bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
acute respiratory	524
respiratory syndrome	480
severe acute	405
respiratory tract	342
novel coronavirus	341
united states	331
coronavirus disease	330
public health	304
viral load	301
infectious diseases	249
infect dis	245
clin infect	244
dis doi	242
cord uid	242
doc id	242
acquired pneumonia	220
syndrome coronavirus	214
risk factors	206
symptom onset	192
health care	185
respiratory viruses	175
hospitalized patients	162
ciaa sha	158
cid ciaa	158
respiratory syncytial	155
syncytial virus	151
lower respiratory	147
nucleic acid	143
upper respiratory	136
respiratory symptoms	134
hong kong	132
clinical characteristics	131
severe covid	127
virus infection	124
potential conflicts	123
chain reaction	123
influenza virus	123
disease control	122
clinical trials	121
respiratory virus	119
transplant recipients	117
polymerase chain	117
household contacts	115
cohort study	115
contact tracing	110
middle east	107
mechanical ventilation	106
east respiratory	104
world health	103
systematic review	102
intensive care	102
confirmed cases	101
health organization	100
clinical features	98
social distancing	97
tract infections	97
healthcare workers	95
viral rna	95
among patients	94
pregnant women	93
hospital admission	93
tested positive	92
avian influenza	92
viral shedding	90
new york	90
clinical trial	90
disease severity	88
increased risk	87
influenza vaccine	86
infection control	86
care workers	86
index case	84
human metapneumovirus	84
confirmed covid	84
ill patients	84
severe disease	83
ct values	83
viral loads	83
seasonal influenza	82
infectious disease	81
sars coronavirus	81
critically ill	81
coronavirus infection	79
influenza vaccination	79
case patients	77
study period	76
patients infected	75
clinical outcomes	75
diagnostic testing	74
may also	72
antibiotic therapy	72
mycoplasma pneumoniae	72
pandemic influenza	71
respiratory distress	69
influenza pandemic	69
respiratory infections	69
human coronavirus	68
streptococcal pharyngitis	68
immune response	67
underlying medical	67
attack rate	67
viral infection	67
viral infections	67
copies ml	65
test results	65
medical conditions	64
serum samples	64
streptococcus pneumoniae	64
influenza viruses	63
nasopharyngeal swab	63
case series	63
respiratory failure	63
logistic regression	62
performed using	62
antimicrobial therapy	61
care unit	61
older adults	61
tract infection	61
age groups	61
confidence interval	60
clinical course	59
patients hospitalized	58
control measures	58
antibody responses	58
icu admission	58
age group	57
borna disease	57
supplementary table	57
virus infections	57
convalescent plasma	56
control group	56
stem cell	55
rbv rifn	55
asymptomatic individuals	54
infected patients	54
significantly higher	54
adverse events	54
young children	54
otitis media	53
cov infection	52
chest ct	52
controlled trial	52
diagnostic tests	52
higher risk	52
case patient	51
statistically significant	51
general population	51
respiratory disease	51
respiratory specimens	51
staphylococcus aureus	50
antibody response	49
respiratory viral	49
patients receiving	49
pcr test	48
respiratory illness	48
nasopharyngeal swabs	48
within days	48
high risk	48
emergency department	47
sample size	47
risk factor	47
time pcr	47
common cold	47
close contacts	47
viral culture	47
respiratory infection	46
protective equipment	46
current study	46
rsv infection	46
informed consent	46
large number	45
distress syndrome	45
ct value	45
personal protective	45
converting enzyme	44
present study	44
positive results	44
coronavirus pneumonia	44
vaccine effectiveness	44
incubation period	43
time rt	43
observational study	43
control study	43
sore throat	43
odds ratio	43
pcr testing	43
infection prevention	43
median age	43
positive sars	42
gilead sciences	42
pulmonary disease	42
aged years	42
bronchoalveolar lavage	42
specimen collection	42
randomized controlled	42
york city	42
close contact	42
reverse transcription	41
haemophilus influenzae	41
samples obtained	41
within hours	41
respiratory pathogens	41
pcr assay	41
factors associated	41
previous studies	41
south korea	41
cell transplant	40
clinical specimens	40
np swab	40
negative results	40
transmission dynamics	39
diseases society	39
household transmission	39
adult patients	39
mortality rate	39
study population	39
pcr results	39
community transmission	38
hiv infection	37
human immunodeficiency	37
prospective study	37
south africa	37
ebola virus	37
significant difference	37
antiviral therapy	37
predictive value	37
acute rejection	37
institutional review	36
pcr assays	36
asymptomatic cases	36
immunodeficiency virus	36
regression model	36
stool samples	36
treated patients	36
drug administration	36
years old	36
severe cap	36
blood cultures	36
monoclonal antibody	36
infection among	36
mycobacterium tuberculosis	35
asymptomatic patients	35
two groups	35
high viral	35
like illness	35
bal fluid	35
lung injury	35
review board	35
confidence intervals	35
mean age	34
hemolytic streptococci	34
distancing measures	34
less likely	34
symptomatic patients	34
amoy gardens	34
hsct recipients	34
observational studies	34
severe respiratory	34
healthcare settings	34
pneumococcal pneumonia	34
case fatality	34
cell transplantation	34
care facilities	34
cell culture	34
asymptomatic infections	34
bacterial pathogens	33
spike protein	33
bone marrow	33
clinical data	33
associated pneumonia	33
influenza infection	33
reactive protein	33
nasal swabs	33
antiretroviral therapy	33
specific antibodies	33
virus disease	33
diabetes mellitus	33
hubei province	33
neutralizing antibodies	32
chronic obstructive	32
significantly lower	32
immune system	32
patients admitted	32
blood group	32
vaccination program	32
among adults	32
human transmission	32
test result	32
critical care	32
obstructive pulmonary	32
vaccination status	32
viral respiratory	32
coronavirus infections	32
exact test	32
specimens obtained	32
per day	32
cytokine storm	32
icmje form	32
medical records	31
race ethnicity	31
lung disease	31
significant differences	31
