
14. 0 death, I will be thy plagues ; oh grave, I
will be thy deftrutlion.] 9, Oh death, where is thy
victory; and thy fling, oh Hades?
In the prefent editions of 4, it is, SUvi as, which
St. Paul's citation of it fhews fhould be vi'jmj a-%.
15. Though he be fruitful among his brethren, an
eaft-wind Jhall come, the wind oj the Lord (hall come
up jrom the wildernefs, and his fpring Jhall become
dry.] 6, Therefore he fhall divide among his bre
thren, the Lord fhall bring a burning wind out
of the wildernefs upon him, and fhall dry up his
veins, and empty his fprings. Vulg. as 4.
XIV. 2. So will we render the calves oj our lips.]
0, The fruit of our lips.
F 3 - , XIV. 8.

yo Critical Notes
Hojea. XIV. 8. I have heard him, and objerved him:
I am like a green fir-tree, from me is thy fruit
found.] o, I have weakened him, and I will
ftrengthen him : I will be to him as a fhady ju
niper-tree, from me, &c. Amos.
AMOS prophefy'd in IJrael in the times of
*/i- Uzziah king of Judah, and Jeroboam of IJrael,
as Hojea did. They place him after Hojea ; be
caufe Hojea at the end of his firft chapter pro-
phefies of a drought, which Amos in his 4th chap
ter fpeaks of as a calamity then prefent. Abp.
Ujher fuppofes him to have begun 10 or 12 years
before Jeroboam died (which was 3930. ) for a
reafon to be mention'd at ch. viii. 9, 10.
He feems to have been himfelf of the kingdom
of Judah, but called by God to go and prophefie
in IJrael: And Amaziah the prieft of Bethel threat
en'^ him, and bade him be gone from thence,
and go and prophefie in his own country. He
had been educated at Tekoah (which, it feems, is
a city of Judah) among the herdmen there, ch. i.
1. ajid vii. 14, 15. He began two years before
the earthquake which was in Uzziah's time ; but
we know not what year.
Amos. I.3. Becauje they have threjhed Gilead with threjh-
ing infiruments oj iron.] 0, Becaufe they fa wed
afunder the women great with child in Gilead with
iron faws. Vulg.  r-have threfhed Gilead with
wagons [or, wheels] of iron.
Beating out the corn with wheels going upon it,
might be then in ufe ; not iron flails, I fuppofe.
5. From the houfe of Eden: and the people of Sy
ria Jhall go into captivity unto Kir.] 0, From the
men of Charran [or, Haran.] This

on the Old Testament. 71
This was fulfill'd in Ahaz's time, 60 or yoAmos.
years after this prophecy.
II. 1. Becauje he burnt the bones oj the king oj
Edom into lime.] ' This explains 2 Kings iii. 27.
6, 7. They have Jold the righteous jor filver, and
the poor for a pair of fhoes. That pant after the duft
of the earth on the head of the poor.] 0,  and
the poor for a pair of fhoes to walk on the duft
of the earth. They have beat with their fift the
head of the poor.
It is plain that Heb. has loft that verb which 4
render by hovfvAurxv • Vulg. by conterunt : Call, by
peffundanl. What the panting after the duft on
the head of the poor, can mean, nobody can guefs.
Trem. fays, They long for the head of the poor,
to throw it in the dirt. Vulg. and Caft. fomething
better, They tread down the head of the poor in
to the duft. But certainly 4 does righter, to put
the duft to the fhoes, not to the head.
7. A man and his jather will go in unto the Jams
maid.] Marg. Young woman.
It is obfervable againft the Jews, -who would
overthrow the Chriftians argument from If. vii. 14.
that Heb. here, and in fuch cafes, does not, as it
does there, ufe the word halmah, nor 0, ntx^ivo;,
but TTflMth'oTOJ.
8. And they, lay themfelves down upon cloaths
laid to pledge, by every altar ; and they drink the
wine of the condemned in the houfe of their god.] 6,
And tying their coats together v/ith ropes, have
made canopies nigh their altar ; and they drink
wine gotten by falfe accufations in the houfe of
their god.
1 6. He that is couragious among the mighty, Jhall
fly away naked in that day, Jaith the Lord.] 4,—
fhall not find his heart among the mighty : a na
ked man fhall purfue him in that day, faith the
Lord.
F 4 Marg

72 Critical Notes
Amos. Marg. and Vulg. &c. do own that in Heb. there
is the word heart.
III. 12. That dwell in Samaria, in the corner of
a bed, and in Damafcus in a couch,] Vulg. and Caft.
lying on the fide of their beds, and in their
Damajcene couches.
13. Hear ye, and teftifie to the houje oj Jacob.]
4, Hear ye, oh priefts, and teftifie, &c.
IV. 2. He will take you away with hooks, and
your pofterity with fijh -hooks.] 4, They fhall take
you in your armour, and caft thofe that are with
you into burning caldrons, you wicked merchants
[or, traders.]
Vulg. They fhall lift you up with poles, and
[caft] the remainder of you into fcalding cal
drons. 3 . You Jhall go out at the breaches, every one at
that which is bejore her ; and you Jhall caft them in
to the palace] 4, You fhall be carried out naked
before one another ; and you fhall be thrown on
the mountain Romman. Alex. Remman. Vulg.
Armon. Caft. Armon,
4. Bring your Jacrifices every morning, and your
tithes after three years?] 4 and Vulg. Three days.
V. 3. The city which went out [by] a thoujand,
Jhall leave an hundred, Sec?] 4, The city out of
which went a thoufand, fhall have an hundred
left, CsV.
6. And there be none to quench it in Beth-el.] 4,
In IJrael.
7. Ye who turn judgment to wormwood, and leave
off righteoufnefs in the earth.] 6, [Seek him] who
doeth judgment on high, and placeth righteouf
nefs in the earth.
8. [Seek him] that maketh the feven ftars, and
Orion, &c] 4, Who maketh all things, and fit-
teth them, 6fV. V. 26.

on the O I, d T e s t am e n t. 73
V. 26. But you have born the tabernacle of your Amos.
Moloch and Chiun," your images, the ftar oj your
God, which you made to your Jelves.] 4, But you
took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the ftar
of your god Raiphan, the images of thofe which
you made for your felves.
Moloch, or Melchom, was the idol of the Am
monites: The other idol, which in 4 is called Rai
phan, or Rempban, but in Heb. Chiuyi, was, as
Selden, de Diis Syris, fhews, the fame idol which ,
by the Romans was call'd Saturn ; perhaps the
name of it at Alexandria, where the 4 tranflators
liv'd, was Raiphan, or Rempban. St. Stephen,
AUs vii. cites it as it is in 4: But in the hiftory
of Mojes we do not read of any fuch idol as Mo
loch, or Saturn, under any name worfhipped in
thofe forty years travel in the wildernefs.
27. To go into captivity beyond' Damajcus, faith
the Lord, &c. ] It is in 4, Damajcus, as in Heb.
But St. Stephen's citation is in almoft all MSS.
beyond Babylon. The difference is of no mo
ment: for they were carried beyond both one
apd the other. Perhaps the Ten Tribes were
carried by the Affyrian kings into Media, by the
way of Damajcus; and the Two Tribes by Ne
buchadnezzar by fome other way to Babylon, and
beyond it. Since Media is alfo beyond Babylon,
poffibly St. Stephen, applying it to both, might
chufe to name Babylon.
VI. 1,2. Woe to them that are at eaje in Sion,
and trufi in the mountain oj Samaria, which are na
med chief of the nations to whom the houje oj IJrael
came. Pajs ye unto Calneh.] 6, Woe to them
that defpife Sion, and truft in the mountain of
Samaria ; they defpoiled the chief of the nations,
and entered in themfelves. Oh houfe of IJrael,
pafs ye, &rV. VI. 3.

74

Critical Notes
VI. 3. That put jar away the evil day, andcduje
the feat of violence to come near. ] 4 Vat. That
come to the evil day. 6 Alex. That wifh for the
evil day. Vulg. That are feparated to the evil
day, and draw near to the feat of iniquity.
6. That drink wine in bowls.] 4, That drink
the fineft wine ; ohov <&uA«r(wsvoi'.
7. The banquet of them that ftr etched tbemfehes,
Jhall be removed.] 9, The neighing of horfes fhall
be removed from Ephraim. Vulg. The party of
the wanton men fhall be taken away.
8. I abhor the excellency oj Jacob.] 4, The pride
of Jacob. Vulg. as 4.
1 o. A man's uncle Jhall take him up, and be that
burnelh him, &c] 4, And they that are left, and
their uncles, fliall take them up, l£c.
4 has nothing here, nor any where elfe, of burn
ing the dead,
VII. 1. And lo, it was the latter growth after the
king's mowings.] 6, And lo, there was one of
them, a locuft, Gog their king. Vulg. And lo,
it was the latter growth after the fhearing of the
flock. When Amos had faid before, that it was the
latter growth, he would not, if he meant only •
to fay it again, put an ecce to it. There feems
to have been no word in this fentence written
plainly, but the word king: And that the fcribe
of Vulg. has loft by writing gregis, inftead of regis,
poft tonfionem regis, after the king's mowing ; poft
tonfionem gregis, after the fhearing of the fheep.
4. And it devoured the great deep, and did eat
up a part.] 4, y.i%i$«. Kugte, the Lord's part, or
portion. VIII, 8. It Jhall rife up wholly as a flood; and
it Jhall be caft out and drowned, as by the flood
of Egypt. ] 0, And deftruftion fhall come as a
river ; it fhall cpme down as the river of Egypt. Vvk.

o» AOld Testament. 73
as well as 4, makes it refer to the river 5
meaning the inundation of the Nile. The fame
words are, ch. ix. 5.
VIII. 9, 10. i" will caufe the Jun to go down at
noon, and I will darken the earth in the clear day:
And I will turn your jeafts into mourning.] Abp.
UJher, reading this text, conceiv'd it to be like
the defcription of an eclipfe of the fun ; and look
ing the tables, to fee what eclipfes of the fun had
been about that time on any of the Jewijh feafts,
he finds one of 10 digits in the year 3923. (which
was the 35th of Jeroboam) on June 24. at their
feaft of Pentecoft. And 1 1 years after, in the
year 3934. another on Novemb. 8. in their feaft
of Tabernacles. And a third a little after, on
May 5. when on that year was the feaft of the
Paffpver : The two laft eclipfes very near total,
So that whereas the Greecs do celebrate Tholes,
(who liv'd 200 years after this time) as the firft
that ever foretold the time of an eclipfe; Amos
long before him feems by divine inftinct to have
done it. By this the Bp. muft fuppofe him to
have begun before the year 3923.
IX. 7. HaVe not I brought up — the Philiftines
jrom Caphtor, and the Syrians jrom Kir? ] 9 and
Vulg. Cappadocia.
1 9. 1 will fifit the houfe of IJrael among all nations,
as corn is fijted in a fieve.] 9,  fan ¦
fanned with a fan.
1 2 . That they may poffejs the remnant oj Edom,
and oj all the heathen, which are called by my name,
Jaith the Lord that doeth this.] 4, That the refidue
of men might feek after the Lord, and all the
Gentiles upon whom my name is called, faith the
Lord who does all thefe things.
Here is a plain fpecimen how the Heb. fcribe
has in fome places quite fpoil'd the fenfe by mif-
fpelling or mif-pointing a word. The fenfe of
this

7$ Critical Notes
•Amos. this place has nothing to do with Edom : But
Adam has been mif-pointed Edom. St. James,
AEts xv. cites it as in 4.
IX. 13. And the mountains Jhall drop Jweet wine,
and all the hills Jhall melt.] 0,  be planted.
So Vulg.
14, 15. And I will bring again the captivity of
my people Ifrael, Sec. ] If this be underftood of
the Ten Tribes, to whom Amos prophefied, we
kriow of no time when it was fulfill'd, unlefs by
the coming of many of them along with the Two
Tribes with Zorobabel, or afterward with Ezra,
or Nehemiah. Ifaiah.
ISAIAH was a prophet to the kings and peo
ple of Judah. He began in the times of the
three laft foregoing prophets ; but feems to have
been younger, and began later than any of them.
Hofea prophefied in the times of all the fame kings
of Judah- that Ifaiah did: But he began before
Jeroboam of Ifrael was dead, who died 26 years
before Uzziah's death ; and it was probably in the
latter days of Uzziah that Ifaiah began, for there
is in the book no year of Uzziah mention'd, but
the year on which he died, ch. vi. f- 1 . The
Chronology of Marg. Eng. fets his beginning at
3954. which is two or three years before Uzziah
died. He does not feem to have had any acquaintance
or perfonal converfe with Uzziah, or Jotham: But
to Ahaz and Hezekiah he was fent by God with
fpecial mefiages. As in his firft and middle times
he was contemporary with Hofea, and Joel, and
Amos ; fo in his middle and latter times he had
Micah for his contemporary, who began in Jo-
tham's time, and continued to Hezekiah's. There
6 is

on the O l d Testament. 77
is a tradition that Ifaiah continued to Manaffeh's-
time ; and that he was by order of that monftrous
wicked king murder'd and fawn afunder; and
that it is to him for one, that the author of the
Ep. to Hebrews refers when he fays, Some pro
phets or holy men were fawn afunder. But of
this there is no certain hiftorical evidence.
¦ IJdiah's ftyle is different from that of the other
prophets. A fublime, copious, and very eloquent
ftyle : the metaphors exalted, and becoming that
which we call a tragic ftyle. Though the Holy
Spirit directed them all ; yet he left to each his
peculiar idiom of phrafe : Which is a thing plainly
apparent to any one that compares the book of
Ifaiah with thofe of Hofea or Amos.
He is commonly call'd the Evangelical Pro
phet ; and with good reafon : For he has plainer
and fuller defcriptions of the character of theMef-
fiah that was to come, than any of the other. The
Jews and Atheifts do difpute our applying to Je-
fus Chrift thofe in ch. vii. and ix. But they can
have no tolerable evafion from the plainnefs of
thofe from f 13. of ch., Iii. to the end ofch. liii.
compar'd with the hiftory of our Saviour's life.
and doctrine, fufferings, death and refurrection,
which were above 700 years after ; nor can deny
the one to contain a plain prophetical refemblance
of the other. He prophefied alfo of the captivity,
and told Hezekiah that his children or pofterity
fhould be eunuchs in the palace of the kings of
Babylon ; and of Cyrus by name, who fhould be
the reftorer of the Jews from that Captivity : And
this above 200 years before the reftoration, and
alrnoft 200 before the captivity it felf He
prophefied alfo of a fpre-runner before the Mef-
fiah. 4 does in fome places help a reader to underftand
the ,fenfe and aim of the prophet, either by a
righter

j% Critical Notes
righter rendering of Heb. or by directing to ap
prehend what was the old reading of it ; and
would probably in more places, if he am.ong the
tranflators, to whom we now give the name of 6,
had had more skill, or a better faculty at tranfla-
ting. But the general verdict of learned men,
is, that this book has had its Greec tranflation far
inferior to what it deferv'd: And the antient
Chriftians before St. Hierom's time, had a great
mifs of the edification they might have had by
this book, when they had nothing but the Greec
copy of it, which is in many places, very defec
tive of expreffing the prophet's high fenfe. And
yet, as all old copies or tranflations, it has at fome
places the reading which one may judge by the
context to have been the true reading of the ori
ginal.
Ifaiah, I. 3. But Ifrael doth not know; my people doth
not confider. ] i, — doth not know me ; my
people, &c.
8. The daughter oj Sion is lejt as a cottage.] 0
and Vulg. Shall be left.
12, 13. When you come to appear bejore me,' who
hath required this at your hand to tread my courts ?
Bring no more vain oblations, incenfe is an abomina- .
tion to me, the new moons and fabbatbs, the calling
of affemblies I cannot away with, it is iniquity, even
the jolemn meeting. Your new-moons, and your ap
pointed jeafis my Joul batetb.] 9, Do not come to
appear before me, for who hath required this at
your hands ? You fhall no more tread my courts.
When you bring the meal, it is a vain oblation,
it is an abomination to me, your new-moons, and
fabbaths, and your great day, I cannot away with:
your faffing and forbearing of work, and your
new-moons,\and your feafts my foul hateth ; I
?. am

c» /^ Old Testament. 79
am fatiated with them. I will no longer hear Ifaiah.
with your iniquities.
I. 29. They fhall be ajhamed of the oaks which you
have defired.] 6 and Vulg.  idols which they
have defired [or, to which they facrificed.]
3 1. The ftrong Jhall be as low, and the maker oj
it as a Jpark.] 6 and Vulg. Their ftrength as tow,
and their works as a fpark.
II. 6. They are replenished from the eaft, and are
fouthfayers like the Philiftines ; and they pleafe them-
felves in the multitude of ftr angers.] 4, Their coun
try is replenifhed as at the beginning with for-
ceries, as the country of the Philiftines is, and
they abound with the children of ftrangers.
Vulg. is as 4. The miftake is not in Heb. but
in Eng. rendering the word [as at the beginning]
i. e. as when the Heathen nations inhabited there,
by [from the eaft.] The Philiftines were not eaft,
but weft.
9. The mean man boweth down , and the great
man humbleth himfelf ' , therefore forgive them not.]
4, And I will not forgive them.
Here, and in many fuch places, Adam in Heb.
"Avflfwro? in 4; Homo in Vulg. is tranflated [mean
man, or common man:] And ifh in Heb. dvya in
6, and vir in Vulg. is tranflated [great man] which
directs the tranflating of Gen. vi. 2. The fons of
Elohim, [i. e. of the great men] faw the daugh
ters of Adam [i.e. of the common men.]
1 6. Upon all the flips of Tarjhijh, and upon all
pleafant piclures.] 0,  and upon all the bra
very of fine fhips.
18, 19. And the idols he jhall utterly abolijh?
And they Jhall go into the holes of the rocks, and into
the caves oj the earth.] 4, And all their idols they
fhall hide, carrying them into caves, and clefts
in the rocks, and holes in the ground.
The like conftruction of the words at f 20, 21.
HI. 3.

go Critical Notes
Ifaiah. III. 3. And the honourable man, and the coun*
Jellor, and the cunning artificer, Sec] 4, And the
wonderful counfellor, and the cunning artificer,
&c. B-cwptaw c-u^gaAoj, the wonderful counfellor, is
the fame phrafe as is ufed, ch. ix. 6. by Aq. and
by 4 Alex. Aid. and Comp. Where Eng. is, His
name jhall be called Wonderful, Counfellor, Sec. Vulg.
is there, admirabilis, confiliarius, &c. but here,
honorabilem vultu, & confiliarium.
6. Saying, Thou haft cloatbing, be thou our ruler,
and let this ruin be under thy hand.] 4,  and
let my food be under thee : Or, let me board with
thee. 9. They have rewarded evil unto themfelves.] 4,
They have devifed an evil counfel againft them
felves. 10. Say ye to the righteous, it Jhall be well with
him ; Jor they jhall eat oj the jruit oj their doing.]
6, Saying, Let us bind the righteous man ; for he
is not good for us : therefore they fhall eat, &e.
12. As jor my people, children are their opprej-
fors, and women rule over them : O my people, they
which lead thee cauje thee to err, Sec] 4, O my
people, your own agents drain you, and cheats
rule over you : my people, they that call you blef-
fed, caufe you to err, &c.
1 6. The daughters oj Sion — walking and mincing
as they go, and making a tinkling with their feet.]
4,  walking and dragging the tails of their
gowns after them.
24. There Jhall be — inftead oj a Jweet Jmell, a
ftink ; and inftead of a girdle, a rent.] 0 and Vulg,
 a rope.
25. Thy men jhall Jail by the Jword, and thy
mighty in the war.] 4, Thy prettieft child, which
thou loveft , fhall fall by the fword, and thy
mighty, Cffa HI. z6.

on the Old Testament. 8 i
III. 26. And thy gates Jhall mourn.] 4, Thy Ifil'k
chefis full of fine cloths fhall mourn.
IV. 5. For on all the glory Jhall be a defence.]
jifarg. Above all the glory fh. 11 be a covering,
14, And fhe fhall be covered with the whole glory.
V. 8. Lay field to field, till [there he] no place,
thai they may be placed alone in the midft oj the
earth?] 9,  that they may takeaway fofne of
their neighbours land. Whilst !' would you dwell
alone upon the earth?
This is exprefs'd in» Job, Who build defolate
houfes. ;. .
1 o- Ten acres oj vineyard Jhall yield one bath,
and the Jeed oj an homer Jhall yield' an ephah.] 4,
Land plowed by ten yoke of oxen fhall yield one
h^afU9i, and he that fowS fix dgxa'Sag fhall reap
three pix^d. Vulg. Thirty modii [or, pecks] of
feed fliall yield three modio's.
All thefe come to the fame effect : And are, ' if
exprefs'd by Englijh meafure, as to fay, Tenbufh-
els of feed fhall yield one buihel. ,
14. And their glory, and their multitude, and their
pomp, and he that rejoiceth, Jhall dejCend into it.]
$, The noblemen, the great men, the rich men,
and the wicked men, Ao»po/, fhall go down into it.
15. See chap. ii. 9.
17; Then Jhall the lambs jeed ajter their manner; ,
and the waft e places of the fat ones jhall fir angers
eat.] 6, And they that had been fcattered [or,
pillaged] fhall feed as oxen, and lambs fhall feed
on the wafte places of thofe that had been carried
away: , .
Vulg.—— and the wafte places being turned in
to fat ones fhall ftrangers eat.
The word [ftrangers] which is oOt in 4, feems?
to diftufb the fenfe.
Vol. It G V.18.

82 Critical Notes
Ifaiah. V. 1 8 . Woe to them that draw iniquity with cords'
oj vanity, and fin as it were with a cart-rope.] 9,
— that draw on fins as with a long rope, and
iniquity as with a trace. >
25. And their cdrdajes were torn in the midft 0J\
the ftreets.] 4, — ——were as dung in the middle1
of the roads.
VI. 1. And bis train filled the temple.] 0, And
the houfe was filled with his glory. As f 3,
and 4.
2. Above it [meaning the Temple] fiood the Je-
raphim.] i, Round about him [meaning Jeho?,
vab] flood the feraphim.
9, 10. Hear, ye indeed, but underfiand not'T and;,
jee ye "indeed, but perceive -not. Make the heart of
this people jat, and make their ears heavy, and (hut
their eyes: left, Sec?] 6, Hearing ye fhall hear,11
but you will not mind it ; and hearing ye fhall
hear, but ye will not perceive. For the heart of
this people is waxed grofs, and their ears are
dull of hearing, and their eyes have they clofed:
left, &c.
This fentence is cited by our Saviour, Matt.
xiii. 14. and by St. Paul, ASls xxviii. 26. in the
very words of 4. And there is a confiderable dif
ference : for by Heb. the words might be fo mif
took, as iflhe obdurations were order'd by God.
11,12. Until— the land be utteHy dejolate ; and
the Lord have removed men jar away, and there be
a great forfaking in the midft oj the land.] i, The
lancffhall be utterly defolate : . And afterward God
will enlarge [or, multiply] men [6 Alex, ^wvii;
but 6 Vat. fA,i>tot>\>w] and they that, are left fhall be
multiplied in the land..
13. As an oak whoje Jubftance is in. them, when
they caft [their leaves: Jo] the holy feed [fhall be]
the jubftance thereof] 6, As an oak, and as an
acorn when it falls out of its cup.
Of

iift/foOLD Testament; 83
Of the laft words, Holy feed, fubftance, 4 ha&tfaiah
nothing. Vulg The holy feed fhall be it that
fhall ftand in it.
VII. 1. And it came to pafs in the days of Ahaz,
Sec] This was the beginning of Ahaz: for Re
zin and Pekah had begun this war in Jotham's
time, 2 Kings xv. 37. and in Menahem's time
(who began the 4th of Ahaz) the calamity of IJ
rael by Tiglatb-Pilejer came. See on f \6.
4. For the two tails oj thefe Jmoking firebrands,
for the fierce anger oj Rezin with Syria, and oj the
fon oj Remaliab.] &, For the two fticks of thefe
fmoking torches; for when thcangerof my fury ,
fhallbe done, I will again heal.
8, Within threejcore and five years jhall Ephraim
be .broken, that it be not a people.] Shalmanejer
tpok Samaria, and carried the people away, in
the 9th year of Hojheab, 2 Kings xvii. 8. which
was but 25 years after Ahaz's beginning. There
fore fome think there is a miftake of the fcribe in
this number 6§. Others interpret the duration
from the time of Hojea's and Amos's prediction*
to the extermination, which was indeed about 65.
See Hojea i. 4. Ufher takes another way in his
Annals at the year 4037.
!»:. 16. For bejore the child Jhall know— the land
which thou abhorrefi Jhall be Jorfaken of both her
kings.] 0 and Vulg. Of the two kings, or, their
two kings,
About the 4th year of Ahaz , Tiglath -Pilejer
at Ahaz's requeft came againft Damajcus, and flew
,Rezin, 2 Kings xvi. 9. And about the fame time
Hofhea flew Pekah, 2 Kings xv. 30. For that is
faid there to be done the 20th year from Jotbam's
beginning, which is the 4th of Ahaz: for Jotham
>reign'd but 16. See on f 1.
20. The Lord Jhall Jhave with a razor that is.
hired, namely by them beyond the river, by the king
G 2 $

&f Critical Notes
Ifaiah. oj AJfyria.] 4,  that is hired [or fent for] from?
beyond the river, the king of AJfyria.
Ahaz hired the king of AJfyria to help him a>
gainft his enemies. He did deftroy the enemies j
hut at the fame time fo pillag'd Ahaz's people,
that it is call'd a fhaving of them. But all this
threatening feems to be aimed at Ephraim, or the
Ten Tribes: for though it be faid, f iy. upon
thee, as if he fpake to Ahaz ; yet the words be
fore being' concerning Ephraim, the prophet feems
to fpeak by an apoftrophe to them : and they
were a little after carried away, all of them that
were beyond Jordan, and many of the reft. The
words of this verfe [beyond the, river] are in Eng.
tranflated [from beyond the river;] but in Vulg.
[in his qui trans fluvium funt ;] and in 9 Vat. Am
ply, Trigav'tS itdap.5- in Alex, and Marfhal's co
dex, S i$iv irif>a,v • and in Symm. cv ju iti^v. And
all from hence to the end of this and the next chap
ter, which is a very obfcure fpeech, is more eafily
apprehended if conceiv'd concerning the defla
tion of Ephraim.
VIII. 1, 2. Concerning Maher-Jhalal-bajh-baz.
And I took unto me faithful witneffes, Uriah the
prieft, and Zechariah 4he Jon oj Jeberechiah.] 4,
and Vulg. and Marg. Concerning making fpeeij
to the fpoil. [4 adds. For it is at. hand] So I took
unto me faithful witneffes, Uriah, and Zachariah,
the fori of Baracbia.
Our Saviour, Matt, xxiii. 35. mentions one
Zachariah murder'd between the Temple and the
Altar: And if the reading there be right, he is call'd
fon of Barachiah. Heb. has no hiftory of any Ze?
ehariah fon of Baracbia ; but Zecbary the prophet.
Neither he,^ nor this Zechariah, are recorded to
have been murder'd. It was probably fome man of
that name that had been murder'd nigher to our
Saviour's time.

on the Old Testament. ^ 8$
'VTTT. 8. And. he Jhall pafs through Judah, helfaiab.
fhall overflow— -he fhall reach even to the neck.] 6,
And it fhall pafs through, &V. Meaning, the
water fpoken of in the verfe before: For though
in Eng. it is [waters,] in 4 it is v'J&ijj. 'Tis true
the king of AJfyria and his army are underftood
by that witer.
9. Gird your felves, and ye fhall be broken' in
pieces ; gird your felves, and ye Jhall be broken in
pieces.] 9, Gird your felves, and ye fhall be bro
ken in pieces ; and if you gird again, ye fhall be
broken in pieces again.
16. Bind up the teftimony; feal the law among
my difciples.] 9, Then fhall they be manifeftly
known, who feal up the law, that one cannot
learn ir.
The fenfe of Heb. feems imperfect without thofe
words of 4.
17, 18. I will look for him. Behold, 1 and the
children whom the Lord hath given me, [are] for
Jigns and jor wonders in IJrael, from the Lord oj
hofts which dwelleth in mount Sion.] 9, I will put
my truft in him, behold, I and the children which
God hath given me. And there fhall be flgns and
wonders in the houfe of IJrael, from the Lord of
hofts which dwelleth in mount Sion.
'Tis plain that the Author to the Hebrews, ch.
ii. 13. cites this Text in the words of 4, and in
the conftruction which 4 gives them. For where
as the Margin in Vulg. and Eng- &c.- has referen
ces at Heb. ii. 13. for one of the fentences to PJ.
xvii. and for the other to this Text : the Apoftle
takes them both verbatim from this Text, where
they ftand as one fentence, which has its period at
* the words [hath given me.] And whereas Eng. puts
in the word [are for] to make them the beginning
of another fentertce, they thereby fpoil the cohe-
G 3 fion

86 Critical Notes
'ffaiab. fion of the laft words of f i$. with the Words be
fore. VIII. 21. And they' Jhall pajs through it, hardly1!
beftead and hungry.] Vulg. and Trem. He fhall pais
through it, 13 c. Caft. They paffing through it,
hungry and in ftraits— fhall curfe, &c.
It does not appear who is meant by [he,] nor
who are meant by [they.]
6, And there fhall come upon you cntAjjg* Ai'/mj,
hard things ; famine [or, hard famine.]
22. of chap. VIII, and i, of chap. IX. Behold,
trouble and darknefs^ dimnejs oj anguijh ; and they
Jhall he driven to darknejs. Neverthelejs the dimnej's
(hall not be fuch as when in her vexation.] 6, Be
hold trouble, and darknefs, affliction, and an-
guifh ; fuch darknefs as to have, no fight. And*
one that is in anguifh fhall not defpond till a fea-
fon. Vulg. Behold tribulation and darknefs, faint*
nefs and anguifh, and a dimnefs following him,
and he will not be able tp efcape from his an
guifh. N. B. 6 and Vulg. make the chapter and the
fenfe end here. But Trem. Caft. Eng. make the:
laft claufe the beginning of chap. ix.
IX. 1,2. When at the firft he lightly afflibled 't he-
land of Zebulun, and the land oj Naphtali, and af
terward did more grievoufly ajfliSt her by the way of
the fea, beyond Jordan, Galilee of the nations. The
people that walked in darknefs, have feen a great
light, Sec] 4, Drink this [cup of affliction] firft ;
do. it -quickly, thou land of Zebulun and land of
Naphtali, and the reft by the fea-fide, beyond Jor-
dan, [or, by the fide of Jordan] Galilee of the na
tions. You, the land that walked in darknefs,
behold ye a great light.
Vulg At the firft time the land cf Zebulun, and
the land of Naphtali was eafed j and afterward the

on the Old T e s t am e n r". 87
the way of thefea was grievoufly afflicted, beyond Ifaiah.
Jordan, Galilee of the nations. The people which
walked in darknefs, &V.
Trem. When this firft time fhall have more
lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun, and land of
Naphtali, and afterward fhall more grievoufly , .af
flict it, the way of the fea, by Jordan, Galilee
the populous. The people which walk in dark
nefs, fhall fee.
Caft. is much like Eng. And I would have put
Ar. Mont.'s tranflation; but it is impoflible to
make Englifh of it.
Mr. Meade has made an excellent attempt for
a better tranflation of this prophecy.
1. He fuppofes' the claufe, which* in Eng. be-
gins.the ixth chapter, to be the. end of chap. viii.
fo far as to the word [vexation : ] And that divi-
fion of the chapters is fo in 6 and Vulg. However
Trem. Eng. &c. have, for I know not what reafon,
alter'd it.
2. The tranflation of the next words [when at
the firft he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun,
&c] fhould be [the firft time he debafed the land
of Zebulun, Sec. ] And of the following words
[And afterward did more grievoufly afflict her]
fhould be [But in the latter time he fhall make
them glorious.]
If this criticifm be juft, it gives a great illuftra»>
tion to the prophecy. It rnakes this fenfe of IJai-
ab's words ; The calamity (which had been fpo
ken of in ch. viii.) fhall fall firft upon Zebulun
and Napbtalij-and the places about the fea (mean
ing, the fea of Galilee) and the coafts of Jordan :
(This came to pafs quickly, 2 Kings xv. 29.) But
as they drink firft of this cup; fo thjy fhall be
the firft that in the latter time fhall be made glo
rious by the privilege of the Meffiah's prefence
and preaching : For unto us a child is born, &c*
G 4 as

88 Critical Notes
Vaia&- as Ifaiah adds at the end of this claufe, f 9. The
Text fo tranflated and fo explain'd, is full and '
plain to the purpofe for which St. Matthew cites
it, ch. iv. 13, 14, 15, 16. That Jefus fettled him
felf at Capernaum, which is in the borders of Ze
bulun and Naphtali, that it might be fulfilled !
which was fpoken by the prophet Ifaiah, Sec.
Trem. had faid in his Annotations that this was
the main fcope and fubftance of the prophecy j
but did not fhew the fitnefs of the words.
IX. 3. Thou haft multiplied the nation, and not
increafed the joy : they joy before thee according to
the joy in harveft, 6cc] Marg. To him increafed
the joy. 0, The multitude of people whom thou
haft brought in thy gladnefs, they joy before
thee, &c.
The negative in this fentence feems to difturb
the fenfe. Caft. fhews at another place, that lo in
Heb. is not always a negative ; and here he tranf-
lates without it, as 4 does.
5. But this Jhall be with burning and jewel oj
fire] Many tranflators, letting the words other-
wife, make this the continuation of the defcrip-
tion of the victory over Midian.
6. For unto us a child is born, unto us a Jon is
given, and the government Jhall be upon his Jhoul-
der, and his name Jhall be called, Wonderful, Coun-
Jellor, The mighty God, The everlafting Father, The
Prince of peace:] 6 Vat. For unto us a child is
born, unto us a fon is given, whofe government
fliall be upon his fhoulder : and his name is called,
The Angel of the great Council : for I will bring
peace to his princes, and health to him.
4 Alex. Aid. Comp.  And his name is called,
The Angel of the great Council, Wonderful,
Counfellor. The Mighty [God, as Aid. and Comp.
But Alex, has not the word God,] The Powerful, The

pn the OldTestament. Bo.
The Prince of peace, The Father of the age to lfauh.
come.
Aq. Thedd. and Symm. are as Eng. only they
have not @£oV.
Vulg. is as Heb. Only what we tranflate, Ever
lafting Father, it has (as Alex. Aid. &c.) The Fa
ther of the age [or, world] to come.
The Syriac and Arabic tranflations are the fame,
pr near the fame, as 4 Vat.
For the Greec Fathers, Juft. Mart. Dial. p. 85.
Ed. Steph. fays, Ifaiah calls him the Angel of the
great Counfel, &c. Where it is plain by Jufiin's
argument that he read no more of the title. And
Bafil, Cyril, &c. read, Angel of great Counfel ;
but not the "words in Heh.
But Eufebius has both. He reads, Angel of
great Counfel (which Heb. has not) and then adds
the words in Heb. which 4 Vat. has not.
Irenceus, I. 4. c . 66. has in the Latin tranflation
the words of Heb. and Deus among them.
St. Hierom fays, the genuine tranflation of 4 is
what we find in 4 Vat.
Tbeodpret finds fault with Aquila's tranflation,
that it had not the word God.
Of fome fpurious pieces of Antiquity, Ignatius
Ep. ad Antioch. and Conftitutions, I. 5. c. 16. I
fpoke in the Preface. It is plain that they have
been forg'd or interpolated fince Aquila's time:
for they have the very words of his tranflation,
(with 0soV put to them) in books pretended to be
written before his time ; words cited from a Greec
Bible, which never were in any Greec Bible till
after the citers were dead.
At ch. iii. 3. Shw/jwosroV evy&aM? is in 4 ufed for
a ftatefman, or any confiderable man for counfel.
God would take away from Jerujalem kivrmovroi,^-
%fiv, Kj tf-«t/|W«s-oV <rJju&sAov, itj <ro(pov obt>%lnim9va,.
IX. 8.

go Critical Notes
Ifaiah. IX. 8. The Lord hath Jent a word into Jacob*
and it hath lighted upon IJrael.] o,  a death>
[or plague] Sdvonov. See the context.
1 1 . The Lord Jhall Jet up the adverjaries oj Re
zin againft him, and join his adverjaries together.]
o, The Lord fhall crufh thofe that rife up againft
Mount Sion, and difperfe the enemies thereof.
Rezin named here in Heb. and IJrael named
in the next verfe, were at this time the enemies of
Mount Sion.
1 6. The leaders of this people caufe them to err,
and they that are led of them are deftroyed.] Marg.
for [leaders] has, thofe that call them blejfed. And
fo is Vulg. and fo is 4.
4, They that call this people [viz. Ephraim]
blefled, befool them ; and they do it, that they
may fwallow them up.
1 8. And they Jhall mount up like the lifting up' oj
fmoke.] Vulg. The pride of fmoke fhall be rolled
up together.
4, And it [viz. the fire] fhall devour every thing
round about their altars.
X. 9, io. Is not Calno, as Carchemijh ? is not
Hamath, as Arphad ? is not Samaria, as Damajcus ?
As my hand hath jound the kingdoms oj the idols,
and whoje graven images did excel them oj Jerujalem
and Samaria?] 4, Have not I taken the country
above Babylon, and Calno where the tower was
built, and taken Arabia, and Damajcus, and Sa
maria? As I took thefe, fo will I take all king
doms. Howl, ye idols of Jerujalem and Samaria.
This part of the prophecy feems to have beep
after Samaria was deftroy'd. See the following.
12. / will punijh the fruit of the flout heart oj
the king oj AJfyria.] i, I will vifit that ftout heart,
the king of AJfyria.
One does not perceive what the word [fruit]
does there. Yet Vulg. has jrutlum, but Caft. jaftum.
y A1 l8o

on the Old Test am.-e.kt. g%
- X. 1 8. And they Jhall be as when a ftandard-Ifaiab.
bearer jainteth.] 6, And he that runs away fhall
be like one that runs away from a burning flame.
22, 23. The conjumption decreed Jhall overflow
with righteoufnefs. For the Lord God of hofts jhall
make a conjumption, even determined in the midft .oj
all the land.] 6, He will finifh the account, and
cut it fhort in righteoufnefs ; becaufe a fhort work
will the Lord make in all the land [or, earth.]
St. Paul, Rom. ix. 27, 28. cites this of Ifaiah
from 4.
24. Be not ajraid oj the Syrian: he jhall finite
thee with, a rod, &c] 4,— -of the Affyrian; that
he fhould finite 'thee, &c.
All the context near before is of the Affyrian:
And Vulg Caft. Trem. &c. are as 4.,
Ibid. And jhall lift up his ft off againft thee ajter
the manner oj Egypt.] • Marg. But he [viz. God]
will lift up his rod for thee after the manner of
Egypt. ,-¦ 0, For I will lift up, &c. See $-27. 'where
this is plainly faid, That God would deliver them,
as his rod was upon the fea, when they came out
of Egypt: And^# 26. that he would deftroy the
Affyrians [viz. Senacherib's army] as he did the
Midianites. Both were done in one night's time.*
27. And the yoke Jhall be deftroyed becauje oj the
anointing?] Vulg.—— fhall, rot from the face of
oyl [or, becaufe of oyl.] Trem. For the fake of
oyl ; i. e. fays he, for Chrift's fake. 4,- .fhall
rot from off thy fhoulders.
There feems to have been fome mif-writing of
this word.
34. And he Jhall' cut down the thickets oj the jo-
reft with iron, and Lebanon Jhall jail by a mighty
one.] 4, And the high ones fhall fall by the fword,
and Lebanon with its high [trees] fhall fall.
The

Qj, Critical Notes
ifaiah. The prophecy of Senacherib's overthrow, which
Ifaiah liv'd to fee.
XI. to. In that day there Jhall be a root ojjeffe,
which fhall ftand jor an enfign to the people ; to it
Jhall the Gentiles Jeek, and his reft jhalfbe glorious.]
fl'_  - a root ofjeffe, and one that fhall arife to
rule over the Gentiles ; in him fhall the Gentiles
truft, &c. See Rom. xv. 12.
15. The Lord Jhall utterly deftroy the tongue ojthe
Egyptian Jea.] 9, Shall make the fea of Egypt
' defolate. XII. 5. This is known in all the earth.] 6, Make
this known in all the earth. So Vulg. Caft. Sec.
XIII. 14- And it Jhall be as the chafed roe, and
as a Jheep that no man taketh up.] 0, And they
that are left fhall be as a chafed roe, and as a fheep
that is ftrayed, and there is none to fetch her.
22. of th. XIII. and ch. XIV. 1. And her time
is near to ccme, and her days Jhall not be prolonged.
XIV. 1. For the Lord will have mercy on Jacob,
and will yet chufe Ifrael, and fet them in their own
land.] 9, XIV. 1. The time comes quickly, and
fhall not be prolonged, that the Lord will have
mercy on Jacob, and will yet chufe Ifrael, and
will fet them in their own land.
The difference is in the divifion of the chapters
and periods. Eng. having in the four laft verfes
of ch. xiii. mention'd the vanquifhing of Babylon
by the Medes, and added a description of the utter
defolation of that city, that it fhould never be in
habited, not fo much as by fhepherds or Arabs,
but only by wild beafts, owls, fatyrs, dragons,
&c. adds at laft this fentence, (as if all this fhould
be quickly after the Medes taking it) And her
time is near, &c.
But 4 end chap. XIII. at the word [palaces ;]
and the next words of the quick performance, do
with them begin the next, and are applied, not to.

on the Old Testament. $$
to the defolation of Babylon, but to the reftaura- Ifaiah.
tion of Ifrael. And this agrees better with the
events: For they were quickly reftor'd after the
vanquifhing of tlif Babylonians by the Medes and
Perfians. But the city of Babylon it felf, though
it did indeed decay by degrees from that time,
yet continued a city well inhabited through all
the Perfian reign to Alexander's time, and much
longer. In Pliny's time indeed it was, as he
fays , utterly defolated ; and no fign where it
had ftood was left, but the ruins of Belus's tem
ple (which, I believe, was a remainder of the old
Tower of Babel, and is, I guefs by Benjamin Tu-
delenjis's Travels, yet in being as a hill over-run
with bufhes, trees, and ferpents, as Ifaiah here
proprieties.) But that was 6 or 700 years after Cy
rus's- conqueff;.
Vulg. divides the chapters as 4 does. Who of
the latter editors began the alteration of the pe
riods, I know not. Perhaps Ar. Mont. To take
a claufe of Scripture from a fentence to which, as
it ftood, it was agreeable ; and join irto the tail
of another fentence, to which, when it is applied,
the hiftorical events do not agree, may create
difficulties in a Text which had none of it felf.
Trent.'s beft excufe is, that the prophecy of the
utter defolation did begin to be fulfill'd when the
decay began.
XIV. 19. But thou art cjjft out oj thy grave like
an abominable branch.] . 6, But thou art thrown
upon the hills as an abominable carcafe.
20. Becaufe thou haft deftroyed thy land, and
Jlain thy people.] 0',— my— my.
21. Nor fill the face of the world with cities.] e,
With wars.
The Babylonians never fiU'd the world with ci
ties s with wars they did.

04 Critical Notes
Ifaiah- XIV. 23. I will Jweep it with the bejom oj de-
firuftion-] 4, I will make it a dirty hole in its
deftruction. 29. His Jruit Jhall be a fiery flying Jerpent.] 0,
His young ones fhall be flying ferpents.
Wherever Heb. is, fiery flying ferpent, 0 is on
ly, flying ferpent.
31. There Jhall come jrom the north a Jmoke;
and none Jhall be alone in his appointed time. ] 4
and Vulg.  and there is no living for it; i*. Ut
t£ av»t. Bojs thinks [ahvou.
32. What Jhall one then anjwer the meffengers of
the nations ? ] i, What will the kings of the na
tions fay then?
XV. 5. His jugitives Jhall fly unto Zoar, an hei-
jer oj three years old.] i,  unto Zoar ; for the
heifer is three years old.
7. The abundance they have gotten— Jhall they car
ry away to the brook oj the willows. ] Marg.-
to the valley of the Arabians. 4,— for I will bring
the Arabians upon the valley, &c.
Prideaux fays, the Valley of willows, is a com
mon name for the low grounds about Babylon.
XVI. 1. Send ye the lamb to the ruler oj the land,
jrom Sela to the wildernejs, unto the mount oj the
daughter oj Zion.] i, I will fend as it were fer
pents upon the land. Shall the mount of the daugh
ter of Sion be a forfaken rock ?
7. Therefore Jhall Moab howl for Moab, every
tne Jhall howl.] 4, Moab fhall howl ; for in the
land of Moab every one fhall howl.
14. Within three years, as the years oj an hire
ling, the glory oj Moab Jhall be contemned.] Trem.
and UJher conclude that this was fpoken the firft
year of Hezekiah ; and that Salmanejer, when he
came to befiege Samaria, ranfack'd the country
of" Moab in his way. XVII, lx

m the Ol d T e s t a u e n t. 95
1 XVII. 3. They jhall be as the glory of the ¦ chil- Ifaiah.
dren of Ifrael] i, For thou art not better than
the children of Ifrael, and their glory.
9. In that day Jhall his ftrong cities be as a jor-
faken bough, and an uppermoft branch, which they
left becaufe of the children of Ifrael.] Vulg. As
ploughs and corn-fields, which were forfaken be
fore the children. 4, ¦ be forfaken, as the
Amorites and Hivites forfook theirs before the face
of the children of Ifrael.
XVIII. 4. i" will take my reft, and I will confider
in my dwelling-place, like a clear heat upon herbs,
and like a cloud oj dew in, the heat oj harveftf] 6, ,
There fhall be reft [or, fafety] in my city, as the
light of a fummer noon, and as a cloud of dew in
a harveft day.
XIX. 2. / will Jet the Egyptians againft the E-
gyptians  city againft city, and kingdom againft
kingdom.] 9,— and province againft province.
5. The waters Jhall fail from the fea, and the
river Jhall be wafted and be dried up.] 0', The E-
gyptians fhall drink the water by the fea ; for the
river fhall fail and be dried up.
6. And they Jhall turn the rivers jar away, and
the brooks oj defence Jhall be emptied.] i, And the
rivers fhall fail, and the canals that they have
dug out of them, and all pools of water.
1 o. And they Jhall be broken in the purpojes there-
oj, all that make flukes and ponds for fijh-] 0,
And they that work them [the flax and linnen] fhall
lament ; and all that make beer fhall lament and
groan in their minds.
Herodotus in his time, and thefe tranflators 6 in
their time, fpeak of the Egyptians as the only na
tion that made malt-drink, a drink of water and
grown barley. They call it here fflov, and fo
does Herodotus. Tacitus fpeaks of fome Germans
6 that

£6 Critical Notes
Ifaiah. that us'd it in his time. And now of late the
Englijh are totally addicted to it.
XIX. 1 8. Five cities in the land of Egypt— -Jhall
Jwear to the Lord oj hofts : one jhall be called the
¦city of dtftrutHon.] Marg. Or, of heroes ; or, of
the fun. Vulg. Of the fun. 6, dai&'iK. Trem.
Every one of them fhall be called, a city of de-
ftruction, he means, deliver'd from deftruction.
23. And the Egyptians jhall Jerve with the Affy-
rians.] 9, Shall lerve the Affyrians. So Vulg.
XX. 1. In, the year that Tartan came unto Afh-
dod, when S argon king of ' Ajjyria fent him.] S argon
in 4 is called 'a^v*. It is by all judged to be an-
Pther name for Senachefib, who took Ajhdod, or
Azotus from Hezekiah, who had taken it from
the Philiftines -, and that this was the 1 2th year
of Hezekiah : and that Senachefib's war upon Egypt
lafted three years before he attack'd Jerujalem.
6. Behold fuch is our expeclation, whither we fly
for help to be delivered from AJfyria : and how fhall
we efcape ? ] 6, Behold we thought to fly for help
to them who have not been able to deliver them-
felves from the king of AJfyria: and how fhall
we be delivered?
XXI. 1. The burden of the defert of the fea.] 6,
The vifion of the defert.
This chapter treats firft and chiefly of the ta
king of Babylon. How Babylon fhould be figni.
fied by defert of fea, or, .the defert, I know not:
yet Trem. gives a reafon.
2. All the fighing thereoj have T made to ceaje.]
t, Now I will figh and comfort my felf.
5. Prepare the table, watch in the watch-tower,
eat, drink: arife, ye princes, and anoint the Jhield.]
6, Furnifh t e table, eat and drink : arife, ye
commanders, get ready your fhields.
A lively defcription of the night when, during
Beljhazzar's feaft, Babylon was taken
G XX'T «,

on the Old Test amen T. §7
XXI. 7. And' he Jaw a chariot with a couple of ifaiah
horfemen ; a chariot of affes, and a chariot oj ca
mels.] 9, And I faw two riders on hprfes, and
one riding on an afs, and one riding on a camel.
9. And behold, here cometh a chariot of men, with
a couple of horfemen: and be anfwer ed and Jaid,
Babylon is fallen.] 9, And lo, here comes a man
in a chariot with a couple of horfes: and he an-
fwered, &c.
10. O my tbrejhing, and the corn oj my floor t
that which T have heard — I have declared.] Vulg.
— *  -daughter of my floor. What this means
is hard to know.
4, Hear, you that are left, and you that mourn i
that which I have heard, &c.
1 1 . The burden ojDumah. He called to me out of
Seir, Watchman, what of the night ? ] 9, The vi-
fion of Idumea. Call to me out of Seir, Keep the
watches. 'Tis cafier to conclude that fome words here
are loft in the copies, than to guefs what they
were. That in Heb. Dumah is written for Edom,
is probable from 4, and from the name Seir. As
for 4, it is manifeftly truncated in two or three
verfes at this place,
12. The watchman faid, The morning cometh,
and alfo the night : if ye will enquire, enquire ye: re
turn, come?]. 9, I watch morning and night: if
you enquire, enquire ; and dwell with me.
Some make this tranflation of the Heb. The
morning is come, and the night alfo: thdugh
you enquire fo impatiently, it fhall certainly re
turn again.
14. The inhabitants of the land of Tema brought
water to him that was thirfty, they prevented with
their bread him that was fled. ] Marg. for [brought
water] fets [bring ye" water : ] And fo is 4.
Vol. H. H g, Oh

$8 Critical Notes
Ifaiah: 4, Oh ye inhabitants of the land of Teman,
meet with water him that is thirfty, meet with
bread them that are running away.
XXII. i. The burden of the valley oj vifion.] 4,
— of Sion.
So f 5. It is a day of trouble— in the valley of
vifion. 4,' — in the valley of Sion.
5. Oj breaking the walls, and crying on the moun
tains.] 9, They go aftray : from the greateft to
the leaft they run away to the mountains.
8,9. And he difcovered the covering of Judah,
and thou didfi look in that day to the armour of the
houfe oj the forefl. -Ye have alfo feen the breaches-
of the city of David, that they are many : and ye
gathered together the waters -of the lower pool. ] 9,
And they [i. e. the fpies or enemies] will difclofe
the gates of Judah: and in that day they will look
[or, fearch] into the choice houfes of the city. And
they will difcover the fecret places of the houfes
of David's citadel, and take notice that they are
many ; and how he has turned the water of the
old pool into the city„
Thefe feern by the fenfe to be, all of them, ac
tions or defigns of enemies or fpies; and ^exprefles
them all in the third perfon plural, They fhall do
fo and fo. But Heb. has the pronouns very diffe
rent, He difcovered, thou didft look, ye have
ften, &c.
1 6. What haft thou here ? and whom haft thou
here?] i, What doeft thou here? and what haft
thou here?
17. The Lord will carry thee away  and will
Jurely cover thee?] 9,  and will take away
thy gown and thy crown.
1 8. There thou Jhalt die, and there the chariots oj
thy glory Jhall be the Jhame oj thy Lord's houje.] 9,
 and will make thy fine chariot, a fhame ;
and thy lordly houfe, a contempt. XXII. 23.

w^Old Testament. 99
XXII. 23. And 1 will Jaflen him [as] a nail in Ifaiah,
a Jure place.] - 0', And I will make him governor
in a fure place.
24. And they Jhall hang upon him all the glory oj
his father's houfe, the offspring and the ijfue, and all
veffels of fmall quantity : from the vejfels" of cups even
to all the vejfels of flagons.] a', And every honourable
man of his father's houfe fhall depend [or, hang]
upon him, from fmall to great ; and they fhall
be dependants upon him.
Of cups and flagons 4 has nothing here 5 nor can
one fee how they are apply*d.
XXIII. 1 . Howl, ye Jhips of Tarjhijh, ; Jor it is
laid wafte, Jo that there is no houfe, no—entringin:
for from the land of Chittim it is revealed to them.]
6, Howl, ye fhips of Carthage ; for it is laid wafte:
men come thither no more from the land of Chit
tim. She is carried captive.
5. As at the report concerning Egypt, Jo Jhall they
be Jorely pained at the report of Tyre.] 9, When ic
(hall be heard in Egypt, a grief for Tyre fhall feize
them. Vulg. is as 4, and fb is Caft. And it agrees
with Hiftory : For the conqueft of Tyre by Nebu
chadnezzar was before that of Egypt, as is plain.
by Jeremy, Ezekiel xx. Jofephus, Sec, And not af
ter it, as is fuppos'd by Eng.
10. Pafs through thy land as a river, oh daugh
ter of Tarjhijh : there is no more flrength.] I, . Till
thy ground : fpr there come no more fhips from
Carthage. One may conceive the meaning of this laft,
That the merchants of Tyre, having no more trade
at fea, fhould turn husbandmen. But how Tyre
fhould pafs through her land as a river, is not
eafy to conceive, H2 XXIII, 11,

10a Critical Notes
Ifaiah. * XXIII. ii. He ftretched out his hand over the
fea ; he Jhook the kingdoms.] e, Thy hand is no
longer ftrong at fea ; thou that didft emulate kings.
12. And he Jaid, Thou Jhalt no more rejoice, oh
thou oppreffed virgin daughter of Sidon.] 6, And
men fhall fay, Don't thou any more opprefs and
wrong the daughter of Sidon [lege Sion.]
i Vat. is Sidon. But Alex. Aid. Comp. Marfhal's
Codex, is Sion.
1 7. Ajter the end oj Jeventy years the Lord will
vifit Tyre, and Jhe Jhall return to her hire, and
Jhall commit jornication with all the kingdoms oj the
world, &c. ] 4,  Tyre, and fhe fhall be re-
ftored to her former ftate, and fhall be a mart
for all the kingdoms of the world, &c .
1 8 . Her merchandife and hire Jhall be holinejs to
the Lord: it Jhall not be treajured nor laid up : jor
her merchandife Jhall be jor them that dwell bejore
the Lord?] 9,  Lord : it fhall not be ga
thered for them, [the Tyrians] but for them that
dwell, &c.
XXIV. 6. Therefore the inhabitants of the earth
are burned ; and jew men left.] Vulg.  earth
fhall be mad ; and few. 4, ¦ earth fhall be
beggars ; and few.
12. In the city is left defolation; and the gate is
Jmitten with defhuclion.] 4, The cities fhall be
left defolate ; and the houfes being left empty
fhall fall down.
15. Wherefore glorifie the Lord in the fires, even
the name of the Lord God of Ifrael in the ifles of the
fea.] Marg. Glorifie the Lord in the valleys.
Vulg. In doctrines. Caft. By the Urim. Any of
them more probable than in the fires.
4, Therefore the glory of the Lord fhall be in
the ifles of the fea : the name of the Lord fhall
be glorified,
XXIV. 16,

on the Olo Testament. iqi
XXIV. 1 6. 0 Lord, jrom the uttermoft part of Ifaiah,
the earth have we heard Jongs.] Vulg. Heard thy
praife, 4,— -heard of thy miracles.
23. Then the moon Jhall be confounded, and the
Jun ajhamed, when the Lord oj hofts Jhall reign.] 6,
And, the tyles [or, bricks] fhall be melted; and
the wall fhall fall down, when the Lord, &c.
If this prophecy be meant of the deftruction of
Babylon, (as f 1, 2. of the next chapter do in
timate) the copy from which 4 tranflated had the
words more proper for that. No tranflator could
fo far miftake the words before him, as to take
the fun and moon for bricks and walls.
XXV. 3. Therejore Jhall the firong people glorifie
thee: the city oj terrible nations (hall jear thee.] 9,
———the poor people — ¦  of opprefled men.
The words before, and next after, do fpeak of
God's favour to the poor and oppreffed.
5. Thou Jhalt bring down the noife of ftrangers,
as the heat in a dry place, even the heat with the
4 fhadow of a cloud: the branch of the terrible ones .
Jhall be brought low.] There is nothing like this
in 4. The words in fome copy or other have been
mangled or tranfpos'd.
4, As faint-hearted men that are a-thirft in Sion,
by reafon of wicked men to whom thou haft fub-
jected us.
8 . He will Jwallow up death in viclory. ] Vulg.
He will throw down death for ever.
4 is certainly wrong : Death being victorious
hath fwallowed up ; xaresnev 0 &-dvdl9s i%wx;. St.
Paul, 1 Cor. xv. 54. feems to cite this text, Then
fliall be brought to pafs the faying that is written,
Death is fwallowed up in victory ; x#toto'0>j 0' $d-
v«!o? «V v«w. Aq. tranflated it, ¦Aot.-va.TfmtUa t 3-d-
v«tov ei; vjxos • He fhall fwallow up death in victo
ry. But Theod. fet in his tranflation the very words
of St. Paul, wxnss\ as v~m(. But I think that iri
"" - H 3 the

io2 Critical Notes
Ifaiah, the Greec both of St. Paul, and the reft, «V vlxo«
fhould have been render'd jor ever ; death is fwal
lowed up for ever. That is generally in o the
meaning of ei; vTms.
XXV. 10. Moab Jhall be trodden down under
him, as ftraw is trodden down jor the dunghil.] i,
i  . threfhed  they threfh a floor of corn with
cart-wheels. XXVI. 19. Thy dead men jhall live\ together
with my dead body Jhall they arife. Awake and fing,
ye that dwell in the duft : jor thy dew is as the dew
oj herbs, and the earth Jhall caft out the dead.] 9,
The dead fhall rife, and be raifed out of their fe-
pulchers ; and they that are on earth fhall rejoice:
for thy dew fhall be a healing to them : but the
land of the wicked fhall fall.
XXVII. 12. In that day the Lord Jhall beat off
from the channel oj the river unto the ftream oj E-
gyptf] 4,  will finite from the out-let of the
river to Rhinocorura,
Through all the foregoing parts of this chap
ter, Heb- and 6 are fo different, that one of them
does not help to explain the other ; but both of
them do very much need it.
XXVIII. 11. With ftammering lips, and another
tongue, will he Jpeak- to this people.] 4,  • fhall
they 
St. Paul, 1 Cor. xiv. 21. cites this text, not
precifely in the words of Heb. or 4, but the fenfe.
The latter claufe of the fentence, as recited by
him, is here after a fentence or two intervening.
15. When the overflowing Jcourge Jhall pajs thro',
it Jhall not come unto us.] 0, When the flying
tempeft fhall pafs along, it fhall not, &c.
1 6. He that believeth, jhall not make hafte.] 4,
Shall not be afhamed. •
So St. Peter and St. Paul cite this text.
XXVIII. 17.

on the Old Testament. 103
XXVIII. 17. And the waters Jhall overflow thelfaiah.
hiding place.] 4, And the tempeft fhall not pafs by
you. See f 15. and 18, 19.
19. From the time that it goeth forth, it fhall take
you.] 1 4, As it paffes along, it fliall take you.
, Ibid. By day and by night, and it jhall be a vex
ation only to hear the report.] 0, By day and by
night it fhall be a vexation : learn ye to hear [or,
obey.] 24. Doth the plowman plow all day to few ? doth
he open and break the clods of his ground ? ] 9, Will
a plowman plow all day, and get his feed ready
before he works the ground ?
Here is underftood, Will he do all this, and
yet at laft not fow it indeed? So do not flatter
your felves that God who thus threatens and pre
pares judgments, will omit the execution of them?
XXIX. 5. The multitude of thy ftrangers Jhall be
like Jmall duft, and the multitude oj the terrible ones
Jhall be as chaff.] 4, The multitude [jrA?™?, fed
lege 7rA?flpj] of the wicked fhall be like fmall duft
of the wheel ; and the multitude of thofe that on-
prefs thee, as flying duft.
Heb. as tranflated by Eng. feems to direct this
threatening againft Ariel [i. e. Sion, or Jerujalem]
but 4, againft their enemies. Vulg. and Caft. are
as 4. And fo in the next verfe, Thou fhalt be
vifited with thunder, &c. is in 4, and Vulg. and
Caft. &c. There fha'll be a vifitation with thun
der ; meaning, againft the enemies of Sion. And
at f 7. Heb. it felf is to the fame purpofe. All
of them denoting, I think, the miraculous defeat
that fhould be of Senacherib's army ; which de
feat is in this verfe prophefy'd robe, in aninftant,
fuddenly, as it was in one night.
H 4 XXIX. 9.

