bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram frequency
health care596
infection control594
hand hygiene384
respiratory syndrome165
staphylococcus aureus159
acute respiratory151
public health144
severe acute125
care settings120
united states118
care facilities117
infectious agents116
intensive care111
care workers109
resistant staphylococcus107
infection prevention105
infectious diseases92
risk perception91
patient care88
protective equipment85
care unit82
healthcare workers82
infect control77
control measures77
cord uid72
doc id72
control doi72
indoor air71
reusable gowns68
term care68
user seal67
personal protective66
hong kong64
control practices62
respiratory tract61
infectious disease61
standard precautions59
seal check59
environmental contamination57
log reduction56
airborne transmission56
novel coronavirus55
care facility55
gross leakage54
nosocomial infection52
disease control52
syndrome coronavirus51
control practice50
middle east50
confirmed cases50
world health50
nosocomial infections49
acute care48
face shields48
east respiratory47
based precautions47
clostridium difficile46
health organization46
isolation precautions46
hygiene compliance46
respiratory viruses46
home care46
nucleic acid45
advisory committee45
risk factors44
influenza virus44
statistically significant43
respiratory infections43
face shield43
environmental surfaces42
coronavirus disease42
surveillance system42
data collection42
respiratory protection42
glove removal42
fit testing41
systematic review40
respiratory syncytial40
mobile phones40
isolation gowns40
patient rooms39
droplet nuclei39
disposable gowns39
performance feedback38
associated infections38
emergency department38
care units38
syncytial virus37
nosocomial transmission37
patient safety37
based hand37
hospitalized patients36
social media36
array rp35
svpcr array35
actual gross34
increased risk34
antimicrobial resistance33
control programs33
significant differences32
infection transmission32
resistant enterococci32
universal precautions32
respiratory infection32
family members31
person transmission31
prevent transmission31
seasonal influenza30
negative pressure30
polymerase chain30
body fluids30
filtration efficiency30
cystic fibrosis30
turnover intention30
chain reaction30
influenza vaccination30
preventing transmission30
care setting29
nursing home29
healthcare settings29
human pathogens29
contact precautions29
respiratory virus28
mycobacterium tuberculosis28
respiratory symptoms28
surgical masks28
task force28
infected patients28
isolation rooms27
care personnel27
virus infections27
hydrostatic pressure27
generating procedures26
practices advisory26
quality improvement26
nursing homes26
intervention studies26
sars outbreak26
upper respiratory25
care centers25
sample size25
airborne infection25
previous studies25
bloodstream infections25
hospital infection24
viral infections24
risk assessment24
respiratory pathogens24
ventilated patients24
health information24
eye protection24
occupational safety24
patient room24
patient contact24
potentially infectious24
hygiene procedures23
saudi arabia23
general ward23
tract infections23
antimicrobial agents23
clinical characteristics23
significantly higher23
mechanically ventilated23
care delivery23
hygiene practices23
south korea23
pseudomonas aeruginosa23
carbon dioxide23
respiratory viral23
uvgi systems23
acquired infections22
healthcare infection22
among patients22
infectious agent22
community settings22
filtration performance22
safety culture22
healthcare facilities22
droplet precautions22
respiratory droplets21
airborne bacteria21
body temperature21
acid test21
medical center21
medical equipment21
medical personnel21
contact surfaces21
infection rates21
uv radiation20
high risk20
airborne infectious20
national health20
mortality rate20
infection risk20
oriented culture20
united kingdom20
face masks20
may also20
decontamination methods20
respiratory secretions20
measles outbreak20
organizational culture20
among hcws20
mechanical ventilation20
immunocompromised patients20
airborne pathogens20
test method20
ffr models20
escherichia coli20
standard test19
care system19
predictive values19
job stress19
room uvgi19
hubei province19
test results19
aami pb19
nursing staff19
emerging infectious19
hygiene education19
filtering facepiece19
isolation wards19
close contact19
