THE

SEASON OF THE END; /

|A VIEW OF THE SCIENTIFIC TIMES
OF THE YEAR
1S40.
(COMPBTED AS ENDING ON THE 30TH ADAR, MARCH 23d, 1S41.) '
WITH PREFATORY REMARKS ON THEORIES OF GEOLOGY AS
OPPOSED TO THE SCRIPTURES, AND AN APPENDANT DIS
SERTATION ON THE DATES OF THE NATIVITY A.ND PASSION.
Bv WILLIAM CUNINGHAME, Esq.
OF LAINSHAVf, IN THE COUNTY Op AYR.

" BEHOLD HE COMETH WITH CI.OUDS." HEV. I. 7.

LONDON:
J. KISBET & CO., HATCHARD & SON, L, & G SEELEY, AND J. COCHRAN ;
EDINBURGH, W. WHYTE 8e CO. AND W. 1NNES;
DUBLIN, ROBERTSON & CO. ; GLASGOW,. J. SMITH & SON.
MDCCCXLI.

THE

SEASON OF THE END;

A VIEW OF THE SCIENTIFIC TIMES
OF THE YEAR
1840.
(computed as endinc on the 30th ADAR, march 23d, 1841.)
WITH PREFATORY REMARKS ON THEORIES OF GEOLOGY AS
OPPOSED TO THE SCRIPTURES, AND AN APPENDANT DIS
SERTATION ON THE DATES OF THE NATIVITY AND PASSION.

By WILLIAM CUNINGHAME, Esq.
OF LAINSHAW, IN THE COUNTY OF AYR.

' behold he cometh with clouds. Rev. i.

LONDON:
J. NISBET & CO., HATCHARD & SON, L. & G. SEELEY, AND J. COCHRAN ;
EDINBURGH, W. WHYTE & CO. AND W. INNES;
DUBLIN, ROBERTSON & CO. j GLASGOW, J. SMITH & SON.
MDCCCXLI.

GLASGOW :
Fuilahton & Co., Printers, Villafield.

PREFACE.

PART I.
Having felt an anxiety to learn whether the Series of Trinal
fractions, first brought to light in the Preface to the Second
Edition of my ' Fulness of the Times,' and afterwards more
fully developed in my ' Scientific Chronology of the Year
1839,' and its Supplement, had been seen by our mathema
ticians, I put a question on the subject to a Christian friend
at the University of Cambridge, in whose judgment and
impartiality I could place firm reliance. His answer was :
" The trinal fraction seems to be quite a novelty to the Cam-
" bridge men. I have consulted several persons well-qualified
" to judge, and they have not been able to detect any mathe-
" matical error in the statement given in p. 1 — 5 of the Sup
plement to your Scientific Chronology of 1839."* My
friend also said, in explanation, that he had not been able to
consult all the leading men, and that " it is possible, though
not probable, that some of them may have seen it."
It may, therefore, I presume, be safely taken for granted
by me, that our ablest mathematicians have not previously
seen this remarkable fraction, which is found, as it were,
imbedded in the Chronology of the Greek text that was
handed down to us, through the first Churches, from the
apostles and their successors; while that of the Hebrew text
was received from the greatest enemies of Christianity, and
the blasphemers of the Lord, during the third century. I
hope, therefore, that Mr. Clinton, the only chronologer in
the present age, who has espoused the scheme concocted by
the Hebrew doctors, as we allege, after the Jews had rejected
Christ, will feel himself called upon to account for this and
all the other similar, facts which are brought forward in my
writings ; and I hope that the candour which distinguishes the
work of this able writer, will lead him to acknowledge, that
the demand is a legitimate one.
I also cannot but express a wish, that those persons who
may have suffered their faith, in the entire inspiration of the
* This Statement is repeated in the present Work, pp. 9 — 13.

IV PREFACE.  PART I.
Old Testament scriptures, to be shaken by the bold asser
tions of modern geologists, may be led patiently to examine
the Scientific Chronology, which has furnished to my own
mind a demonstration of the inspiration and unerring truth
of the historical books of the Old Testament, which all" the
waves of geological infidelity cannot shake. We indeed
throw down the gauntlet to the geologists, defying them to
gainsay or refute it; and as it may tend to illustrate the
practical and elevating tendency of this study, I shall here
introduce a quotation from my Fulness of the Times, showing
how the discovery of the first outlines of this Divine scheme
of time affected my own mind, when it came upon me in all
its original freshness; and if the reader will for a moment
reflect upon the fact, that had there been only one year
more, in the generations between Creation and the Deluge,
and another year, between the Deluge and the birth of
Christ, or one year less, in each of these intervals, the
whole of the great periods mentioned in pp. 3 and 4 of this
Tract, and also the remarkable period from Creation to the
Dedication of the Temple, in p. 7, would have entirely failed,
as to their characters of exact astronomical or mathematical
science, he will at once see that there is no exaggeration in
the language of the passage to be now placed before him.
" The first reflection which forces itself .on the mind, in
" contemplating this wonderful scheme of time, comprehending
" in its vast embrace all earthly things, and all ages past, pre-
" sent, and future, is, that its Author is that Eternal
" Being, who alone presides over, and directs with infinite
" and unerring wisdom the destinies of all worlds, and ordains
" the revolutions of ages for effecting the purposes of his
"mercy, that in the dispensation of the fulness of time he
" might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which
" are in heaven and which are on earth, even in him*
" Had it been possible for man to have invented this scheme,
" he who devised it would have .proclaimed to the world his
"own invention; and it could not have remained concealed
" and utterly unknown for so many ages. The very fact,
" therefore, of its having remained hidden in the Sacred
" pages, is evidence quite sufficient that it is not, and cannot
" be, a human device.
" The second conclusion that we are compelled to draw,
" is, that the Book which contains this hitherto hidden and

* Ephes. i. 10.

PREFACE. — PART 1. V
unknown scheme of time, must have been written by in
spiration from God. For as no human understanding could
have invented such a scheme, so no human industry or
pains could have obtained possession of the materials for
accurately recording the events of the most distant ages,
and the duration of the lives and administrations of so
many patriarchs, and judges, and kings, so as to bring out
these collateral schemes of Jubilees and Cycles, without so
much as the defect of a year, and at distances in the revo
lutions of ages so immense, as to transcend, beyond mea
sure, all the records of authentic history, and even the ages
of fable and romance. I confess I see not what an infidel
can say against such a conclusion; and if the Christian,
who reads these pages, shall feel at all, as the writer, has
done at every step of the discoveries which have burst upon
him in these researches, he will be constrained, at every
moment, to lift up his heart in adoration and wonder, at the
greatness of the wisdom and the power of that Eternal
Being, who thus manifests the depth of his unsearchable
wisdom, in ordering the times and the seasons, and who
has been pleased to reveal these things in the Scriptures
for the instruction of the Church, and in order to the pre
paration of his servants for the things that are coming, and
to whom, through Christ Jesus, the Eternal High
Priest, be glory and praise, for ever and ever.
Amen.
" The next and last conclusion inevitably flowing from
the consideration of these things, is, to the utter shame and
discomfiture of all infidelity, that the Hebrew Dispensa
tion, (by which expression I mean the whole of that eco
nomy which is included in the promise to Abraham, In thy
seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed,*) is from
God, and all its events ordered by his providence, and all
its destinies, past, present, and future, under his especial
superintendence and guardianships and including, as it
does, in it, the first and second comings of Messiah, all
the hopes of this lower creation rest upon and are involved
in, the future developments of this dispensation, in which
are contained every promise of mercy and salvation to the
human race, and of the deliverance of the creation itself
from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of
the children of God."^
* Gen. xxii. 16. t Rom- viii. 21.

VI PREFACE.  PART I.
Though I decline again recapitulating the evidence in
favour of the Greek chronology ; yet, for the sake of general
readers, I shall mention a few facts.
1. Bishop Stillingfleet, in his Origines Sacra?,* informs us
that the whole Primitive Church before Jerome concurred in
receiving the computation of the Septuagint.
2. The most ancient Chronological summary which has
reached our times is a passage quoted by Demetrius from
Alexander Polyhistor, and preserved by Eusebius in the 9th
book of his Preparatio Evangelica. It tells us that from
Adam to the descent of the family of Joseph into Egypt
were 3,624 years, which precisely agrees with my tables, as
will be seen in the Appendix. Demetrius flourished about
the year B.C. 220.
3. Africanus, according to Syncellus, t computed the 8th
year of Solomon, in the year of the World 4457 ; according
to my tables it was Year of the World 4456, only 1 year less.
4. Epiphanius tells us that the preaching of Christ began
in the 15th of Tiberius, in the 30th year of his age, which
was the Year of the World 55094 In my tables the baptism
of Christ, in the 15th of Tiberius, is placed in the Year of
the World 5506, differing only 3 years from Epiphanius.
Lastly, with the exception of Mr. Clinton, all our most
deeply learned men, for the last two centuries, including the
names of Walton, the Editor of the Polyglott, Kennicott,
Isaac Vossius, Jackson, Faber, and Hales, who have touched
the subject of the Chronology, have agreed in rejecting that
of the Hebrew as utterly spurious. § Mr. Clinton also, by
fairly admitting that the number in 1 Kings vi. 1 . is a for
gery by the Hebrew scribes, has removed the only founda
tion on which any attempt can be made, even for a moment,
to uphold the Hebrew text Chronology, viz. the alleged in
tegrity of these scribes ; so that the ground on which he
stands slides from under his feet.
Some may be inclined to ask, why so near the end of the
* Book iii. chap. iv. sect. 3. He is particularly discussing the question of
the Postdiluvian Chronology, and to that, strictly speaking, his remark is
limited ; but it is confessedly no less true, as to the Prediluvian times.
f Vol. i. p. 342.
j Ad versus Haeies. Opera, vol. i. p. 663. Coloniie, 1682.
§ I do not account the authority of such persons as Blair, who appears to
he a mere compiler of Tables, or the whole tribe of such compilers, as being
of the least weight in this question. A chronologer must enter into prin
ciples, and weigh evidence, otherwise he is a mire retailer of existing
systems.

preface — part i. vii
year 1840, according to the Jewish Sacred year, publish the
present Tract at all ? The answer to this is, that even if
the year were wholly past, its relation to the Mundane Chro
nology is such as, in the opinion of the author, to demand its
publication. But further, some of the greatest periods in
cluded in it, as those from the births and deaths of Seth,
and probably many of the other patriarchs, and also that from
the translation of Enoch, do not come out till very near the
end of the year.
I should willingly have spared, for the sake of the readers
of my former Works, the expense of repeating, in these
pages, what has more than once been placed before them, as
to the Trinal fraction, and also the Table in the Appendix,
but this would have rendered the Work unintelligible to other
readers. I find, by the Jewish almanacs of this year, that they
place the 1st of Nisan, 1841, a day earlier than I do, viz. on
the 23d March. But, as that is the very date of the New
Moon, they are wrong, according to the principles of their
own Calendar ; for, in consequence of this, they make the
1st Nisan actually begin on the evening before the New
Moon, viz. on our evening of the 22d.
Since my Tables were printed, I have been convinced, by
the reasoning of Wintle, in his Version of Daniel, and other
writers, that one date in them, viz. that of Period No. 81, be
ing Nebuchadnezzar's dream of the four kingdoms, is wrong,
and that the 2d of Nebuchadnezzar, in that passage of Da
niel, means the 2d of his reign alone, after his father's death,
viz. the date assigned to it in our Bibles, b. c. 603, whence,
to 1840, is the fraction 111 x 22 = 2442 years.
Having mentioned the tendency of geological theories to
generate scepticism, as to the inspiration of the Old Testa
ment Scriptures, I have thought it right to add a Second
Part to this Preface, containing some strictures on these
theories ; and, in drawing up these remarks, I have, besides
the volume of Mr. Favrholme, derived assistance from the
Works mentioned in the Note ; to the able authors of which,
I beg leave to express my obligations.*
* 'A Comparative Estimate of the Mineral and Mosaical Geologies,' by
Granville Penn, Esq. ; — ' Considerations on Modern Theories of Geology,' by
the Rev. Thomas Gisbome, M. A., Prebendary of Durham; — 'After
Thoughts on Reading Dr. Buckland's Bridgevvater Treatise,' by the Hon.
and Rev. S. Best j — ' Reflections on Geology, suggested by the Perusal of
Dr. Buckland's Bridgewater Treatise,' by the Rev. Meller Brown, late in
cumbent of Hylton in the County of Durham.

PREFACE.

PART II.
ON THEORIES OF GEOLOGY AS OPPOSED TO THE SCRIPTURES.
Dr. Buckland, in one passage of his Bridgewater Treatise,
tells us " that, if Geology should seem to require some Httle
" concession from the literal interpreter of Scripture, it may
" fairly be held to afford ample compensation for this demand by
" the large accessions it has made to the evidences of natural
" religion." This exchange we will not consent to make, un
less the lawfulness of the concession can, in each particular
case, be made out from the Scriptures themselves ; otherwise,
the literal sense of the Scriptures may not be conceded to
Dr. Buckland, or to an angel from heaven. In a note, p. 95,
he speaks of " a violent inundation which had overwhelmed
" great part of the northern hemisphere ;" and, it seems pro
bable that the event in question was the last of many geo
logical revolutions that have been produced by violent irrup
tions of water rather than the comparatively tranquil
INUNDATION DESCRIBED IN THE INSPIRED NARRATIVE. Now,
the language of Moses in relating the history of the flood is,
that, " in the same day were all the fountains of the great
" deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened."
The Hebrew word, VpX which is rendered broken up, means
to cleave or split ; and the Greek itfaymm, means were snapped,
or torn ; and both words appear to indicate the sudden and
awful disruption, probably by volcanic fire, producing one
universal earthquake of the crust of the earth, causing
the waters to rush upwards with awful violence. By the
opening of the windows of heaven, may be probably understood
the dissolution, by ten thousand thunders, of the Antediluvian
atmosphere, precipitating its waters with the awful force of
torrents and waterspouts ; and the Greek word is j**™^**™,
cataracts. Now, to affirm that the awful event which is thus described,
and which was first announced by God himself, in the em-

PREFACE. — PART II. IX
phatic words, Behold, I, even I, do bring a flood of
waters on the earth to destroy all flesh, was a com
paratively tranquil inundation, is a direct contradiction of the
testimony of the Scriptures. Moreover, to speak of a deluge,
which covered the whole globe to a perpendicular height of
more than five miles above the present level of the sea,* as
being comparatively tranquil, outrages no less the principles
of reason and common sense than it does the letter of the divine
record ; for if, instead of rising nearly 28,000 feet, the waters
were by impetuous torrents filling the rivers, to rise at the
present moment only 100 feet, we all know what awful scenes '
of ruin and devastation would present themselves to our view,
the very opposite of a state of tranquillity.
As to the general theory of Dr. Buckland, many of the
facts which he brings forward, and especially the actual state
of the strata of the globe as exhibited in Plate I. of his 2d
Volume, appear to be subversive of his conclusions ; for, had
such multiplied convulsions as he imagines really taken place,
during "millions of millions of years between the beginning,
" in which God created the heaven and the earth, and the
" evening, or commencement of the first day of the Mosaic
" narrative,"f they must have torn and rent and subverted the
strata of the earth, mingling together the formations of differ
ent and distant ages, in a manner quite contrary to the orderly
arrangement which actually exists. Moreover, his reasoning
and positions are often self-contradictory. In p. 14, we find
an important admission that the season is not yet arrived when
a perfect theory of the whole earth can be established. What
confidence, then, can be reposed in his speculations as to its
duration for millions of ages, since when, the time shall arrive
for the perfect theory, they may be destroyed root and branch?
In p. 16 we are told, that "a large proportion of these" (or
ganic) " remains belong to extinct genera, almost all of them
" to extinct species, that lived and multiplied and died near
" the spots where they are now found, shows that the strata
" in which they occur were deposited slowly and gradually,
" during long periods of time, and at widely distant intervals."
Now, here the question occurs, why, if slowly deposited, these
organic remains were not decomposed ? — In direct contradic
tion, however, to what is said above, as to the slow and
gradual deposit of the strata, we are told in a note, p. 68,
* The perpendicular height of the mountain Dhawalageri, the highest of
the'Himalaya, above the sea, is 27,677 feet, nearly 5| miles.
f Dr. Buckland's Bridgewater Treatise, vol. i. p. 21.
b

X PREFACE  PART II.
" that the transport of the materials of the secondary series,
" and their disposition in strata widely extended over the
" bottom of the early seas, seem to have resulted from forces
" producing the destruction of more ancient lands on a scale
" of magnitude unexampled among the actual phenomena of
" moving waters ;" — and, we may add, if on a scale of mag
nitude, no less on a scale of celerity, unexampled. Again, in
pp. 122, 3, we find him admitting that most of the fossil
fishes seem to have been destroyed by some noxious quali
ties imparted to the waters, by change of temperature, or an
admixture of carbonic acid, or sulphuretted hydrogen gas, or
bituminous or earthy matter in the form of mud, — the fossil
fishes at Monte Bolca, which " are so closely packed on one
" another, that many individuals are often contained in a
" single block," appear to " have died suddenly," and " have
" been speedily buried in the calcareous sediment then in
" course of deposition ;" and " from the fact that certain in-
" dividuals have even preserved traces of colour upon their
'• skin, we are certain that they were entombed before decom-
" position of their soft parts had taken place." In like man
ner the fishes of Torre d' Orlando " seem also to have perished
suddenly." — " Evidence of the fact, of vast numbers of fishes
" and Saurians having met with sudden death, and immediate
" burial, is also afforded by the state of entire preservation in
" which the bodies of hundreds of them are often found in the
" Lias. It sometimes happens that scarcely a single bone,
" or scale, has been removed from the place it occupied dur-
" ing life," which could not have been " had the bodies of
" these animals been left, even for a few hours, exposed to
" putrefaction, and to the attacks of fishes." We are, indeed,
here, (p. 125,) in a note, referred to the Notes in future chap
ters on Coprolites and fossil Loligo for "proofs of the lapse
" of much time during the deposition of other parts of this
" formation." But there is a wide difference between the
vague expression much time, and the countless ages after
wards gratuitously assumed by Dr. Buckland in p. 197. It
is also impossible to estimate the exact duration to which, by
comparison, the term "much time,". might be justly appli
cable in ages, when, the learned geologist himself being the
witness, the operations of nature, instead of advancing slowly,
so as to require countless ages, did, in reality, move forward
with gigantic speed; and, when the formations of the second
ary strata were the result of forces acting on " a scale of mag
nitude " at present unexampled, and myriads of living fishes,

PREFACE.  PART II.

in one and the same moment, perished, and were entombed in
solid rocks suddenly formed. Furthermore, on referring to a
Note, in p. 307, which appears to contain the before-promised
proofs of much time, we find, I think, no such proofs ; but
rather evidence of the contrary, in the statement of the fact,
that those surfaces only, of the Coprolites, which lay upper
most in the bottom of the sea, have often suffered partial de
struction from the action of water before they were covered
by the muddy sediment " that has afterwards permanently"
(and therefore quickly) " enveloped them." And as to the
innumerable multitude of shells of Mollusks and Conchifers,
from which it is argued that there must have been a long
duration of time ; they might, as easily as the mud, have
been transported to the places where they are now found by
the currents of the ocean; or, if this solution be not ad
missible, we shall recur to a principle laid down by Dr. Buck-
land himself, p. 301, that " the design of the Creator seems,
" at all times, to have been to fill the waters of the seas with
" the greatest possible amount of organized beings," and to
the facts stated by him,- p. 383, Note, as to the millions of
Mollusks now swarming in the polar seas ; and it will follow
that much time was by no means necessary for producing these
innumerable multitudes of shells.
The facts, however, which have, as already seen, been
brought forward by Dr. Buckland, appear to account for
other circumstances stated by him, viz., that of the fossil
species of one sedimentary formation suddenly ceasing at the
commencement of another. The fishes of the oolite series
ceased suddenly at the commencement of the cretaceous for
mation, p. 271. Now, if these different formations were, as
appears to be already admitted, the result of different chemi
cal agencies in the waters of the sea, we may easily under
stand that the agency which precipitated one formation,
might be noxious to, and destructive of, life in one species of
fishes, while it might leave other species to perish in the im
mediately following deposition. It does not appear necessary
to resort to the supposition of successive creations to account
for these facts ; and, if not necessary, it is contrary to that
principle of sound philosophy which forbids us from multiply
ing causes without necessity.
By comparing also what Mr. Fayrholme has brought for
ward in his unanswerable Treatise, "New and Conclusive
" Physical Demonstrations both of the Fact and Period of
" the Mosaic Deluge," as to the discovery of human fossil

XU PREFACE  PART II.
bones at Kostrictz in Saxony, with Dr. Buckland's Chapter
on supposed cases of human fossil bones, it will be seen that
he passes over, without the least notice, this remarkable fact,
apparently because unfavourable to his theory.
To conclude, — rwhat we affirm in answer to the Geological
theory is, that the period of 2261 years between Creation and
the Deluge, when the earth which we now inhabit formed the
bed of the Antediluvian sea, afford more than sufficient time
for the origin of the whole of the transition and secondary
series ; and the rise and retreat of the waters of the Deluge,
(filling from the day that the fountains of the great deep
were broken up, till Noah first sent forth the dove, when
the earth was still covered with the waters,) an interval of
190 days, during which no less than 380 tides -swept over
the ocean, and over the rising lands of the present earth,
(the waters having been also increased in volume, to more
than 5 miles of perpendicular height, and the impetus of each
tide increased in proportion,) furnish sufficient causes to ac
count for later formations. Without doubt it may be quite
impossible, upon the foundation of the Hebrew text Chron
ology, which allows only a century between the flood and
the dispersion of mankind at the building of Babel, to explain
the origin of what are termed by Geologists, the fresh water
depositions ; but, as we have rejected this Jewish fable, and
restored the true system of the Scriptural Chronology, whereby
a period of 817 years is given from the Deluge to the founda
tion of Babel, during which the human family occupied only
the elevated plains at the foot of mount Ararat, and the rest
of the earth was probably extensively covered with marshes
and lakes, and the lowest plains also overflowed by the tides.
We have thus, altogether, a period of 3080 years for the
finishing of the present surface of the globe, and the fresh
water depositions are also accounted for.
In confirmation of our argument as to the ample sufficiency
of this period, let it be further observed, that, while the
theory of Dr. Buckland demands us to concede countless ages,
yea, millions of millions of years for these formations, the
facts already quoted from his pages go to prove their extreme
rapidity ; and also the like facts stated in vol. I. p. 307, as to
the sudden death' and burial of the Fossil Loligos. We have
now to add yet another important fact, showing, in like man
ner, the extreme rapidity of the earlier geological formations,
namely, that of the discovery of the tracks of quadrupeds in
the variegated sandstone at Hildsburghausen in Saxony,

PREFACE.  PART II. Xlll
which must have been impressed upon a bed of mud, or soft
clay, over which a deposition of sand took place at the next
flow of the tide. As to this fact, Mr. Fayrholme observes,
" There is no geological formation more clearly defined, or
" more universally recognised, in the series, than this parti-
" cular sandstone. Could we, therefore, follow the individual
" stratum on which these foot-prints are found, it is not easy
" to define its individual extent or termination. To what,
" then, shall we liken it in modern times, and where shall we
" look in existing nature for a situation where we might
" walk on mud beds, raised two or three feet higher after
" every periodical flow of the tide ; and this, not for one or
" two tides only, but for periods capable of thus accumulating
" sediments of some hundreds of feet in thickness ?"*
Believing, moreover, that the plain unequivocal testimony
of the scriptural record is, that there never was a ray of light
on this globe till the first day of the Mosaic Creation,
and that no organic life, either vegetable or animal, existed
upon it till the third and sixth days ; and, knowing by the
most irrefragable evidence, that the Book containing this re
cord was written by inspiration of God, we here, and on this
rock, take our stand ; and, before the Geologists can drive us
from it, they must overthrow the truth of the Bible by other
weapons than they have yet wielded ; for, if they have not
calculated the exact amount of power exerted in producing
each Geological result, or, in other words, if they have not
computed the strength, and known the will, of Him who
laid the foundations of the earth, neither can they tell us the
time necessary for each formation ; and their gratuitous as
sumptions of millions of ages are as inconsistent with the
principles of inductive reasoning as they are contrary to the
testimony of the Bible. * Fayrholme, p. 402.,

Lainshaw, January 16M, 1841. )
Tebeth 23rf,  J

POSTSCRIPT TO THE PREFACE.

Since this Preface was sent to the Press, the Appendix II.
has been composed by me, and is added to the Work, not
from any desire on my part to enter into controversy with
Mr. Greswell himself, whose Volumes are not, I think, cal
culated to make the least impression upon the public mind ;
but because I feel that disingenuous opponents, who dare not
openly meet my reasoning, may endeavour to evade and in
directly overthrow it, either by the adoption of the eras of the
Nativity and Passion which Mr. Greswell has chosen, as if
they were demonstrated, or of other dates equally opposed to
the truth.
Among the reasons which, to my own mind, render the
doctrine of our Lord's speedy advent most precious is, that
then the truti! will be triumphant ; and, let us not forget
that the Sacred Chronology is a part, and an important
part, of that Revealed Truth which is the property of the
Lord ; and that at his Judgment-seat it will not be a matter
indifferent to Him whether we have defended that truth, or
endeavoured to subvert it.
January 30th, (Shebet 9th,) 1841.

CONTENTS.