104 Critical Notes
Ifaiah. XXIX. 9. Stay your felves, and wonder, cry ye
out, and cry : [Marg. take your pleafure, and riot]
they are drunken, Sec] 0, Be you diflblute and
mad ; and be ye drunken, &c.
13. And their fear toward me is taught by the
precept of men.] i, But in vain do they worfhip
me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of
men. This whole verfe, and particularly this laft
claufe, is recited both by St. Matthew and St.
Mark (as cited by our Saviour) in the words of
0. There is nothing in the prefent Heb. nor in
' Eng. here, which may anfwer to pdryiv, in vain.
But Dr. Hammond, Annot. on Hebrews viii. 9. al
liances in this and many other texts (as Jer. xxxi.
32. Zech. xi. 13. Amos ix. 12. £jrV. ) where it is
apparent to any Critic, that the difference between
Heb. and 4 has been caufed, not by any miftake
of the 0 tranflators, but by the miftake of the
fcribes of Heb. made fince the time of the tranfla
tion taken of it by 4. And fo here one word in
Heb. only pointed otherwife than it is now (which
alteration of points he fuppofes made by the fcribes
of Heb.) would be, in vain, as it is in 4; and as
our Saviour cites it. He gives there clear inftances
of fuch changes made in Heb. and fays, the Ma-
forites pains coming after thefe changes were made,
can give no fence againft them.
23. But when he feeth his children, the work of
mine hands in the midft of him, they Jhall Jantlifie
my name, Sec] 6, But when his children fhall fee
the works done by me, they fhall fanctifie, fcff .
XXX. 1 . That take counfel, but not of me ; and
that cover with a covering, but not of my fpirit.]
0, —  and make leagues, but not by my fpi
rit. Vulg  r- and begin a web of weaving,
but not by my fpirit. What

on the OldTestament. 105
; What covering with a cover means here, I Ifaiah.
know not : But I obferve that Trem. and Eng. do
often bring in that word covering, where no other
tranflators do. It is plain that this chapter chiefly
blames their making leagues with Egypt.
XXX. 7. Therefore have I cried concerning this,
Their ftrength is to Jit ftill.] 9, Therefore tell
them, This your comfort is vain.
19. The people Jhall dwell in Sion at Jerujalem.
Thou Jhalt weep no more : he will be very gracious
unto thee at the voice oj thy cry ; when he Jhall hear
it, he will anjwer thee.] 9, The holy people fhall
dwell in Sion. Jerujalem has mourned with weep
ing : have mercy on me. Fie will have mercy on
thee : when he heard the voice of thy cry, he an-
fwered thee.
31. Through the voice oj the Lord Jh.all the Affy
rian be beaten down, [which] Jmote with a rod.]
9,  ¦ witha rod with which he [God] will finite
them.
¦ ¦.' 32. In every place where the grounded fiaff Jhall
'pajs, which the Lord Jhall lay upon him, it Jhall be
with tabrets and harps: and in battles oj Jhaking
will he fight with it [or, againft them.] i, And in
every place from whence his hope of help, in
which he trufted, was, they fhall fight againft
him with tabrets and harps, by changing [fides,
I fuppofe.] 33. For Tophet is ordained oj old: jor the king it
is prepared.] i, For thou of old art to be punifh
ed: art thou alfo prepared to reign [or, be a
king?] XXXI. 2. Yet he aljo is wife, and will bring evil,.
and will not call back his. word.] 9, And he hath
wifely [or, with good reafon] brought evils upon
them: and his word fhall not be fruftrated.
5. As birds flying, fo will the Lord defend Jeru-
2 falem.]

I06 Critical Notes
Ifaiah. falem.] 6, As eagles flying ~  Meaning, As
eagles that fly to protect their young.
XXXI. 8. But he Jhall fly jrom the Jword, and
his young men Jhall be dijcomfited.] 4, He fhall
fly, and that not from the fword: and his young,
&c. There was no vifible power of the fword in the
deftruction of Senacherib's army.
q. Saith the Lord, whoje fire is in Sion, and his
jurnace at Jerujalem.] 6, Thus faith the Lord,
Happy is he who has a feed in Sion, and friends
at Jerujalem.
XXXII. 5. The vile per fon Jhall be no more cal
led liberal; nor the churl Jaid to be bountiful.] 9,
They fhall no more fet a fool to rule: your fer
vants fhall no more fay, Hold your tongue.
13. Yea, upon all the houfes of joy in the joyous
city.] 4, And from all the houfes joy fhall be ta
ken away.
1 9. When it fhall hail, coming down on the fo
refl ; and the city Jhall be low in a low place.] I,
And if there come down any hail , it fhall not
come upon you ; and they that dwell in the forefl
fhall be as fafe, as thofe in the low place.
XXXIII. 6. Strength oj jalvation: the jear of
the Lord is bis treafure.] 9, Wifdom and know
ledge, and the fear of the Lord ; thefe are the
treafures of righteoufnefs.
7. Behold, ' their valiant ones Jhall cry without :
the ambaffadors oj peace Jhall weep bitterly.] 4,
Thofe whom you feared, fhall be afraid of you :
ambaffadors fhall be fent you, weeping bitterly,
entreating for peace.
8. The high ways lie wafte, the wayfaring man
ceajeth : he hath broken the covenant, he hath defpi-
fed the cities, he regardeth no man.] 4, For their
roads fliall lie defolace3 the fear [you ftood in] of
the

en the Old Testament. 107
the heathen is over, and the covenant with them, Ifaiaib,
void : you fhall not regard them as men.
XXXIII. 11. Ye fhall conceive chaff, ye Jhall
bring jorth jtubble :. your breath [as] fire Jhall de
vour you.] 9, Now you fhall fee it, now you fhall
perceive it : the ftrength of your breath fhall be
in vain ; the fire fhall eat you up.
14, 15. Who among us flo'all dwell with everlaft
ing burnings? He that walketh righteoufly, and
Jpeaketh uprightly, Stc] 4, Who fhall declare to
lis the everlafting place ? He that walketh righte
oufly, -&c .
There had been words for burnings in the fen
tence before ; which perhaps made the Heb. fcribe
put, burnings, in the laft claufe.
15. That ftoppeth his ears jrom hearing oj blood.]
4, From hearing a judgment [or, fentence] of
blood. 17. They jhall behold the land1 that is very far
off.] 4, They fhall fee the land afar off.
18. Where is he that counted the towers?] 4,
Where is he that counted the nurfe - children ?
Vulg. Where is the teacher of the little ones?
2 1 . But there the glorious Lord will be unto us a
place of broad rivers and fireams, Sec] 4, The
name of the .Lord fhall be great [or, glorious]
to you : there fhall be a place for you ; rivers
and canals, broad and ftraight.
XXIV. 1. Come jorth ye nations to hear  the
world, and all things that come jorth oj it.] o',—
and all the people in it.
3. And the mountains Jhall be melted with their
blood.] 0, Shall be foaked, '(5'%M%wiroii.
7. And the unicorns Jhall come down with them?]
4, The noblemen fhall come down, (Be.
Ibid. And their duft- made jat with jdtnejs.] 4,
Filled with their fat.
XXIV. it.

10g Critical Notes
Ifaiah. XXIV. n. He Jhall ftretch upon it the line oj f_
confujion, and the ftones oj emptinejs.] 4,  the
line of meafuring a wildernefs, ancf the centaurs
fhall dwell in it.
15, 16. There Jhall the vultures be gathered,
every one with her mate. Seek ye out oj the book
of the Lord, and read: no one of thefe Jhall jail,
none Jhall want her mate ; for my mouth, Sec?] 6,
There the flags fhall meet, and look one ano
ther in the face. They fhall pafs along in their
number ; one of them fhall not feek another : for -
the Lord, &V.
XXXV. 8. A high-way fhall be there, and a
way ; and it fhall be called the way of holinefs : the
unclean jhall not pars over it ; but it fhall be for
thofe.] 4, There fhall be a clean way, and it fhall
be called the holy way: the unclean fhall not pafs
over it ; neither fhall there be any foul way.
XXXVI. 5. / fay [fayeft thou] but they are
but vain words ; I have counfel and ftrength for the
war.] Marg.  are but words of the lips; but
counfel and ftrength are for the war. 6, 
will counfel and words of the lips make a camp?
Vulg. . — upon what counfel and ftrength doft thou
take up a purpofe to rebel ?
Here the Heb. fcribe, inftead of [thou fayeft,]
had written [I fay,] which Eng. makes fenfe by
putting in [fayeft thou] I Jay, Jayeft thou.
XXXVII. 30. Ye Jhall eat this year Juch as
gr oweth oj it felf: and the Jecond year that which
Jpringeth of the fame : and in the third year Jow ye
and reap.] 9, Eat this year what thou haft fow
ed ; and the fecond year what fhall be left : and
in the third year fow ye and reap.
One would think the reading of 4 here to be
the true reading, and that this was not the fab-
batical year, but that the next year would be ;
were it not that at 2 Kings xix. 29. Heb. is as here, and

on the Old Testament: 109
and 4 there as Heb. Vulg. here is, And the fe- Ifaiah.
cond year live upon apples. And Symm. to the
fame purpofe, upon the produce of trees.
XXXVIII. 8. i" will bring again the fhadow of
the degrees which is gone down on the fun-dial oj A-
baz, ten degrees backward. So the Jun returned ten
degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.] 9, I
will bring again the fhadow of the ftairs by which
the fun is gone down ten ftairs of thy father's
houfe, I will bring back the fun ten ftairs. And
the fun^came back ten ftairs by which the fhadow
had gone down. See on the fame text, 2 Kings
xx. 11.
There is at neither of them in 6 any , fpeaking
of a fun-dial; nor in Heb. I think, if rightly ren-
der'd : Only the ftairs at the entrance of the houfe1
were as a fun-dial.
19,20. The living, the living, he Jhall praife
thee, as I do this day : the father to the children
Jhall make known thy truth. The Lord [was ready]
to fave me.] 6, The living fhall praife thee, as
I do: for from this day I fhall be a father to
children who fhall make known thy truth, oh
God of my falvation.
20. We will fingmy Jongs — all the days oj our
life.] 6, I will not eeafe to fing— — all the
days of my life.
XL. 4. Every valley Jhall be exalted.] 4, Shall
be raifed [or, filled up.] i. e. to make even
ground. 9. O Sion, that bringeft good tidings  0 Jeru
jalem, that bringeft good tidings.] 4 and M&rg.
Eng. O thou that bringeft good tidings to Sion —
to Jerujalem. 13. Who hath directed the fpirit of the Lord, or
being his counfellor hath taught him?] 4, Who
hath known the mind of the Lord? and who has
been his counfellor who inftructs him ? Sc. Paul,
1 Cor.

1I0 Critical Notes
Ifaiah. i Cor. ii. 1 6. Who hath known the mind of the
Lord, that he may inftruct him ?
XL. 31. They fhall renew their ftrength; they
Jhall mount with wings, as eagles.] 9, — they fhall
have their wings grow afrefh, as eagles.
XLI. 2. Who raifed up the righteous man from
the eafl ? Sec] Marg. In Heb. it is righteoufnefs..
And it is fo in 6, Amwatrmv. And yet all inter
preters take the fenfe to be concerning a certain
righteous man. And Vulg. does, as Eng. does,
tranflate it fo, juftum , the righteous man. And
the paffages following give the hiftory (as moft
underftand it) of Abraham. Caft. will have it to
be Cyrus. Trem. wrenches the words. Fie confef-
fes that Heb. is, righteoujnejs. He puts in the word,
God : He whom God raifed up from the eaft, cal
ling him righteoufly [or, in righteoufnefs] to his
feet,. &V. Caft. is more open, Juftitiam, i. e. juf
tum. It may feem an old mif- writing in Heb. be
fore the time of 4, and followed by them.
8. The Jeed oj Abraham my jriend.] 9, Of A-
brabam whom I loved.
No edition of 4 has here <piA« jw?« Nor any in
2 Chron. xx. 7. but Comp. And this and that are
the only places from whence St. James, ch. ii. 23.
could cite this title of Abraham, <p/Ao? ©s£ IkK^.
No text of Chron. is, I think, ever cited in the
New Teftament. Aq. tranflated here, dyawvii,
my beloved. Symm. <p/As pS". But St. James
could not write fo late as to cite from him.
9. Taken jrom the ends oj the earth, and called
thee Jrom the chief men thereof.] 4,  from
the high places thereof. Vulg.  — a longin-
quis ejus.
27. The 'firft [Jhall fay] to Sion, Behold, behold
them.] 4, I will make Sion the principal [or,
firft.] XLII. i.

tin the O l dTestament. iii
¦' XLII . i . Behold ky fervant whom I uphold, mine Ifaiah.
eletl, in whom my foul delighteth.] 4, Jacob is my '
fervant,, I will help him ; Ifrael is mine elect,
my foul accepteth him. St. Matt. ch. xii. 13. Be
hold my fervant whom I have chofen, my belo
ved, with whom my foul is well pleafed.
4. He jhall not fail, nor be difcoumged, till be
have fet judgment in the earth ¦¦> and the ifles Jhall
wait for his law.] b, He fhall fhine out, and not
be difcouraged, until he have fet judgment in the
earth, and in his name fhall the Gentiles truft,
St. Matt. chap. xii. 20. ¦ till he fend forth
judgment unto victory . [or perfectly, or for ever] •
and in his name fhall the Gentiles truft.
St. Matthew's citations feldom are in the very
words of 4 ; as they are not in his recital of thefe
four verfes : But this laft claufe he cites in the
words of 4, which are very different from the pre
fent Heb. The ifles Jhall wait jor his law. Which
is a great fign that the old Heb. was in Matthew's
time, as 4 is now. Indeed Heb. or the tranfla
tors of it, have very often the word ifles, where
4 has Gentiles, As at f 5. of the chapter laft be
fore, The ifles faw it, and feared ; 4 is, The Gen
tiles faw it, and feared : Which is likely the true
reading ; for Abraham had nothing to do with any
ifland. 19. Who is blind but my Jervant? or deaf, as
my meffenger that 1 Jent? Who is blind as he that
is perfetJ, and blind as the Lord's fervant ? ] 6,
Who is blind but my fervarits? and deaf, as they
that rule over them ? The fervants of the Lord
are bJinded.
Heb. fcribe feems to have written one fentence
twice. XLIII. 14. For your Jakes I have Jent to Baby*-
Ion, and have brought down all the nobles, and the
Chaldeans, -whoje cry is in the Jhips.] 4 and Vulg.

112 Critical Notes
Ifaiah. — -I will fend— — and bring down all their bars,
&c. Vulg. Who are proud of their fhips. For
nobles, Marg. has bars.
XLIII. 26. Declare thou that thou mayft be jufti-
fied.] 4, Do thou confefs thy fins firft, that thou,
&c.
28. There jor e I have pro jane d the princes oj the
fancluary, and have given' Jacob to the curje.] 4i
And thy princes have profaned my fanctuary, and
I have given Jacob to the curfe.
XLIV. 2. And thou Jejurun whom I have cho-
Jen.] 4 and Vulg. And thou beloved, or, up
right. 4. They Jhall Jpring up as among the grajs and
willows.] 4,  as grafs among the waters [or,
moift places.]
12. The Jmith with the tongs both worketh in the
coals, and jajhioneth it with hammers.] 4, The
carpenter grinds his ax, he hews it with his hew
ing ax, he puts it into the turner's frame, he
works it, i£c. Marg. for hammer, has ax.
1 3 . The carpenter ftretcheth out. his rule : he mark*
etb it out with a line.] 4, — chufeth out a tree.
XLV. 8. Drop down, ye heavens, jrom above,
and let the skies pour down righteoufnefs : let the earth
open, and let them bring forth falvation, and let
righteoufnefs fpring up together.] 4, Let the heaven
above rejoice, and let the clouds rain down righte
oufnefs : let the earth fprout and bring forth mer
cy, and bud forth righteoufnefs together.
1 1 . The holy One of Ifrael, and his maker, Ask
me of things to come concerning my fons.] 4, — and
he that maketh the things to come ; Ask me con
cerning my fons.
15. Verily thou art a God that hideft thy felf.]
4, Thou art the God, and we know thee not. "
XLVI. 10.

on the Old Test am e n't. 113
XLVI. 10. Declaring' the end jrom the beginning, Ifaiah.
and Jrom antient times jhe things that are not done.]
6, Foretelling beforehand the laft things before
they come to pafs ; and they do come to pafs.
1 1. 7 have Jpoken it, I will alfo bring it to pafs:
I have purpojed it, I will alfo do it] 6, I have
fpoken, and have brought him ; I formed him,
and have made him; 1 have brought him, and
profpered his way.
XLVII. 3. I will take vengeance : I will not meet
thee, as a man.] 4, I will take vengeance my
felf; I will not leave it to men. Vulg. — I will be
no more refilled by man. So Symm. had ren-
der'd. 1
14. There Jhall not be a coal to warm at ; • nor
fire to fit bejore it.] 4, Thou haft coals' of fire ;
fit upon them.
It feems to be one of the magical tricks us'd by
the Babylonians, and which the prophet is here iro
nically recommending to them.
XL VIII. 7. They are created now, and not jrom
the beginning, even bejore the day when thou hear deft
them not ; left thou Jhouldefl Jay, Behold, I knew
them.] 4, They are done now [or, juft now a-
doing] not a good while ago; and thou didft
not hear them in former days, left thou fhouldft
fay, cifr .
10. I have refined thee, but not with filver.]
'Marg. Not for filver. 9, I have fold thee, but
hot for filver,
14. The Lord hath loved him ; he will do his plea
fure on Babylon, and his arm jhall be on the Chal
deans.] 4, I out of love to thee have done my
pleafure upon Babylon, to take away the feed of
the Chaldeans. ' r~$-y
XLIX. 5. To bring Jacob again to him, though
Mrael be not gathered, yet Jhall I be gUrious, Sec]
-Vol, II. I Marg.

114 Critical Notes
Tjaiah. Marg. That Ifrael may be gathered to him, and
I may be glorious. 4, To bring Jacob to him,
and Ifrael. I fhall be gathered and glorified be
fore the Lord.
XLIX. 7. [And] his holy One, to him whom man
defpifew, to him whom the nation abborreth, to a
fervant of rulers.] Marg. To him that is dcfpifed
in foul. Vulg. His holy One, to a defpifed foul,
to the nation that is abhorred, to a fervant, &c.
0, Sandtifie ye him that defpifeth his own life,
that is abhorred of the nations, &c.
1 1 . And I will make all my mountains a way,
and my high-ways fhall be exalted-] 0, And I will
make every hill a way, and every path a pafture
for them.
12. Thefe from the north and the weft, and thefe
from the land of Sinim.] 4, Of the Perjians. Vulg.
Ofthefouth. >f
17. Thy children Jhall make hafte; thy deftroyers,
and they that made thee wafte, Jhall go out of thee.]
Vulg. Thy builders are come; thy deftroyers., and
they, &c. 0, Thou fhalt quickly be built by
thofe by whom thou waft carried away.
L. 6. 1 gave my back to the Jmiters, and my.
cheeks to them that plucked off the hair.] 4,< ' to.
lafhes  to blows on the fiice.
LI. 2. For I called him alone, and Ibleffed him,
and increajed him. ] 4, For he was one, and I
called him and bleifed him, I loved and increafed
him. 16. I have covered thee in the Jhadow oj mine
hand, that I may plant the heavens, &c] ' 4, 
of my hand, with which I planted the heavens.
Vulg. is much worfe than Eng.  : — of mine
hand, that thou mayft plant the heavens, and lay
jhe foundation of the earth.
20. They lie at the head oj all the ftreets, as a,
wild bull in a net.] i, . as a cabbage half
boiled.

on the Ol d T e s t a m e n t* ^ i i£
boiled. Vulg. ¦>" as a bird called oryx in a Ifaiah.
net. LII. 5. And my name continually every day is
blajphemed.] 6, My name is continually blafphe-
med among the Gentiles through you.
St. Paul, Rom. li. 24. cites itfo ; but without
the word, continually. And St. Paul applies it to
the blafphemy of God's name among the Gen
tiles, becaufe of the wickednefs of the Jews his
fervants; but here one would take it to mean,
becaufe of their low condition.
14, 15. As many were aftonied at thee ; (his vi*
Jage was Jo marred, &c.) fo fhall he fpr inkle many
nations, the kings fhall fhut their mouths at him.]
ttf,  ' — fo fhall many nations admire him j kings
fhall fhut their mouths, &c.
Ibid. For that which had not been told them Jhall
fhey Jee ; and that which they had not heard, fhalt
they conflder.] 4, To whom he was not fpoken
of, they fhall fee ; and they which had not heard
fhall underftand.
So St. Paul, Rom. xv. 21. And fo it better fits
the context here.
LIII. 1. Who hath believed our report?] 4t
Lord, who hath believed?
So St. Paul and St. John do cite. So that K«'^«
muft have been in the old copy.
3. He is defpifed and rejetled of men, a man oj
(arrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid ai
it were our jaces Jrom him ; he was dejpijed, and
we efleemed him not.] 4, His appearance is defpi-
cable and mean beyond the common rate of the
fons of men : a man under a ftroke, and knowing
how to bear weaknefs ; his face dafh'd [or, turn
ed back] di-fgraced and difregarded.
4. Surely he hath borne our griefs', and carried our
farrows.] 4, — our fins, and been .in pain for us.
St. Matt. ch. viii. 17. Himfelf took our infirmities,
I 2 and

116 Critical Notes
Ifaiah. end bare our Jukneffes. He applies it to our Sa
viour's curing the dife^fes of mens bodies. But
St. Peter, i Ep. ch. ii. 24. is as 4. He b.ue our
fins, &c. And Heb. is to that purpofe in the next
verfe. LIII. 6. The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity
of us all] 9, The Lord hith given him up for
our fins.
8. He was taken from prifon and from judgment:
and who jhall declare his generation ? for he was cut
off out of the land of the living ; for the tranfgrejfion
oj my people was he jmitten?] i, In his low eltate
his judgment [or, trial] was taken away: who
fhall declare his generation? for his life is taken
away from the earth ; and for the tranfgreffions
pf my people he was put to death.
9. He made his grave with the wicked, and with
the rich in his death.] 6, I will give the wicked
for his grave, [or, burial] and the rich for his
death. So Vulg.
10. Yet it pleafed the Lord to bruife him, he hath
put him to grief: when thou fhalt make his foul an
offering for fin, he Jhall Jee his feed, he fhall pro
long his days.] c, The Lord's will is, to cleanfe
him of his bruife: if ye make [or, as other edi
tions of 4, if he be made] an offering for fin, your
foul fhall fee a long- liv'd feed.
LIV. 15. Behold, they Jhall Jurely gather toge
ther, but not by me : whofoever Jhall gather together
againft thee, Jhall jail jor thy Jake.] 9, Behold,
ftrangers fhall come to thee for my Lke; and
fhall dwell with thee, ahd fly to thee. Vulg. as 0.
LVII. 5. Inflaming your Jelves with idols.] 6,
Who take comfort in their idols. So Vulg.
Ibid. Slaying the children in the valleys.] 4, e$d-
Qovlz;. It feems here, both by Heb. and 6, that they did
not only draw them through the fire, but effec
tively murder'd them. LVII. 6.

on the Old Testament. ii;
LVII. 6. Among the finooth.fiones oj the ftream Ifaiah.
is thy portion ; they, they are thy lot: even to them ,
haft thou poured a drinfc-offering, thou haft offered
a meal offering. Should t receive comfort in thefe? ]
6, This is thy portion, this is thy lot; to them
thou haft poured drink-offerings, and to them
thou haflr offered facrifices. Should I not be an
gry for fuch things?
6 has nothing of fmooth ftones of the ftream :
And if they are to be inferted at all, it fhould be,
I think, at the end of the verfe preceding [under
the clifts of the rocks among the fmooth ftones
of the ftream.] There was in that verfe a 'men- .
tion of their idols to which they facrific'd their
children : Thefe, fays the prophet, are thy portion
and thy lot ; to them thou haft poured drink-
offerings, &c. It cannot be meant that they fa
crific'd to ftones of the ftream. Vulg. for [amortg
the fmooth ftones of the ftream,] has [in partibus
torrentis, in the fides of the brook.]
i o. Thou art wearied in the greatnefs of thy way ;
yet faidft thou not, There is no hope : thou haft found
the life of thine hand; therefore thou waft not grie
ved.]' 9, Thou art wearied in thy manifold
ways ; thou haft not faid, I will leave off j thou
art ftrong [or, impudent] fince thou hadft done
thefe things ; therefore thou didft not petition me.
14. And jhall fay, Caft ye up, caft ye up, pre
pare the way, take up the ftumbling block.] 0', — — >
make, clean the ways before his face,, take up, &c.
LVIII. 3. In the day'oj your jaft you find plea-
jure, and exatl all your labours.], 6, ———.and
fqueeze all your debtors [or, thofe under your
power.] So Vulg.
4. You jaft jor ftrije and debate, and to finite
with (he fift of wickednefs.] i, -¦ and you
finite with the fift the man of low eftate.
I 3 LVIII. 6.

j!8 Critical Notes
Jjm«h. LVIII. 6. To locfe the bands of wickednefs,' to un
do the heavy burdens, and to let the opprejjed go free,
and that you break every yoke.] i, Loofc every
band of wickednefs, diflblve the ties of forced
contracts, let the opprefied go free, and cancel
every unequitable bond [or, covenant.]
LIX. 5. He that eateth of their eggs dieth, and
that which is crufhed, breaketh out into a viper.] 4,
He that goes to eat of their eggs, when he crufh-
es the fhell, finds therein a viper.
1 9 . When the enemy fhall come in like a flood, the
fpirit of the Lord Jhall lift up a ftandard againft
him.] 4, For wrath from the Lord fliall come
as a violent flood ; it fhall come with indignation.
See the context before.
LX- 4- Thy fons fhall come from far, and thy
daughters fhall be nurjed at [thy] fide.] 0, — fhall
be brought on [mens] fhoulders.
5. Then thou Jhalt fee and flow together, and
thine heart fhall fear, and be enlarged, becaufe.]
6,. — —-f;nd fear, and be amazed in thy mind, be
caufe, &e.
LXI. 7. For your Jhame [you Jhall have] double;
and for confufion, they Jhall rejoice in their portions:
therefore in their land they jhall poffejs the double ;
ever I :.fi ing jcy Jhall be unto them.] 6, So fhall they
the fecond time inherit the land, and everlafting
joy fhall be on their head.
L. AH the middle words are not in 4 ; and fome of
them feem fet down twice in Heb.
LXI II. 9. In all their ajflitlion he was afflitled;
and the angel of his prejence faved them.] Vulg--*
he was not afflicted ; and the angel—- 4, Out of
all their affliction, not^rh ambaffador, not an an
gel, but he himfelf faved them.
14. As a be aft goeth down into the valley, the fpi
rit of the Lord cmjedhim to reft.] 0 puts the firft
words.

on the Old Testament. 119
words of this verfe to the end of the verfe fore-Ifaiah.
going ; and rightly, I think, rendering it thus :
6, He led them through the deep, as a horfe in
the wilder flef — and as a beaft along a field. The
fpirit of the Lord came down and led them.
LXIH. 19; We are [thine,] thou never bareft rule
over them: they wertnst called by thy name?] i, We
are as we were at firft when thou did'ft not rule over
us,, and when we were not called by thy name.
• Vulg. here is as 4. And Calvin and many ex
positors undefft'arid the text in this fenfe, as a
continuance pf the complaint exprefs'd in the words ,
before ; Thine adverfaries have trodden down thy
fanctuary : we are in no better cafe Chan thofe that
know thee not.
LXI V. 1,2. That the mountains might flow down
at thy prejence, As when the melting fire burneth,
the fire caujeth the waters to boyl.] 9; The moun
tains; and they fhall melt, as wax melteth before
the fire : and the fire fhall burn up thy adverfaries.
LXIV. 4. Since the ^beginning oj the world men
have not beard, nor perceived by the ear, neither
bdih the eye Jeen, 0 Gad, befides' thee [what] he
bath prepared jor him that waite th jor him.] 9,
Since the beginning of the world we have not
heard, nor have our eyes feen any God befides
thee and thy works, which thou wilt do for them
that wait On thy mercy.
St. Paul, 1 Cor. ii. 9. cites this text, not exact
ly in the words either of Heb. or 4: But the fenfe,
which is the fame in both ; but nearer to the words
of 4. So eh. Ixv. 1, 2.
5. Thoje that remember thee in thy ways: behold,
thou art wroth, for we have finned: in thoje is con
tinuance, and we Jhall be javed. But we are all as
an unclean thing, Sec.] 6, That remember thy
ways: behold, thou art wroth, and we have fin-
I 4p nedj

i2o Critical Notes
Ifaiah. ned ; therefore we are gone aftray, and are be
come, all of us, as unclean.
4 does not help at this place to explain Heb. ha
ving nothing at all for thofe words of Heb. [in
thofe is continuance, and we fhall be faved;] nei
ther does Vulg. help, having no more fenfe than
Eng Behold, thou art wroth, and we have finned:
we have been always in them, and Jhall be faved.
The right cowftruction of the words is, I think,
refior'd by Caftalio. ^
, Caft. Remember thee in thy ways. But thou
art wroth : for we have finned in them [i. 'e. iri
the ways which thou taughteft us] continually:
and fhall we [or, can we] be faved ?
'Tis very hard toVnake any orthodox fenfe out
of Vulg- or Eng. In thofe is continuance ; or, We
have been always in them. In thofe what ? in our
fins? We continue in our fins, and yet fhall be
fayed ; is a moft incongruous fenfe, and contrary
to all the tenour of Scripture. It muft be turn'd,
as Caft. turns it, into an interrogation; Thou
taughteft us good ways ; but we have finned in
them continually : and fhall we be faved ? or elfe,
the claufe left out as in 4.
Trem. had turn'd the words fomething better
than Vulg. Remember thee in thy ways. Behold,
thou art wroth when we fin : if we had ftood con
tinually in them, [viz. in thy ways] we fhould
have been faved.
LXIV. n, 12. Our holy and beautiful bouje,
where our fathers worfhipped thee, is burnt with
fire  Wilt thou refrain thy felf for thefe things,
0 Lord? wilt thou hold thy peace, and afflicl us
very fore? ] c,  And in all thefe things thou
haft with-held [or, refrained] thy felf, and held
thy peace, and brought us very low.
Ifaiah, an hundred years before the thing was,
expreffes it and bewails it in as direct terms, as
Jeremy

on the OldTestament. 121
Jeremy in the Lamentations does, after it was Ifaiah
done. LXV. 3. Burneth incenje upon altars of brick.]
Marg. Upon bricks. 0', Burneth incenfe upon
bricks [or, tyles, 7rAi'v!W] to devils that are not.
4. Which remain among the groves, and fieep in
the monuments.] 9, Which fleep in the groves and
fepulchres for dreams. _-— .
6, 7. I will recompenje intonheir bojom your ini
quities, and the iniquities oj your jatbers.] 6,
their  their
8. As new wine is found in the clufier.] £, As
a kernel is found in the grape.
1 1 . That prepare a table Jor that troop, [Marg.
Gad] and^ that furnijh a drink-offering to that num
ber [Marg. Meni.] 6, That prepare a table to
that daemon, and furnifh a drink-offering to For
tune, tiw
1 6. Becaufe the former troubles are forgotten, and
becauje they are hid Jrom mine eyes.] 9, For they
fhall forget their former trouble, and it fhall not
come into their mind.
20. There Jhall be no more thence an injant oj
days, nor an old man that bath not filled his days :
jor the child Jhall die an hundred years old ; but the
finner being an hundred years old, Jhall be accurjed.]
i, There fliall be no more there any one old Before
his time [a.u>£9; ii 7rez<r£vTij;, I. elm^9; it^iS^tnui] that
has not filled his days : for one of an hundred
years fhall be [accounted] a young man j and a
finner that dies at an hundred, fhall be [accounted]
accurfed. As this is plainly a prophecy of the longevity
of that generation, the .reading of 4 is much more
likely to be the true reading. 'Tis true that the
whole prophecy muft be underftood in an allego
rical fenfe, as muft moft- in this latter part of the
book : for no generation of men has had in a pro per

122 Critical No tes
Ifaiab. per or literal fenfe this longevity common, fince
the common age of man has been limited to 70
or 80. The Chriftian bleffings, efpecially that
of an eternal life promifed, do far exceed all things
here fpoken of: But conceiving of them as literal,
and belonging to this life, Calvin and Trem. do
both fay that one common hyperbolical vein runs
through them. all. See f 22.
LXVI. 2. All thefe things hath mine hand made,
and all thefe things have been.] 6,- ••- are mine*
12. Ye Jhall be borne upon her fides, and dandled
upon her knees.] 9, Her children fhall be carried
on [mens] fhoulders, and dandled on their knees-
In two or three places where Heb. is fides, 4 is,
Jh&ulders. Here 6 feems the right. But Vulg. here
is, Ye Jhall be carried at her breafis.
: 19. To Tarjhijh, Pul, and Lud, that draw the
bow, to Tubal and Javan.] 9, To Tar/hifh, Phut,
and Lud, and Mejhech, and Tubal, and Grcecia.
Micah.
ILflCAH prophefied at the fame time that IJai-
•*¦*-*• ah and Hofea did ; only he began later than
they did, viz. in Jotham' s time ; and continued
in the times of Ahaz, and Hezekiah. He may be
fuppos'd to have begun at 3965, or 70. He pro-
paefy'd both concerning Samaria and Jerufalem ;
but rnoftly of the latter. There are many fenten-
ces in his book, the fenfe whereof is very intricate ;
and in which the reader of Eng. might expect fome
help from 4: But in moft of them 4, though it
has feveral words different from thofe in Heb. yet
has none that make any clearer fenfe. The words
in both feern to have been in many places mangled
by fcribes ; as it often happens in fentences fo very
fhort, and not depending upon one another. 1.8.

e« flfo Old Testamen t. 123
¦ I. 8. Therefore I will wail and howl, I will go Micah.
flript and naked: I will make a wailing like the dra
gons, and mourning as the owls.] i, Therefore fhe
[Samaria] fhall wail and howl, and go unfhodj
and being naked fhall make a howling, &c.
13. 0 thou inhabitant oj Lachijh, bind the cha
riot to the fwjt beafi.] 9, [There is] a noife of
chariots and of horfemen, oh inhabitant of La-
cbifb. II. 1 . When the morning is light they praStife it,
becaufe it is in the power of their ha\nd.] 9, As foon
as it is day they put it in execution ; for they lift
up no hands to God.
III. 7. Then Jhall the Jeers be ajhamed, and the
diviners confounded : yea they Jhall cover their lips ;
for there is no anfwer from God.] 4, Then fhall
the feers be afhamed of their dreams, and the di
viners fhall be laughed at, and you your felves
fhall all fpeak againft them ; for no man fhall re
gard them.
12. Therefore Jhall Sion jor your Jakes be plowed
as a field, und Jerujalem Jhall become heaps, and
the mountain oj the houfe as the high-places of the fo
refl.] This prophecy of Micah in the days of He
zekiah was an hundred years afterward in the days
of Zedekiah cited in defence of Jeremiah, whom
they were going to punifh for faying the fame
thing. The word here tranflated [heaps,] and in
Vulg. acervus lapidum, is in 4, at one place, a
lodge; and at the other, «G«tov, an untrodden
place. IV. 5. We will walk in the name of the Lord our
God for ever and ever. ] 9,  «V cuma, it, ?jrac«v« •
which in the common way of rendering would be,
far ever and longer.; and is in Vulg. in ceternum &?
ultra. But this is a plain proof that le holam in
Heb. and «'y «*m* in 0, fhould ftot always be ren-
¦-"  " ~ "" " " der'd*

224 Critical Note-s
'Mkah. der'd, for ever: Taking the word in the philofo-
phical fenfe.
V. i . Now gather thy Jelj in troops, O daughter
of troops.] 4, Now fhall the daughter [of Ephraim,
Alex.] be hedged in with a hedge. Vulg. Now
fhalt thou be wafted, O thou daughter of a thief.
2. But thou Beth-lebem Ephratab, [though] thou
be little among the thoujands oj Judah, [yet] out oj
thee he Jhall come jorth unto me± that is to be ruler
in IJrael.] 4, And thou  art very little that
thou fhouldft be among the thoufands of Judah.
Out of thee he fhall come, &c.
Some taking the hint from 4, and making an
adverb of the word [little,] tranflate the Hebrew
thus; And thou Bethlehem Ephrata, it is very little
[or, a fmall matter] that thou fhouldft be among
the thoufands of Judah: out of thee fhall come he
that is to be ruler in IJrael.
Others think the reading here to be erroneous ;
and that there fhould be the negative particle here,
which is in the citation of this text, Matt. ii. 6.
VI. y. Will the Lord be pleajed with thoujands oj
rams, or with ten thoujands oj river s of oyl?] i,
 fat kids? ^
VII. 12. In that day be Jhall. come even to thee
from AJfyria, and from the fortified cities, and from
the foritefs even to the river.] 4, And thy cities
fhall be laid wafte, and lhall be admeafur'd by
the Affyrians: and thy ftrong cities [fhall be
brought] to a divifion from Tyre to the river:
Meaning the river Euphrates; i. e. from the weft
to the eaft.

Nahum.

on the Old Testament. 125
Nahum.
THere is no certain character of the time of
Nahum's Prophecy ; faving that it muft have
been before the destruction of Niniveh, which it
foretels. That destruction was in Jofiab's time by
Nebopulafar, father of the great Nebuchadnezzar,
who transferr'd all the glory and riches of Niniveh
to Babylon. In Ezek. xxxi. and in Jeremy, it is
fpoken of as deftroyed fome time ago •, which fhews
the inconvenience of placing their books before
Nahum and Zephany, who foretel the destruction
of it. It disturbs a reader, after he has read in a
former book of a city as now perifh'd fome time
ago, to read in a latter one of it as yet Handing.
The Chronology of Marg. Eng fets Nahum at the
year 4001, which would be the middle of Heze-
kiah's time : But Trem. and others that place him
at the beginning of Jofiah (which was 70 years
after) fpeak more probably. Ufher fets the de-
ftrudtion of Niniveh at 4088. which was the 14th
of Jofiah. ,
I. 7. The Lord is good, a ftrong hold in the dayNahumi
oj trouble.] 6, — is kind to thofe that waiif upon
him in the day of trouble.
10. For while they Jhall be jolded together as
thorns, and while they are drunken as drunkards,
they 'flail be devoured as ftubble fully dry.] 4, For
it [Niniveh] fhall be thrown down from its foun
dation, and fhall be burnt as a faggot bound up,
and as reed that is fully dry.
The interpreters know not how to apply here
any thing of drinking. It is not in 4.,
12. Thus faith the Lord, Though they be quiet,
and likewife many, yet thus fhall they be cut down: >
though I have afflicled thee, I will afflicl thee, no
more]

126 Critical Notes
Nahum. more.] 4, Thus faith the Lord that ruleth over
many waters, Even thus fhall they be cut down,
and the fame of them fliall be heard no more.
I fuppofe, the Prophet fpeaking thefe words
ufed the action of a mower ; and that it is fpoken
of Niniveh.
II. 2. For the Lord hath turned away the excel
lency of Jacob, as the excellency of Ifrael.] 4. — —
ttiv vfyiv  -tiSeiv •¦ " J£^iv The difdainful injury
done to Jacob, as being an injury done to his peo
ple Ifrael. Caft. Adhibitam in Jacobceos fuperbiam.
The context is not of judgments on Ifrael, but
of the injury done to them by the pride of the
Ninivites or Affyrians.
3. The chariots fhall be with flaming torches in
the day of his preparation ; and the fir-trees Jhall
be terribly Jhaken.] 4, In the day of his prepara
tion the bridles of his chariots and the horfemen
fhall make a tumult. Vulg. as 0.
5. He Jhall recount his worthies.] 4, Her great
men fhall remember [or, be rowzed.]
6. The gates of the rivers Jhall be opened, and
the palace Jhall be diffolved.] 4,  the cities — —
be thrown down.
10. She is empty, and void, and wafte, and the
heart melteth, and the knees fmite together, and much
pain is in all loins, and the faces of them all gather
blacknefs.] 4, There will be pulling, and tearing,
and a flutter, heart melting, knees trembling,
pains in all loins, and all mens faces like a pot
[or, kettle] burnt. So Vulg. So Caft.
III. 8, 9, 10. Art thou better than populous No,
that was fituate among the rivers, that had the wa
ters round about it , whoje rampart was the Jea,
and her wall was Jrom the jea ? Ethiopia and E-
gypt were her ftrength, and it was infinite ; Put and
Lubim were thy helpers. Yet was Jhe carried a-
ivay, Jhe went into captivity, Sec] 4, Prep.ire a
1 portion :

"~on the Old Testament. > 127
portion : fit the rope : prepare a portion of Am- Nahum.
man: fhe that dwelleth among the rivers, the wa
ters are round about her: her head [or empire,
dtx,>i] is the fea, and the waters are her walls. E-
thiopia and Egypt are her ftrength : and- there was
no Hop [or end, ni^a.;] of thy flight : Phut and
the Libyans were her helpers ; and fhe fhall be
carried captive: her young children fhall be dafh-
ed,, &c .
Heb. fuppofes No to have been now deftroy'd in
Nahum's time, and makes it an example for the
destruction of Niniveh, that fhould be. 4 has no
thing at all about No (unlefs Amman be a name of
No ,) but goes on with the threatening againft
Niniveh. Againft Heb. there is a great exception ; that
in Jeremy's and Ezekiel's time No is fpoken of as
being then one of the moft considerable cities of
Egypt, and is threaten'd as to be deftroy'd by Ne
buchadnezzar, Jer. xlvi. 25. Ezek. xxx. f 14, 15,
and 16. and therefore cannot be fpoken of here
50 years before as already deftroy'd.
Againft the reading of 4 (which proceeds as
fpeaking of Niniveh) it is obvious to object that
Niniveh was not nigh the fea, nor had any ftrength
from Egypt or Libya.
The truth is, it is very uncertain what city or
place is meant by No in Heb. (though Vulg. does
, conftantly translate it Alexandria.) The Greec
tranflators who liv'd at Alexandria, could not be
ignorant of any old name by which their city was
call'd. It inhere in Heb. No Amen. He, who
ever he wa& that made the Greec tranflation, makes
Amon [or fAmmon] the proper name, and calls ii
peguta 'ky.y,uv, th\part or province of Amon. But
the translator of E'uxkiel, xxx. where, fig. it is
again Amon No, tak^. Amon for an appellative fig-
nifying multitude, {ftmttlg and Eng do) and trans
lates,

128 Critical Notes ^_
Nahum. lates, The multitude of Memphis ; and yet at f
14. and again f 16. (where Heb. has only No
without Amon) calls it Diojpolis. Memphis and
Diofpolis were known cities of Egypt ; but diftant
enough from Alexandria : And No could not be
the old name of both of them. I guefs that 4 muft
have read in their copy of Heb. fome names diffe
rently from what we read now.
In Jeremy xlvi. 25. Amon of No is tranflated by
Pagnin, King of No. Ar. Mont. Amon de No.
Eng. Multitude of No. Marg. Nourilher of No.
Vulg. Tumult of Alexandria. And 4 there has
nothing but Amon her fon. - Thefe are, I think,
all the places where No is fpoken of.
-The Historians enquire in what conqueft of E-
gypt before Nahum 's prophecy No was deftroy'd.
UJher thinks Senacherib at the time, or before the
time that he invaded Judea, made a conqueft of
Egypt. Trem. who takes No to be Alexandria,
had mention'd, but rejected, that opinion ; becaufe
Berojus, in Jojephus, fays that he came no farther
into Egypt than to Pelufium. He thinks it was fome
Ethiopian conqueft a great while before. But Na
hum here fays, both in Heb. and 4, Ethiopia and
Egypt were her ftrength.
III. 15. Make thy felf many as the canker-worm,
make thy felf many as the locufts.] 9, It [the fword]
fhall devour thee as the canker-worm, thou fhalt
be prefied [or, fqueezed] as a locuft.
19. Thy wound is grievous.] 6, Is gangren'd.
Zephaniah.
HE prophefied, as the Text it felf fays, in the
days of Jofiah. It muft be in the former
part of Jofiah's reign ; becaufe he, as well as Na
hum, foretels the defolation of Niniveh, the great-
eft city then in the world : which was fulfill'd, as
Trem,

on the Old Testament. 129
Trem. thinks, by the Scythians (who about that
time over-run all Afia.) But that is too earlyt
being about the beginning of Jpfiah's time. As
UJhertWmks, by the Babylonians about the middle
of Jofiah' s reign. He prophesies alfo of the extir
pation of the Philiftines, of whom accordingly
little is heard after this time.
I. 3. And the flumbling-blocks with the wicked, Zephaniah
and 1 will cut off man Jrom the land.] 4, And the
wicked fhall grow/weak, and I will cut off the
wicked from the land.
9. Which fill their mafiers houfes with violenp^
and deceit.] 4, Which fill the houfe of the Lord
their God with violence arid deceit.
II . 1 . O nation not" defired. ] Vulg. Non ama-
bilis. 4, Not instructed, direu^-rov.
2. Before the decree bring forth, before the day
pafs as the chaff, before the fierce anger.] 4, Be
fore you become as a flower that fadeth, before
the wrath of God come upon you.
4. Gaza Jhall be forfaken, AJhkelon a dejolatlon,
Sec] There is juft fuch a prophecy of the defo
lation of the Philiftines country in Jeremy xlvii.
fpoken perhaps by both thefe prophets about the
fame time; and fulfill'd partly by Pharaoh-Necho7
the fame that kill'd Jofiah, and fully by Nebu
chadnezzar who burnt Jerujalem, and extirpated
the Philiftines. .
xi. He Will jamijh all the gods oj the earth.] 4,
Will destroy.
HI. 3. Her judges are evening wolves ; they gnaw
not the bone till the morrow.] 4,  — Arabian
wolves ; they leave nothing for next morning,
6, I have cut off the nations : their towers are de-
Jolate.] Marg. Their corners. 4. I have cut off'
the proud :* their corners are difappeared.
Vol. II. K HI- 7*

130 Critical Notes
Zephaniah HI. 7. Surely thou wilt jear me : thou wilt re
ceive infiruclion, Jo their dwelling Jhould not be cut
off, howjoever I punijhed them.] 0,  receive
instruction: and all the things wherein I have pu
nifhed her, will not be quite caft out of her eyes-
So Vulg.
15. The Lord hath taken away thy judgments, he
bath caft out thine enemy.] 4,- - thine iniquities,
he hath redeemed thee from the hand of thine
enemy. 17. He will rejoice over thee with joy: be will
reft in bis love, he will joy over tbee with finging?]
v, He will bring joy to thee : he will renew thee
in his love, he will greatly delight in thee as on a
feaft-dav. 18. I will gather them that' are Jorrowjul jor the
Jolemn affembly, who are of thee, [to whom] the re
proach of it was a burden?] 6, I will gather the con
trite ones of thee. Alas! who has taken up a reproach
¦ againft her. Vulg. I will gather again thofe who
have revolted from the law ; becaufe they were
of thee : that thou be no more reproached for
them. 19, 20. 1 will undo all that afflibl thee, and I
will fave her that halteth — — and I will get them
praife and fame in every land where they were put
to fhame. At that time will I bring you again, even
in the time when I gather you : for I will make you
a name, Sec] 4, I will act in thee for thy fake,
[or, for thy good] and I will fave her that was
oppreffed  and I will get them praife and
fame in every land. And they fhall be afhamed
in that day when I fhall deal well with you, and
at that time when I receive you: for I will make
you a name, &c.

Habakkuk^

wf& Old Testament. 131
Habakkuk.
THis Prophet alfo is fuppos'd to have been in
Joflah's time. The Chronology of Marg.
Eng. fets his beginning at 4088. which is about
the middle of Joflah's reign. There is one reafon
to think that one paragraph of this prophecy was
in Jeboiakim's time, viz. ch. ii. 9-12. for the re
buke there is exactly like to Jeremy xxii. 13, &c
which is by Jeremy exprefly level I'd at Jehoiakim,
who was, it feems, a tyrannous and arbitrary
prince, fqueezing his fubjects to make for himfelf
great and fine palaces. Habakkuk foretels (as Ifai
ah had done before) the invafion of the Chaldeans;
therefore his beginning muft be before their com
ing. They began to come in Jeboiakim's time.
The laft chapter is a pfalm ; of which there is
a copy in Cardinal Barberin's book, which feems
more antient and more correct than any other
edition of 4. Bojs has tranfcrib'd and inferted in
his notes the whole copy. I have here inferted
only fome texts which explain or amend Heb. better
than 0 Vat. or any other. The fcribe at the foot
of that copy takes notice that it differs in fome
places, not only from the common editions of 4,
but alfo from Aq. Symm. Theod. and gueffes it may
have been taken frorri the Vth or Vlth edition.
If it was, 'tis pity we have not fome more out of
jhofe editions left.
I. 3. Why dofl thou Jhew me iniquity, and cauje Habakkuk
me to behold grievance ? jor Jpoiling and violence are
before me ; and there are that raife up flrife and
contention.] 0, Why haft thou -fhewed me trouble,
and caufed me to fee grievance, mifery, and wick
ednefs? judgment is given againft mcj and the
judge taketh [bribes.] K a I.4,

132 Critical Notes
Habakkuk I. 4, The wicked doth compajs about the righteous.]
4, Doth opprefs the righteous.
5. Behold ye among the heathen, and regard, and
wonder marvelloufly : for Lwill work a work, Sec]
4, Behold ye defpifers, and regard, and wonder
marvelloufly, and perifh: for I work a work in
your days, cifr. as St. Paul quotes it.
7. Their judgment and their dignity Jhall proceed
oj themjelves.] 9, Their judgment fliall be of
themfeives, and their burden fhall proceed of
themfeives. 8. Their borjes——- more fierce than the evening
wolves.] 0, Than the Arabian wolves.
Once or twice before the evening wolves in Heb.
were in 4, Arabian wolves. It muft have been
fome mif-writing or mif-conftruction of the He
brew word.
9. Their jaces Jhall jup up as the eaft -wind.] 6,
They have fet their faces oppofite. Symm. The
look of their faces is the burning wind [or, Sa-
miel.] Vulg. Their face is the burning wind.
1 1 . Then Jhall [his] mind change, and he Jhall
paj's over, and offend ; [imputing] this his power unto
his god.] i, Then fhall [his] mind change, and he
fhall pafs over, and be reconciled : this is the power
of my God. Vulg. Then fhall [his] mind be chang
ed, and he fhall pafs over, and fhall fall : this is
the ftrength of his God.
It feems to be meant of Nebuchadnezzar, brought
at laft to the acknowledgment of the true God ;
which fenfe is exprefs'd by 4.
II. 4. Behold his foul [which] is lifted up, is not
upright in him : but the juft fhall live by his faith.]
6, If [any man] draw back, my foul has no plea
fure in him: but the juft, &c.
The Author to the Hebrews, ch, x. 38. quotes
this place fo.
H. 5.

on the Old Testament. 133
II. 5, Yea alfo becaufe be tranfgreffeth by wine, heHaiakiu*
is a proud man, neither keefeth at borne.] 9, But
he that has arrogant conceits, and is a defpifer
and proud man, fhall bring nothing to effect.
Vulg. And as wine deceives the man that drinks it;
fo fhall a proud man be, and fhall not be honoured.
Such diversities there are in the interpretation
of words 1 Becaufe there is the word, wine, in
Heb. and nothing of wine or drinking in 4; fome
have thought that jc*to<6)«w in 0', [arrogant, felf-
conceited] fhould be jcaToivo'^evcf [overcome with
wine] but there is no fuch lection in any copy.
The fenfe in 4 feems to proceed in confequence of
what went before ; 1 but in Heb. to begin a new
difcourfe. *¦'
1 1 . The .ftone Jhall cry out of the wall, and the
beam out of the timber Jhall anjwer it.] 0',—— and
the worm, jc«'vO«§oj, out of the timber, &c.
17. For the violence oj Lebanon Jhall cover thee :
and the Jpoil oj beafts which made them ajraid, be
caufe oj mens blood, Sec] Aq. The blood of Le
banon. Symm. The greedinefs. 4, The wicked
nefs of 'Lebanon fhall cover thee, and the ravening
of wild beafts fhall affright thee, becaufe of mens
blood [fhed] &c-
By the violence of Lebanon, interpreters fay* is
underftood the ravening of lions, bears, and other
wild beafts which were rife in Lebanon, to the af
frighting, and fometimes killing of men. 9 Vat.
is tuKcuTtwfa? but Symm. diueirciyti, the ravening
of wild beafts. The laft words are the fame as at
ir 8. Babylon fhould be punifhed for the blood -
fhed and violences of which it was guilty.
III. 1 , The prayer of Habakkuk the prophet upon
Sigionoth.] 4,  with finging, y.S w\%.
2. O Lord, I have heard thy Jpeech and was a-
jraid: 0 Lord, revive thy work in the midft ojthe
years, in the midft oj the years make known ; in
K 3 wrath

134 Critical Notes
Habakkuhwrath remember mercy.] 9, O Lord, I heard
thy voice and was afraid : I confidered thy works
and was aftonifhed. Between the two animals thou
fhalt be known; when the years draw nigh, thou
fhalt be acknowledged ; when the time is at hand,
thou fhalt be fhewn ; when my foul is troubled,
do thou in wrath remember mercy.
Some Fathers interpret, between the two cheru
bim. Some writing it not l?dw, but <?u>m, between
the two lives, interpret, When this life draws to
an end, and the next life approacheth, men will
acknowledge God.
III. 3. God came jrom Teman, and the holy One
Jrom mount Par an. Selah.] i Vat. — Teman, and the
holy One5* from mount Paran thick and ftiady,
&d<\/aKpot,. Cod. Barber. — — Teman, and the holy
One from mount Paran, Jix^aApotzo; fj.zra&o\y.
In all the Pfalms, where Heb. has Selah, 0 has
$i»-\,a,hy.x. But Cod. Barber, here, for Selah has
[the change of the tune, or, the tune changeth ; ]
and it may be that in all places where Jid^xAfjla is
fet, it is only an abbreviation of h*^/dKy,oms jws-
t«SoAjj. Many are the opinions concerning what
is meant by Selah. It may feem by this, that
wherever Selah was, the tune was to change. I
gave on the Pfalms one opinion, that where Se
lah is fet to any claufe, that claufe Is to be fu no-
over again by the chorus : That and this are very
confiftent. St. Hierom gives feveral gueffes at the
meaning of Selah ; one is, the change of the tune.
4. He had horns coming out oj his hand, and there
was the hiding of his power.] 9, — and he placed
the ftrong love of his power. Cod. Barb 
There was fixed the ftrength of his glory.
7. The tents ofCuJhan — and the curtains of the
land_ of Midian.] Here Eng. could not follow o\
(which here and every where makes Cujh or Cujhan,
to be Ethiopians) becaufe they are join'd with the
Midianitest

on the Old Testament. 135
Midianites, which were far from Ethiopia. This,Hahkkuk.
and other places, fhould convince us that all the
tranflations of Cuflb by 'Ethiopia are mistakes.
III. 9. Thy bow was made quite naked according ta
the oaths of the tribes, even thy word. Selah.] 9, Thou
didft strongly bend thy bow againft the tribes,
faith the Lord ; itd^ioiKftx. Cod. Barb. Where
thou wenteft forward thy bow was ready bent;
thou didft Jatiate the arrows of thy quiver, <fc-
•4>«AjU. 10. The mountains faw thee, and they trembled:
the overflowing of the water paffed by : the deep ut
ter 'd his voice, and lift up bis bands on high.] 9,
The people faw thee, and were in pain ; pattering
the waters of the paffage: the deep mtered its
Voice, the height of its appearance. Cod. Barb.
When thou didft fet thine eyes againft the moun
tains, they trembled ; the abyfs, as thy great
fhower paffed by it, raifed its voice to the height.
13. Thou woundedft the head out oj the houfe oj
the wicked, by difcovering the joundation to the neck.]
oy Thou fenteft death on the head of the wicked :
thou broughteft a yoke on their neck. Cod. Barb.
Thou didft fhoot the proud men in the head : they
went down to the depth of the fea.
14. Thou didft ftrike through with his ftaves the
head of bis villages : they came out as a whirlwind to
fe alter me: their rejoicing was as to devour the poor
Jfeeretly.] 9, in the common editions, and Vulg.
have no more fenfe than Eng.
Cod. Barb. Thou haft powerfully fhewn ven
geance on the chief of the finners, that trusted in
their felf-pleafing fo as to eat up the poor fecretly.
.16. When 1 heard, my belly trembled', my lips qui
vered at the voice : rottennefs entered into my bones,
and I trembled in my felf, that I might reft in the day
of trouble: when he cometh up unto his people, he wiU
invade them with his troops.] Cod. Barb. I obfer-
K 4 ved,

136 Critical Notes
ffabakkuk ved, and my bowels were turned : at the voice of
thy mouth a trembling came into my bones: I
was troubled in my felf. Thou wilt referve thefe
things for the day of calamity, to bring them
upon the nation that warr'eth againft thy people,
Thefe three Prophets, Nahum, Zephaniah, Hab
akkuk, liv'd fome parrof their time together with
Jeremiah; but he was younger than they. He
began the 13th year of Jofiah, 4085. and con
tinued to the Captivity, and fome years in the
time of it. Therefore though fome part of his
book was written before the Captivity, yet fome
part beinc written in the time of it, and after Je
rujalem wis burnt, it may be more proper to place
him among thofe that wrote and prophefied in the
Captivity, or after it: Of which he will be the
firft, Jeremiah,
PfEremiah was of the facerdotal race, one of the
Jr priefts of ' Anathoth, which was a city of Priefts
in the Tribe of Benjamin. He, and Ezekiel, were
the only prophets, I think, of thofe whofe books
we have, that were priefts. He was called by
God, while young, to his prophetical function
the 13th year of Jofiah, as the time is mention'd,
ch. i. 2. that is, ann. 4085. And, ch. xxv. 3. 'tis
faid that then, viz. at the 4th of Jehoiakim, 4108,
he had continued twenty-three years, riling early
and fpeaking to them, but they had not hearken'd.
Therefore he then told them, f 8. that Nebuchad
nezzar king of Babylon fhould come upon them (as
he did before the year was out) and that they
fhould ferve him for 70 years. And accordingly
that year 4108. is by moft Chronologers counted
fhe beginning of the 70 years Captivity, which ended

on the Old Testament. 137
ended the firft of Cyrus. But the king of Babylon
did not at that time carry away all the people, npr
deftroy the City and Temple : ( but only carried
away the treafures, and many of the chief men,
among whom Daniel was one) But they continued
a people under Jehoiakim, and his fon, and Zede
kiah for 18 years longer; and Jeremy all that
while perfuading and prophefying to them, till
on the iothday of the 5th month in the year 4 126,
Jerufalem and the Temple were burnt. But Je
remy ftaid in the country with fome few of the
meaneft of the people, whom the Chaldeans left
there : And they after fome time refolving (con
trary to his advice) to go into Egypt, he went
along with them, and prophefied an utter destruc
tion to them there ; which came to pafs about 16
years after. But he himfelf did not live till that
time, but died -(as is probable ) in Egypt, after
having done theoffice of a Prophet about 43 years.
The copies of his book have fome difference
in Heb. and 6 Vat. in the order of placing the
chapters. For the 24 firft chapters, and the 25th
to jr 14, they ftand alike. But there 6 -Vat. begins
the prophecies againft the foreign nations, (which
in Heb. does not come in till chap, xlvi.) which
make five or fix chapters. This makes a diffe
rence in the numbers of all the following chapters.
The Greee interpreter of this book, wherever
there is mention of Baal, makes Baal a fhe-deity ;
and calls it facrificing t? B*'«sA> which other books
generally exprefs tw b*'*a.
II. 16. Alfo the children of Noph and Tabapanes Jeremiah.
have broken the crown oj thy head.] 0, — — Mem
phis and Taphne have known thee and mocked
thee. The Jews are not recorded to have fuffer'd any
thing from the Egyptians in all Joflah's time till
7 his

138 Critical Notes
Jermiab. his death. Of his fons indeed they difplac'd one,
and fet up another. This prophecy, though fet
firft in the book, perhaps was not fpoken firft ;
or rather it is a prophecy of what fhould after
ward be, though exprefs'd in the prseter tenfe ;
which is a thing ufual in the prophecies,
II. 20. For oj old time I have broken thy yoke, and
burft tby bands, and thou Jaidft, I will not tranj-
grejs: when upon every high hill and under every
green tree thou wandrefl, Sec] Marg. ¦ thou-
faidft, I will not ferve. 4, For of old time thou
haft broken thy yoke, and burft thy bands, and
haft faid, I will not ferve thee : but I will go to
every high hill, 13 c. Vulg. as 4 ; only, my yoke,
my bands.
31. Wherefore Jay my people, we are lords, we
will came no more unto thee ? ] 0',—— people, we
will not be lorded over: we will come no more
unto thee ?
34. / have not found it by fecret fearch, but up
on all thefe?] 9, but under every oak.
37. Yea, thou Jhalt go forth from him, and thy
hands upon tby head.] £, — from it [viz. from Egypt.]
Trem. in verfe before had inftead of, Egypt,
faid, the Egyptian ; and here fays, the Israelites
fliall go out from him: Therefore Eng. (though
it had faid, not, the Egyptian, but, Egypt, yet)
makes Ifrael go out from him, viz. Egypt. The
old Englijh tranflation was, from them, viz. from
the Egyptians. 4 is ixSfa. Vulg. ab ill A. Caft.
illinc, from thence.
III. 2. In the ways baft thou Jat for them, as the
Arabian in the wildernejs.] 4, as a fhe-
crow that wanted her mate, ietipi.afji.ivyi.
5. Will be rejerve [bis anger] Jor ever?] £,
Shall it [thy obftinacy] continue for ever?
10. Judah has not turned unto me with her whole
heart, but Jeignedly, Jaith the Lord.] This being
7 fpoken

on the Old Testament. 139
fpoken of Joflah's time, (fee f 6.) gives a reafon Jermiab^
why the reformation in Joflah's time did not pro
cure a pardon for the fins of Manafjeb's time i
(fee 2 Kings xxiii. 26.) becaufe though the refor
mation were, on the king's part, fincere, yet it
was on the people's part, feigned.
III. 19. But I Jaid, How Jhall I put thee among
the children, and give thee a pleajant land, a goodly
heritage oj the hofts of nations?] L (And I faid,
Amen, O Lord) and I will account thee as my
children, and give thee the pleafant land, the in
heritance of the Almighty God of the nations.
In the latter part of the fentence the Heb. fcribe
feems to have dropp'd the word [God,] and in
the former part Jeremy's Amen, which he had us'd
in the midft of a fentence fpoken by God.
IV. 16. Make fe mention to the nations, behold,
publifh againft Jerufalem that watchers come from a
far country, and give out their voice againft the cities
of Judah, Sec] 6, Proclaim it, O ye nations,
behold they are come : tell Jerufalem that there
come companies from a far country, and give out
their voices; 13c .
21. How long Jhall I Jee the ftandard, and hear
the jound oj the trumpet?] 9,  PTee men
running away, and hear — So Vulg.
30. Though thou rent eft thy jace with painting\
6, Though thou anoint thy eyes with painting.
So Vulg.
31. My Joul is wearied becaufe of murderers.!
4, My foul fainteth becaufe of men murdered.
So Vulg.
V. 4. I Jaid, Surely thefe are poor, they are Jool-
ijh: they know not the way oj the Lord!] 9, — —
perhaps thefe are pbor, they are not able—
8. They were as Jed borjes in the morning : every
one neighed after his neighbour's wife.] 0, They
were as horfes mad for mares— 3-jjAiy*«v«j-, Vulg.
Equi (ndjjafii. " V. 10.