among health19
american society19
sars epidemic19
controlled trial19
hand rub19
tertiary care19
respirator use19
via hands19
hand contamination19
direct contact19
antibiotic resistance19
child care19
air decontamination19
hygiene practice19
pediatric patients19
public reporting18
neonatal intensive18
hygiene promotion18
isolation room18
pandemic influenza18
disease transmission18
semantic network18
health impact18
airborne precautions18
everyday life18
ppe use18
rpe use18
environmental cleaning18
household members18
relative humidity18
imported cases18
pharyngeal swab18
ultraviolet germicidal18
based products18
infectious material18
water resistance18
sodium hypochlorite18
impact penetration17
medical staff17
risk perceptions17
germicidal irradiation17
care hospital17
determine whether17
day care17
cough etiquette17
care hospitals17
hospital settings17
health nurses17
risk communication17
associated events17
negative emotions17
rubbish bin17
control program17
facepiece respirators17
face mask17
microbiology laboratory17
virus infection17
mobile phone17
critical care16
nosocomial pathogens16
deep breathing16
one study16
respiratory disease16
isolation gown16
study period16
avian influenza16
social distancing16
incubation period16
hemorrhagic fever16
jakob disease16
home hygiene16
engineering controls16
hand sanitizers16
log reductions16
gi illness16
infection surveillance16
health agencies15
surgical mask15
belief model15
teaching hospital15
semantic networks15
bloodborne pathogens15
frames used15
ebola virus15
contact time15
negative bacilli15
uv marker15
clinical microbiology15
body fluid15
swab nucleic15
appropriate ppe15
patient close15
among healthcare15
health belief15
sunlight exposure15
tested positive15
airborne spread15
clinical features15
see table15
medical students14
health centers14
commercially available14
hospital authority14
viral respiratory14
disease onset14
hydrogen peroxide14
medical gowns14
highly infectious14
resistant enterococcus14
air quality14
contaminated hands14
case definitions14
mental health14
network analysis14
clinical staff14
political frame14
clinical practice14
infections among14
hand washing14
immunization practices14
current study14
national nosocomial14
intervention group14
immune system14
inanimate surfaces14
syndromic surveillance14
commonly used14
driven performance14
guided nudging14
significant difference14
aerosol transmission14
viral rna14
food contact14
klebsiella pneumoniae14
acquired respiratory14
bacterial contamination14
infection among13
airflow resistance13
acinetobacter baumannii13
viral load13
contact tracing13
focus groups13
viral culture13
hand rubs13
long distances13
rt infections13
resistant organisms13
working group13
readily available13
associated transmission13
within hours13
maintenance stage13
control professionals13
recent years13
respiratory illness13
staff members13
team members13
death rates13
pilot study13
final diagnosis13
patients undergoing13
care providers13
ambulatory care13
healthcare worker13
resistant bacteria13
respiratory hygiene13
health policy13
emergency room13
severe illness13
hygiene cough13
lower respiratory13
risk factor13
touch surfaces13
environmental factors13
asymptomatic infections13
tcid ml13
influenza vaccine13
air permeability13
surface contamination13
confirmed case13
pathogenic bacteria13
nosocomial outbreak13
electronic health13
national institute12
randomized controlled12
per hour12
associated pneumonia12
hospital preparedness12
forming units12
cdc glove12
preventing nosocomial12
also may12
uv light12
early stage12
health administration12
central venous12
disease outbreaks12
disinfection procedures12
healthcare personnel12
improve hand12
infectious particles12
respirator fit12
transmission risks12
influenza pandemic12
protective environment12
contaminated surfaces12
ventilation systems12
droplet transmission12
human metapneumovirus12
tidal volume12
skin antisepsis12
temperature measurement12
may occur12
surge capacity12
news update12
vegetative bacteria12
electronic medical12
young children12
lessons learned12
compliance monitoring12
epidemiologically important12
confidence interval12
risks associated12
mrvp test12
new york12
future studies12
news media12
control activities12
difficile spores12
filter airflow12
health frame12
test methods12
patient transmission11