PREFACE. Page
Part I. ........ Hi
Part II. On Theories of Geology as opposed to the Scriptures, viii
Postscript to Ditto, ...... xiv
SECTION I.
Introductory Remarks, page 1 — The deep Science of the Mundane Chro
nology Illustrated by examples, p. 3  Corollary, p. 5  On the Trinal Frac
tion, as the measure of Time which is applicable to all Chronology. Its dis
covery and properties, p. 6  Table of Fractions from 1 to 85, p. 10  13 
On the various degrees of perfection which belong to the different Series of
this Fraction in the Chronology, p. 13  Facts showing the Connexion of
this Fraction with the Lunar and Solar Periods of our Planet, p. 18.
Introductory Remarks to the following Table of Great Periods, which
expire in the year 1840, p. 19.
The Great Periods which expire in the Year 1840, or Year of the World,
7318, computed as ending on the 30th Adar, March 23d, 1841, p. 19  50.
SECTION II.
On the Arrangement and Subdivision of the foregoing Great Periods, p.
51  Calculation illustrative of the Perfect Nature of the Period from Crea
tion to 1840, as being the Product of UNITY, and its Trinal Fraction 3,
p. 52  The same principle applied to the Units 2 and 3, and their Frac
tions. Two other Series from Creation to 1840, in the first of which the
Date of the 'Death of Adam fixed on Astronomical principles, p. 53 — 55. 
Second Great Mundane Era, p. 56  Third Subdivision of the Ages, the
Fourth, the Fifth, p. 57  The Sixth, the Seventh, p. 58  The Eighth, the

xvi contents.
Ninth, the Tenth, the Eleventh, p. 59. This Chronology appears to indi
cate the arrival of the Time of the End, p. 60. — Different senses of the
word "End," and how used in this Tract. Various modes of dividing
Daniel's Concluding Period of 75 Years, p. 61  The Climax of the Chro
nology, when? p. 62  The Great Periods of the Year 1841. The ap
proaching Restoration of Israel. Reasons for believing we have arrived at
the Great Climacteric of the Mundane Ages, p. 63 — Closing Practical
Remarks, p. 65.
APPENDIX I.
A Comparative Table of the Septuagint and Hebrew Chronologies, from
Creation to the accession of Uzziah, B. c. 810, showing their Jubilean Differ
ence to the Christian Era at each Date, p. 66.
APPENDIX II.
A Dissertation on the Dates of the Nativity and Passion, p. 73.

ERRATA.

The following have been discerned, and as great labour has been bestowed in
correcting the figures, it is hoped they will be found accurate : —
Preface, p. vi. lines 8 and 9, for "by Demetrius from Alexander Polyhistor,"
read " from Demetrius by Alexander Polyhistor."
Page 19, line 18, for 7317, read 7318.
22, Column of REMARKS, lines 23, 24, and 25, " Richard Cceur de Lion
sailing with the Emperor Frederic.'7 This is not correct. Frederic
had already, with an army of 150,000 men, set out on his road for
Palestine. Richard crossed the Channel on the same destination on
the Vigils of St. Lucy, — (see Mathew Paris,) 13th December, 11S9,
— and, in 1190, sailed with Philip for Palestine, which he did not
reach till 1191.
22, line 19 from bottom, after Justinian, for a full stop, insert a comma.
32, line 9 from bottom, in column of Remarks, for " from," read " form."
39, at the head of the third column, for " reriod," read " period."
55, Note, line 9 from bottom, before 8, erase " the."
58, Note, line 5 from top, for "of," read "from."

ADDITIONAL ERRATUM.

P. 89, line 12 from bottom, between " Thus'' and "April 5th, O. S.,''
insert "in the year A. c. 30."
{The Binder willplace this in front of page 1.)

THE
SEASON OF THE END,
8rc.

SECTION I.
introductory remarks — the deep science of the mun
dane CHRONOLOGY ILLUSTRATED BY EXAMPLES — COROL
LARY — ON THE TRINAL FRACTION AS THE MEASURE OF
TIME WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO ALL CHRONOLOGY  ITS
DISCOVERY AND PROPERTIES  TABLE OF FRACTIONS FROM
1 TO 85  ON THE VARIOUS DEGREES OF PERFECTION
WHICH BELONG TO THE DIFFERENT SERIES OF THIS FRAC
TION IN THE CHRONOLOGY  FACTS SHOWING THE CON
NEXION OF THIS FRACTION WITH THE LUNAR AND SOLAR
PERIODS OF OUR PLANET.
It is not my intention to recapitulate in this Tract the argu
ments so frequently in my former Works brought before the
public, to prove the authenticity of the Septuagint Chrono
logy, and the consequent spuriousness of the Hebrew. Dur
ing the last few years, and since the publication of the first
of my Chronological Works, testimonies in favour of the
Greek Chronology communicated either to myself directly, or
received through the medium of friends, have reached me from
so many different quarters, including names of the highest
order in learning and science, some being clergymen and others
members of Universities, that I can no longer doubt, that in

2 THE SEASON OF THE END, AND
the judgment of the great body of those who possess the
necessary qualifications for deciding a point of this nature,*
the question is settled. Indeed the only exception that I
happen to know to this remark is Mr. Clinton, the title of
whose deeply learned Work, Fasti Hellenici, shows that
the Sacred Chronology was an object of secondary and sub
ordinate inquiry to its eminently learned author. Moreover,
I have, in the Appendix to my Fulness of the Times,t en
deavoured to meet the arguments of Mr. Clinton in favour of
the Hebrew Chronology ; and to say nothing of the mass of
evidence which I have since brought forward in favour of the
Greek, I have seen no attempt by Mr. Clinton publicly to
refute my reasoning ; and till he does meet it, I must believe
it to be unanswerable.
Considering, therefore, that the question as to the authen
ticity of the Chronology is in reality set at rest, my purpose
in the present Tract is simply to carry down to the present
year, the series of Works, wherein I have formerly traced the
times of the World, computed down to each of the four years
from 1836 to 1839, showing that every succeeding year is
distinguished by concentrations of great periods, rendering it
progressively more remarkable than the one that preceded it ;
and it is the circumstance last mentioned which led to a re
mark made in my Tract on the Scientific Chronology of the
year 1 839,$ that we may assuredly expect, that if the second
* If I may be permitted to state my views of what these qualifications are, I
shall say they are — 1st, A mind sufficiently capacious to grasp the whole subject ; '
— 2d, The most perfect fairness, honesty, and temper, in weighing the evidence
for either scheme, the Greek or Hebrew, and in stating the arguments of oppo
nents ; — 3d, An utter indifference to the praise or censure of our fellow-men,
and especially of the evangelical body in the Church ; — 4th, A love of the truth
so ardent as to count all things but dung and loss that we may win her.
How far all who have in our own times professed to instruct the public on the
subject of Chronology can endure these tests, it is not for me to decide, as I am
one of those to be tried ; but I feel confident that the tests will approve them
selves to every impartial reader ; and that no one who does not possess one and
all of these qualifications, is worthy of the confidence of the Christian public at
a writer on Chronology.
f Pages 187—207. J Page 75.

scientific times of the year 1840. 3
Advent be at hand, the Chronology of the year when it oc
curs will be more wonderful than that of any former year, and
the Chronology of each year till it happens, will exhibit more
and more an extraordinary character.
The general principle upon which these observations are
founded, is, that the whole Chronology of the World being
arranged with perfect science, inasmuch as it is the science
not of the creature but the Creator ; and also with reference
to that fulness of the ages which is to distinguish both the
first and second Advents of the Messiah, it follows, that in
proportion as we draw nearer and nearer to either of these
great eras, we are to expect that the evidence of the science,
which has been spoken of, will multiply around us.
It has accordingly been shown by me in my former Works,
that the birth of Messiah, which in my Fulness of the Times
is shown to have been in the year before the vulgar era 3,*
is distinguished by a great concentration of times possessing
the characters of exact science and infinite foreknowledge, of
which I shall now enumerate the following : —
From the era of Creation, . . . B.C. 5478,
To the birth of Christ, are 365 X 15 = 15 years of years
= 5475. Moreover, as 15 is the sum of the Roots of the
first Pentad in numbers, so is 365 the sum of the Roots
of the fifteenth Pentad.1)" As 365, the number of the
days in the Tropical year, is also the trinal fraction of 8 =
73 X 5, it follows that this great period is that fraction, viz.
73 X 52 = 25 x 3, the fraction of 1, — so that in every way
in which we can compute it, the period is mysteriously perfect.
From the Fall, b. c. 5461, and the first promise of Christ,
and the expulsion from Paradise, and first manifestation of
God between the Cherubim, to the birth of Christ, b. c 3, is
the perfect astronomical Cycle of 5458 years, the Moon at
the end of it being fast 2 h., 42 m.
From the birth of Seth, b. c. 5249, the trinal fraction 4693
ends in b. c. 556, and 553$ at the birth of Christ.
* See that Work, chap. iii. : also Supplementary Dissertation to do., chap. i.
f The meaning of these terms will be explained below.
i For these Trinal fractions, see the Table which follows.

4 THE season of the end, and
From the birth of Shem, b. c. 3315, to the Nativity, are
23 Squares of 12 = 3312 years, 23 being also the sum of
the three first Trinal fractions, 3, 7, and 13.
From the death of Lamech, b. c. 3252, are to the Nativity
9 Squares of 19 years = 171 Cycles of 19.
From the birth of Arphaxad, b. c. 3215, to the Nativity,
is the trinal fraction 73x11x4 = 44.
From the confusion of tongues and begun division of the
Earth, b. c. 2398, to the birth of Christ,- is the perfect Cycle
of 2395 years, the Moon fast 24 m., 29 s., 54 th.
From the Covenant of God with Abraham, Gen. xv. B.C.
2061, are 42 Jubilees, or 6 Weeks of the Jubilee.
From the birth of Isaac, b. c.,2045, to the Nativity, is the
perfect Cycle of 2042 years, the Moon fast 1 h.,- 31 m.
From the birth of Judah, b. c. 1903, are 100 Cycles of 19.
From the birth of David, b. c 1 100, to that of Christ, is the
Cycle of 1097 years, the Moon slow 7 h., 30 m.
I shall next state some great periods measuring other great
Mundane ages.
From Creation to the Flood, b. c. 3217, are 17 Weeks of
the Metonic Cycle = 119 Cycles; and from the Flood to the
death of Christ, his resurrection and ascension, are 9 Squares
of 19.
From Creation to Noah's descent from the ark, and God's
everlasting Covenant, b. c. 3216, are 2262 years, a Cycle in
astronomy, the Moon fast 14 h., 53 m.; and to the birth of
Arphaxad from Creation is the multiple of the two trinal
fractions, 31 and 73 = 2263 years.
From the Fall to the birth of Arphaxad is the trinal frac
tion 1123 X 2.
These, as the readers of my former Works are perfectly
aware, are only a few examples of the multiplied scientific
features of the Sacred Chronology ; but they are enough for
my present purpose, and upon them I ground the simple pro
position, — that they are evidences of the science of an Infi
nite Intelligence, and that the Author of this arrangement of
the times of the Universe, can be no other than the Creator of

scientific times of the year 1840. 5
all things, and, consequently, that this Chronology is the
exact truth.
I also, from these facts, deduce the corollary, that as the
first advent of Messiah in humility is thus marked and illus
trated by great concentrations of scientific time ; so the season
of his second advent in glory, may be expected to be distin
guished, by yet greater concentrations.
In the next place, that the times of the World have espe
cially, from the year 1834, been marked by those features of
complete fulness, which appear to indicate the nearness of the
end, has been shown in my former Works, to which the
reader is referred; for to repeat here even a small part of what
has been said in these Works, would swell both the size and
the price of the present Tract beyond the leisure and conve
nience of my readers.
If, however, the whole times of the World shall be found
to form a complete and complex system of science, there must
be some standard or measure of scientific time which is uni
versally applicable. Now, the week of 7 years, or the square
of 7, being the Jubilee = 49, or the Metonic Cycle of 19, or
the larger Cycles of astronomy, or 12 and its multiples, al
though they are shown in my earlier Chronological Works to
be the measures of the great outlines of the Mundane and
Ecclesiastical times, yet do not fill up all the intervals. But
there is another measure of time, more recently discovered by
me, which I term the Trinal Fraction, that will be found
applicable to nearly every important era, and yet is sufficiently
distinguished from promiscuous or common numbers, by char
acters of exact mathematical science, to stamp upon the great
periods which it measures, the indelible inscriptions of the
superintending intelligence and power of the Almighty. And
as the Trinal fraction is the standard of the life of Adam, of
the intervals, from Creation to the birth of Arphaxad and of
Christ himself, and also from Creation to his first appearance
in the Temple at the age of 1 2, and is thus clearly established
as one of the great measures of Mundane time, I shall here
give a passage from the Preface to the Second edition of my

0 THE SEASON OF THE END, AND
Fulness of the Times, showing the manner in which this
fraction was discovered by me, and what it is : —
" About six weeks after the publication of the last of these
" Works,* my attention was arrested by observing the fre-
" quent occurrence in the Chronology of periods measured
" by the number 31, whether of Cycles of 19, or years. In
" endeavouring to discover the reason of this, I found 31 to
" be the quotient of 155 -f- 5 or equal to the fraction
5 + 52 -f- 53
"  5  . This fraction I shall, to save circumlocu-
" tion, call the Trinal fraction of 5, or other numbers, as
" being the sum of the root, and the second and third powers
" of the number as the Numerator, and the root as the
"Denominator. Now, as I had in the Supplementary
" Dissertation of this Work," (viz. the Fulness of the Times,)
" pp. 64 — 66, and 82, already proved, that 5 as the multiple
" of the Metonic Cycle, is the root of the whole times of the
" kingdom of Israel, whereof there is further proof in my
" Septuagint and Hebrew Chronologies Tried, in the second
" chapter of which the whole duration of the World, from
" Creation to 1838, is proved to be 77 multiples of the Me-
" tonic Cycle, multiplied by 5 = 385, I was led, therefore, by
" the discovery of 31, as being the Trinal fraction of 5, to
" make further computations, and next found that 31 X 30
" = 930, is the measure of the life of Adam, and that 31
" X 236 = 7316, is the whole Chronology of the World
" from the 1st of Nisan, b. c. 5478, when Adam came from
"the creating hand of God, to the 1st of Nisan, or 16th
" March, 1839."
" In drawing to a conclusion, I proceed to mention certain
" other results, containing in them evidence of the deep science
" manifested in the arrangement of the times of the world, and
" also demonstrating the exact truth of the chronology of this
" Work, and that it is the very scheme of the original Hebrew
" Scriptures, stamped with characters of wisdom inimitable by
Viz. my Septuagint and Hebrew Chronologies Tried, and on the Great
Periods of the year 1838.

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840. 7
" human contrivance. By turning to page 57 of the first part
" of this volume,* the reader will see, that, from the Crea-
" tion, b. c. 5478, to the dedication of the Temple, b. c. 1019,
" the interval is 13 Weeks of the Jubilee, or Cubes of 7, or
" 4459 years. Now, this period is the product of the following
" fractions : —
2 + 2* + 2» 2 + 2' + 23 2 + 2° + 23 3 + 3' + 3°
2 X 2 X 2 X 3
" that is, the cube of the trinal fraction of 2 multiplied by the
" trinal fraction of 3, these numbers being the first above
" unity. " In the next place it is apparent, that the first series of
" arithmetical progression, after the natural one of 1, 2, 3, 4,
" &c, is the following : —
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11.
" We have here six terms (being the multiple of the first
" two numbers above unity, or 2 x 3). We have also 5
" steps, or intervals, or 2 + 3, and 6 + 5 = 11, is the ex-
" treme term. Now 5, as the multiple of the Metonic Cycle,
" is shown in the Supplementary Dissertation of this Work,
" as has been mentioned in a former page, to be the measure
" of the whole times of the kingdom of Israel, as it is also
" of the times of the World to the present year, 7316.J
" The number 11, the extreme term of the foregoing series,
" is likewise one of perpetual occurrence in the Scriptural
" times, as the multiple of the Jubilee and Metonic Cycle.
" In Table VII. of this Work, p. 177, there is a remarkable
" exemplification of this, for it will be there seen, that from
" Noah's egression from the Ark to the 21st year complete of
" Christ, there are exactly 11x6 = 66 Jubilees, and thence
" 1 1 X 2 = 22 Jubilees to the taking of Nice, the capital of
"the kingdom of Roum, by the crusaders in 1097, the 2d
" year of the first crusade. Moreover, each period of 11 Ju-
" bilees, in this series is marked as an important era.
* The Fulness of the Times. t Answering to 1838.

8 THE SEASON OF THE END, AND
"I shall now call the attention of the reader to the re-
" markable results which are obtained from the foregoing
" series of arithmetical progression : —
" If to the extreme term . . . . 11
" We add its Square , . . . 121
" And its Cube . . . . " . 1331
" The sum is .... . 1463
" In the next place, multiplying this sum by the number of
" intervals 5, its product is 7315, which, as I have shown in
" this Work, and more largely in the 2d chapter of my ' Sep-
" tuagint and Hebrew Chronologies Tried,' is the sum of
" years from Creation, b. c. 5478, to the year of the World
" 7316, or a. c. 1838, in the last month of which we are when
" this is written. Moreover, 1463 is the week of the Metonic
" cycle 133 multiplied by 11.
" The same result is obtained as follows : —
ii + iis + ii3

n

133 X 11 X 5 = 55 = 7315.

" The trinal fraction of 1 1 in years, is therefore the week
" of the Metonic Cycle, and being multiplied by the extreme
" term, and the number of the intervals, or 1 1 X 5 = 55, it
" produces the whole sum of Mundane time from Creation to
" the year 1838.
" If the reader of my ' Septuagint and Hebrew Chronolo-
" gies Tried,' after having weighed what is there offered as to
" the mysterious fulness of the Chronology of 1838, shall turn
" his attention to the results now placed before him, which
"when that Work was published, were entirely unknown to
" me, he will I think feel, that such a combination of extra-
" ordinary characters as those which mark the point of time
" where we now stand, affords to us evidence of the most
" overwhelming nature, that this arrangement of the ages of
" the world is the work of the Creator of all worlds; and fur-
" ther, that we have arrived at the fulness of some great age

scientific times of the year 1840. 9
" in his dispensations of universal government. In confirma-
" tion of this conclusion, I shall next state, that by carrying
" on the above series of arithmetical progression one step fur-
" ther, the result obtained is 14,274 years, which is neither a
" period, of Metonic Cycles, nor divisible by 7, without a re-
" mainder, or by 12 ; and that number leads us to the year of
" Christ 8797."*
I shall next observe, that the trinal fractions possess peculiar
properties. The whole chain arranges itself into double
series oi fives, the unit number of each fraction being invari
ably one of the three, 1, 3, or 7, occurring twice in each se
ries of Ten or Decad ; and in each series of Five or Pen
tad, being found in the same order, viz., 3, 7, 3, 1, 1. In
ascending, the ratio in each step is twice the root of the higher
fraction. Thus the fraction ofl =3 + 2x2 = 4, makes
7, the trinal fraction of 2. In like manner the trinal fraction of
999 = 999,001 + 1000 x 2 = 2000, is the trinal fraction
of 1000 = 1,001,001. It will be found also that the trinal
fraction of each number is the Poet, plus the Square, plus 1 .
Thus the root 2 + 22 = 6 + 1 = 7, the fraction of 2.
These fractions, with their roots, being placed in a Series
of Pentads and Decads, it will be found that the sums of
the Roots of each first Pentad are divisible by 5, and of the
second Pentad by 10, and the sums of the Roots form a
series of Arithmetical Progression, of which the common dif
ference is 5s = 25 in each Pentad. The series is therefore
15, 40, 65, 90, &c.
«. The sum of the Fractions of each Pentad is divisible by
52 = 25, and therefore of each Decad by 50, and of each two
Decads by 100.
The sums of the Fractions of each Pentad also form a
Series of Progression : that of the first Pentad is 15 (being
* For, if we put down 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, then we have 6 intervals, and the
extreme term 13.

13+ 13* + 133

Now, " = 183 X 13 X 6 = 78 = 14,274, and the era
13
of Creation, B. c. 5478 + A. c. 8797 = 14,274 years.
B

10

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

the sum of the Roots) X 5 = 75 : the sum of the second is
375 ; but the difference continually increases in the ratio of
52 x 10 = 250 in each Pentad. The series is therefore 75,
375, 925, 1725, &c.
It thus appears that the number 5 is the common Root of
the sums of these fractions, as well as of the series of Pro
gression which arises out of them, — and this circumstance ap
pears to account for the fact already brought to light in my
former writings, though I was not then able to explain it, that
5, as the multiple of the Metonic Cycle, is the root of the
whole Chronology of the kingdom of Israel.
Having stated these things, I shall now, in confirmation of
them, place before the reader a Table of the Trinal fractions
from 1 to 85, and, as the fraction of 85 = 7311 covers the
whole Chronology of the World from its first Sabbatic year,
B. c.5472 to 1840, I do not carry the Table further, for the
fraction of 86 will be found to ascend to 166 years before that
of Creation, and therefore is not applicable to the actual Mun
dane Chronology. It will be seen that this Table includes
17 Pentads of the Trinal fraction.

A TABLE OF THE TRINAL FRACTIONS FROM 1 TO 85, SHOWING
THE SUMS OF THE ROOTS AND FRACTIONS AT EACH PENTAD.

Numbers of the
Decade. Pentads.

Roots.

Sums of the
Roots of each
Pentad.

Trinal
Fractions.

Sums of the
Fractions of
each Pentad.

i. i

i2
345

15

3
7
13
21
31

75

2

6

43

7

57

8
73
9
91
10
40
111
97 fi
SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

11

Numbers of the
Decads. Pentads.
II. 3

III.

IV.

Roots. u 12
13 1415

Sums of the
Roots of each
Pentad.

Trinal
Fractions.
133157 183
211241

4

16

273

17

307

18
343
19
381
20
90
421
5
21
463
22
507
23
553
24
601
25
651
115
6
26
703
27
757
28
813
29
871
30
140
931
7
31
993
32
1057
33
U2S
34
1191
35
1261
*.
165
8
36
1333
37
1407
38
1483
39
1561
40
190
1641
Sums of the
Fractions of
each Pentad.
925
1725
2775
4075
5625
7425
'2 THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

Numbers of the
Decade. Peutada.

Roots.

Sums of the
Roots of
each Pentad.

Trinal
Fractions.

Sums of the
Fractions of
each Pentad.

V. 9

41 42
434445

215

1723 1807
1893 1981
2071

9475

10

46

2163

47

2257

48
2353
49
2451
50
240
2551
11,775
VI. 11
5152 53
54
55
265
2653
2757 2863
2971 3081
14,325
12
56
3193
57
3307
58
3423
59
3541
60
290
3661
17,125
VII. 13
61
62 6364 65
315
3783
3907 4033
4161 4291
20,175
,
14
66
67 68 69
70
34,0
442345574693 48314971
OM 4.7 K
SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840. 13

Numbers of the
Decads. Pentads.

Roots.

Sums of the
Roots of
each Pentad.

Trinal
Fractions.

Sums of the
Fractions of
each Pentad.

VIII.

