bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
acute respiratory	288
respiratory syndrome	253
novel coronavirus	201
severe acute	200
respiratory tract	159
cord uid	149
doc id	149
infect doi	149
coronavirus disease	122
syndrome coronavirus	121
infectious diseases	107
respiratory viruses	105
ifn lambda	95
kawasaki disease	95
intensive care	94
clinical characteristics	93
zika virus	90
public health	89
cmv dna	89
virus infection	84
clinical features	84
nucleic acid	82
lower respiratory	81
hong kong	78
risk factors	78
middle east	76
high risk	76
viral load	76
falciparum malaria	74
influenza virus	72
east respiratory	68
respiratory syncytial	66
respiratory virus	66
children aged	65
severe pneumonia	64
critically ill	64
syncytial virus	64
systematic review	64
severe covid	61
iu ml	59
respiratory distress	57
bal fluid	57
acquired pneumonia	57
disease severity	57
cov infection	55
chain reaction	55
respiratory failure	55
infection control	54
among children	54
polymerase chain	54
human bocavirus	53
like illness	53
viral infections	52
human coronavirus	52
per cent	52
avian influenza	51
world health	51
health care	51
infectious disease	50
nasopharyngeal swab	49
united states	49
cohort study	48
ill patients	48
coronavirus infection	48
healthcare workers	47
respiratory infections	46
respiratory illness	45
severe patients	45
zikv infection	45
aged years	45
severe malaria	44
distress syndrome	44
care unit	43
present study	43
patients infected	43
influenza vaccination	42
years old	41
influenza pandemic	40
infected patients	40
mechanical ventilation	40
sars patients	40
severe disease	40
disease control	39
tract infections	39
cmv pneumonia	39
clinical course	39
pcr assays	39
respiratory symptoms	39
fluid specimens	39
viral infection	38
reference standard	38
mortality rate	38
influenza infection	38
human metapneumovirus	37
symptom onset	37
cancer patients	37
performed using	37
hospital admission	37
health organization	37
young children	36
hospitalized patients	36
time pcr	36
immune response	35
reactive protein	35
statistically significant	35
chest ct	35
pulmonary disease	34
coronavirus pneumonia	34
control measures	34
viral pneumonia	34
informed consent	34
significantly higher	34
general population	34
serum samples	34
upper respiratory	34
predictive factors	34
mycophenolic acid	34
viral loads	33
confirmed cases	33
respiratory viral	33
positive results	33
among patients	32
respiratory infection	32
influenza vaccine	32
chronic obstructive	32
sars coronavirus	32
virus infections	32
swab samples	32
related pneumonia	31
influenza viruses	31
authors declare	31
obstructive pulmonary	31
seven days	31
diagnostic tests	31
severely ill	31
severe illness	30
tract infection	30
oxygen saturation	30
clinical management	30
supplementary table	29
significant difference	29
emergency department	29
reverse transcription	29
type iii	29
pcr testing	29
pandemic influenza	29
sore throat	29
test performance	28
previously described	28
pcr assay	28
i group	28
risk group	28
bacterial pneumonia	28
risk factor	28
increased risk	27
viral rna	27
liver injury	26
primary care	26
patients admitted	26
hospitalised patients	26
streptococcus pneumoniae	26
face mask	25
pneumonia development	25
mean age	25
clinical symptoms	25
phylogenetic analysis	25
neutralizing antibody	25
may also	25
clinical outcomes	25
respiratory rate	25
bacterial infection	24
closely related	24
cytokine storm	24
converting enzyme	24
dna load	24
retrospective cohort	24
incubation period	24
coronavirus infections	24
otitis media	24
bronchoalveolar lavage	24
patients without	24
age groups	24
viral shedding	24
severe cases	24
saudi arabia	24
logistic regression	24
controlled trial	23
respiratory specimens	23
elderly patients	23
pregnant women	23
median age	23
previous studies	23
influenza patients	23
yn im	23
test results	23
clinical manifestations	23
chronic diarrhoea	23
pcr results	23
meningococcal disease	23
south korea	23
diagnostic test	22
within days	22
study group	22
united kingdom	22
staphylococcus aureus	22
