bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
clinical signs	1450
public health	649
mg kg	617
united states	480
animal health	479
lymph nodes	372
guinea pigs	354
naked mole	349
may also	347
infectious diseases	326
animal models	299
animal welfare	296
wild animals	281
virus infection	278
bone marrow	257
immune response	252
may occur	249
weight loss	243
small ruminants	239
respiratory disease	236
human health	232
laboratory animal	225
mole rats	220
infected animals	213
respiratory syndrome	212
cell lines	205
respiratory tract	204
differential diagnosis	203
laboratory animals	197
animal model	197
veterinary medicine	197
meat inspection	189
affected animals	179
body weight	179
one health	179
zoonotic diseases	177
escherichia coli	177
cell culture	175
acute respiratory	173
animals may	167
immune system	164
research complications	164
clinical disease	163
mole rat	160
kg iv	156
guinea pig	156
infectious disease	155
food safety	153
severe acute	152
domestic animals	152
companion animals	150
blood pressure	149
animal products	146
animal species	146
gastrointestinal tract	145
animal diseases	143
small animal	143
pg ml	141
west nile	139
immune responses	137
doc id	136
cord uid	136
may cause	135
blood flow	134
septic shock	133
heart rate	129
infectious agents	128
valley fever	123
rift valley	123
inflammatory response	122
direct contact	122
nipah virus	121
ml kg	121
farm animals	118
nervous system	118
avian influenza	118
potency testing	118
rhesus macaques	117
risk factors	117
peripheral blood	116
human disease	116
food chain	114
may result	114
ng ml	113
laboratory mice	113
respiratory syncytial	112
respiratory distress	111
body temperature	111
see chapter	110
bovine respiratory	109
bovine viral	109
renal failure	108
differential diagnoses	108
upper respiratory	107
veal calves	107
animal medicine	106
commonly used	104
syncytial virus	104
wildlife trade	104
mast cell	104
blood samples	103
physical examination	103
acute phase	102
risk assessment	102
disease control	102
north america	101
vaccinated animals	100
organ failure	100
zoonotic disease	100
antimicrobial resistance	100
mucous membranes	99
may develop	98
wild animal	98
may include	98
clinical trials	97
endothelial cells	96
mouth disease	95
veterinary vaccines	94
viral infections	92
blood cell	91
lymph node	91
hemolytic anemia	91
commercially available	91
influenza virus	90
present study	89
signs include	89
see table	89
middle east	88
blood cells	88
important role	88
small intestine	87
human beings	87
syndrome coronavirus	87
may lead	87
new zealand	86
interest reported	86
body condition	86
cell cultures	85
nonhuman primates	85
bacterial infections	84
red pulp	83
fever virus	82
necrosis factor	82
life cycle	82
cell tumors	82
significantly higher	82
nile virus	82
incubation period	81
also known	81
potential concern	81
central nervous	81
whole blood	81
red blood	81
mongolian gerbil	80
high levels	80
two groups	80
monoclonal antibodies	80
orogastric lavage	80
whenever possible	80
animal production	80
activated charcoal	80
world health	79
kg po	79
pulmonary edema	79
staphylococcus aureus	78
gene therapy	78
also may	78
health organization	77
animals will	77
equine encephalitis	77
antibiotic resistance	77
see section	77
viral diarrhea	76
cell line	76
multiple organ	76
health status	76
monoclonal antibody	76
mg dl	76
meriones unguiculatus	75
epithelial cells	75
mouse model	75
spinal cord	75
also occur	75
vaccine potency	75
ebola virus	75
severe cases	75
rabies virus	75
biomedical research	74
standard requirements	74
young animals	74
control group	74
heart failure	73
immunodeficient mice	73
septic patients	73
salmonella spp	73
large numbers	73
hemorrhagic fever	73
within days	73
disease virus	73
chain reaction	72
animal care	72
foreign bodies	72
stem cells	72
emerging infectious	72
