安

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
安 U+5B89, 安
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B89
← 守
[U+5B88] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 宊 →
[U+5B8A]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order
安-order.gif

Han character[edit]

安 (radical 40, 宀+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十女 (JV), four-corner 30404, composition ⿱宀女)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 282, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7072
  • Dae Jaweon: page 552, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 913, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5B89

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 安
alternative forms 侒
𠕷
𭑨
𡚴
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 安 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 安 (Cantonese)
  • 安 (Gan)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 安
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
安-oracle.svg 安-bronze.svg 安-seal.svg 安-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (安) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
安 *qaːn
鞍 *qaːn
鞌 *qaːn
侒 *qaːn
按 *qaːns
案 *qaːns
洝 *qaːns
荌 *qaːns
晏 *qaːns, *qraːns
鴳 *qraːns
騴 *qraːns
鷃 *qraːns
頞 *qaːd
胺 *qaːd
咹 *qaːd

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 宀 (“house”) + 女 (“a woman or a kneeling person”) – person in a kneeling position sitting on the heels at home.

Etymology[edit]

calm; peaceful
A parallel stem is 宴 (OC *qeːns, “to be at ease; to rest”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).
Cognate with 按 (OC *qaːns, “to push down with hand”), an exoactive derivative, literally “to cause to be settled; calmed” (ibid.).
Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔɨāɫ (“rest”), comparing it to Mizo âwl (“to rest”) (and also noting Dhimal [script needed] (el-ka, “good”)). STEDT, however, traces the Mizo word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-grwal ~ *ʔwal (“finish, loose, relax”) and did not list 安 (OC *qaːn) among its comparanda: namely 完 (OC *ɦŋoːn), 緩 (OC *ɢʷaːnʔ), 諼 (OC *qʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ), 援 (OC *ɢʷans, *ɢʷan).
where; how
Cognate with 惡 (OC *qaː, “how”) and 焉 (OC *qran, *qan, “where; how”), the latter of which is probably a variant of 安 (OC *qaːn).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • an - literary;
  • oaⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • ang1 - literary;
  • uan1 - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 安
    Mandarin Beijing /an⁵⁵/
    Harbin /an⁴⁴/
    /nan⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /nan²¹/
    Jinan /ŋã²¹³/
    Qingdao /ɣã²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /an²⁴/
    Xi'an /ŋã²¹/
    Xining /nã⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /an⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ɛ̃n³¹/
    Ürümqi /an⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /ŋan⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ŋan⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ŋan⁵⁵/
    /an⁵⁵/ 新
    Kunming /ã̠⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /aŋ³¹/
    Hefei /ʐæ̃²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɣæ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /ŋɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /ŋæ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ø⁵³/
    Suzhou /ø⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ʔẽ̞³³/
    Wenzhou /y³³/
    Hui Shexian /ŋɛ³¹/
    Tunxi /uːə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ŋan³³/
    Xiangtan /ŋan³³/
    Gan Nanchang /ŋɵn⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /on⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /on²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /ɔn⁵³/
    Nanning /ɔn⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /ɔn⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /an⁵⁵/
    /uã⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /aŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /uiŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /aŋ³³/
    /uã³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /aŋ²³/
    /ua²³/
    Rime
    Character 安
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 寒 (61)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 烏寒切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔan/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔɑn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɑn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		on1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 安 安 安
    Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		ān ān ān
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ 'an › ‹ 'an › ‹ 'an ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/ /*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/ /*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/
    English peace(ful) how 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 安
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11
    Phonetic
    component         		安
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		安
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qaːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    安

    1. calm; peaceful; tranquil; quiet
    2. comfortable; at ease
    3. safe; secure
    4. to calm; to pacify
    5. to feel satisfied with
    6. to find a place for; to plant
    7. to fit; to install
    8. to cherish; to harbour
    9. to confer (a title); to bestow; to put (the blame on someone)
    10. where
    11. how; why
    12. (physics) Short for 安培 (ānpéi, “ampere”).
    13. A surname​.
      1. (historical) A surname given to people from the Arsacid or Parthian Empire (安息 or 安國／安国)

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 安

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (安):
    • → Japanese: 安(あん) (an)
    • → Korean: 안 (安, an)
    • → Vietnamese: an (安)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    安

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    安
    あん
    Grade: 3
    on’yomi

    Sino-Japanese.

    Affix[edit]

    安(あん) • (an) 

    1. calm; peaceful
    2. safe; secure
    3. easy; simple
    4. cheap; inexpensive
    5. (chemistry) ammonium

    Derived terms[edit]

    Compounds

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    安 (eumhun 편안 안 (pyeonan an))

    1. Hanja form? of 안 (“peace, peacefulness”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    安: Hán Việt readings: an[1][2][3][4][5], yên[4][5]
    安: Nôm readings: yên[1][2][3][6][4][7], an[1][2][4][7], án[1], ăn[1]

    1. Hán tự form of an (“safe; secure”).
    2. Hán tự form of yên (“calm; peaceful”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds derived from 安 (an)
    Compounds derived from 安 (yên)

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bonet (1899).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ^ Hồ (1976).
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

    Zhuang[edit]

    Classifier[edit]

    安

    1. Alternative form of 𬻹 (“Sawndip form of aen”)

    References[edit]

    • 古壮字字典 [Dictionary of Old Zhuang Characters], Guangxi: Ethnic Publishing House (广西民族出版社), 2012, →ISBN, page 1
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=安&oldid=62530440"