140 Critical Notes
Jermiab. V. 10. Make not a jull end: take away her bat
tlements ; for they are not the Lord's.] 9, —leave
the foundations ; for they are the Lord's.
17. They Jhall impoverijh thy jenced cities, where"
in thou truft edft, with the Jword.] 0',— deftroy— .
l$c. Vulg. Conterent.
31. The prophets propbejy falfly, and the priefts
bear rule by their means.] 0',—— and the priefts
clap their hands at it. Marg take with their
hands. VI, 29. The founder melteth in vain ; for the
wicked are not plucked away.] 4, for their
wickednefs is not melted. So Vulg.
VII. 2 1 . Put your burnt-offerings to your Jacri-
fices, and eat flejh.] i. e. Eat the flefh of them
your felves.
The flefh of their facrifices [i. e. their peace-
offerings] they did always ufe to eat themfeives;
but the flefh of the burnt-offerings was burnt as
an offering to God. But here God does in dif-
dain bid them eat that themfeives too ; for he
will not accept it.
VIII. 4. Shall they Jail, and not arife ? Jhall be
turn away, and not return ? ] 9, Vulg. Shall a
man that falls down, not get up again ? he that
turns out of his way, fhall he not turn in again ?
8. Lo, certainly in vain made belt; the pen oj
the Jcribes is in vain.] 6, Vulg. The falfe reed
[or, pen] is in vain to the fcribes.
10, 11, 12. Here Heb. repeats the very words
that were, ch. vi. 13, 14, 15. But the repetition
is not in 4.
IX. 3. And they bend their tongues like their bow,
jor lies: but they are not valiant jor the truth upon
the earth?] 9, And they bend their tongue like a
bow : Ires, and not truth, have prevailed in the
land.
IX. 4,

on the Old Testament. I4J
IX. 4. Every neighbour will walk with flanders.]Jirmiak-
4, Vulg. Every friend will walk deceitfully.
6. Thine habitation is in the midft oj deceit, through
deceit they tefuje to know me. ] 4], Ufury upon
ufury, and cheating upon cheating ; they refufe to
know me.
10. For the mountains will I take up aweepint
and wailing, and jor the habitations [Marg. paf
tures] oj ibe wildernejs, a lamentations becaufe they
are burnt up Jo that none can pafs.] i, Upon the
hills take up a mourning, and in the paths of
the wildernefs, a lamentation : for they are failed
fo that there are no men there.
25,26. I will punifh all them which are circum-
a fed with the uncircumcifed; Egypt, and Judah, and
Edom, and the children oj Ammon, and Moab, and
all that are in the utmofl corners, that dwell in the
wildernejs: jor all thefe nations are uncircumcifed),
and all the houfe of. IJrael are uncircumcifed in the
heart.] 6 and Vulg. I will vifit upon all them
that have their foreskin circumcifed ; upon Egypt,
and Judah, [4 is written Idumea, but lege Judah]
and Edom, and upon the children of Ammon, and
Moab, and upon all that are polled about their
face, that dwell in the wildernefs : for all the na
tions are uncircumcifed in flefh, and all the'houfe
of Ifrael are uncircumcifed in heart.
By Eng. one would think that the Egyptians,
Edomites, Ammonites, Moabites, and thofe in the
wildernefs, were uncircumcis'd ; by 4 and Vulg.
that they were circumcis'd. The Egyptians, by
the oldest account of them in profane hiftory, were
circumcis'd. The Edomites certainly were at firft,
but feem to have left it off: for the Jewijh kings
before Herod, conquer'd them, and compell'd
them to be circumcis'd [Jofephus, I. 13. c. 17.]
The Arabians in the wildernefs were circumcis'd the

j42 Critical Notes
Jeremiah. tn* && time we hear of them. See Jufiin Mar
tyr citing this place.
A character here given of the Arabians is men-
tion'd two or three times in this book, ch. xxv.
23. and ch. xlix. 32. but very varioufly tranfla
ted. Eng. calls them thoje in the utmofl corners. 6,
polled about their jace. Vulg. having their hair
polled. Trem. amputati latere ; by which one can
not guefs what he means: But he cites Herodotus
in Thalia, faying that the Arabians chofe to be
polled as Dionyflus [or, Bacchus] was ; and that
they cut the hair about their face into a round
form, which is beft exprefs'd by 4. Marg. is,
tut off into corners, or, having the corners oj their
hair polled.
XI. 4. Obey my voice, and do them according to
all which I command you.] 4, •¦ and do all the
things that I command you.
15. She hatb wrought lewdnejs with many? and
the holy flejh is paffed jrom thee: when thou doeft
evil, then thou rejoiceft.] 9, She hath wrought a-
bomination : fhall vows and holy flefh deliver thee
. from thy wickednefs ? or fhalt thou efcape by
them ? Vulg. — from thy wickednefs in which
thou haft boafted [or, rejoiced.]
19. Let us deftroy the tree with the jruit thereof,
and let us cut him off from the land of the living]
6, Come, let us caft wood [or, a tree] into his
bread [or, meat] and let us cut him off. Vulg.
is as 4. Marg. The ftalk with his bread. Caft.
Let us corrupt [or, deftroy] the tree with its meat.
Explication : they call the fruit of the tree, its
meat, Trem. Let us deftroy [or, famifh] him
with wood for his meat.
This is one of the texts which Juftin Martyr faid
the Jews of his time were about to expunge out of
their books, and had done it in fome, but not in all.
He. thinks it a prophecy of their cutting off the
Mefliah.

on the Old Testament. ^43
Mefliah. But as it ftands here, it feems to be a Jermiab.
confpiracy againft the life of Jeremiah himfelf.
See #¦ 21. and ch. xviii. 18,.
XII. 4. They faid, He [God] Jhall not fee our
la[l end.] 6, Shall not fee our ways.
5. How wilt thou do in the Jwelling of Jordan?]
6, c* Qfvdypoili t? "IopJk'mf, in the roaring of Jor
dan. Vulg. in Juperbid Jord.
There is the fame phrafe, (ppdypa r$ 'ia*J«W
at Zech. xi. 3. joined with <pov*7 uavopiivm Asoraw,
the roaring of lions. And in this book, ch. xlix.
19. and again, ch. 1. 44. He Jhall come up as a lion
from the Jwelling oj Jordan. But 6 has not Qavdy-
I*m there : but Vulg. at all the faid texts is, Juper-
bia Jordanis. It feems to be fome place nigh Jor
dan terrible for the frequency and roaring of li
ons. 9. Mine heritage is unto me as a Jpeckled bird.]
4, As the den of the hyena.
13. And tbey Jhall be ajhamed oj your revenues,
becaufe of the fierce anger of the Lord.] 4, Be ye
afhamed of your boafting and your reproaches
before the Lord.
XIII. 17. My foul- — mine eye.] 4, Your foul
— your eye. But Vulg. is as Heb.
25. This is thy lot, the portion of thy meajures
jrom me.] 4, ¦ of thy difobedience to me.
XIV. 1. Concerning the dearth.] 4, Concerning
fhe drought, dGe o%i'«?. So Vulg.
N. B. All the chapter fpeaks of drought.
6. The wild affes — Jnuffed up the wind like dra
gons — becauje there was no grajs.] 4 has nothing
of dragons : Nor does the fenfe feem to require it.
9. Why Jhouldft thou be as a man aftonied, as a
mighty man that cannot fave ? ] 4, — as a man
afleep, as a man that cannot fave?
17. Say this word unto them, Let mine eyes run
down with tears.] 4,—> <let your eyes—
XV. 8.

144 CRtTicAL Notes'
Jeremiah. XV. 8. / have brought upon them againft the mo
ther of the young men a fpoiler at noon- day : I have
caufed him to fall upon it fuddenly, and terrors upon
the city.] i, I have brought upon the mother
[her] young men a calamity at noon-day : I have
brought on her a hidden terror and a hurry. Trem.
I have brought upon the mother and her children
a calamity, &c.
'Tis moft probable that this was the original
reading ; and that the copulative particle [and]
was dropp'd by the fcribe in the old Heb. copy.
ii. The Lord faid, Verily it fliall be well with
thy remnant, verily I will caufe the enemy to intreat
thee well in the time oj evil, and in the time oj afflic
tion.] 5?rem. as Eng. or rather Eng. as Trem.
Vulg. The Lord faith, If thy remnant be not
for good, if I have not met thee in the time of
affliction, and in the time of tribulation againft
the enemy.
Caft. Verily, faid the Lord, it fhall be well
with thee in all refpects, fave that I fhall bring
upon thee an enemy in the time of evil, and in
the time of affliction.
4, May they, O Lord, have the punifhing of
me, if I did not come to thee in the time of their
calamity, and in the time of their affliction, for
their good againft the enemy. See f- before, and
ch. xviii. 20.
1 8. My wound is incurable, which refufeth to be
healed ? wilt thou be altogether to me as a liar, and
as waters that fail? ] 4 and Vulg. My ftroke is
defperate; how fhall it be cured? it is become to
me as deceitful water that cannot be trusted.
XVI. 7. Neither Jhall men tear \_themfelves] for
them in mourning to comfort them for the dead?] 9,
Neither fhall the mourning bread be broken for
them to comfort them for the dead. So

on the Old Testament. i4£
So Vulg. and fo Marg. and fo Dr.; Hammond \ Jeremiah
On Matt. ix. 23. So Trem. and Caft. and every
One. XVII. The four firft verfes ate wanting in 4.
The laft words of them are a repetition of what
was faid, ch. xv. 14.
8. Shall not flee when .heat cometh.] 9, Vulg;
&c. Shall not fear when heat cometh.
11. As the partridge fittelh on eggs, and hatch-
eth them not: Jo he that gettetb riches, &c] 4,
Vulg. Marg. The partridge calls, arid gathers to^
gcther [young] which fhe hatched not: he
that gets—
13. All that jorjake thee jhall be ajhamed, and
they that depart from me Jhall be written, &c] 4±
Vulg.  • and they that revolt from thee-  .
XVIII. 4. And the veffel that he made of clay
was marred in the hands of the potter.] 6, And
the veffel that he made with bis hands, fell down.
15. My people have forgotten me — from the an
cient paths, to walk in paths that are not caft up.]
4,—— from the ancient paths, to walk in ways
where there is no path to go. Vulg In itinere
non trito;
17. / will fc ¦ after thinias with an eaft wind?]
4, and Vulg. With a burning wind.
XX. 10. Report [fay they] and we will report
it?] 4i Rife up ; let us rife againft him.
XXI. 1 . The iioord which came to Jeremiah-. — «
when king Zedekiah fent unto him.] Thefe chap
ters and paffages of Jeremiah are not fet down
in the order of the times of them : for whereas
all the foregoing Were in the times of Jofiah and
Jehoiakim, and the chapter before was a pro
phecy in the 5th year of Jehoiakim, 4109. (as is
thought;) this chapter relates things Of the 10th
pf Zedekiah, 4x2.5. (the yeat before the city
Vol. II. „ L burnt)

*46 Critical Notes
Jeremiah, btirnt) and yet the next chapter to this, and the
following, go back again to the times of Jehoi
akim. XXI. 13. I am againft thee, oh inhabitant oj
the valley, and rock of the plain.] Trem.- thou
that ftandeft over the valley, thou rock of the
plain. Meaning Mount Sion.
XXII. 28. Is this man Coniah a defpifed broken
idol ? is he a veffel wherein, See] 6, Vulg. — —
veffel ? a veffel wherein is no, &c.
He is not in 6 or Vulg.. call'd an idol ; nor do
the epithets fit, but to a veffel.
30. Write ye this man childlefs, a man that Jhall
not projper — no man of bis Jeed jhall projper Jilting
on the throne of David, and ruling any more in Ju
dah?] 0, for childlefs, have izxr^vxjov. Aq. dvxu^tjlov.
Symm. nevov. Vulg. fierilem : a man noted or be-
fpoken, that he fhall not thrive. Which may
feem the truer, reading. He was not childlefs.
Fie had fons and grandfons mention'd 1 Chron. iii.
17, 18, 19. and Malth.i. But none that fuc-
ceeded him in his kingdom. In Chronicles, Je-
coniah has a fon AJfir, who had feven fons, She
altiel [or Salathiel] the eldeft ; and one of the
reft, Pedaiah: And Zorobabel, who brought
back the captives, was the fon of Pedaiah. So
that though Zorobabel be in Ezra and Matthew
call'd fon of Shealtiel, yet he feems only to be an
adopted fon. But ftill he was a grandfon of
Jeconiab. XXIII. 1. Woe be to the paftors that deftroy
and fe alter the Jheep.] By paftors here are un
derftood, kings; as appears by comparing f. 5.
5. I will raife unto David a righteous branch.]
4, AvdloKy,v $txt>ua.v.
16. Hearken not to the words of the prophets—-
they make you vain: they Jpeak a vifion oj their
own

on the Old Testament. 147
own heart.] 4,—* they vainly fancy to themfeives Jeremiah,
a vifion: they fpeak out of their own heart.
XXIII. 31. Behold, I am againft. the prophets,
Jaith the Lord, that ufe their tongues, and fay, He
faith.] 6, • that make prophecies of the
tongue, and nod out their own dotages. Marg.
Smooth their tongues.
3^. When this people— Jhall ask thee, What is
the burden oj the Lord ? thou Jhalt Jay to them,
What burden? I will even jor Jake you, Jaith the
Lord.] 4, ¦ • thou fhalt fay to them, You
are the burden : and I will break you to pieces,
faith, fcrV.
XXV. 13. And I will bring upon that land all
my words which I have pronounced againft it, even
all that is written in this book , which Jeremiah
hath prophefied againft all the nations. ] Vulg- • •
All that is written in this book, all the things,
which Jeremiah hath prophefied againft all the
nations. 4,  all that is written in this book. [Here
the fenfe ends in 4, and there follows the title
of another paragraph. ] THE THINGS
WHICH JEREMIAH PROPHESIED
AGAINST THE NATIONS OF EL AM:
And fo begins that prophecy againft Elam,
which in Heb. comes at ch. xlix. 34.
There has been an alteration made of placing
the prophecies, either in 6, or elfe in the prefent
Heb. The laft words here in Heb. are very like
the title of the new chapter or paragraph in 4.
This book was written by Jeremy this fame
year, the 4th of Jehoiakim. See ch. xxxvi. 1, 2. .
16. And they Jhall drink, and be moved, and be
mad.] 9, Drink, and vomit, and be mad. And
fo Heb. at f 27.
34. The days oj your fiaugbter — are accomplijh-
edt and you Jhall Jail like a pleafant veffel-] 4,
L 2 »—— and

148 Critical Notes
Jeremiah  and you fhall fall [or, be killed] as rams
that are fat, atmo 9% xp!oi ot kA«c7oi'. See the
whole verfe, and the next!
XXVI. 18. Micah the Morajhite prophefied in
the days of Hezekiah, Szc] Above at Micah iii.
12. were the very words. Here appears the in
convenience of fetting Micah's book (which was
an hundred years before) after this.
XXVII. 1. In the beginning oj the reign oj Je
hoiakim — came this word to Jeremiah.] 4 have
not this verfe. Afid indeed it is difficult to main
tain the genuinenefs of it : For by the words of
the prophecy it felf, f 3. it appears that they
were fpoken in the time of Zedekiah eleven or
twelve years after the beginning of Jehoiakim.
It could never be, that a word fhould come in
the beginning of Jehoiakim, bidding the pro
phet fend yokes to the foreign kings by their
ambaffadors that came to king Zedekiah, who
was not king till a long time after; nor was
then likely ever to be king, for Jehoiakim had
a fon who fucceeded him : And Jeremy at $- 20.
mentions him as now in captivity.
The author of the chronology in the margin
of the Englijh bible was aware of this: and,
therefore, though the text be, the beginning of
Jehoiakim, yet he fets to it the year before Chrift
598. year of J. P. 41 16. which is the begin
ning, not of Jehoiakim, but of Zedekiah. And
there is little doubt but that the old Heb. if it had
this verfe at all, had Zedekiah. And this iscon-
firm'd by the firft verfe of the next chapter;
And it came to pafs in the fame year, in the be
ginning of the reign of Zedekiah.
The miftake of the Heb. fcribe (if it be one)
was before St. Hierom's time, or elfe Vulg. has
been alter'd : for it is as Eng. Trem. cures all
by

on the Old Testament, 149
by fuppofing that God at the beginning of Je- Jeremiah,
hoiakim, reveal'd to Jeremy what fhould be pro
per to be done when Zedekiah fhould come to be
king. Comp. is fill'd up out of Heb. or Vulg.
XXVII. 18. This verfe, and the four follow
ing to the end of the chapter, are in 4 cut off in
the middle: Three or four words of each verfe
remain ; the reft gone. They feem taken out
of fome copy which had one fide of the page
top, blotted, or defac'd. There are more fuch
: places in 4 (and fome, I think, in Heb. which
are more complete in 4.) The like is in ^ atch.
xxix. at fs 14, 15. and following.
XXVIII. 1. And it came to pafs the fame year
in the beginning oj the reign oj Zedekiah. [ 4, And
it came to pafs in the fourth year of Zedekiah.
• XXXI. 8. I will gather them jrom the coafls oj
the earth, and with them the blind, and the lame,
the woman with child, and her that travaileth with
child together ; a great company Jhall return thi
ther.] 4, • from the utmoft parts of the
earth in the feaft of the paflbver : and they fha.ll
beget a great. number of children, and fhall re*
turn hither.
9. They Jhall come with weeping, and with Jup-
plications will 1 lead them.] Marg. With fa-*
vours. 4, They went out with weeping ; but
in comfort will I bring them back.
12. They Jhall flow together to the goodnejs oj
the Lord, jor wheat, &c. — and their Joul Jhall be
as a watered garden ; and they Jhall not Jorrow
any more at all,] 6, They fhall come to the
good things of the Lord, wheat, &c. — and they
fhall be as a tree full of fruit, and fliall not hunger
any more at all.
. 22. How long wilt thou go about, oh thou back-
ftiding daughter? jor the Lord hath created a new
L 3 thing

150 Critical Notes
Jeremiah, thing in the earth, A woman Jhall compajs a man.]
fulg.  Fcemina circundabit virum.
Caft. and Trem.  A woman courts [or,
will court] a man.
4, How long wilt thou turn away, oh thou
difgraced daughter ? for the Lord hath created
falvation for a new plantation : men fhall go
about in falvation.
XXXI. 32. Which my covenant they broke, al
though I was an husband to them, Jaith the Lord.]
0, — and I regarded them not, faith the Lord.
Vulg.  and I had the rule over them,
faith the Lord.
Marg. Eng. following Trem. • " ¦ fhould I
have continued a husband to them ? faith, &c.
St. Paul, Heb. viii. 8. as 4. which agrees with
the fenfe of the place. And it feems the word
in Heb. I ruled over them, differs but little in
fpelling from the word that would fignify, 1
dijregarded them ; and may eafily have been mif-
taken by a Hebrew fcribe.
38. The city Jhall be built to the Lord from the
tower oj Hananeel unto the gate oj the corner.] The
tower of Hananeel was in the wall in the north-
eaft corner of the city, northwaid from the
fheep-gate, Nehem. iii. 1. The gate of the cor
ner was fouthward from the fheep-gate, ibid. 31,
32. Jehoafh in Amazia's time, 2 Kings xiv. 13.
broke down the wall from the gate of Ephraim
to the corner-gate. Perhaps that was not rebuilt.
39. The meajuring-line Jhall go jorth->-upon the
hill Gareb, and compajs about to Goath.] Thefe
hills were without the wall of Jerujalem on the
weft fide. Goath is nigh mount Calvary where
Christ was crucified, and where he was buried.
The prophecy, that they fhould be taken into
the city, whether it was fulfill'd in the time of
the
1

en the Old Testament. 151
the Maccabees, I know not: But they are now Jeremiah.
within Adrian's wall, and do make the chief
part of the city. In the next verfe, the valley
fpoken of, is eaft of the city, between it and
mount Olivet, in which Tophet with its dead bo
dies, afhes, &c. was : And the corner-gate, or
horfe-gate, was the way out of Jerujalem to it.
Whether this was ever taken into the city, I
know not. But the greater queftion is, How it
is to be underftood, what is faid in the laft
words ; that Jerujalem fo rebuilt, fhould never
be plucked up, nor thrown down any more jor ever.
XXXII. [6, XXXIX.] 5. He Jhall lead Zede
kiah to Babylon, and there Jhall he be until I vifit
him, jaith the Lard.] 4 Vat. And Zedekiah fhall
enter into Babylon, and there he fhall abide. 0
Alex, and Aid.  and there he fhall die.
No edition of 4, but Comp. has thofe latter
words' [till I vifit him] nor did God, as is any
where faid, vifit him.
18, 19. The great, the mighty God, the Lord oj
hofts is his name, Great in counfel, and mighty in
work, Sec] 4, The great, the mighty God,
the Lord of great counfel, mighty in work.
The epithets in 4 are very like thofe in Ifaiah
ix. 6. The angel of great counfel.
20. Signs and wonders in the land of Egypt ¦¦¦¦¦
and in Ifrael, and amongft [other] men.] Caft.
and Trem. as Eng. Vulg. — >& in Ifrael, & in ho-
minibus. 4,—— tL bt *I<rf#)jA, itj bv Toif yviyifun-
Which what it means, I know not ; unlefs, both
in Ifrael, and amongft the natives.
• 25. And thou haft Jaid to me, O Lord God,
Buy the field jor money, and take witneffes : for
the city is given into the hand of the Chaldeans.]
tit **> Buy the field for money : and I have made
L 4. a wri-

i£2 Critical Notes
Jeremiah, a writing, and have fealed it, and taken witneffes :
and now the city is given into the hands of the Chal
deans.] There feem thofe words wanting in Heb.
XXXII. 39. And I will give them one heart, and
oneway?] 0,— another way, and another heart.
XXXIII. [4, XL.] 2. Thus faith the Lord, the
maker thereof, the Lord that formed it.] 4,- .•
the Lord that made the earth, and formed it.
In Heb. [thereof] and [it] have no antece
dent. The word [earth] feems to have been
dropp'd by the fcribe.
4. Concerning the houfes of this city, and the hoit-
Jes of the kings of Judah, which are thrown down
' by the mounts, and by the fword.] 4, Which are
pulled dovyn to make mounts and baftions. Vulg.
Fortifications, and the fword.
Houfes do not ufe to be thrown down by
mounts, nor by fwords.
15. In thofe days, and at that time will I caufe
the branch, Sec] This, and all that follows to
the end of the chapter, is wanting in 4: (only
Comp. indeed has it, and Theodoret ; taken pro
bably from Aq. or fome of the three.) Some
parts of it are fayings or prophecies much to
the fame purpofe as fome nigh the end of ch.
xxxi. and fome at ch. xxiii. 5. fome that are no
where but here, as I remember. That David
fhould never want a man on the throne of Ifrael,
is faid at other places. But here it is added,
that the priefts, the Levites, fhould never want
a man to offer burnt-offerings, and to kindle
meat-offerings (fo Eng. is) and to do facrifice
continually. Vulg. is, Qui offerat holocauto-
mata, & incendat facrificium, & casdat victimas.
Trem. for [kindle meat-offering] adolens munus.
Caft. Fertp fuffiat. Theod. and Comp. B-^u,m £u-
m. Meat-offerings v?ere not. ufually kindled.
XXXIV.

on the Old Testament. 153
XXXIV. [4, XLL] 5. /PfrA the burnings oj Jermiab.
thy fathers —fo jhall they burn [odours] jor thee.]
6, As they lamented thy fathers — fo fhall they
lament thee.
4 has nothing of burning. Eng. puts in
odours. Vulg is worfe : comburent te.
14. At the end of feven years.] 4, At the end
pf fix years. ,
See the following words, and Exod. xxi. 2.
XXXV. [4, XLII.] 1. The word which came
to Jeremiah — in the days of Jehoiakim.] Here,
both in Heb. and 4, after feveral paffages in the
latter years of Zedekiah, the hiftory or recital of
the prophecies goes back 16 or 17 years, to re-
hearfe paffages that had been about the 4th of
Jehoiakim. 6. Jonadab the fon of Recbab our father com
manded us, Sec] He liv'd in the time of Jehu,
277 years before: and they yet obferv'd his com
mand. XXXVI. 5. I am fhut up: I cannot go into the
houfe of the Lord.] He does not feem to be im-
prifon'd, (perhaps forbid the temple) becaufe
the next year, f 26. the king would have taken
him: but he was hid; or perhaps he was now
in prifon, and quickly releas'd. 4 is, iyu cpu-
*.dos9[*xi. Vulg. Claufusfum. Trem. Detentus.
XXXVII. [4, XLIV.] 1. And king Zedekiah
the fon of Jofiah reigned, Sec] Here the hiftory
of the prophecies goes again forward to Zedekiah's
time, and returns no more back to Jeboiakim's
time, but proceeds to the time of the captivity.
XXXVIII. [4, XLV.] 17. If thou wilt go
forth to the king of Babylon — this city Jhall not be
burnt with fire , and thou jhalt live, and thine
houfe.] It feems that the threatnings before of
the city to be burnt, were not meant fo pofi-
~\" Lively,

154 Critical Notes
Jeremiah, iively, but that if Zedekiah would have obey'd
now at laft, it might have been fpar'd.
XXXIX. [o, XLVI.] 4. They fled, and went
jorth out oj the city by night, Sec] This verfe
and nine following to f 14. are omitted in 6.
They are moftly the fame as 2 Kings xxv. only
there is in Kings no particular account of what
was done with Jeremiah.
XLI. [0, XLVIII.] 5. There came certain jrom
Shechem— -and jrom Samaria, even jourjcore men,
with their beards Jhaven, and clothes rent — with
offerings — to the houfe oj the Lord.] This muft
be a houfe at Mizpah, which they had fet apart
for the prefent occafion. Thefe were, it feems,
fome godly Jews at this time at Samaria.
6. fjhmael— -went Jor tb to meet them, weeping
all along as he went?] 4,  .-and they wept as
they came along.
XLII. [4, XLIX.] 10. For I repent me oj the
evil which I have done unto you. ] «, I am ap
pealed for [or, I have ceafed from] the evils.
dvATCi-TTAMfAOit dltl.
17. All the men that Jet their jaces to go into
Egypt to Jojourn there, Jhall die by the Jword, and
by the jamine, and by the peftilence.] 4, All the
men, and all men of other countries, that fet
their faces — ¦  fhall die by fword, and famine.
4 has no threatning of peftilence to Egypt here,
nor at two following places, $-22. and ch. xliv.
13. where the fame threatning is repeated.
XLIII. [6, L.] 12. i" will kindle a fire in the
houjes oj the gods oj Egypt.] Of the Elohim of
Egypt. XLIV. [4, LI.] 30. Behold I will give Pharaoh-
hophra king oj Egypt into the band oj his enemies.]
e,— — -tov Ov#<p£tji @#$iAioi'Aiyv7t7is <; ,
This

on the Old Testament. ICC
This is he whom Herodotus calls Apries, and Jeremiah*
Eujebius, Vapbres. His people, and his own fon
Amafis rebelled againft him ; and Nebuchadnez
zar came and ravag'd the whole country. It is
very remarkable, that at this fame time that Je
remiah in Egypt prophefied this, Ezekiel in Baby
lonia, being then among the captive Jews there,
prophefied the fame thing, ch. xxxii. n. and
through all that chapter. It was at the fame
time : for Ezekiel fays, it was the twelfth year of
Jeconiah's captivity, in the twelfth month : and
(by Jeremy's account here it muft be about a year
or fomething more after the captivity of Zedekiah,
who had reign'd after Jeconiah's captivity 1 1 years.
XLVI. [i, XXVI.] i. The word oj the Lord
which came to Jeremiah the prophet, againft the
Gentiles?] 4 place this and the five next chap
ters in the middle of the book, after chap. xxv.
where had been fpoken of the paffages 4/0 Je
hoiakim. And indeed this firft prophecy againft
Egypt was fpoken then, or before that time, as
is plain, f 2. The next prophecy againft Egypt,
beginning at f 13. was fulfill'd 36 years after,
when Jeremy probably was dead.
2. Againft the army oj. Pharaoh-necbo king of
Egypt.] He was the predeceffor of Pharaoh-who-
' jhra, mention'd, ch. xliv.
9. The Ethiopians, and the Libyans that handle
the Jhield, and the Lydians, that handle and bend
the bow.] 4, The Ethiopians, and the Libyans
[A/Sue?]-- and Au'<fcu.
The original names are Chujh, and Put — —
and Ludim. Geographers fay that the firft and the
laft are wrong tranflated in Eng. Chujh /here
and every where j fhould be Arabians. Lud and
Ludim fhould be Ethiopians, above Egypt ; as Bo-
ebart has made plain. They are characteriz'd here

J56 Critical Notes
Jeremiah -here and Ifaiah lxvi. 19. as famous for bending
the bow ; and fo they are in Herodotus.
XLVI. [4, XXVI.] 12. The nations have heard
oj thy Jhame.] 0, Have heard thy voice.
15. Why are thy valiant men Jwept away? They
ftood not, becauje the Lord did drive them.] 4,
Why has Apis forfaken thee ? thy choice calf has
not flood by thee. The Lord did drive him.
1 6. He made many to jail, yea, one jell upon
another ; and they Jaid, Arife, let, Sec] Marg.
Multiplied the fall. 4, Thy multitude is weak
ened, and is fallen : they faid one to another,
Arife. Ibid. From the opprejfmg fword.] 4, From
the Grecian fword. Vulg. From the face of the
fword of the dove.
22. The voice thereof fhall go like a ferpent: for
they Jhall march with an army, and come againft
her with axes, as hewers oj wood.] 4, Their
voice fhall be like that of a ferpent hiffingj they
fhall march on the fand ; they fhall come upon
her with axes, i£c.
25. / will punijh the multitude of No, and Pha
raoh, Sec] 4, I will revenge Amon ber fon up
on Pharaoh. Vulg. I will vifit upon the tumult
of Alexandria, and upon Pharaoh. Caft. I will
animadvert upon the Minoanon company, upon
Pharaoh. Trem. I will animadvert upon the
nourifher of No, that is, upon Pharaoh, Sec.
Trem.'s Annot.— i. e. Alexandria, the mother and
nurfe of all Egypt. Ar. Mont. — vifiting upon
Amon of No, and upon Pharaoh.
See on Nahum 'iii. 8. It is difficult to know
what city this Amon No, or No Anon was; or
whether it were any city, or name of a place,
at all. Vulg. make it to be Alexandria: Others,
Diofpolis..
XLVII.

on the Old Testament. 157
XLVII, [4, XXIX.] 5. Askelon is cut off with Jeremab.
the remnant of their valley.] 6, • — •• ¦ with the
remnant of the Anakims.
5, 6. How long wilt thou cut thy felf? Oh thou
fword of the Lord, how long [will it be] ere thou be
quiet?] 4, How long wilt thou flafh, Oh fword
of the Lord ? how long ere thou be quiet ? Vulg.
Quoufque concidetis, &V. None flile it [cue
thy felf] but Eng.
XLVIII. [^,XXXI.] 2. No more praife of Mo
ab: in Hefhbon they have devifed evil againft it.]
4, There is no healing for Moab, nor triumphing
for Hefhbon : they have, &c.
4. Moab is deftroyed, her little ones have caujed
a cry to be heard.] Vulg—— declare ye a cry to
her little ones. 4, ¦ declare ye it in Zoar.
Zoar fignifies little: But<? take it for the name
of a place. See f 34.
5. For in the going up oj Luhitb continual weep
ing Jhall go up ; jor in the going down oj Horonaim
the enemies have heard a cry oj deftrutlion.] 4,
For Aloth is full of weeping: he fhall go up
weeping by the way of Horonaim.
12. / will Jend to him wanderers that Jhall cauje
him to wander, and Jhall empty his vejfels.] 4,—
tappers that fhall tap him, and empty his vef-
fels. N. B. It had been faid, verfe before, that
Moab was fettled on his lees, as a veffel that had
never been drawn off: Therefore God will fend
(as 4 has it) xAi'vov7«y (as Vulg. is) fternentes la-
gunculas, ftoupers that fhall ftoup him, or tap
pers that fhall tap him, and empty his veflels.
Either of thefe fenfes is intelligible, when we
fpeak of a wine veffel : but how the word wan
derers fits to it, I fee not.
XLVIII. 18.

i?8 Critical Notes
Jeremiah. XLVIII. 1 8. Come down jrom thy glory, and
Jit in fhirft.] 6,  and fit in the dirt.
34. From Zoar even unto Horonaim, [as] an
he jer of three years old.] See on Ifaiah xv. 5.
40. From this place to the end of the chap
ter, 4 has of fome of the verfes but half the
words, and of fome nothing at all. It muft
have been taken from a copy that was torn, or
blotted, &V. Part of f 45, and f 46. have
fentences very like thofe which Mofes, Numb.
xxi. 28. cites as old proverbial fayings.
XLIX. [0, XXX.] 1. Concerning the Ammo-
Tiites — why does their king inherit Gad?] 0',—
why then does Melchol inherit Gilead ?
Gilead in 4, inftead of Gad in Heb. feems a
true reading.
2. Her daughters Jhall be burnt with fire.] 4,
Her altars fhall, &c.
3. Their king Jhall go into captivity, and his
priefts and his princes together.] 9, Melchol [Alex.
Milechom] fhall go into captivity, and his
priefts, i£c.
18. No man Jhall abide there, Sec] See on
Obadiah, the preface.
19. Like a lion jrom the Jwelling oj Jordan.]
See on chap. xii. 5. and chap. 1. 44. and Zech.
xi. 3.
23. They are jaint-hearted, there is Jorrow on
the Jea, it cannot be quiet.] 4, They are ama
zed, they are enraged, they cannot be quiet.
L. [4, XXVII.] 5. [Saying,] Come, and let
us join our Jelves to the Lord, in a perpetual co
venant [that] Jhall not be jorgottenf] The tranfla
tors here put in the word [faying,] and the word
[that.] But, without them, 4 is, They fhall
come and fly to the Lord their God : for the
everlafting

on the 0 l d T e s tame n r. 155
everlafting covenant fhall not be forgot. See Jeremi*b*
the verfe before.
L. 7. Their adverjaries Jaid, We offend not,
becauje they have finned againft the Lord.] 4,—>
Let us give them no refpite.
All the copies of 4 have, p} «vw^. «a?TbV. But
Comp. X fA.lXVup.iV.
11. Becaufe you are grown jat as an heifer at
grafs, you bellow as bulls.] 6, Becaufe you skip
ped about as young cattle. ; you gored them as
bulls. 12. Behold, the hinder moft of the nations fhall
be a wildernefs, a dry land, a defert.] 4, She
fhall be the, hindermoft of the nations, a wil
dernefs, cjtV.
15. Shout againft her round about: Jhe has given
ber hand, Set.] 4, Overpower her: her hands
are enfeebled, &c.
1 6. For jear of the oppr effing fword, they fhall
turn every one to his people, Sec?] This fentence
v is, juft like that, ch. xlvi. 16. And the fame
differences in 6, and Vulg. and Eng.
4, For fear of the Grecian fword. Vulg. For
fear of the fword of the dove.
25. The Lord hath opened his armoury < -for
this is the work of the Lord in the land of the Chal
deans.] 6,  for the Lord hath a work to
do in the land of the Chaldeans.
16. Open her ftore-boufes: eaft her up as heaps:
deftroy her utterly.] 4, Open her chefts : fearch
her as you would a cave : deftroy her utterly.
• 36. A fword is upon the. liars, and they Jhall
dole..] 4, Upon her warriours» and they fhall
be enfeebled.
39, 40. It Jhall be no more inhabited. Jar ever--
no Jon, oj man Jhall dwell there,] This does not
feem to have been fulfill'd upon Cyrus's- taking it,

160 Critical Notes'
Jeremiah-it, nor upon Alexander's taking it. It continued,
for what we read, a great city. But in the Par-
thian times it fell to fuch decay, that Pliny fays,
the place of it was hardly known.
44. Behold, he Jhall come up like a lion jrom the
Jwelling oj Jordan to the habitation oj the ftrong, Sec]
This feems to be a proverbial denunciation of a
threatning from God's power. The fame was
ufed againft Edom, ch. xlix. 19. But in 4 what
is there for habitation oj the ftrong, toVov Afldpt,
is here, Toti&dv.
45. The leaft of the, flock Jhall dravj them put:
furely he Jhall make their habitation dejolate with
them.] 4, The lambs of their flock fhall be dif-
perfed : their pallor fhall be taken from them. -
LI. [4, XXVIII.] 1. Againft Babylon, and a-
gainft them that dwell in the midft oj them that rife
up againft me.] 4, Againft Babylon, and againft
the Chaldeans that inhabit it.
3. Againft him that bendeth let the archer bend
his bow, and againft him that lijteth himjelj up in
his brigandine.] 4, Let the archer bend his bow^
and he that has a brigandine, let him put it on.
In thefe fentences the Heb. fcribe feems to have
wrote the word [againft] too often. Vulg. puts
a negative into the fentence, Let the archer not
bend, &c.
10. The Lord bath brought forth our rigbteouj-
nejs.] 6, Hath brought his judgment.
1 1 . Make bright the arrows : gather the fhieldsf]
4, Make ready the arrows : fill the quivers full.
19. The portion of Jacob is not like them: for
he [is] the former of all things, and [Ifrael is] the
rod of his inheritance.] 4,  for he that form
ed all things is his inheritance.
23. Captains and rulers. ] 6, Captains and
their foldiers. So, £ 28. for rulers, 4 reads fol-
diers. LI. 27.

c» /& Old Testament. 161
LI. 27. Call together againfi her the kingdoms of Jeremiah.
Ararat, Minni, and Afhchenaz.] Thefe are fup
pos'd to be the kingdoms that Cyrus had before
he conquer'd Babylon, Armenia Major, and Mi
nor, and Afia Minor.
39. In their heat I will make their feaft s, and
will make them drunk, that they may rejoice, ¦ and
fleep a perpetual fleep. ] ' 4, In their heat I will
give them a drink, and make them drunk, that
they fhall be ftupified [I'm %<x,^mi, that they
fhall have a carus] and fleep a perpetual fleep. .
55. The Lord hath Jpoiled Babylon, and de
ftroyed out oj her the great voice, when her waves
do roar like great waters, a noife of their voice is
uttered.] 4, —and deftroyed [or, extinguifhed]
out of her the great noife founding like many
waters: he has made an end of the noife.
59. Seraiah—wben be went with Zedekiah into
Babylon— and this Seraiah was a quiet prince.] c,
Seraiah — when- he went by Zedekiah' s order to
Babylon — and this Seraiah was dt>%av fdpuv,
governor of the gifts. Vulg. Princeps prophetias.
Marg. Eng. Chief chamberlain.
64. Thus far are the words of Jeremiah.] This
claufe is not in 4, nor could be thereat this place.
For in 4 this prophecy againft Babylon is in the
, middle of the book, ch. xxvii. and xxviii. And
it is plain that it was utter'd by Jeremiah before
the fourth year of Zedekiah: For in that year a
copy of it was given to Seraiah to be thrown in
to Euphrates, as is here faid, f 59, 60. It is not
in 4 as it is in Heb. fet the laft of the feveral
prophecies againft the nations ; but after the pro
phecy againft Egypt, and before that againft the
Philiftines. LII. This chapter feems to have been written,
not by Jeremiah himfelf; , but to have been ad-
Vol. II. M ded

162 Critical Notes
Jeremiah, ded to his book from the latter end of the fecond
book of Kings, beginning at f 18. of chap. xxiv.
and continued to the end of that book of Kings ;
which reaches to times farther than Jeremy liv'd
to, viz. 37 years after Jehoiachin's captivity.
But there are fome few alterations from the words
of that chapter in the book of Kings.
LII. 4. In the ninth year oj his reign, the tenth
month, the tenth day oj the month.] Here are mif-
takes in the fcribes of 6: For 4 Vat. is the ninth
day of the month. 6 Alex, the feventh.
7. The men oj war fled — by the way oj the gate
between the two walls.] 4, — — between the wall
and the vanmure, or outer wall.
12. Now in the fljlb month, the tenth day of
the month  came Nebuzaradan — and burnt.]
In 2 Kings xxv. 8. it is the feventh day of the
month. Ufher thinks he came on the feventh,
and fet fire on the tenth. Lydiat thinks he fet
fire on the feventh, but all not burnt down till
the tenth. Perhaps it may be a miftake of the
fcribe in one or other of the books. /
15. Nebuzaradan — carried away captive [cer
tain] of the poor of the people, and the refidue oj
the people thatiremained in the city.] 2 Kings xxv.
1-1 . Now the reft of the people that remained
in the city-  Nebuzaradan carried away.
The words [of the poor of the people] feem
by miftake of fcribes to have flipp'd out of the
following verfe into this.
20. The two pillars, one jea, and twelve hrajen
bulls that were under the bafes, which king Solo
mon.] 4,  — that were [or, had been] under
the fea — . 2 Kings xxv. 16. The two pillars, one
fea, and the bafes which Solomon, Sec.
Both Heb. and 4, do put in here the twelve
brafen bulls, which are not mention'd in the pa-
2 raUel

w<fe Old Testament. 163
rallel place of Kings. Heb. puts them under thejtremiah.
bafes. 4, Under the fea. They never had been
under the bafes ; nor were they at this time, I
fuppofe, under the fea : for Ahaz had taken the
fea from off them, and fet it on a pavement of
ftone, 2 Kings xvi . 17. What one would guefs
to be the true reading here, is, The two pillars,
one fea, aid twelve brazen bulls that [had been]
under the fea, and the bafes, GrV. Vulg. is as
Heb. LII. 21,22. Ihe height of one pillar was eighteen
cubits  height of one chapiter five cubits.] 0',— *
was thirty-five cubits  five cubits.
Here, for the height of the pillars, Heb. a-
grees with 1 Kings vii. 15. and 2 Kings xxv. 17.
For in thofe places both Heb. and 4 fay, the pil
lars-were eighteen cubits high. But 6 agrees
with 2 Chron. iii. 15. for there both Heb. and 6
fay, they were thirty-five cubits high. The
height of the chapiters in 1 Kings vii. 16. fivej
in 2 Kings xxv. 17. three; in Chronicles, five.
Trem. reconciles the height of the chapiters
by obferving that the lily-work of the chapiter
was four cubits, 1 Kings vii. 19. So he divides
the chapiter into three parts con filling of three
forts of work; two of which made three cubits :
the whole chapiter, five.
For the height of the pillars, he thinks each
was eighteen cubits: but in Chronicles they are
faid to be thirty-five cubits high, becaufe both
heights added make thirty-fix. Abate one cu
bit for the bafe of each: Remains, thirty-five.
My opinion is, that there muft be allow'd in
fome places, graphical errata of the fcribes, efpe
cially in Chronicles, and in the tranflation of 0:,
And that that is the cafe of all books in the
world, that are of any antiquity.
M 2 LII. 23.

164 Critical Notes
Jeremiah. LII. 23. There were ninety and fix pomegranates
on a fide ; all the pomegranates on the net-work, an
hundred.] In 1 Kings vii. 20. there are mention'd
pomegranates, two hundred. In 2 Chron. iii. 16.
an hundred. In the next chap. ^13. four hun
dred.' The computations by which all thefe
numbers are explain'd, are too long to fet down
here. At f 21. it had been faid, that the girt
of each pillar was twelve cubits: and at f 22,
6 had added (but it is not in Heb.) that there
were eight pomegranates in every cubit jor the twelve
cubits. That will make (as 'tis here) ninety-fix
for the twelve cubits. Four muft be fuppos'd
on the corners : That makes an hundred. Now
if there were four fides of each chapiter, and
each twelve cubits broad ; there would be in
all four hundred. But there are different render
ings of that number ip 2 Chron. iv. 13. Eng. is
four hundred ; and. fo is Caft. But Trem. fay's,
forty. And Ar. Mont, forty. Vulg in the text,
four hundred ; in a marginal reference, forty.
6, in all its editions, four hundred. So great
uncertainty is in numerical words.
25. And Jeven men oj them that were nigh the
king's per Jon.] 2 Kings xxv. 19-. Five men, &V.
28, 29, 30. This is the people whom Nebuchad-
¦ Tiezzar carried away captive, Sec] Thefe three
verfes are not in 0 ; nor are they in 2 Kings xxv.
from whence the reft of this chapter is taken.
They contain dates of years, and numbers of
men, very difficult to be accounted for.

carried

on the Old Testament. 165
q f In the 7 th year (this muft be that Jeremiah-
year which 2 Kings xxiv. 12. is called
his 8th year, when Jehpiachin was car
ried captive) there were carried away,

?Si

a, CS
u

as
o

r as here, —  3,023
t at 2 Kings xxiv. — —  10,000
more -   , 7,000
In the 1 8th year (this muft be that
which a little before, at f 12. was cal
led the 19th, when Zedekiah was car
ried captive)   832
In the 23d year (which muft be 4
or 5 years after Jerujalem was deftroy
ed — —   . 745
All that are numbered here, make to
gether   T — 4,600
Whereas in Kings there were carried at
the firft captivity — — — 17,000
Bp. UJher thinks this twenty-third year of Ne-
bucbadnezzar to be one of the years that he lay
before Tyre'. But Judea then lay defolate : thofe
that the Chaldeans had left, were, moft of them,
fled to Egypt. Jojephus thinks that on this year
(which was five years after the burning of Jeru
jalem) Nebuchadnezzar invaded the Ammonites,
Moabites, Sec. and conquer'd Egypt. But that
cannot be: For thirteen years in the fiege of
Tyre were before the conqueft of Egypt.
The number in Jofephus [in my edition] is,
10,832. at the time when Jehoiachin was carried
captive. And he had faid in the chapter before
[/. 10. c. 7.] at the time when he flew Jehoiakim,
and caufed his body to be caft from the top of
the walls, without any burial (which was but
three months before) that he then carried cap
tive 3000. This account of Jofephus does best
explain what is faid in 2 Kings xxv. and what is
M 3 fa'd

166 Critical Notes
Jeremiah, faid here, viz. that in his 7th' year, when, he
pur Jehoiakim to" death, and fet up his fon Je
hoiachin, he carried 3000, and when he fetch'd
away Jehoiachin^ (at which time perhaps his 8 th
year was begun) he carried 17 or 18 thoufand.
* Lamentations.
THERE is in 4 a. preface to this book, s
which is not in Heb.
4, And it came to pajs ajter that IJrael was. car
ried captive, arid Jerujalem laid wafie; Jeremiah
Jate weeping, and made this lamentation over Jeru
jalem, and Jaid, &c.
The compofition of this mournful fong is al
phabetical, i. e. The firft claufe in each of the
four firft chapters begins with aleph in Heb. The
next with be-tb, Sec. fo that each of thofe chap
ters, as alfo the laft, has twenty-two claufes ; but
in chap. iii. the tranflators have divided each
claufe into two or three verfes. Some have
thought that the king whofe lofs is here bewail
ed, was- Zedekiah: But the author of the book
of Chronicles understands it of Jofiah. See 2 Chron.
xxxv. 25, 26, 27.

Lamenta tions.

I. 7. The adverjaries Jaw her, and did mock at her
Jabbaths.] 6, At her captivity.
9. She remembreth not her laft end.] 4, Vulg.
lie. She remembred not, &c.
14. The Lord hath delivered me into [their]
bands, [from whom] I am not able to rife up.]-. ' 4,
The Lord hath given me pain in my hands: I
am not able to ftand.
20. My heart is turned within me ; for 1 have
grievoufty rebelled.] 4, Vulg.—. mev I am in
grievous ¦ bitternefs. . >•-¦ * ¦
'¦M'^-- . I. 21.

op the Old Testament. 167
T. 21. They have heard that I flgh,] 4, Hear Lamenta-
me, how I figh. ''""'•
If 1 . How bath the Lord covered the daughter
oj Sion with a cloud in bis anger!] 4, What a
darknefs the Lord hath brought on the daughter
of Sion in his anger !
3. He hath drawn back his right hand jrom be
jore the enemy.] 4, He hath turned back his [ff-
rael's] right hand from before the enemy.
6. He hath violently taken away his tabernacle,
as [if it were] a garden.] 9, He hath torn up
his tabernacle, as a vine [rooted up.]
11. My liver is poured upon the earth.] 4, My
glory is thrown down upon the ground.
13. Thy breach is great like the fea.] 4, The
cup of thy affliction is made very large.
20. Shall the women eat their fruit, and chil
dren of. a fpan long ? ] 0', Shall women eat the
fruit of their own womb ? fhall the cook make
a hafh of them ? fhall infants that fuck thebreafts
be murdered ?
III. 16. He hath covered me with afhes.] 0,
Fed me with afhes.
2 1 . This I call to mind, therefore have I hope.]
9, Therefore will I wait patiently.
IV. 16. The anger of the Lord hath divided ihem :
He will no more regard them?] Marg. and Vulg.
The face of the Lord hath divided, &c. 4, The
face of the Lord, . which was their portion, will
no more regard them.
V. 4, 5. Our wood is fold unto us. Our necks are
under perfecution, &c] 0', Our wood is fetched
on our necks [or, fhoulders] for a price. We
are under .1 . Marg. — on our necks are we
perfecuted.

M 4 Ezekiel.

168 Gritical Notes
Ezekiel.
Szekiel. TfZekiel was a prieft as Jeremiah was ; and as
*-* Jeremy did the office of a prophet in the land
of Judea, He did the fame office to thofe that
were now captives in Babylonia. He was one of
thofe that were carried captive with Jeconiab,
ann. 41 15. Daniel had been carried captive fe-
ven years before, in the time of Jehoiakim, and
was now a yoiing man highly efteem'd in the
king of Babylon's court: ButEzekiel dweltamong
thofe captives that were of rpeaner condition,
and were plac'd near the river Chebar, which
Strabo and Ptolomy call Chobar ; and fo does 4.
In the fifth year after his being carried thither,
viz. in the year 41 19. ( to which year he gives
alfo the date of the thirtieth year from fome epo-
cha, which, if it be a true reading, rnuft be
meant from the eighteenth year of Jofiah, when
the worfhip of God was folemnly reftor'd) he
had his firft vifion from God, which is defcrib'd
ch. i. and ch. ii. 3. I fend thee to the children of
Ifrael, a rebellious nation, Sec. After which time
for twenty or twenty-one years, to the year 4140.
are the feveral vifions, prophecies, and meflages,
recited in his book.
I. 4. A whirlwind came out of the north, a great
cloud, and a fire infolding itfelf, and a brightnejs
, :v was about it: and out oj the middle thereoj as the
colour oj amber, out oj the midft oj the fire.] 6,
A whirlwind came out of the north, and in it
a great cloud, and a light round it, and a fire
like lightning; and in the midft of it as the ap
pearance of amber in the midft of the fire: and
a brightnefs in it, This

on the Old Testament. 169
This is like the appearance of the Shechinah Ezekiel.
on Mofes' s tabernacle.
5. Alfo out of the midft thereof [came] the likenefs
of four living creatures.] 0, And in the midft
was as the likenefs of four animals, %dw*
Heb. for [in the midft] having [out of the
midft,] has made Eng. put in [came.]
7. Their feet were ftraight Jeet, and the Jole oj '
their jeet was like the Jole of a" calf's foot , and
they fparkled like the colour of burnijhed brajs.] 0\
Their legs were ftraight, and their feet were
winged, and fparkled," He.
There is nothing in 6 of any likenefs to calves
feet. 8, 9. They four had their faces, and their wings.
Their wings were joined one to another ; and they
turned not as they went, they went every one ftraight
forward?] i, And the faces of thefe four turned
not as they went, they went ftraight forward.
13. As for the likenefs of the living creatures,
their appearance was like burning coals of fire, and
like the appearance of lamps: it went up and down
among the living creatures, Sec] «', In the midft
of the animals was the appearance of burning
coal's of fire, as the appearance of lamps going
up and down among the animals, &c.
i does not liken the animals to coals, or to
lamps; (but to men:) only it fays, an appear
ance of coals , or lamps went up and down
between, or among, them. And from Heb.it-
felf one would conclude the fame.
15. One wheel upon the earth by the living crea
tures with his four faces.] c',— — to them four;
n<w#§o», without any fubftantive.
17, And the frntwyied not when they went.] Eng.
means (as they had eVprefs'd it before at f 9.
and 12.) they turned not as they went. Having four

170 Critical Notes
Ezekiel. four faces to their four fides, they had no need
to turn themfeives (as men muft do that having
gone eaft, would now go weft, or north) which
way*foever they went, they had one face right
forward. To exprefs it, return as they went, is
an abfurd fpeech.
I. 18. And their rings we fe full of 'eyes round about
them four.] 9, And their backs were full of eyes.
Meaning the backs of the animals. So it was in
the vifion of John,. Rev. iv. 6. The four animals
there were full of eyes before and behind. Vulg.
here does not mention rings nor backs ; but their
whole body. And indeed it is very likely that
this fentence is here mutilated both in Heb. and
6: And that the true reading would be the fame
as it is, ch. x. 12. (where this vifion is fhew'd
over again;) where of thefe four animals (there
called Cherubims) it is faid, Their whole body,- and
their backs, and their hands, and the wheels, Were
full of eyes round about ; even the wheels which they
four had. A body fo reprefented, full of eyes
round about, feems to denote fome fociety or
multitude of men, or elfe of angels.
20. Whitherfoever the fpirit was to go, they.
went ; thither [was their fpirit] to go , and the
wheels were lifted up over againft them : jor the fpirit
oj the living creature was in the wheels. ] 9, When
ever the cloud was (thither was the fpirit [or,
wind] to go ; ) thither the wheels [0' Alex. Aid.
Comp. The animals and the wheels] went, and
were lifted up together with them : for the fpirit
of life was in the wheels.
21. And when thoje were lifted up from the
earth, the wheels were lifted up over againft them.]
i, Were lifted up together with a^em;
. In many texts where the fenfe is, together with,
Trem.

on the Old Testament. 171
Trem. and Eng. have made it, over againft: as Ezekiel.
in thefe two verfes*.
I. 23. And under the firmament were their wings
ftraight, the one toward the other : every one' had
two which covered on this fide, and every one had
two which covered on that fide their bodies.] 9,
And under the firmament were their wings stretch
ed out, fluttering one againft the other : every
one had two" which covered their bodies.
27. And I Jaw as the colour oj amber, as the
appearance oj fire round about within it: jrom the
appearance oj his loins even upward, -and Jrom the
appearance oj his loins even downward, I Jaw as
it were the appearance oj fire, and it. had bright-
nefe round' about.] 9, And I faw the colour of
amber from the appearance of his loins upward;
and from the appearance of his loins downward
I faw the appearance of fire, and its fplendour
round about.
, See chap. viii. 2. where Heb.'viiM agree with
4 here. II. 6. Nor be afraid oj their words, though briers
[Marg. rebels] and thorns be with thee, and thou
doft dwell among Jcorpions.] c, Nor b'e-afraid of
their looks : for they will be mad, and fet upon
thee round about, and thou dofl dwell, &c.
1 o. // was written within and' without. ] 6,
Forefide and backfide.
III. 1. Son oj man, eat that thou findefi; eat
this roll?] 9, Sop of man, eat this roll.
IV. 4. Lay the iniquity oj the houfe of Ifrael up
on it : according to the number of the days that thoii
fhalt lie upon it,] 4, ——— according to the num
ber of an hundred and fifty days that thou fhalt
lie upon it.
5, 6. For I have laid upon thee the years of their
[Ifrael 's] iniquity, according to "the number of the
days,

172 Critical Notes
Ezekiel. days, three hundred and ninety days- iniquity oj
the bouje oj Judah, jorty days?] 9, — number of
the days, an hundred and ninety days ini
quity of the houfe of Judah, forty days.
Iniquity I Heb. 390. 1 f ~ &4 1 Heb. 40. I Total, I Heb. 390.
of Ifrael | i, — 150. I •* | a, — 40. | ver. 9. | 0, — 190.
In the firft number, which foever of the cen
tenaries be right, ioo, or 300 ; there is this ar
gument (for the number of the tens) of 50 in 4,
being righter than 90 in Heb. that at f 9, the
total fum of the time on which he was to lie on
his fide, has (befide the centenaries) both in
Heb. and 4, 90. Now a number which after 40
is added to it, is 90, muft have been 50. There
have been fchemes for adapting the number 390
to the iniquity of Ifrael. Trem, reckons from
the latter end of Solomon, when he fell to ido
latry. (He were better have reckon'd from. Je
roboam's calves, from which the Ten Tribes ne
ver recover'd) to the burning of Jerufalem, (i.e.
from ann. 3736, to 4126.) 390 years. And
others have made other attempts for applying
the number 390. And the like might be made
for 150. From the year 3993, (when Samaria
was taken and IJrael carried captive) 150 reckon'd
backwards reach back' to 3843. which was the
middle of Jehu's reign. But 390 reckon'd back
wards from that time reaches to before David's
or Saul's time.
IV. 9. Three hundred and ninety days Jhalt thou
eat thereof.] 4, One hundred ninety days.
12. And thou Jhalt bake it with dung that cometh
out oj man, in their flght.] 6, and Vulg Thou
fhalt hide [or, cover] it with dung, fciV. Caft.
and Trem. Prepare [or, knead] it.
V. 2. -Thou Jhalt burn with fire one third—
and thou Jhalt take one third, Sec] 6 bdth here, and

on the Old Testament. 173
and in the rendition, #12. makes four parts Ezekiel.
both of the hair, and alfo of the people fignified
by it : and is, With one jourth Jhalt thou do fo,
and with one fourth fo, &c. but all comes to
the fame fenfe.
V. 4. Burn them in the fire: jor thereof Jhall a
fire come forth into all the hpufe of Ifrael.] 4, Burn
them in the fire : out of it fhall come a fire. And
thou fhalt fay to all the houfe of Ifrael, Thus
faith, tie.
14. I will make thee wafte, and a reproach a-
mong the nations that are round about thee, Sec] 6,,
' and thy daughters that are round about
thee, fcfe.
It is the cuftom of the prophets to call the lef-
fer cities that are round about any great city, her
daughters. VI. 6. That your images may be cut down, and
your works may be abolijhed.] 0, — — and your
groves may be taken away.
VII. 7. The time is come, the day oj trouble is
near, and not the Jounding again of the mountains.]
0, • is come near, not with tumult, nor
with pangs. Marg. not the eccho of the
mountains. Vulg.  not the glory of the
mountains. 19. They fhall caft their filver in the ftreets, and
their gold Jhall be removed.] Marg. As jor Jepa-
ration, or uncleannefs. Vulg. As dung 4, Their
filver fhall be thrown away in the ftreets, and
their gold difregarded.
Ibid. Becauje it is the ftumbling-block oj their
iniquity.] 0, The punifhment of, &c.
20. As for the beauty oj his ornament, he Jet it
in majefty : but they made the images oj their abo
minations: therejore have I Jet it far from them.]
Here Trem. and Eng. refer the words to God's
temple :

174 ¦"' Critical Notes ^
'ztkiel. temple: and Trem. puts in the word [God.] But
4 and Vulg. carry on the difcourfe of their filver
and gold, which they had abus'd.
.jo, Vulg. They made of it choice ornaments for
pride ; and. they made of it images of their abo
minable [idols:] therefore have I made it to
them as an unclean thing.
, VII. 22, 23. The robbers Jhall enter into it, and
pollute it.. Make a chain : jor the land is — ] £,-*
pollute it, and make a fcramble : for the land—*
Vulg. is, cohclujionem : I fuppofe St. Hierom's
word was, conjufionem, which agrees with 4, ot»-
%<k<si (pu^oV.- Trem.'s guefs is, I think, the worft,
make a rope; meaning, wherewith the robbers
may hang you.
„ 27.. -The king Jhall mourn.] This' is not in 6
Vat. And Origen fays, Perhaps they did not find
it in their then Hebrew.
, VIII. 2i Then I beheld, and lo, a likenejs as the
appearance oj fire : jrom the appearance oj his loins
even downwards* fire': and jrom his loins upward,
&c] 6,  and lo ! the appearance of a man :
from his loins downward was fire : and from his
loins upward was, &c.
The prefent Heb. has dropp'd the word [man]
at this place : for it is the very fame vifion as at
ch. 1. where was the appearance of a man juft
fo: as amber, the upper parts; and the lower,
as fire.
5. Northward at the gate oj the. altar.] i,
Northward of the eaft gate.
14. There Jat women weeping jor Tammuz.]
Theodoret fays, Tammuz is the fame as Adonis.
17. And lo, they put the branch to their noje.]
4, And lo, they are as mockers.
Bojs cites Origen faying that Symm. had tranfla
ted it, They make a fnuffing noife with their
nofe;

on the OldTestament. tyt;
nofe ; and that 'tis no wonder they fhould differ Ezekiel
fo : for that in Hebrew mora signifies a noife, and
the fame word lignifies a branch.
IX. 3,. And the gfory of the God of Ifrael was
gone up from the cherub whereon he was.] 0',— —
went up from the cherubin on whom it was.
6. Then they began at the antient men that were
before the houfe.] Vulg. as Heb. 0, — that were
within in the houfe.
It feems that 4 is right ; becaufe God in the
next words bids them , Defile the houfe, i. e.
flay them in the houfe (viz. the court) as they
were. X. 13. As for the wheels, it was cried unto them
in my hearing, O wheel.] 4, To thefe wheels it
was cried [or, called] in my hearing, Gelgel.
Marg'— They were called in my hearing, Wheel,
or, Galgal. Vulg. And he called thofe wheels in
my hearing, VoPuble. Caft.« > < hearing, a cha
riot [or, his chariot,] Trem.— hearing, a globe
[or, world] orbis. Ar. Mont, as Eng.
19. And [every one] ftood .at the door of the
eaft-gate.] 4, And they ftood, i^e-xv. .
2 1 . Every one had four faces apiece.] 6, Eve
ry one had four faces.
XI. 3. Which- Jay, It [is] not near: let us build
houjes. This city is the cauldron, and we be the
flejh?] 9, Which fay, Have not the houfes been
newly [or, lately, or, near this time] built ? This
[city] is the pot, and we are the flefh. Vulg.
Which fay, Have not the houfes been built a
good while? This is the pot, &c. Marg. It is
not for us to build houfes near. This [city] is
the, &c. Trem. Which fay, Houfes muft not
be built near [viz. near the wall : ] For then this
city [would be] the pot [viz. that pot fpoken of
Jer. i. 13.] and we the flefh. Caft.