polymerase chain	72
electron microscopy	72
necropsy findings	72
highly pathogenic	71
supplemental assay	71
human cases	71
antibiotic therapy	70
mortem inspection	70
intravenous fluids	70
tumor necrosis	70
assay method	70
side effects	69
urinary tract	69
encephalitis virus	69
cynomolgus macaques	69
viral replication	69
sendai virus	68
large number	68
dairy calves	68
viral rna	67
severe disease	67
alternative methods	67
mammary gland	67
food animals	67
control measures	66
cardiac output	66
definitive diagnosis	66
producing animals	66
closely related	66
mm hg	66
secondary bacterial	65
naturally occurring	65
based tourism	65
health care	65
food animal	65
anterior chamber	64
passive immunity	64
high risk	64
supportive care	64
diarrhea virus	64
skin lesions	64
increased risk	64
metabolic acidosis	63
control animals	63
lymphoid tissue	63
disseminated intravascular	63
pathogenic vtec	63
experimental infection	63
may require	62
intravascular coagulation	62
antibiotic use	62
hendra virus	62
abdominal pain	62
wide range	62
infected mice	62
one study	62
cell types	62
experimentally infected	62
companion animal	62
amino acids	62
recent years	61
canine distemper	61
widely used	61
modified live	61
will also	61
within hours	61
east respiratory	61
fatty acids	60
nitric oxide	60
united kingdom	60
milk replacer	60
immunodeficiency virus	60
clinical symptoms	60
developing countries	60
virus isolation	59
supplemental oxygen	59
diabetes mellitus	59
chadox mers	59
animal shelters	59
oral cavity	59
plasma levels	58
mesenteric lymph	58
inbred strains	57
perfringens type	57
foreign body	57
nucleic acid	57
plasma cells	57
human consumption	56
pasteurella multocida	56
small animals	56
significant differences	56
per day	56
south africa	56
significant difference	56
neutralizing antibodies	56
scientific opinion	56
amino acid	56
mononuclear cells	55
contam panel	55
fluid therapy	55
clinical trial	55
infectious virus	55
white blood	55
human infection	55
human medicine	55
may appear	55
arterial blood	54
serum samples	54
many cases	54
mongolian gerbils	54
older animals	54
viral diseases	54
cell lymphoma	54
become infected	54
cov infection	54
mortality rate	53
determine whether	53
bovine tuberculosis	53
viral infection	53
gross lesions	53
adult mice	53
pathologic findings	52
domestic cats	52
veterinary vaccine	52
sars coronavirus	52
may help	52
environmental conditions	52
dairy cattle	52
lymphocytic choriomeningitis	52
mouse strains	52
per year	52
mg ml	52
blood vessels	52
infection may	51
intestinal tract	51
diagnostic tests	51
drug delivery	51
persistent infection	51
lung tissue	51
dengue virus	51
mice infected	51
general anesthesia	51
welfare conditions	51
lyme disease	51
bacterial infection	51
may become	51
nasal discharge	51
health hazards	51
council directive	51
significantly increased	50
healthy dogs	50
compliant results	50
statistically significant	50
lymphoid tissues	50
disease progression	49
gene expression	49
cause severe	49
animal disease	49
marginal zone	49
heterocephalus glaber	49
wound healing	49
hong kong	49
causative agent	49
hair coat	49
long term	49
day post	48
disease emergence	48
research council	48
immune function	48
animals infected	48
environmental factors	48
dairy cows	48
biological hazards	48
rhesus monkeys	48
significantly reduced	48
type i	48
disease caused	48
close contact	48
rheumatoid arthritis	48
venezuelan equine	48
working group	48
pleural effusion	47
data suggest	47
induce emesis	47
infrared thermography	47
european union	47
carbon dioxide	47
type ii	47
even though	47
rabies vaccine	47
food production	47
hemorrhagic shock	47
specific antibodies	47
transgenic mice	47
kg day	47
immunosorbent assay	47
laboratory mouse	47
different types	47
several weeks	47
linked immunosorbent	47
least one	46
disease may	46
antibiotic treatment	46