pneumococcal disease	22
retrospective study	22
clinical trial	22
significantly associated	22
factors associated	22
multiplex pcr	22
predictive value	22
antiviral therapy	22
neutralizing antibodies	21
clinical trials	21
cell culture	21
amino acid	21
epithelial cells	21
oxygen therapy	21
neuraminidase inhibitors	21
gold standard	21
icu patients	21
negative results	21
patients received	21
transplant recipients	21
case series	21
higher risk	21
new coronavirus	21
ill covid	21
health protection	21
age group	20
study period	20
confirmed covid	20
ethics committee	20
rotavirus gastroenteritis	20
stem cell	20
diagnostic accuracy	20
positive rate	20
patients may	20
bacterial pathogens	20
prospective study	20
continuous variables	20
time reverse	19
included patients	19
pneumoniae colonization	19
novel human	19
acute lower	19
seasonal influenza	19
guangdong province	19
observational study	19
clinical specimens	19
exact test	19
descriptive study	19
performance characteristics	19
second wave	19
spike protein	19
coronavirus hku	19
nasopharyngeal swabs	19
primary viral	19
pneumocystis jirovecii	19
healthy children	19
risk groups	18
ct values	18
antibody response	18
close contact	18
hospitalized children	18
electron microscopy	18
ng ml	18
control subjects	18
tested positive	18
receptor binding	18
close contacts	18
rhinovirus enterovirus	18
inflammatory response	18
nervous system	18
associated coronavirus	18
ground glass	18
throat swabs	18
multivariate analysis	18
positive samples	18
blood donors	18
neural network	18
two groups	18
pao fio	18
care workers	18
saliva samples	18
zika fever	18
sars cov	18
respiratory samples	18
antibiotic treatment	18
global health	17
laboratory tests	17
two patients	17
community acquired	17
septic shock	17
critical patients	17
immune responses	17
critically severe	17
blood cells	17
respiratory disease	17
liver disease	17
kawasaki syndrome	17
rsv infection	17
small number	17
mg kg	17
sample size	17
first case	17
critical care	17
severe respiratory	17
dengue fever	17
virus detection	17
three days	17
antibiotic therapy	17
human rhinovirus	17
day mortality	17
case report	17
infection rate	17
ili episodes	17
human respiratory	17
positive cases	17
parainfluenza virus	16
yellow fever	16
igg antibodies	16
important role	16
intravenous artesunate	16
false negative	16
secondary bacterial	16
older children	16
gene expression	16
antiviral treatment	16
previous study	16
patients presenting	16
early stage	16
inclusion criteria	16
generation sequencing	16
statistical significance	16
total number	16
genome sequences	16
written informed	16
renal failure	16
antimicrobial therapy	16
breast milk	16
pcr positivity	16
mscs therapy	16
clinical diagnosis	16
household members	16
blood culture	16
mg ml	16
health organisation	16
positive patients	16
study showed	16
confidence interval	16
body temperature	16
competing interests	16
central nervous	16
university hospital	16
family cluster	16
dna loads	16
times higher	16
odds ratio	16
previous reports	15
ct value	15
case definitions	15
may present	15
function tests	15
infected infants	15
heart rate	15
regression analysis	15
significant differences	15
human transmission	15
clinical data	15
coronary artery	15
two studies	15
pneumoniae carriage	15
recent study	15
previously reported	15
severe falciparum	15
cerebrospinal fluid	15
mainland china	15
risk influenza	15
bal specimens	15
two days	15
vaccination coverage	15
innate immune	15
high proportion	15
ct scanning	15
oropharyngeal swab	15
stool samples	15
fatality rate	15
news score	15
significantly different	15
patient care	15
categorical variables	15
copies ml	15
case definition	15
severity assessment	15
detection rate	15
data collection	15
blood samples	15
among healthcare	15
liver function	15
gastrointestinal symptoms	14
case reports	14
national health	14
care units	14
immunocompromised patients	14
white blood	14
two cases	14
epidemiological characteristics	14
glass opacity	14
risk genotypes	14
severe infection	14
iii ifn	14
gattii sensu	14
per day	14