rapid antigen	31
immunocompromised patients	31
pneumoniae infection	31
baseline characteristics	31
acute sinusitis	31
antimicrobial stewardship	31
previously reported	31
study design	31
hospital stay	31
igg antibodies	31
antigen tests	31
generation antihistamines	31
findings suggest	31
monoclonal antibodies	31
day mortality	31
hematopoietic stem	31
retrospective cohort	31
parainfluenza virus	30
antibody titers	30
antibiotic treatment	30
significantly associated	30
controlled trials	30
positive patients	30
pleural fluid	30
kidney disease	30
tract disease	30
immune responses	30
first week	30
respiratory samples	30
supplemental oxygen	30
infected pneumonia	30
global health	30
school closures	29
editors consider	29
outcomes among	29
consider relevant	29
new coronavirus	29
mortality among	29
lung transplant	29
positive cases	29
rheumatic fever	29
adults hospitalized	29
sars cov	29
data suggest	29
viral clearance	29
serum therapy	29
heart failure	29
illness onset	29
adverse outcomes	29
antibody therapy	29
culture results	29
clinical manifestations	29
nai treatment	29
chik virus	28
clinical presentation	28
id physicians	28
time reverse	28
severe cases	28
may lead	28
based therapies	28
viral replication	28
infected individuals	28
cell count	28
bcg vaccination	28
transcription polymerase	28
airborne transmission	28
people living	28
patients may	28
emerging infectious	28
attack rates	28
sample collection	28
one study	27
confirmed sars	27
persons aged	27
patient care	27
low viral	27
index patient	27
sinus cavity	27
antibiotic use	27
laboratory workers	27
negative controls	27
human coronaviruses	27
financial support	27
among children	27
study group	27
among hospitalized	27
reverse transcriptase	27
epithelial cells	27
primary outcome	27
fatality rate	27
blood samples	27
standard deviation	27
saliva specimens	27
oxygen saturation	27
vaccine hesitancy	26
serum specimens	26
neutralizing antibody	26
reported cases	26
clinical infectious	26
days prior	26
real time	26
nervous system	26
positive rt	26
throat cultures	26
patients treated	26
cap cases	26
determine whether	26
chronic sinusitis	26
saudi arabia	26
clinical practice	26
nursing home	26
united kingdom	26
hospital mortality	26
independently associated	26
high prevalence	26
disease virus	26
prospective cohort	26
cardiovascular disease	26
continuous variables	25
clinical samples	25
antigen detection	25
human bocavirus	25
bacterial infection	25
patients received	25
urinary antigen	25
future studies	25
severe pneumonia	25
angiotensin ii	25
influenza season	25
severe illness	25
organ failure	25
clinical symptoms	25
term care	25
human milk	25
demographic characteristics	25
chronic kidney	25
available data	25
nasal congestion	25
clinical signs	25
hct recipients	25
serological testing	25
university hospital	24
log copies	24
statistical analysis	24
person transmission	24
retrospective study	24
transport media	24
acute lung	24
recent studies	24
influenza vaccines	24
tested negative	24
maxillary sinus	24
samples collected	24
study participants	24
clinical response	24
recent study	24
ct scan	24
suspected cases	24
serologic testing	24
developing countries	24
healthcare facilities	24
nosocomial transmission	24
family members	24
chest radiograph	24
national health	24
cycle threshold	24
gram stain	24
sciences inc	24
pcr tests	24
combination therapy	24
several limitations	24
bacterial pneumonia	23
patients without	23
sensitivity analyses	23
novel influenza	23
data collection	23
molecular testing	23
blood pressure	23
twice daily	23
hematopoietic cell	23
nested pcr	23
ethics committee	23
control groups	23
multivariate analysis	23
clinical evaluation	23
swab specimens	23
antibiotic resistance	23
septic shock	23
igg antibody	23
randomized clinical	23
acute pharyngitis	23
acute otitis	23
nucleic acids	23
per week	23
pediatric patients	23
mild symptoms	23
adverse effects	23
descriptive study	23
lopinavir ritonavir	23
central nervous	23
based study	23
rheumatoid arthritis	23
clinical improvement	23
receptor blockers	23
million doses	22
cell responses	22
lymphocyte count	22
virus type	22
negative rt	22
significant reduction	22
ct imaging	22
intravenous immunoglobulin	22
clinical severity	22
viral nucleic	22
strong recommendation	22
mildly symptomatic	22
index cases	22
interquartile range	22
congestive heart	22
spreading events	22
angiotensin system	22
health system	22
chronic lung	22
medical condition	22
antiviral activity	22
case reports	22
cov rna	22
healthcare system	22
secondary attack	22
maxillary sinusitis	22
clinical studies	22
medical center	22
clinically relevant	22
serological tests	22
young adults	22
susceptibility testing	22
first positive	22
reported symptoms	22
community outbreak	22
reference method	22
supplementary materials	21
molecular diagnostics	21
among participants	21
performance characteristics	21
marrow transplant	21
ct scans	21
higher viral	21
hiv status	21
included patients	21
cell counts	21
nucleocapsid protein	21
nasopharyngeal aspirate	21
physical examination	21
school closure	21
cytopathic effect	21
acquired infection	21
antiviral treatment	21
year age	21
therapeutic agents	21
may increase	21
test accuracy	21
research grants	21
oral therapy	21
swine workers	21
clinical failure	21
free days	21
treatment effect	21
median duration	21
treatment group	21
wuhan city	21
positive test	21
swab samples	20
clinical laboratory	20
coronary artery	20
rsv viral	20
hmpv infection	20
data analysis	20
household members	20
mg kg	20
surveillance system	20
healthcare systems	20
case report	20
chronic bronchitis	20
multiplex pcr	20
fluid specimens	20
cases per	20
small sample	20
rapid diagnosis	20
asymptomatic case	20
two weeks	20
positive result	20
viral transport	20
sex differences	20
least one	20
requiring hospitalization	20
aerosol transmission	20
blood culture	20
first case	20
respiratory illnesses	20
total number	20
controlled clinical	20
control subjects	20
emergency declarations	20
mainland china	20
infections among	20