clinical symptoms11
emergency departments11
surgical site11
contaminated food11
positive emotions11
may contribute11
less effective11
positive cases11
infections surveillance11
potential risk11
visual demonstration11
date last11
turned negative11
droplet route11
daily activities11
vaccine frame11
asymptomatic carriers11
viable virus11
zinc pyrithione11
purifying respirators11
filter aerosol11
bacteriophage ms11
may result11
care center11
staff surveillance11
least pathogen11
focus group11
skilled nursing11
stainless steel11
glove use11
transmission via11
respiratory panel11
update frame11
critically ill11
pilling resistance11
previously described11
improve compliance11
acquired infection11
statistical analysis11
respiratory protective11
barrier precautions11
cases per11
risk patients11
control bundle11
health records11
surgical gowns11
viral infection11
adult patients11
aerosol penetration11
ill patients11
early detection11
associated infection11
significant reduction11
symptomatic patients11
mortality rates11
precautionary measures11
environmental conditions11
study participants11
wound infections11
waiting areas11
significant effect11
observational study11
american association11
ground beef10
removing gloves10
even though10
cleaning practices10
combined isolation10
health service10
microbiologic data10
operating room10
face guard10
likelihood ratios10
hygiene monitoring10
endotracheal intubation10
hand sanitizer10
dead space10
decontamination method10
infectious dose10
index case10
control nurses10
long term10
north america10
significant reductions10
patients infected10
aspergillus spp10
care area10
fabric hand10
control guidelines10
work rates10
exposure time10
care organizations10
per year10
stem cell10
bacterial filtration10
multimodal strategy10
patients admitted10
time period10
home health10
different stages10
resistant strains10
aerobiology chamber10
gi infections10
possible transmission10
performance requirements10
ari clusters10
review board10
pa survey10
care worker10
portable equipment10
double layer10
pseudomonas cepacia10
patient populations10
sars patients10
room air10
occupational exposure10
literature review10
confirmed covid10
logistic regression10
samples collected10
normal daily10
serratia marcescens10
institutional review10
hand contact10
family member10
data suggest10
ansi aami10
control group10
antimicrobial activity10
mean difference10
mass casualty10
active surveillance10
antibiotic use10
gene therapy10
registered nurses10
exact test10
mucous membranes10
chlorhexidine gluconate10
control precautions10
burn unit10
ipc team10
perceived risk10
ward setting10
bone marrow10
digital survey10
environmental sampling10
information technology10
patient outcomes10
seal checks10
among children10
red zone10
transmission among10
rna detection10
psychological experience10
indirect contact10
factors associated10
support staff10
decision support9
infections due9
another study9
care environment9
small patches9
study subjects9
spray disinfectant9
pcr assay9
significantly lower9
potential pathogens9
nursing organizational9
fever viruses9
safety program9
breathing rate9
gi pathogens9
preparedness planning9
life settings9
infection isolation9
classroom training9
contact isolation9
working rooms9
high levels9
syndrome outbreak9
airborne route9
positive patients9
healthcare epidemiology9
discharge cleaning9
influenza viruses9
surveillance systems9
local government9
sars vaccine9
causal link9
among hospitalized9
important factors9
targeted hygiene9
nnis system9
blood pressure9
elementary school9
decontamination technologies9
parainfluenza virus9
among hospital9
cqi tool9
mask use9
recent study9
antimicrobial therapy9
immunodeficiency virus9
first medical9
pcr tests9
precautions may9
invasive devices9
epidemic keratoconjunctivitis9
environmental infection9
veterans affairs9
infrastructural enhancements9
significantly increased9
medical care9
infectious aerosols9
positively associated9
performed using9
among nurses9
skin colour9
cases among9
chronic obstructive9
smallpox vaccination9
environmental samples9
critical zones9
cleaning cloths9
us hospitals9
sectional study9
airborne particles9
phone disinfection9
influenza season9
pressure differential9
viral shedding9
recommended infection9
human immunodeficiency9
aureus infection9
infected persons9