15

71
7273 74
75

365

5113
5257 5403 5551
5701

27,025

16
7677 787980
390
5853
6007 6163
63216481
30,825
IX.
17
8182
83 84 85
4.15
6643 6807
6973 7141 7311
34.875
I shall now offer some remarks with respect to the applica
tion of these fractions to the Chronology. It is not to be
maintained that all the periods measured by them are equally
perfect. They, in fact, exhibit various degrees of perfection.
1. The most perfect are those great periods which are mea
sured by single fractions. 2. The next in perfection are
periods measured by multiples of the same fractions, each, or
many, of the intermediate steps arriving at important eras, or
by several large fractions, each of which also arrives at im
portant dates. 3. Those which may be termed imperfbct
consist of large fractions, arriving near the end of a period,
which is made out by adding smaller fractions. I shall give
some examples of each of these classes : —
1st. The great period from the call of Abraham and his ar
rival in the promised land, b. c. 2070, to the year 1838, when
ground was purchased on Mount Zion by the London Jewish
Society for the erection of a Protestant church ; and the ser
vice of the Church of England in the Hebrew tongue, was
14 THE SEASON OF THE END, AND
established in a congregation of Christian Israelites, at Jeru
salem, is measured by the Trinal fraction of 62 = 3907 ; and
as the next fraction above it consists of 4033 years, and does
not expire till the year 1964, it will be at once seen that this
period is most perfect. As there are some, however, who
may be inclined to smile, at the event which takes place at the
end of it, being viewed as one of great importance, I shall
add, that from the purchase of land by Abraham to bury
Sarah, b. c. 2008 to 1838, is the astronomical Cycle of 3845
years, at the end of which the Moon is behind the Sun only
8 h., 13 M., 19 s., 48 th  Also that from the purchase of a
parcel of a field by Jacob in Shechem, thereon to erect the
altar which he called El-Elohe-Israel, b. c. 1887, to 1838,
is the most perfect period of 3724 years, uniting in itself the
Jubilee and Metonic Cycle, being either 76 Jubilees, or 196
Cycles of 19  Again, that from the beginning of the Divi
sion of the land of Canaan by Joshua, the son of Nun, b. c
1593, to 1838, is the most perfect period of 3430 years, being
either 70 Jubilees, or the Trinal fraction of 18 = 343 x 10.
— Lastly, that from the proclamation of Cyrus and the return
from Babylon, b. c. 536, to 1838, are 7 x 339 = 2373 years,
which divides itself by the fractions 241+91 + 7 = 339,
into three periods: 1st, 1687 years ending in a. c 1152, the
accession of the Emperor Frederic Barbarossa, a great era,
being 19 X 12 x 29 =1348 from the Fall, and 300 Cycles
of 19 from the last year of Adam, b. c. 4549 ;— 2d, Of 637
years =13 Jubilees, ending at the French Revolution, 1789;
— 3d, Of 1 Jubilee ending in 1838. Moreover, let it be
observed, that with respect to the event itself, the purchase
of land on Mount Zion, it is to be viewed as the earnest to
the church of God, of the speedy accomplishment of God's
promise to restore his people Israel, and is in itself no less
important than the two former purchases recorded in the Book
of Genesis.
From the dedication of the Temple by Solomon, b. c.
1019, to the beginning of the Reformation in England, 1533,
is the fraction of 50 = 2551 : also from the discomfiture of

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840. 15
Sennacherib, b. c 712, to the present year 1840, is the same
fraction ; and as the next higher fraction, does not expire till
the year 1942, it will be at once seen that this period pos
sesses the highest degree of perfection.
From the death, resurrection, and ascension of our Lord in
33 to 1840, is the single fraction of 1807, and the next frac
tion, 1893, does not expire till the year 1926.
2d. The following are examples of the second class of
periods measured by the Trinal fraction : —
The "great period from Creation to 1840, measured by 9
multiples of 813, possesses the highest degree of perfection;
since, from the largeness of its component parts, it cannot
again come round till 1840 + 813, being the year 2653;
and although the eras it touches in its subdivisions are not
recorded as great dates in History, they are all marked by
their connexion with great Mundane eras by scientific periods.
One of the most remarkable periods of the following Table
is that from the birth of Seth, b. c 5249 to 1840, being 7088
years, consisting of a series of fractions, which are distin
guished by their astronomical characters, viz. first, 4693, which
is equal to 247 Metonic Cycles, or the square of that Cycle
multiplied by 13. Secondly, Of 1191 + 553 + 651, which
are equal to 2395 years, one of. the most perfect Cycles, the
Moon at the end of it being before the Sun only 24 m., 29 s.,
54 th. Now, applying these fractions to the Chronology
of this great period, and computing from the birth of Seth
4693 years, we are brought to a point of time, which is from
Noah's egression from the Ark 140 Cycles of 19, or 20 weeks
of that Cycle, or 2660 years, being the date of the defeat by
Cyrus, and death in battle of Neriglissar of Babylon, b . c . 556
The fraction 553 terminates at the birth of Christ, 3
The fraction 1191 ends at the accession of Richard
Cceur de Lion and his embarking for Palestine with
the Emperor Frederic Barbarossa and Philip II.
of France, on the third crusade, . . a. c. 1189
The fraction 65 1 ends in 1 840
Next reversing the order of calculation, if we

16 THE SEASON OF THE END, AND
compute from the birth of Seth, the fractions 1191
+ 651 + 553 = 2395 years, we are brought to 1
Square of 19 = 361 years, from the birth of Ar
phaxad, and the period ends, . . B. c. 2854
Whence the fraction, 4693, ends in . 1840
But I remark, in the next place, that from the
above date, . . . . b.c. 2854
Reckoning another fraction, viz. that of 53 = 2863
= 7 X 409, it ends at Christ's first appearance at
the Temple, when he was 12 years of age, a.c. 10
Whence the fraction 183 X 10 = 1830, terminates in 1840
Now, no one who investigates and understands these com
putations, can fail to perceive, that they exhibit to us evidences
of a depth of science, in the arrangement of the Chronology,
which transcends the limits of created wisdom.
3d. Of the imperfect series of fractions occurring in the
Chronology, and included in the following Table of great
periods, I shall here offer but one example : — We have from
the birth of Jared, B.C. 4519, to the beginning of the last
great War of the French Revolution, 1803, the fraction of
79 = 6321 = 129 Jubilees, or the Jubilee multiplied by the
fraction 43 X 3. This period is most perfect. But in order
to bring it down to 1840, we must add the fractions 13 +
21+3, terminating in 1816, 1837, and 1840. Now, differ
ent arrangements of the smaller fractions computed from
1803, bring out other years. Thus 21X2, brings out 1845,
a great Chronological era, and 43 + 21 brings out the year
1867, the end of Daniel's 1335 years. This being the case,
the whole period connecting 1840 with the birth of Jared, is
less perfect than if it had been measured only by multiples of
larger fractions. But let it be observed, that there is another
more perfect series filling up the same period, and consisting
of the fraction 211 X 30 = 6330, terminating in the great
era of 1812, whence only two smaller fractions, viz. 21 + 7,
terminate in 1833 and 1840. There is a third series, even
more perfect, composed of the fraction 111 X by the fraction
57 = 6327 = 333 Cycles of 19, and terminating in 1809,

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840. 17
whence the one fraction of 31 ends in 1840; so that by these
various series, though no one of them in itself is of the first
order of perfection, the year 1840 is connected with the date
of the birth of Jared, by complex chains of scientific time.
I shall add one remark of a general nature, in the form of
a question to the followers of Usher. If this Chronology be
an invention of created wisdom, as they affirm, yea of a frau
dulent corruption of the original Hebrew verity, which they
forsooth adhere to, while we are corrupters, how comes it to
pass that it possesses, besides its general harmony of complex
science, certain inimitable characters of deep contrivance, pf
which I shall now give one or two examples ? —
First, the events of most stupendous moment, are those of
which the Chronology is measured, by series of time the most
perfect in structure, while generally the periods of interme
diate and less striking events, are those which are filled up
by series less perfect. I shall exemplify this remark, by a
reference to the periods, from Creation, from the Fall, from
the translation of Enoch, the birth of Arphaxad, the destruc
tion of Sodom, the rearing of the Tabernacle, and sin of the
spies, from the birth of Christ, and his death, resurrection,
and ascension, to 1840, and various others, which are all
measured by series in the highest degree perfect, as will be
seen by a reference to the Table.
Secondly, It will be observed that events of kindred nature
and character are, by a contrivance exceeding all those of
created wisdom, linked together in the Chronology. The
translation of Elijah, b. c. 910, is linked with that of Enoch
by the perfect Cycle of 3082 years, the Moon fast 13 m., 46
s., 13 th. The release of Jehoiachin from prison in Babylon,
and his exaltation above the other captive kings in Babylon,
b. c. 562, (according to the Jewish Sacred year,) is from the
translation of Enoch, b.c. 3992, precisely 70 Jubilees, or 10
Cubes of 7 ; and again, the proclamation of Cyrus and be
ginning of the return from Babylon, is from the translation
of Enoch 2 Cubes of 12 = 3456 years; as it is from that of
Elijah, the fractions 343 + 31 = 374 years. Such examples

18 THE SEASON OF THE END, AND
might be multiplied ; and I surely need not here point out
to the reader, the reality and the beauty of the deep analogies,
between the translation of Enoch, and the release of Jehoia-
chin, and return from Babylon.
There are yet some facts illustrative of the scientific char
acter of the Trinal fraction, which require to be mentioned.
In the series of 85 fractions given in the foregoing Table, no
less than 9 are multiples of the Lunar Cycle of 19, viz. the
fractions 57, 133, 703, 931, 2071, 2451, 4161, 4693, and
6973; and of these, 133 is the Week of 19, 931 the Jubilee,
or 7 Weeks of 19, and 4693 is 13 Squares of 19. Moreover,
the fraction 2653, besides being 379 Weeks of years, is a
Cycle in Astronomy, the Moon at the end of it before the
Sun 9 h., 37 m., 33 s., 1 1 th. ; the fraction 5257 is also
a Cycle, the Moon at the end of it slow 12 h., 42 m.,
58 s., 20 th. Again, the perfect Cycle of 2395 years, the
Moon at the end of it fast 24 m., 29 s., 54 th., is com
posed of the three fractions, 1191 + 651 + 553. The Pro
phetic period of 2300 years, also a Cycle in Astronomy, con
sists of two fractions, 2257 + 43; and the 1260 years, (being
likewise a Cycle,) is formed by the fraction, 133 + the square
of the fraction 7 = 49, or the Jubilee, multiplied by 23, being
the sum of the three first fractions, 3 + 7 + 13.
There are, besides the three already mentioned, no less than
20 of these fractions divisible by 7 ; viz. 7, 21, 91, 273, 343,
553, 651, 1057, 1407, 1561, 1981, 2163, 2863, 3423, 3661,
4291, 4557, 5551, 6321, and 6643, whereof 2 are also Jubilean
periods or squares of 7, viz. 4557 = 93, and 6321' = 129
Jubilees, and 1, viz. 343 = 7 Jubilees, or the Cube of 7. I
shall, lastly, observe that the number of complete diurnal
revolutions of the earth round its axis, or days in the Solar
year, 365, is the fraction 73 x 5.
It appears from these facts, that the Lunar periods of our
planet, as well as the Solar year, and the sacred seasons of
the Scriptures, have been ordained, with a close relation to
the Trinal fraction.

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

19

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS TO THE FOLLOWING TABLE OF GREAT
PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840.
The term fraction, in this Table, always means trinal
fraction. It has not been judged necessary by me to give the
roots of the fractions, as the reader will at once find them by
a reference to the former Table of Trinal fractions.
Where any sum of years is a compound number, consisting
of a fraction multiplied by numbers which are not fractions,
the multiplicand, which is placed first in order, followed
by x the sign of multiplication, is always a fraction ; and
whether the multiplier be a fraction or not, will easily be
found by a reference to the former Table. It will be at once
seen, that one fraction multiplied by another, forms a most per
fect number, an exemplification of which will be found in the
period from Creation to 1840, which is the fraction 813 mul
tiplied by the square of the fraction 3.

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,
OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7317. COMPUTED AS ENDING
IN THE 30th ADAR, MARCH 23d, 1841.
, Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.

Events.

Dates. Years B. C.

Length
of eaeli
period
tu 1810.

1. The Creation of^
Adam on Friday the y 5478
1st of Nisan.* j

* My reasons for this date, and the •
my Synopsis of Chronology, pp. 58 — CO.

Being the fraction 813, multiplied
by the Square of the fraction 3 ; and
as to the peculiar character of this
number, see Sect. II. of this Tract.
Theirs* 813 ends in B.C. 4665, be
ing from the birth of Seth the fraction
73 X 8 = S84 years, from that of
Cainan 7 X 3s = 27 = 189, and from
that of Mahalaleel, B.C. 4684, the
Cycle of 19 years. From this date to
A. c. 1834, the last Septenary of the
7317 Jubilee of the 7th Apocalyptic Trum
pet, which began in 1792, are 18
Squares of 19 = 342 Cycles = 6498
years, which is also a perfect Cycle, at
the end of which the Moon is fast 1 ii.,
24 M., 13S., 23 TH.
The second 813 ends B. 0. 3852, be
ing 140 years, or 70 X 2 after the
translation of Enoch, B. c. 3992. Also
from the 1st of Nisan, after the birth of
entific evidence ill support of it, will be found in

20

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Dates. Length
Years .-¦ of each
B. C. period
to 1340.

Adam created,

5478

7317

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
. showing their connexion with
other great eras.
Lamech, B. c. 4004, 8 Cycles of 19.
Hence to the death of Lamech are
600 years ; to the birth of Arphaxad,
B. C. 3215, are 13 Jubilees ; to the 1st
Passover after the Ark was placed on
Mount Zion, B. c. 1059, are 147 or 49
X 3 Cycles of 1 9, being either 3 Jubi
lees of Cycles, or 3 Cycles of Jubilees,
a most perfect number ; to the sound
ing of the 7th Trumpet and end of
Daniel's 2300 and 1260 years, 1792,
are 297 Cycles of 19, or 15 Squares of
19 and 12 Cycles; and finally to 1 833,
when Palestine was ceded to Egypt,
and the first Parliament met under the
new Constitution, are 116 Jubilees =
5684 years.
The third 813 terminates in B. c.
3039, whence, to the birth of Peleg, is
the Cycle of 353 years, the Moon slow
1 H., 7 M., 24 8., 38 TH. ; to the call of
Abraham, B. c. 2070, are 51 Cycles of
19; to the birth of Ishmael, B. c.
2059, are 20 Jubilees, = 980 years ;
to the Exodus, 1400 years, or 70 X
20 ; to the entrance into Canaan 12%
= 144 X 10 ; to the accession of So
lomon, B. c. 1030, are 2009 years or
41 Jubilees ; and to the death of He
rod, and return of Joseph and Mary
with the infant Jesus from Egypt, B. c.
1 , are 62 Jubilees, or the Jubilee X
the fraction 31 X 2.
The fourth 813 in B. c. 2226 from
the 1st of Nisan, after the birth of
Arphaxad, B. c. 3214, 19 X 13X4
=: 52 ; from the birth of Peleg the
first three trinal fractions 3-1-7 + 13
= 23 X 20 = 460 years. From the
death of Eber, B. C. 2416, 19 X 10 =
190 years. Hence to the birth of Ju
dah, B. c. 1903, are 17 Cycles of 19 ;
to the birth of Christ 117 Cycles of 19,
and to the end of Daniel's 1290 years
in 1822, are 213 Cycles, being 71 X3.
Finally, to 1840 are 3120 + 945, a
Cycle, the Moon fast 5 H., 7 M., 54 s.,
39 th., and to 1841, are 214 Cycles
of 19.
The fifth 813, in B. c. 1413, from
the last year before the Flood 5
Squares of 19 = 1805 years. From
Jacob's return from Padan-aram, B. c.

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

21

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Date?.Years B.C.

Length of each
period
to 1840.

Adam created,

5478

7317

3 X 10 = 30 ends at the death of
Adam, on 14th Nisan,* B. c. 4548
Hence 4557, which is a most
perfect number, being itself the
trinal fraction of 67, also the frac
tion 31 X 147, also 93 Jubilees,
ends when Christ, at 12 years of
age, appeared in the Temple, A. c. 10
From A. c. 10 the fraction 183
X 10 = 1830 ends in . 1840
Being 73 centuries, or the fraction 73
X 100 ; also 365 X 20, or 20 years of
years, a period of stupendous perfec
tion, which also measures from Crea
tion to 1 823, being the year after the
termination of Daniel's 1290 years;
* For the reasons of this date being 14 davs later than I formerly reckoned, see below,
Sect. II.

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion, with
other great eras.
1888, 475 years, or 19 X 25. Hence,
to the taking of Jerusalem by David,
are 70 X 5 = 350 years ; to David's
placing the Ark on Mount Zion, the
Cycle of 353 years ; to the last year of
our Lord's Ministry 32, are 4 Squares
of 19 = 1444 years, and to the year
1837 are 9 Squares, = 3249 years.
The sixth 813, in B. C 600, from the
birth of Arphaxad 2300 + 315, which
form a Cycle, the Moon fast 13 H.,
45 M., 44 s., 21 TH. From the ap
pearance of God to Moses at the bush,
B c. 1640, the perfect Cycle of 1040
years ; from the death of Moses 1000
years. Hence, to the Transfiguration,
AC. 31, is the Cycle of 630 years, the
Moon fast 6 H., 1 M., 33 s., 4 th., and
to 1833 are 128 Cycles of 19, a per
fect Series of Geometrical Progression.
The seventh 813, in A. C. 214, from
the birth of Shem, 72 Jubilees, or 6
twelves, = 3528 years. From the De
luge, 70 Jubilees. Hence to 1831, are
33 Jubilees, and in that year the Re
form Bill was brought in, and the army
of Egypt entered Palestine.
The eighth 813 ends in 1027, being
21 Jubilees from the birth of Christ ;
whence, to 1811, the last of the un
broken power of Napoleon, are 16 Ju
bilees. the ninth 813 in 1840.
2dly, This great period divides itself
also as follows: — The fraction 31 X

22

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Dates.Years B. C.

Length
of each
period
to 1840.

2. The Fall of Adam,— "]
his expulsion from
the Garden of Eden
after the first pro
mise of Christ. The
first manifestation of
God between the
Cherubim,

5461

7300

3. The birth of Seth, 5249

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
and reckoned from Creation, it divides
itself into 15 years of years to the
Nativity of Christ, and thence to 1823,
5 years of years.
This great period also consists of va
rious series of fractions.
The fraction 651, from the Fall,
ends at a point of time which is, from
Creation, the perfect Cycle of 334 X
2 = 668, the Moon fast 1 H., 53 m.,
21 S., 54 TH. . . B. C. 4810
The fraction 993 at the birth of
Noah  3817
The fraction 2757, at the date
] of David placing the Ark on
Mount Zion, the type of Christ
taking possession of his kingdom,
and a great Era, . . 1060
The fraction 1057, at the birth
of Christ, .... 3
The fraction 1191, at the ac
cession of Richard Coaur de Lion,
and his sailing with the Emperor
Frederic and Philip of France
on the third Crusade, . 1189
The fraction 651, in . 1840
Or the fraction 241 X 3 X 10
= 30 = 7230 terminates in 1770
13 at the peace of . 1783
57 1840
The foregoing series of 241 touches
some great dates, viz. a. c. 324, the
era of Constantine, 665 the death of
Justinian. 1529 the era of the Pro
test and the name of Protestants
assumed by the Lutherans.
Consisting of various Series of Frac
tions :—
6973 ending . a. c. 1725
91, The 1st Year of Ge
neral Peace after the great war of
the French Revolution, . 1816
21 The accession of Victoria, 1837
3 . . . . 1840
Or 4693 = 193 X 13 ends at
the overthrow of Neriglissar, and
7088 ¦{ his death in battle by Cyrus, 556
553 at the birth of Christ, 3
1191 at the third Crusade, 1189
651 . :  ._ 1840
Or thef. 211 X 3 X 11 =33
ends at the Rebellion of . 1715

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

23

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Events.

Dates. Years B.C.

Length of each
period
to 1840.

4. The birth of Enos, 5044

5. The birth of Cainan, 4854 6693 •

6. The birth of Maha-
, laleel,

4684

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
91 At the resignation of the
Imperial titles of Rome and Ger
many by Austria, and the fall of
Prussia, .... 1806
31 at Victoria, . . 1837
3 ... 1840

Consisting of the following series of
fractions : —
6807 ending when the plan of tax
ing the American Colonies was first
entertained, and mentioned in Parlia
ment by Mr. Grenville, . A. c. 1764
73 Accession of Victoria, 1837
3 . . . 1840
Or 1641 X 4 = 6564, ends when
Luther appeared before the Diet of
6883 -j Worms, . . . a. c. 1521
273 . . . . 1794
43 + 3 in 1837 and 1840
Or 21 1 X 30 z= 6330, ends in
A. C. 1287
553, .... 1840
Or 507 X 10 = 5070, ends at
beginning of the preaching of John
Baptist, . . . a. c. 27
72 X 37 = 37 Jubilees = 1813
years, ..... 1840
Composed of the fractions : —
6643, ending . a. u. 1790
43, . . 1833
7, . . 1840
Or 1641 X 2 = 3282, ending
at 1st Servitude under Cushan-
Rishathaim, . . B. c. 1572
1641, ends at taking of Je
rusalem by Titus, . . a. c. 70
993, at the Reign of Alp
Arslan, the second founder of the
Seljuks, . . . 1063
111 X 7 = 777 in 1840

Being the fraction 6481, ending A.C. 1798
21, 1819
21, 1840
Or, 21 1 X SO = 6330, ends in
the year when Charles I. was de
livered up by the Scots, to the
English Parliament, . a. <-. 1647
183 .... 1830
7 + 3 in 1837 and . 1840

6523-

24

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Dates.
Events. Years B.C.

Length of each
period
to 1840.

7. The birth of Jared, 4519

6358

8. The birth of Enoch, f
from Creation 59 V 4357
Cycles of 19, )

6196 <

9. The death of Seth, -
from Adam's 2d year j
60 Cycles of 19, ]

4337

6176

10. Methuselah born, 4192 6031

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
Consisting of the fractions
6321, Ending at last great War
of the French Revolution, . 1803
13, 1st Year of peace, . 1816
21, Victoria reigns, . 1837
3, .... 1840
Or, 211 X 30 = 6330, ends at
the first overthrow of Napoleon, 1812
21, . . . . 1833
7, . . . . 1840
Or, 19 X the fractions 111X3
= 333 = 6327, ends in . 1809
31, ... . 1840
Composed of the Fractions
6163, ending at the peace of Tilsit,
when Napoleon reigned over Europe,
and England was at War with Europe, 1807
- 7, At the first dethronement of
Napoleon, . . . 1814
13, The dissolution of the Tory
War Ministry of England, and
death of the Duke of York and
Mr. Canning, — the recognition of
Greece as independent, by a treaty
between England, France, and
Russia, — the battle of Navarino, 1827
13  1840
Being the fraction 6163, end
ing in 1827
13, . 1840
Or, 1483 X 4 = 5932, ends
144 Jubilees := 7056 years from
the Fall, and from the Exodus, 3
Cycles of 1078 = 66 Jubilees. In
this year Cadiz was taken and
sacked by the forces of Elizabeth,
and Philip II. having afterwards
sent out a fleet with troops to in
vade England, it was scattered by
a storm, .... 1596
241, at Victoria, . 1837
3, . . . . 1840
Composed of the fractions
6007, ending at the General
Peace, . 1816
21, at Victoria, . 1837
3, . . . . 1840
Or, 993 X 6 = 5958, ending
at the Bill for duties on the Colo
nies,  1767
73,  1840

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

23

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Events.

Dates. Years B. C.

Length
of each
period
to 1840.

11. The death of Enos,' 4139 5978

1-2. The birth of
mech,

La-

4005

5844

13. Enoch translated, 3992 5831

1 4. The death of Jared, 3557

5396

15. The birth of Japhet, 3317 5156

16. The birth of Shem, 3315

5154 <|
D

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
Being 122 Jubilees. Hence to the
release of Jehoiachin is the Square of
the fraction 7 = 49, or the Jubilee,
multiplied by the fraction 73, and
thence to 1840, 49 Jubilees or the bi-
_ quadrate of 7. .
Consisting of the fractions
5701, ending at the battle of Zenta
and passing away of the second Woe,
Rev. xi. . . . a. c. 1697
133, .... 1830
7 + 3 in 1837 and . . 1840
Or, 2071 = 109 Cycles of 19,
ending at a point of time whence,
to David's placing the Ark of God
on Mount Zion, B. c. 1060, are 46
Cycles of 19 = 874 years, and to
the end of Daniel's 1335 years,
A. c. 1867, are 200 Cycles of 19,
B. c. 1934
871, at the taking of Jerusalem
by David, . . 1063
1641, . . . . il.c. 579
1261, .... 1840
Being 17 Weeks of the Jubilee, or
119. Hence to the release of Je
hoiachin are 70 Jubilees, and to the
proclamation of Cyrus and return from
Babylon, are 2 Cubes of 12 = 3456
years. Being 284 Cycles of 19, or 71 X 4.
| Hence to the birth of Arphaxad are
' 1 8 Cycles.
Being the fraction 5113, ending
at the peace of Campo Formio,
the first pause of the War of the
French Revolution, . . 1797
43,  1840
Or, 241 X 20 = 4820, ending
at the date when Philip of Austria,
father of Charles V., inherited the
kingdom of Castile, . . 1504
111 X 3 = 333, at Victoria, 1837
3,  1840
Consisting of the fractions
4971, ending when, by the treaty
of Welau, Ducal Prussia was de
clared independent, . . 1657
183 in  1840
Or, 111 X 46 =5106, ends at

26

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Events.

Dates. Years B. C.

Length of each
period
to 1840.

17. Noah leaves the ~)
Ark, God's everlast- ^3216
ing Covenant, J

5055

18. The birth of Ar
phaxad,

3215

5054

19. The birth of the)

Second Cainan,

J

3080

4919

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
the fall of the French Monarchy
—the date of the 7th Trumpet, 1792
21, at the Second overthrow
of Napoleon, . 1813
21, .... 1834
3 + 3 in 1837 and . 1840
Consisting of the following fractions :
4423, ending at the proclamation of
the Albigensian Crusade, . 1208
601, at the last overthrow of
Austria by Napoleon at Wagram,
and peace of Schcenbrunn, Well
ington defeats Joseph at Talavera, 1809
31, . . _.  . 1840
Or, 111 X 3* = 9 X 5 = 45
= 4995, ending . . .1780
57, at Victoria, . 1837
3,' .... 1840
Or, 3661, ending at the treaty
of peace between Attila and the
Eastern Empire, . . . 446
931, at the death of Ed
ward III. and accession of Rich
ard II  1377
463, . . . 1840
Being 14 Squares of 19, or 38
Weeks of that Cycle, a period most
perfect. Hence to the death of Moses,
B.C. 1600, is 19 X 85; to Daniel's
vision of the four empires, B. e. 555,
is 19 X 70 X 2 = 140. To the birth
of Christ, B.C. 3, are the fractions 297 1
+ 241, or 73 X 44." Hence to the
Jewish triumph of Vespasian and Titus,
A. c. 71, are 365 X 9, or 9 years of
years, and to the Union of England
and Scotland are 37 Weeks of 19.
Being the fractions
4831, ending . . A. c. 1 752
31, at the general peace in 1783
57, . . 1840
Or, 2071 = 19 X 109, ending
in the 22d year of Solomon, the
acme of his glory, . . B. C. 1 009
2071, at the reign of Alp Ars-
lan over the Seljuks, . A. c. 1063
111 X 7 = 777, in . 1840
Consisting of the following fractions :
421 X 3 X 2 = 6= 2526, ending
at the death of Artaxerxes Longimanus,

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

27

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Dates.
Events. Years B. C.

Length
of each
period
to 1840.