human infection	20
medical record	19
viral pathogens	19
north america	19
cov outbreak	19
invasive mechanical	19
empirical therapy	19
sars patients	19
poor outcomes	19
np swabs	19
sars outbreak	19
brain tissue	19
older age	19
pcr positive	19
corresponding author	19
median time	19
healthcare providers	19
will need	19
health departments	19
chinese center	19
nasopharyngeal specimens	19
vertical transmission	19
sectional study	19
another study	19
widely used	19
hospitalization rates	19
described elsewhere	19
children aged	19
suspected covid	19
antimicrobial resistance	19
limited data	19
currently available	19
skilled nursing	19
bacterial infections	19
commercially available	19
acid amplification	19
epidemic curve	19
hospital admissions	19
regression models	19
per patient	19
influenzae type	19
among older	19
icu patients	19
saharan africa	19
early stage	19
herpes simplex	19
oropharyngeal swabs	19
may contribute	19
risk patients	19
causative agent	19
specimen type	19
dear editor	19
supportive care	19
previous study	19
specimen types	19
results suggest	19
family cluster	19
several studies	18
parainfluenza viruses	18
physical distancing	18
information regarding	18
written informed	18
chest radiography	18
immune globulin	18
nitric oxide	18
immunosorbent assay	18
transcriptase polymerase	18
lower mortality	18
microbiology laboratory	18
confirmed case	18
community acquired	18
underlying conditions	18
statistical analyses	18
artery disease	18
nasal mucus	18
additional studies	18
working group	18
tract specimens	18
severe infection	18
hiv viral	18
false negative	18
healthy adults	18
important role	18
diagnostic test	18
epidemiological data	18
clinical diagnosis	18
electronic medical	18
catchment area	18
study drug	18
body mass	18
modelling study	18
case definition	18
study clinical	18
direct contact	18
study showed	18
better understand	18
linked immunosorbent	18
laden aerosols	18
igm antibodies	18
positive predictive	18
imported cases	18
antibody testing	18
selection bias	18
randomized trial	18
dosing regimen	18
molecular diagnostic	18
antimicrobial susceptibility	18
primary patients	18
sas institute	18
regression analysis	18
moderate recommendation	18
categorical variables	18
cafo swine	18
time points	18
national institutes	18
disease outbreak	18
asymptomatic infection	18
mt swabs	18
clinical laboratories	18
previously described	18
resistant staphylococcus	18
interval ci	18
throat swab	18
statistical significance	17
blood cell	17
disease course	17
patients will	17
antigen test	17
mass index	17
epidemiological characteristics	17
severe community	17
reference laboratory	17
important lessons	17
safety profile	17
elderly patients	17
dosing regimens	17
different types	17
level iii	17
even though	17
cohort studies	17
placebo group	17
viral pneumonia	17
surveillance network	17
developed symptoms	17
heart rate	17
western cape	17
global pandemic	17
gold standard	17
testing positive	17
mediated isothermal	17
among individuals	17
rifn therapy	17
antibody positive	17
severe outcomes	17
may reflect	17
observational cohort	17
acute renal	17
potential role	17
throat swabs	17
associated hospitalization	17
stool specimens	17
noninfluenza respiratory	17
children years	17
respiratory diseases	17
clinical care	17
negative test	17
legionella species	17
less common	17
solid organ	17
cells mm	17
may still	17
personal fees	17
symptomatic cases	17
negative predictive	17
animal models	17
small number	17
iii evidence	17
approved cleared	17
cd ra	16
first days	16
contaminated area	16
human challenge	16
organ transplant	16
rapid diagnostic	16
associated infections	16
disease progression	16
fatal cases	16
smallpox vaccination	16
odds ratios	16
amino acid	16
cold symptom	16
nl infection	16
hazard ratio	16
rapid detection	16
room temperature	16
gender differences	16
two patients	16
serial interval	16
study also	16
female patients	16
zhejiang province	16
deep sequencing	16
may occur	16
drug resistance	16
pilot study	16
cd cell	16
prospective studies	16
conjugate vaccine	16
infants born	16
one patient	16
atypical pneumonia	16
bacterial fungal	16
white blood	16
healthcare setting	16
viral genome	16
aspirate specimens	16
among household	16
renal failure	16
interim guidance	16
infectious agents	16
detection rate	16
middle ear	16
older children	16
rhinovirus colds	16
study date	16
computed tomography	16
emergency use	16
pneumonia etiology	16
blood donors	16
remains unclear	16
higher proportion	16
time period	16
acute infection	16
hospitalized adults	16
previous reports	16
patients aged	16
positivity rate	16
compared using	16
mortality due	16
acute wheezing	16
health authorities	16
west africa	16
sputum culture	16
will likely	16
tcid ml	16
tract samples	16
supplementary methods	16
sinus aspirates	16
primary endpoint	16
march th	16
net catchment	16
sars cases	16
receptor binding	16
natural history	16
wbc count	15
clinical impact	15
study found	15
antiviral agents	15
data provided	15
lower among	15
qt prolongation	15
supplemental table	15
microbiologic response	15
study protocol	15
healthy volunteers	15
rate ratios	15
whole blood	15
study treatment	15
nosocomial outbreak	15
antiviral drugs	15
adjusted odds	15
middle meatus	15
national institute	15
inflammatory response	15
empirical antibiotic	15
first two	15
simplex virus	15
hiv testing	15
virus isolation	15
human parechovirus	15
us population	15
systematic reviews	15
will require	15
hiv patients	15
clinical disease	15
passive antibody	15
findings may	15
clean area	15
specimens collected	15
cruise ship	15
coronavirus associated	15
index patients	15
human rhinovirus	15
abo blood	15
health insurance	15
dp swabs	15
renal disease	15
laboratory confirmed	15
significantly reduced	15
corona virus	15
communityacquired pneumonia	15
rsv lrti	15
reported conflicts	15
nsaids users	15
health interventions	15
infected cells	15
primary care	15
cox proportional	15
symptomatic individuals	15
igg avidity	15
level i	15
high mortality	15
plasma samples	15
matched controls	15
