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Vice Admiral (VADM) Robert B. Murrett, USN "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ia_Long" title="Letitia Long">Le"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Mann">

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

Seal of the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
Flag of the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
NGA Campus East, headquarters of the agency; the building features trapezoidal windows, color-coded interior sections, and is bisected by an atrium that is large enough to hold the ["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter"cite_ref-factsheet_2-0" class="reference">[2"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_House_of_the_Seven_Gables"lass="reference">[3]
Agency overview
Formed	October 1, 1996 (1996-10-01)
Preceding agency	National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)
Jurisdiction	U.S. Department o"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Hawthorne"tr>	Headquarters	, Virginia, U.S.[2] <"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams_Whipple"class="trow"> NIMA's logo, seal, and flag NIMA was established on October 1, 1996, by the National Defen"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Agassiz"for Fiscal Year 1997.[19] The creation of NIMA followed more than a year of study, debat"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" by the defense, intelligence, and policy-making communities (as well as the Congress)"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter"ons with customer organizations. The creation of NIMA centralized responsibility for imagery and mapping. NIMA com"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"the Central Imagery Office (CIO), and the Defense Dissemination Program Office (DDPO) in their entirety, and the mission and functions of the NPIC. Also merged into NIMA were the imagery exploitation, dissemination, and processing elements"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">Defense Intelligence Agency, National Reconnaissance OfficeDefense Airborne Reconnaissance Office. NIMA's creation was clouded"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"tures to merge and the fear that their respective missions—mapping in support of defense activities versus intelligence production, principally in support of national policymakers—would be subordinated, each to the other.[20] NGAedit] "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" old headquarters in Brookmon"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosses_from_an_Old_Manse"t had been the headquarters of NGA and its predecessor agencies since 1945. After the move to its current headquarters, this facility wa"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Literary_World_(New_York_City)"lligence_Community_Campus-Bethesda" title="Intelligence Community Campus-Bethesda">Intelligence Community Campus-Bethesda. With the enactment of the Nation"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"orization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 on November 24, 2003,[21] NIMA was renamed NGA to better reflect its primary "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" href="/wiki/GEOINT" class="mw-redirect" title="GEOINT">GEOINT"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moby-Dick"e_ref-22" class="reference">[22] 2005 BRAC and Impact on NGA[edit] As a part of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closu"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_House_of_the_Seven_Gables_(novel)"D.C.-area NGA facilities, including those in Bethesda, Maryland; Reston, Virg"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell"C., would be consolidated at a new facility at the Fort Belvoir proving grounds. This new facility, later known as NCE, houses several thousand peo"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ated on the former Engineer Proving Ground site n"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blithedale_Romance"es in St. Louis were not affected by the 2005 BRAC process.[23] The cost of the new cente"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ted to be $2.4 billion. The center's campus is a"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Wonder-Book_for_Girls_and_Boys"000 m2) and was completed in September 2011.[24] Organization[edit] Employees["en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"editsection-bracket">] NGA employs professionals in aeronautical analysis, cartography, geospatial analysis, imagery analysis, photogrammetry, as well as those in the national security and law enforcement fields. NIMA / NGA Directors[editDirector
1996–1998	Rear Admiral Joseph J."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN"US Navy, Acting Director
1998–2001	Lieutenant General James C. "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Bronson_Alcott"ited_States_Army" title="United States Army">US Army
2001–2006J"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html", USAF, Retired[note 1]
2006–2010
2010–2014
2014–2019	Robert Cardillo
2019–Present	Vice Admiral , USN

1. ^ Although General Clapper preferred the use of his military rank, he was in fact a member of the Defense Intelligence Senior Executive Service (DISES) during his term as Director of NIMA / NGA, as he had retired from active duty as the director of DIA in 1995. Clapper wa"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ilian to head NIMA / NGA.

On Fe"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States"ecretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense Robert Gates an"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consul_(representative)"itia_Long" title="Letitia Long">Letitia Long would "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consulate_of_the_United_States_in_Liverpool" woman to head one of the 16 Intelligence Community component agencies. Long was at the time deputy director of the DIA.^[25] Long was sworn in on August 9, 2010 as NGA Director.^[26]

Civilian, Department of Defense, and Intelligence Community activities[edit]