nosocomial acquisition9
several limitations9
bacillus anthracis9
direct patient9
rhinovirus colds9
rt illness9
infection management9
ventilation system9
nurse staffing9
bacterial load9
nonenveloped viruses9
days needed9
study design9
wide range9
see http9
care staff9
health system9
prevention practices9
airborne survival9
transcutaneous carbon9
severe disease9
cell culture9
high mortality9
universal precautionary8
gold standard8
outpatient clinics8
electrostatic sprayer8
human coronavirus8
vivo panel8
feline calicivirus8
mmrs counties8
id transmission8
adenovirus type8
particulate respirators8
higher level8
field studies8
respirator dead8
last updated8
nosocomial sars8
clinical settings8
large outbreak8
vaccination coverage8
infection rate8
present study8
per day8
comprehensive unit8
also included8
designated covid8
risk groups8
single room8
fatality rate8
hand rubbing8
uv lamps8
hematopoietic stem8
personal characteristics8
personal hygiene8
administrative support8
times per8
patients may8
reverse transcription8
retrospective study8
relatively small8
recommended practices8
infections transmitted8
fabric weight8
different types8
stool samples8
face touching8
demographic characteristics8
skin infections8
finger pads8
infectious patients8
streptococcus pneumoniae8
precautions among8
occupational health8
associated diarrhea8
significantly different8
air changes8
cohorted general8
quarantine measures8
site infections8
asymptomatic patients8
position paper8
environmental surface8
infection associated8
negative bacteria8
infectious gi8
enrolled nurses8
patients receiving8
several studies8
safe injection8
protection level8
efficiency particulate8
higher risk8
clinical course8
pulmonary function8
human transmission8
injection practices8
pathogenic microorganisms8
uri symptoms8
full ppe8
microbial contamination8
bloodstream infection8
pathogens via8
removal method8
associated bloodstream8
pediatric intensive8
examination gloves8
sars outbreaks8
based safety8
oral transmission8
health commission8
seam strength8
emerging infections8
laboratory studies8
negative predictive8
gov ncidod8
tract infection8
healthcare safety8
burn wound8
barrier protection8
clusters amongst8
cause infection8
pediatric hospital8
particularly important8
early mobility8
protecting health8
table summarizes8
years old8
respondents reported8
mass destruction8
transmission risk8
monitoring system8
clinical syndromes8
viral particles8
fungal spores8
gastrointestinal tract8
nosocomial respiratory8
control practitioners8
protective clothing8
child day8
level isolation8
may lead8
significantly associated8
social support8
developed countries8
air flow8
important role8
study found8
control procedures8
table shows8
individual performance8
home environment8
textile chemists8
pressure ward8
patient interaction8
clinical data8
control compliance8
mandatory reporting8
close contacts8
patient screening8
health professionals8
airborne human8
rt illnesses8
food preparation8
antibiotic prescribing8
environmental protection7
medical visit7
head nurse7
higher levels7
employee health7
quantitative fit7
adverse events7
university hospital7
unsuspected cases7
disease severity7
prolonged periods7
medical profession7
cell transplantation7
epidemiologic studies7
large proportion7
control issues7
measured using7
effective infection7
sars cases7
susceptible persons7
certification board7
may provide7
laboratory findings7
test result7
severe covid7
study group7
predictive value7
ambient air7
icp measures7
results indicate7
gastric acid7
nurses working7
may affect7
risk areas7
fluorescent solution7
culturable bacteria7
control recommendations7
contingent valuation7
clinical information7
single patient7
may need7
ebola outbreak7
nosocomial spread7
respiratory diseases7
tuberculosis among7
test turned7
hour shift7
infections associated7
infected household7
factors affecting7
hospital setting7
upper rt7
good hygiene7
casualty disaster7
systematic reviews7
surgical wrap7
home quarantine7
hospital outbreak7
antimicrobial efficacy7
medical record7
removal procedure7
plan checklist7
respiratory pathogen7
two different7
general public7
antibiotic resistant7
aureus carriage7
fever screening7
single rooms7
resistant tuberculosis7
zoster virus7
johns hopkins7
response rate7
healthcare providers7
physical appearance7
pathogen detection7
log tcid7