cell cultures	15
male sex	15
inclusion criteria	15
relatively low	15
closely related	15
ace expression	15
control strategies	15
level ii	15
infection rates	15
cluster hk	15
symptomatic employees	15
viral detection	15
cryptococcus neoformans	15
retrospective analysis	15
ang ii	15
hospitalization rate	15
secondary infection	15
per year	15
asymptomatic carrier	15
vaccine development	15
pneumococcal polysaccharide	15
asymptomatic sars	15
newly discovered	15
admission decision	15
associated coronavirus	15
study included	15
low prevalence	15
days since	15
acquired infections	15
grants paid	15
negative control	15
assessed using	15
influenza transmission	15
discharged patients	15
well tolerated	15
among persons	15
clinical findings	15
vaccine program	15
healthcare worker	15
hospital discharge	15
serum sample	15
respiratory pcr	14
disease burden	14
proportional hazards	14
host factors	14
acute maxillary	14
cap guidelines	14
health systems	14
million people	14
test performance	14
mortality risk	14
adults aged	14
control practices	14
quantitative pcr	14
mortality rates	14
laboratory testing	14
peripheral blood	14
symptom severity	14
postexposure prophylaxis	14
lactate dehydrogenase	14
hand hygiene	14
human respiratory	14
th epi	14
high level	14
time polymerase	14
recently published	14
conducted using	14
sinus puncture	14
hospitalized children	14
radiological findings	14
cases reported	14
laboratory findings	14
mechanically ventilated	14
pcr positivity	14
clinical stability	14
clinical progression	14
critical illness	14
vitro antiviral	14
oxygen supplementation	14
day course	14
lus score	14
acid extraction	14
medical care	14
studies reported	14
two days	14
antibody levels	14
pneumococcal disease	14
antibody test	14
increased mortality	14
hospitalized covid	14
nab titers	14
i evidence	14
experimental rhinovirus	14
failure requiring	14
ncov infection	14
swine influenza	14
chest pain	14
ii evidence	14
care units	14
cerebrospinal fluid	14
also associated	14
tuberculosis control	14
fungal co	14
hemorrhagic fever	14
among covid	14
among hcws	14
rna detection	14
high rates	14
epidemic curves	14
virus replication	14
severe influenza	14
pseudomonas aeruginosa	14
th week	14
capsular polysaccharide	14
wide range	14
testing capacity	14
severely ill	14
microbial etiology	14
surveillance data	14
neuraminidase inhibitors	14
nonpharmaceutical interventions	14
relatively high	14
aerosolized ribavirin	14
virus load	14
male patients	14
nasopharyngeal samples	14
infection may	14
common respiratory	14
antibody positivity	14
airborne spread	14
respiratory rate	14
may provide	14
also found	14
travel history	14
phase serum	14
data collected	14
readily available	14
symptom screening	14
data available	14
vector control	14
renal transplant	14
clinical research	14
surveillance systems	14
china clinical	14
nasal swab	14
induced sputum	14
acquired respiratory	14
may result	14
influenza rvi	14
time point	13
sample sizes	13
id physician	13
low risk	13
child health	13
internal control	13
considered statistically	13
rates among	13
acid detection	13
newly identified	13
marginal structural	13
prevention strategies	13
thoracic society	13
clinical significance	13
exposed participants	13
hemolytic streptococcal	13
heart disease	13
illness among	13
polysaccharide vaccine	13
adult inpatients	13
analyzed using	13
two cases	13
fisher exact	13
rural areas	13
supplementary appendix	13
contact investigation	13
posted materials	13
pandemic started	13
molecular assays	13
human influenza	13
disease transmission	13
allogeneic hematopoietic	13
secondary cases	13
diagnostic methods	13
semicontaminated area	13
marrow transplantation	13
authors declare	13
received treatment	13
avert hospitalizations	13
receiving presatovir	13
carrier transmission	13
combination treatment	13
vitro diagnostic	13
laboratory diagnosis	13
inflammatory drugs	13
minor criteria	13
higher prevalence	13
per person	13
leukocyte count	13
mitigation strategies	13
microbiologic diagnosis	13
influenza activity	13
transport medium	13
liver disease	13
birth cohort	13
medical history	13
year study	13
benzathine penicillin	13
escherichia coli	13
hispanic black	13
rna clearance	13
conjugate vaccines	13
abu dhabi	13
serum antibody	13
likely due	13
detect sars	13
nasal secretions	13
influenza seasons	13
data capture	13
early transmission	13
clinical microbiology	13
confirmed influenza	13
requiring mechanical	13
available evidence	13
etiologic agent	13
symptoms associated	13
asymptomatic transmission	13
among symptomatic	13
missing data	13
gastrointestinal symptoms	13
early diagnosis	13
sole responsibility	13
health department	13
bacterial load	13
tested using	13
treatment outcomes	13
bacteremic pneumococcal	13
clinical attack	13
health response	13
significant association	13
rvi episodes	13
among healthcare	13
lymphocyte subsets	13
individual patient	13
acute pancreatitis	13
viral agents	13
electronic data	13
clinical criteria	13
results showed	13
days later	13
antibody detection	13
illness severity	13
public sector	13
acute exacerbations	13
cohort entry	13
secondary bacterial	13
healthcare personnel	13
placebo recipients	13
may help	13
multivariable logistic	13
mild covid	13
higher among	13
high levels	13
frequently reported	13
face masks	13
among people	13
pneumonia due	13
cfu ml	13
respiratory pathogen	13
multiplex real	12
new device	12
positive samples	12
scarlet fever	12
suspected sars	12
cd count	12
situation report	12
care worker	12
well documented	12
propensity score	12
cell line	12
smoking status	12
many patients	12
better understanding	12
presatovir treatment	12
patients whose	12
weighted average	12
normal chest	12
zika virus	12
chest radiographs	12
us food	12
neonatal outcomes	12
detection methods	12
pcr kit	12
runny nose	12
highest risk	12
reports grants	12
patient populations	12
based studies	12
considered positive	12
evidence suggests	12
city closure	12
dp swab	12
laboratory values	12
molecular methods	12
treatment failure	12
secondary endpoints	12
coronavirus nl	12