plasmodium vivax	14
mg dl	14
study design	14
vivax malaria	14
randomised controlled	14
genetic diversity	14
infected pneumonia	14
recurrent positive	14
breaths min	14
independent risk	14
much higher	14
mild illness	14
vero cells	14
cell responses	14
patients treated	14
one week	14
hospital stay	14
vital signs	14
pcr test	14
diagnostic testing	14
corticosteroid treatment	14
lung disease	14
respiratory pathogens	14
medical records	14
highly pathogenic	14
peripheral blood	14
severe critical	14
tertiary care	13
control patients	13
phylogenetic trees	13
within hours	13
associated hospitalization	13
pcr tests	13
bacterial infections	13
hrv infection	13
tract samples	13
least one	13
among hcp	13
disease progression	13
vp gene	13
sensu stricto	13
surveillance data	13
randomized controlled	13
one study	13
year old	13
protective equipment	13
based strategy	13
blood pressure	13
broad spectrum	13
recombination events	13
pneumonia patients	13
one year	13
potential role	13
antibody titers	13
total population	13
health commission	13
clinical findings	13
antibiotic prophylaxis	13
early warning	13
cryptococcus gattii	13
cd cell	13
children hospitalized	13
mers outbreak	13
french polynesia	13
codon variant	13
normal control	13
face masks	13
influenza outpatient	13
febrile pharyngitis	13
infection among	13
clinical practice	13
pneumonia cases	13
causative agent	13
transcription polymerase	13
study clinical	13
recent studies	13
aged months	13
priority group	13
see appendix	13
clinical outcome	13
coronavirus oc	13
two weeks	13
review board	13
statistical analysis	12
large number	12
common cold	12
healthy controls	12
pandemic flu	12
disease caused	12
one case	12
eculizumab recipients	12
carriage rates	12
chest radiograph	12
dry cough	12
determine whether	12
five days	12
antimicrobial susceptibility	12
serological testing	12
mild patients	12
side effects	12
specific grant	12
also found	12
infection rates	12
intravenous immunoglobulin	12
endemic areas	12
first wave	12
significantly increased	12
imported cases	12
univariate analysis	12
may require	12
acid amplification	12
confidence intervals	12
antibody detection	12
complicated malaria	12
exposure history	12
nucleocapsid protein	12
prognostic factors	12
novel genotype	12
positive rt	12
false positive	12
patients died	12
recent report	12
clustering algorithm	12
wide range	12
pediatric patients	12
diseases society	12
detect sars	12
profit sectors	12
heart disease	12
corticosteroid therapy	12
antibody responses	12
mbl codon	12
significant association	12
west nile	12
patients receiving	12
imported malaria	12
ct scan	12
children younger	12
african swine	12
control group	12
statistical analyses	12
human coronaviruses	12
japanese encephalitis	12
dear editor	12
swine fever	12
intravenous quinine	12
ct imaging	12
medical workers	12
clinical deterioration	12
blood mxa	12
nasal swabs	11
rgd kgd	11
human infection	11
antibiotic use	11
acid test	11
nasopharyngeal washings	11
haemolytic streptococci	11
mycoplasma pneumoniae	11
iii ifns	11
positive result	11
clinical presentation	11
sample collection	11
risk assessment	11
illness onset	11
higher mortality	11
supplementary material	11
clinical impact	11
laboratory results	11
rapid detection	11
immune system	11
cell count	11
vaccination rate	11
heart failure	11
person transmission	11
uncomplicated falciparum	11
funding agencies	11
institutional review	11
antibody test	11
one patient	11
chronic diseases	11
personal protective	11
frequently detected	11
linked immunosorbent	11
bat origin	11
asymptomatic patients	11
acute encephalitis	11
cov infected	11
hiv infection	11
uk alert	11
gg genotype	11
future studies	11
tested negative	11
controlled trials	11
patients hospitalized	11
suspected cases	11
red blood	11
isothermal amplification	11
igm antibodies	11
lavage fluid	11
pathogen detection	11
interquartile range	11
hematopoietic stem	11
haemophilus influenzae	11
pcr positive	11
see section	11
limited number	11
clinical severity	11
household transmission	11
cell transplant	11