20. The birth of Salah, 2950 4789

Remarks explanatory of the period!, and
showing their connexion with
' other great eras.
and the completion of the Old Testa
ment Canon, . . B. c. 424
Another 421, being the 7th at
the birth of Christ, . . 3
1191, at Richard Cceur de Lion's
accession, and his embarking on
the 3d Crusade, . . 1189
651, .... 1840
Or, 111 X 43 = 4773, ends
149 Jubilees from Creation at
Charles X. of France, . . 1824
13, at Victoria, . .1837
3, ... 1840
[ The fraction 2353 X 2, bisected
[ by the year B. c. 514.
Composed of the fractions
2757, ending at the taking of
Jerusalem by Pompey from Crea-
22. The birth of Eber, 2820 4659 i tion, 15 Squares of 19, B. c. 63
211 X 3' = 9 = 1899, at
Victoria  1837
3  1840

21 . The death of Noah, 2867 4706

23. The death of the ) 062fJ
Second Cainan, J "

4459

X

Being 91 Jubilees, or
+ 2'

+ 2°K 2 +

' 2 + 2' + 2"
2
+ 23\_

3 + 3M- 33

and therefore a

24. The birth of Serug, 2424 4263

25. The death of Eber, 2416 4255

343 X
period mysteriously perfect. This great
era, which may be viewed as the ter
mination of the primitive Postdiluvian
age, is, from the translation of Enoch,
4 weeks of the Jubilee. Hence, to the
Confusion of tongues, is the fraction
111 X 2 = 222 ; to the appearance of
God to Moses at the bush, are 20 Ju
bilees ; and. to the appearance to Isaiah
in the Temple, B.C. 758, are 38 Ju
bilees, = 98 Metonic Cycles, a perfect
period. To the release of Jehoiachin
are 6 Weeks of the Jubilee, and to the
preaching of John the Baptist, a. c. 27,
is 33 = 27X2 = 54 Jubilees.
Being 87 Jubilees.
Consisting of the following fractions :
1407, ending at Solomon's 22d year,
B. c. 1009
2071, at the reign of AlpArs-
lan over the Seljuks, , 1063
111 X 7 = 777 in 1840

28

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

26. Babel founded,

2400

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,
Dates. Length Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
Events. Years of each showing their connexion with
B. C. period other great eras.
to 1840. Or, 463 X 32 = 9 = 4167,
ending ... .1752
31, ... 1783
57  1840
Or, 4161, ending at the defeat
of the Pretender at Culloden, 1 746
91, at Victoria, . 1837
3, . . • • 1840
To the year 1841 from Eber's death
are 32 Weeks of 19, a most perfect
period. Consisting of the following fractions :
1333, ending 4 Weeks of 19,
after the entrance into Canaan,
and in the 4th year of David's
reign in Hebron, . . 1067
4239 .j 2863, at the peace of Campo
Formio, . . . 1797
43, . _.  . . 1840
Or, 111 X 19 X 2 = 38 =
4218, ending . . A. c. 1819
21, . . . . 1840
Being 19 X 223, or 18 twelves of
19 + 1 Week of 1 9. This great era
is from Arphaxad 19 X the fraction
43. Hence to the accession of Solo
mon are 6 twelves =: 72 of 1 9 ; to the
proclamation of Cyrus are 14 Weeks of
4237 • 19 = 38 Jubilees. To the conception
of Christ, B. c. 4, are 1 8 Weeks ; and
to the end of the Jewish War, A. c. 73,
are 19 X 130. Hence also to the
Union between England and Scotland,
1707, are 18 twelves of 19, or 19 mul
tiplied by 1J Square of 12.
Consisting of the following fractions:
703 ends at the first Sabbatic
Year in the promised Land, after
the Conquest and Division, B. c. 1591
343 X 10 = 3430, being 70 Ju
bilees, or 73 X 10, . A. c. 1840
2294 4133 ¦{ Or, 2071, ends at the accession
of Antiochus the Great in Syria, . B. c. 223
1641, the year after the end
of the Council of Constance, 29
Jubilees after birth of Christ, A. c. 1419
421, . . . 1840
Consisting of the following fractions :
4033, ending in the last year of
George III  1819

27. The Confusion off
tongues and begun V 2398
Division of the Earth, }

28. Nahor born,

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

29

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Events.

Dates.
Years B. C.

Lengthof each
period
to 1840.

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with _
other great eras.

21 ... . 1840
Or, 2863, ending during the
29. Terah born, 2215 4054 -j first career of Saracen conquest, A. c. 649
1191, .... 1840
Or, 211 X 19 = 4009, ending A. C 1795
21 X 2 = 42, at Victoria, 1837
3, ." . . 1840
Composed of the following fractions :
3907, ending at the peace of 1763
57, at the 1st of George IV. 1820
13, at the 1st Parliament
called Reformed, . 1833
7, . . . . 1840
30. Abraham born, 2145 3984 •! Or, 111 X 30 = 3330, ending
at the last year of the Christian
Kingdom of Jerusalem, and the
death of Baldwin V. . a: c. 1186
211 X 3 = 633 the last year
of George III. . . 1819
21  1840
Being 207 Cycles of 19. Hence to
the accession of Hezekiah are 12X6
= 72 Cycles. To the Conception of
Christ, B. c. 4, are 110 Cycles ; and to
the Union of England and Scotland
31. Serug dies, 2094 3933 -j 200 Cycles, = 3800 years.
This period also is formed by the
fractions 3907, ending at first dethrone
ment of Napoleon, . . 1814
13 X 2 = 26, . 1840

32. Nahor dies, aged > „.„„
208, 5
33. The call of Abra- ) 2Q70
ham, i

34. The covenant of"]
God with Abraham, I 2_g,
and ratification by f
Sacrifice, Gen. xv. j

3925

The fraction 157 X 5* = 25.

The fraction 3783, ending at the ac
cession of George I. and the House of
Hanover, . . . . 1714
21 X3X2 = 6= 126, in 1840
3909 ^ Also 111 X 7 = 777 X 5 =
3885, ends at the General Peace
of Europe, .... 1816
21, at Victoria, . . 1837
3, .... 1840
Consisting of the following fractions :
3 X 13, the fractions of 1 and 3 =
39 multiplied by 57 + 43 = 100 =
3900. Or, 421, ending at God's appearance
• to Moses in the bush, . B. c. 1640

30

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Events.

Dates.
Years B. C.

Lengthof each
period
to 1640.

35. The birth of Ish-
mael,

2059

3898

3885

36. The Covenant ofl
Circumcision — Isaac ]
conceived, and So- !¦ 2046
dom destroyed, Gen. [
xvii — xix. 28.

37. The birth of Isaac, 2045 3884

38. Birth of Jacob,

1985

3824

39. Death of Abraham, 1 970 3809

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
Ill X 31 ='3441, ending at
the peace of Amiens, . a. c. 1 802
31, at the cession of Palestine
to Egypt, . . 1833
7,  1840
Consisting of the fractions
1641, ending . B. c. 418
2257, . . . a. C. 1840
Or, 111 X 7 = 777 X 5, end
ing in the year of the battle of
Navarino, .... 1827
13, . . . . 1840
111X7 = 777 X 5, and the last
period of 777 .begins at the reign of
Alp Arslan, the second founder of the
Seljukian Turkish Empire, . 1063
The fractions which compose this
number are,
1333, ending at the overthrow
of Sennacherib, . . B. c. 712
2551, .... 1840'
Also 2071, ending at the begin
ning of the preaching of John the
Baptist, . . . A. c. 27
993 + 7 = 1000, ends 21 Ju
bilees from the birth of Christ, 1027
813, .... 1840
The fraction 421 ends at the ad
ministration of Othniel, B. c. 1564
1561, at the birth' of Christ, 3
307 X 6 = 1842, in A. c. 1840
Also 111 X 34 = 3774, ends
in the 2d year of the French Re
volution, .... 1790
43, at the 1 st Parliament called
Reformed, . . 1833
7,  1840
The fraction 3783, ends at the
first dethronement of Napoleon, 1814
13 X 2 = 26, . . 1840
Also 211 X 17 = 8587, ends
at the beginning of the 30 years'
War of Religion in Germany and
the Synod of Dort, . .1618
111 X 2 = 222 in . 1840
The fraction 3661, ends in the
last year of peace between France
and England, before the 7 years'
War, . . . . . 1754
73  1827
13, . 1840

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

31

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Events.

Dates.
Years B. C.

40. Jacob goes to Pad-"!
an-aram, and sees I T Q.
the Vision of the f 19ua
ladder, J

Length of each
period
to 1840.

3747

41. The birth of Reu
ben,

1907

42. The birth of Levi,
and conception
Judah,

"i

1904

3743

43. The birth of Joseph, 1894 3733

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.

475

Or, 1191-X 2 = 2382 years,
ends in the last year of the West
ern Empire of Rome,
1261, ends at the last success
ful War of the Ottomans against
the Christian powers, Russia, and
the Emperor, . . . 1736
73, . . . 1809
31, .... 1840
Or, 211 X 17 =3587, ends in
the year when Louis XIV. seized
Alsace, .... 1680
157, at Victoria, . .1837
3, . . . . 1840

3746

44. The birth of Ben-
, jamin,

1881

3720.

The fraction 31 X 10 = 310
X 12 = 3720, ends . . 1814
13 X 2 = 26, . . 1840
Being 197 Cycles of 19. Hence to
the 2d year of the Exodus, and rearing
of the Tabernacle, and sin of the spies,
B. c. 1638, are 2 Weeks of 19 ; to the
accession of Solomon, B. c. 1030, are
46 Cycles ; to the proclamation of
Cyrus 12 X 6 = 72 Cycles; to the
conception of Christ, B. c. 4, are 100
Cycles; to the Union, 1707, are 190
Cycles or 10 Squares of 19.
Consisting of the fraction 31 X 10
= 310 X 12 = 3720, ending in the
year when the Political system of
Great Britain began to be broken up
by the death of the Duke of York, the
paralysis of Lord Liverpool, and death
of Canning ; also the date of the battle
of Navarino, and the treaty for the in
dependence of Greece between Eng
land, France, and Russia, . 1827
13, the fraction of 3, ends 1840
.As Benjamin was the last of Jacob's
sons, and completed his family, the 1 2
Tribes of Israel, the types of the Mys
tical Israel, his birth is a great era,
and the year 1840 being connected with
it by the fraction 31 X 120, which is
exactly 5 + 5* + 53 = 155 X 12 X 2
= 24, this circumstance shows that
we are now arrived at a great era of
the Church of God. The last period
of 155 begins at the accession of James
II. and Revocation of the Edict of
Nantz, 1685, a memorable era.

32

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Events.

Dates.
Years B. C.

Lengthof each
period
to 1840.

45. The death of Isaac, 1865 3704

46. Jacob and his fa- '
mily are settled in
Goshen, '

1854

3693

47. The death of Jacob, 1838

48. The death of
Joseph,

I 1784

49. The birth of Moses, 1 720 3559 i

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
Consisting of the fractions
3661, ending at the peace of
Campo Formio, . . . 1797
43, ... . 1840
Or, 111 X 33 = 3663, ending
at the Consular power of Napo
leon,  1799
31, at the dethronement
of Charles X., and accession of
William III. . . . 1830
7 + 3 in 1837 and . 1840
(" A Cycle composed of that of 2300
+ 1040 + 353, the Moon at the end
of it fast, 8H., 19M., 24s., 52TH.
Hence to the first Vision of Ezekiel,
when he saw God coming between the
Cherubim, B. c. 594, are 1260 years,
a Cycle, the Moon fast 12 H., 3M., 6 s.,
8 TH. , and in the same year Seraiah
read the Prophecy of Jeremiah against
Babylon, and cast it into the Euphrates,
commanded in Jer. Ii. 61 — 64.
Hence also to the accession of Saul to the
throne of Israel, B. c. 11 10, is a Cycli
cal period of 744 years, being 372 X
2, the Moon slow 6H., ,23 M., OS.,
26 TH. Hence to the Union of Eng
land and Scotland are 1260 + 2300
years.
f The fraction 3661 ends . 1824
| 13 + 3 ends in 1837 and 1840
3677 <j Or, 111 X 3 X 1 1 = 33 ends
I in  1826
L 7X2 = 14 . 1840
Consisting of the following fractions :
1191 terminates in the year when
God appeared to Ezekiel the second
time, Chap, viii., and when the glory
of the Lord departed from the Temple,
3623 -j x. 18, 19. xi. 23, viz. . B. c. 593
1561 terminates . . a. u. 969
871, . . . 1840
The two last fractions added from
the period of 2432 years = 128 Me
tonic Cycles.
Consisting of the following fractions : .
Ill X 4~X"4= 16 X 2 = 32 =
3552 years, ending at the cession of
Palestine to Egypt, and the first Par
liament called Reformed, . 1833
7,  1840

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

33

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Dates.
Years B.C.

Length of each
period
to 1810.

60. Tho appearance of}
God to Moses at the V 1640
Bush, )

3479

51. The Exodus,

1639

52. The Tabernacle"
reared — the march of
Israel to the frontiers
of the promised land
—the sin of the Spies
and the people,

3478

1638

53. Death of Miriam—
of Aaron — sin at
Meribah — the bra
zen Serpent — the
conquest of Trans- {¦ 1600
jordanite Palestine
— the Book of Deu
teronomy — Death of
Moses,

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
Being 71 Jubilees ; from the death
of Enos, 51 Jubilees; from the trans
lation of Enoch, 48 Jubilees ; from the
death of the second Cainan, 20 Jubi
lees. Hence to Isaiah's Vision of the
glory of God in the Holy of Holies are
18 Jubilees, and to the end of the im
prisonment of Jeconiah and death of
Nebuchadnezzar, 22 Jubilees, or the
Cycle of 1078 years. To the beginning
of the preaching of John the Baptist,
a.O. 27, are 34 Jubilees ; and to the
accession of Henry II. of England, the
first of the Plantagenets, in 1154, are
57 Jubilees, or 147 Metonic Cycles.
Consisting of the fractions
2071, ending A. c. 433, the date of
the reign of Attila over the Huns,
1407 in .... 1840
Or, 1057 X 2 = 21 14, ending
at the fall of the Western Empire, 476
Thence 1057, at the beginning
of the Reformation in England, 1533
307 in . . . . 1840
183 Cycles of 19, and 183, being the
fraction of the fraction 13, the period
is perfect. This great era is, from the
Confusion of tongues, 40 Cycles of 19.
Hence to the 3d of David's reign in
Hebron, (see 2 Sam. ii. 10.) are 30
Cycles of 19 ; to the accession of So
lomon, are 32 Cycles ; to the last Vi
sion of Ezekiel, B. C 574, are 8 Weeks
of 19 ; to Daniel's Vision of the Four
Kingdoms, Chap, vii., B. c. 555, are 3
Squares of 19 ; and to our Lord's con
ception 86 Cycles, or the fraction 43
X2.
Being 181"Cycles of 19. Hence to
the 3d year of David, when Ishbosheth's
reign ended, 2 Sam. ii. 10 , B. c. 1068,
are 4 Weeks of 19 ; to the accession of
Hezekiah, B. c. 726, are 46 Cycles ;
and to the conception of Christ are 7
X 12 = 84 Cycles, a perfect number.
This period also divides itself into
3439 -j three of 19 X 7 X 8 = 56 = 1064,
and a fourth of 19 X the fraction
13 =- 247 years; and, thus ar
ranged, it brings out, 1st, The procla
mation of Cyrus, B. c. 536 ; 2d, The
year A. c. 529, the 3d of Justinian,

3477

34

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Events.

Dates. Years B.C.

Length of each
period
to 1840.

54. The entrance of the t
Israelites into Ca- V 1599
naan — fall of Jericho. J

3438

55. The 1st Shemittah "1
or Sabbatic year af- f* . ,
ter the Conquest of f
Canaan, j

91

3430

56. I. Servitude under J
Cushan-Rishathaim, $ Ja7"!

3411

57. Othniel, the first of)
the Judges, )

1564

3403

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
1260 years before the French Revolu
tion of 1789 ; 3d, The year 1593, the
apostasy of. Henry IV. of France ; 4th,
The year 1840.
Consisting of the following fractions :
241 X 14 = 3374, ending at the de
claration of independence of the
United States, . . . 1776
57, .... 1833
7, . . . . 1840
Or, 2353, ending when Pepin a se
cond time delivered Rome from the
Lombards who were besieging it, and
gave possession to the Pope of several
towns, the year before he ceded the
Exarchate, .... 755
1057, at the first overthrow of
Napoleon, . . . . 1812
21 + 7 in 1833 and . 1840
70 Jubilees, or 10 Weeks of the Ju
bilee. This era is from the death of
Jacob 19 X 13 = 247 years. Hence
to the 1st Passover after David placed
the ark on Mount Zion, u. c. 1059, are
4 Weeks of 19 = 532 years.
Consisting of tlje following fractions:
553, ending al the Dedication of the
Temple by Solomon, . b. c. 1019
307, at the overthrow of Sen
nacherib, .... 712
2551, in . . . . 1840
J Or, reversing the two last num
bers, they bring out first, the Eng
lish Reformation, . . 1533
And secondly, the year . 1840
This era is from the death of Jacob
2 Weeks of 19 = 266 years. Hence
to the 7th Apocalyptic Trumpet, 1792,
are 177 Cycles of 19.
Composed of the fractions
1561, ending at the birth of
Christ, . . . . b. c. 3
307 X 6 = 1842 in . 1840
Or, 1 1 1 X 30 = 3330, ending
at the bill for duties on the Ame
rican Colonies, . . .1767
73, ... 1840
Or, 241 X 10 = 2410, ending
at the accession of Pope Leo IV.,
the year after the Saracens plun
dered Rome, .... 847
993, . . . 1840

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

35

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Events.

Dates.
Years B.C.

Length of each
period
to 1840.

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.

58. II. Servitude under )
Eglon, king of Moab, J

1524

Composed of the fractions
3307, ending . .1784
43, 1827
13, . . . . 1840
Or 1 333, ending at the defeat
3363 4 of Antiochus the Great by Acilius,
the Roman Consul, at Thermo
pylae, . . . B. c. 191
1723, at the English Re
formation, . . A. c. 1533
307, in 1840

59. Ehud, and after }
him Shamgar, judge > 1506
Israel, J

3345

Consisting of the following fractions :
3307, ending at the peace
of Amiens, . . . 1802
31 + 7, . . . 1840
Or, 2071, ending the year after
the death of Justinian, . 566
931, .... 1497
843, . . . 1840

60. III. Servitude, Ja-J

bin and Sisera,

Composed of the fractions
1261, ending when Judas
Maccabeeus restored the worship
of God in Jerusalem, and dedi
cated the Temple, . . B. c. 165
1191, at 21 Jubilees from
the birth of Christ, . . 1027
813  1840
1426 3265 ^ The last two fractions form the
Cycle of 2004 years. See Period,
No. 105, below.
Or, 111 X 29 = 3219, ending
when the reign of terror termi
nated ill France by the fall of
Robespierre, ¦ . . 1794
43, at Victoria, . .1837
3, . . . . 1840

61 . Deborah and Barak '
deliver and judge J
Israel,

1406 3245 •

Consisting of the following fractions :
381 , ending the 3d year of the
building of the Temple, B. c. 1023
1057, at the death, resurrection,
and ascension of Christ, A. c. 33
1807, . . . . 1840
Or, from the death of Christ,
507 ends, when Vitiges king of
the Goths, was taken by Beiisa-
rius and sent prisoner to Constan
tinople,  540
993, at the English Reforma
tion,  1533
307, .... ]840

36

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Events.

Dates. Years B.C.

Length
of each
period
to 1840.

62. IV. Servitude un
der Midian,

1366

3205

63. Eli judges Israel, 1182 3021

C4. VII. Servitude ")
under the Philistines (_,,,„
—the Ark at Kir- f U42
jathjearim, )

65. Samuel judges
Israel,

1122

66. Saul reigns in Israel, 1110

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with .
other great eras.
Composed of the following fractions
931, ending in the lltli
year of the administration of Ne
hemiah, . . . B. c. 435
2163, at the peace of Se
ville, . . . . a. u. 1729
111, . . 1840
Or, 3081, ends at the suppres
sion of the first rebellion of 1715
in favour of the Stuarts, . . 1716
111, in . . . 1827
13, . . . . 1840
Also the fraction 343 X 8 =
2744 years =z 56 Jubilees, ends
at the second year of the great
Romish Schism, with a Pope at
Rome, and an Antipope at Avig
non, cursing each other, . 1379
381, at George III. . 1760
73 + 7 in 1833 and 1840
159 Cycles of 19 ; from the confu
sion of tongues 8 X 8 = 64 Cycles ;
from the rearing of the Tabernacle, 24
Cycles. Hence, to the conception of
Christ, are SI X 2 = 62 Cycles ; and,
to the Union of England and Scotland,
1707, are 8 Squares of 19 = 152
Cycles. Consisting of the fractions
43 X 10 = 430, ending at the
overthrow of Sennacherib, B. c. 712
2551, . . a. c. 1840
Also 273 X 10 = 2730, end
ing at the accession of Henry IV.
of France  1589
241, . . . 1830
., 7 + 3 in 1837 and . 1840
Consisting of the fractions
1723, ending at the reign
of Phocas, ... A. c. 602
931, The Reformation be
gun in England, . . . 1533
307, in 1840
f The Cycle of 2300 + 649, at
the end of which the Moon is be-
| fore the Sun 14 H., 42 M„ 25 8.,
2949 ¦{ 18 TH. Also the fraction 241 X
12 = 2892, ends at the General
peace of . . . 1783
57, in 1840

2981

2961

L

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

37

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Events.

Dates. Years B. C.

Length
of each
period
to 1840.

67. David reigns in
Hebron,

1070 2909.

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
Consisting of the fractions
553, ending the year before the
finishing of the second Temple.
Also when Daiius began the siege
of Babylon, which had rebelled,
and the siege ended in its ruin in
B.C. 516, . . . B. c. 517
2353, ends at Victoria, . 1837
.3, in . . . 1840
Or, from B. c. 517, the fraction
463, ends at Caesar's second expe
dition into Britain, and the plun
der of the Temple of Jerusalem
by Crassus . . . B. c

1893, in

54
1840

68. David takes Jeru- ~)
salem and reigns > 1063
there, 3

2902^

69. He places the Ark '
on Mount Zion, the |
type of Christ reign- j
ing there,

1060

2899

70. Solomon reigns, 1080

2869

71. He dedicates the > , „,„
Temple, \

2858

Consisting of the fractions
1641, ending . a. C. 579
1261, . . . 1840
Or, 241 X 12 = 2892, ending
at William IV. and the last Revo
lution in France, . . . 1830
7 + 3, in 1837 and 1840
Consisting of the fractions
1057, ending at the birth
of Christ, . . . B. C. 3
1191, at Richard Cceur de
Lion and the 3d Crusade, . 1189
651, .... 1840
Or, 241 X 12 = 2892, ending
at the treaty of Kiutahia- and ces
sion of Palestine to Egypt, . 1833
7, in . . . 1840
151 Cycles of 19. Hence to the
proclamation of Cyrus are 19 X 13 X
2 = 26 ; to the conception of Christ
are 54 Cycles of 1 9 ; to the Union of
England and Scotland are 19 X 12a
= 144 = 2736 years ; a most per
fect number, the same which measures
from Queen Athaliah to 1840.
Consisting of the fractions
255 1 ending at the Reformation
in England, .... 1533
307, . . . 1840
Or, the fraction 343 = 73, or
7 Jubilees X 8 = 2744, ending 1726
111, ending at Victoria, 1837
3, . . . . 1840
The two last make 6 Cycles of
L19.

38

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Events.

Dates. Years B. C.

Length of each
period
to 1840.

72. Rehoboam reigns. '
The ten Tribes re- |
volt and separate |
from Judah,

990

76. The foundati
Rome,

ion of)

2829-

73. Queen Athaliah'
cuts off the whole
family of David, ex
cept the infant Joash, }• 897
who is hid in the
Temple, and herself
usurps the throne.

74. Queen Athaliah "1
slain, and the house I .
of David restored in f i
the person of Joash, j

75. Jotham reigns in
Judah — Isaiah's Vi
sion of the Glory of
God, Chap, vi., and
his mission,

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
Consisting of the fractions
2071, ending at the second
siege of Rome by the Emperor
Henry IV. ... 1082
601, at the second siege of
Vienna by the Turks in . . 1683
157, . . . 1840
Or, 553 X 5 = 2765, ending
at the declaration of independence
of the United States, . .1776
57, at the first Parlia
ment called Reformed, . 1833
7  1840
The reader is requested to observe
the analogy between the revolt of the
Ten Tribes, and of the United States,
linked as these events are by the fore
going scientific period ; also both pro
ceeding from one cause, the imposition
of taxes, and both leading to the cast
ing off of National Religion.
12* = 144 X 19, or 144 Cycles of
19. Hence to the foundation of Rome
are 144 years, and as Athaliah, the
2736 \ murderer of the seed of David, is the
type of Rome, the slaughterer of the
saints, the beauty of this chronological
.connexion becomes evident.

Consisting of the following fractions :
91 X 3 X 10=30.
Or, 13 X 3 X 10 = 30 = 390 X 7.
Or, 273 X 10.
This number imbodies in itself,

2730

758

753

77. The Captivity on
the Tribes beyond V 740
Jordan, )

2597

2592

2579

therefore, no less than three different
combinations of trinal fractions, and is
.most perfect.
53 Jubilees. Hence to the liberty of
Jehoiachin, 4 Jubilees ; to the ministry
of John the Baptist, 1 6 Jubilees. This
date is, from the translation of Enoch,
66 Jubilees, or the Cycle of 1078 X 3
_= 3234 years.
f 12* = 144 X 3 X 6 = 18, a most
I perfect period. It is bisected by the
< the year 544, the date of the second
command of Belisarius in Italy, and
therefore a memorable era.
Consisting of the fractions
i 2551, ending at the first
[ overthrow of Napoleon, . 1812

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

39

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Events.

Dates. Years B. C.

Length
of each
rerindto 1840.