sars epidemic	12
reduced olfaction	12
submitted work	12
comorbid conditions	12
calculated using	12
clinical assessment	12
pleural effusion	12
innate immune	12
presumed asymptomatic	12
age years	12
severe obesity	12
pneumonia outbreak	12
legionnaires disease	12
acute care	12
influenza among	12
barr virus	12
hbov infection	12
greater risk	12
corticosteroid therapy	12
several weeks	12
vaccinated group	12
also reported	12
health conditions	12
age distribution	12
clinical cases	12
cap group	12
multicenter study	12
least days	12
transplant recipient	12
testing strategies	12
diamond princess	12
center experience	12
nursing homes	12
ncov pneumonia	12
virus detected	12
pneumoniae infections	12
antimicrobial agents	12
following criteria	12
younger adults	12
control drug	12
study reported	12
asymptomatic persons	12
severe coronavirus	12
guideline panel	12
multiplex rt	12
pleconaril recipients	12
ct findings	12
coronavirus oc	12
nursing facility	12
april th	12
rna virus	12
high proportion	12
authors report	12
commonly reported	12
average change	12
clinical benefit	12
unexposed participants	12
pneumococcal bacteremia	12
diagnostic device	12
asymptomatic covid	12
vaccination coverage	12
rna viruses	12
potential confounding	12
doses per	12
myocardial infarction	12
respiratory protection	12
patients requiring	12
acute bacterial	12
ventilated patients	12
clinical management	12
disease caused	12
results may	12
rhinovirus infection	12
presumed microbiologic	12
cumulative incidence	12
reduced mortality	12
metapneumovirus infection	12
angiotensin converting	12
care hospital	12
health officials	12
reported confirmed	12
type i	12
prevalence among	12
angiotensin receptor	12
pathological changes	12
cases occurred	12
disease among	12
phylogenetic analysis	12
rsv cohort	12
adjacent bay	12
chikungunya virus	12
outpatient visits	12
specific antibody	12
influenza testing	12
practice guidelines	12
vast majority	12
million cases	11
challenge study	11
normal range	11
older patients	11
secondary infections	11
infections may	11
spatial distribution	11
direct evidence	11
sputum specimens	11
nasopharyngeal aspirates	11
viral etiology	11
much lower	11
clinical performance	11
worse outcomes	11
patients presenting	11
also observed	11
hospital infection	11
clinical reference	11
protease inhibitor	11
series analysis	11
selected patients	11
single center	11
new cases	11
vs days	11
throat culture	11
transplant patients	11
cesarean section	11
higher rate	11
commonly used	11
nosocomial infection	11
recent report	11
rate among	11
pneumococcal conjugate	11
grade ii	11
local health	11
fatality rates	11
sputum samples	11
humoral response	11
identify patients	11
transmission pairs	11
invasive pneumococcal	11
infection within	11
rsv infections	11
first cases	11
healthy individuals	11
clinical case	11
tertiary care	11
new jersey	11
positive viral	11
recently reported	11
virus detection	11
received research	11
medical students	11
exclusion criteria	11
mexico city	11
xtag rvp	11
lrtd progression	11
pharmaceutical interventions	11
based cohort	11
latent tuberculosis	11
cell entry	11
autopsy laboratory	11
op swab	11
lung ultrasound	11
diagnostic assays	11
fatigue syndrome	11
symptom profiles	11
decision making	11
first covid	11
diagnostic devices	11
five days	11
blood levels	11
estimated using	11
orf ab	11
higher rates	11
center study	11
virus origins	11
tumor necrosis	11
see supplementary	11
received rbv	11
lac dph	11
laboratory tests	11
second week	11
using sas	11
three patients	11
ct score	11
drotrecogin alfa	11
vital signs	11
swine farms	11
authors thank	11
hospitalized cases	11
nab levels	11
also included	11
molecular detection	11
special issue	11
nosocomial pneumonia	11
second index	11
streptococcal infections	11
sot recipients	11
hematologic malignancies	11
infections caused	11
infectious virus	11
serious adverse	11
efficacy population	11
chronic fatigue	11
cov transmission	11
prior studies	11
long term	11
clinical cure	11
saliva samples	11
resistant tuberculosis	11
necrosis factor	11
tuberculosis notifications	11
pev infections	11
prospective observational	11
isothermal amplification	11
urinary tract	11
viral cultures	11
pediatric emergency	11
infected animals	11
huh cells	11
underlying disease	11
noninvasive ventilation	11
smallpox virus	11
paranasal sinuses	11
four patients	11
mean time	11
mg twice	11
molecular tests	11
common symptoms	11
fluid dynamics	11
patients recovered	11
among health	11
versus non	11
abdominal pain	11
different respiratory	11
side effects	11
care settings	11
publicly reported	11
associated hospitalizations	11
viral illness	11
much higher	11
clinical relevance	11
supplementary material	11
acute phase	11
chik fever	11
may reduce	11
two consecutive	11
challenge trials	11
severe outcome	11
electronic health	11
common among	11
chronic hepatitis	11
positive individuals	11
total nucleic	11
severe symptoms	11
viral dynamics	11
flu seasons	11
diseases online	11
retrospective studies	11
protective effect	11
coronavirus outbreak	11
mg dl	11
potential therapeutic	11
patients included	11
sinus aspirate	11
laboratory test	11
infections due	11
detectable antibodies	10
vero cells	10
negative patients	10
clinical evidence	10
cd cells	10
tropical diseases	10
asymptomatic carriers	10
also collected	10
droplet precautions	10
pcr diagnostic	10
specific primers	10
particularly important	10
capture elisa	10
inflammatory markers	10
sneeze reflex	10
significantly increased	10
aspirate cultures	10
advisory committee	10
influenza epidemics	10
literature review	10
related outcomes	10
detectable viral	10
pacific region	10
oxford immunotec	10
kidney injury	10
gustatory dysfunction	10
distant bays	10
using data	10
time series	10
doctor shopping	10
developed severe	10
practice guideline	10
measles virus	10
population outflow	10
pbpk models	10
diagnostic panel	10
brain barrier	10
clinical study	10
positive controls	10
etiologic agents	10
virological assessment	10
valentine leukocidin	10
pcr method	10