176 Critical Notes
Ezekiel. Caft. as Eng. which feems at laft the beft trans
lation. See on chap, xxxiii. 24.
XI. 15., Thy brethren, the men oj tby kindred,
and all the houfe oj IJrael wholly [are they] unto
whom the inhabitants of Jerujalem. have Jaid-, Get
you jar Jrom the Lord: unto us is> this land given
in poffeffion.] 9, Thy brethren, and. the men of
'¦ thy captivity, and all the houfe of Ifrael cvilM-
KviW [f. is included] among thofe 'to whom
the inhabitants of Jerufalem have faid, You are
far removed from the Lord: to us the land is
given. It feems to be the infulting of the prefent in
habitants of Jerufalem againft thofe , that were
gone into captivity, and againft all claimants
but themfeives. So that there is. an emphafis in
that term of 6, The men of thy captivity, which
other tranflations have not. See the next verfe,
19. And I will give them one heart.] 4, An
other heart.
23. The glory of the Lord went up — and flood,
upon the mountain which is on the eaft of the city.]
That muft be mount Olivet.
XIII. 4. O IJrael, 'tby prophets are like the foxes
in the dejeris.] 9, as Eng. iv voug fytjpwis' But
Theodoret fays that Symmachus tranflated it better,
hi Toi? k%imi9ic, as foxes fet to defend a breach in
the wall. And this fits better with the following
words, Te [prophets] have not gone up into the
gaps [or, breaches] nor made up the jence jor, Sec.
11. There Jhall be an overflowing Jhower, and
•ye, 0 g^at bailftones," Jhall jail, and a ftormy
wind Jhall rent if?] 9,  fhower, and I will
fend great .ftones againft the joints of it; and
they fhall fall on it: and a ftormy wind; and
it jhall be rent. So Vulg, XIII. 20.

jj« ^ Old Testament. 177*
XIII. 20. I am againfi your pillows, whefewithEiekieU
you there hunt the fouls to make [them] flee: and I
will tear them, Sec ] 4;  you there pervert
[or, overthrow] the fouls : and, Wc. Vulg.'  \
your pillows, wherewith you catch flying fouls;
and I will, &c.
XIV. 3. Thefe men have fet up their idols in
their heart.] Vulg. Immunditias fuas; 6,  •
their own purpofes, itMonp-oHa,. And fo f 4;
That fetteth up his idols. 4, Purpofes. Vulg.
Uncleannefs. And ibid. I will anfwer him than
cometh according to the multitude of his idols.
6, According to thofe things on which his heart
is fet. And f 6. Turn your felves from your1
idols. 4, From your purpofes;
7. Setteth up his idols — and cometh to a prophet
to enquire of him concerning me ; I the Lord will
anfwer him by my felf.] 0, Will anfwer him ac
cording to that in which he is held [or, to' which
he is inclin'd] or, to that which he thinks in
himfelf. The foregoing difference might be a various
tranflation ; but this muft be a various reading.
9. And if the prophet be deceived — / the Lord
have deceived that prophet.] Have infatuated. See
the words following.
1 4. Though thefe three men, Noah, Daniel, and
Job were in it.] Daniel was, it feems, at this
time, a man of great name for wifdom and piety j
This was the fixth year of Jeconiah's captivity,
(for that is the laft date mention'd, ch. viii. 1.)
and confequently the twelfth of Daniel's capti
vity. He in the fecond year of Nebuchadnezzar,
ann. 41 11. having made known to the king his
dream, and the interpretation, was by him made
a great man, ruler over the province of Babyloni.
and chief governor of the wife-men there, Da?u
Vol, II, N ii. 48.

178 Critical Notes
Ezekiel. ii. 48. This prefidence had now continued nine
years to this year 4120, Arid in all that time
his cuftom was to fpend a confiderable part Of
every day in prayer, fupplication, and praifing
of God, Dan. vi. 10. So that he might now be
reckon'd with Noah, Job, or other the moft
pious men.
XIV. 22. Therein jhall be left a remnant that
Jhall be brought forth, [both] fons and daughters?]
6, Vulg. Who' fhall bring forth thence fons and
daughters. Ibid. You Jhall be comforted concerning the evil
that I have brought. ] 9,  be brought to
repentance. XV. 4. The fire devour eth both the ends oj it.]
4, The yearly cuttings of it.
XVI. 24, 25. Thou haft built to thee an eminent
place, and made thee a high place, Sec] 6, and
Vulg. and Marg.  a bawdy houfe — a brothel
houfe. Arid fo in the next verfe, Thy high place. And
fo f 39. Vulg. Lupanar — proftibulum.
¦42. And I will be quiet, and will be no more
angry.] 4, — '  and will regard thee no more.
43. And thou Jhalt not commit this lewdnejs dbovet
all thine abominations.] 6, Thou haft fo acted
impiety in all thy wickednefs.
The negative is wanting in «', Or elfe redun
dant in Heb. No edition of 4, but Comp. has it.
49. This was the iniquity oj thy flfler Sodom,
pride, Julnejs oj. bread, and abundance oj idlenejs.]
0,  pride in her fulnefs of bread, and lux
ury of expert fiveriefs. Alex. Of expenfivenefs
in wine.
5J. Bejore thy wickednefs was difcovered^ as at
fhe time of tby reproach oj the daughters oj Syria?] 4, — *

on the Old iTesTaMent. 179
as thou art now the reproach of the Ezekiel.

daughters of Syria.
XVI. 61. And I will give them unto thee jor
daughters.] 4, For edification. 9 Alex. For
trial. XVII. 12. The king of Babylon is come to Jeru
jalem, and hath taken the king tlereoj, Sec] This
is meant of Nebuchadnezzar's taking ofjeconiah,
and placing Zedekiah upon a covenant and oath ;
and therefore fhould be exprefs'd in Englijh ,:
The king of Babylon came to Jerufalem, and took
the king, Sec
14. That the kingdom might be baje, that it might
not lift it felf up ; but that by keeping of his cove
nant it might fiand.] 9, That it might be a poor
kingdom, that it might not be totally taken
away ; but that by keeping, the covenant it might
flarid [or, continue.]
XVIII. 1 1 . And that doeth not any of thofe dn-
ties.] 9, And that goeth not in the way of his
honeft father.
17. That hath taken off his band from the poor.]
4, That hath with-held his hand from injufticei
XIX. 1. Take thou up a lamentation for the
princes of Ifrael.] 9, The prince.
All the context is concerning the king.
3. ¦ And fhe brought up one of her whelps.] 4,
¦ And one of her whelps went abroad.
5. Now when Jhe Jaw that Jhe had waited, and
her hope was loft.] 6, -«¦¦ that he was taken
from her, and her hope was loft*
7. And he knew their defolale palaces.] Marg,
Their widows. Vulg. He knew how to make
widows. Caft. Fie plundered their castles. 4*
He liv'd [or was fed, or nlaintain'd] by his'bold-
nefs [or, bold rapacioufnefs.] N 2 Jehoiakim

180 Critical Notes
Ezekiel. Jehoiakim is generally fpoken of as a- very ra
pacious governor.
XIX. 10. Thy mother is like a vine in thy blood.]
9, Like a vine, and a pomegranate-flower. Caft.
Thy mother was, in thy blood ( i. e. when thou
waft born) like a thriving vine.
This laft fits beft to the context : for the fol
lowing verfes fpeak of the good ftate that the
country was in before Jeboiakim's time, while
his father Jofiah liv'd ; and 'the bad ftate. fince.
'Tis true, that Jehoiakim was now dead : but the
prophet by an apostrophe bewails the mifchiefs
of his time.
1 4. And fire is gone out. oj a rod oj her branch-;
es, [which] has devour' d her Jruit.] i, — came
out of the rod [or, fcepter] of her elect ones,
which has devoured, &c. Meaning, I fuppofe, '
her kings. See the following words.
. XX. 16, 24, Their eyes were after their fathers
idols.] This is fpoken of the people in the wil
dernefs : And therefore though the hiftory. men
tions no idols in the wildernefs, but the calf, and
Baalpeor ; yet it appears by this text, as well as
by Amos v. 26. that fome of them ftill worfhip-
ped fome of the Egyptian idols. See on that text
of Amos.
27, 28. Yet in this your- fathers have blajpbemed
me, in that they, have committed a trejpajs againft <
me. For. when I had brought them, Sec] 4, Thus
far have your fathers provoked me in their tranf-
greffions in which they have tranfgreffed againft;1
me. And I brought them  -and they faw, ciiV.
46. Set thy jace toward the jouth.] 4, Toward
Teman. Trem. To the right hand.
XXI. 3. i" will cut off jrom thee the righteous
and the wicked.] 9, The unrighteous and the
wicked> And fo f 4.

on the Old Testament. 181
'Tis pity but we knew which of thefe is the Ezekiel.
true reading. Vulg. is as Heb.
XXI. 9, 10. Say, A Jword, a fword is Jharp-
ned, and alfo furbifhed. It is Jharpned to make a
fore flaughter, it is jurbijhed that it may "glifter:
Jhould we then make mirth ? it contemneth the rod
qjmy Jon, as every tree.] Marg. It is the rod of
my fon, it defpifeth every tree.
Trem. Is this the rod of my fon, when the
fword defpifeth all wood, v»v |Jaov.? [i. e. it
eafily cuts through all wood.] And he hath
given it to be furbifhed, that it may be handled.
Vulg. Say, A fword, a fword is whetted and
furbifhed. It is whetted to flay facrifices, it is
furbifhed to glifter. Thou, who moveft the fcep-
ter [or, rod] of my fon, haft cut down every
tree ; and I have given it to be furbifhed, that
it may be held in hand.
4, Say, O fword, thou fword, be thou whet
ted and enraged, that thou mayft flay facrifices;
be thou whetted till thou dofl glifter : ready for
flaughter: flay, regard not: drive before thee
every tree. He. hath made it ready to grafp in
his hand.
Vulg. has nothing of making mirth. 4, nothing
of that; nor of a rod; nor of 'my fon.
13. Becauje it is a trial: and what if [the fword]
contemn even the rod? it fhall be no [more,] faith
the Lord God.] 4, Becaufe it is justified: and
what if even a tribe be thruft away ? It- fhall not
be, faith, Wc.
It is very common for one tranflator to render
that, a tribe, which another calls a rod, or,
fcepter. 14. Let the fword be doubled the- third time;
the fword of the flain : it is the fword of the great
jncn that are flain, which entereth into their privy
N 3 cham-

%%Z Critical Notes
Ezekiel chambers.'] 4,  ¦ it is the great fword of them
that are flain ; and it fhall affright them. Vulg,
The fword of the great flaughter, which makes
1 them amazed.
XXI. 20. That the Jword may come to Rabbath
, — and to Judah. ] Trem, To Rabbath*— or to
Judah. 21. For the king oj Babylon ftood at the parting
oj the way.] 4, Will ftand. So fr em. So the
fenfe. Ibid. He made [I. will make] bis arrows, bright.] ,
Vulg. Throw his arrows together, commijcens Ja-
giltas ; viz. to fee which way the heads will fall,
toward Rabbath, or toward Jerufalem.
23. To them that have Jwotn oaths.] Trem.
Iftis jurads in juramenta multa. Expofition. To
thofe infamous perjur'd Jews. See ch. xvii. 18.
24. Becauje that, ye are come to remembrance, ye
Jhall be taken with the hand.] 0, In all your ini
quities, which you thus bring to remembrance,
in them ye fhall be taken.
27. I will overturn, overturn, overturn it; and
it Jhall be no more, until he do come whoje right
it is : and I will give it him.] 4, Injuftice, in-
juftice, injuftice wijl I make it; woe unto it;
fuch it fhall be till he do come, &c.
XXII. 5. And they Jhall mock thee, who artin-
jamous and much vexed.] 4, And they fhall make
a mock of thee, which art noted fpr impurity,
and great in wickednefs.
9. Men that carry tales to Jhed blood.] 0, Rob
bers to fhed blood.
15, 16. / will conjume thy filthinejs out oj thee.
And thou Jhalt take thine inheritance in thy Jelj in
the flght of the heathen.] 4, and Vulg.  "and I
will take thee for mine inheritance. XXII. 18,

on (he Old Testament. 183
XXII. 18. The houfe of Ifrael is to me become Ezekiel.
drofs : all they are brajs, and tin, and iron, and
lead in the midft oj (he furnace ; they are the drojs
oj filver.] 9 Vat. The houfe of IJrael is to me
become all of them mixt with brafs, and tin, and
iron, and lead : it is mixed among [or, in the
middle of ] the filver. 6 Alex. The houfe of If
rael is become mixt with brafs, and tin, Wc.
Inftead of the words [.mixed in the middle of
the filver] Heb. feems to have put in [mixed in
the middle of the furnace] and fo has made of
it a very different reprefentation. For in 4 it is
reprefented as a filver lump, but mixt with brafs,
tin, Wc. and therefore to be melted in order to
feparate the bafe metals. But Heb. makes it all
drofs at firft.
19, 20. Therefore becaufe ye pre all become drofs
— 1 will gather you — As they gather filver, and
brafs, &c. into the midft of the furnace — to melt
it.] 9., Therefore becaufe ye are all become
mixed in one lump — I will gather yous Wc.
Heb. it felf names filver here; which fhews
that it fhould have been named f before. And
this is plainer at f 22. As filver is melted — fo
fhall you be melted. See Ifaiah i. 25.
XXIII. 29, 30. — Thy lewdnefs and thy whore
doms. I will do thefe things unto thee.] 9, and Vulg.
Thy lewdnefs and thy whoredoms have done [or,
caufed] thefe things unto thee.
42 . And a voice of a multitude being at eafe was
with her, and with the men of the common fort
were brought Sabeans from the wildernefs.] 4,
And they struck up a fit of mufic, and with
men of the common fort that came from the wil
dernefs. Neither 6 nor Vulg. have any thing of Sabeans;
ppr Trem.
N 4 XXIII. 45.

184 Critical Notes
Ezekiel. XXIII. 45. And the righteous men, they fhall
judge them after the manner of adultereffes.] 4, "av-
tyts. AW «*W, The juftices themfeives fhall
judge them, Wc.
XXIV. 2. Write thee the name oj the day.]
Compare 2 Kings xxv. 1. It will appear the fame
day. 4. Fill it with the choke bones.] a, The flefh
taken off from the bones.
17. And eat not the bread oj men.] 4 here is
as Heb. But Vulg— the bread of mourners.
Dr. Hammond on Matt. ix. 23. fays, the Heb.
fignifies fo, and that it fhould be tranflated fo,'
here and at f 22. 'Tis certain That makes the
plainer fenfe. They had, it feems, fomething
like our bifcuit at funerals. And as appears here,
they went without fhoes, and without any tire
[or, covering] on the'ir head. They wore a mufT
fier over their lips, Wc.
XXV. 3. Becauje thou Jaidft, Aha, againft my
fancluary — and againft the land oj IJrael, when it
was dejolate, Sec] 6, Becaufe ye expreffed a great
joy, Wc.
It is to the children of Ammon that he fpeaks.
The laft date of time was, ch. xxiv. 1. the ninth
year: but this prophecy muft have been after
that time; becaufe it fpeaks of the captivity and
defolation, which was not till the eleventh year.
In Ezekiel, as in the other prophets, the prophe
cies againft the nations are put together; though
fome of them were earlier, and fome later.
12. By takingvengeance, and hath greatly offend
ed, and revenged himfelf.] 0',— and hath bore a
grudge, iyMY\<nv.dw\<sav— — —
' 15. Have taken vengeance with a defpiteful heart,
to deftroy it for the old hatred.] 4, —  being glad

on the Old Testament. 185
glad at their heart, to deftroy even to the \a{\ Ezekiel.
man. XXVI. 4. I will alfo Jcrape her duft jrom her,
and make her like the top oj a rock.] 4,—— grind
[or, fcatter] her rnOld from her.
6. Her daughters which are in the field Jhall be
flain with the Jword.] 4, -  which are on the
continent, fhall be deftroy'd by the fword. So
Caft. - Meaning, I fuppofe, the cities fubject to her.
The common name for the leffer cities that are
fubject to any metropolis, is, her daughters. See
f 8. where 4 is «vsAe7.
10. When he Jhall enter into thy gates, as men
enter into a city wherein is made a breach.] 4,  .
out of a field [or, continent.]
14. Thou Jhalt be built no more?] Not in the
fame place. But. there was the city of Tyre, a
ftrong and rich place in ages after Nebuchadnez
zar, as in Alexander's time and after. In the
later times it was on an ifland. Thofe remains,
or ruins, on the continent, were call'd Palaty-
ries. Ifaiah, ch. xxiii. prophefied its destruction,
, and its restoration after 70 years. Books of tra
vels fay, the ifland is now aim oft funk iri the
fea. 20. That thou Jhalt not be inhabited ; and I Jhall
Jet glory in the land of the living] 9, — nor rife
any more into the land of the living.
The miftaken reading that is in Heb. is antient.
Vulg. is as Heb.
21. 7" will make thee a terror, [4, a ruin] and
thou fhalt be no more.] This is repeated, chap.
¦ xxvii. 36. See on $-14.
XXVII.. 15. The men of Dedan were thy mer
chants, many ifles were the merchandife of thy hand :
they brought thee for a prefent, horns of ivory and .]

186 Critical Notes
Bzekiel. ebony.] 6, The Rhodians [4 Alex, the Aradians]
were thy merchants : they filled thy market from
the ifles with elephants teeth, and thou payedft
them. 17. Land oj Ifrael— —they traded*- — wheat of
JWinnith, and Panmg, and honey.] 4-> — wheat,
and ointment? and caffla, and choice honey.
28. The juburbs [Marg, waves] Jhall jhake at
fhe Jound oj the cry of thy pilots.] 4, Thy pilots
fhall be in a terrible fright at the found of thy
cry. 36. And fhall cauje their voice to be heard 4-
gainft thee.] 4, Shall howl for thee,
XXVIII. 18. Thou haft defiled thy JanEluaries
in the multitude oj thine iniquities by the iniquity oj
thy traffick.] 4, For the multitude of thy fins,
and the iniquity of thy traffick, I have profaned
thy holy places.
23. The wounded Jhall be judged in the midft
of her by the Jword upon her on every fide.] 4,
They fhall fall down wounded with the fword
in thee, and round about thee.
XXIX. 1. In the tenth year, tenth month,
twelfth day.] 6, — twelfth year, tenth month, firft
day. This date in 6 of the twelfth year feems pro
bably the true one. The date of the vifions has
yet proceeded in a chronological order ; and the
laft was the eleventh year. The tenth year was
while Jerujalem was befieg'd ; the twelfth, a
year after it was burnt.
4, The laft claufe of this verfe, which repeats
what was faid juft before, is not in 4.
5. I will leave thee [thrown] into the wilder- -
nefs.] 4, I will throw thee on td-xj*.
I make no doubt but the original reading of
4, here was b> rf fy, into, or upon» the grafs or

en the Old Testamen t. 187
or reeds by. 'the river fide: For «^i is a known Ezekiel.
Egyptian word for the grafs or reeds on the edge
of the Nile. For leave inftead of throw, fee on
ch. xxxii. 4.
XXIX. 10. Make the land of Egypt utterly
wafte- — jrom the tower ojSyene even unto the border
oj Ethiopia.] *4, From Migdol and Syene to the
border of Ethiopia.
Sir Walter Rawleigh obferves that by Cujh
(which 4 and moft tranflators render, Mthiopia)
cannot be meant here Mthiopia above Egypt j
for Syene is in the bounds of rhem two : and to
fay, From the fouth border of Egypt to the north
border of Ethiopia, would be no diftance at all.
Therefore he (as Trem. alfo in his tranflation)
takes Cujh to fignifie here (as it does indeed in
many places) not ALthiopia (at leaft, not that
Mthiopia) but Arabia dejerta.
17. And it came to pafs in the twenty-feventh
year, firft month, Sec] This prophecy is dated
fifteen years by the Ioweft account, after the laft ;
which was likewife againft Egypt. But this feems
fent when the thing was on the point of execu
tion. For Nebuchadnezzar quickly after the
fiege of Tyre (which had now lafted thirteen,
years) invaded Egypt.
XXX. 9. In that day Jhall mejjengers go forth
from me in fhips to make the carelejs Ethiopians
afraid: and great pain Jhall come upon them, as in
the day of Egypt.] 4, In that day fhall meflen-
gers go forth, haftening to deftroy Ethiopia; and
trouble fhall come upon them in the day of E-
gypt- Eng. by putting [as] into the laft claufe (which
no other tranflation does) mars the fenfe.
13. I will deftroy the idols, and caufe [their]
images to ceafe out of Noph ; and there fhall be no
more

i88 Critical Notes
Ezekiefc more a prince oj the land of Egrpt.] 4 -Vat. I will
deftroy the great men from Memphis, and the
princes of, Memphis from the land of Egypt.;
arid they fhall be no more.
.4 Alex. Aid-. I will deftroy the abominations^
and make to ' ceafe the great men of Memphis,
and the princes of Tunis from the land of Egypt;
and they fhall be no more.
Ifaiah' s prophecies againft Egypt are common
ly againft the princes of Zoan, and Noph (or,
Tanis and Memphis) as 4 is here. See If. xix.
n, 13,. Wc. No edition of 4 does fay, that
there Jhall no more be a prince of. Egypt.
XXX. 20. It came to pafs in the eleventh year,
&c] One prophecy againft Egypt had been- the
tenth or twelfth year: Another, the twenty-
feventh : Now it goes back to mention one in
the eleventh, which was the year of the deftruc-
tion of Jerufalem ; and another in the fame, chap.
xxxi. 24. And he [Pharaoh] fhall groan before him
xwith the groanings oj a deadly wounded man.] 4,
And he [Nebuchadnezzar] fhall take the plunder
thereof, and feize the fpoils thereof.
XXXI- 3- And his top > waj among the thick
boughs.] 4, Reached to the middle of the clouds :
and fo f 10. and ^14.
9. I have" made him jair, Sec] This being
fpoken of the king and kingdom of AJfyria, which
was now deftroy'd, and his fairnefs, gone; the
proper Englifh would be, I made him fair ; or,
i" had made him; Trem. is, Effeceram. And ir
11. I delivered him. Arid f 1 o. where the words
are, Therefore thus faith the Lord. God; the fenfe,
I think, is, Therefore the Lord God faid. And
in the next words, though the prefent Heb. and
fare, Becaufe thou haft lifted up thy Jelj (as if Ni-
nive

c» A Old Testament. 189
nive had been then in being, to.be fpoke to,) Ezekiel.
Vulg. is, Becauje he lifted up himfelf.
XXXI. 11. He fliall furely deal with him : I
have, driven him out, Sec] Here again Heb. or
Eng. have the future tenfe for a thing that was
done and paft. But 4, He dealt with him, Wc.
12. His boughs are broken by all the rivers. ] 4,
His boughs lie broken in ' all the fields.
13. Shall all the fowls remain  beafis Jhall
be.] 4, Remained — were —
_ 1 6. All the trees of Eden— Jhall be comjorted in
the nether parts of the earth?] 0,  . comforted
him ; 7tot,(>Ypt.d,K>sv cojtqv—
XXXII. 2. Thou cameft forth with thy rivers?]
4, and Vulg. Thou madeft a pooking in thy ri
vers. ,
3. And they Jhall bring thee up in my net.] 4,
and Vulg. And I will bring thee up, Wc. .
4. Then will I leave • thee upon the land.] 6,
and Vulg. Throw thee upon the land.
5. I will lay thy flefh upon the mountains, and
fill the valleys with thy height.] 4,  with thy
blood. Vulg. — •Jdnie tud. Caft. Taba tuo, with
thy gore.
'Tis wonder that Trem. (and Eng: following
him) feeing fo plain a fenfe in 4 and Vulg. which
had been the receiv'd bibles both of the Greek
and Latin church from the beginning, fhould,
for fome criticifm on the prefent Heb. alter it in
to words that have no fenfe. The like cafe is in
the nex,t verfe, The land wherein thou Jwimmeft.
No tranflation but Trem. has any thing of Jwim--
ming here : Not 4, nor Vulg. nor Caft. nor Old
Englijh Bible. And ibid. Fill the rivers with thee,
lege, Fill the valleys with thee, as here.
9. Thy deftruftion among, the- nations, into the
countries.] 4, Thy captivity among, Wc.
XXXII. 14.

100 Critical Notes
Ezekiel. XXXII. 14. Then will I make their waters
deep.]' 4, — quiet, «jVv;g<»<r« W«7«-.. Caft. Tran-
quillabo. See the verfe before.
18. Caft them down [even] her and the daugh
ters oj the famous nations, unto the nether parts of
the earth.] This looks as if Ezekiel were to caft
them down.
4, The nations fhall caft down her daughters
dead, into the nether parts, Wc.
26. There is Mejhec and Tubal, with all her
multitude: her graves are round about him.] 4,
¦ . • ¦ and all his company round about his
grave. 27. And they Jhall not lie with the mighty which
are fallen, Sec] 4, [all editions but Comp?] And
they are laid with the mighty [or, giants] which
are fallen.
Heb. putting a negative to this fentence, makes
the cafe of Mejhec unlike all the reft.
Ibid. Their iniquities Jhall be upon their bones,
though they were the terror of the mighty in the land
of the living] 4, bones, becaufe they in
their life-time put all men in fear.
28. Yea, thou [Egypt] Jhalt be broken in the
midft oj the uncircumcifed.] 6,  fhalt lie down
— This is like all the reft.
30. There be the princes oj the north, all of them,
and all the Zidonians, which, Sec] 4, — — and
all the Affyrian warriours, which, Wc. Vulg—*
and all the hunters, which, fcfY.
The Sidonians, being fo near the IJraelites, and
in the fame climate, are not us'd to be reckon'd
among the northern nations. /
Ibid. —With their terror they are ajhamed of their
might, and they lie uncircumcifed.] How ftrange-
ly are thefe words .put together ! *,-With

on the OldTestament. 191
9, With [or, notwithftanding] their terror andEzekkl
their might, they ate laid down uncircumcifed.
XXXII. 32. For I have caufed my terror in the
land of the lifting: and he Jhall be laid, Sec] i,
For I have Caufed his terror, Wc. Vulg, For he
caufed his terror, Wc.
This laft is doubtlefs the true reading, having
been faid in the cafe of all the reft -, and now in
the cafe of Egypt.
XXXIII. 21. And it came to pafs in the twelfth
year of our captivity, in the tenth month, the fifth
day, one that had efcaped out of Jerufalem, came
unto me, faying, The city is Jmitten.] 6, — — in
the tenth year, Wc.
It is plain in 2 Kings xxv. 2, 3, 4$ &c. that
the city was taken in the eleventh year of Zede
kiah, (which muft be the eleventh of Jeconiah's.
captivity) fpurth month, ninth day; and on the
fifth month was burnt. Therefore the date pf 6
here, that the news of it fhould come to Ezekiel
in the tenth year cannot be true. And on the
other fide, that the news of it fhould be fo long
as from the eleventh year, fourth or fifth month,
to the twelfth year, tenth month, viz. one year
and five months in going from Judea to Babylo
nia, is very ftrange. If it had been faid to be
the eleventh year, tenth month (viz. five months
after the burning) it had been more eafy to ex
plain. Ezekiel's abode was not at Babylon it felf 5,
but in the country nigh the river Chebar, which
might be a confiderable distance from Babylon.
It had been promifed, chap. xxiv. 26. that he
fhould have the news.
24. They that inhabit thoje waftes oj the land of
Ifrael, fpeuk, faying, Abraham was one, and he
inherited the land: but we are many ; the land^ is
given to us for an inheritance.] , Thi§ feems to the
3 fame

i^2 Critical Notes
Ezekiel. fame purpofe, as what they faid, ch. xi. 3. This
city is .'the cauldron, and we be the flejh ; and to
explain it.
XXXIII. 33. -And when this cometh to pajs (lo^
it will come) then Jhall they know that a prophet
hath been among them.] 6, And when it cometh,
then they will fay, Lo, it is come. And they
fhall know, Wc.
XXXIV. 2. Woe to the fhepherds of Ifrael,. that-
do feed. themfeives: fhould not the, Sec] 6, O ye
fhepherds of Ifrael, fhould fhepherds feed them"
felves? fhould not, Wc.
3. Ye- eat the fat, and ye. cloath you with the
wooll, you kill them that are fed.] 9, You eat the
milk  — fat.
4. But With force and cruelty have you ruled over
them.] 9, And the ftrong you have tired with
labour. In the modern phrafe, by fhepherds or paf
tors, are meant, teachers : But in the phrafe of
thofe times, kings and temporal rulers, and their
ministers. See chap, xxxvii. 24.
16. But I will deftroy the jat and the ftrong]
0, and, Vulg.,, e contra, I will preferve, #wa«|w,
cuftodidm, the fat and the ftrong.
See verfe 4. in 6, where the fault was, tiring
out the ftrong.
27. Deliver them out oj the hands oj thoje that
Jerved themfeives of them.] i,  — thofe that
enflaved them.
31. Ye my flock, the flock of my pafture [are]
men ; and I am your. God.] i, Ye are my fheep,
the fheep of my pafture ; and. I am the Lord
your God.
XXXV. 9. Thy cities fhall not return.] 0', Shall
not be inhabited [or, rebuilt.] So Vulg.
XXXV, 13,

on the Old Testament. 193
XXXV. 12. The mountains of Ifrael  they Ezekiel.
are laid defolate, they are given us to conjume.] a,
Marg. Vulg. — ¦ — given us to devour [or, eat up.]
XXXVI. 3. Becaufe they have made you defolate,
and fwallowed you up on every fide.] 4, Becaufe
you have been difgraced and hated by thofe round
about you.
XXXVII. 1. The hand of the Lord was upon
me, and carried me out in the fpirit of the Lord,
and fet me down in the midft of the valley which
was full of bones.] i, — me, and the fpirit of
the Lord carried me out, and fet me down in a
field ; and the field was full of bones of men.
14. Then Jhall ye know that I the Lord have
fpoken it, and performed it.] o',-  that I am the
Lord. I have fpoken it, and will do it.
19. And will put them with him, even with the
flick oj Judah-, and make them one ftick, and they
pall be one in mine hand.] 6, And will put them
to the tribe of Judah, and they fhall be one ftick
in the hand of Judah.
23. And I will Jave them out of all their dwel
ling-places wherein they have finned, Sec] 0,—
deliver them from all their tranfgrefiions where
by they have finned, Wc.
25. And they Jhall dwell therein [in the land of
IJrael] they, and their children, and their childrens
cbildren for ever.] The children, and childrens
children dwelling there for ever, is not in 9 Vat.
but in Alex. Aid. Comp. and Vulg. it is. The
next words, tabernacle, and fancluary, (which,
'tis faid, fhall be in the midft of them for ever)
are in 4, xotlsumivuffu, and t« o\yn» pS. By which
, it is not neceflary to understand the material tem
ple that was to be built. St. Hierom render'd t«
*yu*iA.2, not, my fancluary, but, my finntJifica-
tion. The temple rebuilt by Zorobabel, and made
Vol. II. O more

194 Critical Notes
Ezekiel. more beautiful by Herod, did not continue very
long. XXXVIII. 2. Set thy face againft Gug, the land
of Ma-gog-, ^he chief prince of Mejhech and Tubal.]
Theodoret fays, that thefe are Scythian nations ;
and Jofephus fays, the Magogians are thofe which
the Greecs call Scythians. Thofe of Tubal, the
Greecs call Iberians; andthofe of Mejhech, Mej-
cbinians, i.e. Cappadocians. But as Mejhech is
in 4 and Vulg. Mojock ; Caft. thinks that it de
notes thofe whom. we now call Mujcov'ites. But
as Caft. fays, fo I muft fay, that for the main of
this whole prophecy, I do not underftand what
it means: For there has not been yet^any time
when the Jews being in pofleflion of Judea, have
been attack'd by any Scythian nation, and have
overcome them. It feems to relate to fome paf-
fage or event which is yet future. And fo 'tis
faid, f 8. In the latter years thou Jhalt come: or,
as 4 is, In the, laft time of years it Jhall come: and
^ 16. It Jhall be in the latter days, i, The laft'
days. The book of Revelations fpeaks of it as to
be after the Millennium, ch. xx. 7, 8. and there
fore Grotius, Hammond, and thofe few that think
the Millennium to be paft, apply it to the Turcs^
who were a nation of "Scythians'. But the Turcs
did not attack the Jews in Judea: They had
been expell'd long before by the Romans.' Nor
have the .Turcs yet the fate of Gog. Trem. takes
Gog to fignify Ajia Minor, which was for fome
time in the hands of the kings of Syria, whom
Daniel calls,- kings of the north : And 'thefe did
indeed at times very much infeft the Jews: and
fometimes the Jews had great victories over them ;
efpecially in the time of Simon the' high-prieft,
as is related, 1 Maccab. xiii. and xiv. But there
was nothing that could be call'd a Millennium' before

on fhe OilD Testament." i 9 j-
beforethat. And Gog is fpoken of here, as de- Ezekiel.
feated and deftroy'd, not by human force.
"XXXVIII. 8. The mountains oj IJrael which
have been always wafte.] 4, The land of IJrael
which hath been wholly wafte.
13. With all the young lions thereoj.] 9, And
all the villages thereof.
14. When my people IJrael dwelleth fafely, (halt
thou not know it?] 9, — fhalt thou not be
ftirred up?
2 1 . Throughout all my mountains — every man's
fword fhall be againft, Sec] The words [through
out my mountains] are not in 6, nor any thing
like them.
23. Thus will 1 magnifie my felf, and fantlifie
my felf, and I will be known,] 4, And I will be
magnified, and fanctified, and glorified, and will
be known.
XXXIX. 2. And I will turn thee back, and
leave but the fixth part oj thee, and will cakje thee
to come up jrom the north parts, and will bring
thee upon the mountains oj Ijrael. ] Old Englijh
Bible. I will come upon thee, and will punifh
thee with fix plagues, and lead thee from the
north, Wc. Trem. I will bring thee back, draw
ing thee with a hook of fix prongs, and lead thee.
Caft. and Ar. Mont. Sextabo te ; that is, fays
Caft. I will punifh thee with fix plagues. Pag-
nin. as Eng.
Neither 4 nor Vulg. have any thing of fix.' '
But plainly 4, I will bring thee, and lead thee,
and caufe thee to come up from the fartheft
north. Vulg. I will bring thee about, and lead
thee out, and make thee come up, Wc.
All this disturbance is probably caufed by the
mif-fpelling of fome Hebrew word.
O 2 XXXIX. 6.

196, Critical Notes
¦Ezekiel. XXXIX. 6. A fire on Magog, and among them
that dwell carelefly in the ifles.] -4, A fire on Gog,
and the ifles fhall be .peaceably inhabited.
¦ 14. And they (hall fever out men of continual
employment, paffing through the land to bury with
the paffenge.rs , thofe that remain.] 6, and Vulg.
And they fhall fend men to go continually about
the country to bury thofe that remain.
, The Heb. fcribe has wrote [paffengers] twice ;
paffing through the land to bury with the paffengers.
Trem. tranflates it as a repetition ; tranfituros per
regionem, tranfituros ut fepeliant.
2o. le Jhall be filled at my table with borfes
and chariots, with mighty men, Sec] 4, — horfes
and their riders, with mighty men, Wc.
The Englijh tranflators fhould, if they would
ufe the word chariots, have render'd it (as they
have done at fome other places) [men of the]
chariots: for birds do not eat chariots*
26. When they dwelt fafely in their land, .and.
none made them ajraid. ] 6, They fhall dwell—
fliall make them afraid.
28. And have lejt none of them any more there.]
St. Hierom obferves that this is, not in 4. •
29. Neither will f hide my face any more from
them : for I have poured out my fpirit upon the—]
¦0,— — -from them, now that I have poured my
anger upon the —
XL. 1. In the five and twentieth year of our
captivity  the fourteenth year after the city was
fmitten.] After Jeconiah's captivity, Zedekiah
reign'd eleven years ; the fourteenth after that,
was twenty- five. .
5. So he meafured the breadth of the building
pne reed, and the height one reed?] 4, • ••• of the
outward wall—

All

on the Old Testament. , .197
All that tranflate it [building] do own in their Ezekiel.
notes that it was the wall. All the fpace of the
temple with all its courts, was in this vifiPn re
prefented as a fquare fpace of ground on the top
of an hill, encompafs'd with a four-fquare wall,
of which each fide was 500 cubits long ; /. e. by
the common cubit about 55 rods of Englijh rnea-
fure: by a cubit and a fpan, about 63. The
content, 20 or 25 acres. The wall about 10
foot thick, and 10 foot high.
The defcription of the fpaces, buildings, and
meafures contained in it, is very difficult. to ex
plain, and has taken up volumes written by learn
ed men upon it. And the drift, or aim, of the
whole vifion much more difficult. For it is cer
tain that the Jews after their return never had
any fuch building, nor any fuch divifion of their
country, as is in this, and the eight following
chapters defcrib'd. Some that read the books of
the Rabbi's, mention a tradition of the Jews,
That they, when they teach their children to
read the bible, do not fuff'er them to read thefe
laft nine chapters of Ezekiel, nor the third chap- '
ter of Genejis. '
In notes fo fhort as mine muft be, I can only,.
where the readings of Heb. and 0 do differ, men
tion fuch as where 6 feems to be the right ; which
are a great many, as they that make maps or
defcriptions of the whole do confels.
XL. 6. ' And went up the ftairs thereof, and
meafured the threfhold of the gate, one reed broad, ¦
&c.] 4,  the feven ftairs — ~
"What is here call'd, the two thresholds of the
gate, each fix cubits thick, Caft. takes to be the
ends of the wall jetting to the gate, which were .
of that thicknefs.
O 3 XL. 7, 8.

I98 Critical Not.es
Ezekiel. XL- 7, S.^And. between the little chambers were
five cubits, Sec] In 4 it. is to this fenfe, that from
the gate to the firft little chamber was fix cu;
bits: then the diftance to the fecond little, cham
ber was five cubits ; and that between the third
little chamber and the further wall was eight
cubits, _ \M.
9. And the pofts thereof two cubits.] 4, Ka.) rd
'A/Aeu ttij^wv Suu ' meaning, I fuppofe, to keep
the original word : and that was beft in a thing
of fo uncertain fignification. Vulg. is, And its
front two cubits. Trem: Its threfholds two
cubits. Caft. Its appendices two cubits. By
which I think he means, the protuberances or
jettings-out of the upper part of the building
beyond the perpendicular of the foundation.
What Eng.. means by rendering it, pofts, I know
not. Trem. puts limina; but fays the Heb.fis,
Juperliminare. Alex, here for two has ten.
14. He made alfo pofts oj threejcore cubits, even
unto the pofts oj the court round about the gate.]
6, The front of the porch of the outer gate was,
twenty' cubits, Wc. Vulg. Fronts of fix ty cu
bits. N. B. 6 never fpeaks of the angel's making
any thing, but fliewing the prophet the vifion of
them ready made. None but Eng. of making
pofts of fixty cubits, above an hundred foot.
Nor does any one elfe call them pofts.
1 6. Narrow windows to the little chambers ,
and to their pofts.] Windows- to pofts were ne
ver known. Vulg. To* the fronts. Caft. To the,
appendices. Trem. Superliminaribus. 4 keeps
the Hebrew word, alAa-p.
They feem to be the galleries or jettings-out,
of the upper rooms.
XL. 17.

on the Old Testament. 199
XL. 17. Then brought he me into the outward Ezekiel.
court.] d, Into the inner court.
I fhould think this latter to be a true reading:
For they had been in the outer court, furveying
it all this while.
19. From the forefront of the lower gate, unto —
&c. an hundred cubits eaft-ward and north-ward.]
4,  an hundred cubits [of the court] looking
eaft-ward : then he brought me to the north.
• He that reads the verfes before and after, will
fee this to be a plain amendment : For from f 6.
to this place is a furvey of the court on the eaft-
fide ; from this to f 23. inclufive, of the court
on the north-fide; thence 1027. of the fouth-
court ; and the laft words of each furvey, are,
that it was the length from gate to gate an hun
dred cubits: So that the Heb. fcribe here has
dropp'd the words [Then he brought me to.]
23. The gate of the inner court was over- againft
the gate toward the north, and toward the eaft.]
This tranflation is abfurd; and fo is Vulg. and
all the tranflations from Heb.
4, The gate of the inner court looking to
ward the north, was after the fafhion of that
which looked toward the eaft: i.e. The inner
gate of this north-court was like the inner gate
of the eaft-court; which he had defcrib'd be
fore: So that Heb. has dropp'd the words [was
after the fafhion of the gate.]
24. According to theje meqfures.] 4 Vat. is fo:
K«7# td jA-iT^oi rax/TO,' But 4 Alex. Kclld tx ykt^oti
rd ' cai-vd, according to the fame meafures, viz. the
fame that had been in the eaft-court: which is
plainly the fenfe. And fo it is in f 28, and 29.
where Eng. is, thefe- meafures; 6 Vat. laZsa.' but
Alex. t« ouurd. And fo Caft. is forc'd to render
thofe daces, iifidem illis modutis.
O 4 XL. 30.

200 Critical Notes
Ezekiel. XL. 30, And the arches round about were five
and twenty cubits long, and five broad.] 6, There
were windows to it, and to the euKap-p-diB- round
about : its length was fifty cubits, and its breadth
twenty-five. Heb. had the laft words, mifplac'd, 1 think,
in the verfe before: and Trem. makes it a repe
tition of them ; and that here length is put for
breadth ; twenty-five broad, and five [decades]
long. See Marg.
42. The jour tables— a cubit and an half long,
a cubit and an half broad, and one cubifhigh.] 6,
A cubit and an half broad, and two and an half-
long. 43 . And upon the tables was the flefh of the of
fering.] 6, And over the tables was a covering
[or, umbrella] to keep off rain and heat.
44. And without the inner gate were the cham
bers of the fingers in the inner court, which was at
.the fide oj the north-gate: and their projpefi was
toward the Jouth, one at - the fide oj the eafi-gate
having the projpetl toward the north.] 4, And he
brought me into the inner court; and behold,
two chambers in the inner court : one at the
back of the north-gate having a profpect to
ward the fouth, and one at the back of the fouth-
gate having a north profpect.
4 has nothing of fingers ; nor could they have
either of thefe chambers: for in the next words
they are otherwife difpos'd of, Caft. here fol
lows 0,
48. He meajured [each] poft cj the porch, five
cubits on this fide, and five cubits on that fide. ]
i Alex, and Vulg. and Caft. He meafured the
porch, five cubits in breadth one way, and five
the other way. I fop.

ck^Old Testament. 201
I fuppofe it Was ten cubits broad : But no poft Ezekiel.
is five cubits.
XL. 49. The length of the porch was twenty cu
bits, and the breadth eleven cubits.] Vulg. as Heb,
6 Vat. (and Alex. I fuppofe) — twelve — . 4 Aid.
—ten : Which is thought the true.
Ibid. He brought me up by fteps.] 4, Teh fteps.
Vulg Eight fteps.
Ibid. And there were pillars by the pofts, one on
this fide, and another on that fide.] 9, "to the
porch—. Vulg. In the front.
XLI . 1 . And meajured the pofts fix cubits broad.]
Vulg. The front. Trem. The threfhold.
3. Then went he inward, and meajured the poft
oj the door two cubits, and the door fix cubits, and
the breadth oj the door Jeven cubits.] There is no
restoring the fenfe of this without the help of 6.
It is the defcription of the partition-wall (and the
door in it) between the Holy, and the Holy of
Holies : it muft be 20 cubits long ; for that was
the breadth of the rooms it was to part: and it
was, as feems, two cubits thick. Now 6 is
4, And meafured the cuk of the door [which
muft mean the thicknefs of the pofts, or ends of
the wall, to which the door was hung] two cu
bits ; and the door fix cubits [broad] and the
inwpifas, fhoulders [or, fides] of the door [i. e.
the fpaces of wall on each fide of the door] were
feven cubits on one fide, and feven cubits on the
other. Now thefe fourteen, with the fix of the breadth
of the door, do make twenty, which was the
breadth of the houfe. But the prefent Heb. had
loft feven of them.
6. And the fide chambers were three, one over
another, and thirty in order : and they entered into
the wall which .[was] oj the houfe for fide -cham bers

io« Critical- Notes,
Ezekiel. bers round .about.]., 6, And the fide-charnbers
[were] fide-chamber over fide-chamber, thirty ;
thrice twice: and there was a /'distance between
the^ wall of the houfe and the fide-chambers round
about. Of that Tglf S~k, thrice twice, I guefs the <Ji? is
irreptitious ; and the meaning' to be, that there
were 30 chambers, each 3 ftories high. ForVglj
$)s, 4 Alex, is, fyrfi. Aid. ^,t§/« $H.
XLl. 12. The buildinghefore the feparate "plate
at the weft end, was feventy cubits broad, and the
wall of. the. building was five cubits thick round a-
bout, andthe length ninety cubits.] Caft. and Trem.
Expofit. All befide the feparate place was fe- _
venty, the feparate place it felf twenty, the walls
on each fide five, make in all' an hundred.
22. The altar of wpod was three cubits high, and
the length, thereof two cubits ; and. the corners there
of, and- the length thereof, and the walls thereof
were of wood. ] 9, > ¦ ' ¦ high j and the length
two cubits, and the breadth two cubits ; arid it
had horns : the bafis and fides of it were wood.
XLII. 1 . Then he brought me forth into the utter
court, the. way toward the -north, Sec] 6, He
brought me to the inner court toward the eaft,
over-againft the gate toward -the north ; andlo,
five chambers. Alex. Fifteen, chambers. Heir.
and Vulg... , A chamber.
In this whole chapter (which Caft. who com
ments on Heb. text, calls locum confufum, Wmiil-
to impeditiffrmu-m) there are, fo, many differences
between Heb. and 4, that it is to no purpofe for
me to note- them, unlefs I could undetftand one
or the other. Only in f 16, 17, 18, 19. thofe
lengths which' Heb. calls 500 reeds;, are in 4 500
cubits; which is plainly the truerreadingv For
the reed was 6 cubits ; and £00 reeds woiild make
2 the

'->

on the Old Testament. 203
the lengths therefpoken of 3000 cubits : Where-- Ezekiel..
as it is plain that the whole temple with all its
courts had no fuch length in it.
XLII I. 8. In fitting — their pofts by my pofts,
and the wall between me and them, they have, &c]
4,  polls, apd they have made, my wall as a
comnaon partition-wall between me and them;
they have defiled, Wc.
14, From the leffer fettle to the greater fettle
fhall be four cubits, and the breadth- one cubit.] 6,
as Eng. Caft. From the leffer fetole of the breadth
of one cubit to the greater fettle, fhall be four
cubits. 15. So the altar fhall be four cubits.] 4, The'
Ariel. That is, ajl that part of the altar 12 cubits
fquare and four high, which ftood above the
area that was 14 cubits broad.
2 1 . And he fhall burn it in the appointed place
of the houfe without the fancluary.] i, and Vulg.
In the feparate place, of the houfe [or, feparate
from the houfe] without the fanctuary.
The words in Eng. do contradict themfeives.
The command is no other than was always ob-
ferv'd by Mofes's law; That a fin-offering for
a prieft (as this was, f 19.) the blood fhould be
offer'd in; the temple, the flefh burnt in fome
profane place. And fo 4 is here.
XLIV. 1 . The way of the gate oj the outward
fati£luaryf] 4, The outer gate of -the fanctuary.
10, 11, 13, 15, The Levites that went- aftray
jrom me— Shall ftand- before the people to minifter
unto them—. But: they fljall not come near unto me,
to do. the office of a pried unto me — . But the priefts,
the fons of Zadok, they fhall come near to me, ta
minifter to me.] Many of the Chriftian clergy
now-a-days do inflict on themfeives that, difgrace
and punifhment, which God here inflicts on the
priefts

204 ' - Critical Notes
Ezekiel. prieftS'that had apoftatiz'd. They take to them
feives only that part of the divine office, which
is the miniftring to the people, in fermons, Wc.
leaving to their afliftants (whom they call their
curates) all that1 part of the office, which is the
miniftring to God, in prayers, Wc. This is to
make them their curates indeed ; *". e. the men
that muft take care of their fouls.
XLIV. 20. Neither Jhall theyjhave their heads,
nor ficffer their locks to grow long; they; Jhall only.
poll their heads.] 9, They fhall not fhave their
heads, nor make them bald of hair; they fhall
by all means cover their heads.
24. And in controversy they Jhall ftand in judg
ment.] 4, And in a controverfy of blood they
fhall ftand in judgment.
30. The firft of all the firft-jruits oj all things,
and every oblation of all of every fort of your obla
tions, fhall be the priefts.] 6, The firft-fruits of
all, and the firft-born of all, and all heave-offer
ings. ' -
XLV. 1. Ye Jhall offer an oblation to the Lord,
an holy portion oj the land: the length [Jhall be]
the length oj five and twenty thoufand [reeds,] and
the breadth [Jhall be] ten thoufand.] 6, — of the
land: the length five and twenty thoufand, and
the breadth twenty thoufand. 9 Aid. as Heb.
Ten thoufand.
Neither Heb. nor 4 does exprefs what meafures
thefe were, cubits or reeds. One would think
it to be reeds, becaufe the 25000 feems to be the
extent of all the country from eaft to weft. Now
25000 cubits make but about eight Englijh miles ;
but 25000 reeds make about fifty miles, which
may be about the breadth of Judea from 'the
fea to Jordan. But

on the Old Testament. 205
But on the other fide, a reafon that it fhould Ezekiel.
be cubits, is, that the text proceeding to fpeak
of the meafure of the temple, with its areas, or
courts, makes it 500 fquare ; which muft be 500
cubits fquare: for that was fpoken of before
(fee on ch. xiii. 1.) as the meafure of the tem
ple. Eng. as Trem. make it reeds. Caft. Cu
bits. Vulg. and 4 (as Heb.) leave it undeter-
min'd. As to the difference between Heb. (which here
and in. the following texts, makes the breadth of
the priefts part 10,000, and that of the Levites,
as much) and 4, which gives to each 20,000. of
breadth ; 'tis plain that Heb. is right written,
and 4 wrong. For the whole of the holy por
tion (or, exceptitium, as Caft. calls it) for priefts,
Levites, and city, was 25,000 fquare. Now if
the priefts had 20,000 breadth, and the Levites
as much, and the city 5000, one fide would be
45,000. But every fide of the fquare was 25,000.
And yet che fame difference is repeated in 6 fe
veral times.
XLV. 5. And the five and twenty thoufand of
length, and the ten thoufand of breadth jhall alfo
the Levites- — have for themfeives, for a poffejfion for
twenty chambers.] 6, Alfo five and twenty thou
fand of length, and twenty thoufand [lege, ten
thoufand] of breadth, fhall the Levites — have
for themfeives, for a pofleflion of cities to dwell
in. So many hundred acres of land were fitter for
cities and farms, than for chambers. Eng. by
putting in the particle, the, does marr the fenfe ;
for this was a new allotment.
7. And the length [of the prince's part] fhall be
over-againft one of the portions.] 0, < > be as one
of the portions.
XLV. 9.

206 Critical Notes
Ezekiel. XLV. 8. In the land Jhall be his'poffeffian'in
Ifrael, and my princes Jhall no more opprefs my peo
ple, Sec] i, And it fhall be his .poffeflion in IJ
rael, and the princes of IJrael fhall no more op
prefs my people.
Meaning (as the following words fhew) that
what the prince expends, fhall not be rais'd by
taxes and excifes on the people, but out of his
own lands, which are here order'd to be fet out
for him. The Englijh tranflation of Heb. fhould
have been, His poffeflion in Ifrael fhall be in land.
\ To fey, In the land, lofes the, fenfe. Vulg. De
terra erit, Wc.
1 3. This is the oblation that you Jhall offer ; the
fixth part oj an ephah oj an homer of wheat, and
ye Jhall give the fixth part oj an ephah of an ho
mer of barley.] L, This is what ye fhall offer for
firft-fruits, one fixth of an ephah out of an ho
mer of wheat, and one fixth of an ephah out of
an homer of barley.
So that the firft-fruits of wheat and barley was
to be a sixtieth part of the whole: for an ephah
is the tenth of an homer ; and fo the Jewijh
writers determine. See Dr. Wotton. The firft-
fruits of oyl were by Heb. in a leffer propor
tion. 14. Concerning the ordinance oj oyl, the bath of
oyl, [ye fliall offer] the tenth part of a bath out of
the cor, [which is] an homer of ten baths ; for ten
iaths are an homer. ] 0, The ordinance for oyl,
is, one cotyla out of ten cotyla's ; for ten coty-
la's make an homer.
The firft-fruits of oyl by Heb. is, an hundredth.
By 6, a tenth.
15. And one lamb — out of two hundred.] I Vat,
Alex. Aid. Out. of ten. Comp, Out of two hun
dred. XLV. 15.

on the Old TestAmen t. 207
XLV. 15. For a. meat-offering, ahd jor a burnt- Ezekiel.
offering, and .Jor peace-offerings.] 9, For facri
fices, and for a burnt- offering, and for peace-
offerings. It is not the cuftom of fcripture to call any
flefh a meat-offering. And the rule for meat
offerings comes after.
16. All the people ojthe land Jhall give this obla
tion jor the prince in IJrael.] i, and Vulg. are as
Heb. And yfet there feems to be fome miftake
in the writing: For all the preceding is of firft-
fruits, and the quantity of them. But they were
never given to the prince, but to the priefts.
Some tranflators rentier it here, To the prince:
Some (as ours) For the prince: Some (as Trem.
and Marg. Eng.) With the prince. The prince
being nam'd in the firft words of the next verfe
might perhaps give occafion to fome fcribe to
infert the word here.
20. And Jo Jhalt thou do on the Jeventh [day] oj
the month, jor every one that erreth, or is fimple:
Jo Jhall ye reconcile the houjef] 6 Vat. So fhalt
thou do on the feyenth month : on the firft day
of the month thou fhalt take of every one a por
tion [or, payment, diri^i^eiv] fo fhall ye recon
cile the houfe.
0 Vat. has nothing of erring or flmple. But
Alex, and Aid. have. The Heb. fcribe feems to
have written, Jeventh month, without naming the
day. 'And Eng. to have amended it wrong.
'XLVI. 17. But his inheritance Jhall be his ferns
jor them.] 0, But [a gift] of inheritance to his
fons fhall be theirs.
19. And behold, there was a place on the two
fldes weft ward.] Vulg. And behold there was a
place turning weftward. 0, And behold there
was a feparate place. See ch. xii. 12, 13.
XLVII. 1.

20% Critical Notes
Ezekiel. XLVII. i. Afterward he brought me again unto
ibe door of the houfe.] 6, jj;§o'9-yg<*.
This muft be the door of the v«is it felf where
the altar ftood.
2. Then brought he me out of the way of the
gate northward.] Out of the temple by the
way of the north-gate.
He was in the eaft-court, and wanted to come
to the outfide of the eafi-gate : but he could not
go out at the eafi-gate ; becaufe that was fhut,
ch. xliv. 1,2. fo he muft go round by the north-
gate. Ibid. Behold, there ran out waters, Sec] Thefe
waters iffuing out of the temple into the eaft-fea,;
or the valley of it, are prophefied of, not only
here (where every thing feems to be myftical )
but long before this time by Joel, ch. iii. 18.
And after this time by Zechary, ch. xiv. 8. to
flow into both feas.
XLVIII. 14. They jhall not fell of it, neither
exchange, nor alienate the firft-fruits of the lands
for it is holy unto the Lord.] 9,  nor fhall
the firftlings of that land, 7r$ur9ymjyidlct, be fet
apart [or, waved :] for it is holy to the Lord.
This may be a true reading : for whereas in all
the reft of the land the firftlings that open'd the
matrix were to be confecrated for the ufe of the
priefts, thefe need not, becaufe it was glebe-
land. 15. And the five thoufand. that are left in the
breadth over-againft the five and twenty thoufand,
Jhall be a profane place for the city.] 9, And the
five thoufand that are left of the five and twenty
thoufand, fhall be, Wc.
Of the 25,000 breadth, 20,000 had been dif-
pos'd of to the priefts and Levites: Thefe 5000
that were left, were for the city. The words
[over-
1

on the Old Testament. 209
fjover-againft] do here (as in many places ofEzekiel.
Eng) marr the fenfe.
XLIII. 27. By the border of Zebulun— — Gad a
portion.] None need wonder that in this distri
bution there fhould be feven tribes fet to th&
north, and brit five to the fouth: For if the
temple and city be to ftand where they did, the,
country fo bounded as is here directed, will have
its far greateft length to the north of the city.
Iri the mean while it is plain that the ten tribes,
as well as Judah and Benjamin, are to be reftor'd.
And fo it is in that vifion of the Revelation,
which is fomething like this, There are fealed of
every tribe twelve thoufand.
35. It was round about eighteen thoufand mea
fures.] i.e. Four-fquare; and every fide 4500,
aS was faid. If thofe meafures be reeds, the city
is nine Englijh miles fquare.
Daniel.
*7f\ANfEL was carried into captivity when
¦ *-J very young. In the fourth year of Jehoi
akim,- Nebuchadnezzar- having conquer'd Judea,
ofder'd fome of the choiceft boys for beauty and
wit of the blood royal and nobleft families to be
brought to Babylon ; who being educated three
years to the language and fciences of the Chal
deans, might be afterward fit to, ftand before
the king. At the end of which three years, in
the fecond year of Nebuchadnezzar (i. e. the fe
cond of his fole monarchy ; for his father was
livino- when he took Jerufalem) God revealed to
Daniel both the matter of Nebuchadnezzar's, dream
and the interpretatiftn of it, which is recited here
chap. ii. After which he was had in great- efteem,
honour, and preferment in that court and king-
Vol. II. P dom.