risk factor	46
disease transmission	46
clostridium perfringens	46
high mortality	46
skeletal muscle	46
vitro potency	46
mouse models	46
lesions may	46
gram negative	46
poor welfare	45
individual animals	45
directive ec	45
laboratory rodents	45
persistently infected	45
adhesion molecules	45
domestic animal	45
veterinary public	45
cause disease	45
cell surface	45
different species	45
common cause	44
may contribute	44
farm animal	44
intensive care	44
treated animals	44
veterinary services	44
previously described	44
perform orogastric	44
safety testing	44
monkeypox virus	44
bl mice	44
several studies	44
animal use	44
live animals	44
animal feed	44
mice may	44
workshop participants	44
chronic disease	44
laboratory rats	44
virus vaccine	44
mycobacterium bovis	44
two different	44
administer intravenous	43
influenza viruses	43
wet markets	43
blood loss	43
signs may	43
quality assurance	43
tissue damage	43
statistical analysis	43
soft tissue	43
hepatitis virus	42
total body	42
gene transfer	42
human transmission	42
also used	42
animal cell	42
small ruminant	42
fatality rate	42
virus infections	42
wide variety	42
campylobacter spp	42
recent studies	42
national research	42
bite wounds	42
lesions include	42
group housing	42
leukemia virus	42
adverse effects	41
significant increase	41
intraocular pressure	41
individual animal	41
performed using	41
skin scrapings	41
tract infection	41
mammary tumors	41
urinary bladder	41
time points	41
goat production	41
neutralizing antibody	41
health problems	41
often used	41
large amounts	41
total number	41
animal studies	41
new york	41
zealand white	41
smooth muscle	40
animal abuse	40
respiratory infections	40
aqueous humor	40
surface area	40
growth factor	40
complete blood	40
crystalloid fluids	40
intermediate host	40
critically ill	40
disease process	40
infectious bovine	40
passive transfer	40
zoonotic pathogens	40
organ dysfunction	40
vascular spaces	40
systemic inflammatory	40
acute pancreatitis	40
live virus	40
signs associated	40
gauge needle	39
human vaccines	39
domestic violence	39
case fatality	39
animals treated	39
less common	39
lung injury	39
several days	39
low levels	39
growth factors	39
liver enzymes	39
past years	39
antibody titers	39
pet ownership	39
lower respiratory	39
neurologic signs	39
retinal degeneration	39
veterinary profession	39
farm level	39
antibody response	39
vaccine development	39
treatment consists	39
social workers	39
lymphatic vessels	39
respiratory rate	39
three times	38
long periods	38
scid mice	38
high prevalence	38
test results	38
mechanical ventilation	38
borne diseases	38
days postinfection	38
pseudomonas aeruginosa	38
another study	38
best interests	38
kg hour	38
mast cells	38
weight gain	38
viral disease	38
first time	38
group i	38
farming systems	38
single dose	38
one animal	38
thermal injury	38
yellow fever	38
human diseases	38
south america	37
early stages	37
management practices	37
pulp vascular	37
interstitial pneumonia	37
nonhuman primate	37
human animals	37
respiratory signs	37
results indicate	37
milk production	37
blood count	37
canine parvovirus	37
intravenous catheter	37
blood glucose	37
research setting	37
tissue culture	37
live animal	37
days later	37
human population	37
will increase	37
helicobacter spp	37
kg minute	37
animal science	37
large animals	37
life span	37
chain information	37
burn injury	37
milk replacers	37
drinking water	37
tested positive	37
high doses	37
naturally infected	37
bordetella bronchiseptica	37
chemical residues	36
immunocompetent mice	36
toxic effects	36
endothelial cell	36
human vaccine	36
animal populations	36
antimicrobial agents	36
experimental animals	36
current meat	36
animal practice	36
body fluids	36
cotton rats	36
environmental enrichment	36
venous blood	36
mouse colonies	36
clinical sign	36
underlying cause	36