specific igm	10
flu season	10
turnaround time	10
month period	10
serological assays	10
ribavirin use	10
plasma therapy	10
laboratory methods	10
time nested	10
secondary outcomes	10
survivor group	10
therapeutic trials	10
genetic diversity	10
influenza outbreak	10
epidemiological studies	10
may play	10
pneumonia among	10
population density	10
less severe	10
causative pathogen	10
term outcomes	10
respiratory secretions	10
data regarding	10
limited settings	10
tests may	10
first dose	10
different time	10
loading dose	10
studies showed	10
specimens tested	10
expectorated sputum	10
took place	10
sensitivity analysis	10
mers patients	10
mini kit	10
clinical decision	10
op swabs	10
chlamydia trachomatis	10
factors may	10
antibody titer	10
elderly people	10
igg levels	10
randomly selected	10
virus culture	10
lupus erythematosus	10
health commission	10
studies using	10
th day	10
patients reported	10
healthy children	10
care personnel	10
neglected tropical	10
clinical parameters	10
rhinovirus infections	10
etiologic diagnosis	10
health emergency	10
clinical specimen	10
stool specimen	10
included studies	10
specific treatment	10
studies reporting	10
pneumonia requiring	10
meningococcal disease	10
described previously	10
temporal dynamics	10
higher mortality	10
early detection	10
homeless shelters	10
tuberculosis patients	10
first time	10
associated sars	10
blood agar	10
use authorization	10
significantly different	10
hospitalization surveillance	10
among asymptomatic	10
without hiv	10
laboratory data	10
year period	10
older individuals	10
detection rates	10
previously healthy	10
population movement	10
ace receptor	10
glass opacities	10
cases among	10
also assessed	10
first months	10
tracing efforts	10
health services	10
cystic fibrosis	10
chronic diseases	10
viral transmission	10
presymptomatic transmission	10
risk populations	10
probe prodesse	10
current evidence	10
influenza pandemics	10
disposable gown	10
disease may	10
atypical pathogens	10
within households	10
randomised controlled	10
immune function	10
general medical	10
ec values	10
inactivated influenza	10
hiv aids	10
different dosing	10
vaccination programs	10
closing schools	10
multivariate analyses	10
health research	10
immune sera	10
observational data	10
aldosterone system	10
study shows	10
ebola outbreak	10
vaginal delivery	10
positive blood	10
patient population	10
severe sepsis	10
mortality associated	10
negative bacilli	10
th percentile	10
early treatment	10
differential diagnosis	10
blood sample	10
testing resources	10
pneumonia associated	10
care facility	10
symptomatic covid	10
infection risk	10
section ct	10
protease inhibitors	10
complete resolution	10
infected children	10
positive np	10
electron microscopy	10
protective immunity	10
bacterial pathogen	10
outpatient treatment	10
renal function	10
mild disease	10
general hospital	10
common causes	10
wide variety	10
controlled studies	10
critical cases	10
emergency departments	10
false positive	9
specific antiviral	9
palm civets	9
systemic lupus	9
alfa activated	9
san francisco	9
less sensitive	9
provide evidence	9
immortal time	9
igm elisa	9
living unsheltered	9
severe clinical	9
chik infection	9
case finding	9
steroidal anti	9
preterm delivery	9
infectious agent	9
nearly half	9
ras inhibitors	9
vitro activity	9
forward transmission	9
host cells	9
study may	9
studies suggest	9
diagnostic procedures	9
antiviral effect	9
pool size	9
drug interactions	9
relatively small	9
required hospitalization	9
west nile	9
pev detection	9
large proportion	9
computational fluid	9
occupational risk	9
false positives	9
three groups	9
acid testing	9
medical staff	9
antibiotic prescribing	9
single dose	9
become available	9
medical college	9
lung aspiration	9
since onset	9
transmission potential	9
diagnosis interval	9
transmission heterogeneity	9
may need	9
febrile infants	9
one day	9
applied biosystems	9
clinical information	9
biopsy specimens	9
antiviral drug	9
two case	9
nasal passages	9
clostridium difficile	9
patients might	9
high titers	9
hypothetical virus	9
transmission within	9
retrospective case	9
possible cause	9
sars pneumonia	9
antibody tests	9
outbreak associated	9
tuberculosis treatment	9
acute kidney	9
infection due	9
times daily	9
may require	9
aerosol generation	9
higher number	9
otherwise healthy	9
severity scenario	9
acute rheumatic	9
plus bal	9
biosafety level	9
safety monitoring	9
lavage fluid	9
received grants	9
pulmonary infiltrates	9
current recommendations	9
diagnostic accuracy	9
classical ras	9
laboratory director	9
mild respiratory	9
frontline hcws	9
episodes per	9
clinical use	9
pcr using	9
affected countries	9
positive specimens	9
rapid tests	9
isolation precautions	9
rhesus macaques	9
pulmonary edema	9
first day	9
bronchiolitis obliterans	9
administrative data	9
replacement therapy	9
protective clothing	9
cell lines	9
consultant fees	9
studies will	9
tract complications	9
probable sars	9
tests will	9
repeat testing	9
oral transmission	9
intervention arm	9
participants reported	9
effect size	9
lung involvement	9
blood glucose	9
using different	9
important cause	9
vitro susceptibility	9
congregate settings	9
specimen obtained	9
laboratory confirmation	9
influenza cohort	9
among women	9
lung tissue	9
symptom diaries	9
research ethics	9
patient characteristics	9
washington state	9
pev infection	9
lung pathology	9
cov case	9
require hospitalization	9
respiratory droplets	9
pneumonia cases	9
convenience sample	9
clinical outcome	9
research electronic	9
corticosteroid treatment	9
tissue culture	9
surveillance testing	9
bacterial loads	9
mixed infections	9
immune complex	9
novel human	9
active control	9
oseltamivir treatment	9
including sars	9
dry cough	9
igm antibody	9
virus carriers	9
test negative	9
committee members	9
throat wash	9
tb patients	9
genomic characterisation	9
school staff	9
risk groups	9
fob plus	9
high sensitivity	9
healthcare professionals	9
cns manifestations	9
disease prevention	9
higher bmi	9
consulting fees	9
patient outcomes	9