• Osama bin Laden compound raid: NGA was integral in helping the Department of Defense and the U.S. Intelligence Community pinpoint t"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ki/Osama_bin_Laden%27s_compound_in_Abbottabad" title="Osama bin Laden's compoun"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Pierce"a href="/wiki/Abbotabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbotabad">Abbotabad, Pakistan where Osama bin Laden hid for several years and to plan the raid that killed him.^{[27][28]"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html">9/11 aftermath: After the September 11, 2001 attacks, NIMA partnered with the U.S. Geological Survey to survey the World Trade Center site and deter"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" of the destruction.[15]}
• Keyhole investment: NGA contributed approximately 25% "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Hawthorne&action=edit&section=7" Keyhole Inc, whose Earth-viewing software became Google Earth.<"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NHawthorneGrave.jpg"-0" class="reference">[29]
• Hurricane Katrina: NGA supported Hurricane Katrinhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NHawthorneGrave.jpg/330px-NHawthorneGrave.jpgry fromhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NHawthorneGrave.jpg/440px-NHawthorneGrave.jpgderal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NHawthorneGrave.jpg"agencies.[30] NGA's"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"l source of these efforts.
• Microsoft partnership: and NGA have signed a letter"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln"o advance the design and delivery of geospatial information applications to customers.^"[31] NGA will continue to use the Microsoft Virtual Earth platform (as it did for Katrina relief) to provide geospatial support for humanitarian, peacekeeping, and national-security efforts. Virtual Earth is a set of online mapping and search services that deliver imagery through an Google and GeoEye: In 2008 NGA partnered with Google and . Google would be allowed to use GeoEye spy satellite imagery with reduced resolution for Google Earth.^{[29]GitHub.Letitia Long talks about NGA's GitHub initiative and the first offering, GeoQ, at the GEOINT Symposium. He"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"t at 40 minutes and 40 seconds from her GEOINT 2014 conference speech.[33] NGA open sources software packages under their GitHub organizational account.[34]}

[edit]

NIMA / NGA has been involved in several controversie"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr."khran-II" title="Pokhran-II">India tested a nuclear weapon in 1998 tha"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_T._Fields"nited States by surprise. Due to budget cuts in defense sp"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Percy_Whipple" Cold War (see Peace dividend), the Intelli"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" was forced to reevaluate the allocation of its limited resources.^[35]

In 1999, NIMA supposedly provided NATO war-planners with incorrect maps which did not reflect that the Chinese Embassy in"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade had moved locations, which some^{[who?]<"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Hawthorne&action=edit&section=8"bombing_of_the_Chinese_embassy_in_Belgrade" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade">NATO bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade. The "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem,_Massachusetts.JPG"gence Agency">Central Intellige"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/220px-Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG" after they are published, but what is important is having accurate dahttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/330px-Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPGe="Wikihttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/440px-Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPGlass="reference">[36]}

On Jan. 17, 2013, the was grounded on the Tubbataha Reef in the southern Philippines. The Navy investigated the cause of the accident and determi"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ticknor"t—rather, that the ship's leadership team failed to adh"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_T._Fields"nd sound navigation principles. The Navy relied solely on an inaccurate Digital Nautical Char"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"the planning and execution of the navigation plan and failed to appropriately cross-reference additional charts"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"sual cues.^[37]

From 2013 to 2018, NGA designated the latitude and longitude coordinates of a private "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"default location for Pretoria, South Africa, causing the digital-mapping website IP addresses, which in turn caused people searching for missing phones and other electronics (as well a"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"trying to track down IP addresses in Pretoria and police officers attempting to track criminals) to show up at the residence. The issue was eventually resolved following a private investigation and a requ"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Hawthorne&action=edit&section=9"id="cite_ref-39" class="reference">[38]

Other[edit]

Credit Unions[edit]Credit Union (NCE)edit]

Constellation Fed"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"on (CFCU) was chartered in 1944 during the Army Map Service era. It continued to serve al"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendentalism"ies' employees and their families with a “once a member, always a member” policy until CFCU merged int"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"eral Credit Union in March 2019.^{[39] [40]}

In 2011, upon consolidating most Washington DC metro area NGA employees to "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"f="/wiki/Belvoir_Federal_Credit_Union" class="m"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel"l Credit Union">Belvoir Federal Credit Union (BFCU) became the on-site "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter"ased personnel. In 2016, BFCU merged with Pentagon Federal Credit Union.^[41]<"/a>

Credit Union (NCW)[edit]

Arsenal Credit Union ("en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" in August 1948 as Aero Chart Credit Union, organized to serve employees of the Aeronautical Chart Plant (ACP), located at the St. Louis Arsenal. The name changed to ACU in 1952, a nod to the St. Louis site's Civil War-era u"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html".^{[42][43]Gallery[edit]}

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  NGA Headquarters

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  "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche"llerytext">

  NGA headquarters' atrium

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  Letitia Long