enterococcus faecium7
gustatory dysfunction7
fluid resistance7
normal breathing7
us health7
ventilator days7
breaking strength7
icu admission7
sars transmission7
limited resources7
routine patient7
large open7
may vary7
several days7
medical education7
care professionals7
authors thank7
disaster plan7
operating rooms7
leakage detection7
initial stage7
interquartile range7
contact transmission7
virus transmission7
work rate7
human services7
basic infection7
cross contamination7
decontamination protocol7
sterilization wrap7
isopropyl alcohol7
cohorted cubicles7
fisher exact7
pathogen transmission7
key words7
automated hand7
source control7
waterless hand7
like illness7
panel testing7
droplet isolation7
preventing infection7
rp results7
routine disinfection7
burkholderia cepacia7
first study7
first case7
experimental conditions7
examples include7
available data7
negatively associated7
aureus infections7
large number7
transplant recipients7
prostate cancer7
median amount7
bacterial counts7
ambulatory settings7
care provider7
real time7
coronavirus pneumonia7
evidence base7
intervention study7
first time7
acquired methicillin7
joint commission7
sun hours7
comprising infrastructural7
less likely7
transmissible infectious7
sars control7
dilute sodium7
huntsville hospital7
using standardized7
emergency response7
large numbers7
significant affection7
many countries7
isolation ward7
eid outbreak7
pulmonary disease7
results suggest7
may play7
may help7
case report7
medical records7
patient isolation7
uv lamp7
protection agency7
face piece7
bacterial infections7
flow rate7
alcohol hand7
infections caused7
year period7
standard cleaning7
infusion therapy7
facility entrances7
barrier performance7
touching behavior7
contact infrared7
surveillance data7
data collected7
antimicrobial persistence7
positive influenza7
asymptomatic hcps7
infectious pathogens6
within days6
spatial separation6
statistical significance6
frontline staff6
attitudes toward6
may include6
bacillus subtilis6
control interventions6
open areas6
mw cm6
pregnant women6
obstructive pulmonary6
sani nudge6
mucous membrane6
removal efficiency6
gi infection6
including use6
medical conditions6
cusp mvp6
working together6
bed management6
hospital staff6
control nurse6
remains unclear6
examination rooms6
chronic care6
prevention program6
respiratory isolation6
positive impact6
gi disease6
common cold6
human resources6
may become6
total number6
invasive procedures6
inclusion criteria6
room ultraviolet6
protection program6
infected pneumonia6
nursing students6
hygiene performance6
home infusion6
control team6
iatrogenic meningitis6
aerosolized particles6
preventive measures6
secondary vehicles6
hai rates6
also used6
hubei exposure6
quantitative microbial6
control professional6
smoking history6
cov cases6
infections may6
physical contact6
apic idsa6
surface stability6
protect hcws6
shea apic6
hygiene task6
icu mortality6
ic measures6
infected person6
wide screening6
results indicated6
improving infection6
admitted patients6
susceptible individuals6
response plans6
burn patients6
indoor environments6
ppe distribution6
categorical variables6
susceptibility testing6
helicobacter pylori6
ltc residents6
hours apart6
hospital acquired6
venous catheter6
central government6
serological survey6
cost savings6
time point6
part ii6
outpatient settings6
risk reduction6
contamination rates6
drug administration6
rhinovirus infection6
elastomeric air6
protection levels6
practice standards6
domestic animals6
march th6
blotter paper6
significantly decreased6
core body6
nursing facility6
sodium chloride6
disinfecting device6
mycobacterium spp6
screening tool6
clinical experience6
mouth transfer6
performance specifications6
national surveillance6
ultraviolet light6
uv index6
air samples6
patient beds6
additional studies6
id management6
standard deviation6
supply chain6
point likert6
particle size6
healthcare professionals6
illness among6
viral pathogens6
domestic environment6
healthcare setting6
air leaks6
hygiene system6
information systems6
frequently used6
appropriate use6
care institution6
april th6
new infectious6
digital screening6
st century6
studies reporting6
will also6
health management6
month period6
staff close6
adverse effects6
operating theater6
significantly fewer6
pcr test6
last hours6
turn negative6
subtilis spores6