two studies	9
buffer zone	9
communicable diseases	9
study using	9
organ transplantation	9
onset date	9
luminex xtag	9
coronavirus indicating	9
risk areas	9
first report	9
higher levels	9
validation cohort	9
inverse probability	9
abnormal chest	9
acid tests	9
reference standard	9
widespread testing	9
case detection	9
negative pressure	9
international spread	9
hospital day	9
may include	9
community respiratory	9
analytical sensitivity	9
newly recognized	9
nd week	9
wenzhou anti	9
familial cluster	9
per million	9
fecal samples	9
pathogen detection	9
influenza rvis	9
cape province	9
epidemiological features	9
early march	9
coronavirus hku	9
blood gas	9
published studies	9
quantitative detection	9
immunomodulatory effects	9
diarrheal stool	9
productive cough	9
panel agreed	9
vaccination rate	9
liver transplant	9
neuraminidase inhibitor	9
potential risk	9
neisseria gonorrhoeae	9
adverse reactions	9
new human	9
bpa group	9
flnp swabs	9
cause mortality	9
complete case	9
enzyme inhibitors	9
serial intervals	9
income countries	9
visceral leishmaniasis	9
optical density	9
immunocompromised hosts	9
nosocomial infections	9
system inhibitors	9
bacterial co	9
dose glucocorticoids	9
remains unknown	9
lymph nodes	9
arterial blood	9
analysis showed	9
bacterial etiology	9
low cd	9
detectable sars	9
supplementary information	8
therapeutic option	8
potential confounders	8
persistent infection	8
higher mean	8
general guidelines	8
study sites	8
hydroxychloroquine sulfate	8
chart review	8
preliminary report	8
ciz sha	8
becton dickinson	8
cell activation	8
three times	8
inconclusive results	8
blood transfusion	8
significant decrease	8
surgical masks	8
therapeutic agent	8
symptoms reported	8
evidence supporting	8
aspartate aminotransferase	8
fusion inhibitor	8
sample obtained	8
decisions regarding	8
human services	8
patients also	8
round pcr	8
health surveillance	8
psi score	8
limited number	8
post hoc	8
individuals may	8
nsaids use	8
first reported	8
viral genomes	8
lymphatic filariasis	8
left lower	8
cold symptoms	8
multivariate logistic	8
antimicrobial agent	8
first identified	8
viral diseases	8
neisseria meningitidis	8
muscarinic receptors	8
pediatric cap	8
may limit	8
microbiological diagnosis	8
first tested	8
studies found	8
etiology research	8
virus types	8
pdm vaccine	8
urine samples	8
influenza infections	8
healthcare provider	8
local public	8
immunization practices	8
directed therapy	8
sars virus	8
sample pooling	8
different clinical	8
school community	8
using standard	8
respiratory tracts	8
age months	8
attributable risk	8
recent years	8
refractory covid	8
among influenza	8
group included	8
respiratory specimen	8
may st	8
reference laboratories	8
chlamydial infection	8
short period	8
spread rapidly	8
core airports	8
microbiological methods	8
oropharyngeal saliva	8
infection occurred	8
may affect	8
confirmed mers	8
clinically significant	8
collection methods	8
class ii	8
susceptibility patterns	8
regression discontinuity	8
np op	8
first weeks	8
data show	8
variola virus	8
entire population	8
may represent	8
previously published	8
cleared naats	8
hajj pilgrims	8
positive rate	8
body fluids	8
index day	8
acquired sinusitis	8
upper airway	8
cid ciz	8
rna load	8
potential impact	8
nasopharyngeal secretions	8
virus transmission	8
end point	8
viruses among	8
mortality data	8
influenza may	8
routine clinical	8
sinus disease	8
outside wuhan	8
stewardship programs	8
zoster virus	8
gene targets	8
health responses	8
risk among	8
per capita	8
treatment regimen	8
required mechanical	8
one case	8
index test	8
yielded positive	8
reduced sense	8
different countries	8
many countries	8
confounding factors	8
sars survivors	8
clinically proven	8
two cohorts	8
dendritic cells	8
quality control	8
rd week	8
comorbidity index	8
will provide	8
prognostic factors	8
among different	8
unpublished data	8
may benefit	8
develop symptoms	8
treatment effects	8
live virus	8
blood groups	8
serious infections	8
copies per	8
new technology	8
concerns regarding	8
complete blood	8
fda clearance	8
needle aspiration	8
peh living	8
increased incidence	8
internal medicine	8
findings provide	8
participants reporting	8
interactive web	8
may impact	8
positive cultures	8
gargle lavage	8
phase trial	8
cell leukemia	8
pcr negative	8
outpatient setting	8
acute lower	8
multiplex assay	8
sputum production	8
april st	8
potential pathogens	8
possible role	8
preventive measures	8
also important	8
antiviral effects	8
childhood pneumonia	8
new zealand	8
important outcomes	8
medical ward	8
acquired cases	8
bacterial culture	8
amplicor mycobacterium	8
first wave	8
laboratory results	8
syndrome among	8
influenza antiviral	8
vaccine candidates	8
human health	8
hospital outbreak	8
developing severe	8
time since	8
affected province	8
school closings	8
gene sequencing	8
mononuclear cells	8
cause severe	8
linear regression	8
months old	8
panel considered	8
ivd device	8
certainty evidence	8
live attenuated	8
leading cause	8
ii receptor	8
approximately one	8
influenza cases	8
western blot	8
quantitative polymerase	8
data interpretation	8
universal bcg	8
children human	8
origin influenza	8
health measures	8
pandemic caused	8
virus shedding	8
community spread	8
case definitions	8
environmental contamination	8
fees honoraria	8
endotracheal intubation	8
patients died	8
generation cases	8
sars among	8
nosocomial influenza	8
seroprevalence surveys	8
resistant organisms	8
vaccination may	8
publication bias	8
transmission risk	8
high specificity	8
host infectivity	8
herd immunity	8
bat origin	8
population level	8
ambulatory patients	8
therapy may	8
disease associated	8
serious illness	8
potential benefits	8
positive control	8
lung aspirate	8
multiple organ	8
mm hg	8
individual variation	8
convalescent blood	8
disease prevalence	8
mild illness	8
prevent nosocomial	8
household contact	8
trial design	8
natural colds	8
tuberculosis infection	8
ng ml	8
propensity scores	8
clinical spectrum	8
china epidemiological	8
comparative study	8
direct test	8
chronic conditions	8