78 Hezekiah reigns in }
Judah, 3

726

2565

79. Samaria taken, and '
the Kingdom
rael ended
manasar,

aken, and ~l
sm of Is- (
by Shal- f

721

2560

80. The captivity in )
Babylon, \

606

2445

81. The Prophetic"}
dream of Nebuchad- (
nezzar of the four f
kingdoms, )

82. The captivity of}
Jehoiachin, and reign >
of Zedekiah. )

605

2444

598

2437

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
21, . . . . 1633
7, ... 1840
Or, 111 X 23 = 2553, ending
at the first dethronement of Na
poleon, .... 1814
13X2 = 26, . 1840
Being the Cycle of 19, multiplied by
27, the cube of the fraction 3 ; and
again by 5, or 19 X 27 X 5 = 135, a
perfect period. Hence to the procla
mation of Cyrus, B. c 536, are 10
Cycles of 19, and to the conception of
Christ, B. c. 4, are 2 Squares of 19 =
38 Cycles. Hence to the Act of Union,
1707, are 128 Cycles, the same perfect
period as measures from the second
Vision of Ezekiel to 1840.
Being the fraction 111 X 23 =
2553, ending when Palestine was ceded
to Egypt  1 833
7, in . . . 1840
This period is also the 10th term in
a series of Geometrical Progression, 5
being the first term, and 2 the Ratio.
Consisting of the following fractions :
931, ending the year after the
Council of Nice, . . . 326
1483, in . . . 1809
31, in 1840
Or, 11 1 X 22 = 2442, ending
at the accession of Victoria . 1837
3, . . . . 1840
Being the Astronomical Cycle of
611 years, at the end of which the
Moon is fast 8 H., 5 M., 38 s., 39 TH.,
multiplied by 4. The whole period is
not a Cycle, but as the multiple of the
above Cycle by 4, it is perfect.
It also consists of the fraction
241 X 10 = 2410, ending 1806
31, at Victoria, . 1837
3, . . . . 1840
Consisting of the following fractions :
553 X 4 = 2212, ending 33
Jubilees from the birth of Christ, and
3 years before the beginning of the 30
years' War in Germany, . 1615
111 X 2, at Victoria, . 1837
3, . . . 1840

40

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Dates. Years B. C.

Lengthof each
period
to 1840.

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
Or, 2353, at the 7 years' War, 1756
. 57, at the second over
throw of Napoleon, 1813
21, . . . . 1834
3 + 3, in 1837 and 1840

83. Jeremiah's Vision "
of the overthrow of (
Babylon, Chap. 1. (
and li.

595 2434 ¦

Consisting of the following fractions :
553, ending at the battle
of Philippi arid death of Brutus, B. c. 42
553 X 2= 1106, in the
last year of Edward the Confessor,
and of the Saxon monarchy of
England, . . . A. C. 1065
553, at the beginning of
the 30 years' War, and the date of
the Synod of Dort, . . 1618
111 X2 =222, in . 1840
Or, 1 1 1 X 20 = 2220, at the
defeat of Christian IV. of Den
mark, by Tilly, the Imperial Ge
neral at Lutter, ... 1 626
211, at Victoria, . .1837
'[_ 3, 1840

84. Ezekiel's first Vi-"
sion of God coming
in glory. The same
year (see Prideaux)
Seraiah reads the
Prophecy of Jere
miah against Baby
lon, and binding a
stone to the roll,
casts it into the Eu
phrates, li. 63.

594

2433

A Cycle, being that of 2080 + 353,
the Moon slow 3 H., 43 M., 41 s.,
16TH. From this date to Papal Rome being
erected into a Republic, after revolting
from the Greek Emperors in 730, are
27 Jubilees = 1323 years, and thence
to 1840, are 111 X 10= 1110 years.

65. Ezekiel's second
, Vision of the coming
of the Lord in glory
to destroy the City,
Chap, viii — xi., in
the 6th year of Je-
coniah's captivity,

I" Being 19, the Metonic Cycle X
I 16 X 8 = 128; also the 8th term
593 2432 ^ of a Series of Geometrical Progession,
j 19 being the first term, and 2 the
(_ratio.

86. Ezekiel's third Se-'
ries of Visions, Chap.
xx — xxiii., in the
7th year of the above
captivity, J

592

2431

Being the fractionlll X 20 = 2220,
ending at a cruel persecution of the
Protestants of Bohemia by the Em
peror Ferdinand II. ,30,000 of them
having been driven into exile, 1 629
211 ends . . . 1840

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

41

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Events.

Dates. Years B.C.

87. Jerusalem taken-.
and destroyed by Ne
buchadnezzar — also I
Ezekiel's Visions, Ch. j
xxvi — xxviii. and I
xxxi. -I

88. Ezekiel's Visions, '
from Chap, xxxii. to j
xxxix.

89. The last Vision of
Ezekiel, xl — xlviii

Length
of each
period
to 1840.

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.

588

Consisting of the following fractions :
74 = 2401 = 49 Jubilees, the bi-
quadrate of 7 ends in the year 1814
13X2 = 26, . 1840
Also 157. ends at the beginning
2427 J of the Peloponnesian War, the
15th year of Nehemiah's adminis
tration, . . . B c. 431
463, at the death, resurrec
tion, and ascension of Christ, A. c.

1807,

33
1840

587

2426-

L*l

574

Consisting of the following fractions :
703, ending at the accession of the
Emperor Adrian, the second Roman
destroyer of Jerusalem, A. c. 117
1723, . . . ' 1840
Also 111 X 21, ends at the Re
bellion of ... 1745
Hence are 5 Cycles of 19 := 95,
dividing itself into the fractions
57 + 31 + 7 ; bringing out the
years 1802, 1833, and . 1840
Being 127 Cycles of 19. Hence, to
the conception of Christ, are 30 Cycles ;
to the Union of the Kingdoms, 1707,
2411 1 are '^" Cycles, a period most perfect.
i ] Or, the fraction, 2353, termi-
I nating in ... 1780
| 57, at Victoria . 1837
[ 3, ... 1840

90. The death of Ne-
1 buchadnezzar and ac
cession of Evil-Me-
rodach ; also 3 days
before the end of the
year of the World
4917, conumerary ^ 562
with B.C. 562, al
though in our year
B. C. 561, Jehoiachin
was released from
prison, and stood be
fore the king.
91. Cyrus defeats and ^
slays in battle Nerig- > 556
lissar of Babylon, )
92. The accession of "I
Belshazzar — Daniel (
sees the Vision of the f
four Beasts, Chap. vii. j

2401

( Being 74, the biquadrate of 7, and
\ 49 X 49, or a Jubilee of Jubilees.

2395

f A perfect Cycle, being 2080 + 315,
1 the Moon fast 24 m., 29 s., 54 TH.

f" Being 126 Cycles of 19, or 18 Weeks
„„„ , J of that Cycle. Hence, to the Union of
1 England and Scotland, are 119 Cycles,
t or 17 Weeks of 19.

42

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Dates.
Years B. C.

Length
of each
period
to 1840.

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.

93. Babylon taken by "
Cyrus — Daniel's |
Prophecy of the 70 |
Weeks.

94. The accession of
Cyrus to the Empire
— his proclamation
for the return of the
Jews, V

'1

r

538

r 536

2375

95. The foundation of")
the 2d Temple in f , -
the 2d of Cyrus, f odo
Ezra iii. 8. J

96. The foundation of")
the Temple laid
second time in the f 520
2d of Darius, Hag. |
ii. 10. J
97. The 4th of Darius"
marked as a great
era in Zech. vii.
1 — 3, and in the ¦ 518
Jewish Chronology
as the 1 st year of the
2d Temple,

98. The first Passover^
in the Second >• 515
Temple, Ezra vi. 19. j

99. The first expedi-"
tion of Darius to In
dia — the pushing of
the Ram southward, [> 509
Dan. viii. 4., and be
ginning of the 2300
years, ver. 14.

Consisting of the following fractions :
507, ending at the battle of Ac-
tium and fall of Egypt, B. c. 31
1057, at 21 Jubilees from the
2377 ^ birth of Christ, . . a. c. 1027
813  1840
Or, 111 X 21 = 2331, e"nds 1794
43, ... . 1837
3, . . . . 1840
Being the Cycle of 19 X 53 = 125.
Also 2300, the number in Dan. viii. 14.
plus the difference between Daniel's
1260 and 1335 years, = 75. The 2300
years, computed from this date, end at
the American Stamp Act, 1765, the
origin of the revolt of the Colonies
whence sprung the French Revolution.
(" Consisting of the fractions
1561, ending at 21 Jubi-
2374 < lees from the birth of Christ, in
I the year .... 1027
|_ 813, . . . 1840
f Consisting of the fractions
553, ending in the year
2359 <j after our Lord's ascension, . 34
993 [see last period], 1027
813, . . . 1040

„„.„ ( A Cycle, that of 2080 + 277, the
l Moon fast 4 H„ 32 M., 41 s., 4 TH.

Consisting of the fractions
1483, ending in . A. c. 969
871, . . . 1840
Or, 211 X 10 = 2110, ending
144 Jubilees from the Fall, . 1596
241, at Victoria, . 1837
3, . . . 1840

2354

2348

Being the fraction 2257, ending
at the execution of the peace of
Aix la Chapelle, . . . 1749
91, ... 1840
Or, 211 X 11 = 2321, ending
at the second overthrow of Napo
leon,  1813
13, . . 1826
7 X 2= 14, . . 1840

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

43

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Dates.
Years B. C.

Length
of each
period
to 1810.

100. The decree of Ar- ~\
taxerxes in his 7th I
year, and beginning f
of the 70 Weeks, J

458 2297 <

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
Consisting of the fractions
463, ending shortly before
Judea was made a Roman Pro
vince, . . . . A. c. 6
1561, at the administration
of the Duke of Alva, a great era of
persecution in the Netherlands, 1567
273, .... 1840

101. The Commission)

of Nehemiah,

3

445

2284-

Composed of the fractions
111 X 20 = 2220, ending
at the Declaration of indepen
dence by the United States, 1776
57, at the first Parliament
called Reformed, . 1833
7, ... 1S40
Also 31 X 70 = 2170, ending
in the last year of George I. . 1 726
111, at Victoria, . 1837
3, . . . . 1840

102. The death of Ar-"J
taxerxes Longima- |
nus, and finishing of \
the Old Testament I
Canon,

J" Being the multiple of the two frac-
| tions 31 and 73, and therefore a per-
424 2263 \ feet period. It is also the exact mea-
| sure of the period from Creation to the
|_birth of Arphaxad.

103. The overthrow of
Darius at Arbela
Alexander the Great

byf-
at,)

Being the trinal fraction of 5 =: 31 ,
X that of 2 = 7 X 10 = 70, and
therefore a period most perfect. This
great era is, from the Fall, 270 Cycles
331 2170 \ of 19; from the finishing of the Ark in
the penultimate year of the Antedilu
vian Earth 152 Cycles, or 8 Squares of
19. From the* 1st year of Cyrus in
Persia Proper, B. c. 559, ate 12 of 19.

1 04. Jerusalem taken
by Antiochus Epi-
phanes, who slays
40,000 of the in
habitants — enters the
Holy of Holies, and
profanes the Temple
by offering a sow on
the altar,

f Being 41 Jubilees ; from God's ap-
i . _n onnoj 3 pearance to Moses in the bush 30 Jubi-
i. 17U xm\s< lees . hence tQ {he Smalcaldic -war,
^ 1 546, are 35, or 5 Weeks of Jubilees.

105. Jerusalem recover
ed, and the Temple
purified and dedi
cated by Judas Mac
cabeeus,

I The perfect Cycle of 334 multiplied
| by 6, the Moon fast 5 H., 40 M., 5 s.,
165 2004 <| 42 TH. This period is bisected by the
| year 888, being 70 X 12 = 840 from
j [_the birth of Christ.

44

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Dates. Years B. C.

Length
of each
period
to 1840.

106. Jerusalem taken ]
by Pompey, '

63

1902-

107. Herod takes Je- j
rusalem, j

108. The Angel Ga-'
briel sent to the Vir
gin Mary, who soon
afterwards conceives
of the promised
Christ — John born.

37

1876

1843

109. The Birth op]
Christ. j

1842 i

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
Being the fraction 211 X9 =
1899, ending at Victoria, . 1837
3, . . . . 1840
Or, 73, ending 112 Jubilees from
Creation, at the 14th year of our
Lord, the season of puberty, A. c. 11
463, Nepos, Emperor of the
West, and Zeno, of the East, 2
years before the fall of the West
ern Empire, . . . 474
553, ends 21 Jubilees from
birth of Christ, . . . 1027
813, . . . 1840
Consisting of the following fractions :
111 X 6 = 666, end in the
year that Mahommed took Mecca, 630
507, at the accession of Louis
VII. of France, who, with the Em
peror Conrad, in 1147, led the
armies of the Second Crusade, 1137
703, . . . 1840
From the 1st Passover after Herod
took Jerusalem, viz., B. c. 36 is 54, the
biquadrate of 5 = 625 X 3 = 1875
years. 97 Cycles of 19, or 40 + 57. The
40 = 760 years, terminate in the 1st
year of the Pope as a temporal Prince,
the Exarchate having been ceded to
him by Pepin the year before, and 57
or 3 Squares of 19, in . 1840
Being the fraction 307 X 6. The
1st period of 307 ends at the abdica
tion of Diocletian, a. c. 305 ; the 2d in
612, the year before the public preach
ing of Mahommed; the 3d in 919, from
the death of Abraham .8 Squares of 19.
The 4th, in 1226, when Avignon was
taken by the French Crusaders under
Louis VIII. ; the 5th at the English
Reformation, 1533.
Also 111 X 16 = 1776, ends at the
accession of Louis XVI. and the open
ing of the first Congress in America, 1774
21 X 3, =63, at Victoria, 1837
3, . . . . 1840
Or, the fraction 1191, ends at
the accession of Richard Cceur de
Lion, and 3d Crusade, . . 1189
651, . . 1840

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

45

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Dates.
Years A. C.

110. Christ's first ap- ~\
pearance in the f
Temple, at 12 years f
of age, J
111. John the Baptist)
begins to preach, j
1 12. Christ dies, rises, )
and ascends, J

113. Jerusalem taken, '
and destroyed by
Titus,

10
s t

27

33

70

Length Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
of each showing their connexion with
period other great eras.
to 1840. f Being the fraction 183 X 10, a per-
1830 < feet period ; for its connexion with the
C era of Creation see p. 21.

1813

37 Jubilees.

1807- The trinal fraction of 7 X 6 = 42.

1770

Consisting of the following fractions :
993, ending at the reign of Alp
Arslan over the Seljuks, the Second
Epoch of Turkish power, . 1 063
111 X 7 = 777 in . . 1840

73

114. The end of the ^
Jewish War by the >
taking of Massada, j
115. The rebellion of
the Jews under Bar-
chocheba, which leads
. to their destruction !¦ 132
with prodigious
slaughter, in the
year 135,
116. Julian attempts to "1
rebuild the Temple, f .„
but is miraculously (
hindered, )
117. The Goths trans-'
ported across the
Danube by the Em
peror Valens — they j- 376
rise in arms.
The I, Apocalyptic
Trumpet,
118. Fall of the West
ern Empire-
Trumpet '.

fi ( Being 93 Cycles of 19, or 19 X the
( fractions 31 X 3.

f A perfect Cycle, being that of 1040
]7083 + 334 X 2 = 668, at the end of
y which the Moon is fast 35 m., 13 s.,
( 35 TH.

1477 The fraction 211 X 7.

of the West- 1
pire — End of >
t IV. )

476

119. The death of Pope"!
Hormisdas. ( -„.,
III. Seal of Apoca-f 3Jd
lypse.* j

1464

1364-

1317

The fraction of 13 = 183 X 8 :
1464.

The fractions 1333, ending
31,

1809
1840

A Cycle, being, that of 334 X 3 =
1002 + 315, the Moon fast 5 H., 50 m.,
49 s., 23 th. This era is from the de
feat and death of Neriglissar, B. c. 556,
the Cycle of 1078, and from the cleans
ing of the Temple by Judas Maccabaeus,
the perfect Cycle of 687 years, the
Moon slow 10 M., 43 s.

See Supplement to my Dissertation on the Seals. Preface, pp. vii, viii.

46

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Events.

Dates.
Years A. C.

Length of each
period ,
to 1840.

120. Jerusalem taken | _
by the Saracens, 3

121. Rome forms itself "J
into a Republic un- f ___
der the authority off
the Pope, J
122. The first year of
the Papacy as a tem
poral power, the Ex
archate having been
ceded by Pepin the
year before,

1203 4

757

1110

1083

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
Consisting of the following fractions:
157, ending at the Council
of Frankfort condemning Images, 794
703, at the discovery of
South America by Americus Ves-
pusius, .... 1497
343, .... 1840
Or, 211 X5= 1055, ending
in the year of the naval battle of
La Hogue, . . . 1692
91, at the peace of . 1783
57, ... 1840
j Being the fraction 111 X 10 = 10
1+ 10* + 103.

( Bei
I of tha

Being 57 Cycles of 19, or 3 Squares
that number.

123. Bagdad founded )
by the Caliph Al £ 762
Mansoor, )
124. Charlemagne"!
crowned at Rome f Q
Emperor of the West f
at Christmas, j
125. The reign
Alfred,

°'S

871

126. The Fatimite Ca- "
liphs possess them- 1
selves of Egypt and 1
Jerusalem,
127. Togrul Beg, Sul-~
tan of the Seljuks,
crowned king of Bag
dad. This is the
foundation of the
Seljukian - Turkish
Empire, on which the
Ottoman power was
afterwards ingrafted,
128. Alp Arslan reigns")
over the Seljuks, be- ( .
ing their second f
founder, )

969

1057

f . A Cycle in Astronomy, that of 1040
1078-J+ 38, the Moon slow 5H., .26 m.,
( 19 s., 29 th.

1 040 5 ^e most perfect Cycle. The Moon
I slow 1 H., 18 M„ 8 s., 19 th.
f Being 51 Cycles of 19. Hence to
969 1 the peace of 1783 are 12X4 = 48
C Cycles.
„_. ( The fraction of 29. — As to this date,
I see Gibbon, Vol. *.. p. 379.
Being the fraction 757, ending'
at the first dethronement of Na
poleon, .... 1814
13X2 = 26, . 1840
783 \ Or, 111 X 7 = 777, ending 1834
3 + 3 in 1837 and . 1840
This great era is from 763, the 2d
year of the building of Bagdad, 6 Jubi
lees, = 294 years.

777

The fraction 111 X 7.

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

47

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Events.

129. William the Con-"
queror overthrows
the Saxon Monarchy
of England, and
reigns.
130. Malek Shah Jelal
u'dien reigns over
the Seljuks. This is
the third Epoch of
their dominion which
in his reign extended
from Syria to the
frontiers of China,

Dates.
Years A. C.

1066

Lengthof each
period
to 1840.

774

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
Consisting of the fractions
241 X 3 = 723, ending at
the French Revolution, . 1789
31 + 13 + 7 in 1820,
1833, and .... 1840

• 1072

708

131. The Seljuks take) ...„
Jerusalem,* J

132. The Crusaders }
take Jerusalem, and (
establish the Chris- f
tian Kingdom, J

1099

133. The second Cru-

1 34. Accession of Hen- '
ry II., the first of!
the Plantagenets, j
135. Henry II. con-)
quers Ireland, \

1147

1154

1172

136. Overthrow of the
Christian Kingdom
of Jerusalem by Sa-
ladin, Sultan of V 1187
Egypt, 88 years, or
11 ' X 8, after its
establishment,

Being 12 X 8 X 8 = 64, a per
fect number, which divides itself 1st
into 122 = 1 44 X 5 = 720, ending
at the fall of the French Monarchy
and War of Europe against the Revo
lution  1792
2d, 12 X 4 = 48, .* . 1840

|" Consisting of the fraction 757,
| ending at the treaty of Kiutahia
764 -[ and cession of Palestine to Egypt,
| 1833
L 7  1840

741

f Being the Cycle of 19 X by the frac-
\ tion 13 X the fraction 3 :

:39.

Being the fraction 7 X the frac
tion 73, ending at the death of
Oliver Cromwell, . . 1658
7 X the fraction 13=91,
also a fraction, ends . . 1749
693-1 7 X the fraction 13 = 91,
ends . 1840
Or, the fraction 651, ending at
Bonaparte's invasion and conquest
of Egypt, . . . .1798
21 X 2 = 42, . 1840
„. ( 73 = 343 X 2, or 2 Weeks of the
686 \ Jubilee.
„ ( The perfect Cycle of 334 X 2, the
bw I Moon fast 1 H., 53 M., 21 s., 54 th.
Composed of the following fractions :
133 X 2 = 266 = 14 Cycles
of 1 9, ends at the taking of Con
stantinople by the Ottomans, . 1453
1 1 1 , at the accession of Maxi
milian II., Emperor of Germany,
and the year after the termination
of the Council of Trent, . 1564

653

* 1 adopt this date from Gibbon, Vol.
1072.

. p. 383. Chap. Ivii.— Some Chronologers place it in

48

THE SEASON OF THE END, AND

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840,

Dates. Years A. C.

Length of each
period
to 1840.

137. Richard Cosur de"
Lion, King of Eng
land, and the Third
Crusade under the
Emperor Frederic,
Philip of France, and
Richard,
138. Richard made
prisoner on his re
turn from Palestine
by Leopold of Austria,
139. The fourth Cru
sade,
1 40. Magna Charta
signed by John at
Runamede,
141. Jerusalem ceded
to the Emperor Fre
deric II., at the head
of the armies of the
fifth Crusade, being
the last time it was
possessed by the
Christian powers,

1189
¦1192 1203 1215 1229

651

RemarkB explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
133, at the battle of Zenta, 1697
133, at William IV. of Eng
land, and the dethronement of
Charles X. of France, . . 1 830
7, at Victoria, . 1837
3, . . . . 1840

The trinal fraction of 25.

T Being 4J Squares of 12, or 12 X 33
fi.„j = 27 X 2; and 3 is the trinal frac-
1 tion of 1. This period is therefore
{_ perfect.
( 13 Jubilees, being 72 X the fraction
1 13.

637

625 Being 54, or the biquadrate of 5.

f A Cycle in Astronomy, the Moon fast
I at the end of it, 8H., 5m, 38s.,
611 ^39th. This era is from Nebuchad-
I nezzar's dream of the four kingdoms,
[61 1X3.

[6

142. Jerusalem taken
by the Karismians
from the Christians,
1 47 years, or 3 Jubi
lees, from the taking
of Nice by the armies
of the first Crusade,

¦ 1244

596

This being the final expulsion of the
Crusaders and the Christian powers
from Jerusalem, is a great era, and it is
conspicuously marked in the Chrono
logy, being from Noah's leaving the
Ark, and God's everlasting Covenant,
'2 + 2* + 23 v,2 + 2a+23

B. c. 3216

"(

343X

2
3 + 3* + 33

2 + 2M-2f\
X  2  )—- 3
= 13, that is, the Cube of the fraction
of 2, multiplied by the fraction of 3
= 4459, or 91 Jubilees, a period thus
most perfect.
The number 596 consists of the frac
tion 463, ending at the Union of Eng
land and Scotland, . . 1707
133, in 1840
Also 111 X 5= 555, ending
at Bonaparte's invasion of Syria,
ind defeat at Acre, . . 1799

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840.

49

OR YEAR OF THE WORLD 7318.

Events.

Dates.Years A.C.

Length of each
period
to 1840.

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.
31, at the dethronement of
Charles X., and accession of Wil
liam IV. of England, . 1830
7, at Victoria, . 1837
3, ... 1840
Hence to the conquest of Palestine
by the Ottomans, in 1517, is the frac
tion 273.

143. Death of Edward ")
III. of England, and I
accession of Richard f
II. )

1377

463 Being the fraction of 21.

144. Constantinople"
taken by the Otto- |
mans under Maho- (
med II.

1453

387

Consisting of the fraction 273, end
ing in the year 1726, being 260 Cycles
of 19 from the birth of Arphaxad ; the
last year complete of the reign of
George I.
Ill, at Victoria, . 1837
3, . . . . 1840
Hence, to the treaty of Kiutahia
ceding Syria to Egypt, 1833, are 20
Cycles of 19.

145. The Reformation'
begins in Germany
1 year after the
preaching of Zuing-
lius,

1517

323 Being 17 Cycles of 19.

146. The Confession of
Augsburg read in the
presence of the Em
peror, Charles V.,
and the Princes of
the Empire. — The
League of Smalcalde
formed,
147. The beginning of
the Smalcaldic War,
— The League falls
to pieces,

1530

310 Being the fraction 31 X 10.

\

148. The peace of Pas-"
sau secures the liber
ty of the Protestant
Churches in Ger
many,

1546

1552

294

6 Jubilees.

122 = 144 X 2. This great era
is, from the foundation of Rome, 16
Squares of 12 ; from the accession of
288 <! Queen Athaliah, 17 Squares; and,
from the birth of Simeon, the second
of the sons of Jacob, B. c. 1905, it is
2 Cubes of 12 = 3456 years.

50

THE SEASON OF THE END, &C.

THE GREAT PERIODS WHICH EXPIRE IN THE YEAR 1840.

Dates. Years A. C.

• 1555

149. A Recess of the'
Diet of Augsburg
finally establishes the
peace of the Protest
ant Church. — The
Marian persecution
begins in England.
— Rogers, Bishops,
Ferrar, Ridley, and
Latimer, burnt this
year,

150. James I. the first!
of the Stuarts, reigns V 1603
in England, )

1618

151. The beginning of
the 30 years' War,
— The Synod of Dort,
152. Charles I. jeigns) .„„,.
in England, )

3

153. Charles I. be-)
headed, J

154. Charles II. re-

stored,

155. The Revolution—"
James II. abdicates |
—William III. and |
Mary,

1649

1660

:1688

156. The Union of the
Kingdoms of Eng
land and Scotland;

;he! , 3

1707

157. The House
Hanover — George
158. The Rebellion of 1715
159. The Rebellion of 1745
1 60. The American "
Stamp Act,
1 6 1 . The peace of Paris, 1 783
162. The peace of 7 .„-„
Amiens, \

1765

Length
of each
period
to 1810.

Remarks explanatory of the periods, and
showing their connexion with
other great eras.