choriomeningitis virus	36
significantly lower	36
will help	36
united nations	36
may play	36
calves fed	36
regional lymph	36
large animal	36
international trade	36
animal origin	36
survival time	36
clinical course	36
make sure	36
proinflammatory cytokines	36
intravascular hemolysis	36
iron deficiency	35
common causes	35
human infections	35
livestock production	35
microscopic examination	35
clostridium difficile	35
also found	35
chemical hazards	35
rabies vaccines	35
social work	35
viral diarrhoea	35
cell proliferation	35
animals used	35
health monitoring	35
protective immunity	35
mean age	35
experimental models	35
domestic rabbits	35
bacterial translocation	35
quality control	35
pet owners	35
vesicular stomatitis	35
animal facility	35
prairie dogs	35
congestive heart	35
bovine serum	35
nasal swabs	35
healthy animals	35
days post	35
lymphatic system	35
cell count	34
neurological signs	34
animal research	34
class ii	34
systemic disease	34
systematic review	34
breeding colonies	34
clinical illness	34
syrian hamsters	34
disease outbreaks	34
domesticated animals	34
recent study	34
animal pathogens	34
north american	34
local anesthetic	34
medically important	34
factor viii	34
prohibited substances	34
flow cytometry	34
endangered species	34
bowel disease	34
may provide	34
gold nanoparticles	34
cytokine production	34
inbred strain	34
less commonly	34
bile duct	34
severely affected	34
bovine rhinotracheitis	34
antigen quantification	34
findings include	33
negative bacteria	33
central venous	33
common clinical	33
human populations	33
kg im	33
experimental studies	33
better understanding	33
complement fixation	33
squamous cell	33
small rodents	33
food intake	33
every hours	33
host range	33
animals within	33
will often	33
cellular immune	33
mortality rates	33
cell carcinoma	33
viral shedding	33
intravenous crystalloid	33
dendritic cells	33
genetically engineered	33
otitis media	33
process hygiene	33
west africa	33
disease surveillance	33
animal workers	33
will require	33
mediated hemolytic	33
adaptive immune	33
acute infection	32
virus replication	32
sudden death	32
may reveal	32
clinical manifestations	32
one hand	32
host defense	32
several months	32
early detection	32
blood supply	32
intermediate hosts	32
fluorescent antibody	32
distress syndrome	32
tract disease	32
kidney cells	32
may contain	32
results suggest	32
coronavirus infection	32
thoracic radiographs	32
reservoir hosts	32
white pulp	32
highly contagious	32
human pathogens	32
blood transfusion	32
lassa fever	32
mean arterial	32
laboratory rabbits	32
acute disease	32
group ii	32
tract infections	32
body surface	32
distemper virus	31
hepatic failure	31
main hazards	31
affected area	31
hydrogen peroxide	31
zoonotic infections	31
inflammatory cells	31
pathogenic avian	31
environmental contamination	31
cd cd	31
production systems	31
peritoneal macrophages	31
significantly different	31
current study	31
disease course	31
health risks	31
six months	31
liver disease	31
inflammatory bowel	31
diagnostic testing	31
host species	31
cats may	31
mitral valve	31
also important	31
laboratory setting	31
blood transfusions	31
respiratory system	31
tnf production	31
new world	31
optic nerve	31
zika virus	31
cytopathic effect	31
high dose	31
higher risk	31
th century	31
male mice	31
raw materials	31
must also	31
virus type	31
situ hybridization	31
show signs	31
urine output	31
peritoneal cavity	31
high incidence	31
foodborne pathogens	31
viral load	30
crispr cas	30
three groups	30
will vary	30
growth promoters	30
goat meat	30
corneal dystrophy	30
resistant bacteria	30
emerging diseases	30
may vary	30
commonly found	30
urinary catheter	30
disease prevention	30
patients undergoing	30
oxygen delivery	30
suckling mice	30
sterile saline	30
renal tubular	30
animal may	30
normal values	30
lawsonia intracellularis	30