2io Critical Notes
dom. And he liv'd to fee the end of the Baby
lonian empire ; and under the Medo-Perflan em
pire was, in the time of Darius, and Cyrus, as
much, or more honour'd than he had beep un
der the other. He liv'd to the third year of Cy
rus, as appears chap. x. i. whether any longer
We know not. He muft then have been of a
great age: For fuppofing he was at the year
411 1. (when he interpreted Nebuchadnezzafs
dream) but 20, he would then be on the 3d of
Cyrus (4180.^89 years old.
The fubject on Which moft of his prophecies
ran, was, the ftate of the chief empires and
kingdoms that fhould be from his time to the
end of the world, the revolutions of the moft
prevailing dominions on the, earth: which are
by him fo plainly defcrib'd, that he that reads
them now, feems to himfelf to read a hiftory of
the world that had been written in the time of
the Roman empire, or, finCe that, in the pre
vailing times of Popery. Efpecially the fate of
his own nation, the Jews, and of the kingdoms
with which they fhould be chiefly concern'd ,
that of Egypt and that of 'Syria, is fo plainly
foretold, and the feveral oppreflions and reco
veries out of them, the feveral victories and de
feats, fo particularly exprefs'd; that any of the
kings of thofe times that made any great. expe
dition, might have feen beforehand in thefe books
what fuccefs he fhould have ; as Jofephus fays
Alexander did the fuccefs of his wars with Darius.
The utter defolation of Jerufalem and of the.
nation of the Jews, which he foretold fhould be
after ;the end of feventy weeljs, or 490 years"
;from a certain period which he mentions, "and
- fhould be not much above 550 from his own
time,; was very difpleafing to the Jews that liv'd near

on the Old Testament. 211
near the end of that time, and that have liv'd
fince it. They would underftand the words in
any other fenfe rather than in that which is the
plain and literal one ; and which the event of
that defolation continuing (now for above 1600
years; and to be continued, as our Saviour has
foretold, till the times of the Gentiles be ful
fill'd) does too plainly prove to them to have
been the true one. It muft be out of this diflike
of the book and that prophecy in it, and of the
prophecy that Meffiah fhould be cut off, that
they have fince the time of that defolation alter'd.
the place in which they put the book of Daniel
among their fcripture books.
It is plain by moft of the writers at and before
and foon after the time of that defolation, that
Daniel's book was accdunted one of the books of
the prophets, in an equal rank with thofe of I-
faiah, Jeremy, Ezekiel, Sec 'Tis true that 57-
racides, who, ch. 48, 49. mentions Ifaiah, Jere
my, Ezekiel, and the twelve minor prophets, has
no mention of Daniel. But our Saviour, Matt.
xxiv. 15. Mafcxm. 14. cites Daniel (and calls
him Daniel the prophet) as having prophefied
that defolation which was then near to come on
that nation, and did quickly come: And if the
unbelieving Jews do except againft his authority,
their oWn writers, Philo a little before the time
of that defolation, and Jofephus in and afcer
it, do cite Daniel as a prophet, and in fome re-
fpects the chiefeft of them. Jofephus, Archaol.
I. x. 11. obferves that he not only foretold th6
things that fhould be (as other prophets had
done) but alfo the times when they fhould. be ;
and particularly that defolation of the Jewifh na- '
tion by the Romans, which was then effected.
But the later Jews,, dividing their fcripture
books into the law, the prophets, and the hagio-
P 2 grapha

212 Critical Notes
grapha (which laft, they fay, were written wir.fr
a good arid holy fpirit, but not with a prophetic
fpirit) do put Daniel in the laft clafs. Which is,
among others, one of the plaineft proofs of their
aim to pervert the fenfe and authority of their
own fcriptures in their oppofition to Christianity.
The beginning of this book is written in He
brew to f 4. of chap, if, The following, to the
end of chap. vii. is in the Chaldee language, which
Daniel at that f 4. calls the Syriac ; and the laft
five chapters are, again in Hebrew. What the
reafon of this was, we can only guefs. He be
gan his book in his own native language. When
the affairs of the Babylonian kingsand their fpeech-
>es and edicts came to be difcours'd of, he wrote
the account of them in their own language : The
laft chapters which concern the world in general,
and the Jews more . particularly, are written in
the Jews language.
The old Greec tranflation (call'd the Septuagint
tranflation) of this book, is loft ; and there is
no Greec copy of it left entire, but Theodotion's.-
St. Hierom fays, the Chriftian church rejected
, the old one, which had been us'd by the Hel-
lenift Jews in our Saviour's time and before, for
that it was unskilfully drawn, and did not right
ly render the Hebrew. This would make a fcep-
tical man enquire -the more eagerly after it, as
wifhing to fee what material differences of the
prophecy there were in that old 4 tranflation from
the prefent Heb. or from Theodolion's which the
Christians preferr'd. But that great man Abp.
UJher has quell'd and fatisfied that curiofity. He
remember'd that Juftin Martyr, who wrote be
fore the time of Theodotion's tranflation, had inv.
his Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, largely cited
the" prophecies of Daniel. Which citations muft be

c» iffe Old Testament, 213
be out of the old o tranflation ; for they are not
Aquila's tranflation , as appears by comparing
many feraps of Aquila that are left. He copied
out the paffages of Juftin, and Tertullian, and
Clemens Alexandrinus, which. are the great and
chief parts of chap. vii. and chap. ix. of Daniel;
(and in them are the prophecies which a Chri
ftian would be inoft inquifitive to know) and
they do not in any matter of moment (but oply
in the Greec phrafe and expreffion) differ either '
from Heb. or from the tranflation of Theodotion,
which is now in our Greec bibles. Clem. Alex.
feems to have had Theodotion's tranflation •, for
he recites a] moft- the fame words. But Tertullian's
Latin muft have been from the old Vulgat or
Italic, which was before Theodotion's. time, and,
taken from the old Greec of 4. But there is no
difference of moment in any of them.
I fhall in my brief notes, where there is occa
fion to recite the Greec, fet the mark 4, to it ; it
being to us inftead of a,
II. 5. Your houfes jhall be made a dutigbilf] ?', DanieL '
Shall be pulled down. So iii. 29.
30. But for [their] fakes that Jhall make known
the interpretation to the king] 0, But that the in
terpretation fhould be made known to the king.
So Vulg.
33. His feet part of fron, and part of clay.] I,
and Vulg. Of potters ware. • So in the texts fol
lowing. 34. A ftone was cut out without hands.] 4, and
Vulg. Was parted from a mountain withou t hands.
That this of 6 is the true reading, fee f 45.
40. Forajmucb as iron breaketh. in pieces, and
fubdueth all things ; and as iron that breaketh all
thefe, fhall it break in pieces and bruife.] 0, and
Vulg. As iron breaketh in pieces, and fubdueth
P 3 ' all

214 Critical Notes
Daniel, all things ; fo that [the fourth kingdom] fhajl
break in pieces, and fubdue* all.
The prefent Chald. has the former claufe writ
ten twice.
II. 41. Miry clay.] 6, '0?f«W
49. But Daniel [Jat] in the gate oj the king]
4, Was in the king's court.
Notwithftanding all this, and that this king
owns, f- 47. that the God of the Jews was God
of Gods •, yet he in a while after robb'd and de
ftroy'd his 'temple.
III. 1. Nebuchadnezzar the king made an image
of gold.] 0, In the eighteenth year of Nebuchad
nezzar, the king made an image of gold. •
This date is not, it feems, in Chald. It is
difficult to be accounted for: For he was from
the latter part of his 17th year t6 fome part of
his 19th year employ'd'in his wars againft- Egypt
and fiege of Jerujalem. Daniel is not mention'd
in this trial : Perhaps he was abfent fomewhere
elfe.- 2 2 . The flame of the fire flew thoje men that
took up Sfjadrach, Mejhach, Sec] 4 Alex, is as
Chald. But the other editions have not thiscJaufe.
23. Fell down bound into the midft oj the hum->
ing fiery jurnace.] - Here o'adds, And walked
about in the midft of the fire praifing and blef-
fing God. And in the next verfe, The king
heard them firiging, Wc
If this addition of 4- be true, the fire, that
confumed nothing elfe of theirs, muft have con-
fumed their bonds. 4 it felf fays they were thrown
in bound, ¦nmih^ivoi.
25. The jorm oj. the jourth is like the Son of
God.] Here a fcholion fays, that the old Sep
tuagint tranflation was, is like an angel oj God.
And thofe old tranflators do indeed generally
.-.,,, , , ,. .--,,. , render

on the u l d iestament. 215
render the word [Son of God] fo. See f 28. Daniel-
Perhaps Eng. might be more properly exprefs'd,
Is like a Son of God: for 'tis not likely that he
had any notion of one fon of God.
III. 29. / make a decree, that every people, na
tion, &c. which jpeak • any thing amifs againft the
God of Shadrach, Mejhacb, Sec] This fhews
the date of 4, placing this at his 1 8th year, to
be wrong: For in his 18th or 19th year, he
himfelf burnt God's temple. The chronology
of Marg. Eng. fets this image at his 24th year.
IV. 8. Whoje ndme [was] Beltejhazzar -—— in
whom is the Jpirit oj the holy gods. ] 9, Whofe
name is Baltazar — ; — who has in him the holy
Spirit of God. ' So f 9, and 18.
9. Tell me, the vifions of the dream that f lave
Jeen, and the interpretation thereof.] 9, Hear thou
the vifion of the dream that I have feen, and
tell me the interpretation thereof.
This dream was not like that of chap. ii. where
Daniel was to tell the dream and interpretation
too. He had, f 7. told the magicians the dream :
but they could not interpret it. And f 8. he
told Daniel the dream, and would not now ask
what it was-
13. Behold, a watcher, arid' a holy one' came.
. down from heaven.] Theodotiop, keeps the origi
nal word e?'p. A fcholion fays that 4 had tranf
lated. it, .wf^eA©-. Vulg. is as Eng.
15. Leave the flump of his roots in the earth-—.
in the tender graft of the field.] 6, — — r and with
a tender fhoot without.
zy. Break off' thy fins by righteoufnefs, Sec— if it
may be a lengthening of thy tranquillity. ] 0, and
Vulg Redeem thy fins by alms-deeds, Wc— per
haps God will, be merciful to thy offences.
P4 IV. 29,

216 Critical Notes
Daniel. IV- 29. At the end of twelve months be walked
in the palace' [Marg. upon the palace] of the king
dom of Babylon.] 6, — -  upon the temple 6f
his kingdom in Babylon'.'
' I fuppofe, upon the temple of BeU of a vaft
height, where he might overlook all the city.
33. Till his hairs were grown like eagles [fea
thers.] 9, Till his hair was grown rough [or,
big] as that of lions.'
36. My reafon returned unto me; and for the
glory of my kingdom, mine honour and brigbtnefs
returned unto me.] 4,  — and I came to the
honour of my kingdom, and my fhape was re
stored. V. 10. New the queen by reafon of the words of
the king anfl his lords, 'came into the banquet- houfe.]
6, Now the queen came into the banquet-houfe,
and faid, Wc.
1 1 . Wifdom like the wifdom of the Gods, was.
found in him ; whom the king Nebuchadnezzar thy
father, the king [I fay] thy father made mafteroj
the magicians.] ^,/Underftanding and' wifdom
was found in him ; whom king Nebuchadnezzar
\... thy father made matter of the magicians. ' '
VII. 9. I beheld till the thrones were caft down,
and the antient oj days did fit.] 4, I beheld till
there were feats [or, thrones] placed, and the
ancient, Wc.
':-. 12. As jor the reft oj the beafts, they had their
dominion taken away-: yet their lives were prolonged
for a Jeajon and a time.] 0,*  beafts, their do
minion was transferred, [or, changed; pekffditf]
and a continuance of life was given them, Wc.
13. And behold, [one] like the Son ojman came
with the clouds oj heaven.] This is the first time
that the, term. Son 'of man, is given to any that was

pn the 0 l d T e s t a m e n t. 217
was more than man: It had been given to Eze- Daniel.'
pel often.
VII. 17, 18. Thefe greatfieafts, which are four,
[are] four kings, [which] fhall arife out of the
'earth. But the faints of the moft High Jhall take the
kingdom.^] 4, Thefe four great beafts are four
kingdoms that fhall arife upon the earth ; which
fhall be taken away ; and the feints of the moft
High fhall take, Wc. Juft. Mart. Which fhall
perifh from the earth. But it feems a miftake
of the fcribe.
20. And of the other [horn] before whom three
fell] 4, •  which thrult out three of the
former. 23. The fourth kingdom upon earth, which fhall
be diverfe from all kingdoms.] 0,  fhall furpafs
all the kingdoms.
24. Ten horns — ten kings that fhall arife: and
another fliall rife after them, and he fhall be diverfe.
jrom the firft, and he Jhall fubdue three kings.] 9,
 — and he will exceed in mifchiefs all that
were before him, and fhall bring low three kings.
Vulg. is favourable to this horn, and fays only,
Potentior erit prioribus, W tres. reges humiliabit.
25. 'Until a time and times and the dividing, of
time.] 'Vulg. Tempus & tempora & dimidium
tempons. 4, 'Ea!? kou^S k^ x.xi^cav iL nfM<r\> xoupS.
VIII. 1 1 . And the place of the fancluary was
caft down.] 6, And the fanctuary fhall be made
defolate. 13. The fancluary and the hoft to be trodden un
der foot ? ] 9, How long — that the fanctuary
and the ^v»p,ig fhall be trodden under foot?
Vulg. < — that the fanctuary and the' Jortitudo fhall
be trpdden, Wc.
At f 9. the Jwapus of 4, and the jortitudo of
Vulg. are in Eng. the pleafant land. And if it be
taken

£i-8 Critical Notes
Daniel, taken fo here, the queftion ask'd is, How long
the temple, and the holy city, or, holy land,
fhould be profan'd by Antiochus ?
VIII. 14. And he faid unto me, Unto two thou-
Jand and three hundred days ; [Marg. Heb. even
ing morning] then Jhall the Jantluary be cleanfed.}.
4, And he laid to him, Till evening and morn
ing days, two thoufand four hundred ; and the
fanctuarjftfhall be cleanfed. So 4 Vat. But A-
lex. Aid. Comp. Two thoufand three hundred.
This fpace of time from the beginning of the
profanation by Antiochus tq the cleanfing of the
fanctuary, is often fpoken of .in this book ; or,
at leaft, numbers which are obvipufly taken to
fignify that fpace. But in all the other, places
the number is much lefs than that which is men
tion'd here. In chap. xii. 7. (where the fame
thing feems to be meant) it. is exprefs'd, A time.
fimes, and a half; which all interpreters, , I
think, expound three years and a half: which
makes days 1260, if they be reckon'd without
any intercalation. At f 11, the number is 129c.
And at f 12, reckoning to a period fomething
farther, 1335. In books written after the com
pletion of this prophecy, it is faid in 1 Macch.
i. 54. that on the 15th day of Kifteu, in the
145 th year of the Seleucidce, they fet the abomi
nation of defolation on the a'ltar. And ch. iv.
52. that on the 25th of Kifteu in the 148th year
[ann. Per. Jul. 4549.] Judas and the people,
having cleanfed the temple, offer'd burnt- offer
ings on the new altar. And yet at f 54, that
on the fame day on which the altar had been
defil'd, it was now again fanctified, viz. the
fame day three years: which might make one
guefs that at the forefaid chap. i. 54, the num
ber 15 fhould be 25. And the rather becaufe
Jofephus,

on thf Old Testament. 219
Jofephus, I. xii. 7. reciting this hiftory (from Daniel. *
that book of Maccbabees, I fupppfe) calls it the '
'25th. He fays, that in the 143d year Antfocbus
having been fprc'd by the Romans to leave E-
gypt, took Jerufalem, and carried away great
fpoils: And that two years after, in the 145th
year, on the 25th day of that month which we,
fays he, call Cbafieu, and. the Romans, December,
he came again to Jerujalem, and did the things
there related, in profanation of the temple and
the altar. And ch. xi. relating the reftauration.
pf it by Judas Maccbab* fays, it was on the
fame day three years. The defolation happen'd
in the 145th year, and the temple was purified
on the fame day in the year 148. And fays,
This defolation happen'd according as Daniel
had foretold 408 years before. And yet he him
felf had at /. x. c. xi. reciting fome of the pro
phecies of Daniel, faid, That he foretold that
this Antiochus fhould confound the efiate of the
temple, and hinder the facrifices for 1296 days.
So it is in my edition, where the 6 is doubtlefs
wrongly added~by fome fcribe or printer. But
however, the number is more than can be
brought into the fpace of three years: And Jo-
jephus himfelf, in the preface to his books de
Bello, fays, Anfiochus took the city of Jerujalem,
ancl poffeffed the fame for the fpace of three
years and fix months. ' And at feveral places in
that book names the fame fpace.
For this difference of numbers in the copies,
we muft note, that fuch kind of opprefflons,
and perverfions of Qod's worfhip in a nation,
do always begin by degrees: So .that according
to the different degrees of profanation of which
a writer fpeaks, the beginning of it may be de-
duc'd from earlier or from later dates. So here,
 .."':,. though

220 Critical Notes
Daniel, though the higheft prevalence of this heathenifm
and profanation ,," the total difufe of the daily
facrifice, and of all offices of the temple, Wc..
began but in the 145th year, which was the ninth
year of Antiocbus's reign ; and laftdd from thence
three years and a part (which is the refult of any
of the forefaid ieffer numbers) yet the public en
couragement and great fpreading of this athejfm
and apoftacy had begun in the former years of
his reign ; as we fee in 1 Maccbab. i. 12-16. and
the temple and daily facrifice had been much
neglected. And then* in the 143d year (the 7th
of his reign) he robb'd the temple ofalmoft all
its utenfils, and encourag'd great numbers to
renounce the Jewiph religion, f 22-30. till at
laft came his abfolute and tyrannical edi£l for
the total forbidding any practice of it.
So that to the q'ueftion, How long Jhall be the
vifion concerning the daily [facrifice,} The tranj-
greffion, &c. The fancluary and holy land to be
trodden under foot? the anfv/er 2300 days (which
makes fix years and a part) is agreeable enough
to the event.
Yet it is pofiible many readers will think that
here alfo has been an error of the fcribes, writing
in Heb. 2300, (and in 4, 2400) inftead pf 1300.
which would more eafily be conceiv'd to agree
with the other in chap. xii. and is middle be
tween the differences of them.
It is plain that St. John in the Revelation,
where he foretels an apoftacy and conculcation
of religion of a much longer duration ( being to
be, as moft underftand it,- of as many years as
this was days) does in his expreffions aitn at an
analogy to thefe places of Daniel ; calling it
fometimes, as Daniel does here, A time', and
times, and an half [or, part] of a tim'e; and
fometimes

on the Old Test ament. 221
fometimes 42 months, and, when by days, 1260 Daniel-
clays: each of which fums amounts to three years
and about a half: or, as it is in St. John to be
underftood, as many years as three years and a
half has days.
VIII. 17. At the time of the end [fhall be] the
vifion.] 6, At the end of the time.
18. As he was fpeaking with me, I was in
a deep fieep on my face toward the ground. ] 6,
and Vulg. and Caft. — *-I was greatly affrighted,
and fell— -t. So #18.
19. For at the time appointed the end fhall be.]
6, The vifion fhall be at the end of the time.
23. When the tranjgreffors are come to the full,
a king of fierce countenance, and underftandingdark
fentences, fhall ftand up. ] 4, and Vulg. When
iniquity fhall abound [or, be full] a king of an
impudent face, and underftanding fophifms, fhall
arife. 24. He fhall deftroy wonderfully.] 4, Corrupt
wonderfully. Vulg. Supra quam credi poteft, uni-
verfa vaftabit; do more mifchief than could
have been thought.
25. And through his policy alfo be Jhall cauje
craft to projper in his band. } 4, The yoke of
his collar fhall profper : deceit [or, hypocrify]
fhall be in his hand.
Ibid. By peace he Jhall deftroy many: he Jhall
ftand up alfo againft the prince of princes ; but he
fhall be broken without hands.] 4, By hypocrify
he fhall corrupt many ; and by the fall [or, de-
flruction] of many he fhall ftand, and he fliall
crufh them as eggs in his hand.
26. And the vifion of the evening and morning,
which was told, is true.] True, z. e. to be un
derftood in its proper and ordinary fenfe. The
days which are number'd in it at f 14. are fo
6 many

222 Critical Notes
Daniel rriany natural days ; and therefore call'd, evening
morning days.
IX. 17. Caufe thy jace to Jhine upon thy Janc-
tuaff thai is defolate, jar' the Lord's Jake.] 9, and
Vulg.  for thine own fake, O Lord.
24. Severity weeks' are determined upon thy * peo
ple, and upon thy holy city, to finijb the tranfgref-
fion, and to make ctn end oj fins, and to make recon
ciliation for iniquity, and to bring in' everlafting
righteoufnefs, and to feal up' the vifion arid prophecy,
and to anoint the moft holy.] Marg. Eng. for [fi-
nifh ] has [ reftrairi ; ] and for [make an end of
fins] has [feal up fins;] and for [prophecy] has
[prophet.] Aq. Ts teA£<t«* T)jV ddriirloiv, ^ ts rtXetoSext tijV
duapJUv, xj'TS lfiA«oi#o&,<*«' tjjV dvouiaiv, — — k, rg
tiXiccu 9^»iA-xhf[*ov' X] wgoyi/rttiv, th uAetycu tiyieit-
ftswv, Wc.
Ar. Mont. ¦ ¦¦¦ to anoint holinefs of holi-
rieffes. 4 Vat. Severity weeks are determined' [or, cut
out] upon thy people and upon the holy city,
that tranfgreflion may be finifhed, and to feal
up fin, arid to wafh off [or, blot out] iniquities,
and to make reconciliation for fins, and to bring
in everlafting righteoufnefs, arid to feal up vifidri
and the prophet, and to anoint' the Holy of Hp-
lies. Tertull.adv.Judceas, Seventy weeks are abbre
viated upon thy people, and upori the holy city,
until the offence be antiquated [iriveteretur] and
fins be fealed up, and wickednefles be pardoned
[exorentur] and everlafting righteoufnefs be
brought in, and the vifion and the prophet be
fealed, and He that is the Holy of Holies be
anointed. This

on the Old Tes.t amen t. 223
This muft be tranflated outof the old 4 that Daniel.
was in ufe before Theodotion's tranflation. And
in fome copies of 4 there is ftill found the old
word, t? 7r«A«««8tjv«« to 7roi,^d,7rrup,9i.
Vulg. Seventy weeks are abbreviated upon thy
people, and upon thy holy city, that tranfgref-
fion may be finifhed, and fin may have an end,
and iniquity may be blotted out, and everlafting
righteoufnefs may be brought in, and the vifion
and prophecy may be fulfilled, and He that is
the Holy of Holies may be anointed.
IX. 25, 26. Know therefore and underftand that
Jrom the going jorth of the commandment to reftore
and to build Jerufalem, unto the Meffiah the prince
.Jhall be Jeven weeks and threejcore and two weeks
the ftreet Jhall be built again, and the wall, even
in troublous times. And after threejcore and two
weeks Jhall Meffiah be cut off, but not for bimfeljy
&c] Thefe words will be read in a different
fenfe, according as the flops and punctuations
and expletives are put to them.' For if a flop
be put after Jeven weeks, the fenfe will be, that
to Meffiah the prince there would be Jeven weeks :
and then during 62 weeks following Meffiah
would continue, and then be cut off. But if the
flop be put thus ; Unto" Meffiah the prince Jhall
be Jeven weeks and threefcore and two weeks. The
flreet fhall be built, Sec
Then it was to be 69 weeks to Meffiah thf
prince. Some few late editors have put the flops in
the former way : Ar. Mont, and Trem. and Eng.
which has follow'd Trem. almoft without referve.
And, (to fay the truth) both Eufebius and Clem.
Alex, do feem by their difcourfes on the fubject
of this place, to have read fo, and underftood
it fa. And therefore they, by X^rS jyvpivis (which in
6

224 Critical Notes
tjavieli in Eng is, Meffiah the prince) do not underftand
Pur Saviour Jefus Chrift, nor any one perfon ;
but indefinitely, an anointed governor, or, ajet-
iled government: and Eujebius exprefly explains!
it to be, The feries and fucceffion of the high
priefts who had the government till Herod's time.
- In which way of expounding, the fenfe would
be, that from the rebuilding of the city there
fhould be feven weeks, i. e. 49 years before any
fettled government eftablifh'd : And when one
was eftablifh'd, it fhould after 62 weeks, i.e. 434
years more, be cut off, or, abolifhed.
But Tertullian (who muft have had a tranfla
tion from the old 4} ends the period with a flop
after the 62 weeks ; and argues againft the Jews,
that Meffiah muft have been come, and alfo have
been cut off, at the end of 7 weeks and 62 weeks,
. i.e. 69 weeks, i. e. 483 years after the time fet
by Daniel: And that the end of thofe years was
then paft by above 160 years; and confequently
that Jefius was He. And his copy has the par
ticle et, beginning a new fentence, immediately
after the number of weeks, and before the build-'
ing again of the street. And fo has Thebdotioh in
all the copies of his tranflation, except that in
Clem. Alex. And fo have almoft all Christians,
except thofe that 'I mention'd, ever read the
place, and have fo underftood it. The prefent
^tranflation (i.e. Theodotion's) is thus:
. 4, Know therefore and underftand that from
the going forth of the word ts <*7roK£»S;jV<** [which
is a falfe-written word for ajroxotaijawi,' or fome
fuch word fignifying refiore] to reftore and to
build Jerujalem, unto XfisS ^ytspiiva, the Chrift
the Governor [or, 'the anointed prince, or go
vernor] are [or, fhall be] weeks feven and three
fcore and two. And the ftreet and the wall fhall
return

on the Old Tes Ta me St. 225,
teturn and be built [i. e. be built again] andDamel;
the times iXKtvuQyfavlxt [for ixx-ouviodijmvleu ; fee Ter-
tullian] fhall be void [or, .ftraightned, or, re
newed] And after the threefcore and two weeks
the anointing fhall be deftroyed [or, abolifhed]
and no judgment fhall be in it.
The laft of thefe claufes was by Aquila and
Symmachus tranflated thus ;
Aq. And after the feven weeks and the fixty
two , the anointed fliall be deftroyed ; ^ ¦?,-&
hiv eujfia ' and fhall have nothing [ or , be no
more.] Symm. And after the feven weeks and the
fixty, two, the Anointed [or, the Chrift]
fhall be cut off; jc, a'a \sard^et ewiS- and there
fhall not be to him [or, he shall have nothing.]
Vulg. Know therefore and underftand that from
the going forth of the word for the rebuilding
of Jerujalem unto Chrifium due em , the Chrift
the captain [or, the anointed captain] feven
Weeks and fixty two weeks fhall be. And the
flreet fhall be built again, and the walls, in
ftraightnefs of time. And after the fixty two
Weeks .the Chrift fhall be killed : and his people
that fhall deny him, fhall not be [or,fhall be no
more.] So it ftands in the prefent prints of Vulg. Et
non erit ejus populus qui eum negaturus eft. But
there is no doubt but that formerly the period
ended at et non erit. The other words have been
by the fcribes borrow'd from thenext claufe.
Tertull. Know, and mind, and underftand :
from the going forth of the word for resto
ring and rebuilding Jerujalem , ' unto Chriftum
ducem , the anointed captain , fhall be feven
weeks and a half, and fixty tv/o weeks and a
half. And it fhall return and be built with joy-
Vol. II. Q fulnefs,

ii6 Critical Notes
Daniel, fulnefs, and to a convallation [or, entrenching*}
and the times fhall be renewed. And after thefe
fixty two weeks the anointing fhall be extir
pated, and fhall not be.
There is great difference in tranflating the
¦words which in Eng. are, Meffiah the prince.
Ar. Mont. Unctum ducem. Tertull. Se Vulg.
.Chriftum ducem. Caft. Meffiam principem.
Trem. Chriftum anteceflorem.
And the words [but not for himfelf.]
Marg, Shall have nothing. 6, No judgment'
Jhall be in it. Vulg. There Jhall not be to him.
Tertull. And Jhall not be. Ar. Mont. And not
to him. Caft. And be forfaken. Trem. And it
Jhall be nothing fo 'him. The phrafe commonly
fignifies, Shall be no more ; which they that ap
ply it to Chrift in this place, expound, He
afcending into heaven fhall be no more feen on
earth. The number of years meant by the feventy
Weeks* Viz. the 490 years, fome, who liv'd be
fore the skill in chronology was brought to any
perfection, begin at the firft of Cyrus, when a
commiffion was given to Zorobabel to build the
temple: Some at the fecond of Darius, when
the fame commiffion was renew'd cum effefiu:
Some at the feventh of Artaxerxes, when Ezra ;
and fome at the 20th, when Nehemiah, were
commiffion'd. All chronologers almofl now fix the beginning
on one or the other of thefe laft, as being about
490 years before Chrift's death, which was ann.
4746. Concerning the 13 years difference that
is between them , and the queftions about the
year of Artaxerxes beginning, Themiftocles's flight,
Wc. the large debates that have been of late,
have nothing more, of citations or proofs (nor,
I think*

* on the Old Testament. 227
I think, fo much) as what bifhop Montague, in Daniel.
canvafling the queftion pro W contra, produc'd
long ago in his Apparat. 2. who concludes that
either fide may be maintain'd ; and that the
fcripture in fetting down large numbers, is noc
to be underftood with a precife limitation to a
day, or a month, or a year. None of late be
gin at Cyrus, but Trem. who makes but 7 weeks,
or 49 years, from the ift of Cyrus to the 20th
of Artaxerxes: A man very learned in many
points; but leaft of all in chronology.
Some modern calculators make the 70 weeks
end, not at 'Christ's death, 4746. but at the de-
ftruction of Jerujalem, 4783. anno Dom. 70.
Thefe confequently muft begin them much later ;
about theyear4293. which was after Artaxerxes'^
death. They help themfeives a little by taking
the years tohave been Chaldaic of only 360 days:
and then 490 will make but 483 Julian years ;
which will allow the 70 weeks to begin a little
before Artaxerxes's death.
IX. 26. And the people oj the prince that Jhall
come, Jhall deftroy the city and the Jancluary ; and
the end ther evj jhall' be with a flood, and unto the
sndoftbe war defalations are determined.] 4, and
Tertull, And he fhall deftroy the city and the
fanctuary- with the prince [or, captain, or, ge
neral] that cometh ; and they fhall be cut off
.asjn.a flood, and to the end of the war that is
.determined for defolations [or, as it is in Clem.
Alex. They are determined for defolations.]
Neither 6, nor Tertull. nor Clem. Alex, have
any thing here for [people: ] But 4 has the word
*<*£« (which UJher thinks fhourd be «¦*£«) before
«^>*via-^orf , which cannot be brought jnro any
conftruction. Nor is it in Clem. Alex', or Ter*
.tullian. Q. % Vulg,

228 Critical Notes
Daniel. Vulg. And a people with the captain that fhall'
come, fhall deftroy the city and the fanctuary:
and the end fhall be a devastation ; and after the
end of the war there is determin'd a defolation.
Some interpreters here at f 27. inftead of the
word defolation, fet the word defolator; and ap
ply it to a revenge that fliould be taken on thofe
that brought on the defolation.
IX. 27. And he fhall confirm the covenant with
many jor one week: and in the midft oj the week
he jhall cauje the Jacrifice and the oblation to ceaje.]
6, and Tertull. And one week fhall confirm the
covenant to many: and in the midft of the week
my facrifice and oblation [a-wovfrj, drink-offering]
fhall be taken away. So Vulg.
Ibid. And jor the overjpreading oj abominations
he Jhall make it defolate, even until the confummat
tion, and that determined, fhall be poured upon the
defolate.] 6, and Tertull. And there fhall be the
abomination of defolations in the holy place: and
. unto the end of the time a completion fhall be
given upon the defolation.
Vulg. . And there fliall be in the temple the
abomination of defolation : and the defolation
fhall continue till the confummation, and till the
end. Here is an inftance of the Hebrew text defec
tive and mutilated by fcribes. The words as
they are in Heb. do hardly bear any conftruction ;
and. our Saviour cites this place at Matt. xxiv.
15. When ye Jhall Jee the abomination oj dejolation
Jpoken oj by Daniel the prophet, ftand in the holy
place i and bids the reader mind well the pro-
.phecy : and yet in Heb. now there is nothing, for
[holy place.] But in 0, and Tertull. and Vulg.
and all ancient citations there is : and if the Jews
except
^ ¦- (a;

on the Old Testament. 229
except againft them, it is in their own Theodo- Daniel.
tion. 1 know not whether Vulg. does well to fay
[temple] inftead of [holy place.] That land
was call'd the holy land ; and the city, the holy
city. And our Saviour feems to understand, by
the abomination of defolation in [or, upon] the
holy place, Jerujalem encompajjed with armies;
Luc xxi. 20. compar'd with the other texts.
X. 1 . And the thing was true ; but the time ap
pointed was long : and he underftood the thing, and
had under/landing oj the vifion.] 9, And the ac
count was true; and great power and under-
ftanding was given him in the vifion. Vulg. And
the word was true ; and the power great : and
he^underftood the word : for there is need of un-
derftanding in the vifion.
The word, or thing, was true; i. e. meant in
a proper fenfe, not figuratively. Neither 4,
nor Vulg. have any thing here of the time being
long. At ^14. they have. It gives the hiftory
of future things from the time of Cyrus to the
end of Antiochus Epiphanes, 370 years.
9. And when I heard the voice oj his words, then
was I in a deep fieep on my face, and my face to
ward the ground.] 9,.  1 was in a great con-
fternation, and my face on the ground.
He was not afleep ; for he heard the words.
1 3 . But the prince of the kingdom of Perfia with-*
fiood me one and twenty days : but lo, Michael one
cf the chief princes came to help me, and I remained
there with the kings of Perfia.] 4, And the ruler
of the kingdom of Perfia ftood againft me one-
and twenty days : and lo, Michael one of the
chief rulers came to help me, and I left him.
there with the ruler of the kingdom of Perfia.
0 3 I know

23° Critical Notes
Daniel. I know not what this is, unlefs (according to
Origen' s opinion) fome angels do" preside over,
and have a particular care of, fome particular
countries or kingdoms. But 'tis wonder that one
good angel fhould withftand another.
Trem. thinks, that by the ruler of the king
dom of Perfia is meant, not any angel, but
Ca-mbyfes, who in his father's abfencerul'd JVr/za,
and oppos'd the return of the Jews and the build
ing of their temple.
X. 15. 1 became dumb.] 4, I was in a con-
fle.nation. Vulg. Tacui.
20. And when I am gone forth, lo, the prince
of Grecia Jhall come. ] 0, and Vulg. And I went
out, and the ruler of Grecia came in.
XI. 1. Alfo I, in the firft year of Darius the
Mede, even I ftood to confirm, Sec] 4, Alfo I,
in the firft year of Cyrus, ftood up with ftrength
. and power. '
Meaning, I fuppofe, that he, this angel, ftirr'd
up Cyrus [or Darius, as Heb. is] to favour the
Jews. 2. There fhall ftand up yet three kings in Perfia,
and the fourth Jhall be Jar richer than they all:
and — Jhall ftir up all againft the realm oj Grecia.]
Three king^, Cyrus, Cambyfes, Darius Hyftafpis;
and Xerxes, the fourth.
6, —  fhall ftand up againft all the king
doms of the Grecians.
3. And a mighty king fhall ftand up.] J. e. A
mighty king of Grecia, viz. Alexander the Great,
Here the angel paffesover all the remaining kings
of Perfia ; Artaxerxes, . the fon of this Xerxes,
who reign'd 40 years, and tinder whofe protec
tion and favour the city was built by Nehemiah ;
gad all the following kings to Darius the laft,

wffe Old Testament. 231
who loft all to Alexander ; the fpace of an hun- Daniel.
tired years.
XI. 4. His kingdom fhall be plucked up, even
for others befides thofe.] 9 Alex. — — - up, and be
given, to others, different from thefe.
Viz. From thofe of his posterity, which had
been mention'd.
5. The king of the Jbuth fliall be ftrong, and
[one] oj his princes ; and he Jhall be ftrong abdve
him.] 9,  ftrong : and one of his captains
fhall be ftrong above him.
Ptolomy and Seleucus had been, each of them,
captains under Alexander. Ptolomy, when king
of the South, Viz. Egypt, was' ftrong : But Se-,
leucus, one of his [viz. Alexander's] captains,
was ftrong above him.
6. And in the end oj years they Jhall join them
feives together ; jor the king's daughter of the fioutb
Jhall come to the king of the north to make an agree
ment.] At the end of 20 years from the death
of Ptolomy Lagi and Seleucus, Ptolomy Phila»
delpb. fhall give his daughter Berenice in mar
riage to Antiochus Theus, 4453.
Ibid. But Jhe Jhall not retain the power ojthe
arm , neither Jhall he ftand, nor his arm ; but jhe
fliall be given up, and they that brought her, &c]
0,  arm ; neither fhall his feed fiand, Wc—
But fhe fhall be murdered, and her fon which
fhe had by Theus, 4468.
7. But out of a branch offitr root Jhall one ftand
Up —  and Jhall enter into the jortrejs oj the king
ojthe north, Sec] A king out of the fame root
that fhe sprang of, a brother of hers, Ptolomy
Euergetes, fliall ftand up  and overcome the
king of the north, Seleucus Callinicus — and fhall
ravage his country, and return into»Egypt with
the fpoils, 4469. J^H* XI, 10,

£32 ' Critical Notes
Daniel. XI. 10. But his [the king of the north, Seleu
cus Callinicus's] Jons jhall be ftirred up — and [one].
fhall certainly come and overflow, and pajs through,
&c] Gf the fons of Callinicus one, viz. Antio
chus [afterward call'd Magnus] fhall come and
conquer Ccele-Syria and Judea.
ii, 12. And the king oj the Jouth Jhall be moved
with choler< — and fight with the king of the north :
and he [the king of the north] fliall fet forth a
great midtitude , but the multitude fhall be given
into his [the king of the fouth's] hand  And
he fhall caft down many ten thoufands ; yet Jhall
not prevail.]. Ptolomy Philopator king of Egypt,
fhall come with his army into Syria, and fight
with and conquer Antiochus Magnus at Raphia,
4498. and fhall do much mifchief to the city
and people of the Jews, and the reft of the coun
try. See the third book of Macchabees ; and
Jojephus, Antiq. xii. c. 3, But he fhall be driven
out' again.
1 3 . For the king oj the north Jhall return, Sec.
,— after certain years with a great, Sec] When
Philopator fhall be dead, 45 n. Antiochus fhall
come and retake Ccele-Syria and Judea, after
the king of Egypt had had poffeflion 12 pr 13
years. 1 6. And he [the king of the north] Jhall ftand
in the glorious land which by his hand Jhall be con,-
Jumed.] 4, TtAtS-na-ilxt. 4 Alex. 2uv7eAsc9-ijV$7«*.
Jojephus fays, that Antiochus Magnus was no
enemy to the Jews, but rather a friend ; but yet
that in his time the city and country was very
much harafs'd : For iri the wars between him
and the Egyptians, which fide foever got the bet
ter, Judea lying between them, was endamag'd
jby the y/ats.,

jb/^Old Testament. 233:
XI. 17. And upright ones with him — and heDdniel.
fhall give him [the king of the fouth] the daughter
oj women corrupting her : but fie fiall not fland
on his fide, nor be for him.] i, and Vulg. And
fhall do upright things with him—. And he fhall
give, Wc.
The hiftory makes againft the reading of 4 and
Vulg. concerning his dealing uprightly. For it
is generally underftood that the reafon of his
giving his daughter Cleopatra to this young king
Ptolomy Epiphanes, was a defign of betraying
him, as the context alfo intimates.
18. A prince for his own behalf fiall caufe the
reproach offered by bim lo ceafe ; without his own
reproach he fiall caufe it to return upon him.] 0
here is very confus'd.
Vulg. He fhall caufe to ceafe the prince of his
reproach: his reproach fhall be turned upon
him. Caft. A certain governor [or, government]
will fo quell the reproach which he fhall offer it,
that he will not again affront it.
The Romans, whom he had defy'd and pro-
vok'd, did in a great battle fo vanquifh his whole
power, and took fo much of his dominions, and
fet fuch an immenfe fine upon him, that he never
made head againft them any more, 4525. but
two years after was flain as he was robbing a
temple to get money to pay the Romans ; as it
is in the next verfe.
20. Then fiall ftand up in his ftead a raifer of
taxes in the glory of the kingdom, Sec. ] Vulg. —
a vile perfon, unworthy of the glory of the
kingdom. Caft. — ¦  a tyrant that will transfer the
glory of the kingdom. Seleucus

i234 Critical Notes
pafiel. Seleucus Philopator., He was forc'd to ufe great
exactions in order to pay the griping Romans.
He, or his officer Heliodorus, attempted to rob
the temple. He was eldest fon of Antiochus Mag
nus, reign'd eleven years to 4538.
XI. 21. And iri bis eft ate Jhall ftand up a vile
per Jon- — fiall obtain the. kingdom by flatteries.] 0,
and V"lg  a contemptible perfon, Wc
Antiochus Epiphanes [or, Epimanes] a younger
fon of Antiochus Magnus ; whom his father had font
to Rome for an hoftage. He had no right to the
kingdom (for his elder brother Seleucus had left
a fon Demetrius) but obtain'd it by hypocritical
flatteries ufual to ufurpers.
22. They fiall be broken bejore him; yea, alfo
the prince of the covenant.] He turn'd out thofe
that had been againft his ufurpation; and ex-
pell'd Onias from the high -priesthood ; putting
in Jafon his brother for money, who by encou
ragement of Antiochus fet up a heathen place of
exercife at Jerufalem^ and brought in heathen
cuftoms in oppofition to the Jewifh religion.
25. He fiall flir up bis power againft the king
cjthe Jouth.] Againft Ptolomy Philometor king
of Egypt.
28. Then Jhall be return-^with great riches, and
his heart Jhall be againft the holy covenant.] Up-
ctn his return from his fecond expedition againft
Egypt he fhew'd fome fpite againft the Jews and
their religion, and robb d them 1 but his utmoft
outrage was not yet.
29, 30. He fiall return and come toward the
Jouth ; but it Jhall, not be as the, jormer, or as the
latter. For the fiips oj Chittim fiall come againft
him.] He made in all 3 expeditions into Egypt ;
and this laft feem'd likely to have been the moft
effectual to make it all his own : But the Romans font

on the Old Testament. 23^
fent a threatning meffage, requiring him immedi- paniel.
atcl y to leave the place. The Jews in Daniel's time
call'd all iflanders and people feparated from
them by fea, Chittim. See on Numb. xxiv. 24.
30. Therefore he fiall be grieved and return,
and have indignation againfi the holy covenant — be
Jhall return and have intelligence with them that
jorjake the holy covenant.] Being thus ftopp'd
and controlled by the Romans, he will on his re
turn vent his fpite againft the Jews and their tem
ple and religion— and ftrike in with the apo-
ftatizing Jews [Jajon, Menelaus, and their fac
tion] utterly to profane and abolifh all the fer-
vice of God's temple.
The tranflation of Vulg. is here very wrong :
He~will have a defign againft thoje that have jor-
Jaken the holy covenant ; whereas he encourag'd
and join'd with them. 4 is, 1wr,cet lift «? x«t«-
A(7rc'v7«<r, which is rightly render'd by Trem. Eng.
Caft. &c. Will have intelligence with them.
The Hebrew phrafe, which is twice us'd here,
and frequently elfewhere, To return and do a thing, .
is meant, to do it again.
Now it was that they executed that abomi
nable profanation of the temple fpoken of in
the book of Macchabees and Jofephus, defiling it
with fwines blood, and the moft odious things
they could think of; and forbidding the daily
facrifice, or any other facrifices to Jehovah; as
follows in the two next verfes. Ann. 4546.
32. But the people that do know their God, fiall
be ftrong, and do exploits.] Judas, a prieft, with
his fons and fuch as would follow him, avoided
the defilements of heathenifm (which were now
inforc'd upon the people) firft by flying into the
wildernefs, hiding in Caves, Wc and afterward
by fighting for their lives ; and at laft by fub-
cluing

£3& Critical Notes .
Pmiel. diring their enemies, and reftoring the worfhip
of God. For a while they endur'd great- trials
and hardfhips (as is faid in the next verfes) but
profper'd by degrees, and fet up a government
in the family of this Judas, which continued till
Herod's time, in whofe days Chrift was, born.
XI. 36. And the king jhall do according to his
will, and he fiall exalt himfelf above every god, and
ffe-ak marvellous things againft the God of gods, &c]
This character of this Antiochus given here in this
and the three following verfes, and which had
been given to the fame effect before, ch. viii. 25.
is fo very like that which is given to the Anti-
chrift, 2 Theff. ii. 4. and that which is given to
theBeaft, Rev. xiii. 5,6, j,Wc and theApoftles
do fo plainly refer to, and ufe, the words of Da
niel ; that none who reads and compares, can
doubt but that the one is the antitype of the
other : And the Atheifm of one does now begin
to be imitated by the other.
38. He will honour the God of forces: [Heb..
and 4, and Vulg. Maozzim ] and a god whom his
jathers knew not.] Of this I muft fay, as Caft.
non intelligo. Eng. feems to underftand it, that
toe will honppr the god Mars, i. e. put all his
truft in his armies, fleets, foldiers : not believing
that any god, or divine power, can help or hin- •
der him ; but only the ftrength of his armies.
40. At the time oj the end fiall the king oj the
Jouth pufi at him, and the king ojthe north Jhall
come, Sec] This, if fpoken of Antiochus, is fpo
ken by way of recapitulation of his character,
hiftory, and gefts: For after that profanation of
God's temple, fpoken of before, he- made, as I
reckon, no new expedition to Egypt, but to Per
fia he did. Yet fee Trent.

en the Old Testament. lift
s XI. 43. The Libyans and Ethiopians [fiall be] Damel.
at his fteps.] 6, Over all the precious things of
Egypt; and of the Libyans arid Ethiopians in their
fortrefles. ^a/g. And he fhall pafs over Lybya
and Ethiopia.
44. 5z</ tidings out oj the eaft, and out of the
north fiall trouble him.] If it had been faid, Out
of the north-eaft, [which is in old writings often
underftood by the circumlocution , eaft and
north] it were eafily accounted for: For march
ing into Perfia (which is north-eaft from Syria
and Judea) on a facrilegious errand, he there
came to his deferved lamentable end.
XII. 3. They that turn many to righteoufnefs
Jhall Jhine as the ftars jor ever and ever.] 6, —
as the stars for ever and longer.
4. Many fiall run to and jro, and knowledge
Jhall he encreajed.] 6, Until many be taught,
and knowledge be encreafed.
7. That, it fiall be for a time, times, and a
half: and when he fiall have accomplifhed to ' Jc af
ter the power oj the holy people, all thefe things fiall
be finified.] 4 Vat. — and a half : and when
the difperfion fhall be accomplifhed, they fhall
know [or, underftand] all thefe things. 4 Alex.
— — and when the difperfion of the holy peo
ple [Aid. and Vulg. of the hand of the holy peo
ple] fhall be accomplifhed, they fhall know, Wc
1 1 . And jrom the time that the daily Jacrifice
fiall be taken away, and the abomination that ma
keth defolate fet up, Jhall be a thoujand two hundred
and ninety days.] 4,  ¦ — away, and the abo
mination of defolation given; 4 Alex. — *that the
daily facrifice do arife, and the abomination of
defolation be prepared to be given , Wc.
For the difference of this number 1290 from
the fpace of time mention'd in fome other texts of

§38 Critical Notes
Daniel, of this book, fee on ch. viii. 13 and 14. Such
national revolutions as are to come on by de
grees and go off by degrees, are not by the pro
phets in their predictions meant to be ftinted to
a certain day, nor in great fums to a certain year.
It was called here at f 7. a time, and times, and
a half [or, part] i. e. three years and a half, or
thereabouts; which would be 1260 days. Of
thofe that give the fpace of time even after the
event, the book of Maccbabees reckons from the
profanation of the altar to the cleanfing.of it
three years and ten days : Frofn the firft offer
ing of their heathen facrifices on it to the fame
cleanfing, juft three years ; xMacch. ch. \.f
gy, and 62. compar'd with eh. iv. Jojephus
fometimes calls it three years ; fometimes three
and a half. The fum 1 260 days, or 1 290 days,
do both come within the compafs of three years
and a part.
XII. 12. Blejfed is he that waiteth, and cometh
to the thoufand three hundred and five and thirty
days.] It was a great degree of recovery of joy
to fee the enemies fo far curb'd and the atheists
quell'd, as that they had liberty to cleanfe the
fanctuary and rebuild the altar ; which was done
toward the latter end of the year 4549. the 148th
of the Seleucida : But a greater, to hear of the
death of that atheiftical tyrant, who had brought
on them all this mifchief; who was the next
year (and probably within 45 days of the clean
fing) fmitten by the hand of God with a mifer-
able death, 1 Macc'b. vi. 16.
13. But go thou tby way till the end be: for
thou fialt reft, and ftand in thy lot at the end of
the days.] o, But come thou, and go to reft:
for there fhall be yet many days and times before the

w/j^Old Testament. 233
the fulfilling of the accomplifhment; and thou Daniel.
fhalt arife to thy lot at the end of the days.
This text, as it is in Heb. and efpecially as it
is in 4, is one of the plaineft proofs of the fe-
furrection that is in the Old Teftament.

O

Obadiah.
Badiab, call'd in Greet' Obdias or Abdias, liv'd
in part of the time that Ezekiel and Daniel
did. His prophecy (which is wholly taken up
with threatenings, againft the Edomites) feems to
have been utter'd not long after the defolation
brought on Judea by the Babylonians. And the
chief thing with which he upbraids them, is their
unbrotherly behaviour and their fpite fhew'd to
the Jews in that their Calamity.
Where Obadiah dwelt at the time of this pro
phecy, whether among the captives in Babyh-
nia, or among the few poor people left in Ju
dea, or carry'd into Egypt, as Jeremy was, is not
apparent : But his prophecy is very like, and
has many of the fame expreffions as that ofje-
remy againft the fame people in his ch. xlix. the
ill, and 2d, and 4th, and 5th, and 8th, and
j 6th verfes are almofe in the fame words. And
whereas in Jeremy there is more faid than there
is here, That the cities oj Edom Jhould be perpe
tual waftes ; no man fljould abide there, neither
fiould a Jon oj man dwell there, Sec and yet it
appears by hiftory, that Idumea was inhabited
long after this; and the Macchabaic kings con-
quer'd them, and Herod himfelf was of that race;
1 conceive it probable that the Edomites were in:
deed in a manner extirpated, and that the coun
try was afterward inhabited by foreigners that
flock' d into it: Of which there is this ground of
proba-

&4o • Critical Notes
Obadiah. probability, that when in after-times thofe Jewijb
kings conquer'd them, they were then in a ftate
of uncircumcifion, arid the j^mrcompell'd theni
ta be circumcis'd : but the natural Edomites muft
have been originally a circumcis'd nation. And
this is confirm'd out of Strabo, I. io". who fays,
that thofe Idumeans whom Hircanus conquer'd
were Nabateans originally. " See more in Archbp,
Ufier's Annals. Ann. P.J> 4585,
•f 7. All the men of tby confederacy have brought
thee even to the border.] 9, They have driven
thee even to thy borders : the men of thy con
federacy have fet themfeives againft thee.
Ibid. They have laid a wound under thee.] 4,
and Vulg. Laid fnares under thee.
8. Shall I not deftroy? Sec] 4, I will de-.
ftroy, Wc.
12. Thou Jhouldfl not have^ looked on the day oj
thy brother in the day that he' became a flr anger.]
4,—— brother in the day of the ftrangers.
1 7. And the houfe oj Jacob fiall poffefs their poj-
Jeffwns.] 4, Poffefs thofe that poffcffed them.
2 1 . And Javiours Jhall come upon mount Zion
to judge the mount oj EJau.] 6, And they that
efcape of mount Sion fhall be avenged of the
mount of EJau.
Haggai.
WHen the 70 years captivity from the 4th
of Jehoiakim, 4108, to the iff of Cyrus,
4178, were expir'd ; God put it into the heart of
Cyrus to fend home the Jews, and to commiffion .
and encourage them to rebuild their temple. A
good number, of them return'd, 42,362. They
prefently built an altar, and prepar'd to build a
temple,
4}

on the O l b T e s t a ii e n f' ;. "24-1
temple. But they were hinder'd and ftopp'd all
the time of Cyrus, 7 years, and all the time of
Cambyfes and the Magi, 7 years more ; till the
fecond year of Darius Hyftajpis, 4194. But ori
that year Haggai the prophet and Ze'chary re-
prov'd the idlenefs and backwardnefs of the peo
ple, and encourag'd them with a. promife of
God's afiiftance : Upon which Zerubbabel the go
vernor, and Jefiua the high-prieft (who had 1,4
years before conducted them from Babylon) fet
them to work, and they vigoroufly fet about it j
and, Darius, fend ing them letters of encourage
ment, finifh'd it in four years.
I. 1. Came the word oj the Lord by Haggai ihe^tggtti^
prophet unto Zerubbabel.] 4, — • . . . prophet;
faying, "Say to Zerubbabel.
II. 3. Who isJejt among you that Jaw this hoiije
in her firft glory ? apd hovj do you Jee it now ? ]
The temple was burnt, 4126. and it was now,
4194. They that had feen it at fuch an age as
to remember it, muft bi near 80 years old.>,
6, 7. Tet once it is a little while, and I will
(hake, Stc and the defire of all nations fiall come.}
4, Wc Keu tj^et id, ixKaiid frdrtm tm Ifiiw.
Vulg  : — defideratus cunctis gentibus.
• It is a character like that given by Mofesi
Gen. xlix. io. a^so-Jra/* i()v«v. But 4 has not here
the word [a little while;] Christ's birth was 516
years after this.
14. So [is] this people, and Jo [is] this* ridiioni
Sec and that which they offer there, Sec] Nei
ther Heb. nor 4, nor- Vulg. puts any tenfe to: the
• firft words. It is more agreeable to the context
to read them," So was this people, and fo wai, &c.
Or, So has been this people. Vulg. is not [offer J
but [have offered.} And Trem. makes the tenfe
Y0L.I1. & JlOfi

Wpz Critical Notes
Udggai. nottft, tint juit. And the following verfes com
pare the ill ftate which they had been in, ' with
the good one they fhould be in from that time,
if they would build God's houfe. 4 here is in
terpolated with a fentence that feems to be taken
from fome other book.
II. 1 6. Since thoje [days] were, when one came to
a heap oj twenty [meafures,] there were but ten?]
6, In what condition you were [ rlvx jrrs ] when
you put into a ftraw-tub twenty fata of barley,
there were but ten.
1 8. Confider now Jrom this day and upward.]
6, From this day and thence-forward.
The consideration of f 15. was from that day
and backward; and fo might be call'd upward:
But this bids 'mind the time future. In 4, one
is XSETi^dva ' thiS' ZTTiKeiVOi. ' So Vulg.
Zechariah.
ZAcharyhegan his prophefying at the fame time
as Haggai, 4194. and he continued longer
than Haggai. ¦
Some chapters of this book, ch. xi, xii, Wc
are by fome tranflators fo render'd, as to feem
of a very different tenor from that of the reft.
The main of the book, and all the firft arid la*ft
of it, is, to encourage the Jews (lately return'd
from a long captivity, and beirlg yet in great
poverty) to rebuild their temple; andgivesthem
ground to hope and be aflur'd, thai; God, who
'had fent that great judgment for the fipsof their
fathers, would now from this time comfort, af-
fift, and blefs them.
But at ch. xi. without any mention -of any
new fins of theirs, the prophecy turns, as Eng.
and Trem, expound it, to thrqatnings of destruc tion,

en the Old Testament. 243
tion. But 4 and other tranflators do (I think
rightly) expound thofe texts fo as to' make the
fenfe of thofe chapters, concur with the reft. Some
commentators alfo .do furmize, that thefe chap
ters are originally chapters bf Jeremy, which by
fome miftake of fcribes, or compilers of the vo
lumes of the holy books, have been put into
Zachary's book: Which furmize is grounded on
this, that St. Matthew, ch. xxvii. 9, 10. cites a
fentence which is here, ch. xi. 12, 13. as fpoken
by Jeremy. And St. Barnabas in his epiftle, § 2.
cites another, which is here, ch. viii. 17. as from
Jeremy (for Jeremy only had been named for the
citation) and the Conftitu lions, lib. 2. § 53. do
cite the* fame text exprefly as from Jeremy.
If there has been any fuch tranflocations of
any; chapters (which is a thing too hard for us
to determine) either it was before the time of 4,
or elfe 4 has been made to conform to it : For
4 now puts all the chapters to Zachary that Heb.
does. The laft chapter is, very like, the latter part
of Ezekiel, foretelling the glory and . fpiritual
bleffings of God's people, that fhould be in the
kingdom of the Meffiah, or in the millennium,
or the kingdom of heaven ( for thofe times, I
think, are meant) under the type of worldly
glory, riches, victories, Wc. and thofe defcrib'd
in high, and. hyperbolical metaphors; fuch, as,
the cleaving of mount Olivet ; waters to rife at
Jerufalem and run into both the feas ; the armies
of the enemies to have their flefh, and their eyes,
and tongues, Wc confume as tljey ftand ; all-na
tions to come to Jerufalem to the feaft of taber
nacles, Wc In fuch ways fome of the prophets
do exprefs things, which no reader is to under
ftand in a literal or temporal fenfe.
' R 2 1.6,

244 Critical Not t s. *
Zechariah I, g. A^nd they returned and faid, Like as the'
Lord of hofts thought to do, &c] 4, And they
anfwered and faid—** — -
8. He flood among the myrtle- trees that were in
the bottom, and behind him there were red horfes,-
fpeckled and white. ] if, He flood between two-
fhady hills ; and behind him there were red
horfes, grey ones, and fome fpeckled, and fome '
white. After this, wherever Heb, is, myrtles, tffays,
•hills. But chap. vi. i. both Heb. and 4, Two
mountains. All thefe four forts of horfes are again fpoken
of, ch. Vi. fo that 4 here feems to be rigTit ; and
Heb. to have dropp'd the grey, or grizled ones.
i2. How long wilt thou not have mercy on Jeru
falem — — againft which thou haft had indignation
thefe threejcore and ten years ? ] This 2d of Da
rius being 4194, was more than 70 years from
the 4th of Jehoiakim, 4108. at which Jeremy's
70 years begin. At 410$, they were brought-
under fubjection and tribute*; but at 4126, the
city was burnt, and they were carried away : And
this was about 70 years from thence.
15. I was but a little difpleafed, and they helped
forward the afflitlion.] 4, • < and they have
added a great deal to it.
21. But tb'efe are come to fray them, to caft out
the horns oj the Gentiles, See] 4,— — to fharpen
them to their hands, the four horns, the Gentiles,
Vulg. W cceteri,  ad deterrendum ea.
II. 6. Fly jrom the land oj the north— —jor 1
have Jpread you abroad as the jour winds.] 0,—*
for I will gather you from the four Winds.
8. For thus Jaith the Lord oj hofts, After the
gifory hath he fent me unto the nations.] 4, ¦*• 
inl<f»:

m the Old Testament. i^
fa'w &o$w «arls-«A«s- jwe lw> rd sfivij. ^#/g. — poft Zecbaritr
gloriam. Cafl. fectatum gloriam,
I fhould think that the flop fhould be at the
word (Toifrfj and the fentence read thus ; Thus
fpeaketh the Lord of hofts from behind the glory,
[or, Shechinah, which in 6 is commonly call'd
ti%*\ He hath fent *nc to the nations which have
fpoiled you, &c.
IL 9. And they fhall be a fpoil to their fer
vants.] The Babylonians had a good while be
fore been conquer'd by Cyrus, but perhaps gent
ly us'd : But about this time, or not long after,
they rebelling againft this Darius, he retook the
city, and gave it for plunder to the foldiers,
whereof many had been their fervants.
III. 4, 5. And I will cloath thee with change of
raiment. And I Jaid, Let them Jet a jair mitre
Upon his bead.] In 6 it is the angel that fays this,
and bids, Cloath him with a long robe, it9^n, and
fet a jair mitre upon his head. And fo is Vulg.
dixit, not dixi. And fo is the fenfe.
7. I will give thee places to walk among thoje
that ftand by?] 0, and Vulg— — walkers of thefe
[or, among thefe] which here ftand by, Caft.—'
a ftation [or, entrance] among thefe that ftand
here. »
The fenfe plainly is, an office, place, or fta
tion, comparable to that of the angels that flood
there round about : but it feems likely that the
word has been mif-written.
8. For they are men wondered at.] 4, Ttpdl9<r-
xoVoi. Vulg. Portendentes. Caft. Portentofi.
Ibid. Behold, I will bring forth my Jervant the
branch. ] 6, 'Avdlotyv. Vulg. Orientem. Cafl.
Germen. And fo, ch. vi. 12.
9. I will engrave the graving thereoj— and
I will remove the iniquity oj that land in one day.]
K 3 4, I

246 Critical Notes
Zechariah 4, I will dig a pit-  -and will handle [4^«e-
(fDjVw] all the iniquity of that land in one day.
Vulg";- engrave — -!¦ take away  *
One would think the digging a pit, inftead of
engraving, to be right in 4- But removing, inftead
of handlings in Heb.
' IV. 10. For they Jhall rejoice, cind Jhall Jee the
plummet in the hand of Zerubbabel with thoje Jeven ;
they are the eyes oj the Lord, which run to and fro
through the whole earth?] 4, For they fhall re
joice, and.fhall fee the ftone of tin [or, like tin]
in the hand of Zerubbabel ; thefe feven eyes are
they which overlook the whole earth.
This plainly refers to the ftone mention'd be
fore, ch. iii. 9. in which were feven eyes ; and
mentipn'd again here, f 7. How Eng. comes
to make a plummet of it (which 4, Vulg. Caft.
Marg. Wc render, ftone of tin ) one could not
gpefs, but by Trem's rendering it, lapidem.per-
pendkulum. And yet he himfelf fays, that Heb,
is, ft annum ; but that that by a metonymy fig-
-nifies, perpendicplum.
1 2. Which through the two golden pipes empty
the golden [oyl] out oj themfeives?] 4, ¦¦¦
pour into the golden cups [or, fpoons?] Vulg.
Which are by the golden pipes which have the
golden pouring veffels ? Trem. Which pour out
of themfeives the golden liquor ?
By which one may fee what has made Eng. to
affix the epithet, golden", to" the oyl ; which every
interpreter elfe applies to the veffels.
14. Theje are the two anointed ones, which ftand
by the Lord of the whole earth.] Marg. —fons of
oyl — 4, 'Ttol mirtjlgf. Aq. 2/nA7rvoTij7o?. Theod.
A«prgoT>j7off. Vulg. Olei fplendoris.
V. 1. And behold, a flying roll.] 4, A fey the
[or, fickle] flying. Vulg as Heb,
V. 6.

en the Old Testament. 247.
V. 6. This is an ephah that goeth forth.] 4, A Zechariah
meafure. Vulg. A tub.
An ephah is as much as to fay, a bufiel: For
it was a meafure of about that bignefs.
Ibid. He faid moreover, This is their refemblame
through all the earth.] 4,  this is the wicked
nefs of them in all the earth [or, land.] Vulg.
the eye ; oculus eorum.
. Bofs in his Prolegomena gives feveral inftances
where the prefent Heb. may be a mended by 4: And
among the reft, this; He fhews how little diffe
rence there is in the writing between the Hebrew
word that fignifies oculus, and that which figni-
fies iniquitas: and that the Heb. fcribe has written
here the firft for the laft. As is plain not only
by b, and by the Syriac verfion, which is the
fame as 4; but alfo by'the fenfe: For the vifion
is of a woman fhut up in a tub, and carried away
far from Jerufalem to Babylonia. And the in
terpretation, That iniquity [or, the guilt of the
fins that had been] fhould be carried from them,
and fall upon the Babylonians. And Bofs fays,
there are many fuch instances.
y, 8. And behold, there was lift up a talent of
lead: and this is a woman that fitteth in the midft
of the ephah. And he faid, This is wickednefs.] 4,
 1  of lead: and behold, there fat a woman
in the middle of the veffel. And be fa-id. This is
wickednefs. Vulg. is as 4. But Eng. would make the leaden
lid of the tub to be the woman.
8. And he caft it [lege her] into the midft ojthe
ephah.] VI. 6. The black horfes which are therein.] That
therein has no antecedent.
0, That wherein are the black horfes. -So Vulg.
R 4 VI. Hi

248 Critical Notes
Zechariah • VI. 14. And the crowns Jhall be toHelem, Sec]
The name which is Heldai at #10. is here He1
]em. But 4 explains them here and there by ap
pellatives: There dfaivliov, here vziro/aevairf.
' VII. 3. Sfhould I weep in the fifth month1??] The
faft of the fifth month was for the burning of
the temple and the city,: And that of the feventh"
month, at f 5. for the murder of Gedaliah.
1 p. Let none of you imagine evil againff his bro
ther in your heart.] 6, Let none bear a grudge
in his heart againft his brother Jor wrongs [or,
evils] done ; xsuci'<*v p.>) [Avyo-ixcixe-'na.
ii. And pulled away the Jhouldet.] Marg.
Gave a backfliding fhoulder. 4, Shewed a con
temptuous fhoulder, or, back.
VIII. 2. I was jealous.] I have been jealous.
17. Let none oj you imagine, Sec] 4, "Exxwe
T>jV xauttAY t£ ra-Aqn'ov *w/t« ^>J Aoyi'£so9-g ov 7»Ts K&fi-
Hdug v peaty ; Hj Zgxou vJ/dWijf (j.y dyxsrxTt. ¦'
This fentence is cited by Barnabas and by the
Conftitutions as a fentence of Jeremy. See the
preface to this book of Zac bar y. -.¦¦¦ •
1 9; The jaft of the fourth month — - of the fiftty
month — feventh month — tenth month.] Jer. liii
Fourth fnonth, ninth day, city taken: fifth
month, tenth day, city and temple burnt: fer
yenth month, murder of Gedaliah: tenth month,
tenth day, the, fiege began.
>' Thefe to be turned to joyful feafts.
IX. 1 . ' The. burden — in the land of Hadrack,
und Daxnafcus fiall be the reft thereof: when the
eyes of man, as of all the tribes of Ifrael, Jhallf be
toward the Lord.] 4,-  r- iv yy SeJ^ d%- —for
the eyes of the Lord are upon ail men, .as well
as upon all the tribes of IJrael. So Trem.
. 4. The Lord will caft her [Tyrus] out, and be
iuitt finite her power in the Jea, and fie fiall be
- ¦ '-!-.- • devoured

9fithe Old Testament. 24$
devoured with fire.] Ifaiah had prophefied theZ"hariak
destruction of Tyre, ch. xxiii. and it was ac- '"
cordingly taken* by Nebuchadnete&r, and de
ftroy'd, .ann. 4142. But J^a^-did there fay,
that after 70 years God would vifit her, and fhe
fhou$ return to her hire. There had not yet
paffed quite 70 years, butalmoft; arid fhe had,
it feems, now recpver!d a power in the fea : but
is here threatened again.
' IX. 6. A baftard fiall dwell in AJhdod.] Vulg,
Separator. ' 4, ' • AAXojwafj, ftrangers.
10. And I will cut off the chariot jrom Ephraim,
and the borfe— and the battle-bow, Sec] 4, And
he will cut off, Wc. viz. the King, or Meffiah,
Jaft mention'd. And then it is the fame prophecy
that Ifaiah had given, that in his days wars fhould
ceafe/ 11. A,s for thee alfo, by the blood of tby covenant
I have fent forth thy prifoners, &c] 4,  thou
haft fent forth—  So Vulg.
12. Turn- ye to the ftrong hold, ye prifoners of
hope, even to day do I declare that I will render
double unto thee. ] 6, Sit in your ftrong holds,
ye prifoners of the .congregation ; for one day of
thy dwelling in a ftrange country [fca^nidois «?]
I will reftore thee double.
X. 1. Ask ye of the Lord rain in the time of the
fatter rain?] 4,  -of the former, and of the
latter rain.
3. Mine anger was kindled againft the fhepherds,
and 1 punifhed the goats.] 4, — —has beert againft
the fhepherds, and I will vifit my lambs.
7. And "[they of] Ephraim fiall be as a mighty
man.] 0, and Vulg. They fhall be like the war-
riours of Ephraim.
8. And they fiall increaje as they haye increafed.] 0, and,

tS'O Critical Notes
Zechariah i, and Vulg • Increafe to be as many as they were
formerly. X, 9. Thty jhall live with, their cbildren, and
turn again.] 9, Bring up children, and come
back. jo. And [place] fiall not be. jound jor thgmf]
4, And there fhall not be one of them miffing. ,
1 1. And be fiall pajs through the Jea in affile-.
tion.] 4, And they fhall pafs over the narrow
fea. So Vulg
12. And they jhall walk up and. down in his.
name-] 4, Rejoice [or, make their boaft] in his
name. XI'. 1, 2, 3. Open thy doors, 0 Lebanon, that
the fire may devour thy .cedars. Howl, fir-tree,
Sec] Trem. and the Englijh tranflators wider?-
ftand this threatning, as alfo that of the three
or four firft verfes of the next chapter, as fpo
ken againft Jerufalem : And jn the contents of
the chapters they write, the deftrublion oj Jeru
falem ; and, Jerujalem a cup oj trembling to i( Jelj.
But as the next chapter is plainly a threatning,
not againft Jerujalem, but againft its enemies ;
fo I think thefe three firft verfes are either againft
fome powerful nation that opprefs'd them; pr
rather, as I take it, againft fome of their owp,
great rich men, whp had, I fuppofe, got the
Places, and fqueez'd the poor, and the body of
the people. The metaphors by which* they are
defcrib'd are taken from places or things in Ju
dea, or nigh to it; as Lebanon, cedars of Leba
non, oaks of Bafian, pride [or, f welling] pf
Jordan, Sec But thefe phrafes are often us'd in
the characters of p/pud and afpiring people or
perfons of any nation whatfoever. And if this
. pe the fenfe, then this will be like all the reft of
the book, which is all intended asa comfort and

encouragement

on the OldTestament. a£f
encouragement to the people in their new andZecharkk.
poor ftate ; and efpecially to the poor of them :
For in the following parts of the chapter there
is plainly a threatning againft fome rich gover
nors of the people at that time, that opprefs'd the •
poor: Now that is not againfi the nation in ge
neral ; but God Almighty take's the part of the
poor againft fome great ones that tyrannized over
them, as^we read in Nehemiah that they did by
ufury, Wc.
XI. 2. For the foreft of the vintage is come down.]
6, The thick wood is diflipated [or, made thin.]
Vulg. Caft. Marg Ar, Mont. Wc. Sylva muni-
ta, or, faltus munitus/
Foreft and vintage are two things very con
trary one to another. But fo Trem. would have it.
3. A voice of the roaring of young lions ; for the
pride of Jordan is fpoiled. ] 6, — q»pvcty[*u t2
Thofe that think this chapter to have been
tranfplanted from Jeremy , may here have one
proof more : for this is a phrafe peculiar to Je
remy. It is us?d by him, ch. xii. 5. ch. xlix. 19.
and ch. 1. 44., and befide him, no where but here.
In Eng- 'tis commonly exprefs'd, The fwelling
of Jordan ; here,- the pride : But Heb. and 4 are
the fame at both. It is always join'd with roar
ing of lions, or fomething of lions : So that it
is thought to be fome hill, or wood, or forest
near Jordan much frequented by lions; as, I
think, I noted on one of the texts of Jeremy.
13. And the Lord faid unto me, Caft it unto
the potter : a goodly price that I was prized at of
them. And I took the thirty pieces of filver, and
caft them to the potter in the houfe oj the Lord.]
4 — ;  throw it into the furnace: and I wil lee
if it be good [filver] for which I was, prized by
them.