285

Being 15 Cycles of 19. This great
era is, from the Confusion of tongues,
208 Cycles, or 13 X 4 X 4= 16, and,
from the proclamation of Cyrus, 110
Cycles.

f Consisting of the fractions
157, ending at the accession
, I of George III. . . . 1760
73, the first Parliament af
ter the Reform Revolution, . 1833
7, . . . . 1840

222 Being 111 X 2.

215 Being the fraction 43 X 5.
f Being the fractions
191-3 111, ending at George III. 1760
t 73+ 7 in 1833 and . 1840.
12 X 15, or H Square of 12;
I also the fraction 91, ending . 1751
180 -j 73, at Charles X. of France, 1824
13, at Victoria, . .1837
3, . . . . 1840

152 8 Cycles of 19.

C 7 Cycles of 19 — from the conquest
a, and the
174 Cycles

, „„ 1 of Transjordanite Palestine, and the
1331d

1 death of Moses, 29 X 6 :
(.of 19.

L } 17U 126 |

li
125 95 75
57 38

Being 7 X 18, or the fraction 21
X6. The Cube of 5.
5 Cycles of 19.
5s X 3, or 3 Squares of 5.
3 Cycles of 1 9 ; also the fraction of 7.
2 Cycles of 19 ; also the fractions
31 + 7.

SECTION II.
on the arrangement and subdivision of the fore
going great periods — calculation illustrative of
the perfect nature of the period from creation to
1840 as being the product of unity, and its tri
nal fraction, 3— the same principle applied to the
units 2 and 3, and their fractions  two other se
ries, from creation to 1840, in the first of which
the date of the death of adam fixed on astronomi
cal principles — second great mundane era: — third
subdivision of the ages — the fourth — the fifth 
the sixth — the seventh  the eighth — the ninth 
the tenth — the eleventh.  this chronology ap
pears to indicate the arrival of the time of the end
 different senses of the word " end," and how
used in this tract — various modes of subdividing
Daniel's concluding period of 75 years — the climax
of the chronology, when?  the great periods of the
year 1841  the approaching restoration of israel
— reasons for believing we have arrived at the
great climacteric of the mundane ages  closing
practical remarks.
As I desire to compress this Tract within the narrowest limits
which are consistent with necessary perspicuity, though I
might deem it advisable, as in my former pieces on the great
Periods which terminate in the year 1838, and on the Scien
tific Chronology of the year 1839, to arrange the periods of
the foregoing Table in the three classes of Great Mundane
— Great Patriarchal and Ecclesiastical, and Great
Prophetic Eras, I shall not, in the present instance, aim at
such a classification ; but shall follow the exact line of the

52 THE SEASON OF THE END, AND
Chronology in such remarks as I may deem it necessary to
oifer, placing the whole in such great subdivisions of the ages
as are suggested either by the order of time or the character
of the events.
The beginning of all Mundane time is the era of Creation,
b.c. 5478, whence, to 1840, is the fraction of 28 = 813,
multiplied by the Square of the fraction of 1=3 = 9 = 73 17
years. That this number is of a very perfect nature will appear
from the fact, that it comes out of the first unit 1^ and its
trinal fraction 3, as follows : —
3* = 9 the Multiplier.
33 = 27 + the Root 1 = 28, the Root of the Multiplicand.
28 + 2no + 283 = 813, the Multiplicand.
28
813 X9 = 7317, being the whole sum of years from Creation to 1840.
Now, if upon similar principles we compute from the se
cond unit 2, and its trinal fraction 7, it will give the following
results : —
7* = 49, the Multiplier.
73 = 343 + (the Root) 2 = 345, the Root of the Multiplicand.
345 + 345' + 3453 = ms1h m Multiplicand.
345
119,371 X 49 = 5,849,179.
The product therefore is the foregoing number, being,
from Creation, five millions, eight hundred and forty-nine
thousand, one hundred and seventy-nine years.
I have furthermore computed the number which results
upon the same principles from the unit 3, and its fraction 13,
and it amounts to the almost incredible sum, of more than
Flight hundred and Eighteen Millions of years, or 818,331,469
from Creation — for :
13* = 169, the Multiplier.
133 = 2197 + the Root 3 = 2200, the Root of the Multiplicand.
2200 + 2200* + 22003= 4>842>201> ^ MultipUcand.
2i£\j\J
4,842,201 X 169 = 818,331,969.

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840. 53
It is impossible, I think, in contemplating these wonderful
results, not to be struck with the thought that they appertain
to the Arithmetic of the Celestial Intelligences, and of HIM,
who numbers the hairs of every creature in the immensity of
his creation.
I have not found that the series, from Creation to 1840,
does, at the termination of any of the intermediate periods of
813 years, touch eras that are distinguished in history, and it
formerly appeared to me that this is a defect.* On further con
sideration I have, however, seen that it is not so ; for we have,
from the date of Creation to that of the Dedication of the
Temple by Solomon, b. c 1019, a period of a most perfect
nature, consisting of 13 Weeks of the Jubilee, or 4459 years,
equal also to the Cube of the trinal fraction of 2, multiplied
by the fraction of 3, and yet not one of the intermediate Jubi-
lean Weeks touches any date conspicuously marked in His
tory. Again, from Creation to the Birth of Christ, b. c 3,
are 15 years of years, or 365 X 15, and none of the interme
diate links are eras distinguished in History. These examples
do therefore establish the fact, that the numbers of the great
ages of the Moral Universe, although in themselves perfect,
are not always filled up by series of dates known in History,
but are sometimes, as it were, sanctified and set apart to mea
sure some one great and undivided age or dispensation with
out any intermediate historical dates. The second great pe
riod in the foregoing Table, from the Fall, as measured by
365 X 20, offers, as will be seen, a similar example.
The great period from Creation to the year 1840, may,
however, be divided into various other series of trinal fractions,
of which I shall place the two following before the reader.
1st, Theirs* has already been given in the Table, but it is
necessary to introduce it again • here, in order to state the

* See my Scientific Chronology of 1839, p. 77, where it is remarked that
this Series of 813 X 9, expiring in 1840, is inferior in its scientific characters
to that of 31 X 236, which expired in 1839  The foregoing calculations ap
pear to show that it has a much higher scientific character.

54 THE SEASON OF THE END, AND
principle upon which I have fixed the death of Adam on the
14th Nisan, B.C. 4548.
His Creation was on the 1st Nisan, . . b. c 5478
His life being the fraction 31 x the fraction 3x10
= 30 = 930, his death comes out in . . . 4548
Thence computing the fraction of 67 = 4557, which
(being also 93 Jubilees, or the fraction 31 multiplied by
the square of the fraction 7, or Jubilee, = 49, and
again multiplied by the fraction 3, that is, 31 X 49 X
3), is a number most perfect, we arrive at the appearance
of Christ in the Temple when 12 years of age, a. c 10
Thence the fraction 183 X 10 ends in . . 1840
It will be seen by the readers of my former Works that,
whereas I formerly placed the death of Adam in b. c 4549,
on the last day of the year, I here place it in the year that
follows, and I shall now mention the reason of this correction.
I find, by calculation, that at the end of 930 tropical years,
which is the number of Adam's life, the Moon is fast 14 d.,
10 H., 23 M. ; or, in other words, at the end of that period the
Vernal Equinoctial New Moon and the 1st of Nisan occur
so much earlier in the Tropical year than in the year of his
Creation. Now, I have shown elsewhere, that in the year of
Creation, b. c 5478, it was New Moon upon the 22d March,
in the evening of our Wednesday, but according to the Scrip
tural time, the evening of Thursday, and that the 1st Nisan
was on the evening of Friday the 23d March ;* consequently,
since, at the end of 930 years, the Moon is fast 14 d., 10 h.,
it follows that, in the year b. c. 4548, the 1st of Nisan fell
upon the 9 th March, or 14 days earlier than in the year of the
Creation. Ifthereforethelifeof Adam was exactly 930 Tropi
cal years, even as Noah was exactly one Tropical year in the
ark,t and, as we suppose, Enoch lived exactly 365 Tropicalyears
upon Earth, then the death of Adam was upon the 23d March,
* See my Synopsis of Chronology, pp. 59, 60.
t Viz., from the 17th of the month Ijar, n. c. 3217 (Gen. vii. II.), to the
27th of the same month in the year following (Chap. viii. 14.)".

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840. 55
answering to the 14th Nisan, b. c. 4548. In this interest
ing fact, only seen by me in penning the present page of
MS., we discover apparently the reason why the Paschal
Lamb was offered, and Christ the second Adam died on the
14th Nisan; because the one in type, and the other in deed
and reality, was the substitute and atonement for Adam,
who paid the penalty due to the primeval transgression on
that very day.
If the reader of my former Works will, in all places where
the death of Adam is mentioned as occurring in b. c. 4549,
for his death, understand the last year of his life— and he, in
fact, died only 14 days after that Jewish Sacred year ex
pired — this correction will entirely rectify the former slight
error of date ; and, it will be recollected, that, in a Work of
this nature, where I perpetually tread ground before unex
plored, such corrections are inevitable, unless truth is to be
sacrificed to the reputation for consistency of the author, — a
sacrifice which, rather than make, in the smallest particular,
I would prefer that my reputation were laid in the mire.*
* There are similar corrections of 1 year as to the dates of the death of
Enos, placed, in some of my earlier Works, in B. c. 4138, and the translation
of Enoch in B. c. 3991 , whereas both events were in the years before accord
ing to my present Tables.
Some readers may think that in like manner, and upon similar principles
to those upon which I have corrected my former date of the death of Adam,
I ought also to carry my" date of the birth of Setb, from the end of the year,
b. c. 5249, to the beginning of the following year, b. c. 5248. I observe,
therefore, upon this point, that Adam begat Seth' when he was 230 years of
age (Gen. v. 3. Septuag.). Now, at the end of 230 years, I find that the
Moon is 8 i>., 19 h., 32m. slow or behind the Sun ; and since, in tbe year of
Creation, the 1st of Nisan was on March 23d, it follows that 230 years after,
viz., in B. c. 5248, the 1st of Nisan was not till the 8 days later, viz., on the
1st April. If, therefore, Adam lived exactly 230 tropical years, and begat
Seth, then the birth of Seth was on the 23d March, answering to the 21st or
22d of Adar of the sacred year, B. c. 5249 ; and, upon the same principle,
seeing that at the end of 912 years, (being the length of Seth's life,) the Moon
is slow 4 D., 3 H., the death of Seth, if his 912 years were tropical, falls out on
the 25th or 26th Adar, b. c. 4337. The dates of both events in my Tables
are, therefore, in harmony with the most exact principles of Astronomical
science.

56 THE SEASON OF THE END, AND
2d, Computing from Creation, . . b. c 5478
The fraction 2163 = 7 x 309, it terminates at the
birth of Shem  3315
The fraction 931 leads us next to a point in the
Chronology which is, from the Deluge, 17 Jubilees, and
before the death of Moses, 16 Jubilees; it is also, from
the birth of Enos, [70 x 2 = 140 Cycles of 19, or 20
Weeks of that Cycle, and before the birth of Jacob, 3
Weeks of 19 ; and therefore it is a great era in Chron
ology, being exactly 14 years from the Confusion of
tongues, ..... 2384
The fraction of 14 = 211 x 20 = 4220, ends at the
accession of Victoria, which is shown in these Tables to
be a great era, for reasons probably yet, in part, hidden
in the womb of futurity, . . • a. c 1837
3,  1840
Both of the series here given, from Creation to the present
year, do evidently present such results, that it would have been
wrong to withhold them from my readers.
The second great Mundane era being that of the Fall, B.C.
5461, was laid down by me upon principles which are fully
explained in my former Works, and they have since received
confirmation by such a body of collateral evidence from the
scientific chronology, that I cannot doubt that the date is
correctly fixed, since it is the point from which run the great
Series of the Shemittahs* and Jubilees of the National
Chronology of Israel ; also a great Series of Astronomical
Cycles arriving at the Confusion of tongues, the births of
Isaac, David, and our Lord, and ending in 1839 : and, more
over, a great Series of the Metonic Cycle, touching some of
the most important points in Mundane History, and terminat
ing in 1836. The great period of 73 Centuries, or 365 X 20,
which measures from the Fall to 1840, is, as will appear from
the explanatory remarks in the Table, most perfect. Three-
* Sabbatic years.

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840. 57
fourths of it expire in a.c. 15, when our Lord was 17 years,
the age at which Adam fell, and from the year 15 to 1840
are 365 X 5 = 1825 years. From the Fall" to the birth of
Arphaxad, b.c. 3215,; is the fraction 1123 X 2 = 2246. I
must also refer the reader, to my former Works, for the great
series of Jubilees from the Fall to the Exodus, the Birth of
David, the baptism of Christ, the fall of the French Monarchy,
and sounding of the Seventh Trumpet of the Apocalypse,
1792, and the next year, 1841.
I shall, in the third place, arrange in one great Mundane
age, the births of the six Patriarchs, from Seth to Enoch.
All these illustrious persons, were the progenitors both of
Christ and the whole world of mankind, from the Deluge to
the end of the world ; and as the great periods from their
births to 1840 are all measured by various series of trinal
fractions, I class them together. Moreover, that the birth of
Enoch is a great epoch, is marked by its Chronology in re
lation to Creation, from which it is 1121 years, or 59 Cycles
of 19.
The fourth subdivision of the ages, includes the interval
from the death of Seth, the first-born Patriarch, to the egres
sion of Noah from the ark, b.c. 3216, and like the former, it
is exactly 1121 years, or 59 Cycles; so that, from Creation to
the end of the Flood, are 2 periods of 1121 years = 2242,
separated by the interval between the birth of Enoch and the
death of Seth, 20 years, making the whole 2262 years, a
Cycle in Astronomy.
In this interval there are 9 great periods included in the
foregoing Table, whereof those from the death of Seth, the
birth of Methuselah, of Lamech, of Japhet, and Shem, and
from Noah's leaving the ark, being 6 in number, are mea
sured by series of trinal fractions ; that from the death of
Enos by 122 Jubilees ; from the translation of Enoch, 17
Weeks of the Jubilee ; and from the death of Jared, by the
Metonic Cycle.
The fifth great division of the Mundane ages is from the
birth of Arphaxad to the Confusion of tongues, being a period

58 THE SEASON OF THE END, AND
of 817 years. Of the 10 periods included in this interval,
which will be found in the Table, that from the birth of
Arphaxad, being No. 18, is measured by the Square of 19 ;
those from the birth of the second Cainan, No. 19 ; of Sa-
lah, 20; of the death of Noah, 21 ; the birth of Eber, 22 ;
his death, 25 ; and the foundation of Babel, 26 ; being 6 in
number, are measured by series of the trinal fraction : that
from the death of the second Cainan, No. 23, by the week
of the Jubilee ; from the birth of Serug, 24, by the Jubilee ;
and from the Confusion of tongues, 27, by the Cycle of 19.
It is, moreover, to be observed, that the period of 13 Weeks
of the Jubilee, from the death of the second Cainan, is also
the measure of various other great periods of Mundane
History. If computed from Noah's leaving the ark, it ar
rives at the year a. c. 1244, when Jerusalem was for the
last time taken from the Christians by the Carismians ;
from the death of Noah, b. c. 2867, it brings out a. c. 1593,
when Henry IV. of France apostatized from the Protestant
faith; from the death of Shem, it brings out the year 1745,
the date of the second Rebellion in favour of the Stuarts;
and, from the death of Arphaxad, the peace of 1783.
The sixth division of the ages is from the Confusion of
tongues, b. c. 2398, to the death of Moses, b. c. 1600, com
prehending 798 years, or 6 Weeks of the Metonic Cycle. In
the Table are 26 great eras belonging to this period, whereof
4, viz., from the death of Serug, No. 31 ; the birth of Levi,
42 ; the rearing of the Tabernacle, 52 ; and the death of
Moses, 53, are measured by the Metonic Cycle : 1 Period, viz.,
the Settlement of Jacob and his family in Goshen, No. 46,
by a Cycle in Astronomy ; and 1 being the appearance of
God to Moses at the bush, No. 50, by the Jubilee, leaving
20 periods, of which the measures are series of the Trinal
fraction. The seventh age is from the entrance of Joshua into Ca
naan, b. c 1599, (No. 54,) to the accession of Rehoboam and
the rebellion of the Ten Tribes, b. c. 990, (No. 72,) being
609 years. Within this period 19 eras will be found in the

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840. 59
table, whereof 1 period, No. 55, from the first Sabbatic year
in the promised Land, is measured by the Week of the Ju
bilee ; and 2 periods, No. 63, from Eli's administration, b. c.
1182 ; and No. 70, the accession of Solomon, are measured
by the Metonic Cycle, and the remaining 16 by the Trinal
fraction. The eighth division of the ages, is from the accession of
Rehoboam to the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchad
nezzar, b. c 588, being a period of 402 years, comprehend
ing in the Table 15 eras, whereof 8 are measured by Trinal
fractions ; 3, viz., Nos. 73, 78, and 85, by the Metonic Cycle;
1, viz., No. 75, by the Jubilee; 2, viz., Nos. 81 and 84, by
larger Cycles in Astronomy ; and 1 , viz., No. 76, by the
Square of 12.
The ninth division is from the destruction of Jerusalem
by Nebuchadnezzar to the proclamation of Cyrus, b. c. 536,
a period of 52 years, including 7 great Scriptural dates,
whereof 2 are measured by the Trinal fraction ; 3, viz., Nos.
89, 92, and 94, are measured by the Metonic Cycle ; 1, viz.,
No. 90, by the biquadrate of 7, or a Jubilee of Jubilees ; and
1, viz., No. 91, by the perfect Cycle of 2395 years.
The tenth age is from the proclamation of Cyrus to the
death, resurrection, and ascension of Christ, a. c. 33, being a
period of 568 years, wherein are included in the Table 18
eras, from No. 94 to 112, 13 being measured by series of the
Trinal fraction ; 2, viz., Nos. 97 and 105, by larger Cycles
in Astronomy; 2, viz., Nos. 104 and 111, by the Jubilee;
and 1, viz., No. 108, by the Cycle of 19.
t The eleventh great age of the World, being the whole pe
riod from Christ's ascension to 1840, is measured by one trinal
fraction, that of 42 = 1807, and is thus set before us as one
undivided age. There are, in the Table, the era itself of
Christ's death, resurrection, and ascension, being included in
the tenth subdivision of the ages, 50 great eras in this period,
from No. 113 to 162 inclusive. Of these 24 are measured by
the Trinal fraction; 11, viz., Nos. 114, 122, 125, 132, 145,
149, 155, T56, 159, 161, and 162, by the Metonic Cycle;

60 THE SEASON OF THE END, AND
6, viz.., Nos. 115, 119, 123, 124, 135, and 141, by larger
Cycles of Astronomy; 3, being Nos. 134, 139, and 147, by
the Jubilee; 3, viz., Nos. 130, 138, and 148 by 12, and its
Multiples ; and 3, viz., Nos. 140, 158, and 160, by the Bi-
quadrate, Cube, and Square of 5.
I now proceed briefly to state my reasons for believing that
this chronology clearly indicates the arrival of the season of
the end. There is a larger sense in which the word end is
used in one passage of Daniel, viz., xii. 6 and 7, to signify, as
Mede observes, the lum^i wp latter times of the Roman Em
pire, including the whole 1260 years, and also the supplemen
tary period of 75 years between the end of the 1260 and 1335
years revealed in that chapter ; and, in confirmation of this,
I have argued, in a former Work, that as the question in
Dan. viii. 13. is properly understood by writers on prophecy
to signify, " how long, shall be the whole vision as to the
" daily sacrifice," 8cc. and the question of the king in Neh.
ii. 6. How long shall be thy journey ? refers to the time the
journey of Nehemiah should occupy till his return : so the
similar question in Dan. xii. 6. How long (shall be) the end of
these wonders ?* and the answer in ver. 7, do plainly indicate
that the time, times, and a half, are the chronology of the end,
together with the supplementary period hinted at in the last
clause of the verse. In this passage of Daniel, therefore, the
word end is used in the same large sense that the similar ex
pression in comi-Kuq tui mmm, ' the end of the ages,' is, by the
Apostle, in Heb. ix. 26.
But it is in a more special sense that I now employ the
word end, understanding by it that short interval • of years,
beginning either at the descent of our Lord from heaven to
gather his elect, or at the beginning of the National restora
tion of the Jews to Palestine, whichsoever of these events
shall occur first in order (as to which I do not here express any
opinion, although in my Work on the Apocalypse I have done
so), and terminating at the end of the 1335 years of Daniel, in
the year 1867. .rmbsn yp tie iv *

scientific times of the year 1840. 61
There are various modes of subdividing the period of 75
years between the end of the 1260 and 1335 years. 1st, It
may be divided into 5 periods of 15, whereof 15 x 2 expire
at the end of the 1290 years of Daniel (xii. 11.), in 1822;
the third 15 in 1837, at which point, it will be observed by
the reader, that a very great number of the larger periods of
trinal fractions come out in the preceding Table, and where
also a period of 14 Squares of 19 terminate from the last year
of the Antediluvian World ; the fourth 15 terminates in 1852;
and the fifth in 1867. 2dly, The 75 years consist of 3 periods
of 25 ; at the end of the^rs^ of which, viz., in 1817, the
New Testament, in Hebrew, was given to the Jews, and the
evacuation of France began. The second 25 comes out in
1842, and the third in 1867. 3d, This period may be divided
into one of 10x4= 40 + 7x5 = 35 years, the 40 years
come out in 1832, the date of the expulsion of the Ottomans
from Syria, and battle of Koniah, which led in the following
year to the treaty of Kiutahia ceding Syria and Palestine to
Egypt. This year, 1832, is also the date of the English
Reform Revolution. The first 7 of the 35 expired in 1839,
the date of the battle of Nezib, whence have sprung the
great events in the East which now arrest our attention.*
But 4th, the 75 years may be divided into the Cube of 3,
(the fraction of 1) = 27 + the fraction 21 + again 33 =
27, and when thus arranged, the former 27 terminates in
1819, in which year, reckoned Scripturally, from Nisan to
Nisan, was the death of George III., the last king of Eng
land who descended to the grave leaving fts Protestant
Constitution entire, in which year also the vial of wrath
was poured out upon the financial and commercial prosperity
of England by Mr. Peel's bill for increasing the National
debt one-third, and withering the springs of Revenue. The
period of 21 ends in 1840, and therefore we are now entered
into the second and last 27 years.j
* Written in October, 1840.
t If we compute 2 periods of 27 = 54 from 1792, they arrive at 1846, also
a great Jubilean era, being 37 Jubilees from our Lord's death, resurrection,
and ascension, whence, to 1807, are 21 years.

62 THE season of the end, and
Since the year 1834, the phrenology of each successive
year has been more and more wonderful, and evidently ap
proaching to a climax. In what particular year the climax
will occur I do not venture positively to determine, because I
have found hitherto, that as often as I thought I had arrived
at the summit, to borrow the language of a traveller in an un
known and mountainous region, there have appeared higher
chains of mountains behind. Thus there are, in 1841, va
rious great chains of time. 1st, A Series of the larger Cycles
from Creation. 2dly, The Jubilean Series from the Fall —
the Exodus — the birth of David — the death of Josiah — the
first year of the liberty of Jehoiachin — the baptism of our
Lord, and the sounding of the 7th Apocalyptic Trumpet at
the expiration of the 2300 and 1260 years of Daniel in 1792;
also a great Series of the Metonic Cycle from the death
of Lamech, the birth of Judah, and of our Lord, for which
I must refer to my former Works. I therefore believe that
the year 1841 will be no less conspicuously marked by events
than it is in the chronology. By a change in the smaller
trinal fractions many of the series of fractions, of secondary
perfection, terminating in the present year, will be found also
applicable to 1841 ; yet not all, for, from the year 1837,
when so many larger periods came out in the foregoing table, '
to 1841, there is no trinal fraction ; the next fraction after
1840 being in 1843,* in which year also a great series of the
two fractions 111 and 31, multiplied into each other, = 3441,
comes out from the entrance of Joshua into Canaan — a series
of 111 x 16 = 1776 from the entrance of Vespasian into
Galilee at the head of the Roman armies, and also one of 1 1 1
X 7 from the Norman conquest of England.
In considering the whole of these facts, I am led to think
that the entrance of the main body of the returning Jews and
ten Tribes into Canaan may not be before 1843 ; but I look
* The meaning of this is, that neither 4 years nor 5 can be made out by
trinal fractions. Now, from 1837 to 1841 are 4 years, and to 1842, 5. But,
from 1837 to 1843 is the fraction 3x2, and to 1844 the fraction 7.