patients diagnosed	8
colds due	8
children hospitalized	8
quality assurance	8
indicating person	8
may cause	8
lymphocytic choriomeningitis	8
tract illness	8
supply chain	8
charlson comorbidity	8
home orders	8
cancer patients	8
testing strategy	8
future clinical	8
high clinical	8
demographic data	8
new respiratory	8
staff members	8
agents acting	8
observation period	8
asymptomatic children	8
microbiologic eradication	8
severe infections	8
hospitalized adult	8
evaluated using	8
multivariable analysis	8
australian children	8
poisson regression	8
reducing transmission	8
genome sequencing	8
may vary	8
unique opportunity	8
probable bat	8
presymptomatic sars	8
primary case	8
using spss	8
highly effective	8
outpatient settings	8
guideline development	8
princess cruise	8
thank dr	8
alanine aminotransferase	8
disease clinical	8
infant outcomes	8
higher frequency	8
direct contacts	8
well known	8
preventable diseases	8
prior antibiotic	8
important implications	8
daily symptom	8
aspirate culture	8
posterior oropharyngeal	8
lancet infectious	8
partial pressure	8
day care	8
confirmatory testing	8
differ significantly	8
perch study	8
liver function	8
national surveillance	8
six days	8
health facilities	8
data may	8
days following	8
emerging infections	8
antibiotic dose	8
overall prevalence	8
common pathogens	8
collected saliva	8
specific symptoms	8
risk stratification	8
hcq blood	8
health record	8
inflammatory cytokines	8
temporal profiles	8
control efforts	7
human population	7
viral hemorrhagic	7
cytokine release	7
age cohorts	7
los angeles	7
type diabetes	7
chronic respiratory	7
blood products	7
nationwide analysis	7
rank test	7
fit testing	7
pulse oximetry	7
pcr amplification	7
rna mini	7
population included	7
slightly lower	7
north carolina	7
institute inc	7
less effective	7
women admitted	7
mediated immunity	7
causal relationship	7
renal insufficiency	7
viral pathogen	7
young infants	7
contact matrix	7
secondary transmission	7
patients showed	7
human cells	7
socioeconomic status	7
among pwh	7
may explain	7
many parts	7
mental health	7
taken together	7
hyperimmune globulins	7
employee testing	7
composite endpoint	7
may indicate	7
negative cases	7
label non	7
frontline healthcare	7
based antibiotic	7
eligibility criteria	7
randomized trials	7
unit admission	7
standard flnp	7
current clinical	7
entry depends	7
hiv epidemic	7
stool sample	7
bacterial species	7
sample well	7
rapid influenza	7
samples tested	7
clinical efficacy	7
chronic disease	7
molecular epidemiology	7
social media	7
infection human	7
controlled study	7
care services	7
pneumococcal vaccine	7
ground glass	7
fda guidance	7
doses administered	7
among plwh	7
emergency response	7
term follow	7
hospitalization due	7
lung cancer	7
nlus score	7
first step	7
mathematical modeling	7
disease onset	7
household transmissions	7
serological investigation	7
kidney transplant	7
patient management	7
hand washing	7
nebulized ifn	7
emergency medical	7
preliminary results	7
recently emerged	7
syndrome virus	7
ventilation system	7
nasal samples	7
secondary analysis	7
invasive bacterial	7
winter months	7
study provides	7
lower limit	7
short course	7
study demonstrates	7
nasal rsv	7
general practitioners	7
syndromic surveillance	7
precautionary practices	7
load dynamics	7
acute expiratory	7
nile virus	7
seafood market	7
especially among	7
inflammatory syndrome	7
st century	7
antibiotic stewardship	7
therapeutic intervention	7
viral inoculum	7
clinical presentations	7
pulmonary infection	7
existing evidence	7
infection clinical	7
resistant strains	7
pulmonary function	7
health disparities	7
among female	7
leukemia virus	7
urgently needed	7
control studies	7
infection date	7
treatment groups	7
pcr cycle	7
quantitative rt	7
screening program	7
prolonged viral	7
find evidence	7
platelet count	7
risks associated	7
elevated ldh	7
residential buildings	7
consecutive patients	7
amplification tests	7
low ct	7
known viruses	7
pcr confirmed	7
ongoing covid	7
reduce transmission	7
confirmed coronavirus	7
blood specimens	7
tract viral	7
adaptive immune	7
graft rejection	7
intended use	7
lamp assay	7
routine diagnostic	7
virus challenge	7
risk class	7
low due	7
reported loss	7
without influenza	7
current outbreak	7
universal transport	7
amplified mycobacterium	7
clinical entity	7
clinical settings	7
based case	7
two months	7
human antibody	7
prospectively collected	7
enzyme immunoassay	7
effector memory	7
travel restrictions	7
detectable rna	7
highly contagious	7
time bias	7
mers coronavirus	7
third wave	7
risk adults	7
outbreak investigation	7
health problem	7
overall certainty	7
toxic shock	7
virus panel	7
body weight	7
vaccination policy	7
breaths min	7
expiratory wheezing	7
allogeneic hsct	7
affected patients	7
bcg vaccine	7
nonsteroidal anti	7
supplement sponsorship	7
million persons	7
tertiary hospital	7
secondary case	7
recall bias	7
positivity rates	7
nucleotide sequences	7
deaths per	7
pandemic potential	7
significant impact	7
identify risk	7
viral illnesses	7
chronic pulmonary	7
transbronchial biopsies	7
pwh hospitalized	7
respiratory fluoroquinolone	7
acute exacerbation	7
patients using	7
specific pathogens	7
ongoing clinical	7
last years	7
nursing facilities	7
remain infectious	7
based surveillance	7
immunocompromised host	7
peak viral	7
early spring	7
current pandemic	7
manifestations associated	7
clinical virology	7
clients living	7
treatment protocol	7
diagnostic value	7
acute lrtis	7
plasma concentrations	7
acute community	7
frequently observed	7
several factors	7
versus placebo	7
national lockdown	7
bacterial sinusitis	7
mean ct	7
specific igg	7
droplet spread	7
accuracy studies	7
urine specimens	7
pneumonia may	7
week period	7
control covid	7
persistently infected	7
becomes available	7
transmission events	7
chloroquine phosphate	7
clinical deterioration	7
immune cells	7
analysis revealed	7
mouse hepatitis	7
testing centers	7
especially important	7
health crisis	7
african americans	7
king county	7
antibacterial agents	7