acid testing	11
hbov infection	11
relatively high	11
nsp nsp	11
asian countries	11
acid detection	11
microbiological investigations	11
least days	11
medical conditions	11
respiratory droplets	11
common respiratory	11
treated patients	11
infectious bronchitis	11
three cases	11
also observed	11
observational cohort	11
south america	11
pulmonary tuberculosis	11
isolate patients	11
cells mm	11
pulmonary function	10
three studies	10
oropharyngeal swabs	10
viral entry	10
natural science	10
lung injury	10
binding lectin	10
total cohort	10
virus disease	10
influenzarelated pneumonia	10
infection caused	10
developing countries	10
disease outbreaks	10
invasive pneumococcal	10
reverse transcriptase	10
congenital zikv	10
immunosorbent assay	10
old man	10
mortality score	10
family members	10
viral clearance	10
science foundation	10
transport medium	10
congenital anomalies	10
literature review	10
pulse oximetry	10
high mortality	10
coping capacity	10
small sample	10
widely used	10
protection agency	10
mtb rif	10
warning score	10
bacterial colonization	10
household contacts	10
standard deviation	10
adult patients	10
mg bd	10
fuzzy clustering	10
twice daily	10
proven cmv	10
potential recombination	10
mortality rates	10
whole blood	10
pneumonia panel	10
molecular epidemiology	10
index case	10
cov activities	10
mycophenolate mofetil	10
heptad repeat	10
high prevalence	10
lactate dehydrogenase	10
acute gastroenteritis	10
confirmed sars	10
clotted blood	10
inflammatory cytokines	10
directly related	10
positive pcr	10
considered statistically	10
infectious agents	10
islas baleares	10
complicating influenza	10
ml clotted	10
cell lines	10
complete genome	10
virus transmission	10
acute medical	10
phylogenetic tree	10
clinical evaluation	10
study hospitals	10
bat coronavirus	10
kgd motif	10
gram stain	10
current study	10
syndromic molecular	10
older age	10
respiratory illnesses	10
influenza season	10
results showed	10
samples collected	10
acute phase	10
emergency departments	10
two months	10
intravenous fluids	10
real time	10
invasive ventilation	10
binding domain	10
clinical samples	10
also significantly	10
national institute	10
escherichia coli	10
type i	10
high level	10
xpert mtb	10
compared using	10
immunodeficiency virus	10
mask use	10
general practitioner	10
tds iv	10
antiviral activity	10
avenida islas	10
interpandemic influenza	10
common cause	10
pleural effusion	10
five patients	10
virus type	9
cytomegalovirus infection	9
nile virus	9
study app	9
asymptomatic infection	9
included studies	9
three patients	9
antibody tests	9
screening system	9
another study	9
glass opacities	9
fatal cases	9
wild boar	9
outside wuhan	9
five years	9
pandemic situation	9
health measures	9
uncomplicated malaria	9
saharan africa	9
positivity rate	9
common reason	9
hubei province	9
sars outbreak	9
rapid diagnostic	9
productive cough	9
like coronavirus	9
cell counts	9
may need	9
attack rate	9
different countries	9
positive sars	9
discharged home	9
fatal outcome	9
per year	9
disease associated	9
pg ml	9
care facilities	9
endothelial dysfunction	9
diabetes mellitus	9
cycle threshold	9
amino acids	9
chest radiographs	9
monocyte chemoattractant	9
jirovecii pneumonia	9
initial symptoms	9
human influenza	9
virus replication	9
data analysis	9
antibody levels	9
million people	9
dengue virus	9
bal fluids	9
new virus	9
first time	9
primary health	9
drug compounds	9
swab specimens	9
cases reported	9
molecular tests	9
comparative analysis	9
getv strains	9
postal address	9
lambda subtypes	9
early diagnosis	9
index test	9
adult inpatients	9
chronic lung	9
vitro anti	9
exclusion criteria	9
icu admission	9
blood cell	9
human immunodeficiency	9
extracorporeal membrane	9
time period	9
urgently needed	9
aspartate aminotransferase	9
antiviral drugs	9
radiological findings	9
viral nucleic	9
blood count	9
high incidence	9
hrv infections	9
vaccine strain	9
acute pharyngitis	9
acute renal	9
transmission dynamics	9
significantly lower	9
viral replication	9
isolation facilities	9
human infections	9
