Distant Reader - author-keithGeorge-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-23 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 74 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,644,978 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 22,229 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 92. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, christ, spirit, man, us, men, one, yet, faith, without, true, will, may, many, light, things, doth, say, words, great, scripture, called, also, now, life, quakers, holy, shall, lord, body, therefore, word, people, time, first, church, within, thing, outward, every, made, given, soul, much, truth, come, good, well, even, saith

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are George Keith''s Fourth narrative of his proceedings at Turners-hall divided into three parts : detecting the Quakers gross errors, vile heresies, and antichristian principles, oppugning the fundamentals of Christianity, by clear and evident proofs (in above two hundred and fifty quotations) faithfully taken out of their books, and read at three several meetings, the 11th, the 18th, and 23d of Jan., 1699 before a great auditory of judicious persons, ministers, and others, more particularly discovering the fallacious and sophistical defences of George Whitehead, Joseph Wyeth, and seven Quakers of Colchester, in their late books on all the several heads contained in the printed advertisement : to which is prefix''d, the attestation of five ministers of the Church of England, to the truth of the said quotations, and a postcript [sic] / by George Keith., The Presbyterian and independent visible churches in New-England and else-where brought to the test, and examined according to the doctrin of Holy Scriptures ... : more particulary directed to those in New-England, and more generally to those in old England, Scotland, Ireland, &c. : with a call and warning from the Lord to the people of Boston and New-England, to repent, &c. : and two letters to the preachers in Boston, and an answer to the gross abuses, lies and slanders of Increase Mather and Nath. Morton, &c. / by George Keith., and The way cast up, and the stumbling-blocks removed from before the feet of those who are seeking the way to Zion, with their faces thitherward containing an answere to a postcript, printed at the end of Sam Rutherford''s letters, third edition, by a nameless author, indeed not without cause, considering the many lyes and falshoods therein, against the people, called Quakers, which are here disproved, and refuted / by George Keith ....

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

light within, holy spirit, man christ, without us, jesus christ, christ jesus, holy ghost, called quakers, every man, english books, early english, christ without, george keith, holy scriptures, books online, people called, every one, yearly meeting, christ within, christian faith, creation partnership, text creation, page images, christ crucified, christian religion, let us, immediate revelation, george whitehead, lord jesus, one another, many things, characters represented, represented either, tcp schema, image sets, true christians, new testament, true faith, true christian, within us, something else, must needs, true church, book called, take notice, holy scripture, general rule, among us, true nature, monthly meeting

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A true relation of a conference had betwixt G. Keith and T. Upsher, at Colchester the 6th of the fifth month, 1699 the truth of which is attested by three witnesses who took it from their mouths in short-hand and afterwards by joint consent writ it out at length : the question stated at the said conference was whether Thomas Upsher''s preaching in the forenoon that faith in Christ, as he was born of the Virgin Mary, and dyed for our sins, &c. was absolutely necessary to salvation, ..., and in the afternoon his preaching that the light within ... is sufficient to salvation is a contradiction : and a brief account of the uncivil and illegal treatment used by some principal Quakers at Colchester and Bristol toward G Keith ... : and a postscript, containing some notes and observations on the assertions of T. Upsher and his brethren, detecting their self-contradictions : and a certificate from Parson Shelton of Colchester, to the truth of the case in debate ... and to the truth of the conference / by George Keith. A refutation of three opposers of truth by plain evidence of the holy Scripture, viz. I. Of Pardon Tillinghast, who pleadeth for water-baptism, its being a Gospel-precept, and opposeth Christ within, as a false Christ. To which is added, something concerning the Supper, &c. II. Of B. Keech, in his book called, A tutor for children, where he disputeth against the sufficiency of the light within, in order of salvation; and calleth Christ in the heart, a false Christ in the secret chamber. II. Of Cotton Mather, who in his appendix to his book, called, Memorable providences, relating to witchcrafts, &c. doth so weakly defend his father Increase Mather from being justly chargeable with abusing the honest people called Quakers, that he doth the more lay open his fathers nakedness; and beside the abuses and injuries that his father had cast upon that people, C. Mather, the son, addeth new abuses of his own. And a few words of a letter to John Cotton, called a minister, at Plymouth in New England. By George Keith., and Immediate revelation, or, Jesus Christ the eternall Son of God revealed in man and revealing the knowledge of God and the things of his kingdom immediately : or, the Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit of promise, the spirit of prophecy poured forth and inspiring man and induing him with power from on high ... not ceased, but remaining a standing and perpetual ordinance in the Church of Christ and being of indispensible necessity as to the whole body in general ... / writ by George Keith, prisoner of the truth in the Tolbooth of Aberdein, the 29th of the third moneth, 1665..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

christ, god, spirit, light, man, tcp, scripture, faith, lord, quakers, church, friends, body, scriptures, meeting, life, holy, law, soul, doctrine, word, keith, books, son, men, gospel, errors, england, blood, world, saints, people, judgment, father, salvation, rule, protestants, power, grace, george, flesh, court, yea, truth, seed, revelation, resurrection, prophets, ministry, ministers

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and Gross error and hypocrisie detected in George Whitehead and some of his brethern as doth appear from the disingenuous and hypocritical answer he and some others have given to some queries sent to the last Yearly Meeting of the people call''d Quakers, in the third month, 1695, by comparing the said answer with the printed books of the said George Whitehead, William Pemn, and John Whitehead, leading men in the said Meeting, wherein the great inconistency and contradiction of their present late answer to the express words and sentiments of their printed books is discovered : with a further account of their vile and pernicious errours / by George Keith. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

man, things, men, words, scripture, time, light, thing, people, body, others, way, doth, day, part, scriptures, faith, p., life, blood, hath, place, self, books, truth, nothing, work, word, sin, death, heart, none, reason, mind, knowledge, saints, manner, works, matter, nature, power, sins, text, sense, viz, name, hearts, measure, times, seed

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, was, have, are, were, had, did, do, being, said, say, called, been, given, made, come, according, see, know, give, make, believe, prove, hath, concerning, having, let, seeing, came, take, find, deny, has, read, done, put, speak, call, doth, think, answer, found, brought, hear, gave, saith, saying, set, heard

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, christ, spirit, faith, g., lord, man, quakers, 〉, holy, men, ◊, church, c., 〈, hath, w., thou, life, doctrine, law, word, jesus, soul, christian, light, ye, john, yea, book, keith, tcp, world, k., george, divine, flesh, a., father, son, gospel, meeting, heaven, rule, christians, grace, truth, paul, england, r.

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, his, he, they, them, i, their, him, we, us, our, my, me, you, himself, your, themselves, its, her, thy, she, thee, ''em, ye, theirs, one, ours, mine, yours, em, yee, itself, ''s, hers, us''d, myself, whereof, shou''d, s, ●, u, thou, iu, yow, wh, wa, ts, r, ourselves, ordr

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, true, many, such, great, same, own, outward, good, more, first, false, inward, necessary, much, present, whole, sufficient, guilty, little, spiritual, least, new, divine, common, most, greater, particular, last, faithful, second, general, doth, former, holy, clear, very, natural, certain, several, plain, gross, saith, perfect, contrary, late, few, proper, early, real

not, so, only, then, also, now, as, more, therefore, yet, even, up, most, well, here, again, very, thus, never, forth, much, out, ever, indeed, far, together, first, there, in, too, outwardly, still, away, down, all, else, rather, above, plainly, thereof, especially, otherwise, generally, truly, further, immediately, sometimes, formerly, inwardly, no

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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