'%$% Critical Notes
pckariab. them. And I took the thirty pieces of filver,
and threw them into the houfe of the Lord into
the furnace.
Vulg. is as Heb. only for potter, it has not fi-
. gulus, but ftatuarius.
This text is cited by Matthew, xxvii. 9, 10,
as a text of Jeremy. He cites not juft the wPrds
iekher of Heb. or 4. but nearer to Heb. (as he al-
moft always does.) Concerning the queftion how
fhe name of the prophet fhopld come to be writ
ten Jeremy, fee preface here, and note on . that
text of Matthew.
¦ XI. 1 6. Not vifit thoje that be cut off, neither
Jhall Jeek the young one—- — *« nor jeed that which
¦Jlandetb fiill.] 4, Not take care of the weak*
neither feek that which is ftrayed— — nor direct
fhat which is whole.
XII. 2. I will make Jerujalem a cup oj trembling
unto all the people round.] Why do the contents
of the chapter in Eng. fay here, A cup oj trem
bling to herjelf, which is the contrary? Marg.
Trent. Caft. We. do not call it, a cup of trembling;
but a foporlferous or poifonous potion, or cup
to all her enemies.
7. The Lord alfo Jhall Jave the tents of Judah
firft.] 4, and Vulg. As at the firft.
8. And the houfe oj David [fiall be] as God?]
6, Vulg. As the houfe of God.
10. And they Jhall look upon me whom they have
pierced, and they Jhall mourn jor him.— and be in
bittemejs jor him.] 6 Vat. W, ut puto, Alex.
They fhall look upon me for that they have in-
fulted. 4 Aid. — —whom they have pierced. So
jiq. Tbsod. Symm. Vulg. — — whom they have
pierced. St. John xix. 37. They fhall look on
him whom they pierced, H

en the O l d T e s * am :£ n f ; ¦$£§
It feems the Hebrew word for infulted, is very inhatuft
like that for pierced ; which might make the
Greec tranflator miftake. And though it be now
in all copies, look on me ; yet the very fyntax, if
we take in the words following, fhews that it
muft have been originally, look on him: Or, if
it were not fo, 'tis common in application of a
thing to fit the perfon to the fyntax.
XII. 13. The family of the houfe of Levi— • the
family ofSbimei.] 4,— —Simeon.
XIII. 1. In that day Jhall there be Jt jountain
opened to the houfe of David and to the inhabitants
4j Jerufalem for fin and jor uncleannejs.] i Vat.
In that day fhall* every place be open to the
houfe — for removing and departure. 4 Alex:
Aid. and alfo Aq. Every place be open to, Wc
— for removing and cleanfing. Vulg. — a foun
tain — for wafhing the finful man and the men-
ftruous woman.
3. Shall thruft him thorow.] 6, Shall kick
him out.
7. Awake, O Jword, againft my Jhepherd, an J
againft the man that is wty jellow, Jaith the Lord oj
hofts: finite the Jhepherd, and the Jheep fhall be
Jcattered.] 0 Vat.— my fhepherds— my citizen—
hofts: finite the fhepherds, and draw out the
fheep. 4 Alex. Aid.:-. fmite the fhepherd,
and the fheep fhaU be fcattered.
XIV. 4. Mount oj Olives fiall cleave in the
midft thereoj toward the eaft and toward the weft.\
It is meant, by a cleft through the middle run
ning eaft and weft.
5. The Lord my God Jhall come, and all his
faints with thee.] 4, Vulg. With him.
13. Tbey Jhall lay hold every one on the hand oj
his neighbour, and bis hand fiall rife up againft
the hand oj his neighbour.] i, <• mt* .and his hand fhall-

254 Critical Notes
tfechariaib fhall flick faft to [or, be entangled with] the
hand of his neighbour. 6, 'S.^tcKom.^oh. Vulg..
Conferetur. ,
Their hands being fo entangled, the Jews
might more eafily fight againft them ; as in the
next verfe. Malachi. <
AT what time Malachi, , the laft of the pro
phets of the Old Teftament, iiv'd, is not
juftly known. It muft have been fame con fide-
rable time after Haggai and Zachariah, and after
the temple, was built (which* was finifh'd 4i9.8>)
becaufe he has not, as they have, any. exhorta
tion to promote that work, but reproofs to the
• priefts for polluting the worfhip of it, and to
the people for their with-holding the tythes due
by God's law ; which, he gives them to under-
dand, is facrilege, and robbing of God: And
for their other fins : and concludes with giving
afiurance that the Meffiah would quickly come
(he came at 4710.) and* would have a forerunner
(John the Baptist) to prepare the way before
him. T
fflalachi. J, I2. Ye Jay, The table oj fhe Lord is polluted,
and the jruit thereof, eveyi his meat is contemptible?]
. 0, .1. ¦ , .- and the things laid* thereon are good
for nothing. Vulg.  polluted, and what
is laid thereon, contemptible ; as alfo the fire
that confumes it.
1 3. le faid. Behold what a wearinefs is it, and
ye have fnuffed at it.] Marg.  whereas you
fnight have blown it away. Caft. Ye faid, Ah,
how weighty it is ! whereas you might have
blown it away. L14.

oh the Old Testament. sc'jf
I. 14. Curjed be the deceiver, who hath in bis Malachi-.
flock a male, andvoweth and facrificefb to the Lord.
a corrupt thing] 4, Curfed is he who being able, '
and having in his flock a male; and having made
a vow of it, facrificeth to the Lord a corrupt
thing. II. 11, Judah — hath married the daughter oj a
ftrange god.] 4, ¦ ¦ hath applied himfelf to
ftrange gods.
12. The Lord will cut off— out oj the tabernacle
of Jacob, and him that.offereth an offering to the
Lord. ] 4,  out of the tabernacle, Wc. arid
from among them that offer an offering to the
Lord. 14. The Lord bath been witnefs between thee and
the wife of tby youth, ' againft whom thou haft dealt
treacheroufiy.] 4, Whom thou haft forfaken }
eJxssTeAiTrEf. 15. And did not he make one? yet bad be the
refidue oj the Jpirit: and wherefore one? that he
might Jeek a godly Jeed. Therefore t&ke heed to your
Jpir-it, and let none deal treacheroufiy againft the
wife of his youth. ] 4, And did not he make k
good, and the refidue of his fpirit? [or, of thy
fpirit?] and you fay, What does God defire
elfe, but a feed. Take heed to your fpirit, and
forfake not the wife of your youth.
Vulg. Did not one make it, and the refidue Is
of his fpirit ? and what does that one feek, but
a godly feed ? Therefore keep your fpirit, and
defpife riot the wife of your youth.
Dr. Hammond fays, this verfe fhould be tranf
lated thus :
Did that one [or, the firft; meaning Abra
ham] do fo ; of whofe fpirit we are the refidue?
And what did that one [or, firft?] He was
feeking a feed of God [or, godly feed : ] there fore

i|6 Critical notes
Haggai. fore reftrain your fpirit, and do not defffife thei
wife of your youth.
II. 1 6. For the Lord God oj IJrael Jaith, that
he hateth putting away [Mcirg. If be bate her, put
her away:] jor one covereth violence with his gar
ment, Sic] 6, But if thou hate her, and put her
away, faith the Lord God of Ifrael, wickednefs
will hide [or, cover] in thy defigns, faith tkt
Lord of hofts: therefore, Wc
Vulg. When thou fhalt hate her, difmifs hef^
faith the Lord God of Ifrael: but iniquity wijl
cover his garment, Wc
Dr. Hamm. For the Lord God of IJrael fiathi
If thou hate her, . put her' away : for one cover
eth violence with his garment,- Wc.
III. 5. Thoje that opprejs the hireling in his wa
ges, the widow, and the jatherlejs. ] 4, Thofe
that cheat the hireling of his wages, that opprefs
the widow, and buffet the fatherlefs.
15. And they that tempt God are even delivered.]
6, That have fet themfeives againft God.
IV. 2. And you fiall go jorth and grow -Up as
tatoes ojthe flail] 6, — and leap about as calve^
. let loofe from -their halters.
Ezra and Nehemiah;
IT conduces rnuch for the better underftaricT-
ing the hiftory of thofe times, to know, if
one could, the time when thefe two wrote ; and
who that Artaxerxes king of Perfia, was, by
whofe encouragement and favour they came to'
Jerujalem, and reftor'd the ftate of religion there*
and rebuilt the city.
We are now come to thofe times wherein the
Grecians (who had been till now an obfcure and
tearbarous people, all whofe old ftories were mere
legends)

on the O L D T E S T A M E N t. 257;
legends) became a polite nation, and kept aEzra.
good account and hiftory of the times. The
firft nation of Europe that ever did fo. There
had been learning in the eastern parts before?
but that is in a manner all loft to us. They had
a particular occafion to know the hiftory of the
empire of the Perfians, which lafted about 200
years ; having had continual wars with them from
a little after its beginning to the time that they
brought it to its end. And Ptolomy's canon, ta
ken partly from the Chaldean, and partly from
the Grecian, records, is a fure rule of chrono
logy for all that fpace of time. And the hiftory
of the Jewiflo nation is concatenated with that of
the Perfians: For they were fubject and tribu
tary to the kings of Perfia for all that time.
Now it is plain and uncontroverted, that Cy
rus having taken Babylon in the year 4176. con
tinued to the year 4185. the two years of Darius
the Mede . being reckon'd in to thefe nine years.
Then the canon ftands thus.
Cambyfes  7— ¦ 8  to 4193
Darius I. Hyftafpis — — 36 - ¦ 4229
Xerxes — — — — 21 ¦ 4250
Artaxerxes I. Longimanus 41 ¦  4291
Darius II. Nothus  — 19 ¦ 4310
Artaxerxes II. Mnemon — 46 .. . 4356
Ochus — ,   21  4377
Arog or Arjes   2  4379
Darius III. Codoman. — 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ 4383
198.
making from Cyrus's death to the death of Da
rius, whom Alexander conquer'd, 198 years.
This canon is certain and undoubted as to the
total fum of the number of years. ( There were
indeed fome fhort times of usurpation, as of the
Vol. II. S Magi,

*5S

Critical Notes

Ezra. Magi, Wc . which the canon, for brevity, throws
into the fum of the preceding or following kings j
and the fractions of years it brings to even num
bers: and if any king rul'd for fome time toge
ther with his father, it puts that time either" to
the father alone, or to the fon alone.) None,
that gives any regard to known histories, que-
flions the whole fum. Trem. indeed, and one or
two that break through all obftacles to ferve
their hypothefes in chronology, cut off at all ad
ventures 60, 70, or 80 years from the fum : to
whoni no cautious reader can fubfcribe.
But the thing to be enquired, is, under
which Darius it was, that the temple was rebuilt;
and under which Artaxerxes it was, that Ezra
and Nehemiah came and reform'd religion and
the ftate, and rebuilt the city.
The common and generally receiv'd account
of all Chriftian expofitors, was, that that Darius
was Darius the firft, fon of Hyftajpes ; the 6th
year of whofe reign, in which the temple was
finifhed, was 4199. or 4200* being 74 years
from the time when it was burnt, 41 26, And
that fhe Artaxerxes, under whom Ezra and Ne
hemiah came, was Artaxerxes the firft, call'd
Longimanus, grandfon of the faid Darius: the
20th year of whofe reign, in which the city was
walled, was 42.70. which is 70 years after the
temple built.
This was efteem'd (and I ftill think, notwith
ftanding the objections, is) the true, or near the
true, account of the times.
The main, and only great, objection is, that
Nehemiah and the author of Chronicles do men
tion men and things which muft be about 100
years after the time that they, according to this
chronology, wrote. The chief texts are, Ne-
1 hem-.

on the Old Testament. 259
hem. xii. 10. which recites the race of high-prieftsEzn*.
to a later date than Nehemiah could live to know.
^ They are thefe, in a continual defcent from fa
ther to fon: Jefiua, [or J ejus] Joidkim, Elia-
Jhib, Joiada [ call'd by Jofephus,, Judas, ] Jona
than [call'd f 22. Johanan; and by Jojephus,
Joannes] Jaddua [call'd by Jofi Jaddus.] The
race of thefe fix is fuppos'd to reach all the time
of the Perfian empire. And Jaddus is faid by
Jofephus to have met and difcours'd Alexander
the Great when he was putting an end to it; and
to have fhew'd him the texts of Daniel, wherein
he was foretold to be the man that fhould do it.
Now of thefe fix, Nehemiah and Ezra liv'd in
the times of the fecond, viz. Joiakim, ch. xii.
26. And they continued to fee the third, viz.
Eliafiib, high-prieft. But how could Nehemiah
record three fucceffions more, Joiada, Johanan,
and Jaddua? In the fame chapter, f 22. are
mention'd the days of Eliafiib, Joiada, Johanan, r
and Jaddua ; and the priefts to the reign of Darius
the Perfian: Which Darius men take (by reafon
of the fynchronifm here iritimated between him
and Jaddua) to be the laft king of Perfia. Now
from the 3 2d year of Artaxerxes Longimanus,
(which was the time of Nehemiah's laft return to
Jerufalem) to the beginning of Darius Codoman.
was (as is feen in the table of Perfian kings) 97
years. There have been three hypothefes for the fo-
lution of this difficulty; and each of them has
been maintain'd by great and learned men, skil
ful in chronology.
I. Abp. Vjher fupppfes, ift, for the names of
the kings, that that Darius mention'd f 22. is
not the laft Darius, but Darius Nothus, who be
gan 4291. and that Nehemiah might eafily live
S 2 to

26o Critical-Notes
Ezra, to his time, and write in his time ; which began
within 10 years after the faid 32d of Artaxerxes,
and continued but 19' years. 2dly, For the
names of high- priefts, 'tis true that Eliafii?bvfas
high-prieft when the wall was built, the 20th of
Artaxerxes, 4270. But that Nehemiah poffibly
' out-liv'd him, and wrote in the days of his fon
Joiada's high-priefthood : and that Joiada might
then be old enough to have, not only his fon
Johanan or Jonathan, but alfo his grandfon Jad-
) dua then born ; whom Nehemiah might mention
in his book. And fo, fuppofing that Jaddua
was born about 4300. (which was about the mid
dle of Darius Notbus's time) he would then be
but 82 or 83, when he met Alexander. And
Jofephus fays, he was then a very ancient white-
hair'd man ; I think, Bp. Ufier fuppofes him to
have been 90 then ; and if fo, he was feven or
eight years old at the time when we guefs Neh'e$
miah to have wrote.
The only exception that IknOw of againft this
expofition, is, That it expounds the words of
the forefaid texts in a hard, or forced, and unu-
fual fenfe. WJhen the fcripture in an historical
way mentions the days of fuch or fuch a king,
high-prieft,' Wc. it generally means the time of
his actual reign, high-priefthood, Wc. So that
to interpret Nehemiah (when he fpeaks in one
breath of the days of Eliafiib, Joiada, Johanan,
and Jaddua) as understanding the days of Elia-
fhib then paft; of Joiada, then current; but
thofe of Johanan, a young man ; and thofe of
Jaddua, a child, then future, is a very forced
interpretation. So much is plain on the fide of this hypothefis,
that Nehemiah at other places, though he men- ,
tion none later than Eliafiib, as aelual high-
prieft ;

on the Old Testament. 261
prieft; yet he mentions Joiada his fon, as being Ezra,
then old enough to have a fon married, ch. xiii.
28. And Ezra, ch. x..6. mentions one Johanan
the fon of Eliafiib a prieft, who had a chamber
in the houfe of God : But I do not conceive that
Eliafiib to be Eliafiib the high-prieft (who had
not a fon Johanan, but a grandfon he had) but
fome prieft of that name. Concerning Johanan
fon of Eliafiib, mention'd Nehem. xii. 23. fee on
that textv
Scaliger had taken another way (and fome
learned men, Dr. Allix, Wc. have followed'him)
by fetting the times of Ezra and Nehemiah > much
later than the common opinion is. There being
no other character of their time and of the time
of rebuilding of the city, than that it was in the
reign of one Artaxerxes king of Perfla, and when
Eliafiib was high-prieft ; they fix this to the
time, not of Artaxerxes the firft, but of Artax- .
erxes the fecond, which was 60 years later: And
his 20th year was 4330. And they do farther
fuppofe that the building of the temple by Zoro
babel, and the times of Haggai, and Zachary,
were not under Darius the firft, but under Da
rius Nothus, the immediate predeceffor of this
latter Artaxerxes: and then Nehemiah might
eafily live to mention Jaddua as high-prieft, and
even Darius the laft king, who began about 25
years after the death of Artaxerxes Mnemon.
But this laft, of the building of the tem
ple , is certainly a wrong computation. For
Zorobabel and Jefiua were the conductors of the
people on the firft of Cyrus, 4178. and muft
be fuppos'd then about 30 years old; and con-
fequently on the 6th of this fecond Darius, 4296.
muft have been 1 48 years old ; which nobody
will believe. S 3 Ths.

262 Critical Notes
Ezra.. . The fuppofal that the temple was built by Zo
robabel the 6th of Darius the firft, 4200. but the
city walled by Nehemiah, not till the zoth of
Artaxerxes the fecond, 4330. has not fo plain ab-
furdities; but it has fome,:
1 ft, That it felf is unlikely ; that the temple
fhould ftand 130 years without any city, or good
number of houfes about it.
2dly, As Eliafiib, who was Jefiua's grandfon,
was high-prieft at the building the wall; there
will in the 200 years of the Perfian reign, be
but three high- priefts for the firft 150 years,
Jefjua, Joiakim, and Eliafiib ; and there will be
three for the laft 50, Joiada, Johanan, Jaddua.
^dly, This fuppofal does utterly fpoil the
computation of Daniel's 70 weeks to end at or
about the time of our Saviour's death ; in which
fo many Chriftians have taken fo much pains:
For 490 years begun in the time of Artaxerxes
Longimanus (either at his 20th year, when Nehe
miah built the city-wall ; or at his 7th year ,
when Ezra came and reform'd religion) may be
made to end there or thereabouts. But if they
begin 60 years after, under Artaxerxes Mnemon,
they will (though we take his 7th year, 4317.)
reach to 4807. which is not only beyond Christ's
death, but beyond the destruction of Jerujalem
and burning of the temple by Titus ; and almoft
to the time of the utter extirpation of the Jews
out of Judea by Adrian.
Therefore rather than admit interpretations
fubject to fo many improbabilities, other learned
men (among whom the great and pious late Dean
of Norwich, having largely difcufs'd the reafons
pro W contra) do think that Nehemiah himfelf in
the forefaid catalogues of high-priefts went no
farther than Eliafiib, or, it may be, to Joiada ;
and

on the Old Testament. 263
and that the names of the later ones were hy Ezra.
fome later hand put in after his time : Perhaps
by the Sanhedrim, or perhaps by fome other ftu-
dious readers putting in the margin the high-
priefts that had been fince the author's time.
We cannot deny, nor need we deny, that fome
fuch things have been done in fome books of
fcripture. When Mojes had largely written the
hiftory of the world, and of his own nation, and
of his own life to near the time of his death ;
fome other prophet, or holy men, added at the
end a fhort account of his death. And fome old
names of places us'd in the oldeft books, have
in later editions or tranfcripts had the newer
names of the fame places inferted inftead of
the old. And this feems to me the moft pro
bable refolution of the prefent difficulty.
As for Jojephus (who> in many other histories
of the fcripture-times gives good help for the
chronology of them) he is fo far from helping
here, that he has miferably confounded the ac
counts of the times of all the Perfian empire.
That which lafted about 200 years, one would
guefs by him to have lafted but 50 or 60. As
he had, it feems, no chronicle of his own nation
for thofe times, fo he feems not to have read the
Greec hiftorians (fome of whom, Herodotus, Thu-
cydides, Sec. liv'd in thofe times) who give a very
particular account of them. He makes Ezra and
Nehemiah to have come to Jerujalem, not in Ar-
taxerxes's time ; but much earlier, in the time of
Xerxes his father. He makes no other ufe of
Artaxerxes's name than that he was husband to
Efther. And paffes from him immediately to
Alexander. And one Sanballat, who in Alexan
der's time, built, as he fays, the febifmatical
temple on Gerizim, one would guefs by him to
S 4 be

264 '- Critical Notes
Ezra, be the fame Sanballat who was a great enemy to
Nehemiah. Either his books of Ezra and Nehe
miah were different from ours, or elfe he has
taken unfitting liberties in his abstract from them.
He feems to have had no copy of Ezra,' but
that which we call the apocryphal one ; and, he
differs at pleafure from that: for that places Ez
ra and Nehemiah under Artaxerxes.
And whereas I had faid [on Deut. xxvii. 4.]
that the Samaritans built their temple on mount •
Gerizimin the time of Alexander the Great, about
the year of P. J. 4383. the reader may under
ftand that I fpoke that in compliance with this
account in Jofephus. But moft learned men are
now convinced that Jof. was fed into this opinion
from his having no account of the true length of
the Perfian empire, and that the Sanballat whom
he mentions as governor of Samaria in the time
of Alexander (and by whofe means, and his in-
terceffion with Alexander, the temple was (as
he fays) built on mount Gerizim) was the fame
Sanballat often mention'd by Nehemiah, and who
feems to have been then governor of Samaria.
And as Jofi. fays that a fon of a high-prieft of
the Jews marry'd the daughter of Sanballat, and
as Nehemiah (ch. xiii. 28.) fays that one of the
Jons oj Joiada Jon oj Eliafhib, the high prieft, was
jon-in-law to Sanballat : therefore there is little
doubt but that the Sanballat of Jof. was the San
ballat of Nehemiah. And as Nehemiah lived 100
years before Alexander, therefore it feems pro
bable that the temple on mount Gerizim was
built, not in the time of Alexander, and of Da
rius Codomannus, but about 90 years before, in
the time of a former Darius (who was the, fuc
ceffor of the Artaxerxes in Neb.) called Darius
Nothus, viz. about ann. Pi J. 4293. See Dr.
Prideaux,

cb^Old Testament. 265
Pridedux, who has at large difcufs'd this mat
ter. As for the order of thefe books, Chronicles,
Ezra, Nehemiah, I conceive clearly that Chro
nicles was writ the laft of them. My reafons I
referve till I come to the texts on which they are
grounded. If Ezra wrote the Chronicles, I be
lieve he did it after the times of Nehemiah's wri
ting, and of his government. And if he had
written the book of his own life and of that peo
ple from the time of Cyrus, before ; he put the
words of the firft paragraph thereof to the end .
of his book of Chronicles, as being a book proper
to be read after the book of Chronicles.
There is alfo fome reafon to think that Nehe
miah, though he came later to Jerujalem by 13
years than Ezra did, yet wrote his hiftory be
fore Ezra wrote his ; becaufe that register of the
number that came up at firft with Zorobabel; '
(which is the only thing that is common in both
their books, Nehem. vii. and Ezra ii.) that chro
nicle, I fay, or regtfter, Nehemiah fays that he
found it (in fome archive, I fuppofe) which phrafe
he would probably not have 'us'd if Ezra had
juft before publifh'd an edition of it. This rea
fon is not fo cogent, but that we may read Ezra
firft. .. I. 5. Then rofe up the chief of the fathers of Ju- Ezra.
dab and Benjamin.] 6,  the matters of fami
lies—— «^ov7e; ,twv 7rdlt>iw.
8. And numbered them unto Shefibazzar the
prince of Judah.] This feems to be the Perfian
name for Zorobabel. Compare Haggai i. 14. and
ii. 2. 1 1. All the veffels of gold and oj filver were five
thoufand and jour hundred.] The particulars reckon'd

266 Critical Notes
Ezra. reckon'd in the foregoing verfes amount but to
2499. 4, as Heb. But in the apocryphal EJdras the
particulars amount to 5469. ch. ii. 13. and the
fum is there fet fo. That the particulars in Heb.
may not difagree from the fum, Trem. tranflates
the laft words of f 10. (which in Eng. and other
tranflations is [and other veffels 1000.] thus,
And other veffels by the thoufands. Jojephus
reckons them, 50 lavers of gold; and 500 of
filver; 50 pots of gold, and 400 of filver; 30
great phials of gold, and 2400 of filver ; iooo
other great veffels, Wc. in all 5210.
II. 2 . Which came up with Zerubbabel:
Here Nehem. vii. 7. 1 EJdras v. 8.
Jefiua Jefiua J ejus
Nehemiah Nehemiah Nehemiah
Seraiah Azariah Zacariab
Reelaiah Rdamiab Rejaiab
Naamani Eneniah
Mordecai Mordecai Mordecai
Bilfian Bilfian Belfar
Mifpar Mifpereth Afpbaras
Bigvai Bigvai Reeliab
Rebum Nehum Romeliab
Baanah Baanah Baana
5. Children of Arab, feven hundred feventy, and
five. ] Nehem. vii. Six hundred and fifty two.
Efdras v. Seven huncjred and fifty fix.
Such differences there are feveral ; which feem
to have been made by fcribes and copiers. The
total fum both here and in Nehemiah, both in
Heb. and 6, and alfo in Efdras, is fet down the
fame, 42,360. But the particulars in each book
amount to different fums: none of them coming
near to 42000 ; but about 30000, more or lefs.
It is the general opinion, and is very probable,
that all the families here number'd were of Judah
2 and

on the O l d T e s t am e n t. 167
and Benjamin: and that of the other 10 tribesSzra.
there came about 12000 ; not number'd by their
families, yet included in the fum total.
II. 16. Children of Ater of Hezekiah, ninety and
eight.] Thefe names, Ater, and Hezekiah, are
at Nehem. x. 17. fo fet with a flop between them,
that they make the names of two feveral fami
lies. But that is the miftake of fcribes. In Vulg.
it is at Nehem. vii. 21. Children of Ater fon of
Hezekiah. And at this place, Children of Ater
which were of Hezekiah. 4 here is, "ate£ to 'e£s-
Kid. 68, 69. Offered freely for the houfe of God, to
fet it up  They gave threefcore and one thoufand
drams of gold, and five thoufand pound of filver,
and one hundred priefis garments.] 9 Vat.- — -
61,000 p«) of gold, 5000 p«! of filver. 4 Alex,
Aid. —— drachms ¦ drachms  . Vulg.
t -.41,000 or 61,000 folidos vel drachmas-
drachms — .
All tranflations agree in the hundred prieft*
garments. Nehemiah vii. 70. recites the gifts more par
ticularly thus:
The Tirfliatha gave I looodrs. and 50 bafons 5 30 priefts garments
Chief of fathers gave gold I- 20000 drs. filver 2200 pds.
Reft of people gave I 20000 drs. filver 2000 pds. 67 priefts garments
41000 4200 597
gold
i, Tirlhath \iVat . Nthemiab] 1000 fcgvai;, 50 p/«?i« 30 priefts garments
Chief of fathers 20000 filver 2300 f*va.t
Reft of people 20000 2200 67 priefts garments
Here, *if this be the fame donation (as I think
all underftand it ; fave that 4 Vat. contrary, to 4
AleX. and Aid. call the Tirfiatha here Nehemiah,
whereas Zorobabel was at this time the Tirfiatha)
the difference of numbers erroneoufly written by
fcribes is "great : The pieces of gold are in Nehe miah

,268 Critical Notes
Ezra, miah (befide the 50 bafons) 41,000; which in
Ezra are 61,000 (fave that Vulg is there alfo
41,000 in the text, but 61,000 in the margin.)
But the difference of tranflators in valuing the
pieces is much greater: .What Eng. calls 61,000
drachms of gold,o Vat. calls fo many puds of
gold, an incredible fum. A drachm of filver
(as Dr. Prideaux computes) 9 pence ; and a p#
of filver , 9 pound. And gold muft have the
fame proportion. But 4 Alex, and Aid. do mend
that. The original word is, it feems, daricbs,
01 ¦"' darichmons ; which learned men value at a
little more than a guinea. The filver is in Ezra
5000 pound ; in Nehemiah, 4200. 4 Alex, is
wrong to call thefe, drachms. The moft con-
fpicuous difference is in the priefts garments.
But it is only in the Heb. of Nehemiah. In Ezra
all the editions make them 10b. in Nehemiah,
the Tirfiatha gives 530. the people 67. But in
0 there, the Tirfiatha gives 30 ; the people, 67 ;
jn all 97: which is. fo near 100, that in Ezra
'tis call'd 100. So that in the number of Heb.
530. 'tis only the 30 that is genuine: For the
500 they are beholding to the Heb. fcribe of Ne
hemiah. This I fpeak only on fuppofal that' it
is the fame donation mention'd here and in Nehe
miah. III. 9. Then ftood Jefiua  and the Jons oj
Judah together.] Jefiua (not the high-prieft,
but) the Levite, mention'd ch. ii. 40. where alfo
the name of that Levite, which is here written
Judah, is written Hodaviah., • ¦ ,
IV. 2. Since the days oj Ejar-baddon king ojAJ-
fur, which brought us up hither.] Efar-haddon, 2
> Kings xx. 39. brought a fecond colony after that
brought by Salmanajar. And this fame man at
fio. is call'd AJnapper.
IV. 7.

on the OldTes t am E n t. 269
IV. 7. The letter was written in the Syrian Ezra,
tongue. ] The Chaldee call'd here the Syrian:
And on that occafion Ezra begins here to write
in Chaldee, and continues in that language to ch.
vii. f 27. and then proceeds in Hebrew. For
after that there is no more of Perfian laws or
affairs. V. 4. , Then Jaid we unto them after this man
ner, What are the names of the men that make this
building ? ] 4, Then they faid to them thus ;
What are the names of the men ? Wc.
Whoever reads the paffages before and after to
the end of f 10. will conclude that 4 is the right
reading ; and that the Heb. fcribe has put,we fetid,
inftead of, they faid. Eng. or the other tranfla
tors that would refolutely follow Heb. fhould
have done as Vulg. does ; i. e. turn the queftion
into an anfwer: [Then we in anfwer told them,
what the names of the men were] For it is plain
that the queftion was ask'd by the Samaritans.
And befides Ezra the writer was not then born,
or was not there ; that he fhould fay, We.
5. Till the matter came to Darius: and then they
returned anfwer.] 4, — and. then anfwer was
returned. VI. 3. Let the height thereof be threefcore cubits,
and the breadth threefcore cubits.] Men skill'd *\n
Hebrew do fay that the wprd here tranflated,
breadth, may be tranflated, length ; which was
indeed 60 cubits. But 4 is, breadth. The height
is fpoken of by Jofephus otherwife than in the
fcripture. He. fays, Solomon's temple was 120
cubits high": and this wanted 60 of it. Ufier
thinks this order was given by Cyrus; but not
fulfill'd as to, the meafures.
10. That they may offer Jacrifices — — and pray
Jor the life of the king, and of. his fons, ] Here Dr.
Allix

27© Critical Notes
hxra, 'Allix raifes an argument that this could not be
Darius Hyftafpis: for that he at his fecond year
had no fons. It is too long to enquire into the
hiftory. But whether he had or no, the phrafe
is not improper. As the prayers of this houfe
were to be continued to generations, it was an
obligation on them always to pray for the king,
his heirs, and fucceffors ; whether he had yet any
fons or not,
VI. 14. And the Jews builded, and proffered'-'
according to the commandment oj Cyrus, and Da
rius, and Artaxerxes [ lege Arta-Sbafla ] king of
Perfia.?] The queftion is, what king Ezra de-
figns by the name of Artaxerxes [or, Arfa-Shaftaf]
tlfief obferves that one of the nobles of Darius-,
one that had pin'd in killing the Magus, was in
authority next to, and almoft equal to, Darius
himfelf; and that he might have the title of Arta-
Sbafla: and that he was a favourer of the Jews.
, Or perhaps Ezra might mean, that as Cyrus, and
Darius before his time, had promoted the build
ing ; fo Artaxerxes was now a favourer of their
profperity. 15. The houfe was' finified on the third day oj
the mdnth Adar, in the fixth year oj Darius.] 1
EJdras Apocrypb. vii. 5..  the 23d day—— in
the 6th. Joj— the 23d day  9th.
'Tis very pofiible that 23d inftead of 3d may
be right (though 4 is as Heb.) But Jojephus af
figning 7 years to the building (for fo he fays^ It
was finifh'd in 7 years, in the 9th year, of Da
rius) feems a wilful addition of 3 years to the
time. He in all the hiftory affects ftatelinefs.
VII. 1, Ajter theje things in the reign oj Artax
erxes, Sec] It was now (in the 7th year of Ar
taxerxes) $0. years after What he had fpoken of
laft ; the'finifhing of the temple the 6th of Da
rius.

on the Old Testament.' 271
rius. The temple finifhed, 4198. and now it Ezra.
was 4257. Having related thofe former things,
he now comes to speak of his own times, and
of himfelf.
VII. 1. Ezra, the Jon oj Seraiah, the Jon oj
Azariah, the Jon oj Hilkiah, Sec] Ezra was near
of kin to the high-prieft (which I guefs was now
Joiakim.) They were both defcended from Se
raiah the laft high-prieft of Solomon's temple. In
Eng- it is, The Jon oj Seraiah. It is meant, a fon,
or defcendant of him. Seraiah himfelf was kill'd
by Nebuchadnezzar, 130 years before. In the gene
alogy of Seraiah up to Aaron recited here, and 1
Chron. vi. there is this difference, that in that of
Chron. going up from Zadok, Ahitub, Amariab,
there are four names ; and then Zadok, Ahitub,
Amaria, again : which feven are either interpo
lated there, or elfe omitted here. 0 is as Heb.
in both. 13. And of his priefts, and Levites.] 4, And
of the priefts, and Levites.
22. Meajures oj wheat?] Cors of wheat.
23. Whatjoever is commanded by the God oj hea
ven let it be diligently done jor the houje oj the God
oj heaven : jor why fiould there be wrath againft
the realm oj the king and his Jons? ] 4, — let
it be done. Take diligent heed that none offer
any injury to the houfe of the God of heaven :
for why fhould, Wc.
Here again it is objected that Artaxerxes Lon-
gimanus had at his 7th year no fons. See on ch.
vi. f 10.
VIII. 1. Theje are now chief of their fathers —
that went up with me.] 6, and Vulg. Now thefe
men, being chief men of their families — * went
up with me. VIII. 5.

2j2 Critical Notes ,
Ezra. VIII. 5. Of the fons of Shecaniah, the. fon of Ja
haziel, and with him three hundreds] 4, Of the
fons of Zethoah, Shecaniah the fon of Aziel, and
with him 300. ,
This family is, ch. ii. 8. call'd in.Eng.Zat-,
tu ; but in 4 and Vulg. Zathuab. Heb. has here
quite omitted the name of it. Ezra names the
families of all that went with him. .,,,.,
10. Of the fons of Shelomitb, the fon of Jofiphi-
ah, and with him an hundred and threejcore.] , 0,
Of the fons of Bani, Shalomith, the fon of Jofl-
phiah, and with him 160^
This is juft fuch another inftance of omiflion
in Heb. as the former. For the family of Bani,
fee ch. ii. 1 1.
13. And oj the laft Jons ojAdonikam, wboje names
are theje, Sec] 4, Of the fons of Adonikam were
the laft ; whofe names are thefe,- Wc.
Yet he names after them, the fons of Bigvai.
The whole number that came with Ezra, was,
1496.
/ 15. 1 viewed the people, and the priefts, and
jound there none of the fons of Levi?] No fons of
Levi diftinct from the priefts.
1 7. That they fiould bring us minifters for the
houfe of our God,] 4, Singers.
20. And of the Nethinims, whom David and the
princes had appointed for the fervice of the Levites.
two hundred and twenty. ] This is a clear ac
count what the Nethinims were : not Levites,
and perhaps not natural Ifraelites ; but fome
whom the kings and nobles had given to the
Levites for flaves. 0 is, «s h^uot-v. Of Levites
and Nethinims here are added to the former fum,
, 258. 26. Six hundred and fifty talents oj filver, and
filver veffels an hundred talents, and oj gold an
2

>

On fhe O L D .T E S T A M E N T. 273
hundred talents.] i, and Vulg.  [and a hun-Ezra.
dred filver veffels, and, pf gold a hundred ta
lents. Heb. here feems to have the word [talents]
once too often. The whole was a million ster
ling value.
IX. 1. The Moabites, the Egyptians, and the
Amoritesf] 4, 0 M««|31, 0 Moireg), x, a 'App'p).
Thefe names are otherwife exprefs'd in Greec,
than in the former books : fo that here feems to
be a new Greec interpreter.
X. 3. According to the counfel of thy lord, and
of thofe that tremble at the commandment of our
God.] i, As thou dofl advife. Arife, put them
in fear concerning the commandment, Wc.
6. Went into the chamber of Johanan the fon of
Eliajhibf] Eliafiib the high-prieft had not a fon
but a grandfon, Johanan. But this muft be, I
think, another Eliafiib, and another Johanan.
8. All his Jubftance fiould be forfeited.] 6, and
Marg. Devoted, or, accurfed.
12. As thou haft faid, fo muft we do.] 4, This
word of thine is a great thing for us to do.
34. Of the fons of Bani, Maadai, Sec] Heb.
had had that family before at f 29. In 6, one
is Bavis/ (the fame, I fuppofe, as Nehem. vii. 15.
is call'd Binnui) the other here b«W.

Vol. II. T Nehemiah.

274 Critical Notes1
Nehemiah.
HE came from the court of Artaxerxes [or,
Artafoafta] to Jerujalem 13 years after the
time that Ezra did ; viz. ann. 4270. And Ezra
flay'd at Jerujalem all his time, and, I think,
longer. He came with a commiffion from that
king to build and wall the city, which had hi
therto lain wafte and ruinous. The prophecy of
Daniel had been, that from the going forth of
the commandment to reftore and to build Jeru
falem, to the cutting off of the Meffiah, fhould
be 69 weeks (or, as fome apply the words, 70
weeks) of years; i.e. 483 or 490 years. Now
our Saviour having been put to death the year
4746. or Ann. Dom. 33. it is plain that 483 ad
ded to the year 4270. do reach 6 years beyond
the time of Christ's death ; and 490 added do
reach 13 .years beyond it. Ufier therefore had
fet up the 20th of Artaxerxes (which was the
year on which Nehemiah came) 9 years higher
than it ftands in Ptolomy's canon, or in the ordi-
'nary accounts. That canon gives 21 years to
Xerxes, and makes Artaxerxes begin not before
4250. But Ufier makes Xerxes's time but 12. and
Artaxerxes to begin 4241. And then his 20th
year will be 4261. which allows a larger fpace
for the 70 weeks. But Dr. Prideaux choofes ra
ther to let the times cf Artaxerxes ftand as they
did ; and to begin Daniel's weeks at Ezra's com
ing. The reafons for each of thefe hypothefes
are too long to recite ; and were examin'd by
Bp. Montague long ago: Nor is the difference
of great moment. AHagree that Nehemiah came
the 20th of Artaxerxes ; fave that Jof. will have
it, to be the 25th of Xerxes ; who reign" d but 21.
I. 4> 5.

on the Old Testament. 275
I. 4, 5. And prayed before the God of heaven — Nehemiah.
1 befeech thee, O Lord God of heaven. ] That
name of God, exprefs'd in prayer or fpeaking
of God [The God of heaven] feems to have been
in conftant ufe with the Perfians. Their kings
ufe it in all their edicts ; and it is more frequent
in Ezra and Nehemiah than in the former books.
II. 1 . And it came to pafs in the month Nifan,
in fhe twentieth year of Artaxerxes.] The month
Chifteu in his 20th year had been mention'd be
fore, ch. i. 1. So that Nehemiah muft reckon the
beginning of his 20th year, not from Nifan, but
either from Tizri, September, or elfe from that
month, whichfoever it was, on which 'his reign
began. 8. That be may give me timber to make beams
for the gates of the palace which appertaineth to the
houfe, and for the wall of the city.] 4, — — tim
ber to build the gates, and for the wall of the,
city. 10. When Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah
the fervant, the Ammonite.] 6,  and that flave
Tobiah, the Ammonite.
18. And they faid, Let us rife up and build.]
4, And I faid  So Vulg.
19. And they laughed us to feorn, and dcfpifed
us, and faid.] 6,  laughed us to fcorn, and
came to us, and faid.
III. 8. And they fortified Jerufalem unto the
broad wall.] Marg. and 4, and Vulg. and Trem.
They left Jerufalem.
Eng. who never will forfake Heb. to follow 4
for the fenfe, do here forfake both for the fenfe,
Trem. thinks it was a piece of crofs-wall (not of
the outer wall) which was not needful.
T 2 III. 16.

276 Critical Notes
Nehemiah. HI. 1 6. Vnto the pool that was made, and unto
the houfe of the mighty. ] The pool, probably
that which Hezekiah made, 2 Mings xx. 20, Hpufe
of the ftrong men, the place where had ftood a
guard-houfe. 4, Beth-haggerim.
IV. 10. And Judah faid, The ftrength of the
bearers of burdens is decayed, and there is muchrub-
bifi, fo that we are not able to build the wall. ]
The fenfe ' is,' I think, that the labourers com-
plain'd that fo many men being taken off from
the work to keep guard, f 9. the remainder
would not be ahle to do the work of building.
Therefore Nehemiah, #13. made the chief in
habitants themfeives to keep guard, that the la
bourers might be all employ'd in the building.,
But whereas Trem. and Eng. have in that f- 13.
high places and low places, 4 and Vulg. have no
thing of that.
IV. 12. When the Jews which dwelt by them
came, they faid unto us ten times, From ajl places
whence ye fiall return unto us [ they will be upon.
you.] 4,—. — dwelt near them, came, they faid
to us, They come up from all places againft us.
There is no doubt but this laft is the true read
ing. Caft. in his notes pn this place fays, the
Heb. fcribe has put here the fecond perfon, Te
fh'all return, inftead of, They will cpme up. On
which occafion he fays that in many other places
this book is deprav'd. Eng. puts in words to
make out the fenfe ; but to no purpofe. Biffiop
Patrick fays that inftead of [They fajd to us ten,
times] fhould be read [They informed us of
our danger.] 'Tis certaip there is nothing of,
ten times, in 4.
iy, 18. They that builded on the wa}h and they
that bare burdens, with thofe that laded, every one
with one of his hands wrought in the work, and with
1 the

on the" Old Testament. 277
the other hand held a Weapon. For the buildersNdemiab.
every one bad bis Jword girded by his fide.] 4, and
Vulg. are here difturb'd: But their fenfe feems to
be, that the builders had fwords by their fide, arid
they that carry'd burdens ori their fhoulders had
alfo weapons iriorte hand: Not that they that did
mafons work, work'd with one hand ; which is
difficult to conceive. See Patrick.
IV. 23. None of us put off our clothes, [faving
that] every one put them off for wafiing] That
felvo is not in 4. It is in' Vulg. But Marg.
Trem. Caft. Wc. do not allow it.
V. 2. We, our Jons, and our daughters are ma
ny: ther e jot e we take up corn jor them, &c] Vulg.
Caft. Trem.  we muft fell them for money to
buy corn.
5. Yet now our flejh is as the flejh oj our bre
thren: our children as their children.] 0, Vulg.
Caft. Trem. Our. flefh [i. e. our life] and our
children are as dear to us, as their [the rich
mens] life and children are to them.
7. Ye exacl ufury every one oj his brother.] 4,
Would any one ufe a brother as you do ?
1 1. The hundredth part oj the money, and ojthe
corn, and' of the wine, and the oyl, which you'ex-
abJ of them.] One per cent, ufury per month,
which is- 12' per cent, per annum.
VI. 2; In'foiHe one of the villages in the plain
of Ono.] 4, 'Ev t«jj Kw^osi?.
Vulg. h€re for viculis, has vitulis, the calves of
Ono ; an inftance wliat norifenfe trartfcribers can
make of a text.
6. If is reported among the heathen-, and Gafi-*
mu faith it'.]' Vulg.-^- — among the nations,
arid Gefem faith it. 4 Has nothing of Gefem.
6, 7. That thou fnayft be their king according ta
thefe Words. And thou haft alfo appointed prophets
to preach of thee at Jerufalem, faying, There « a

*i% Critical Notes
Nehemiah, king in Judah: and now Jhall it be reported to the
king according to theje words. Come now, Sec] 4,
That thou mayft be their king : and accordingly
thou haft appointed prophets for thy felf, that
thou mayft fit in Jerujalem as king of Judah.
Now thefe words will be told to the king. Come
therefore, Wc.
VI. 14, And on the prophetejs Noadiab.] 4,
and Vulg. The prophet Noadiab.
15. So the wall was finified on the twenty fifth
day oj EM, in fijty two days.] Jojephus thought
this would appear too mean : fo he encreafes the
number to two years, three months. And as he x
had fet Nehemiab's coming on the 25th of Xerxes,
makes the finifhing to be on his 28th.
VII. 5. And f found a regifter— oj them which
came up at the firft, and found written therein.]
This regifter is the fame with that in Ezra: It
has the fame names, and the fame numbers ; fave
where the tranfcribers have made a difference. It
feems by the words, that Nehemiah found it; and
that Ezra copy'd it from him.
33, 34. Men oj the other Nebo, fijty two — Oj
the other Elam, one thoujand two hundred and fijty
jour.] Here is omitted one family. In .Ezra ii,
29. it is, Of Nebo, 52; of Magbifi, 156; of
the other Elam, 1254. Yet though thefe 156
he here loft, the particulars in Nehemiah come to
more than in Ezra.
43. Levites: children oj Jefiua, oj Kadmiel —
oj Hodevah, Jeventy jour.] This Hodevab is, Ez
ra ii. 40. Hodaviah, and Ezra iii. 9. Judah.
70. And Jome oj the chief fathers gave to the
work: the Tirfiatha gave, Sec] This, I think,
is part of the regifter of men, and of gifts given
in Zorobabel's time ; and accordingly is, or fhould
be, the fame in Ezra ii. and here. 4 Vat. indeed for

on the Old Testament. 279
for Tirfiatha in this verfe, puts Nehemiah (as ifmhemiab.
it were a gift of Nehemiah, or in his time.) But
this feems a miftake; which is not in 4 Alex. Aid.
Comp. nor in any tranflator : Yet the editors of
Vulg. do give their opinion, that this is not part
of the old regifter. (That they fay ends at the end
of f 69.) and that this is a continuation of Nehe-
miah's hiftory of himfelf, and his own time.
However it be, one would take it to be the fame
with that recited by Ezra, ch. ii. 68. As for
the differences of the fums given in this and that,
fee there. Only whereas the number of the priefts
garments is there 100, it is here in Heb 597. but
in 4 it is but 97, which, I guefs, are in Ezra
call'd by a round fum, 100.
VII. 73. So the priefts, and the Levites — and all
IJrael dwelt in their cities.] Here the chapter ends
in 4, and Vulg. and Caft. And fo it fhould do in
all editions: For here is either the end of the regif
ter, or however, here is the end of that narrative of
the donation. Eng. it felf ends the fecond chap
ter of Ezra at thefe fame words : Whereas to add
to the tail of them (as the Englijh tranflator of
Nehemiah has here done) thofe words, And when
the Jeventh month was come (which are the begin
ning of a new narrative) is tp confound the 7th
month of the firft year of Cyrus, 4178. (of which
Ezra is fpeaking, ch. iii. 1. and wherein Zoroba
bel is mention'd) with the 7th month of the 21ft
of Artaxerxes, 4271. where Ezra's reading of the
law is mention'd, and which Nehemiah in the next
chapter fpeaks of.
•u VII J. 2. Ezra the prieft brought the law — the.
firft day oj the Jeventh month. ] The feaft of tru m-
pets. The law was order'd to be read to the
people once in feven year on the feventh month,
Deut. xxxi. 10. but that was order'd on the 15th
T4 day

280 Critical Notes
Nehemiah-day at the feaft of tabernacles. This was an ex
traordinary occafion.
VIII. '8.' So they read in the. book, in the law oj
God diftinclly, and gave the fenje, and caufed then*
to underftand the reading] 6, They read in the
book, in the law of God. And Ezra taught
them, and gave them the diftinftions in the
knowledge of the Lord. And the people un
derftood the reading.
The people had liv'd fo long in Babylonia,
that there might need an interpreter to make
them underftand the Hebrew, in which the law
> was written,
9. This day is holy unto the Lord.] The feaft
pf trumpets.15. And that they fiould publifi and proclaim in
all their cities, and in Jerujalem, Jaying, Go forth,
unto the mount, Sec] 4, And that they fhould
found with trumpets in all their cities, and in
Jerufalem. And Ezra faid, Go forth unto the
ipount, Wc.
17. Since the days of Jpfiuah — unto that day,
had not the children of Ifrael done fo.] It feems
this making booths or arbours had been neglecT
ted all the days of Judges and Kings. But I fup
pofe the facrifices and other rites of the feaft of
tabernacles had been obferv'd.
18. A folemn ajfemtty,] Marg. A restraint,
0, 'Ef o'<hov. Vulg. Collectam. Trem. Diem in-
$rdicti. IX. 1 . Now in the twenty and jourfh day ojthis
month the cbildren oj .IJrael were ajfembled with
fafting, Sec] The 10th day of this month (for
% was the 7th month) was a fafting-day by, law.
4. Jefhua, and Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniab, Bun-,
ni, Sherebiab, Bani, [and] Cbenani.] Among thefe

onthe Old Testament. 281
thefe names is. Bani twice, and Bunni once. B\il Nehemiah,
6 read them all Bern.
4, Jefiua, and the fons of Kadmiel. Shebaniab,
fon of Sberebiah. The fons of Che<nani,
Among the families of Levites, the children
of Kadmiel are reckon'd in Ezra ii. Nehemiah
vii. Wc
IX. 6. Thou, even thou, art Lord alone, &c. ]
4, And Ezra faid, Thou art the only Lord, Wc
So that all this prayer through all this chap
ter, which Heb. leaving out Ezra's name, afcribes
to fome Levites foremention'd, was made by Ez-
ra the prieft. And fo Jojephus recites it as a
prayer of his.
2 1. Yea, forty years didft thou Juftain them in
the wildernejs.] 4, AiiO^ae.
This makes the 6Tgo$o<po'g)j<r«s- at Afts xiii. 1 8<-
a more probable rqading than iT^on-ocpo'gija-*?.
22. Thou gaveft them kingdoms and nations, and?
didft divide, themdnto\carners.] 4,— kingdoms, and
didft divide nations to them. Vulg.— and didft di
vide lots [or, fhares, or, inheritances] to them.
Either of thefe is more likely than dividing
them into corners. And fo in the next words, 4
is , They poffefledi the land of Sihon- king of
Hefibon. But Eng. The land of Sihon, and the
land of the king- of Hefhbon, As if they were
not both, one. The Heb. fcribe has put in [and
the land] once too often.
X. 1 j 2, 3, 4, &c. Thoje that Jealed, were— Se
raiah, Azariah, Jeremiah, Sec Theje ¦ were the
priefts.] It is a, queftion whether thefe were par
ticular men, or famjlies of priefts, which fealed
the, covenant^
The names are, moft of them, the fame with
the names of thofe 21 chief men among the
priefts which an, hundred years before had come up

282 Critical Notes
Nehemiah. up with Zerubbabel and Jefhua; mention'd ch,
xii. 1, 2, 3. and the number of names the fame.
Which, I think, could not have happen'd, but
that thefe are recited as the families, or defcen-
dants of them. It is plainly fo in the recital of
the Levites that fign'd, f 9. and of the people
at f 14, Wc And this is render'd more pro
bable, for that in 4 the word tfo? {forfan 4(9) ) is
fet before the firft of them, and, I guefs, appli
cable to them all ; and that inftead of Seraiah,
Azariah, Wc. fhould be read, The fon [or, fons]
of Seraiah, Azariah, Wc. Let any one compare
the names.
X. 14, 15. Zatthu, Bani, Bunni, Azgad, &c]
Bani [or, Binnui] is mention'd in the catalogue,
ch. vii'. but Bunni is not : It is perhaps only a
reiterated writing of the fame word.
16. Adonijah.,] Adonikam, I fuppofe. See
the catalogue, ch. vii. 18.
17. Ater, Hizkiab.] Ater of Hezekiah. See
the catalogue, ch. vii. 21.
Juft fo the fcribes have done with Pahath-
Mo'ab, which is one name of one family. Yet
they here at f 14. have made two mens names
out of that word Affur, and the names that fol
low, fome in the catalogue, and fome not. Baa-
nab ends that catalogue and this.
32. Alfo we made ordinances for us, to charge
our felves yearly with the third part of a fiekel.] ¦¦
The law had charged every perfon with half of a
fhekel. This, I fuppofe, was to be over and
befide that. 2s. sd, or 2 s. 6 d. a perfon,
34. We caft lots among the priefts, the Levites,
and the people, for the wood- offering.] This is a
thing which feems never to have been provided
for by law before Nehemiah's time. There was
to be a continual fire kept on the altar. We do

on the Old Testament. 283
do not read of ,any provifion of wood for this, Nehemab.
till now. Seech, xiii. 31.
XI. 3. Now ffhefie are the chief of the province
that dwelt at Jerufalem.] This chapter muft be
compar'd and read together with 1 Chron. ix.
They are both on the fame fubject. In one,
Nehemiah, in the other, Ezra, or whoever is the
writer, tells who were the chief men of Judah
and Benjamin, and of the priefts, and of the Le
vites, fingers, Wc. that dwelt at Jerufalem in
their time. There were more of each of thefe at
Ezra's, than at Nehemiah's writing. Some of
the fame men are mention'd by both: But the
fcribes have fo mangled the names, that they
can hardly be known to be the fame. I can fee
no proof of that v/hich Dr. Allix fuggefted to
Bp. Patrick (and Patrick printed it) " That if
" the names of thefe perfons mention'd in this
" chapter be compar'd with the names of thofe
" that came back with Zerubbabel, it will appear
" that they were the fourth, fifth, and fixth ge-
« neration from Zerubbabel. Which is a de-
" monftration that Nehemiah did not come to
" Jerufalem in the time of Longimanus, but of
" Mnemon. "
I thbk the contrary of this appears in all pla
ces, except one which learned men think to be
interpolated : Of which I fpoke in the preface to
Ezra ; and muft fpeak again, ch. xii, 22, 23. of
this book,
I will fet down the names and genealogies of
fome of the men, as they ftand here, and as they
ftand at 1 Chron. ix.

Chief

Critical Notes
Chief men of Judah.
Nehemiah xi. 4. Athaiak 1 Chron. ix. 4. Utbai
5. Jjtfaajeiah,—* a. (on of Shi&xi $.Ajaiab,-— of the ShUonh 'a
Chief men of Benjamin.
y.Sallu, fon of £«//», fon of
Mejhullam, fon of Mejhullam
Joed Hoda<viah
Pedaiah Hafenuah
Kolaiab This Hada<viab is call'd, c. vii.
fAaaj'eiah 43. Hodcvab. Essra iii. 9.
Judah. Here, y«o/.

10.
Jedaiah, fon of
Jqjarib
jqcbin
Seraiah "Hilkiah -
Melhullam "Zadok
MerahthAhitub

Priefts 1 G&wa. ix. 10. Neh. xi. 12.
Jcdaiah Adaiab, fon of
Jehojarib
Jachin
AzariahHilkiah
MejhullamZadok

Priefts I Cron.ix. 1 z.
Adaiab
Jeroham

Meraioth Ahitub

Jeroham
Amzi-
ZechariahPajhur
Malchiab And
Amafhai, fon of Maajhiai

Pafhur
Malchijab

Azareel
Ahafai. Mejhullemotb-
lmmer

AdielJahzerah
Mejhullam Mejhullemetblmmer

'5-. ,
Shemaiah Hajhub
Azrikam

\C ix.i4%
Shemaiah Ha/hub
Azrikam

Hajhahiah Haffrabiah

Levites
17. 1C.ix.15
Mattaniah Mattimah
Micah Micah
Zabdi Zichri
Afaph' Afaph

17. 1C.ix.16. Obadiah
SbammutP Shemaiah
Galal Galal,
Jeduthun Jeduthun

Porters, or Guards.
'9- 1 Chron. ix. 17.
Akkub, Talmon, and their Shallum, Akkub, Talmtm, Ahi-
. brethren man

There

on the Old Testament. 2%
There were porters of the fame names that Nehemiah
came up with Zerubbabel; as is feen at ch. vii. 45.
So that thefe feem to be names of families: For
the fame men could not be living.
That the pedigree of Jedaiah fon of Jojarib,
f 10. is to be read as I have fet it (though the
fcribes have inftead of [fon of] put [and] be
tween the names, and fometimes nothing at all)
will, I think, be plain to any reader that com
pares both the books, and remembers the cata
logue of the later high-priefts down to Seraiah
(call'd fometimes Azariah) who was kill'd by
Nebuchadnezzar. And this Jedaiah (a prieft of
chief note in Ezra's and Nehemiah's time) being
but in the fourth generation from Seraiah kill'd
4126. is a proof that he could not be later than
the time of Artaxerxes Longimanus, 4276. He
muft be an old man that is great grandfon to a
man that was kill'd 150 years ago.
But though fome of the fame men were living
when Chronicles was written, which were living
when Nehemiah wrote ; yet Chronicles feems to
have been written later, becaufe Jerufalem which
was but thinly inhabited in Nehemiah's time,
grew more populous by degrees : arid when Chro
nicles was written, had many more gentlemen,
priefts, Levites, Wc. than it had when Nehemiah
wrote ; as appears in comparing thefe two chap
ters. There dwelt in Jerufalem
Nehemiah xi. 1 Chron. ix.
Chief men of Judah — 468 — 690
Chief men of Benjamin— 928 — 956
Priefts 1 1192 — 1760
Levites ¦ . . . 284 — not number'd
Porters, or guards of the
temple — «» 1 72 -*. 212
 XI. 22.