cleaning staff6
current results6
antimicrobial susceptibility6
health risks6
pressure cuff6
pathogen spread6
national healthcare6
informed consent6
senic project6
hepa filtration6
case definition6
idsa hand6
decontamination cycles6
hospital epidemiology6
protective apparel6
safer care6
dimensional stability6
agents transmitted6
disinfection cycle6
difficile infection6
time interval6
different decontamination6
room entry6
will increase6
certification examination6
nose touching6
symptom onset6
severely ill6
fit factor6
seasonal variation6
peroxide vapor6
findings suggest6
healthcare associated6
highest temperature6
scientific evidence6
studies using6
negative user6
health record6
remain suspended6
contamination levels6
regression analysis6
differences among6
state council6
deionized water6
isolation practices6
hours per6
randomised controlled6
widely used6
gb kn6
cohort study6
via contaminated6
asymptomatic individuals6
surgical gown6
dedicated general6
antibiotic treatment6
negative air6
data related6
ad hoc6
infected individuals6
clinical management6
parainfluenza viruses6
regression model6
hcps tested6
order entry6
enteric viruses6
sky cover6
common respiratory6
body movement6
medical services6
tuberculosis transmission6
given respirator6
air currents6
best practices6
illness rate6
particulate air6
coronavirus outbreak6
panel tests6
ipc program6
line staff6
case contact6
hospital rooms6
like viruses6
see appendix6
time required6
disease prevention6
using abhs6
opportunistic pathogens6
pharmaceutical planning6
tertiary hospital6
help improve6
respiratory distress6
health departments6
patients colonized6
pathogenic bacterial6
equipment used6
current infection6
small number6
randomized trial6
among emergency6
fluid exposure6
spectrum beta6
health workers6
symptoms may6
available evidence6
hospital personnel6
urinary tract6
positive results6
must also6
screening tools6
filmarray respiratory6
airborne infections6
samples tested6
uvgi system6
diagnostic tests6
safety network6
hsct patients6
vap prevention6
valentine leukocidin5
microbial risk5
cardiopulmonary resuscitation5
daily life5
gown models5
virus disease5
current pandemic5
worker compliance5
two groups5
care patients5
fluorescent stain5
fatality rates5
hvac system5
vae rates5
based approach5
private rooms5
hepa filters5
lym count5
contaminated area5
group performance5
european centre5
pathogens may5
likert scale5
mdro guideline5
center study5
extended periods5
allogeneic hsct5
potentially toxic5
patient characteristics5
response level5
patient population5
least one5
liacouras center5
protective gears5
general wards5
biological weapon5
lumbar puncture5
artificially contaminated5
air mixing5
based studies5
safety challenge5
antimicrobial action5
improving hand5
study include5
immunization schedule5
moisture retention5
another patient5
respirators used5
cov infection5
surgical procedures5
rates ranged5
require special5
wearing masks5
ethics committee5
increasing number5
positive pressure5
terminal cleaning5
including mrsa5
safety climate5
resistant gram5
occupational risk5
hospitals reported5
positive result5
staffing levels5
survey application5
based practice5
various settings5
risk management5
safe work5
infections acquired5
reported outbreaks5
exposed susceptible5
cases may5
diagnostic test5
latex gloves5
marrow transplant5
industrial laundering5
potential role5
built environment5
convenience sample5
reduce transmission5
psychological intervention5
less frequently5
clinical environment5
clear face5
i will5
mg ml5
particles may5
potential barriers5
id risks5
also showed5
observation period5
test agent5
first visit5
unit patients5
antimicrobial effect5
negative mrvp5
sars infection5
environmental sources5
acute gastroenteritis5
patient ratio5
control liaison5
symptoms onset5
studies also5
study data5
aami level5
transmission may5
wash life5
disinfection equipment5
control training5
cleaning rates5
solar dni5
infection may5
data analysis5
first days5
bronchoscopy procedure5
cov transmission5
work practices5
including hand5
water column5
clinical decision5
examination room5
column height5
promote hand5
results showed5
affiliated hospital5
invasive aspergillosis5
daily practice5
early stages5
standard operating5
may reduce5
sampling method5
healthcare quality5
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