see table	9
consecutive patients	9
antigen tests	9
time rt	9
gene polymorphisms	9
viral culture	9
uk infections	9
chest radiography	9
mortality risk	9
membrane oxygenation	9
cell transplantation	9
based study	9
four days	9
cmv dnaemia	9
first report	9
facial temperature	9
analysis showed	9
reverse primer	9
disease onset	9
old male	9
ambient ozone	9
blood units	9
nasopharyngeal samples	9
high fever	9
acquired infections	9
cn strains	9
calculated using	9
cumulative incidence	9
studies reported	9
animal handlers	9
march th	9
chemoattractant protein	9
children may	9
uncomplicated influenza	9
severe group	9
thoracic society	9
orf ab	9
infants suffering	9
lymphocyte count	9
bocavirus infection	9
old female	9
underlying diseases	9
medical staff	9
oral therapy	9
rotavirus infection	9
origin coronaviruses	9
acute bronchiolitis	9
combination therapy	9
tropical diseases	9
potential infectious	9
nutritional status	9
lambda levels	9
may cause	9
hospital admissions	9
case fatality	9
symptom study	9
immunochromatographic tests	9
local health	9
copd patients	9
infected individuals	8
workers exposed	8
clustering method	8
covid symptom	8
negative predictive	8
growth factor	8
pneumonia outbreak	8
clinical significance	8
mxa levels	8
blood films	8
cd ratio	8
clinical manifestation	8
patients required	8
pneumonia caused	8
cerebral malaria	8
sequence identity	8
swab results	8
getv infection	8
health systems	8
respiratory support	8
hrv bronchiolitis	8
outbreak associated	8
adverse events	8
coronavirus associated	8
probable bat	8
higher levels	8
sputum samples	8
du pont	8
fever virus	8
viral co	8
samples obtained	8
pneumococcal carriage	8
human betacoronavirus	8
travel history	8
probable sars	8
bronchitis virus	8
outside china	8
concomitant infections	8
six months	8
mild group	8
alanine aminotransferase	8
international travel	8
community transmission	8
host cell	8
excess mortality	8
critical group	8
nucleic acids	8
illness among	8
pandemic control	8
global burden	8
hospital referral	8
since december	8
based surveillance	8
vp vp	8
six weeks	8
nipah virus	8
core symptoms	8
well established	8
may develop	8
pediatric medical	8
corona virus	8
lymphocyte ratio	8
risk patients	8
metapneumovirus infection	8
congenital zika	8
infections topics	8
hospital setting	8
illness day	8
zika syndrome	8
symptomatic patients	8
lower lobe	8
th april	8
clinical infectious	8
topics az	8
ks patients	8
parainfluenza viruses	8
four patients	8
tracheal aspirates	8
poor prognosis	8
vertical transmission	8
comorbid conditions	8
oral antibiotics	8
east asia	8
disease association	8
initial presentation	8
throat swab	8
corticosteroids therapy	8
patients will	8
median duration	8
genetic recombination	8
rapid spread	8
virus circulation	8
inspired oxygen	8
commercially available	8
three groups	8
bal sampling	8
emergency room	8
tract illness	8
genome sequence	8
positive blood	8
composite reference	8
respiration rate	8
antimicrobial resistance	8
high rate	8
hbov among	8
related coronavirus	8
laboratory parameters	8
results suggest	8
major cause	8
fio ratio	8
negative control	8
six patients	8
human rhinoviruses	8
study reported	8
adverse effects	8
molecular epidemiological	8
chinese center	8
patient group	8
cd cd	8
pcr result	8
mediated isothermal	8
gastroenteritis patients	8
online version	8
bacterial co	8
moderate covid	8
bat ratg	8
antibiotic resistance	8
organ dysfunction	8
patients requiring	8
getah virus	8
dna shedding	8
large proportion	8
great interest	8
early stages	8
severe sars	8
fever screening	8
study population	8
chronic liver	8
recent years	8
id now	8
national natural	8
health security	8
positive correlation	8
low viral	8
average time	8
diagnostic yield	8
different regions	8
mycobacterium tuberculosis	8
plasmodium falciparum	8
may occur	8
two consecutive	8
aged year	8
lymphocyte counts	8
returned travelers	8
encephalitis virus	8
forward primer	8
antibody testing	8
material associated	8
microbiological investigation	8
also reported	8
stool specimens	8
british infection	8
i groups	8