286 Critical Notes
Nehemiah. XI. 22. The overfeer of the Levites*— was Uzzi,
fion of Bani, fon of Hafhahiah, -fon of Mattaniah^
fon of Micah, of the fons of Afaph.] One Matta-
jiiab, fon of Micah, of the fons of Afaph, was
mention'd, f ij. He could not have a great-
grandfon an overfeer. It muft be fome other
Mattaniah: Or 6 muft be follow'd, which has
no Mattaniah in LVzzi'spedigree.
XII. 10, 1 1 . Jefhua begat Joiakim, and Joiakim
begat Eliajhib, and Eliajhib begat Joiada, and Joi
ada begat Jonathan, and Jonathan begat Jaddua.]
How thefe laft high-priefts could be nam'd in;
Nehemiah's book, who liv'd in the days of Eli
ajhib, fee here the preface to Ezra and Nehe-,
miah. 'Tis thought that fome later reader of
Nehemiah's book, feeing the pedigree of the high-
priefts brought down only to Eliajhib, or per
haps to Joiada, added in the margin the names
of the following ones to his own time: which
marginal addition came afterward into the text.
Jofephus, I. xi. calls Joiada, Judas ; and Jona
than, Joannes ; and Jaddua, Jaddus. And makes
Jaddus contemporary with Alexander the Great,
4383. And names the following high-priefts,
Onias, Eleazar, Manaffes, Onias II. Wc
17. Of Abijah, Zichri: of Miniamin — of Moa-
diah, Piltai.] Here is wanting the name of him
who came of Miniamin: Nor does 6 help ; fave
that Comp. if any one give heed to it, puts, Of
Beniamin, Kerps. Vulg. is, Of Miniamin and Mo-
adiah, Piltai. But Hattufb, who was one among
the progenitors, f 2. has no fucceffor nam'd;
nor is himfelf nam'd in this recapitulation ; nor by
6 at all.
22, 23. The Levites in the days of Eliajhib,
Joiada, and Johanan, and Jaddua, were recorded
chief of the fathers : alfo the priefts to the reign of
Darius.

oh ^Old Testament. 287
Darius the Perfian. The fons of Levi, chief of the Nehemiah.
fathers were written in the book of the chronicles,
even until the days of Johanan the fon of Eliajhib.]
6, and Vulg. are as Heb. fave that here and every
where inftead of [chief of the fathers] they have
[chief of their families] which feems the truer
reading. And inftead of [to the reign of Darius]
they have [in the reign.] But what to make of
the fenfe of the whole place, I muft corifefs I
know not. Befides the difficulty mention'd on
^10. of Nehemiah's being fuppos'd to fpeak of
priefts and Levites in future times as if they were
prefent or paft-: the firft of thefe two verfes fpeaks
of the Levites, written or regifter'd, to the times
of Jaddua: the next fpeaks of them as recorded
to a tirrje not fo far. And it cites a chronicle
wherein they are written; which, unlefs they
mean the book of Chronicles which we have,
muft be loft. And that which we have, has no
chapter relating to this matter but chap. ix. where
in is no mention of any high-prieft or king at
all. What feems moft probable, is, That it has
been a marginal interpolation of fome later read
er, who feeing the priests and Levites and porters,
the chief of them, recorded by name in this book
to the times of Joiakim, f 12, and 24, and 26.
added a marginal note referring to fome chro
nicle which had been written fince Nehemiah's
time, and had given the names of the following
high-priefts to Jaddua, and of the chief Levites
and priefts in thofe following times.
XII. 35. And certain of the priefts fons with
trumpets : [namely] Zechariah the fon of Jonathan,
the fon of Shemaiah, the fon of Mattaniah, the fon
of Micaiah, the fon of Zacchur, the. fon of Afaph.]
The word [namely] feems put in here by Eng.
wrong.

288 Critical Notes
Nehemiah.mong. And there fhould be a period at the
word [trumpets : ] For Zechariah, if he were a
fon of Afaph, was not a prieft ; but only a Le
vite. But what I think* more probable* is, That
there fhould be a break after the name, Shemaiah.
And that for [the fon of Mattaniah] fhould be
read [and Mattaniah.] For this Mattaniah was a
Levite living in Nehemiah's time 5 and is often
mention'd with the fame pedigree, only fome*
thing diverfify'd by fcribes.
Here he is ch.xi. 17. ,

Mattaniah, fon of

Mattaniah, fon of

Micaiah, fon of

Micah

Zaccur, fon of

Zabdi

Afaph

Afiaph

1 Chron. ix. 15.
Mattaniah, fon of Micah, fon of Zicbri, fon of Afaph.
The fame I think of f 22. where he is Matta<-
tiiab, fon of Micah, of the fons of Afaph. And
that many other fuch manglings have been made
of the names of other perfons.
XII. 37, 38, 39. And at the fountain-gate, Sec]
Ezra with his company went up at fountain-
gate, which was on the weft -fide, and com-
paffed all the fouth part to the water-gate on the
eaft. Nehemiah began near where they did ; and
compaffed the north fide.
46. For in the days of David and Afaph j of old,
there were chief of the fingers. ] 6, For in the
days of David, Afiaph was of old the chief of the
fingers. XIII. 4. And before this, Eliajhib the prieft,
having the overfigbt of the chamber of the houfe of
Cod,

on the Old Testament. 2&"<j
God, was allied to Tobiah.] 6, • Eliajhib aNehemiah.
prieft, who dwelt in a chamber—
Bp. Ufher concludes that this was not Eliafhib
the high-prieft ; but a prieft of that name.
XIII. 5. And the offerings of the priefts. ] 6,
And the priefts firft-fruits.
As the tythes were for the Levites, the firft-
fruits were the priefts.
6. In the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes
—-came I unto the king.] This confutes Jofephus,
who fuppofes this Artaxerxes to be Xerxes. But
Xerxes did not reign near 30 years in all.
20. The fellers of ware lodged without Jerufalem
once or twice.] 6, < lodged and made a fair
without, Wc.
28. One of the fons of Joiada, the fon of Elia
fhib the high-prieft, was jbn-in-law to Sanballat
the Horonite.] By this it would feem that Nehe
miah continued to fee joiada high-prieft : For
according to the ufage of the Old Teftament
writings, the words in Heb. [Joiada Ben Eliajhib]
are only the name of one perfon, viz. Joiada.
And therefore from the words, Joiada fon ofE-
liafhib, the high-prieft, we muft fuppofe that^a*"-
ada was high-prieft when Nehemiah wrote. See
Dr. Prideaux, fiub anno 409.

ToL.lt U Chronicles'*

290

Cr it ical Notes
1 Chronicles..
TH E book of Chronicles, which we divide
into two books, is fuppofed to be written
by Ezra; and that, I think, in his latter times :
efpecially that part of it which is now contain'd
in the firft nine chapters : For the ninth chapter
mentions men and things of very late times. All
the reft is a recapitulation of the hiftory of that
nation under the kings, from David's time to
the captivity : And is moftly the fame that had
been contain'd in the 2d book of Samuel; and
the two books of Kings; fave that it adds a more
particular account of fome circumstances ; and
efpecially of the courfes of the priefts, Levites,
fingers, Wc.
Thefe three parts of Ezra's works (the firft
eight chapters being a breviat of the Pentateuch,
Jofhua, Wc. containing the names and geriealo^
gies of the men from Adam to David: And then,
rhat fuller hiftory of the times of the kings:
And laftly, that book which he had written of
the hiftory from the captivity to his own times,
and of his own life and actions:) Thefe three, I
fay, taken together, do make an epitome of the
hiftory of all the Old Teftament books, from
the creation to his own time, and the latter part
of it : which we may well fuppofe to reach to thq
year 4300, or longer.
It mull be on this occafion (becaufe Ezra
wrote a compendium of, and had the name of
an epitomizer of, the books of the Old Tefta
ment) that fome romancer forg'd a ftory, that
all the books of the Old Teftament were once
loft, viz. in the time of the Babylonilh captivity;
and rhatj' Ezra had a revelation from God, in
which

on the Old Testament, 291
which he was enabled to write them all over
again. verbatim, and fome hundreds of books
more. And there was a legend written under
the name of Ezra, many hundred years after he
was dead (now-a-days callM by fome the 4th
book of Ezra) which makes him tell this ftory
of himfelf: How in the 30th year of the capti
vity (Which muft be in Nebuchadnezzar's time*
long before the true Ezra was born) he being in
a field near Babylon, wrote over all the Bible
(which had been loft) by infpiration. Or, I
think, he dictated, and fome amanuenfes wrote
it from his mouth.
That he was a restorer of the knowledge of
the law among the people (who had in great
meafure forgot it, and fell into weeping when
they heard it read) and that he reform'd ihany
ill ufages by fliewing the people wherein they de
viated from it ; is plain by the whole account of
his and Nehemiah's book. On which account he
might in fome fenfe be call'd a restorer of the
law. The way by which he reftor'd it, is ex
prefs'd, Nehem. viii. 1. 411 the people fipake unto
Ezra to bring tM book of the law of Mofes. And
he brought it, and read, and explain'd it from
morning till noon, Wc.
The ancient Christians likewife had a tradition
that he reftor'd the true reading of the text in
places where the copyers had made mistakes in
the writing;, (which is probable enough: And
there has been a* want of more Ezra's fince to
correct the miftakes that have come fince:) And
this is all, I think, that Ireneus means-, when
he fays, /. 3. c. 25. that the fcriptures having
been, during the captivity, corrupted, <fo«cf>8«s-
etta-uv twv yg«<p«v when the people were after
70 years return'd, then in the reign of Artax
erxes,
U 2

292 Critical Notes
erxes, God enabled Ezra the prieft to fet right
the words of the prophets, dvdloi-Zcu&cu xiyw • and
to reftore to its true ftate, d7t9zdlx?-!iir6u., the law
given by Mofes. If any of them meant any mors
than this (as Teftullian, 1. 1. de Cultu Fcsm. haS-
an odd faying, as if hfe did) it was a very ground-
lefs conceit, and injurious to the credit of the
holy books. Nor has there any thing happen'd
more prejudicial to the belief which either Jews
or Christians ought to have of their fcripture-
books, or that gives a greater handle to Atheifts
againft them, than fuch fables rnixt with them,
or made concerning them.
Jofephus knew nothing, nor had ever heard
any thing of this performance of Ezra. For
when he recites the great merits and encomiums
of him (on Which fubject he never is fparing)
he has nothing of any thing like this. And the
fame is obfervable of Syr acides. , Thofe of the an
cient Chriltians, who had heard, of this tradition,
did not take it from that fourth book of Ezra
(which, I fuppofe, was not then as yet forg'd)
for they knew the time in which Ezra liv'd,
which that ignorant author hau fet wrong, and
antedated it by 100 years. And whereas fome
now ( fince chronology is better underftood )
would falve the credit of that book by fuppofing
that there were two Ezra's; one in Nebuchad
nezzar's and Ezekiel's and Daniel's time (of whom
nothing is faid in fcripture) who muft be the au
thor of this book, and who had this revelation ;
and the other in Artaxerxes's time : This is mere
fiction-; and they might as well, or better, have
fram'd it under the name of Daniel, Sec Any
reader will perceive that that Ezra whom thfcy
have made to fpeak, puts on the vizor of Ezra
_the fcribe, I have

on the Old Tes t ament, 293
I have*gpne fo far out of my way, becaufe I
guefs this imagination to bave been firft rais'd on
occafion of his writing this book of Chronicles,
which is, as I faid, a fhort recapitulation of Mo-
fes's writings, and a larger one of the kings. After
all, one cannot bnt obferve, that neither the book
of Chronicles, nor any other of thefe late books,
Ezra, Nehemiah, Efther, are ever cited, nor the
names of the pefons ever mention'd, or referr'd
to in the New Teftament.
The book of Chronicles has (in thofe accounts
of things which are peculiar to it, and are not
found in Samuel or Kings) many things very
ftrange: Sums and maffes of gold and filver of
prodigious quantity : Armies, and battles, and
flaughters of men in them, in fuch vaft numbers
as are feldom heard of: a great part of which
may poflibly be owing to fcribes and copyers.
For there is no book of fcripture, the copies
whereof have been more carelefly written, or
which has been worfe kept, or has fo many texts
plainly mutilated. And whereas in the more an
cient books, a word that by fcribes was mif-
written or omitted in Heb. is frequently fupply'd
or amended in 6 ; there is very little of that here.
Where there is a manifeft chafm in Heb. which
one would hope to fee filPd in 6, it fails our ex
pectation for it is commonly the fame in 6. By
which we may conclude, that as the book it felf
was written late, fo the tranflation of it into Greek
was a long time later ; ' and after that the He
brew copy had contracted moft of the errata by
the hands of fcribes, which it has now. Some
few there are, which mnft have come into Heb?
fince the tranflation ; in which 6 does help : and
many which may be amended by collating them
with the texts of the Pentateuch, or Samuel, Wc.
U 3 And

294 Critical Notes
And fome very few truer written here than in
Samuel or Kings.
x Chron. I. 7. Sons of Javan ; Elijha, and Tarjhijh, Kit-
tim, and Dodanim.] Marg. Rodanim. 0',—
Ki'tioi it, 'Bo'Aor the Wanders, and Rhodanites.
11. And Mifraim begat Ludim, and Anamim,
and Lebabim, and Naphtuhim, Sec] 6 Alex Aid.
 the Lydians, and Anamians, and Lehabians,
and Naphtujians,
17. Sons of.Shem; Elam, AJhur, Arphaxad,
and Lud, and Aram, and Uz, and Hul, and Ge-
ther, and Mefhech.] The five firft were his fons;
the four laft his grandfons by Aram. Gen. x.
21, 22.
18. And Arphaxad begat Shelab, and Sbelah
begat Eber.] L Alex. Aid. And Arphaxad begat
Cainan, and Cainan begat Shelab, and Shelab be-r
gat Eber.
See on Gen. x. 24. and Luc iii. 36. dVat. is as
Heb. andvfo is Alex, at f 24.
3 6. The fons of Elipbaz j Teman, Omar, Sec.
and limna, and Amalek.] </isfo. But by read
ing Gen. xxxvi. 10, 11. we fee that Timna was
not his fon, but his concubine, on whom he be-r
gat Amalek. Many of the names here are wrong-
written : For which fee Marg. and recur to G*-
nefis, from whence thefe genealogies are taken.
II. 6. Sons of Zerah; Zimri, and Ethan, and
Heman, and Calcol, and Dara [0, Darad.] No
mention of thefe in Genefis. The names are moft-
ly the fame as of thofe men famous for wifdom,
•whom Solomon is faid, 1 Kings iv. 31. to have
excell'd. 9. Sons of Hezron ; Jerahmeel, and Ram, and
Chelubai.] 0,— . and Aram, and Chaleb. See
f j 8, and 42. JL?8,

w/^ Old Testament. 295
II. 18. Caleb — begat [children of] Azuba hisi Chron.
wife, and of Jeriotb.] Heb. is, Begat Azubah
his wife. Eng. puts in, children of.
e, Caleb took Azubab to wife, and Jeriotb;
tijv 'Ugid&.
1 Vulg. Caleb took Azubab to wife ; and of her
hegat, Jeriotb.
^4. After that Hezron was dead in Caleb- ephra-
tab, then Abiah.] 9, Vulg. Irem.  was dead,
Caleb came in to Ephratah. Then, Wc.
31. The cbildren ej 'Shefian; Ahlai,] Ahlai
was his grandfon by his daughter, f 34, 35. tho'
there called Altai.
49. And the daughter of Caleb was Achfa.] By
this one would think that the Caleb, of whom
he had been fpeaking, was Caleb the fon of Je-
phunneh, fpoken of in Jofihua and Judges. If the
genealogy could be made to agree, and the times.
50. Caleb the fion of Hur.] Caleb, fon of Hez
ron, had a fon Hur by Ephratb. And Hur, it
feems, had (befide Uri) a fon called Caleb.
51, Salma the father of Beth-lehem, Sec. ad fi-
nem.] Caft. Hie locus ejufmodi eft, ut nihil an-
notare pofiim, nifi me nihil in eo intelligere.
III. 15. The fons of Jofiah — Johanan, Jehoi
akim, Zedekiah, Shallum.] 6 is fo, and Vulg.
But of that fourth fon Shallum, there is no me
morial any where but here. He that is here
called Johanan, is fuppos'd the fame that in other
books is called Jehoahaz, who was carry'd into
Egypt: and him Jeremy does in one place call by
way of difdain, Shallum. In the next verfe Zede
kiah is called (here and in Matth. i.) fon of Je-
coniah, only becaufe he was his fucceffor. He
was his uncle.,
j 7. Sons of Jeconiah; Affir, Salathiel his fen.]
Jeremy had faid, ch. xxii. 30. of Jeconiah, Writ?
U 4 ye

296 Critical Notes
1 Chron. ye this man childlefs. (So it is in Heb. but not
fo in 6. See on that text.) Therefore Trem.
thinks that he had no fon called Affir; nor any
fon at all. Andnhat the word Affir here is not
the name of a man ; but fignifies, bound or cap
tive ; and that the words fhould run thus ; The
fons of Jeconiah who was carried captive, Salathiel
his fon. And that Salathiel alfo is here and Matt.
j. called his fon, only becaufe he next after Je
coniah's death was counted chief governor of the
Jews in Babylon: but that he was the fon of Ne*
ri, mention'd Luc iii. 27. a defcendant of Nathan
the fon of David. This feems very far fetch'd. Yet
they fay, Cappellus follows it. Zerubbabel here
mention'd, f 18, 19, 20. as brother's fon of Sa^
lalhiel, had fons whofe names here follow ; but
the names are not the fame as in Matt. i.
III. 2 1 . Sons of Hananiah ; Pelatiab, and Je-
faiah: the fons of Rephaiah, the fons of Arnan,
the fons cf Obadiah, the fons of Shecaniah.] 6,
Sons of Hananiah ; Pelatiab : Jefaiah his fon ;
Repbaiab his fon ; Arnan his fon ; Obadiah his
fon ; Shecaniah his fon. So Vulg.
This is more like a genealogy than the words
in Heb. But in the next verfe, where five are
named, and faid to be fix, 6 is as Heb. One
name is dropp'd in the copies.
IV. 3. Thefe were [of ' tbe]fatber of Etam ; Jez*
reel, and Ifihma, and idbajh.] 6,  Thefe were
the fons of Etam—— , Vulg. Ifta ftirps.
11. And Chelub the brother of Shuah begat Me-
hir.] , Thefe are names not heard of.
6, And Caleb the father of Acbfia begat Ma-
fbir. 17. The fons of Ezra were, Jet her, and Me-
red, and Epher, and Jalon : and Jhe bare Mir'u
a»h] #>  and Jether begat Maron.
IV. 21, 22, 23.

on the Old Testament. 297
IV. ai, 22, 23. Of thefe three verfes, Caft. 1 Chron.
fays, the words and readings. are fo deprav'd,
that they cannot either by 6 or Vulg. be amend
ed. And for certain not by Eng.
41. And fmote their tents, and the habitations
that were found there, and deftroyed, Sec] d,—
and the Mebunims, tsV Miveuxs ' whom they found
there. V. 21. They took away their cattle ; of their ca
mels fifty thoufand.] b,  5000.
VI. 4. Eleazar begat Phinehas, Sec] It is ne-
ceffary for a reader of the books of the Old Tef
tament, to have a catalogue, of the high-priefts
for that time. And this being the moft complete
one, I have fet it (in a following page) compar'd,
with fome others. There are, chap. ix. 10. and'
Nehem. xi. and Ezra vii. and Efdras Apocrypha,
vi. catalogues of the high-priefts for the firft and'
laft part of the time ; but none complete. I
have fet againft their names, the kings or gover
nors in whofe times they liv'd, and the years of
J. P. when they began, as nigh as I could by a
grofs guefs : and have added the next fix fuccef-
fors out of Nehemiah and Ezra. Jofephus fays,
that from Aaron to Zadok there were thirteen
high-priefts. In this catalogue there are but ten names be
fore Zadok. And thofe four after Uzzi, were
not actually high-priefts : For on the death of
Uzzi, Eli, who was not of the line of Eleazar,.
but of Ithamar, had the place ; and his defcen-
dants, who were, it feems, feven in fo fhort a
time : As God foretold to Eli, that there fhould
never be an old man in his houfe: and we do
find in the hiftory very frequent change of
pames of Abimelech and Abiathar in thofe times. In

20Z Critical Notes
1 Chron. In Zadok the line of Eleazar was reftor'd : And
Jofephus fays, that he and his fucceffors to the
captivity were eighteen : but the names that he
gives (including Jozadak) are but feventeen, /. x.
f. 10. And thofe, many of them, very different
from the names in this catalogue ; which are but
twelve. Then he fays, Jefhua and his posterity
to the number of fifteen, had the place to the
time of Antiochus Eupator. Then the Afmoneans,
to the rime of Herod. After whofe time it is not
worth the while to recount who they were : for
they were no longer legal high-priefts ; but fuch
as he and his minifters ( the prime minifters of
his time) created, putting in and turning out at
their pleafure. Jehoiadah, in the time of Joafb,
and Urijah, in the time of Ahaz, were priefts in
great power : but perhaps not high-priefts. Jo
fephus has in his catalogue one Uriah: perhaps
he, and perhaps fome more in his catalogue,
might be brothers of an high-prieft deceas'd,
holding the place till fome fon of the deceas'd
came of age : and yet have no place in this cata
logue which mentions only the lineal defeent.

i Chron. vi.

on the Old Testament.
i Chr. vi. Ezra vii. Efdras Apoc. In time of
viii.

299
1 Chron.

Aaron Aaron
Eleazar Eleazar
Phinehas Phinehas
Abifhua Abijh.ua
Buiki Bukki
Uzzi Uzzi
Zerahiah Zerabiah
Meraioth Meraioth
AmariahAhitub Zadok Ahimaax Azariah

JohananAzariah Ezriah
Amariah

Ahitub Ahitub
Zadok Zadok
Shallum, five *>SbalIum

Aaron EleazarPhinehas Abi/huaBukki Uzzi

V

Hilkiah Hilkiah
Seraiah Seraiah
Jehozadak
Jejhua Joakim
Eliajhib Ezra
Joiada
Jonathan Jaddua

Ahitub Zadok
Shallum Hilkiah Seraiah

Mof" 3ZZ4.
Mofes and Jojhua 3263
Judges 3300
Judges Judges Judges
Judges Judges, EK had the power 3570
Judges, Eli's family, Samuel, 3598
Abimelech, Abiathar, Saul, 3620
Dapid and Solomon 3678
Rehoboam,Ahijah,Afa, 3730
- Jehojhaphat, (Amaziah, 2
Cbron. xix. n. Ama
riah) Jehoram, Ahazi-
ah, Athaliah , Joalh, 3790
Joajh, Jehoiada, Amaziah,
Uzziah, 38.56
Uzziah, 2 Chr. xxvi. yj.
} 3933
jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah,
2 Chron. xxxi. 10. 3987
Hezekiah, Manajeh,
Manajfeb, 4016
Manajjeh, Amon 4040
Jofiah, 2 Chron. xxxiv. 9.
4074
Jehoiakim, Jeconiah,. Zede
kiah, 4104
Time of captivity 41 26
Zorobabel 41 78^
4200
'Nehemiah 4260
4290
431®
began 4330
fiT'd to 4384
VI. 20..

3©o

Critical Notes

i Chron.' VI. 20. Of Gerfhom; Libni his fion, Jabath his
fion, Zimmah bis fon.] ' Here is wanting the name
Shimei between Jabath and Zimmah. See f 42,
43- 22. The fons of Kohath ; Amminadab his fon,
Korah bis- fon, Affir bis fion.] 6 Vat. as Heb. 6
Alex.—-Izhar his fon.
He is in all other Places call'd Izhar.
28. The fons of Samuel; the firftborn Vajhni,
and Abiah.] 6 Vat. and Alex, and Vulg. as Heb.
Bnd 6 Aid. and Comp. The firftborn Joel, and
the fecond Abiah, which is doubtlefs the true
reading. See 1 Sam. viii. 2. Some reconcile
this in Heb. by taking Vajhni as another name
for Joel. So Trem. Eng. Marg. Wc But others
think that Joel is here by negligence of fcribss
omitted: and that the word Vajhni fignifies in
Heb. [and the fecond.] So that the prefent Heb.
with its deficiency ftands thus ; Of the fons of
Samuel; the firftborn (  -) and the fecond
Abiah. In the chafm is to be underftood, Joel.
This deficiency muft be very ancient. The name
of Samuel is at f 33. written Shemuel.
43. The fon of Jabath, the fon of Gerfhom, the
fon of Levi.] Here is wanting Libni, between
Jabath and Gerfhom. See f 20. and other pla
ces. 60. All their cities — were thirteen cities.] So
the number is in Jofihua xxi. There they are all
named. Here are but eleven named : Juttab in
Simeon ; and Gibeon in Benjamin axe omitted.
61 • Ont pf the half -tribe  of Manaffeh, by lot
ten cities.] Not all ten out of that: but two out
of that. (See f 70.) and eight out of Ephraim
and Dan: fix of which, are named here, f 6y,
68, 69. Bnt Eltekeh and Gibbet hon (named in
Jofh, xxi.) are omitted. VI. 63.

en the Old Testament, $or
VI, 6^. Unto the fons ofi Merari——out of the i Chron."
tribe of Reuben, Gad, and Zebulun, twelve cities.]
Ten of thefe are named below, f yy. ad finem.
Dimnab and Nabalal omitted.
76. Htammon with her fuburbs.] 6, X«f*«9-.
and fo it is in Heb. Jafh. xxi. 32. Hammotb.
VII. 3. Michael, and Obadiah, and Joel, Ifhia,
five.] The writer doubtlefs named five ; one is
dropp'd. 14. Sons of Manaffeh ; Afhriel, whom fhe barei
but his concubine the Aramitefs bare Machir.] 6,
— ¦  Ajhtiel, whom his Syrian concubine bare :
fhe bare him alfo Machir.
22. And Ephraim their father mourned many
days, &c] Here feems to have been fome mif-
writing by the fcribes in the words foregoing:
For Ephraim probably could not live fo long,
as to bemoan the flaughter of his children of
the fixth generation, and then have another
fon, 24, 25. Who built Beth-boron*— —and Uzzen-
Jherah. And Repha was bis fen.] 6, And the
fons of Uzzen, Sherab ; Repha his fon.
28. Unto Gaza and the towns thereof.] Marg.
Patrick, Unto Adaffa and the towns, Wc.
The border of Ephraim could not reach to
Gaza. IX. 3. In Jerufalem dwelt of the children of Ju
dah'— and children of Ephraim, and Manaffeh.]
A plain proof that many of thofe tribes return'd
from Babylon with thofe of Judah
10. And of the priefts ; Jedaiah, and Jehoja-
rib, and Jachin, and Azariah.] For this, and
many other verfes of this chapter, fee on Nehe
miah xl
18. They were porters in the companies of the
'children of Levi.] d Vat. and Alex. Thefe were the

-02 Critical Notes
x Chfon. the gates of the guards [or, watches] of the chil
dren of Levi. i
Vulg. To that time fome of the children of
Levi kept guard at the king's gate by their turns.
IX. 21, Zechariah— -was porter of the door of
the tabernacle of the congregation.] i, and Vulg.
- - of the tabernacle of witnefs.
They ftill, after the temple built, Call'd it
fometimes by the old nanie of tabernacle.
26. For thefe Levites, the four chief porters,
were in their fet office [Marg. truft] and were over
the chambers and treafuries of the houfe%of God.] d,
For thefe four chief had the truft of the gates :
and the Levites were over the chambers, and en
camped round the treafuries of the houfe of God.
32. And [other] of their brethren of the font of
the Kohatbites, were, &c. ] d, And Benaiah a
Kohathite, of their brethren, was over the fhew-
bread. 39. And Ner begat Kifh, &c] Here are fix
verfes to the end of the chapter, the very fame
with fix verfes beginning at f 33. of the chapter
laft before (fave that here the fcribe omitted the
name of Ahaz in f 41.) So that it feems to be
the miftake of fome fcribe writing by overfight
here over again among the catalogues of priefts
and Levites, the pedigree of the houfe of Saul
by Mephibofhetb, Micah, Wc. which was natu
rally plac'd in the laft chapter among the defcen-
dants of the tribe of Benjamin ; and was falfly
written there.
X. 1 . Now the Philiftines fought againft Ifrael,
Sec] Here Ezra, or whoever is the author,
paffes over all the time of Mofes, Jofhua, Judges,
and Samuel ; and begins at the death of Sault
and reign of David.
X 13.

on the Old Test amen t. 303
X. 13. And for asking counfel of one that had a 1 Chron.
familiar fpirit, to enquire of it.] d,  to en
quire, and the prophet Samuel gave him his an
fwer. XI. 4, ¦'$. And David And all Ifrael went to Je
rufalem— and he took the caftle of Zion.] It feems
by this, that Jerufalem was in the hands of the
Jebufites all the days of Saul. ,
Jof. fays, the old name was Salem, and it now
took the name Jerufalem.
11. He lift up bis Jpear againft three hundred
men ftain by him at one time?) This is one of the
places where the writing in Chronicles Teems Tight
er than in Samuel. For where the fame action
of the fame man is recited, 2 Sam. xxiii. 8. the
number is 800. Trem. knows how to folve this,
as if he had been there : 300 kill'd with his own
hand, and they being routed, 500 in the purfuit.
There are no words in which fcribes do more
commonly miftake, than in numbers. Jof. fur—
paffes all. He makes the number (if my edition ¦
be right printed) 900. and Abifhai's 300, he
makes 600.
13, 14. And the people fled from before the Phi
liftines. And they fet themfeives in the midft of the
panel, and delivered it, and ftew the Philiftines. ]
6,  Philiftines; And he fet himfelf in the
midft of the parcel, and deliver'd it, and flew.
The fenfe it felf fhews d to be right here. The
editions of Vulg. vary on it. In 2 Sam. xxiii. 1 1,
12. juft the fame thing is related, and almoft in
the fame words, of one Shamma, the third of the
three chief champions (which Shammab is omit
ted here) how when the people fled, he ftood
faft and won the day. So that there is a. juft
fufpicion that the fcribe here has skipp'd a verfe
wherein Shamma was nam'd.
XI. 20,

304 Critical Notes
1 Chron. Xl. 20. Abifhai the brother of Joab, he wai
chief of the three.] d, Of three: i.e. of a fecond
ternary. 22, 23. Benaiah'— flew an Egyptian, a man of
great ftature, five cubits high.] Five cubits, if
Bp. Cumberland and others reckon right, is near
nine foot. Goliah by Heb. was fix cubits ; by d,
four. In 2 Sam. xxiii. the ftature of the Egyp
tian is not meafur'd.
26. Alfo the valiant men of the armies?] They
are reckon'd here, with the four firft, fifty or
fifty-one. In 2 Sam. xxiii. about forty. There
are feveral names of the fame men diverfify'd by
fcribes. At f 34. Sons of Hefhem. d, The fon.
jj- 38. Joel here, in Sam. Igal. Andfo, Heles,
Heled: Abialbon, Abiel, Sec.
XII. 8. Faces as the faces of lions ; as fwift a
the roes upon the mountains.] The fcripture it
felf does not difdain to ufe fometimes hyperbo
lical expreflions.
XIII. 3. Let us bring again the ark of our God
to us.] The ark was now at Kirjath-jearim : all
chronologers agree that this time of fetching it
thence, was about the year 3669. How long it
had continued there, i. e. how long before this,
Eli's death had been; and how long Samuel and
¦Saul had govern'd, is a queftion on which they
differ vaftly. See on 1 Sam. vii. and on 2 Sam. vi.
Ibid. For we enquired not at it in the days of
Saul.] d, For they enquired not at it [or, after
it ; or, concerning it] in the days of Saul.
'Tis faid in Heb. 1 Sam. xiv. 18. that Saul
faid to Ahijab, Bring hither the ark of God: (for
the ark of God was at that time with the children of '
Ifrael ; viz. in the camp) Which, if it be a true
reading, feems contrary to this text; and alfo to
what one would guefs from the feries of the
hiftory,

ot ?/ji? Old Testament. 30$
hiftory, viz. that the ark which had been carry'd1 Chron.
to Kirjath-jearim at the death of Eli, and was
now fetch'd from thence, had continued there
all the while. But in d, that text of i Sam. xiv.
1 8. fpeaks only of an ephod, and nothing of
the ark. See on that text. Jofephus alfo does
there (as in moft of the places where the prefent
Heb. and 6 differ) follow the reading of 6; fay
ing only, that Saul defir'd the high-prieft (fo he
calls Ahijah) to attire himfelf with the ephod.
This Ahijah was a grandfon of Eli, born before
his grandfather's death (as will appear by read
ing f 3. of that chapter) which helps to fettle
the chronology of thofe times ; that there was
not fuch a vaft diftance, as the chronology of
Marg. Eng. makes between Eli and Saul.
XIII. 5. David gathered all Ifrael together from
Sihor of Egypt, even unto the entring of Hematb.]
d,  i from the borders of Egypt.
Shihor, or Sihor, feems to have been an old
name for Nile, or fome branch of it. The bor
der between Egypt and Ifrael was a little river,
not far from the eaftern branch of Nile; whether
coming out of Nile, I know not.
6. David went up, and all Ifrael io Baalah,
that is, to Kirjath-jearim  to bring up thence the
ark.] This rectifies the wrong reading, which
the fcribes had made in 2 Sam. vi. 2. where "tis
faid in Heb. that he went from Baale of Judah to
fetch the ark from thence, which is an abfurd
fpeech. 7. Uzza and -Ahio drove the cart.] d, Uzza
and his brethren drove the cart. Vulg. And his
brother. In forty places where Heb. males Ahio a pro
per name, d renders it [and his brother.]
Vol. II. X XIV. 4.

306 Critical Notes
i Chron. XIV. 4. The. names of David's children which he
bad in Jerufalem.] They are here thirteen, Heb.
and d. In 2 Sam. v. are eleven in Heb. Twenty-
four in 6. In 1 Chron. iii. 5. Thirteen, Heb. and
tf. What I fhould conclude as moft likely by
comparing the catalogues, is, that the true num
ber is twelve : and that the Heb. fcribe in 2 Sam.
V. has dropp'd Nogah ; and in this chapter and
ch. iii. has fet Eliphalet twice : and that the twen
ty-four in 0 at 2 Sam. v. are made by fetting
down all the twelve twice, with fome difference
in the fpelling.
XV. 5, 6, 7, Sec Of the fons of Kohatb  of
the fons of Merari  of Gerfhom, &c] t Of the
houfe of Merari, and of Gerfhom, here is named
but one company for each. But of Kohath here
is one company goes by his name: one, f 9. by
the name of his fon Hebron: one, f 10. under
the name of his fon Uzziel; and one, ver. 8. un
der the name of his grandfon [by Uzziel] Eli-
zaphan. 18. Zechariah, Ben, and J aziel, and Shemi-
ramoth, Sec] Here are fourteen Levites nam'd:
the fame in Heb. and d ; fave that Heb. has one
nam'd Ben, and none nam'd Azaziab: Butd has
no Ben, but one Azaziab. Now at ver. 20, 21.
thefe fourteen are distributed, eight into one rank,
and fix into another: End there, both in Heb.
and d, Azaziab is one ; but there is no Ben. And
where in the next chapter, ver. 5. the fame men
are nam'd again, and there are three Jeiels, 'tis
plain that one of them fliould be written, Ja-
ziel, or, Jahaziel, as here.
XVI. 11. Seek the Lord and his ftrength] d,
— and be ftrong [or, courageous] «, i^uVA,
29. Worfhip the Lord in the beauty of holinefs.]
0,  in his holy courts- hi cwKcu*; dylouc ewrk.
And fo in Pf. 96. which is the fame as this.
XVI. 41, 42,'

oh the Old Testament. 307
XVI. 41, 42. And with them Heman and Jedu- 1 chron-
thun — to give thanks — And with them Heman and
Jeduthun with trumpets and cymbals, &c] 0, And
with him, Heman and Jeduthun  to praife :
and with them trumpets and cymbals, Wc.
XVII. 18. What can David fpeak more to thee
for the honour of thy fervant? for thou knoweft.]
d, o— — to glorifie [or, thank] thee ? See the
parallel place, 2 Sam. vii. 20.
2 1 . Whom God went to redeem to be his own people,
to make thee a name?] 0',— to rnake himfelf a name.
27. Now therefore let it pie elfe thee to blefs the
houfe of thy fervant.] d, Vulg. Marg.  thou
halt begun to blefs.
Ibid. For thou bleffeft, O Lord, and it Jhall be
hleffed for ever.] d, For thou, Lord, haft blef-
¦ fed it ; and do thou blefs it for ever.
XVIII. 4. David took [of Hadadezer's] a thou
fand chariots, feven thoufand horfemen, and twenty
thoufand footmen?] This amends the writing of
Heb. at 2 Sam. viii. 4.
12. Abifhai flew of Edomites in the valley of
fait, eighteen thoufand.] In 2 Sam. viii. it is in
Heb. Syrians, but in d, Edomites as here. Jof.
fays, that Abifhai was his lieutenant in that bat
tel: And here it is afcrib'd to him.
1 6. Zadok  and Abimelech fon of Abiathar,
were the priefts.] Abimelech mull be a fon of
that Abiathar who fled to David from Nob. See
on 2 Sam. viii.
XIX. 1 . After this, Nahaflh the king of the chil
dren of Amman died, Sec] This book paffes over
all the faults and misfortunes of David: His
adultery, and murder of Uriah: Amnon's rape,
and the murder of him: Abfalom's rebellion,
Wc. And in after-times it fpeaks of Manaffeh's
repentance; which is mention'd no where elfe.
X 2 XIX. 7.

3°^ Critical Notes
i Chron. XIX. 7. The Ammonites hired of the Syrians
(befide Maacha's men) thirty two thoufand cha
riots.] It is a greater number of chariots than
ever we read of in one battel. They were hired
for 1000 talents of filver, ver. 6. The fame
battel and hoft is related, 2 Sam. x. There they
are faid to be (befide Maacha's men) 20000 and
12000. i. e. 32000 men ; but not fo, many cha
riots. Jofephus alfo, /. vii. c. 6. makes them
juft fo many. Perhaps the fcribe here made in
his writing a miftake of 32000 chariots, for fo
many men.
18. David flew of the Syrians feven thoufand
men [which fought] in chariots, and forty thoufand
footmen. ] 0, • sVt« ^lAid^tx-g appd-tuiv, ^
T£<xy#£«xov7# yjhiu&ot,!; 7Ci(?m. 2 Sam. X. 18.———
[the men of] 700 chariots, and 40000 horfe
men. There is a miftake in the writing of one of
thefe: 7000 for 700; or elfe 700 for 7000. ani
of horfemen for footmen. Jof. reckons the flain
40000 foot and 7000 horfe.
XX. 5. Elhanan the fon of Jair, flew Lahmi
the brother of Goliah.] This rectifies 2 Sam. xxi.
19. where he is faid to flay [ ] Goliah.
But there the tranflators put in [brother of ] from
this text.
8. Thefe were born to the giant in Gath; and
they fell by the hand of David, &c] 6,  in
Gath: there were four of them in all ; and they
fell. There are but three reckon'd here. But in
the parallel chapter, 2 Sam. xxi. there are four
reckon'd. XXI. 5. And Joab gave the fum of the number
of the people.]
The

The fum
of
Ifrail

on the Old Testament.
Sam.
zSam.xxiv.g Heve —

In Jofephus

Sooooo
1 100,000
900000

Of
Judah

Here , Levi and
Benjamin ex
cepted
In Jojephus

309
500000 j Chron.

470000
400000

The Rabbi's do give a very artificial explica

tion for the reconciling the difference of the
numbers : Which Ujher in his Annals, and Trem.
on 2 Sam. xxvii. 24. do think worth the reciting,
I think, rather than fly to fuch ftudy'd folutions,
it is more fatisfactory to think that mistakes have
been made by fcribes in the numerical words or
figures ; fince it is apparent that they have made
feveral in other texts.
XXI. 1 2 . Three years famine, or three months
deftroyed before enemies — or three days peftilence. ] In
2 Samuel xxiv. 13. it is feven years famine in Heb.
But d there is as Heb. and d here, the number
three in all the cafes. Yet Jofephus has it as it is
in Samuel in Heb.
15. The angel ftood by the threjhing- floor of Or-
nan the Jebufite.] It appears that not all the Je-
bufites were expell'd out of Jerufalem. This Or-
nan, or Araunah, had a farm there on mount
Moriah, the hill where, as Jofephus fays, Abra
ham had formerly offer'd his fon Ifaac; and
where the temple was afterward built.
25. So David gave to Oman for the place fix
hundred Jhekels of gold by weight.] 'Tis in 2Sam.
xxiv. fifty fhekels of filver ; which is not the
hundredth part of the price here. See on that
text. 2 6. Anfwer ed him from heaven by fire upon the
altar of burnt-offering. ] 6— — of burnt-offering,
and confumed the burnt-offering.
XXII. 1 . Then David faid, This is the houfe of
the Lord God: this is the altar, Sec] This is the
place where the temple muft be bailt.
X 3 XXII, 14.

310 Critical Notes
i Chron. XXII. 14. Now behold in my trouble [Marg,
poverty] I have prepared for the houfe of the Lord
an hundred thoufand talents of gold, and a thoufand
thoufand talents' of filver.] d is fo; and Vulg,
But jof. Gold, 10,000 talents; filver, 100,000
talents: which is but a tenth part of the fum.
'Tis very probable that the books were fo in Jo-
fephus's time ; and that fome fcribes fince have
decupled the funis. For as Bp. Cumberland has
computed the value of the gold and filver ta^
lents, (and Dr. Prideaux values them yet higher)
they amount by Jofephus's numbers to above 86
millions of pounds sterling: an immenfe fum for
one king's exchequer. But 860 millions is more,
I think, than ever was in all Europe at one time.
Solomon was a great trader for gold : he had one
fleet in the Indian fea, trading to Ophir; and
another in the Mediterranean, to Tarfhifh. And
it is faid, 2 Chron. ix. 13. that the weight of
gold that came to him in one year (befide what
he had of chapmen, merchants, tributary kings)
was 666 talents. Put the cafe that the whole of
the gold by the year, was 2000 talents ; yet in
all his forty years he could not amafs 100,000
talents of gold. It is more credible that the fums
have been by fcribes increafed. David, at chap.
xxix. gives 17 or 18 millions more, befide all
this. XXIII. 1 . So when David was oldr—he made So
lomon his fen king.] This is counted the firft time
pf making him king, by David's declaring his
purpofe before the people: For chap. xxix. 22.
'tis faid, they made him king the fecond time,
and anointed him. Now the book of Kings does
not mention this firft time of making him king;
and this book of Chronicles does not mention A-
flpnijab's attempt for the kingdom : But Jofephus^ who

<i» /& Old Testament. 311
who mentions 'both, fets Adonijah's attempt be- 1 Chron.
fore the hiftory of this chapter ; and that, I think,
with good probability : for after this, it would
have been a defperate attempt.
XXIII. 3. Now the Levites were numbred from
thirty years and upward.] If we compare this
with f 24. where they are counted from twenty
years, we muft, I think, conclude, that either
thirty is by miftake of fcribes written here for
twenty : or elfe that it fhould be tranflated, Now
the Levites had been numbred [or, had been
ufed to be numbred] from thirty: (For fo the
law was at Numb. iv. in Heb. But in d, from
twenty- five. And at Numb. viii. 24. both Heb.
and d fay twenty-five.) but now David reduc'd
it to twenty.
5. Praifed the Lord with inftruments which I
made [faid David ] to praife [therewith. ] d Vat.
 which he made to praife the Lord with. 6
Alex. Cant. Aid.  which they made 
Either of thefe copies of d is better than to
fay [ I made : ] For David is not brought in
fpeaking here at all.
7. Of the Gerfhonites were Laadan [Marg. Lib-
m] and Shimei.] Libni, who in all books, and
even in this, ch. vi. 17. is call'd by his ufoal
name, is here Laadan; in d, Edan.
9. The fons of Shimei ; Shelomilb, Sec] Here
the name Shimei is written either for Jebiel, or
elfe Zetham, or Joel: For it is plain that thefe,
Shelomitb, Haziel, Sec were defcendants of that
Laadan [or, Libni] mention'd the verfe next but
one before : And the fcribe having Shimei in ver.
7. and Shimei again in the verfe next to this,
wrote Shimei here inftead of fome other name.
See Trem. .and Patrick.
X 4 XXIII. 10,

yii Critical Notes
i Chron. XXIH- I0- Jabath, Zinab, Jeyfih.] d, Jabath,
Ziza, Jeuflh. Heb. is Ziza in the next verfe.
31. And to offer all bumt-facrifices unto the Lord
in the fabbaths, Sec] 0, And for all the bumt-
facrifices that are offered to the Lord, Wc.
The Levites got ready the facrifices for the
priefts, who offer'd them.
XXIV. 3. Zadok of the fons of Eleazar, and
Abimelech of the fons of Ifhamar.] This Abime
lech muft be father to that Abiathar whom Solo-
pion difplac'd, and fon to that Abiathar who fol-
low'd David from Nob. By which one would
guefs that this distribution of the priefts was made
in the early times of David : The fame may be
concluded from chap, xxvii. 7. Though thefe
things be recited laft, they feem to have been
done before Abfalom?s rebellion, when Zadok and
Abiathar (the fon, I fuppofe, of this Abimelech)
were chief priefts.
4. Houfe of their fathers.] d, Houfe pf their
families. And fo in all places of the book. As
¦f 6. Chief of the fathers of the priefts. 6, Chief
of the families of the priefts.
23. And the fops [of Hebron] Jeriah the firft,
See] Here the Heb. fcribe had dropp'd the name,
Hebron ; and the fcribe of d, both Hebron, and
Jeriah, and begins with [Amariah the fecond]
But Eng. and other tranflators amend the place
from ch. xxiii. 19. And they might have done
fo in more places than they have.
26,27. The fons of Jaaziah; Beno. Tie fons of
Merari by Jaaziah ; Beno, and Sbobam, and Zaccur,
Sec] d, The fons of Jaaziah, a fon of Merari.
Jaaziah's fons were, Shoham, and Zaccur. Eng.
here, by making Beno a proper name, have both
jinarr'd the fenfe, and gone contrary to Trem.
4 whoni

on the Old Testament. 313
whom they ordinarily follow; and fpoil'd then Chron.
number of men.
XXV. 1. David— feparated to the fiervice of the
fons of Afaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun. ]
d,  ¦ to their fervice the fons of  '
Thefe men, Afiaph, Heman, and Jeduthun
(which is another name for Ethan) are they whofe
names are fet in the title of fome of the pfalms
in the Pfalter ; whether as compos'd by them,
or only fung by them, is uncertain.
Ibid. And the number of the workmen, according
to their fervice, was  . ] Here, I fuppofe,
was fet the number which is at f 7. 288.
2 . Sons of Afaph under the bands of Afaph, which
prophefied according to the order of the king.] tf,-
Sons of Afaph, which were near the king.
3. Sons of Jeduthun ; Gedaliah, and Zeri, and
Jefhaiah, Hafihabiah, and Mattilhiah, fix.] There -
were doubtlefs fix names written at firft. But
this tranfcript was taken from fome copy where
pne name was blotted or defa'c'd. The name,
however, is preferv'd at f ly. viz. Shimei: For
he is the only one of the 24, which is not nam'd
here. The differences in fpelling the names: A-
farelah is there J efharelab:' Zeri is Izri: Uzziel,
Azareel: Sbebuel, Shubael. And at f 9. after
the naming of Jofeph, fhould be fupplied or un
derftood (as is exprefs'd of all the reft) He, his
fons, and his brethren, were twelve. For fo the
number 288 is completed ; 12 times 24.
XXVI. 1. Of the Kor bites [was] Mefhelemiah,
the fon [or, a fen] of Kor e, of the fons of Afaph.]
He is call'd Shelemiah, ver. 14. and one would
take him to be the Shallum mention'd, ch. ix. 19,
and 21. with his fon Zechariah, as here. How
ever this Afaph here, is the fame that is call'd
Ebiafaph

314 Critical Notes
1 Chron. Ebiafapb there ; one of the fons of Kor ah, men
tion'd Exod. vi. 24.
XXVI. 14, 15, 16. For Zechariah — (a wife
counfellor) — his lot came out north-ward. To Obed-
edom, foutb-ward ; and to his fons, the houfe of
Afuppim. To Shuppim and Hofah [ the lot came
forth] weft-ward?] d has nothing of [wife coun
fellor. ] Ver. 15. To Obed- edom fouth, before
the houfe of Afuppim. In the fecond place, To
Hofa weft-ward by the gate of the chamber at
the going up.
Dr. Lightfoot, they fay, fhews that there'were two
gates in the western wall of the temple ; and that -
a houfe, or treafury-chamber, that ran between
thofe two gates, was call'd, the Houfe of Afup
pim. 20. And of the- Levites, Ahijah was over the
treafures of the houfe of God.] 6, And the Levites
their brethren were over. —
There is no account any where elfe of any A-
hijah being over the treafures : In the words fol
lowing, that is allotted to the Gerfhonites and de
fendants of Mofes.
21, 22. As concerning the fons of Laadan: the
fons of the Gerfhonite Laadan, Sec. ] The read
ings of thefe two verfes in Heb. and in d, are
very difturb'd, There can hardly any other
confiftent fenfe be made of them, than that of the
Levites which had charge of the treafuries, Je-
biel, Zetbam, and Joel (which had been mention'd
as three brothers, ch. xxiii. 8.) were fome of the
chief. 24, 25. Shebuel, a fon of Gerfhom, the fon of
Mofes, was ruler of the treafuries. And his bre^
thren by Eliezer, Rebabiah, Sec] Jofephus, I. vii.
f. 11. fays, David in this distribution of the Le
vites, honour'd in particular thpfe of Mofes's
posterity :

on the O l d T e s t am e n t. 3 if
pofterity : For he appointed them to be keepers i Cbron,
of God's treasury, and of thofe prefents which
the kings fhould offer, Wc. Arid he names
one Jalus (fo the fcribes and printers have made
the name) as the chief man of his pofterity, which
is here faid of Sbebuel and Sbelomitb.
XXVII. 7. The fourth captain for the fourth
month was Afahcl the brother of Joab.] Then thefe
courfes were fettled early in David's reign : For
Afahel was kill'd by Abner quickly after David
came to the crown. Thefe courfes of the cap
tains, 24000 to a courfe, were alter'd once a
month : twelve courfes took their turns ; each
came once in a year. The courfes of the priefts
and Levites and fingers, porters, Wc. were al
ter'd once a week ; and they being divided into
24 courfes, each courfe had its turn once in 24
weeks. Jofephus fays that the fame courfes of
priefts, which had been fettled by David, conti
nued to his time : and it is plain by what St. Luc
fays of Zacharias the father of John Baptifthcing
of the courfe of Abijah, that is, the 8th courfe,
that they were obferv'd in that time. What
number of priefts were in each courfe, is not, as
I remember, fpecify'd; only thofe that attended
to fet forward the work of the houfe, ch. xxiii. 4.
being 24000. there would be 1000 every week.
The fingers on instruments being in all 288, ch.
xxv. 7. came 1 2 at a time, each courfe once in
24 weeks.
XXVIII. n. Then David gave to Solomon— the
pattern of the porch, and of the houfes thereof,
Sec. ] d,  the pattern of the temple, vxS'-
and of the houfes, Wc. Vulg.  of the porch,
and of the temple, and of the houfes.
It is not likely that the vxqs it felf fhould be
omitted in the recounting, XXVIII. j 2,
4

316 Critical Notes
i Chron. XXVIII. 12. And the pattern of all that he
had by the fpirit, of the courts of the houfe.] d,
And the pattern which he had Lv ru mdj/xollt
kutS, in his mind, of the courts, Wc.
Vulg. And alfo [a pattern] of all the courts,
out-houfes, Wc. which he had contriv'd [or,
which he had thought of, quce cogitaverat.]
15. The weight for the candlefticks of gold, and
for their lamps of gold-— and for the candlefticks of
filver by weight, &c] d has the former part of
the verfe concerning the candlefticks of gold ;
but not the latter concerning thofe of filver : nor
do I remember any mention of any filver candle
fticks us'd in the temple.
19. All this [faid David] the Lord made me
underftand in writing by his hand upon me, even all
the works of this pattern. ] 6, All thefe things
David gave to Solomon in writing of the hand of
the Lord, according to the underftanding of the
work of the pattern granted to him. Vulg. All
thefe things, fays he, came to me written by the
hand of God, that I might underftand all the
works of the pattern.
The Hebrew, which makes David fpeak here,
and which makes Eng. put into the text [faid
David] feems to be a miftake of the Heb. fcribe
putting [made me] in the firft perfon inftead of
the third. And poflibly there may be fome mi-
ftakes of fcribes in both copies. All that Jof.
fays, is, that he gave his fon the model of the
building. XXIX. 2. Marble-ftones in abundance.] d,
YldgiQi/ 7toAvv. Vulg. Marmor Parium.
If one knew at what time Ai'fio? Ud^ios was firft
us'd for marble, it might help to difcover the
antiquity of the Greec verfion of this book.
XVTV ?. 4- c

on the Old Testament." 317
XXIX. 3,4. / have given of my own proper 1 Chron.
gold, three thoufand talents ; and feven thoufand
talents of filver.] Here are 17 millions more,
befide the fum at ch. xxii. 14. Jof. mentions
only the gold.
6, 7. The princes gave, of gold, five thoufand ta
lents, and ten thoufand drams : of filver, ten thou
fand talents. ] This makes above 27 millions.
Jof. makes the filver 100,000 talents.
2 Chron.
I. i'$rT,Hen Solomon came [from his journey] to? Chron.
¦*¦ the high-place.] d, and Vulg  ,came
from the high- place.
The Heb. fcribe had, as it feems, written [to
the high place] inftead of [from the high place.]
Eng. by putting in words do amend the fenfe ;
but are refolv'd to keep the words [to the high
place.] 14. And Solomon bad a thoufand and four hun
dred chariots, and twelve thoufand horfemen.] Da
vid had made provifion for 24000 men at a time
to attend, as a guard or army, on the king.
Thefe, I fuppofe, were all foot. But Solomon
gat chariots .md horfemen.
17. A chariot brought out of Egypt for fix hun
dred fhekels of filver, and a horfe for an hundred
and fifty.] So d is here. But at 1 Kings x. 29.
where Heb. is as here, d there is, a chariot for
100 fhekels, and a horfe for 50. 100 fhekels,
12/. 10 s. or, as Dr. Pr ideal! x, 15/.
Jof. fays, a chariot with two horfes, at 600
drachms ; and that is, 150 fhekels.
II. 1 o. Solomon to give to Hiram twenty thoufand *
meafures [0, kors] of wheat, twenty thoufand of barley,
twenty thoufand baths of wine, twenty thoufand baths

318 Critical Notes
2 Chron. of oyl] o'hereisfo. But fee i Kings v. ii. jof.
makes it but 2000 of each: but he fays that
quantity was fent every year. And fo it is faid,
1 Kings' v. of the greater quantity.
II. 13. I have fent a cunning man — of Hur am
my father's.] d Vat.  man  Hiram my
father ; tov ironi^ jt*x- 6 Alex. Aid.  man — 1
Hiram my fervant ; tov ireuid p?.
Jof. calls the king, Hiram; and the fervant,
Urarn. But whereas the man's mother is here,
¦f 14. of the tribe of Dan ; at 1 Kings vii. 13,
14. of Naphtali; but at both places, his father
was a Tyrian : Jof. contrary to all fenfe makes
his father alfo an Ifraelite.
The Hebrew is, Huram Abi, or, Abbi. Caft.
not knowing what to do viixfnAbi (for it is indeed
abfurd to think that this workman was the king
of Tyre's father) makes the word a part of the
man's name, writing him Huramum Abium, both
here, and ch. iv. 16. where there is the fame,
or a worfe, difficulty what to do with Abbi.
Vulg. bluntly (fenfe or nonfenfe) follows the
words' as they Hand ; and makes king Hiram fay
here, Mifi tibi virum prudentem W fcientiffimum
Hiram pair em meum, filium mulieris de filiabus
Dan, cujus pater fWit Tyrius. I have fent thee a
jkilful man, my father, the fon of a woman of the
daughters o/Dan, whofe father was a man of Tyre,
And at ch. iv. 16. Omnia vafa fecit Solomoni Hi
ram pater ejus. All thefe veffels for Solomon did
Hiram his father make. So that here this work
man will be Solomon's father.
But Trem. ventures : and inftead of, virum pru
dentem Hiram patrem meum, fets, virum peri^
t turn — [qui erat] Churamo patri meo; a fkilful
man — [who belonged to] Huram my father-:
putting in of his own [qui erat, who belonged to.]

o« /fo Old Testament. 319
to.] And at ch. iv. 16. AH thefe veffels did he 2 Chron.
(meaning Hiram, or Huram, or Churam, as he
calls him ; who had been mention'd before verfe
there nth.) make [together with] Churam his
father for king Solomon: putting in [together
with.] Ar. Mont, fets it here, virum fapientem Chu
ram patris mei: And Pagnin, Qui fuit ipfius
patris nrei ; to the fame fenfe as Trem. But at
ch. iv. 16. plainly, Hsec omnia vafa fecit Chu
ram pater ejus. And this Eng. follows: putting
in here [of,] and at ch. iv. 16. nothing at all:
But writing, All thefe instruments did Hiram his
father make to king Solomon.
Trem.'s hypothefis, befide that it makes a great
twilling of the words, begs two or three poflu-
lata very unlikely, iff, That the king of Tyre's
father was alfo nam'd Hiram. 2dly, That the
workman's father was alfo nam'd Hiram. 3dly,
That the workman brought his father with him
to help work at Jerufalem.
The copies of d Alex, and Aid. are the only
ones free from thefe difficulties, having nothing
of [ father ; ] neither has d Vat. at ch. iv.
11. 18. And three thoufand fix hundred overfeer s
to fet the people a work.] Thefe, with the 70,000
and 80,000, do juft make up the number fore-
mention'd •, and yet at fome places, 1 Kings v. *
16, Wc. are by miftake of the Heb. fcribes rec
kon'd but 3300 ; but in d there, as well as here,
3600. III. 1, 2. Then Solomon began to build the houfe
of the Lord — in the fourth year of his reign.] This
was the year 3702. May 21. as Ufher. And as
it was feven years and a half in building (fee 1
Kings vi. 37, 38.) and finifh'd 3709. November ;
jt was, as near as men can compute, juft, or
within

320 Critical Notes
z Chron. within a month, iooo years before our Saviout
was bom.
Jofephus does here inftitute a chronological
computation, how old the world was at this year
3702. when the temple was begun: And he
makes it 3102. So that he fets the Creation at
the year of J. P. 600. which the chronologers
now (that go by the Hebrew) do fix at 710. and
confequently make this year annum mundi 2992.
But for the no years, which he has in excefs, it
is eafily feen where his miftake lies. He reckons
from the creation to deluge 1662. Thence to the
call of Abraham 4.20. Thence to the Exodus, 428.
In all which he differs but little from the com
putation that is approv'd of. But in fetting the
foundation of the temple 592 years after the Ex
odus, there is a plain excefs of 1 1 o or 1 1 2 years.
In 1 Kings vi. 1. it is exprefly faid to be but 480.
And if any one queftion the reading of that text,
it is impoflible it fhould be more: For Salmon,
and four of his defcendants in fuccefflon, Boaz,
Obed, Jeffe, David, liv'd through all the time.
See on Ruth iv. 21. and on the forefaid text, 1
Kings vi. 1. By this it is plain that Jofephus fol-
low'd the Hebrew chronology; not that of 6;
from the creation to Abraham.
III. 4. The height of the porch was an hundred
and twenty cubits.] Of the height of the houfe it
felf, nothing faid here; but 1 Kings vi. it was
30 cubits in Heb. 25 in d. It may feem ftrange
that the porch fhould be four or five times as
high as the houfe. Perhaps there may be a mi
ftake of the fcribe in the number. But Jof. fays,
the houfe it felf was 120 cubits. One building
60 cubits long, 20 broad, 60 high ; and another
b.uilt above it of the fame Tneafures. III. 5-

c« /& Old Testament. 321
III. 5. The greater houfe he cieled with fir-tree.]z Chron.
4, With cedar.
In 1 Kings vi. 15, 16. The walls with cedar;
the floor, fir-tree.
9. The weight of the nails was fifty fhekels of
gold.]' d, Vulg. Fifty fhekels to one nail.
10. He made two cherubims of image-work, and
overlaid them with gold.] d,  of wood' 
1 5. Before the houfe two pillars of five and thirty
cubits high, and tfie chapiter — five cubits.] In 1
Kings vii. 1 5. and injeremy Iii. 2 1 . they are eighteen
cubits high. See there. Jof. fays, they were,
eighteen. 16. An hundred pomegranates.] So JeremyMi.
23. an hundred. 1 Kings vii. 20. Two hun
dred. Chap. iv. below, Four hundred.
Jof. Two hundred in two rows. And per
haps on each pillar two rows ; an hundred in a
row. IV. 3. And tender it was the fimilitude of oxen
-~-ten in a cubit compaffing it round.] At 1 Kings
vii. 24. Under the brim of it round about, there
were knops- — ten in a cubit, compaffing the- fea
round about. 6 there, faawtiypuA* • here, jwoV-
%"¦ 5. It received and held three thoufand baths.]
6, M«7f ijl«? T^ff-^iAiWf .] At 1 Kings vii. 26. d*Vat.
has not this paffage at all. Heb. is there, 2000
baths, d Alex. <fj<r^jXiW? £o«V, 2000 choa's. Jof.
fays, 2000 baths. But as he fays withal, that
the cavity of it wasfpherical ;.fome who pretend
the skill of meafuring capacities, and think they
know the juft content of that which is here, Heb.
baths, do fay that 3000 is the truer number.
8. He made alfo ten tables, and placed them in-
the temple, five on the right fide, and five on the
left.] I do not remember any mention of thefe
Vol. II. Y , tables
- ' ' ' I

322 Cr it ical Notes
2 Chron. tables in Kings. Jof. fays, the table of fhew-.
bread was the chief: but that he fet feveral others
to hold ewers and platters; of gold, 20,000; of
filver, 40,000. If that were true, they muft be
a great many indeed, and they large ones, But
indeed Jof. does there, /. viii. c. 2. (he, or elfe
his tranfcribers, editors, tranflators, printers,
Wc.) reckon up fuch a vaft number of veffels,'
gold, and filver ; *pbts, plates, cups, meafuring •
veffels, cehfers, We. making above 8oo,o"oo, as
takes away all credit from that part of his book;
and is, as to the number of the things, fiction
and romance. The number of golden bafons is
here but ico: and in 6 Aid. but 5.
IV. 13. Four hundred pomegranates on the two
wreaths ; two rows of pomegranates to each wreath.]'
d, Four hundred golden bells on the two net
works; two forts of pomegranates to each net.
1 6. The pots alfo, and fhovels, See.  did Hu- '•
ram his father make lo king Solomon.] 6,< .did
Hiram make, and bring to king Solomon. See
on ch. ii. 13.
22*. The entry of the houfe, the inner doors there- '
of for the moft holy place, and the doors of the houfe
cf the temple, were of gold.] Overlaid with gold.
They were of olive-tree, 1 Kings vi. 31, 32. or
juniper, as d. there. 1
V. q. The ends of the ftaves were feen from the
ark before the oracle ; but they we're not feen with-'
out. - And there [ii is] unto -Ms day.] ' ' Vulg. And
the heads of the staves by which the- ark was car-:
ried, being. fomething longer, were feen before
the oracle; but if one were a little without, he.
could not fee them. And the ark was there un
to that prefent day. , d, And they [ftaves] were '
there to that prefentday. See on 1 Kings viii. 8.
Eng.

on the Old Testament.' .323
Eng. by putting in [is, or, are, in the prefent 2 Chron.
tenfe, as if Ezra had faid they were there in his
time] fay what nobody will juftify them in, but
Trem. The ftaves of the ark were put, as Dr.
Prideaux obferves, notlongwife by the lopg fides
of the ark; but crofs the narrow ends, Ezra men-;
tions it as a remarkable thing, that thofe very
ftaves, which were made in Mofes's time, fo ma
ny hundred years before, and had been us'd for
carrying the ark fo many hundred miles, fhould
remain to that day.
VI. 6. But I have .cbofen Jerufalem, that my
name might be there, Sec ] Jerufalem feems to
have been chofen-by God, becaufe it was near
mount Moriab where Abraham had offer'd his
fon to God ; and near which place God intended
to offer his Son for men.
VII. 9. They kept the dedication of the altar fe
ven days, and the feaft feven days.] d, For at
the dedication of the altar they kept a feaftof
feven days. . ' '
Both here, and 1 JO»gjviii. 6g, 66. Heb. makes
two 7 days. 0, one 7 days. See on that text.
Jof. feems to underftand it, as it is in d.
VIII. 2. The cities which Huram had reftored ta
Solomon , Solomon built them. ] This book had
not mention'd Hiram's refufal of thofe cities;
but here fuppofes it, as having been related in
the book of Kings.
4. He built Tadmor in the wildernefs.] This
city was afterward call'd Palmyra by the Greecs
and Romans. *But the natives do, as they fay,
ftill call it Tadmor.
1 6. All the work of Solomon was prepared [or,
finifhed] unto the day of the foundation of the houfe.]
d,—  — from the day- 
y 2 viii. 18 :

¦.