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840. 63
for an inchoate entrance sooner, and as being at the door;
although the circumstance of the year 1840 being a Sabbatic
year, during which, even if they were in the land, it would be
unlawful for them to plough and sow, seems to render it impro
bable that they will enter before 1841,* which is 71 Jubilees
from the Exodus, and 70 from the first Jubilee in the Pro
mised Land, b. c. 1590. I shall also add, that the years
1845 and 1846 appear to be much more conspicuously marked
in the Chronology than 1843.
But to return to the particular question when the Chrono
logy reaches the climax, it appears to me, at present, that it
is in 1840 ;t for, if the reader will compare the great Series
of trinal fractions which compose the periods expiring in
* This was written in the earlier part of the winter t>f 1840.
f As it may assist the reader to arrive at some probable solution of this
question, I shall here give a summary and condensed view of the number of
great periods coming out in the years 1838, 9, and 1840, so far as they are
traced by me in my former and present Works.
There are periods measured by the Jubilee of 49 years coming out in
1838, 11 Periods.
1839, 7 —
1840, 13 —
Periods measured by the Metonic Cycle of 19.
1838, 29
1839, 17
1840, 27
Periods measured by the larger Cycles of Astronomy.
1838, 14
1839, 26
1840, 12
Periods measured by 12, and its multiples.
1838, 4
1839, 12
1840, 4
Periods measured by 5, and its multiples.
1838,1839, 1
1840, 3

64 THE SEASON OF THE END, AND
1839* with those that come out in 1840, he will find that the
last are generally more perfect, being composed of larger frac
tions, and that fewer of the smaller fractions are used in com
pleting them. Indeed, I have, in the present Work, rejected
nearly every series, to make up which more than two or three
of the smaller fractions of different numbers are required. I
do not include in this remark periods which are composed of
complete series of the same trinal fraction as that from b. c.
331 to 1840, consisting of 31 X 70, since this series, though
composed of a small fraction, viz., 31, is most perfect.
Finally, although in the years 1836, 7, 8, and 1839, the
seeds of events, yet future, have been sown, and are germinat
ing ; ¦ yet no event has yet occurred commensurate in import
ance with the great series of time which expired in these
years, the chronology of which, therefore, even now labours
and travails in pain to bring out some stupendous crisis ; and,
as 1840 appears to be the climax, and we now enter on the
last 27 years of Daniel's Supplementary period of 75, I send
forth these sheets in the firm belief that we are actually en
tering into the season of the end ; and, in order to show what
is the nature of the chronological crisis at which we have ar
rived, I shall now state, that among the various great series of
time contained in the foregoing Table are the following, which
I shall distinguish by the letters A, B, C, D : —
A, From Creation to 1840, are 9 multiples of . 813
B, From the Fall to Do. 20 Do. of . . 365
C, From the birth of Arphaxad 14 Do. of . 361
D, From the beginning of the preaching of John the
Baptist are 37 of the Jubilee, or . .49
Periods measured by the Trinal fraction, which was not known to me when
my Work on the Chronology of 1838 was published.
1839, 44
1840, 103
Periods measured by the Week 7, and its multiples.
1839, 18
* See my Scientific Chronology of 1839, Table, p. 17 ; also Preface,
pp. 10—16, and Appendix, pp. 81—83.

SCIENTIFIC TIMES OF THE YEAR 1840. 65
Now, I find, by calculation, that the periods A and B,
cannot meet again after 1840, for a period of 296,745 years :
that A, B, and C cannot meet for a period of 107,124,945
years ; and that A, B, C, and D cannot all meet for a period
of 5,249,122,305, or more than five thousand, two hundred,
and forty-nine millions of years, by the same measures of time.
If any other argument be required to strengthen the con
clusion that we have arrived at the Climacteric of Mundane
ages, I again shall refer to the calculation in a former page,
showing that the age of the World to 1840 comes out of
Unity (1), and its Trinal fraction, 3.
To conclude, it is during this period of the end, perhaps
even at its commencement, that our Lord comes as a thief in
the night, to raise his sleeping, and change his living, and
sealed Saints who are in the flesh, — that Babylon is to fall,
— that the whole nation of Israel is to be restored, — that the
great Confederacy of the nations is to perish in Palestine, and
that the New Jerusalem is to come down from heaven, and
the kingdom of God is to be established upon earth ; and it
is this mighty chain of events for which the Saints of God
are required and warned, by all the signs of these times, and
by this chronology, forthwith to prepare, by filling their ves
sels with the oil, and by arraying themselves in the bridal
garments.

APPENDIX I.

A COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE SEPTUAGINT AND HE
BREW CHRONOLOGIES, FROM CREATION TO THE ACCES
SION OF UZZIAH, B. C. 810, SHOWING THEIR JUBILEAN
DIFFERENCE TO THE CHRISTIAN ERA AT EACH DATE.

Names and Events.

SEPTUACINT.

Hebrew.

Difference Christian

ro the
Eba.

Year
of the
World.

BeforeChrist.

Year
of the
World.

BeforeChrist.

Years.

Jubilees.

Jubs
. Yrs.
AdamCreated,{™an;|
1
5478
1
4004
1474
30
4
Adam falls,
18
5461
1
1457
29
36
Seth born,
230
5249
130
3874
1375
28
3
Enos born,
435
5044
235
3769
1275
26
1
Cainan born,
625
4854
325
3679
1175
23
48
Mahalaleel born,
795
4684
395
3609
1075
21
46
Adam dies, J "J*?™?* J
' ( 23d March, J
931
4548
930
3074
1474
30
4
Jared born,
960
4519
460
3544
975
19
44
Enoch born,
1122
4357
622
3382
975
19
44
Seth dies,
1142
4337
1042
2962
1375
28
3
Methuselah born,
1287
4192
687
3317
875
17
42
Enos dies,
1340
4139
1140
2864
1275
26
1
Lamech born,
1474
4005
874
3130
875
17
42
Enoch translated,
1487
3992
987
3017
975
19
44
Cainan dies,
1535
3944
1235
2769
1175
23
48
Noah born,
1662
3817
1056
2948
869
17
36
Mahalaleel dies,
1690
3789
1290
2714
1075
21
46
Jared dies,
1922
3557
1422
2582
975
19
44
Noah begins to build the Ark,
2142
3337
1536
2468
869
17
36
Japhet born,
2162
3317
1556
2448
869
—
—
APPENDIX I.
SEPTUAGINT AND HEBREW CHRONOLOGIES, &c.

67

Names and Events.

Septuagint.

Hebrew.

Difference to the
Christian Era.

Year
of the
World.

'Before Christ

Year
of the
World.

BeforeChrist.

Years.

Jubilees.

Jubs. Yrs.
Shem born,
2164
8315
1558
2446
869
17 36
Ham born,
2165
3314
1560
2444
870
17 37
Lamech dies.
2227
3252
1651
2353
^899
18 17
Methuselah dies,
2256
3223
1656
2348
875
17 42
The Ark finished,
2260
3219
1654
2350
869
17 36
The Flood,
2262
3217
1656
2348
869
— —
Noah leaves the Ark : the }
covenantor God with him v
and all flesh. Gen. ix. 9. J
2263
3216
1657
2347
869
— —
Arphaxad born,
2264
3215
1658
2346
869
— —
2d Cainan born,
2399
3080
Salah born,
2529
2950
1693
2311
639
13 2
Noah dies,
2612
2867
2006
1998
869
17 36
Eber born,
2659
2820
1723
2281
539
11 0
Shem dies,
2764
2715
2158
1846
869
17 36
Peleg born,
2793
2686
1757
2247
439
8 47
Arphaxad dies,
2802
2677
2096
1908
769
15 34
Cainan dies,
2859
2620
Reu born,
2923
2556
1787
2217
339
6 45
Salah dies,
2962
2517
2126
1878
639
13 2
Serug born,
8055
2424
1819
2185
239
4 43
Eber dies,
3063
2416
2187
1817
599
12 11
Babel founded,
3079
2400
1757
2247
153
3 6
Confusion of Tongues,
3081
2398
Peleg dies,
3132
2347
1996
2008
339
6 45
Nahor born,
3185
2294
1849
2155
139
2 41
Reu dies,
3262
2217
2026
1978
239
4 43
Terah born,
3264
2215
1878
2126
89
1 40
Abraham born,
3334
2145
2008
1996
149
3 2
Serug dies,
3385
2094
2049
1955
139
2 41
Nahor dies,
3393
2086
1997
2007
79
1 30
Abraham arrives at Haran,
3406
2073
2082
1922
151
3 4
68

APPENDIX I.
A COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE

Names- and Events.

Septuagint.

Heb

HEW.

difference to the
Christian Era.

Year
of the
World.

BeforeChrist.

Year
of the
World.

BeforeChrist.

Years.

Jubilees.

Jub8
Yrs.
Terah dies,
3409
2070
2082
1922
148
3
1
Abraham called,
2083 2084
19211920
149
3
2
He goes to Egypt,
3410
2069
149
Covenant of God with him. )
Gen. xv., J
3418
2061
2091
1913
148
3
1
Ishmael born,
3420
2059
2094
1910
149
3
2
The Covenant of Circum- ^
cision ; Sodom destroy- >
ed ; Conception of Isaac, )
3433
£046
2107
1897
149
"~~
Isaac born,
3434
2045
2108
1896
149
—
—
Sarah dies, aged 127,
3471
2008
2145
1859
149
—
—
Isaac's marriage,
3474
2005
2148
1856
149
—
—
Jacob born,
3494
1985
2168
1836
149
—
—
Abraham dies, 1
3509
1970
2183
1821
149
—
—
Jacob goes to Padan-aram,
3571
1908
2244
1760
.148
3
1
Reuben born when Jacob ?
was 78 years, J
3572
1907
2252
1752
155
3
8
Simeon born, Jacob 80,
3574
1905
2253
1751
154
3
7
Levi born, Jacob 81,
8575
1904
2254
1750
154
—
—
Judah born, Jacob 82,
3576
1903
2255
1749
154
—
—
Joseph born, Jacob 91,
3585
1894
2259
1745
149
3
2
Jacob returns from Padan- >
aram, j
3591
1888
2265
1739
149
—
—
He arrives at Shechem,
3592
1887
Benjamin born, Jacob 104,
3598
1881
2272
1732
149
—
—
Isaac dies,
3614
1865
2288
1716
149
—
—
Joseph stands before Pha- 7
raoh, J
3615
1864
2289
1715
149
—
—
First year of plenty,
3616
1863
148
3
1
First year of famine,
3623
1856
2296
1708
148
—
—
Jacob and family go to Egypt,
3624
1855
2298
1706
149
3
2
They settle in Goshen,
3625
1854
Famine' ended,
3630
1849
2303
1701
148
3
1
APPENDIX I. 69
SEPTUAGINT AND HEBREW CHRONOLOGIES, &c.

Naurs and Events.

Septuagint.

Hebrew.

Difference to the
Christian Era.

Year
of the
World.

BeforeChrist.

Year
of the
World.

BeforeChrist.

Years.

Jubilees.

Jubs. Yrs.
Jacob dies,
3641
1838
2315
1689
149
3 2
Amram born,
3684
1795
Joseph dies,
3695
1784
2369
1635
149
— —
Levi dies,
3712
1767
Aaron born,
3756
1723
2430
1574
149
_ _
Moses born,
3759
1720
2433
1571
149
— —
Appearance of God to)
Moses at the bush, J
3839
1640
2513
1491
149
— —
Exodus, and the Law given )
from Sinai, )
3840
1639
148
3 1
Tabernacle reared. Sin )
of Spies, J
3841
1638
2514
1490
148
— —
Miriam dies in the first"!
month, Aaron in the fifth, f
and Moses on the 7th day f
3879
1600
2553
1451
149
3 2
of the twelfth, j
Joshua enters Canaan,
3880
1599
148
3 I
Division of the lands,
3886
1593
2559
1445
148
— —
Joshua dies,
3896
1583
2577
1427
156
3 9
I. Servitude. — Cashan- )
rishathaim, 5
3907
1572
2591
1413
159
3 12
Othniel judge. Rest 40)
years, j
3915
1564
2599
1405
159
— —
II. Servitude. — Eglon )
king of Moab 18 years, - $
3955
1524
2662
1342
182
3 35
Ehud and then Shamgar. )
Rest 80 years, J
8973
1506
2679
1325
181
3 34
III. Servitude. — Jabin ^
king of Canaan and Si- >
4053
1426
2699
1305
121
2 23
sera, 20 years, J
Deborah and Barak judges. )
Rest 40 years, J
4073
1406
2719
1285
121
2 23
IV. Servitude. — Midian 7 )
years, J
4113
1366
2752
1252
114
2 16
Gideon judge. Rest 40 )
years, J
4120
1359
2759
1245
114
— —
70

APPENDIX I.
A COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE

Names and Events.

Septuagint.

Hebrew.

Difference to the
Christian Era.

Year
of the
World,

Before Christ.

Year
of the
World.

Before Christ

Years.

Jubilees.

Jubs. Yre.
Abimelech judge 3 years,
4160
1319
2769
1235
84
1 35
Tolah, 23 years,
4163
1316
2772
1232
84
1 35
Jair, 22 years,
4186
1293
2789
1215
78
1 29
V. Servitude. — Amnion- ~)
ites and Philistines, 18?-
4208
1271
2799
1205
66
1 17
years, j
Jephthah, 6 years,
4226
1253
2817
1187
66
— —
Ibzan, 7 years,
4232
1247
2823
1181
66
— —
Elon, 10 years,
4239
1240
2830
1174
66
— —
Abdon, 8 years,
4249
1230
2840
1164
66
— —
VI. Servitude—Philistines, »
40 years, 20 of which >
4257
1222
2848
1156
66
— —
Samson was judge, j
Eli, judge 40 years,
4297
1182
2848
1156
26
0 26
VII. Servitude. — Philis- ^
tines. Ark at Kirjath- >
4337
1142
2888
1116
26
— —
jearim, 20 years, j
Samuel judges 12 years,
4357
1122
2908
1096
26
— —
Saul, king 40 years,
4369
1110
2909
1095
15
0 15
His 3d year, 1 Sam. xiii. 1.
4371
1108
2911
1093
15
— —
David born,
4379
1100
2919
1085
15
— —
Reigns in Hebron,
4409
1070
2949
1055
15
— —
Reigns in Jerusalem,
4416
1063
2956
1048
15
— —
He brings the Ark to)
Zion, 5
4419
1060
2959
1045
15
— —
Solomon, king,
4449
1030
2989
1015
15
— —
Temple founded,
4452
1027
2992
1012
15
— —
Temple finished,
4459
1020
3000
1005
15
— —
Temple dedicated,
4460
1019
3001
1004
15
— —
1st Passover in Temple,
4461
1018
3001
1003
15
— —
God appears to Solomon ^
the 2d time, 1 Kings ix. >
4469
1010
3009
992
18
0 18
1—10. j
Rehoboam, 17 years, ' Ten )
tribes revolt, }
4489
990
3029
975
15
0 15
APPENDIX I.
SEPTUAGINT AND HEBREW CHRONOLOGIES, &c.

71

Names and Events.

Septuagint.

Year
of the
World.

Difference to the
Christian Era.

BeforeChrist

Jeroboam in Israel, 23 )
years, J
Abijah in Judah, 3 years,
Asa in Judah, 41 years,
Nadab in Israel,
Baasha in Israel, 23 years,
Elah in Israel,
Zimri and Omri in Israel, )
10 years, 5
Ahab in Israel, 22 years,
Jehoshaphat in Judah, 25 )
years, J
Ahaziah in Israel, 2 years,
Elijah translated,
Joram in Israel, 12 years,
Jehoram in Judah, 6 years,
Ahaziah in Judah, 1 year,
Queen Athaliah in Judah, )
6 years, J
Jehu in Israel, 28 years,
Jehoash in Judah, 40 years,
Jehoahaz in Israel, 1 7 years,
Joash in Israel, 16 years,
Amaziah in Judah, 29 years,
Jeroboam II. in Israel, 41 )
years, j
Interregnum in Judah, 12)
years,* J
Uzziah in Judah, 52 years,

4489
4506 450945114512
4535
4536
454645504568
45694570
45754581
4582

4588 4610
46274628
4643-46574669

990
973 970968967
944
943
933 929
911
910
909
904
898
897

891
869852
851836822810

Year
of the
World.

30293046 30493050
3051
3074
30753086
3090 3107
3108

31153119
3120

31263148
3165

3179 0
3194

Before
Christ

975958955
954 953
930
929
918 914
897
896
889885
884
878
856
839

825 0
810

Years.

15
15151414
14
14
1515
14
14
13
15
1313
1313
131211

Jubilees.

Jubs. Yrs.
0 15

14

— 15

— 14

13
15
13

0 12
0 11

• If, with Clemens of Alexandria and Theophilus, we make the reign of Ama
ziah 39 instead of 29 years, as their copies of the Septuagint evidently must have
done, which also, I am convinced, was the true length of his reign, then the
interregnum was only 2 years. See on this point my Synopsis of Chronology,
pp. 21, 22.

72 APPENDIX I.
I have some short remarks to make respecting the foregoing
Table : — 1. The difference to the Christian era, is the differ
ence of the two Chronologies at each date, which is known
by subtracting the year Before Christ of the Hebrew from that
of the Greek. If the reader desires to know the difference at
each date in Metonic Cycles, by dividing the sum of differ
ence in years, by 19, he will obtain it. 2. Jacob's years, when
he had his children, are his age, as stated in my Table of the
Septuagint Chronology. According to the dates in the
Hebrew, he was 84 years at the birth of Reuben. 3. The
years of the reigns and administrations in the 1st column, viz.
that of " Names and Events," are the number of years in
the Septuagint Chronology of each administration or reign,
from which the Hebrew will be found widely to differ, though
in some cases the differences are of secondary importance.
Thus I make the reigns of Zimri and Omri in Israel 10 years
complete, and that of Ahab 22 years. Usher makes the for
mer 11 years, and the reign of Ahab 21 years; but 10 + 22
= 11 + 21 = 32. These minor differences arise from the
years of the kings of Israel, being given in, current time, not,
however, those of Judah, by which the Chronology is mea
sured. The adjustment of these reigns of Judah and Israel
will be found in my Chronology of Israel, Chap. III. See
Table in pp. 20, 21, of that Work; and as to the principles
of computing the reigns and administrations, see the Preface
to that Work, pp. ix — xii. It is satisfactory to me to add,
that Mr. Clinton and I agree to a year in the period from the
accession of Rehoboam to that of Queen Athaliah, which we
both make 93 years.
I shall, finally, inform the reader, that I deemed it unne
cessary to carry down the Table lower than the year when
the two Chronologies meet at a common point, since the
whole Chronology, from B.C. 810 to 1837, will be found in
my Synopsis.

APPENDIX II.

A- DISSERTATION ON THE DATES OF THE NATIVITY AND PASSION.
The readers of this, and my former Works, will have seen
that I place the birth of Christ in the year b.c. 3, and his
death at the date universally received by all our ablest chro
nologers for some centuries past, viz., a. c. 33.
There is, however, a very learned Work which I had not
met with when my Scheme of Chronology was first given to
the public, in which the Nativity is placed in the year b. c.
4, being its usually received date, and the Passion in a.c. 30.
Its title is given in the Note at the bottom of the page;* and
I have now, for the first time, employed a few days of com
parative leisure since the last part of these sheets went to the
press, in examining the arguments by which the learned au
thor upholds these dates.
I shall, in introducing my remarks upon them, lay down
two great chronological data upon which it appears to
me that the true determination of the dates of our Lord's
birth and death depends ; and, let it be observed in the out
set, that the elements of the Scriptural Chronology are to be
found in the Scriptures themselves, and it is derogatory to
their supreme authority to suppose, that they are to be sought
for chiefly in the contradictory testimonies of secular or eccle
siastical writers, and of coins a great part of which are forgeries ;
* Dissertations upon the Principles and Arrangement of an Harmony of the
Gospels. By Edward Gresswell, B. D., Fellow of Corpus Christi College,
Oxford. K

74 APPENDIX II  ON THE DATES
or, if genuine, are often of doubtful import. It is not, how
ever, denied, that where the Scripture is silent, all these
auxiliaries are to be consulted in fixing the times : —
DATA.
I. That the beginning of the ministry of John, and the
baptism of Christ, were in the fifteenth year of the reign
of Tiberius, and that Jesus was then about, or within, some
weeks or months of thirty years of age, Luke iii. 1, 23.
And that the 15th year of Tiberius is to be fixed according
to the universally received computation of the years of his
reign by all ancient authors, whether Christian or Pagan.
II. That our Lord suffered at the Passover upon a Fri
day, and, afterhis personal ministry had continued at least 3
years, computed from his baptism ; and, as the Passover was
always kept at the full moon, or the day before, we are
compelled to fix his death in a year, when the Passover Full
Moon fell upon Friday or Saturday.
Now, that the reign of Tiberius was reckoned from the
death of Augustus, in August, a. c 14, that year being
counted his first, is the unanimous voice of all history, nor
have the advocates of the opposite view, ever yet produced an
authentic testimony, to show that there was any other com
putation of his reign. It is, therefore, nothing to the purpose
that they tell us, that Augustus, two years before his death,
assumed him as his colleague in the empire with equal au
thority. This is not the question at issue, nor do we mean
now to enter into it. The point in debate is simply, whether
there be any authentic testimony from history to show, that
the years of the reign of Tiberius were computed from any
point of time before the death of Augustus. Now, the si
lence of our opponents as to this fact, affords conclusive evi
dence against their theory ; and, indeed, were they to reason
consistently with their own principle, they would, at once,
reckon the reign of Tiberius from his partnership in the tri-
bunitial authority, as the authors of certain spurious acts
of Pilate appear to have done, who, counting apparently from

OF THE NATIVITY AND PASSION. 75
the years of his Tribuneship, placed the Passion in the 7th of
his reign,* which was the 20th of the tribunitial power ;
and this perversion, we may conjecture, was founded on the
authentic tradition that our Lord suffered in the 20th year of
the reign of Tiberius.
The 15th year of Tiberius was, therefore, a.c. 28, and
counting back from it 30 years, we arrive at b. c. 3 as the
Scriptural date of the Nativity ; and all the volumes
which have been written to remove it from this date, as they
have arisen from the lax and sceptical views of our learned
men as to the fulness of the inspiration of the Scriptures, and
their disposition rather to doubt the accuracy of St. Luke
than the veracity of Josephus, so have they produced nothing
but erudite confusion.
In the next place, from the year 28 to 34, the only Pass
over Full Moon which falls on a Friday or Saturday is that
of the year 33, upon Friday, April 1st, N. S., or 3d O. S.
That of 29 falls on Sunday, April 15th, N. S., or 17th O. S.;
of 30 on Thursday, April 4th, N. S., or 6th O. S. ; that of
31 on Tuesday, March 25th, N. S., 27th O.S.; that of 32
on Monday, April the 12th, N. S., or 14th O. S. ; that of 33
on Friday, April 1st, N. S., or 3d O. S. ; and that of 34 on
Thursday, April 20th, N. S., or 22d O. S. ; and thus the
death of our Lord is pinned down to the 1st of April, N. S.
of the year 33, according to the voice of all Chronologers for
some centuries past, with the exception of Sir Isaac Newton
and Dr. Hales, including the names of Usher, Whiston,
Prideaux, Isaac Vossius, Kennedy, Lloyd, Calmet, Helvicus,
L'Art de Verifier les Dates, Bedford, &c. The date of
Hales, viz., 31, is, for the reason already given, viz., that the
Paschal Full Moon fell on Tuesday, at once refuted. It is
true, Hales himself tell us that there is sometimes a variation
of a day or two in computations of the day of the week ; and
that " the above Full Moon might have happened on a
Thursday."! This, however, is a mistake. The number of
" Greswell, vol. i. p. 441.
f Hales, vol. i. p. 65. Perhaps Hales confounded March 27th, N. S., with

76 APPENDIX II  ON the dates
days in a given number of Lunations is as certainly known
from our Tables as in a given number of Tropical years, and
calculating backwards from the ascertained dates of the New
and Full Moons in our own times, we must arrive at the ex
act days of New and Full Moons in the age that our Lord
appeared. I have, on this principle, computed the whole of
the dates of the Paschal Full Moons in the foregoing years,
and have, in order to prevent mistakes, made each calculation
from two or three different dates.* We may, for these rea
sons, reject also the dates of Sir Isaac Newton and Mr.
Greswell, since both in the years 30 and 34 the Passover
must have begun upon our Wednesday evening, and ended
upon Thursday .f
• As I intend, however, to investigate more, particularly the
reasoning of Mr. Greswell, I proceed in the meanwhile
to apply another test to try the accuracy of the date, which
has been fixed as the true chronology of the Passion, viz.
a. c 33.
the same date O. S. Now, the former does come out in the year 31 upon a
Thursday ; but it is 2 days after the Full Moon.
* Let it also be observed, that the year 28 being fixed as that of our Lord's
Baptism, his Passion could not, even on the principles of Mr. Greswell him
self, be dated sooner than 3 years from that date, viz., the year 31 ; so that,
were it possible that the Passover of the year 30 could have occurred on
Friday, as he labours to show, it would not fix the Passion in that year.
f Sir Isaac, indeed, tells us that the Jews, when the 1st of Nisan fell upon
certain days of the Week, were wont to postpone the Passover one day.
This, however, was not according to the law, and we cannot think that
our Lord would sanction it by his example. I may here add, that the basis
of Sir Isaac's erroneous computation is, that he dates the year, A. c. 15, and
not 14, as the 1st of Tiberius, and thus makes the year 29 instead of 28, the
15th of his reign ; whence, reckoning 5 Passovers, he arrives at 34 as the
year of the Passion. Perhaps, however, the best answer to Sir Isaac New
ton's assertion is, that 1803 years, a Cycle in Astronomy, at the end of
which the Moon is slow about 9 h , 45 m. , being computed from a. c. 34,
arrives at 1837; and, as the number of Lunations in it, 22,300, contains ex
actly 94,046 weeks of days and 3 hours, it follows that, in 1837, the days of
the Week of the New and Full Moons exactly correspond with those of
the year 34. Now, the Jewish Almanack, of the year 1837, makes the
Passover upon the day of the Full Moon Thursday, 20th April, beginning
the evening before.

OF THE NATIVITY AND PASSION. 77
We know from the Gospel history, that Herod the Great
died at some interval after the birth of Christ, but how long,
we cannot determine without the aid of the text of Josephus.
Dr. Lardner, in his Credibility, has, by an analysis of the whole
narrative of this writer, arrived at the conclusion that an in
terval of not more than a-year-and-a-half elapsed from the
Nativity to the death of Herod, and in my Supplementary
Dissertation to the Fulness of the Times, I have offered solid
reasons for placing at least 2 years between these events — add
to which, all the ancients without exception assign even a
longer interval. If, therefore, the foregoing date of our Lord's
Nativity be correct, the death of Herod ought to come out not
less than 2 years later.
Josephus, moreover, informs us that in the year of his last
illness and death, certain persons, who on a report getting
abroad that the king was actually dead, had destroyed the
Golden Eagle erected by him above the gate of the temple,
were tried by his orders at Jericho, and burned to death, and
in the night of their execution there was an eclipse of the
Moon* Now there was a lunar eclipse visible at Jerusalem,
on the 14th March, b.c. 4. — In b.c. 3 and 2 there were no
eclipses visible, but on the 10th Januaiy, b. c. 1, the Moon
was again visibly eclipsed, and as the eclipse was central and
total, it is a much more remarkable one than that of March,
b. c. 4 — when only a part of the Lunar disk was obscured
not more than 6 Digets.
Usher and his followers have fixed upon the first of these
eclipses, viz., that of March, b. c. 4, as the one which occurred
on the night of the burning of the Rabbis, and they place the
death of Herod in the month of November following. — But
from the narrative of Josephus, it has been made evident by
other writers, that Herod's death was a short time before the
Passover, and not at the season fixed by Usher ; and it also
appears, that -the various circumstances which occurred accord
ing to that narrative, between the burning of the Rabbis and
the Passover, could not have filled a shorter interval than two
* Antiq. B. xviii.