preventive measures	30
blood volume	30
vaccine safety	30
younger animals	30
intestinal mucosa	30
future directions	30
respiratory infection	30
previously reported	30
highly susceptible	30
saline solution	30
fatty acid	30
risks associated	30
iberian lynx	30
faecal contamination	30
animal experiments	30
specific antibody	30
blood smear	30
meat products	30
kidney disease	30
rapid detection	30
virus strain	30
cellular immunity	29
may induce	29
inflammatory cytokines	29
stem cell	29
live vaccines	29
crayfish plague	29
tissue injury	29
african green	29
often associated	29
survival rate	29
retrospective study	29
ag nps	29
many countries	29
high concentrations	29
veterinary medical	29
preventive approaches	29
food security	29
many different	29
european commission	29
renal function	29
health surveillance	29
streptobacillus moniliformis	29
natural infection	29
surgical procedures	29
domestic cat	29
sheep goats	29
maternal antibodies	29
resistant staphylococcus	29
vaccination programs	29
abdominal cavity	29
occurs within	29
endemic areas	29
hematopoietic cells	29
young calves	29
toxicological profile	29
drug administration	29
renal disease	29
newcastle disease	29
jugular vein	29
swine fever	29
per animal	29
immune cells	29
feed intake	29
time period	29
neoplastic cells	29
experimental inoculation	29
made based	29
fecal samples	29
transgenic animals	29
medicinal products	29
may affect	29
infant mice	29
negative sepsis	29
years ago	29
climate change	29
infectious agent	28
innate immune	28
receptor antagonist	28
serologic tests	28
red cell	28
may produce	28
intravenous fluid	28
small number	28
apache ii	28
culture medium	28
lethal infection	28
husbandry practices	28
fresh frozen	28
zoonotic viruses	28
also cause	28
organ systems	28
ml syringe	28
may exhibit	28
body mass	28
nasal cavity	28
frequently used	28
novel coronavirus	28
will continue	28
major cause	28
severe respiratory	28
approximately days	28
connective tissue	28
female mice	28
healthy volunteers	28
poor prognosis	28
may predispose	28
animal husbandry	28
data indicate	28
european countries	28
previous studies	28
humoral immune	28
many animals	28
sodium bicarbonate	28
immune status	28
ill patients	28
veterinary practice	28
embryonic stem	28
may need	28
occur within	28
livestock farming	28
time pcr	28
lethal disease	28
significantly associated	28
zoonotic potential	28
infections may	28
economic losses	28
virus vaccines	28
animal protection	28
frozen plasma	28
relative humidity	28
white rabbits	28
health importance	28
viral vaccines	28
may show	28
mycoplasma pulmonis	28
aspiration pneumonia	27
nhp models	27
bacterial pathogens	27
cells may	27
trauma patients	27
animal consumption	27
leptospira interrogans	27
i i	27
rabbit model	27
serum biochemistry	27
clinically normal	27
spongiform encephalopathy	27
wildlife species	27
fatal disease	27
first week	27
multiple sclerosis	27
usually occurs	27
cardiac dysrhythmias	27
nuclear transfer	27
phase proteins	27
flock herd	27
diagnostic laboratory	27
free radical	27
carcinogenesis studies	27
normal range	27
disease occurs	27
identifi ed	27
human immunodeficiency	27
small size	27
zoonotic transmission	27
cell type	27
among others	27
arterial pressure	27
somatic cell	27
virus transmission	27
male dogs	27
three different	27
bite fever	27
significantly decreased	27
comparative study	27
many species	27
commonly affected	27
many years	27
lung lobes	27
toxoplasma gondii	27
reproductive tract	27
muscle tremors	27
oral route	27
dose dependent	27
clinical studies	27
lamina propria	27
catheter placement	27
artificial insemination	27
readily available	27
different cell	27
common marmosets	27
platelet count	27
south african	27
two main	27
autosomal recessive	26
pathogenic bacteria	26
emergency care	26
effective treatment	26
response syndrome	26