324 Critical Notes
* Chron. VIII. .18. And Huram fent him by the hands of
his fervants, fhips, and fervants that had know
ledge- of the fea.] Seamen he might eafily fend
him ; but fhips he could not fend from the Me
diterranean to the Red fea, but by carrying them
in pieces over land: Or perhaps he had fome
fhipping oh that fea alfo. Jof. reciting this hi
ftory, fays, he fent him models of fhips, and
fome fea men.
IX. 15. Solomon made two hundred targets of
beaten gold, fix hundred fhekels went to one target.]
There is fome difference in the number and
weight of thefe targets and fhields, between Heb.
^ando; and between 1 Kings x. 17. and this text
in Heb. But by comparing them we may per
ceive that a p« or pound, as Eng. renders it,
was equal to 100 fhekels : For 300 fhekels here,
is equal to three mna's or pound, in the text of
1 Kings x. An hundred fhekels of gold, 50 oun
ces, value about 175/.
1 6. The king put them in the houfe of the foreft
of Lebanon.] Of this houfe much is faid, 1 Kings
vii. See there. It feems to have been a palace
in or nigh Jerufalem ; to which he gave that
name for the vaft quantity of cedar us'd iri the
building of it.
2 1 . Once in three years fhips of Tarjhijh brought
gold, filver, ivory, apes, peacocks. ] Gold arid
filver from Spain ; the reft from the coaft of
Africa. 25. Solomon had four thoufand Jl alls for horfes
and chariots, and twelve thoufand horfemen.] The
12000 horfemen were mention'd before, ch. i.
14. and there it was faid 1400 chariots. What
is here, and 1 Kings iv. 26. call'd in Heb. flails
for horfes and chariots, is at both places in d,
mares for chariots. But whatfoevcr they were
call'd,

on the Old Testament. 325
call'd, they are there, 1 Kings iv. 26.40000; zChrtn.
here 4000: which difference muft be imputed
to the Heb. fcribes of one or the other. 6 is both
here and 1 Kings x. 26. 4000. At 1 Kings iv. z6.
the Greec is miffing. Jof. follows Heb. at 1 Kings
iv. 26. For he fays, Solomon had 40000 mangers
wherein his horfes fed. And yet the greatest
number of horfes that he ever affigns him, is
20000. IX. 29. Now the reft of the atls of Solomon, firft
and laft, Sec] Here is no mention pf his revolt in
his old age to idolatry : yet it is fuppos'd at ch.
x. 15. Jof. mentions it, and fays, he died mofi
ignominioufly : So that he had no notion or be
lief of his repentance.
Ibid. Iddo the fieer.] d, Joel tire feer.
30. Solomon reigned— forty years.] Jof. fays,
eighty years. But all copies, Heb. and 0, in
Kings and Chronicles agree in the number of forty.
There is indeed a considerable objection, viz.
He came very young to the crown : and his fon
Rehoboam is in the common copies faid to be 41
when he began. But fee on thofe texts that fpeak
of Rehoboam' s age, ch. xii. 13.
X. 4. Tby father made our yoke grievous: now
therefore eafe thou fomewhat, &c] All the hiftory
of Solomon is full of the riches, quiet, and hap-
pinefs of his time : How he laid tribute on fo
reign kings, and on the Amorites that were left
in Ifrael: but made the children of Ifrael no fer
vants, norTaid, I fuppofe, any excifes or land-
taxes upon them ; but made them captains, Wc. \,
He is no fooner dead, but they complain of
yoke and burden. It feems the Places do not
always make good fubjects of thofe to whom
they are given.
XI. 15. He ordained him priefts for the high
Y 3 places,

%zf> Critical Notes
p Chr<&: places, and for the devils, and for the calves?] ¦&,
To"? u'4/))Ao~?, it, to~g p-ot-Touots, kj ,to~«- p-osyjuq.
XL 1 6. And after them auf of all the tribes of
Ijrael, 'fetch as fet their hearts to feek the Lord God
of Ifrael, came to Jerufalem.] d, And he [Jero-
hoam] dr-ove^ out of all the tribes of Ifrael fuch
as fet their hearts, Wc. — and they came to Je- .
rufalem. Here d is to the fame fenfe as in -f 14. before,
and in ch. xiii. 9. both in Heb. and d.
18. Jerimoth the fon of David.] He muft have
been called by fome other name in the catalogue
of David's fons.
XII. 13. Rehoboam was one and forty years old
when he began to reign.] So it is here in Heb. and
6. And fo it is 1 Kings xiv. 21. in Heb. andd.
But there is in d, 1 Kings xii. inferted, a para
graph which is not at all in the prefent Heb.
And king Solomon flept with his fathers, arid
was buried with his fathers in the city of
David: and JReboboam his fon reigned in Je
rufalem in his flead. Sixteen years old was he
when he began to reign ; and he reigned
twelve years [d Aid. there, feveriteen years]
in Jerufalem. And his mother's name was
Naama, daughter of Ana fon of Nahafh king
of the Ammonites. "
One cannot be certain which is the true read
ing. But by ch. x. 8. where Rehoboam is faid to
have confulted with the young men that were
brought up with him, it feems that he was a
yoiing man. And in ch. xiii. 7. Abijab fon of
Rehoboam reproaches Jeroboam that he had re
bel I'd againft his father whilft he was young and
tender-hearted, arid could not withstand him.
All this would fuppofe him to have been (not
forty-one, but) much younger, when he fucceed- ed

W/& Old Testament. 327
ed Solomon. And another argument is, that if 2 Chron.
he was forty-one when his father Solomon died
(who reign'd but forty years) he muft have been
born a year before Solomon began : which is hard
to conceive, for,, that Solomon was very young
then. The Scripture does not fey how young:
Jof. I think, makes him but fourteen ; UJher, I
think, fixteen ; Petavius, twenty-three : For he
places David's war againft the Ammonites, and
his adultery with Balhpheba, and then marrying
her, but about eight or ten years after his coming
to live at Jerufalem. Which account of years,
if it be confiftent, takes off all the objection a-
gainft thofe texts that make Rehoboam forty-one
when he began. And as for thofe texts, which
fay of Solomon that he was young and tender,
and that text 1 Kings iii. 7. where he calls him
felf a little child ; it is the cuftom of Scripture,
and was the phrafe at that time, to fpeak in a
diminutive way of young men when compar'd
with their elders. But if it be otherwife ; the
other fuppofal, that Rehoboam was young, which
has the authority of a text in 0, anddifturbs nothing
in the Scripture chronology, furnifhes a better •
anfwer to the objection than that of Jofephus,
who makes Solomon's reign to be eighty years ;
which has no text in any copy of Scripture to
fupport it, and does alfo very much disturb the
ordinary chronological account. See on 1 Kings
xiv. 21.
XIII. 2 . His mother's name was Micbaiab daugh
ter of Uriel of Gibeah.] 'Tis faid in many places,
that Maachnh, daughter of Abfalom, was his mo
ther. The name Uriel of Gibeah, feems to be a
miftake of the fcribe at this place (It is alike
in Heb. and d) unlefs Uriel can be conceiv'd an
other name for Abfalom. See ch. xi. 20.
Y4 XIII. 3.

'328 Critical Notes
0 Chron. XIII. 3. Abijab — with four hundred thoufand
men, and Jeroboam with eight hundred thoufand
men — And at f 17. Five hundred thoufand men flain
in the battle.] d is as Heb. But Vulg. has in the
text but forty thoufand, and eighty thoufand,
and fifty thoufand. But in the margin confefles
that many MSS. have thofe larger numbers,
Caft. fays, that the numbers in Heb. are incre
dible : and that Vulg. and d, and Jof. have, the
leffer numbers. Vulg. is as I faid. As to d and
Jof. he is wholly mistaken. Jof. tells the Gre
cians, that never was any battle recorded by any
historian of theirs, or of the Barbarians, with fo
great a flaughter. And I think he fays true,
UJher obferves the fame. Petavius fays, fuch a
thing would not be credited upon any authority
but God's. Trem. digefts it without any anno
tation. It is the stranger, for that the book of Kings
fays nothing at. all of a thing fo extraordinary ;
fave only that there was war between Jeroboam
and Abijab: Nor does it fay one good word of
Abijab, whom it calls Abijam; and 0 t&tx. I
hope it is no hurt to think that the numbers have
been encreafed by tranfcribers. There is in this
chapter an inftance ( not in Heb. but in one of
the editions of d) how eafily fuch a thing is done.
At f 21. this Abijab had fixteen daughters, am-
xoufcx.»° Out of this inKouJiKoi the fcribe of 6 Aid.
has made i|»jWas ; which muft have paffed, if
there had been no other copy to compare-.
XIV. 8 . Out of Benjamin  two hundred and
fourfcore thoufand-] dVat.fo. d Alex. Twohunr
dred and fifty thoufand,. Jof. as Alex.
9. Zerah the Ethiopian, with an ho ft of a thou
fand thoufand men.] Nothing of this in Kings.
XIV, 11,

e«fk Old Testament. 329
XIV. 1 1 . To help, whether with many, or with 2 Chron.
them that have no power [or, ftrength.] d, and
Vulg. Whether with few or with many: strength
en us, O Lord, Wc.
That is likely to be the true reading which
Jof. has ; Whether with few, or with many ;
with the mighty, or with them that have no
ftrength. XV". 8. When Afa heard thefe words, and the
prophecy oj Oded the prophet.] 0 Vat. as Heb. a
Alex. Aid.  of Azariah the prophet. Vulg.—
of Azariah the fon of Oded the prophet. See
Ibid. And renewed the altar of the Lord, which
was before the porch of the Lord.] d, '.before
the temple of the Lord.
1 6. Maachab, the mother of Afa the king, he re
moved her from being queen, becaufe fhe had made
an idol in a grove.] d, Maachab his mother he
removed, that fhe fhould not be a prieftefs to
Aftarte. d Alex. Becaufe fhe was a prieftefs to
Aftarte. It very much confirms the notion of Selden
and other learned men, that Afherab in Heb. which
Vulg. and Eng. and other tranflators render, a
grove, fhould in thofe places where it is fpoken
of as an idol, be render'd, Afiarte ; for that d
does naturally render it fo here: But the Greec.
tranflator of 1 Kings xiii. not. Vulg. is, Simu
lacrum Priapi. , Caft. Pana. Trem. Horren-
dam ftatuam.
Mother feems put for grandmother.
This criticifm of Selden's, that what Eng. has
render'd, grove, or groves (as if were meant,
plantations of trees or woods) fhould in many
texts through all the Bible be render'd; Aftarte,
pr AJhteroth; an idpl which the Sidonians and
^ -moft

33P Critical Notes"
3 Chron. moft of the Syrians worfhipp'd ; does help to
explain many texts, of which in the ordinary
tranflations one cannot make fenfe. As 2 Kings
xxi. 7. Manaffeh fet a graven image of the grove
in the houfe of the Lord ; it fhould be faid, of
Aftarte. And ch. there xxiii. 6. Jofiah brought
out the grove from the houfe of the Lord,— and
flamped it fmall to powder: It cannot be a
grove of trees, but the image Aftarte. And in
Judges vi. 25 and 2,8. Throw down the altar of
Baal- — and the grove that is (upon it : So Heb.
it felf, and d is, which Eng. render) by it: The
right rendring would be, The image that is- up
on it.. And many other fuch places. 1 Kings
xvi. 33. Ahab made a grove," i. e, an injage of
Aftarte. That was the god ( or goddefs ; for
they fet the fex promifcuoufly) of his wife Je-
zabel, and her nation the Sido-nians . And chap.
.there xviii. 19. The prophets of the groves, i.e.
* taf .the Aftartes, or AJhtaroth, 400.
The Greec interpreters, being the -firft, gave
the firft occafion and example of the unskilful
tranflation. For -though he that tranfla.ted:G6ro-
nicles has here render'd , it right ; yet as fome of
them were better, and fome worfe, skill'd, the
tranflator of Kings has generally tranflated it «a-
irof, arid &Keyi. Jofephus follow'd them, and then
Vulg. Wc. Procopius obferves of Aquila (who
was a man of good fenfe) that wherever idol-
worfhip is fpoken of, and the 6 interpreters have
tranflated, oLxen • there Aq. would fay, [t*. tjjV
XV. 17. But the high places were not taken
away out of Ifrael] 'Tis faid, ch. xiv. 5. that
they were taken out of the cities of Judah. Per
haps a distinction is made between the cities of
Judah, and thofe of Ifrael. >
XVI. 1.

«« ^ GldTestament. 33?
XVI. 1. In the fix and thirtieth ( 0, eight and zcyon.
thirtieth) year of the reign of Afa, Baafija king of'
Ifrael came up againft Judah, and built Ramah?].
It is plain, 1 Kings'xv. 33. and xvi. 8. that.3^r
(ha began the 3d of Afa, and died the 26th. So
that he did not live to the 38th or 36th of Afa.
The chronologers who do not admit of any mif
take of the fcribes in any book of Scripture,
yet do agree that this was really but the 16th
of Afa, the year 3774- But they think, that by
the 35th year of Afa in the verfe laft before, and
the 36th year in this verfe, is meanf the 35th and
36th of the kingdom of Judah as divided from
Ifrael: When his time, taken together with the
times of his father and grandfather, had made
up 35 or 3.6 years. Which does indeed fall on
Afti's 1 6th year: for his father apd grandfather
made juft 20.
Which of thefe two is preferable, this fort of
falving explications, or an allowance that there
may be a miftake of fcribes in the numerical
-words, or figures, will be by different readers
determin'd differently. If it be allow'd a mif
take, I think it more probably miftaken for 25
and 26, than 16. For Afa's 26th was Baa/bo's
laft. And Jof. fays, that when he was by Ben-
hadad fetch?d away from building Ramah, he
was by death prevented from returning thither.
7. Hanani the feer came to Afa king of Judah }
&c] In 1 Kings xvi. 1. Jehu fon of Hanani re
proves Baafha'. And chap, here xi,x. 2. he re
proves Jehojhaphat. The fame Jehu fon of Ha
nani is mention'd, ch. xx. 34. as having written
a book of the kings of Ifrael ; or elfe mention'd
in fuch a book. Hanani himfelf as a prophet,
is-mention'd no where but here.
>¦
XVI. 14.

^32 Critical Notes
z Chron. XVI. 14. And they Tttade a very, great burning
for him.] d, c«<pog*v pyaAijv, a very great bu
rial. The burning, if any, was not of his body,
but of odours and fpices. ,
XVII. 3. Jebofhapbat walked" in the firft ways
of bis father David.] Marg.  Lof his father,
and of David, d,  of his father.
Meaning, of Afa, who, till toward the latter
end of his reign, walked very uprightly. So it,
is both in Heb. and d, at ch. xx. 32. The Heb.
fcribe has put in the name David.
6. He [jehojhaphat] took away the. high places
and groves out of Judah.] It is faid afterward,
ch. xx/32, 33. That Jehofhaphatt walked in all
the ways of Afa his father-- - doing that which
was right, Wc. Howbeit, the high places were
not taken away ; for as yet the people had not
prepared their hearts to the God of their fathers.
And words juft to the fame purpofe are, 1 Kings
xxii. 43, In both books the fault is laid Pn trip
people. It feems he endeavour'd and made edicts,
for the taking them away : but the people would
not refrain from them,
14, 15, Wc. Here are reckon'd (befide gar-
rifons) of Judah 780,000 fighting men (which
is more by 280,000 than were in David's time.)
And of Benjamin, 380,000.
Jof. reckons, of Judah 500,000. Of Benja
min 380,000. And at f 11. before, where the
Arabians brought 7700 rams, and 7700 he-goats,
d Vat. has only the 7700 rams ( but d Alex., Aid.
have both ) and Jof. has it, 660 lambs, and as
many horfes. Such manglings there have been
of numbers: fome in Heb, fome in d; and fome
in jof.
XIX. 3.

on the Old Testament. 333
XIX. 3. In that thou haft taken away the 2 Chron.
groves out of the land.] See on ch. xv. 16, 17.
7. There is no iniquity with the Lord — nor re-
fipecl of perfons.] d &<& 9rewf*df»nreoffuvov.
That phrafe is common in 6, for, refpect of
perfons. And therefore when St. Jude ufes it,
f 16. it is proper to render it fo.
8. Jehofibaphat fet Levites, &c. — — in Jeru
falem — for judgment of the Lord, and for contro-
verfies, when they returned to Jerufalem.] d,—~
and to judge the inhabitants of Jerufalem.
There feems to be no ufe of the word [return
ing] in this fentence. It is not put in by d, nor
Vulg. nor Caft. nor in any tranflation that I know
of, but Ar. Mont, and Trem. There is juft
fuch an inftance in ch. xxxiv. 9. where [return
ed] is put inftead of [inhabitants.] I guefs there
is fome Hebrew word which may be conftrued to
either one or the other of thefe. But a tranflator
fhould regard the fenfe of the place, as well as
the critieifm of the word.
XX. 1. Children of Moab, cbildren of Ammon,
and with them [other] befide the Ammonites.] d, —
and with them fome of the Mtvouoi, Mebunims.
There was a fort of people thereabouts, call'd
in Heb. Mebumim (one hord of Arabs, I fuppofe)
d calls them Mtvouas • Eng. fometimes Mebunims,
as ch. xxvi. 7. fometimes mingled people. By d,
fome of them made a part of this army. Bur
the word in the prefent Heb. being fpell'd fome-
thino- differently, fhe tranflators from Heb. (ra
ther than follow d, who probably had the word
in their books truer written) make a very un
couth fenfe; The children of Ammon, and with
tfrem fome of the Ammonites. For the words
[other befide] are put in by Eng:
XX. 2,

334i

_ Critical Notes „
'Chron. XX. 2. 72m1 comes a great multitude firom be
yond the fea on this fide Syria.] 6, Vulg. Wc.—
from beyond the fea [meaning, the Salt fea] out
of Syria. \ ... >,
, .5. In the houfe of the Lord before the new' cbUrt?]
6 Vat. 'AuAiifff t?j xouvw, the new court. 0 Aid. "Ay-.
Tw T?y fKwtis,' the court of the tabernacle.
If .there was any court in the temple in J^o^
Jhapbat's time, call'd, the new court, then Heb.
and d Vat. and' Alex, will not be at all queftion'd
to be the true reading: But if not, the reading
of 6 Aid: The court of the tabernacle, having
been ' the old name, was (as I obferv'd) often
us'd in the time of the temple.
12., We have no might againft this great com
pany '.] * There was recited, ch. xvii. 14, W fieq.
a mufter of 1 160,000 fighting men that he had.
The Moabites, and Ammonites, and Edomites,
had been lately brought low by David.
34. In the book of Jehu the fon bf Hanani, who
is mentioned in the book of the kings of Ifrael.] d,
— «-^— who wrote a. book, of the kings of Ifrael.
Vulg.* In the Words, of Jehu the fon of Hanani,
which he put in. the books of the kings of Ifrael.
,'36." And'' he [Jehojhaphat] joined with him [A-
haziah] to make fihips.] In 1 Kings xxii. 49. it
is faid, Ahaziah defired him to let his fervants
gb in the fhips ; but he [Jehojhaphat] would not.
It is' likely that Jehojhaphat, when his confent
was afk'd, fhew'd a great unwillingnefs, and for
fome time refus'd ; but afterward upon, the im
portunity of Ahaziah, who was his fon'S brother-
in-law, and his- neighbour-prince, was prevail'd
on to comply. This often happens in treaties
between kings. But there is in the next words a
greater difficulty.
XX. 36,

on the Old T E s t A m e n t. 335*
XX. 36. To make fhips to go to Tarjhijh: and 2 Chron.
they made the fhips in Ezion-geber. And f 37. —
And the fhips were broken, that they were not able
to go to Tarjhijh] d here is as Heb. as it is in all
the fufpected or dubious readings of this book.
Vulg.- as Heb. and d. Trem.  made fhips to
go to fea : and they made the fhips at Ezion*
geber. And at f 37. The fhips were broken
that they were not able to go to fea, ad obeunduni
oceanum. Compare this with 1 Kings xxii. 48. Jehojha
phat made fhips [Marg. Had ten fhips] of Thar-
fijijh to go to Opbir for gpld; but they went
not: for the fhips were broken at Ezion-geber.
d Vat. is miffing at that place ; but inferted in
ch. xvi.
6 Alex, there: And king Jehojhaphat made
fhips to go to Opbir for gold ; but they went
not : for the fhips were broken at Ezion-geber.
N. B. 6 Alex, in Kings, has no mention of
Tarjhijh. 0 Vat. diflocated in ch. xvi. And king Jeho
jhaphat made a navy of Tarjhijh to go to Opbir
for gold -, but it went not: for the navy was bro
ken at Ezion geber. Vulg there ; King Jehojha
phat m.ide fleets in the fea, which might fail to
Opbir for gold ; and they could not go : for
they were broken at Ezion-geber. Trem. here as
Vulg. ' '
All the difficulty in thefe texts, is, the men- ,
tion of Tarjhijh: which in this text of Chronicles
is mention'd twice ^n Heb. d, Vulg. Eng. Wc.
Only Trem. changes it into oceanum.
To fuppofe that Jehojhaphat fhould make fhips
at Ezion-geber on the Red fea, to go to Tarfhifh
(taking Tarfhiftj, as it feems every where elfe in
Scripture to be taken, for a place in' the Medi
terranean,

336 Critical Notes
2 Chroii. terranean, or Atlantic fea, commonly traded to
by the Tyrians) would be a moft abfurd thought,
I fee no way of reconciling the paffages, but by
owning that the copyers of Chronicles have here
made miftakes (as is common for thofe that are
to write names, things, and places, which they
underftand not) and that this text both" in Heb.
d, Vulg. fhould be corrected by the text in Kings
which relates the fame paffage : And that in Kings,
Heb. and o Vat. fhould be corrected by o Alex.
which has the matter plainly and confiftently ;
That Jehojhaphat defigning a trade to Opbir made
fhips for that purpofe at Ezion-geber. Which
was a thing very practicable, and what Solomon
had done with good fuccefs. See on i Kings
xxii. 48.
If the tranflatkm of Tarfioiflh for the fea in ge-
neral, which Vulg. nfes in Kings (but not in this
text of Chronicles ) and which Trem. follows at
both places (but not in other books where Tar
jhijh is mention'd ) and which Sir Walter Raw-
leigh thinks fo well of, were allowable, it would
indeed take off all the difficulty : But it is taking
a great liberty in the tranflation of words.
XXI- 2. And be [Jeboram] had brethren [0,
fix brethren] Azariah, and Jehiel, and Zechariah,
and Azariah, Sec. • — all thefe were the fens of Je
hojhaphat king of IJrael] It is not probable that
he had' two fons of juft' one name; but that the
fcribes have written one name wrong, d, nor
Vulg. do not help : But in the name Ifrael they
do. He is in all other places^call'd king of Ju
dah. And fo he is here in 6 and Vulg.
5. Jeboram was thirty -two years old when he
began to reign.] For the chronology, fee on 2
Kings viii. 16, 17. and 2 Kings i. 17.
XXI. 10.

oh the Old TEs taMent. 337
XXI. 10. So the Edomites revolted from under* Chron'.
the hand of Judah unto this day.] So Ifaac had
foretold to his fon Efiau, Gen. xxvii. 40. Yet
afterward in the. time of the Maccbabaic kings
they were fubdu'd again ; and feem to have
join'd themfeives with the Jews.
11. He [Jeboram] made high places in the moun
tains of Judah.] 0, 'In all the cities of Judah.
1.2. And there came a writing to him from' Eli
jah the prophet.] 6, 'HA/» rS 7r%oQ>iT)s.
There is no neceffity of fuppofing it to be Eli
jah the Tifhbite, who had been dead fome years ;
and when he liv'd, being a prophet of Ifrael, is
not read tohaveconcern'd himfelf with the kings
of Judah: but fome other prophet of that name
then living.
. iy. There was never a fon left him, fave Jeho-
abaz the youngeft of his fens.] i Aid. and a MS.
of Cambridge have the name.'lcS-x^' But d Vat.
(and Alex. I fuppofe) 'o^o^iW- The fignifica-
tion of thefe two names is the fame. But Heb.
at the 6th verfe of the next chapter, calls him
by a quite different name, Azariah, by a miftake,
I fuppofe, of the Heb. copyer ; for there d is in
all its editions the right name 'O£o£i«? • Ahaziah.
So he is, always call'd in Kings.
19. His people made no burning for him, like the
burning of his fathers.] d,  burial, cmQoqxv-—
burial 
XXII. 2. Forty and two years old was Ahaziah
when he began to reign.] d Vat. and Alex. Twen
ty years old  d Aid. Twenty and two years
old. 2 Kings viii. 26. Twenty and two years
old  Heb. and d.
This is one of the moft palpable mistakes and
wrong readings in the Heb. of this book. . Few
of the reft are corrected in d: But this is. Yet
Vol. II. Z Vulg.

338 Critical Notes
2 chron: Vulg. alfo has 42. The Syriac verfion, they fay,
has 22. That he fhould be more, is impoffible;
and hard to be conceiv'd that he fhould' be fo
much. His father Jeboram (in the laft verfe of
the precedent chapter, and in other texts) was
but 32 when he began, and reign'd 8. So he
was but 40 when he died. And could his fon
then be 42 ? Thofe that make falvo's and far*
fetch'd explications for fome other wrong read
ings, have none for this. No inter-regnum can
be fuppos'd here : For in 2 Kings viii. 1 6. Jebo
ram the father began in the 5th , year of Joram
king of Ifrael. And verfe there 25. Ahaziah
the fon began iri the 12th. And in a- year
after that, they were both kill'd together; Jo
ram of Ifrael, and Ahaziah of Judah.
In various lections, where the cafe is any thing
doubtful-, it is proper for a tranflator to fet
in the text the reading of that copy which has
been moft generally receiv'd ; and put the other,
if need be, in the margin : but where the ordi
nary reading is an apparent erratum, Eng. by
authority of the book of Kings might have done
as the Syriac hasj|done ; and not leave contradic-.
tory readings, to the fcandal of weak or igno
rant readers of Scripture.
If Ahaziah was 22 when his father died at 40,
he muft have been begotten when his father was
17 or 18. And yet he had elder brethren, ch,
xxi. 17. It does not fay how many: but that
the aijs^jov, f 1. the wild Arabs kill'd them all.
They muft have been begotten when their father
was very young, d Vat. and Alex, here, fay he
was but 20. But we muft not without abfblute
neceflity recede from the reading in Kings, where
Heb. and d, and all copies are 22, XXII. 8.

on the Old Testament. 339
XXII. 8. Jehu-*- found the princes of Judah, 2 Chron.
and the fons of the brethren of Ahaziah.] d,-
the princes, of Judah, the brethren of Ahaziah.
So 2 Kings x. 13.
They were his kindred; proper brethren he
could have none. Ch. xxi. 17.
9. He [Ahaziah] was hid in Samaria.] In the
kingdom of Samaria. He had come out of his
own kingdom into the kingdom of Samaria. The
place was Megiddo: 2 Kings ix. 27.
n. Jehofhabeath — daughter of king Jehoram—-
wife ofjehoiada—fifter of Ahaziah, hid, Sec] It
feems the Arabians left a daughter of Jeboram,
when they kill'd his fons.
XXIII. 5: And a third part at the gate of the
foundation.] d, At the middle gate.
13. Then Athaliab rent her clothes, and faid,
Treafon, treafon.] 6, — — — — faid, You rebels,
you rebel ; do you ?
14. Jehoiada faid unto them, Have her forth
of the ranges ; . and whofe followeth her, let him be
fiain with the Jword. For the prieft faid, Slay her
not in the houfe of the Lord.] d, Have her out of
the houfe : and go you out after her ; and let
her be flain with the fword. For the prieft faid,
Let her not be flain in the houfe of the Lord.
Vulg. Have her forth of the ranges of the houfe ;
and let her be flain with the fword without: for
the prieft ordered that fhe fhould not be flain in
God's houfe.
15. So they laid hands on her; and when fhe
was come to the entring of the horfe-gate, by the king's
houfe, they flew her there. ] d, And they gave
her refpite ; and fhe went by the horfe-gate of
the king's houfe, and they flew her there.
18. By the hand of the priefts the Levites, whom
David had diftributed in the houfe of the Lord.] d,
Z2 By

34° Critical Notes
2 Chron. By the hand of the priefts and the Levites ; and
he fettled the courfes of the priefts and of the Le-<
vites, which David had distributed, in the houfe
of the Lord.
XXIII. 20. And they came through the high gate
into the king's houfe.] Vulg. <  the upper gate.
6, The inner gate.
By this, and many places, it appears that the
king's houfe join'd to the temple.
XXIV. 6. To bring in— the colletlion [according
to the commandment ] of Mofes the fervant of the
Lord, and of the congregation of Ifrael, for the ta
bernacle of witnefs?] d, and Vulg.f To bring in
1  the money appointed by Mofes the man of
God, when he affembled all Ifrael t'o the taber
nacle of witnefs? Vulg. That all the congrega
tion of Ifrael fhould bring it to the tabernacle of
witnefs. 7. For the fons of that wicked woman Athaliab
¦had broken up the houfe of God.] It raifes a doubt
what fons of hers could do this. . All the fons
fhe had by Jeboram before that inroad of the A-
rabians, ch. xxi. 17. were kill'd or carry'd away
by them, fave only Ahaziah. -And they could
not be of age to have done this mifchief before.
Ahaziah himfelf was kill'd at his age of twenty-
three. When he was kill'd, fhe feems to have
had never a fon left. His death was feven years
before this time. Vulg. ls> that fhe and her fons
had done it: Her fon in his time, and fhe in the
feven years of her ufurpation, might very pro
bably rob and deface the temple.
10. All the princes and all the people brought—'
and caft into the cheft, -till they had made an end.]
p, and Vulg.  — till it was full.
18. And they left the houfe of the Lord  and
ferved groves and idols.] d3 —'Atd-gous h, d$dxoH.
XXIV. 20.

on the Old Testament, 341
XXIV. 20. The fpirit of God came upon Zecha- 2 Chron.
riab the fon of Jehoiada.] 0, —— upon Azariah
the fon, Wc.
Our Saviour fpeaking, Matt, xxiii. 35. of one
¦ Zachariah fon of Barachiah, flain by the Jews in
the temple, does not probably mean this Zacha-
ry: For neither in d, nor in Heb. does the name
of the father fir. Our Saviour reckoning from
the firft man that had been murder'd, to one of
the lateft, would not have chofen this inftance,
which was but about the middle of the Jewifh
government. There were feveral murder'd in the
temple after this. Jofephus tells of one, the high-
priest's brother in later times. Zachary was a
very common name. Our Saviour does not fay
that he was either prieft or prophet.
25. For the blood of the fens of Jehoiada.] d,
and Vulg.  of the fon of Jehoiada.
27. And the greatnefs of the burdens laid upon
him. ] Vulg. And the fum of money gathered
by him.
XXV. 5. Amaziah numbred the able men of Judah
and Benjamin, three hundred thoufand. ] They
were very much funk fince Jehofhaphat's time.
14. Burned incenfe unto them.] 0, Sacrificed
to them.
This difference is often between Eng. and d.
23. Amaziah king of Judah the fan ofjoajh, the
fon of Jehoahaz.] Jehoahaz here is another name
for Ahaziah.
28. In the city of Judah.] d, and Vulg. City
of David. As 2 Kings xiv. 20.
XXVI. 7, 8. The Arabians that dwelt in Gur-
baal, and the Mebunims- And the Ammonites gave-
gifts to Uzziah, Sec] d, The Arabians that dwelt
in Pelra, and the Mebunims, Mtvouxs. And tne
Mebunims gave gifts to Uzziah, &c.
Z 3 Vulg.

342 Critical Notes
a Chron. Vulg. — >¦ .. ¦ and the Ammonites. And. the
Ammonites gave gifts to Uzziah.
In <f feems to be meant Arabia Petraa. The
people call'd here Mebunims, and in 6, Miveuoi,
are often confounded with the Ammonites ; as here
by Vulg.
XXVII. 8. This verfe, which is totidem verbis
the fame in f i. is not in d.
XXVIII. i. Ahaz was twenty years old when he
began to reign, and he reigned fixteen years.] 6
Vat.  twenty-five. But o Alex. Aid: Comp.
and Jof. and Vulg. as Heb. And at the parallel
, place, 2 Kings xvi. 2. Heb. and o in all its editions
as Heb. here. And yet there is a very confide-
rable reafon to think that 6 Vat. here is the true
reading ; and that all the reft have dropp'd the
number five, which is preferv'd in this copy.
The reafon is not taken from any paflage in
this chapter, or in Ahaz's time; but from the
age that his fon Hezekiah was of, when he began,
ch. xxix. i. that is, twenty- five in Heb. and s,
both here and in Kings. Now if Ahaz was but
twenty when he began, and reigned but fixteen j
then he was but thirty-fix when he died: and
could not have a fon twenty-five years old, un
lefs he begat him at ten or eleven.
This difficulty has puzzled all the commen
tators which have not confulted i Vat. at this
place (as I do not find that any of them have
done) and they ftudy for folutions. No inter-'
regnum can be fuppos'd between Ahaz and He
zekiah ; nor do diey put any. Abp. UJher in his
Annals mentions the folution given by Trem. (in
what book or place of Trem. I know not ; for I
do not find it in his annotations on this text, on
which yet it is founded) He explains, it feems, thi$

on the Old Testament.
this place (taking in the words immediately pre- ¦¦
ceding) thus :
Jotham flept, Wc  and Ahaz his fon reign
ed in his ftead. Ahaz was twenty years old when
he [Jot bam] began to reign.
This»falves all for the prefent: For if Ahaz
was twenty (not when he himfelf began, but)
when his father began ; and his father reigned
fixteen (as he did, ch. xxvii. i.) then he was thir
ty-fix when he himfelf began : and reigning fix
teen years, would be, when he died, fifty-two.
And might well have a fon Hezekiah, then of
the age of twenty-five.
Abp. Ufher, when he mentions this explication
of Trem. does not give any note of approbation
of it ; and it was better that he did not : for it is
a very abfurd one, and, like moft of thofe far-
fetch'd folutions, to evade one blot, makes a
greater. For if Ahaz was twenty when his fa
ther Jotham began, he was within five years as
old as his father, by ch. xxvii. i. The compu
tation of the times of thefe generations ftands in
Heb. thus: Heb.

343
Chron.

Jotham Abax
Hexek/ab

beganat the
age of
20
*5

reigned 16 16

died at
the age
of 41 36

might have
a fon at the
age of20 25

the fon begotten
when the father
was 21 11

Jotham
Abax Hezekiah

*5 a5

In
Is

0 Vat.

thus:
1 *5
25

1 ,s
16

XXVIII. 3. Ahaz — burnt his children in the
fire.] <,',  made his children pafs through the
fire. So Heb. is at 2 Kings xvi. 3, Vulg. 
luftravit filios fuos in igne. „rT,TTT
% 4 XXVIII. 4.

344 Critical Notes
a Cfynn. h XXVIII. 4. Burnt incenfe in the high places, and
on the hills. ] 6, In high places, and tops of
houfes. 5, 6, 8. God delivered Ahaz into the hand of the
king of Syria: and they fmote him, and carried a-
way a great multitude captives — And he „was alfo
delivered into the hand of the king of Ifrael, who
fmote him with a great flaughter. For Pekah— flew
in Judah an hundred and twenty thoufand in one
day, &c.  and carried captive two hundred
thoufand,] In 2 Kings xvi. 5, it is faid that thefe
two kings made an attempt on Ahaz, and could
not prevail againft him : So that there muft have
been two expeditions made by them againft him.
One, in which they did not prevail ; which is re
cited in Kings, but not the other: and one in
which they did prevail to his ruin ; which is re
cited here, but not the other. Both of thefe
muft have been made within the compafs of three
years, or thereabouts: 'For Ahaz began in the
17th year of Pekah; and Pekah was kill'd in,
or at the end of, his 20th ; 2 Kings xv. 27. and
xvi. 1. There is in the vii. and viii. of Ifaiah
an account how Ahaz being affrighted with the
noife of thefe two kings coming againft him,
was comforted by Ifaiah, who aflur'd him that
within a few years (by the time that a child then
conceived or born fhould be able to fpeak plain)
the world fhould be rid of both thofe kings.
There is in the books no manifeft criterion to
judge which of thefe two expeditions was the
firft : whether that in which they fucceeded ; or
that in which they were fruftrated. But Jofie-
. phus, and moft commentators, lay. the order of
It thus ; That the war had been prepar'd by both
thofe kings againft Judah in Jotbam's time (which
is cpnfirm'd, 2 Kings xy. 37.) and that he dying,
. Aha%

on the Old Testament. 345
Ahaz and the, people of Judah feeing the ftorm 2 Chron.
coming, were in a consternation (Ifaiah vii. 2.)
of which the prophet cur'd them, by affuring
them that they need not fear thofe two fmoak-
ing firebrands (and accordingly they then re
treated without doing any execution.) But as
Ifaiah had at the end of his comfortable fpeech
told Ahaz (ch. vii. 9.) If ye will not believe, jure"
ly ye Jhall not be eftablifhed: If they would not by
this apparent danger, and God's deliverance of
them from it, be converted from their idolatry
and wickednefs, and adhere to the true God ;
they fhould, notwithftanding the prefent delive
rance, be deftroy'd : And as Ahaz did fo conti
nue an infidel and impenitent, the fame ftorm .
return'd again quickly, before the three years"
were out, with fuch a ravage on that nation as is
here defcrib'd. An explication of which is ne-
ceffary, becaufe the books of Kings, and of Ifai
ah, having nothing of this latter judgment, might
elfe feem contrary to what is here faid.
XXVIII. 8. Carried captive of their brethren,
two hundred thoufand women, fons and daughters.]
0 Vat.  300,000.—— 0 Aid. 800,000.
19. Becaufe of Ahaz king of Ifrael; for he 
tranfgreffed fore againft the Lord.] 6, and Vulg.
——king of Judah ; for he —turned away by
apoftacy from the Lord.
20. King of AJfyria came unto him -, and diftreffed- .
him; but ftrengtbened him not.] He did avenge
him of his enemies, and deftroy'd them ; but
at the fame time pillag'd his Gauntry.
2 4. Ahaz gathered together the veffels of the houfe
of God, and cut in pieces the veffels of the houfe of
God, and fhut up the doors of the houfe of the Lord,
&c] d, and Vulg. Ahaz plupdered all the vef fels

346 Critical Notes
a Chron. fels of the houfe of God, and cut them in pieces,
and fhut up the doors, Wc.
XXIX. 7. Alfo they have fhut up the doors of
the porch, and put out the lamps.] 6,— doors [or,
gates] of the temple. See ch. xxviii. 24.
9. Our fons, and our daughters, and our wives
are in captivity for this.] 6,  in captivity, out
of their own country, even to this day.
It feems fome were not yet return'd from Da-
mafeus or Samaria; whither they had been car-
ry'd by Rezin and Pekah, as inch, xxviii.
1 7. And on the fixteentb day of the firft month
they made an end.] 0— the 13 th day.
19. All the veffels which king Ahaz in his reign
did caft away  have we fanSified. ] e, and
'Vulg." did defile.
30. To fing praife unto the Lord with the words
cf David, and of Afaph the feer.] 0, The pro
phet. It feems by this, that in fome of the Pfalms
Afaph compofed not only the tune, but the
words. 34. For the Levites were more upright in heart,
td fantlifie themfeives, than the priefts.] Vulg. For
the Levites are fanctified by a more eafy [or,
ready] way than the priefts.
XXX. 3. Becaufe the priefts had not fiantlified
themfeives fufficiently.] 0, and Vulg. Becaufe there
were not enow of the priefts that were fanctified.
1 4. And all the altars for incenfe took they away,
and caft them into the brook Kidron.] 6, and Vulg.
All the altars whereon they had burnt incenfe
to falfe gods. Vulg. To idols.
22. And they did eat throughout the feaft feven
idays.] i, And they kept the feaft of unleavened
bread feven days.
XXX, 26.

on the O L D T E S T A M E N t. 347
XXX. 26. Since the time of Solomon — [there z Chron.
was] not the like in Jerufalem ~| e,  there
was not fuch a feaft [kept] in jerufalem.
XXXI. 2. To give thanks, and to praife in the
gates of the tents of the Lord.] 6 Alex  . in the
courts of the houfe of the Lord, a> rxTg au\ous
oYxs. 6 Vat.— in the gates, in the courts — a/tout
•nvKous, b> rous <xd\oug. 6 Aid, — — in the gates,
and in the courts. 6 Comp.  in the gates of
the court, Iv rout i:\tKax? ok/a??. Vulg. ,. jn
the gates of the camp of the Lord, in portis caf-
trorum. So Trem.
6. And [concerning] the children of Ifrael, and
Judah, that dwelt in the cities of Judah, they [alfo]
brought in the tithes of oxen and fheep, and the tiibe
of holy things [which were] confecrated to the Lord
their God ; and laid [them] by heaps. ] 6, And
the inhabitants in the cities of Judah, they alfo
brought the tithes of oxeri and fheep, and the
tithes of goats, euyw, and confecrated [or, fanc
tified] them to the Lord their God, Wc.
Where d has edyeSv, there Heb. has [ of holy '
things] which will make thofe who never allow
any erroneous reading in Heb. think that the co
pyers ofo have wrote c&ym inftead of dylm. But
befides that [the tythe of oxen, and of fheep,
and of goats] runs more currently than [of oxen,
and of fheep, and of holy things ; ] and that 6
in all its editions is aXym, none have dylm • there
is alfo a fcholion in the MS. of 0 Vat. that fays,
it is akymv in the old books that had been colla
ted. In the Greec, cuyw and xyluv might eafily
be miftaken, one for another: but in Heb. no
copyer or tranflator could miftake hivim for
kodefhim. The Heb. reading feems to be Idifturb'd. Eng.
h fain to put in words to make fyntax of it.
There

348 Critical Notes
2 Chron. There is Ifrael and Judah, where the fenfe feems
to require Judah only, as it is in d. Where Eng.
is, Tithes of holy things [which were] confecrated :
Vulg. Santloruni qua voverant. _ Ar. Mont. De-
cimam fantlitatum fantlificatorum. Trem. alfo
owns that Heb. properly is fo: but he turns it to
Decimas, fiacras, i.' e. facratas. Caft. Eorum qua
Deo confecrata erant.
There is no fuch phrafe in Scripture, as, The
tithe of holy things. The tithes themfeives are
faid to be holy to the Lord, Levit. xxvii. 30.
But the flock, or heap out of which they are
taken, is never called holy. Tithe of goats, as
of other cattle, is a thing commonly known.
XXXI. 13., At the commandment of Hezekiah,
- • -and Azariah the. ruler of the houfe of God.]
There was a high-prieft Azariah, in Uzziah' s
time (who died, 3956.) a man of great note,
who withftood the king in his wicked attempt :
And that feems to have been not long before
Uzziab's death. Suppofe it at the year 3950:
If Azariah were then a young man, he might
continue in the high-priefthood till this time,
which was the firft or fecond year of Hezekiah,
3988. And this feems to me the moft probable
way of fettling the years of the high priefts as
they ftand in that catalogue of high-priefts, 1
Chron. vi. 10.
16. Befide their genealogy of 'males from three
years old and upward.] d, Befide their offspring
of males, Wc ohtos ins eTnyoviJ?.
A prieft was to have a fhare of the firft-fruits,
offerings, Wc. not only for himfelf, but for each
of the children in his family.
17. Both to the genealogy of the priefts by the
hpufe of their fathers, and the Levites, Sec] d,
This

on the Old Testament. 340
This was the fhare [lot, or portion, koUxKo^js- 2 Chron.
pf] by the houfes of their families, We.
XXXI. 18. And to the genealogy of jail their
little ones^ their wives, their fens, their daughters.]
c, To allow a fhare for all their family, their
fons, their daughters.
Ibid. For in their fet office they fantlified them
feives in bolinefs.] 6, For they faithfully fancti
fied [i. e. diftributed] the holy things.
Vulg. For they were faithfully allowed [their
fhare] of the things that were fanctified.
The context is not about the priefts fanctify-
ing themfeives ; -but how faithfully they diftri
buted the firft-fruits, Wc. among themfeives.
19. To give portions to all the males among the
priefts, and to all that were reckoned by genealogies
among the Levites. ] 6,  priefts, and all
that were numbred among the Levites. That is,
I fuppofe, to all the Levites above twenty years
old. See f if.
The word, genealogy, ran inuch in, the Eng.
tranflator's mind through all thefe three verfes ;
of which there is nothing in the fenfe of the
place, nor in any other tranflator. Sometimes
he calls a man's family of wife and children his
genealogy; and fometimes his fhare of victuals
is his genealogy.
XXXII. 4. Stopped all the fountains, and the
brook that ran through the midfi of the land.] 6,-—
the midft of the city.
5. Built up all the wall that was broken, and
raifed it up to the towers.] 0',——— broken, and
the towers. Vulg. And built towers over it.
Ibid. And repaired Millo in the city of David.]
d, Strengthened to dvdtypip-ot, of the city of Da
vid. Trem. Strengthened the fortification of the
city of Davia, The

3£o Critical Notes
2 Chron. The name MMo is by d cohimonly tranflated
«*§«• (which fome make a hill by it felf) But
here one would take it to be a wall about mount
Sion. XXXII. 6. He gathered them together to him
in the ftreet of the gate of the city. ] i,— in the
ftreet of the valley-gate.
XXXIII. i. Manaffeh was twelve years old
when he began.] So that he was born three years
after the time when Hezekiah's life was prolong'd
fifteen years.
3. And he made groves.] Afheroth; images of
Aftarte. 11. The captains of the hoft of the king of AJfy
ria, which took Manaffeh among the thorns, and
hound him with fetters, and carried him to Baby'
Ion.] 0, Vulg. Caft. Ar. Mont, and all but Trem.
——which took Manaffeh in chains, and bound
him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon.
'Tis ftrange that any one fhould be fo con
ceited with his criticifm in Heb. as to rriarr the
fenfe of Scripture-history by circumstances fo im
probable, as the fuppofing that a king was
caught hy an hoft of his enemies under an hedge,
or crept into a buftj. If the word in Heb. may
fignify, thorns ; yet the fenfe of the place, and
the old tranflations of 6, Vulg. Wc. would con
vince any one that it is got into the prefent Heb.
inftead of a word that fignified chains. Compare
ch, xxxvi. 6.
There is nothing of all this tranfaction,. nor of
Manaffeh's repentance which here follows, fpo
ken of in Kings: As on the other fide there is
nothing faid here of the ten tribes carried into
captivity by the kings of AJfyria. The gene
rally receiv'd hiftory is, that the kingdom of
Babylon

o« ^ Old Testament. 351
Babylon had before this time feparated itfelf from 2 Chron.
the kingdom of AJfyria at Ninive: And yet the
Jews call'd them kings of AJfyria. In Hezekiah 's
time, Merodach Baladan is call'd king of Ba±
hylon. And in Manaffeh's time, (who began
4016. and continued to 4071. i. e. from the
49th year of Nabonaffar's Eera, to 104.) Plolo-
my's canon reckons five fucceflive kings of Ba
bylon : But the title of the canpn is, Of Kings
of AJfyria : as this king who carried Manaffeh to
Babylon , is here called king of AJfyria. The
Jewifh Rabbi's place this at his 22d year,- 71ft
of Nabonaffar. But Ptolomy places there an in
terregnum of eight years.
" XXXIII. 20. Manaffeh fiept, Sec  and they
buried him in his own houfe. ] d,  in the
garden of his own houfe. So 2 Kings xxi. 18.
XXXIV. 4. The altars of Baalim — and the
images that were on high above them, be cut down,
and the groves.] ¦ 6, — —and the high places
that were upon them ; and he cut the groves to
pieces. 6. So he did in the cities of Manaffeh, Sec-
even unto Naphtali, with their mattocks, round a-
bout.] 0,  Naphtali, and the places round
about. Caft. and Ar. Mont. Deferlis circumquaque locis.
Vulg. leaves the word quite out, Cuntta fubver-
tit: 9. And when they came to Hilkiah the high-.
prieft, they delivered the money-  which the Le
vites had gathered of Manaffeh and Ephraim
— r- and of all Judah and Benjamin, and they re
turned to Jerufalem?] 0, and Vulg.-» • • and of
all Judah and Benjamin, and the inhabitants of
Jerufalem.] There 1

35:2 Critical Notes
2 Chron. There is no fign that they had been at all out
of Jerufalem ; but were fent by the king to Hil
kiah. I noted a place before, ch. xix. 8. where
Trem. Eng. Wc. for the word, inhabitants, have
put the word, returned.
XXXIV. 17. And they have gathered together
[Marg. poured out, or, melted] the nioney that
was found in the houfe.] d, Vulg. They have
coined ¦ l^mdjtea, conftaverunt, the filver
that, Wc.
31. And the king flood in his placed] d, By a
pillar. And fo it is, 2 Kings xxiii. 3.
32. And the inhabitants of Jerufalem did accord
ing to the covenant.] d,— made a covenant.
As for their doing according to it* it is faid^
Jeremy iii. in a prophecy that fpeaks of Jofiab's
time, f 6-10. that they turned not with their
whole heart, but feignedly.
XXXV. 3. And [Jofiah] faid,  Put the
holy ark in the houfe which Solomon — —did build ;
[it Jhall] not be. a bur den upon your fhoulders.] 0,
— — — And they put [Aid. and to put] the ho
ly ark in the houfe, Wc.
What that putting the ark in the houfe, means,
I know not. Among all the wicked kings w«
do not read of any that remov'd it: Nor is it
afterward mention'd among the things that Ne-
buchadnezzar took away. There has been no
thing faid of it of late (but only here) and no
thing at all after this time. Trem. twifts the
words ; and makes them, Put them [the pafchal
offerings] before the ark in the houfe, which, Sec
8. Hilkiah, and Zechariah, &c.  gave un
to the priefts, for the paffover offerings, two thou
fand and fix hundred [Heb,?does not fay what:
the tranflators put in, fmall cattle] .and three
hundred

on the Old Testament. 35-3*
hundred oxen.] 0',—— -fheep, and lambs, and2 Chron.
kids, two thoufand fix hundred, and three hun
dred oxen.
And juft fo it is in the next verfe, with the
gifts of the chief Levites.
XXXV. 12. And they removed the burnt-offer
ings, &c. — — and Jo did they with the oxen.] 6,
And they prepared the burnt- offerings, Wc. 
And fo they did in the morning.
It means, I think, the morning after the paff-
over night.
19, 20. Here 0 does infert between thefe two
verfes a large paragraph out of 2 Kings xxiii. f
24, ad 27. the words a little alter'd:
22. Jofiah — • dijguifed himfelf to fight with him?]
0, and Vulg.— ftrengthened himfelf —
25. And Jeremiah lamented for Jofiah  and
behold they are written in the Lamentations.] The
Lamentations of Jeremiah were written above
twenty years after this, while Jerufalem lay wafte.
But yet the moan that is made there for the lofs
of a king, who had been their hope; ch. iv. 20.
is meant for Jofiah.
XXXVI. 4. King of Egypt made Eliakim king ;
and turned his name to Jehoiakim. ] Here 0 in-
ferts a recital out of 2 Kings xxiii. how Jehoi
akim gave the filver and the gold to Pharaoh ;
but that he taxed the land for the money, ex
acting of every inhabitant according to his tax
ation. Then 0 here fubjoins, This was the firft time
that the land was taxed.] Such a thing had been
in the kingdom of IJrael before, by Menabeni
the ufurper, a little before the final ruin of that
people ; as this was but a little before the ruin
of the Jews. But God Almighty by his pro
phet Ezekiel commanded that upon their reflau.
Vol. II. A a ration,

354;, Critical Notes
2 Chron. ration, this fhould not be done any more ; but
that the prince fhould have land allotted him
of his own for the public fervice, Ezek. xiv. 8, 9.
XXXVI. 8, Now the reft of the ads of Jehoi
akim, &c] . Here 0, having recited out of 2
Kings xxiv. that Jehoiakim flept with his fathers,
adds from I know not what authority, And was
buried with his fathers in Ganozae ; or, as Alex.
Ganozan. What place is meant, I know not.
That he was never buried with any other burial
than that of an afs, may be concluded from Jer.
xxii. 18, 19. and xxxvi. 30. And is particu
larly defcrib'd by Jofephus; how Nebuchadnez
zar caus'd his body to be caft from the top of
the wall, and vouchfafed him no fepulcher.
9. Jehoiachin was eight years old when he began
to reign.] 0 Vat. as Heb. But 6 Alex, and Aid.
Eighteen. It is in my opinion pity, that the tranflators
have not mended fuch apparent errata of the
fcribe of the prefent Heb. out of Kings'; 2 Kings
xxiv. 8. or out of 6; or out of common fenfe.
10. And made Zedekiah his brother, king.] 0,
His father's brother.
¦Vulg. in fome copies, fratrem ; in fome, pa-
truum. 20. To the reign of the kingdom of Perfia?] i,
Of the MedeS.
22. Now in the firft year of Cyrus.] It feems
to me probable that Ezra, having fome years
before written the book that beans his name,
and afterward writing this epitome of the hiftory
and genealogies, ending at the time when the
other began, annex'd to the end of this book
he fi rft paragraph of that.
FINIS:

A brief Chronological TABLE to
the Hiftorkal Books of the Old
Testament.
GEnefis contains a brief hiftory of the world,
from the creation to the flood. And.thence
a compendious hiftory of Noah and his po
fterity to Abraham. And a larger history of
Abraham and his pofterity by Jacob, to the death
of Jofeph.
The time from the creation to the flood was
1656. years according to Heb. and thereabouts
by S. P.
But by 0, it was about 2256.
The time from the flood to the calling of Abra
ham, (reckoning him to be born when his father
Terah was 130. which feems the truer account,)
was 426 years, according to Heb. but by d, and
S.P. about 1076. And from the callingof Abra
ham to Jofeph's death, was about 288 years by-
all copies.
The moft rational way being (for reafons men
tioned in Pref. to Genefis) to follow the chrono
logy of Heb. and S. P. from, the creation to the
flood ; and, from thence to the calling of Abra
ham, that of, 5. P. and d. leaving out the fecond
Cainan of 6, Thefe periods may be fet thus,
viz.

The

Year of

Year '

Pcr.Jul.

before

Cbrifi.

60

4654

I7l6

2998

2792

1922

3080

1634

Phonological Table.

The creation at or about
The flood
The Promife to Abraham
The death of Jofeph
Exodus contains the hiftory of
the Ifraelites for 144 years, from
Jofepfrs death, until the end of
one year's travel in the Wilder
nefs, when the tabernacle was- fet
up, and reaches to 3223 1491
Numbers gives the hiftory of
the remaining 39 years travel in
the Wildernefs, to 3262 1452
Jofihua for 25 years, from the
death of Mofes to the death of
Jofihua, to 3287 14";
Judges for 309 years, from
Jofhua's death, to the death of
Eli, to 35^6 lll%
1 Samuel, for 63^ years, from
Eli's death, to the death of Saul,
to 365^ 1055
2 Samuel, for the 40 years of
David's reign, to ' 3 69 9 10 1 5
1 Kings, for .1 25 years, to the
death of Jehojhaphat. 3825 889
2 Kings gives the hiftory of the
kings of Ifrael and Judah for 168
years, to the deportation of the
ten tribes 39P3 721
And farther, the hiftory of Ju
dah for 133 years 'till the Babyloni
an captivity 4126
Ezra

Crono logical Table.
Year of Year
Pcr.Jul. before
Cbrifl.
Ezra begins at the firft year of
Cyrus king of Perfia (who then re-
leafed the Jews from their 70
years captivity j and continues
his hiftory for about 90 years, to 4268 4^6
Nicemiab begins foon after the
time where Ezra ends ; he came
co Jerufalem in the 20th year of
Artaxerxes Longimanus King of
Perfia, and continues his hiftory
froir. that time, for about 20
years, to 4290 424

The times of the Prophetical Books.
Year of Year
Per.Jul. before
CbriS. ,
Onah prophefied in the Time
of Joafh King of Judah, and
Jehu King of Ifrael 3852 862
Joel in the time of Uzziah king
of Judah. 3914 800
Hofea, in the time of 'Jeroboam the
fecond, king of Ifrael, and of Uz-
ziab,Jotbam, Ahaz, and Hezekiah,
kings of Judah. -39.3° 7^4
Amos about the fame time.
Ifaiah in the latter part of Uz
ziah king of Judah 295,4 7^0
A a 2 Mich/ib, '

Cronological Table.
*" Year of Year
Ptr.Jul. before
Cbrift.
Michah, in the time of Jo
tham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah kings
of Judah 3970, .._ 744
Nahum 4°7i '^:&4$
I Zephaniah^ in the former part
Of Jofiah's reign 4076 638
Habakkuk 4088 626
Jeremiah- began in the 13 th of
7o/w& ; 4085 629
Continued to the time When
Jerufalem and the Temple were
btirnt r 'i 4126- 588
Ezekiel prophefied to the Jews
during their captivity in Baby
lonia, for 20 years, from 41 19, 595
to 4140 574
Daniel was alfo a captive in Ba
bylonia: He was taken captive
(while young)' by Nebuchadnezzar
king of Babylonia, in the 4th year
of Jehoiakim king of 'Judah, when
the 70 years captivity begun. 4108 606.
"He continued (as a holy Pro
phet, in the favour of God, and
much efteemed, honoured and pre
ferred by the Babylonian and Medo-
Perfian kings) for above 70 years,
to the end of the captivity, and
fomething longer. His laft pro
phecy was in the third year of
Cyrus king of Perfia. 4180 53-4
Obadiah was contemporary with
Ezekiel and Daniel. \ 7 haggai

Cronological Table.
Year of Yeat
Per.Jul. before*
Chrifl?
Haggai and Zechariah both pro
phefied in the fecond year of Da
rius Hyftajpis king of Perfia 4194 52O
What time Malachy lived is
fomething uncertain, only that it,
was after all the other Prophets,
and after the building of the
Temple, which was finifhed in the
6th year of Darius Hyftajpis. 419? git?*

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