78 APPENDIX II  ON THE DATES
months. — For these reasons, it is quite apparent that the
eclipse of March 12, b. c. 4, "which occurred only 29 days be
fore the Passover, (falling in that year on April 10th, O.S.,)
does not answer to the one spoken of by Josephus ; and as Mr.
Greswell accords with me in these conclusions, it is not ne
cessary for me to enter into the proof of them, which will be
found in my former writings.*
On the other hand, between the total Lunar eclipse of
January 10th, b.c 1, and the Passover of that year, which
fell upon the 7th April, O. S., there is an interval of 2 months
and 28 days, which is quite sufficient for all the circumstances
recorded in the narrative of the Jewish historian. By this
eclipse, which we certainly conclude to be the one mentioned
by Josephus, we therefore pin down the death of Herod to
b. c. 1, in March, and 2 years after the Nativity — and in en
tire harmony with our former conclusions.
It has already been said, however, that Mr. Greswell lays
down the date of the Nativity in b.c. 4, and- of the Passion
in a. c. 30. How, then, does he proceed in endeavouring to
establish these dates ?
He first assumes, upon the testimony of Josephus (in Antiq.
xv. xi. 1.), that Herod began to rebuild the Temple in the
18th year of his reign, answering to b. c. 20.f Hence he cal
culates the 46 years mentioned in John ii. 20, to the year a. c.
27, which he makes the date of our Lord's first Passover; and
if so, reckoning back 30 years, the Nativity is necessarily fixed
by him in the year b. c. 4, seeing that, according to his view,
our Lord was baptized only about two months before the Pass
over. But Josephus tells us in that passage of his Antiqui
ties, not that Herod began the work, but only made the pro
posal in his 18th year, to rebuild the Temple, and promised
not even to begin the pulling down of the old edifice till he
had prepared all the materials for the new. Accordingly, he
set to work 1,000 waggons, and 10,000 workmen, and had
some of the priests instructed as stone-cutters and carpenters,
* Fulness, of the Times, Chap, iii., Sect. ii. and Supp. Diss. Chap. i.
t Vol. i. pp. 240, 241, 247. With Usher and Prideaux, I take it to be
the 18th complete, or I9th current of Herod, B. c. 19.

OF THE NATIVITY AND PASSION. 79
in order that they might execute the building ; and when these
preparations (which, according to Usher and Prideaux, took
two years, and they could not have taken less,) were complet
ed, then, and not before, he began the rebuilding of the sacred
edifice. This was in his 21st year, from which computing 46
current years, we arrive at a. c. 29, the date of our Lord's first
Passover being the year after his baptism, which we place in
the Summer, probably at Pentecost 28. This, which is called
by Mr. Greswell, the "palmary argument for determining the
year when our Lord entered upon his ministry," is thus, in
the scheme of this learned divine, founded upon the mistake
of fixing the beginning of the rebuilding of the Temple by
Herod more than two years before its real date — and either
misconceiving or misinterpreting the testimony of his own
authority, Josephus.
It is impossible for me, in these few remarks, to go through
the whole of the argument of the learned writer in his 5th and
6th Dissertations, to prove that the death of Herod was in u. c.
751, b. c. 3 ; nor is it necessary that I should do so, as I have
gone over the same ground in the 3d Chapter of my Fulness
of the Times, and in considering what I then thought the
authentic testimony of Josephus, it is singular that in the 1st
Section of that Chapter, I arrived at the precise conclusion of
Mr. Greswell, viz. that Herod died in b. c. 3 ;* and it was
not till I began to compose the 2d Section, that I discovered
that Josephus has corrupted the whole Chronology of the
reigns of Herod and Archelaus, and was compelled to reject
his testimony, and fix the death of Herod at the date, already
mentioned, b. c. l.f
As to Mr. Greswell's argument, from the date of the death
of Philip the Tetrarch, in the 20th of Tiberius, I must refer
to the reasons offered in the Supplementary Dissertation to
my Fulness for placing it in the 22d of Tiberius ;% and in
answer to his conclusions, from the Coin of Cassarea Philippi
bearing date u. c. 751, b. c. 3,§ I shall refer to a most im-
' Fulness of the Times, p. 70. t Ibid. pp. 85—104.
t Sup. Diss. p. 22. § Gresswell, vol. i. p. 277.

80 APPENDIX II.  ON THE DATES
portant fact brought to light by Eckhel, in his 3d volume,
which now lies open before me, and I am indebted to Mr.
Greswell for having called my attention to the passage. —
Gabinius, who was Consul at Rome in u. c. 696, was in the
following year, u. c. 697, appointed President of Syria, and
signalized his administration by ordering many ruined cities
to be rebuilt. — To commemorate this event, coins were struck,
bearing two dates, one of which is referred by Eckhel to
the year u. c. 696* (b. c. 58). Now, this year is not the
date of the order of Gabinius for rebuilding the ruined cities,
but the year before, viz. that of the Consulship of Gabinius,
in compliment to whom that date may have been stamped on
the coins of Ascalon — In like manner, as this coin was ante
dated, we may conjecture that the coins of Caesarea Philippi,
and other cities, which bear date u.c. 751, may have been
antedated either in compliment to Varus, the friend and patron
of Philip,t or with reference to Philip's own administration of
the Tetrarchy before the death of his father ; and at any rate,
when we discover that the principle of antedating events or
epochs, is to be traced in ancient coins, it shows how danger
ous it is to reason from them in reference to Scriptural Chro
nology. We now come to the manner in which Mr. Greswell dis
poses of the eclipse which, as we have seen, Josephus places
on the night of the execution of the Rabbis, a short time
before the death of Herod. Having already, to his own
satisfaction, and, as he thinks, unanswerably proved that the
death of Herod was in the spring of u. c. 751, b.c 3, Mr.
Greswell first rejects the eclipse of 13th March, b. c 4, upon
the same grounds that I have done in my Fulness of the
Times, viz., that its date cannot be reconciled to the narra
tive of Josephus. And then, as to the second eclipse, on the
20th January, b. c. 2, which the learned writer has found in
the tables, it is also mentioned by me, but it was invisible at
* The coin in question, bears the dates u. c. 696 and 751, according to Eck-
hel's explanation of the numbers.
f Josephus, Antiq. xvii. xi. 1.

OF THE NATIVITY AND PASSION. 81
Jerusalem;* while the eclipse of the 10th January, b.c. 1,
which I have made the basis of my calculation of the date of
Herod's death, is not mentioned by Mr. Greswell. How
ever, the principles upon which he rejects the eclipse of Jan
uary 20, b. c. 2, are equally applicable to the one upon which
my calculation is founded. " The true period of the death of
" Herod," " was the middle of March, u. c. 751, seven or eight
"weeks after the 20th of January, and probably about as
" long after the execution of the Sophists. Now, if this
" execution happened at the same time before the middle of
" March, u.c 751, as the eclipse, January 20, did before the
"middle of March, u.c. 752, it is not impossible that Jose-
" phus might confound two things together, and describe
" them as happening in conjunction, though they really hap-
" pened a year asunder." "It is possible even that when
" Josephus made this observation, in respect to the eclipse,
"he did not exactly recollect that Herod died in u.c. 751,
"and not in u.c. 752." — Greswell, vol. I., p. 314.
We have before seen that the testimony of Josephus, as to
Herod's proposal, in the 18th year of his reign, to rebuild
the Temple, is not only pressed into the service of Mr.
Greswell's system, but that he actually strains it to a sense
it will not bear, as if its import had been, that the building
was begun that very year, instead of the preparations for it.
Here, on the other hand, where Josephus records the simple fact
of an eclipse, on the night of the burning of the Rabbis, it is
without hesitation rejected, because it would utterly subvert
his own date of the death of Herod. Instead of trying his
system by his authorities, he therefore tries his authorities by
his system, and in this way a writer may, to his own complete
satisfaction, establish just what he pleases.
Josephus is not, indeed, always a safe guide, for I have
* Fulness of the Times, p. 91. I myself calculated this eclipse, and found
it came out January 20th, at Oh., 2m., that is, about noon. In L'Art de
Verifier les Dates, from which apparently Mr. Greswell has taken it, the
time is given at 0 et 1 qu. s., that is, a quarter past 12 afternoon, which makes
it invisible in Jerusalem. Mr. Greswell has apparently misunderstood the
note of time. L

82 APPENDIX II.  ON THE DATES
myself shown that his double reckoning of the reign of Herod
is a forgery, and that he has corrupted the whole chronology
of the reigns of Herod and Archelaus, and also that his whole
scheme of sacred chronology is manufactured for the purpose
of veiling the true times of the world, and thereby puzzling
and perplexing the Christians in their calculations ; and yet it
has been also demonstrated by me, that when the key to his
system is found, it really contains, hid under a veil of mystery,
the true chronology.* Great discrimination is, therefore,
necessary in the perusal of his . writings. Yet he does not
always mislead, for if he did, we must throw him aside as
utterly worthless. Now, as to the fact of the eclipse, on the
night of the execution of the Rabbis, it is as well worthy of
implicit credit as any thing that he has written. The occur
rence of a total Lunar eclipse, with 1 hour and 40 minutes of
total darkness,] in the very night when this cruel execution
took place, was in itself calculated to make a deep impression
on the minds of men in an age when eclipses were looked
upon as indications of the divine displeasure ; and we may,
therefore, easily account for its having been noted by con
temporary historians, from whom Josephus, doubtless, took
the record. This eclipse, recorded by Josephus himself, forms
also the foundation of the argument by which the whole of
his forged chronology of the reign of Herod is overthrown ;
and we may discern in the fact of its having been recorded,
the ordination of Divine Providence, for the end of establish
ing, on the basis of astronomical science, as well as the testi
mony of St. Luke, the chronology of the Gospel history.
No writer has questioned the authenticity of this passage of
Josephus before Mr. Greswell, nor will his statement respect
ing it be for a moment listened to by any discerning and im
partial inquirer.
Let us, in the next place, proceed to inquire how this learned
* See my Fulness of the Times, Part II., also Preface to my Synopsis of
Chronology, wherein it is shown that his true Mundane era is the same as my
own, minus 6 years in the generation of Lamech when he begat Noah. I
have since found that he held even these 6 years.
t See Letter of Professor Henderson, Fulness of the Times, p. 106, Note.

OF THE NATIVITY AND PASSION.

83

divine disposes of the testimony of St. Luke, that the beginning
of the ministry of John and the baptism of Christ were in the
fifteenth year of Tiberius. " If," says he, " the time of the
" death of Herod was truly in the spring of u. c 751," b. c. 3,
" the difficulty connected with the literal construction of Luke
" iii. 1, compared with iii. 23, becomes apparent." The diffi
culty is simply this, that according to Mr.Greswell's dates of the
nativity and death of Herod, our Lord must have been 31 in
stead of 30 years of age in the 15th of Tiberius, as generally
or rather universally, understood by all ancient writers — But
under the plastic hand of Mr. Greswell this difficulty speedily
disappears ; it " is more seeming than real," we must " have
" recourse to the literal construction of the words of St. Luke,
" according to which the fifteenth year of the iyt/tmx (reign)
" of Tiberius can never be shown to denote his sole and ex-
" elusive supremacy as bearing date only after the death of
" Augustus." The word, therefore, might be used to denote
a divided as well as an undivided supremacy, and the years be
dated accordingly. Mr. Greswell next resorts, to the old
expedient of the assumption of Tiberius to the partnership of
theimperial authority, two years before the death of Augustus,
and argues that St. Luke, from his scrupulous regard to truth,
could not call that the thirteenth which he knew to be his
fifteenth. Therefore, by the fifteenth he really meant the-
thirteenth, according to universal acceptation.
Now, to this fable we answer, that St. Luke, in writing to
his contemporaries, must have intended to be understood, and
not misunderstood. How, then, was he understood by all
antiquity ? Why, without one clear and unequivocal excep
tion, all the primitive writers computed the 15th of Tiberius
from the death of Augustus, a.c. 14, or the year following.
Eusebius, also, in his Chronicon, (Armenian copy,) p. 263,
places the baptism of Christ in the 1st year of the 202d
Olympiad, which he identifies with the 15th of Tiberius,
reckoning his reign, theiefore, from the year after the death
of Augustus, a. c. 15.
In the next place, let us see how Josephus reckons the

84 APPENDIX II.  ON THE DATES
byi/tm* reign of Tiberius. He says, Antiq. xviii. ii. 2.
" After him came Annius Rufus, under whom died Caesar
" (Augustus), the second emperor of the Romans, the dura-
" tion of whose reign, «££«;, was fifty-seven years, besides six
" months and two days," (of which time Antony ruled, toge
ther with him, fourteen years,) but the duration of his life
was seventy-seven years : iieiiixiTa' ^l Tv K«r«gi t»» nyi^onm TiGipos
nsj»», — " but Tiberius Nero succeeded Csesar in the govern
ment." Again, in Jewish War, ii. ix. 1, he writes: ^raicums
Ss u$ TiGtgiov tov lovXias oiov t«s Ycafiatuv iiytfAOViKS fAirtt, too AvyovtrTov tiXivtw, 
" but the Roman empire having been translated to Ti-
" berius, the son of Julia, after the death of Augustus."
Now, we ask, what confirmation is to be found here of the
idle figment of a joint imperial power of Tiberius with Augus
tus ? In the former passage, especially where the joint rule
of Antony with Augustus is mentioned, we might have ex
pected explicit mention of Tiberius's partnership in the
empire, had its existence been known.
I shall, in the next place, quote from the Tables of Mr.
Clinton the titles of Augustus and Tiberius, as they appear
in the Fasti Capitolini, in two different years, proving that,
during the last five or six years of Augustus, and down to
the year before his death, there was no change of style or
title as to the powers and dignities of Tiberius. In u. c
761, a. c. 8, the titles of both are as follows :
Augustus  Imp. Csesar Divi f. Augustus pon. .. tr. pot. xxx.
Tiberius  T. Csesar Augusti f. Divi n. tribun. potest, ix.
In u. c 766, a. c. 13.
Imp. Csesar Divi f. Augustus pont. max. tr. pot. xxxv.
Ti. Csesar Augusti f. Divi n. tr. pot. xiiii.
And thus it is demonstrated, that, in the last of these years,
Tiberius had no new power and title ; and we dismiss, as a
fable, the computation of the supposed years of his conjunct
reign with Augustus, of which also no mention is found in
Eusebius or Syncellus, or by Theophylus or Clement, in

OF THE NATIVITY AND PASSION. 85
their Chronological enumerations of the Roman emperors,
nor does Mr. Clinton appear to notice it.
Mr. Greswell, in a subsequent Dissertation, produces a
mass of quotations from the Fathers, scarcely any two of
whom entirely agree, to prove that they nearly all held that
our Lord's death was in one of the years 29 or 30, or some
of them in 31 ; yet, with respect to some of his witnesses, he
is obliged to exclaim, " So little solicitous do these writers
" seem to have been about verifying their dates, before they
" allowed them to remain on record !" * If he were to give
us an hundred volumes of such passages, to wade through
which is merely wading through a mass of contradictions,
they can avail nothing against the unequivocal testimony of
St. Luke, that in the 15th of Tiberius f our Lord was 30
years of age, and was, therefore, born in b.c 3, and the
other fact, founded on the unerring principles of Astronomy,
that from the year 28 to 33 no Passover could possibly have
fallen on a Friday ; and, therefore, the death of our Lord is
pinned down to April 1st, 33, N. S., or 3d, O. S.
As to the Acts of Pilate, upon which this learned person
lays so much stress, they, it seems, placed the Passion in the
16th of Tiberius, which (inconsistently with his own former
computation of the 15th as being u.c. 781,) he identifies with
u. c. 783, t a. c 30, let a very few remarks suffice. These
Acts give, it appears, the various and discordant dates of the
18th and 20th, and 23d and 25th March, as the day when
our Lord suffered. § Now, neither in the year 29 nor 30,
was the Passover in March at all, but in April : || if, there
fore, Mr. Greswell has rightly interpreted their testimony, it
bears imposture on its very face. % There is reason, however,
* Greswell, vol. iii. p. 613.
t As to the 15th Tiberius, Mr. Greswell appears inconsistent with him
self; in vol. i. p. 335, he reckons it truly v. c. 781, but in vol. iii. p. 610 and
612, it is made u. c. 782. It is impossible to wade through the four volumes
of this prolix writer to discover the cause of this.
X Greswell, vol. i. p. 456. § Ibid. vol. i. p. 328.
|| See above, p. 75.

86 APPENDIX II.  ON THE DATES
to suspect that the learned author has fallen into a mistake as
to the meaning of his own authorities, and that these Acts
really intended to fix the Passion on the 25th March, N. S.,
or 27th O. S. 31, u. c. 784, which actually was a Passover.
But here, also, they are convicted of gross falsehood, since
that day fell not on Friday but Tuesday. It is, indeed, a
hard matter for any successfully to lie against the truth of
the Scriptures, as these Acts do, or to pervert the testimony
of the Scriptures.
A few concluding remarks are still called for. From Mr.
Greswell's dates of the Nativity, b. c. 4, and Passion, a. c
30, it follows, that the Seventy Weeks of Daniel, computed
from the 7th of Artaxerxes, b. c. 458, do not come out at all
at the death of Christ, nor even does a single Septenary ol
this period come out either at the Nativity or Passion. What,
then, is the theory of the learned divine as to the 70 Weeks?
He supposes, as some have done before him, that the half
week is an additional period over and above the Seventy;
and, therefore, that the whole period amounts to 493^ years ;
but, in distributing its different parts, he follows a plan which
must be confessed to possess, to say the least, the character
of originality ; but whether it be an originality of order and
symmetry, or a singularity of confusion, I shall leave the
reader to judge for himself.
Mr. Greswell dates the whole period correctly from the
Spring of . . . . . B. c. 458
Thence he computes 69 weeks, = 483 years, which
come out in reality in the Spring of a. c. 26, but in the
system of the learned writer they are made to arrive at
the Scenopegia (Feast of Tabernacles), . a. c. 26
whereby he exceeds the period nearly 6 months, and his
483 years become 483^. How, then, does he account
for the extra 6 months ? Having first apparently com
menced the 69 weeks from the Spring, i. e. 1st Nisan,
when Ezra set out on his journey, Ezra vii. 9, he after
wards corrects this reckoning, and computes these weeks
as commencing critically about the feast of Tabernacles,

OF THE NATIVITY AND PASSION. 87
that is, 2 months and a half after Ezra arrived at Jeru
salem.* But he herein violates the Prophetic record,
which begins the Sixty-nine, not from the arrival of any
of God's people at Jerusalem, but from the going forth
of the commandment,] or decree, of the king, which most
probably would, according to Oriental customs, receive
the Royal Seal on the day that Ezra set out, or the day
before. He dates the extra half week from the autumn of 26,
at the supposed beginning of the ministry of John, the
duration of which he limits to 6 months, and this half
week, or 3£ years, he brings out at the Passion in
Nisan, . . . . . . a. c. 30
Thence he computes the remaining one week, or 7
years, as terminating at the appointment of the Deacons,
Acts vi., ..... 37
But the learned writer has another, and second, computa
tion of the 69 weeks, = 483 years, from b. c. 409, (which,
be it observed, is 7 Weeks, or 1 Jubilee, from the Decree of
Artaxerxes, b. c. 458,) to the year a. c. 75, when he dates
the termination of all the transactions of the Jewish War at
the destruction of the Jewish Temple erected in Egypt by
Onias ; and to establish this date, which exceeds the reckon
ing of Usher and the Universal History at least 2 years, the
learned divine toils hard, in attempting to reconcile the con
flicting statements and numbers of Josephus, and in endea
vouring to establish a date for the erection of that Temple
b. c. 169, which is 20 years earlier than the nearly concur
rent testimony of Usher arfd Prideaux fixes for \t.% As I do
not mean to enter into the argument by which this date is
attempted to be upheld, and this double application of the
prophetic weeks, I shall leave the intelligent reader to form
his own conclusions upon them. But as it will be expected
that I should briefly state my own views of this celebrated

* Greswell, vol. ii. p. 17. t Dan. ix. 25.
\ Greswell, vol. ii. p. 70.

88 APPENDIX II.  ON THE dates
Prophecy, I proceed to do so; and as preliminary to it, I
offer an introductory remark or two.
The life of Abraham was measured by scientific time, — it
was 7 X 5x5 = 25 = 175, or 35 multiplied by 5. That
of Jacob was 3 Squares of 7 or 3 Jubilees = 147. That of
Isaac was also measured by 12, another of the sacred numbers,
multiplied by 5 x 3 = 15 = 180. From these analogies I
deduce the presumptive evidence that the life of Christ upon
earth is also to be measured by one of these numbers, and the
Prophecy of the 70 Weeks seems to confirm it ; for, as the
times, unto the appearance of Messiah, are there reckoned by
7, so it may be assumed as probable that the same number
will be found to measure his life. Now, from b.c 3, the
Scriptural date of the Nativity, to a. c. 33, when He died on
the Cross, are 5 weeks = 35 years.
This being premised, the period of 70 weeks = 490 years,
computed from b.c 458, ends at the Passion, a.c 33, and it
subdivides itself as follows : —
To b.c 409, being 36 years from the Commission of
Nehemiah b.c 445, and perhaps the end of his admin
istration, or of his reforms, according to Prideaux, is
1 Jubilee or . . . .7 Weeks.
To the beginning of the building of the Tem
ple by Herod in his 21st year, b.c 17, 8 Jubi
lees = 392 years, or . .56 —
To the birth of Christ, B.C. 3, 14 years, . 2 —
To his 28 th year, complete, when He entered
on his last Week, . . . .4 —

The sum is Daniel's 7 Weeks + 62 = 69 —
To the imprisonment of John and the begin
ning of Christ's public Ministry, 6 months after
his first Passover, Tisri 29, . • i Week.
To the Passion, . . . • i —

70 _
The whole period, therefore, fr,om the beginning of the

OF THE NATIVITY AND PASSION. 89
building of the Temple by Herod is 7 Weeks or 1 Jubilee,
and from our Lord's birth 1 Week expires at each Septenary
of his age.
Probably the simplicity of this arrangement will render it
offensive to many. Yet I doubt not, that on this account,
it will approve itself to those who are only seeking the truth.
The cutting off of the Messiah appears to me, as it does to
Mr. Greswell, to include his rejection by the Jewish people,
as well as his death, and it began properly by the rejection of
his forerunner John, and continued through his whole personal
ministry, ending with his crucifixion.
In drawing to a conclusion, I cannot but remark upon the
silence of Mr. Greswell, as to the indisputable fact, that all
the Fathers counted the reign of Tiberius, and therefore his
15th year, from the death of Augustus, and also his silence
as to certain coins of the city of Antioch, bearing date the
3d of Tiberius, and 47th of the era of Actium, answering to
a. c. 16, which are counted genuine by Eckhel,* and are
entirely subversive of his theory.
In his computations of the days of the week of the Paschal
Full Moons, the learned author appears also to confound the
New and Old Styles, and to be not aware of the fact, that in
the age of our Lord's appearance, the Old Style was in ad
vance of the New just 2 days  Thus, April 5th, O. S., or
3d N. S., was upon Wednesday ; but April 5th, N. S., ac
cording to which his own computations appear to be made, t
was truly on Friday. Now the evening of the PassoveT.ja^
that year, was upon Wednesday, the 5th, because the New
Moon was upon Thursday, the 6th, O. S.
Finally, from the whole of this inquiry into the eras of the
Nativity and Passion, we conclude, that no dates in history
rest upon firmer evidence than that of the birth of Christ in
the year of the world 5476, and b. c 3, and of his Passion in
y.w. 5511, and a. c. 33; and as it has already been shown in
this Work, that, from the former of these dates, there results
* Doctrina Numorum Veterum, vol. iii. p. 276 — 79.
f Greswell, vol. i. p. 437.
M

90 APPENDIX II.
a period of stupendous perfection, being 365 x 15, or 15
years of years from Creation to the Nativity, I shall
now state another fact which has not yet been communicated,
— viz., that it also follows from the date of the Nativity, as
now established, Nisan,* B.C. 3, that there is, from Crea
tion to the Conception of Christ and Incarnation of
the Eternal Word, b.c 4, a period of 391 X 7 X 2 =
14 = 5474 years, 391 being a Cycle in Astronomy, the Moon
slow at' the end of it 5 h., 15 m., and this number being also
the sum of a Prophetic time 360, a month 30, and a day l.t
Even this overwhelming weight of internal evidence will,
however, be resisted by those who are resolved, at all hazards,
to maintain the Hebrew text Chronology, lest their credit for
accurate discernment and consistency should be impeached.
Upright minds must, I think, yield to it on full consideration,
for truth is justified of all her children, t
* See my Fulness of the Times, pp. 68, 69. f Rev. ix. 15.
| Since p. 89 was printed, I have found that, in a Note, vol. i. p. 344, Mr.
Greswell does mention the coin of the 3d of Tiberius, and 47 of the era of
Actium, and turns it to his own purpose with no less ingenuity ! than he does
the testimony of St. Luke, chap. iii. ver. 1.

THE END.

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