suspected covid	8
supplementary data	8
many patients	8
hospital discharge	8
potential impact	8
adverse outcomes	8
high levels	8
several limitations	8
associated hospitalizations	8
recently reported	8
corresponding author	8
partial vp	8
disease among	8
clinical evidence	8
medical center	7
mild symptoms	7
healthy people	7
commonly detected	7
center study	7
low level	7
analysis found	7
utilization survey	7
hrv infected	7
prospective cohort	7
viral respiratory	7
scs technology	7
social distancing	7
corticosteroid use	7
hcws exposed	7
alert level	7
susceptibility testing	7
prospective studies	7
next pandemic	7
novel influenza	7
exposure prophylaxis	7
appropriate antibiotics	7
highly effective	7
resistance protein	7
among non	7
gas pharyngitis	7
subclinical infection	7
average age	7
latin america	7
detected viruses	7
laboratory findings	7
respiratory medicine	7
three times	7
probably due	7
flow oxygen	7
cell receptor	7
exclude concomitant	7
specific antibodies	7
pilot study	7
blood gas	7
medical care	7
lung transplant	7
patients showed	7
virus load	7
infected cells	7
adaptive immune	7
critical illness	7
virus particles	7
died within	7
ill children	7
wide association	7
healthy blood	7
enteric pathogens	7
serological tests	7
protein sequences	7
persistent symptoms	7
monkey bites	7
ebola virus	7
imaging features	7
admission levels	7
acute otitis	7
allogeneic hematopoietic	7
coronavirus emc	7
bts guidelines	7
cmv pcr	7
kidney injury	7
immunogenic regions	7
cell sequencing	7
urgent need	7
overall mortality	7
hbv dna	7
wild animals	7
clinical signs	7
virus nucleic	7
returned traveler	7
high altitude	7
natural recombination	7
toxic shock	7
baricitinib therapy	7
age distribution	7
data related	7
global pandemic	7
guangzhou city	7
fluid samples	7
median time	7
patients diagnosed	7
az sars	7
computed tomography	7
lopinavir ritonavir	7
china clinical	7
rna detection	7
study found	7
arti risk	7
nucleotide sequences	7
studies using	7
severe influenza	7
reliable tool	7
extracted data	7
acute influenza	7
angiotensin converting	7
rate min	7
cohort studies	7
case ascertainment	7
seven patients	7
increased susceptibility	7
prior studies	7
hand hygiene	7
current evidence	7
hospitalizations among	7
oc positive	7
effective treatment	7
vaccination among	7
increased levels	7
animal models	7
convalescent plasma	7
cardiac disease	7
mean duration	7
related coronaviruses	7
early identification	7
abdominal pain	7
pneumonia requiring	7
outpatient treatment	7
abbott id	7
applied biosystems	7
means clustering	7
specific cases	7
positive predictive	7
laboratory diagnosis	7
often associated	7
clinical studies	7
ten days	7
viral genomes	7
transcriptase polymerase	7
southern china	7
myxovirus resistance	7
previously healthy	7
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es salaam	4
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hubei wuhan	4
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igg response	4
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study covid	4
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among hospitalized	4
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i authors	4
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asf outbreak	4
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hospital staff	4
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among young	4
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great ormond	4
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protein gene	4
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antibodies among	4
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two independent	4
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dl vs	4
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south china	4
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american indian	4
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kgd integrin	4
ausdiagnostics uk	4
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evolutionary genetics	4
vaccinees thought	4