may indicate	26
oxide nanoparticles	26
room temperature	26
meat safety	26
germinal centers	26
animal rights	26
diarrhoea virus	26
diagnostic laboratories	26
carrier animals	26
internal medicine	26
visual inspection	26
first hours	26
last years	26
presumptive diagnosis	26
marginal sinus	26
scientific committee	26
inflammatory mediators	26
vascular access	26
veterinary practices	26
human exposure	26
pneumocystis carinii	26
potency tests	26
cell lymphomas	26
condition score	26
southeast asia	26
molecular biology	26
blood sample	26
animals must	26
chemical substances	26
samples taken	26
wistar rats	26
ruffled fur	26
pulmonary artery	26
commonly seen	26
transmissible gastroenteritis	26
less frequently	26
kg body	26
palm civets	26
animal facilities	26
antibody production	26
shelter cats	26
protective effect	26
virus disease	26
sheep goat	25
preventive medicine	25
bronchoalveolar lavage	25
may increase	25
affected dogs	25
also available	25
lymphoid cells	25
heavy consumers	25
maternal antibody	25
carbon nanotubes	25
surveillance systems	25
exotic animals	25
air quality	25
may remain	25
biological products	25
tumor cells	25
viral antigen	25
adverse events	25
small amount	25
may involve	25
raw meat	25
reference standards	25
athymic mice	25
housing conditions	25
warm water	25
health service	25
will result	25
bovine herpesvirus	25
recombinant human	25
adult animals	25
reverse transcriptase	25
transmission occurs	25
care unit	25
acute renal	25
cryptosporidium parvum	25
pulmonary lesions	25
bacterial diseases	25
significant reduction	25
welfare assessment	25
cases may	25
mouse strain	25
rectal prolapse	25
genome editing	25
sick animals	25
cancer cells	25
positive results	25
left ventricular	25
described previously	25
one group	25
growth hormone	25
surgical removal	25
culture media	25
chadox niv	25
national institutes	25
mammalian species	25
blood smears	25
veterinary use	25
chadox gfp	25
maintain hydration	25
lymphoid organs	25
indirect contact	25
crocodilian species	25
oxidative stress	25
iv cri	25
animals died	25
future research	25
metabolic rate	25
blood gas	25
potency test	25
plasma concentrations	25
small intestinal	25
health approach	25
new animals	25
beef cattle	25
regulatory authorities	24
associated lymphoid	24
infection occurs	24
research studies	24
vascular permeability	24
takes place	24
pet food	24
two types	24
serum biochemical	24
varying degrees	24
systemic antibiotics	24
medicines within	24
died within	24
monitoring programmes	24
statistical significance	24
old world	24
lymphoid follicles	24
different animal	24
small amounts	24
rna viruses	24
silica nanoparticles	24
six animals	24
phase i	24
therapy may	24
van der	24
term studies	24
may take	24
granulation tissue	24
foot rot	24
veterinary clinics	24
stress response	24
occupational health	24
lung lesions	24
reluctant passenger	24
surgical intervention	24
transplantable tumors	24
without clinical	24
natural reservoir	24
within weeks	24
endotracheal tube	24
european department	24
diagnoses include	24
embryo transfer	24
detectable cases	24
highly variable	24
spectrum antibiotics	24
es cells	24
deficient mice	24
calf welfare	24
knockout mice	24
contagious ecthyma	24
provide information	24
health professionals	24
will develop	24
chikungunya virus	24
reactive protein	24
will provide	24
less likely	24
often seen	24
higher levels	24
injection site	24
breed dogs	24
growth rate	24
human contact	24
veterinary epidemiology	24
surveillance system	24
diffi cult	24
days postexposure	23
environmental health	23
currently available	23
postmortem examination	23
feline leukemia	23
inspection procedures	23
rat model	23
disease severity	23
migratory birds	23
genital tract	23
carrier state	23
liver damage	23
high percentage	23
also seen	23
human interface	23
lymphoid lymphatic	23
oryctolagus cuniculus	23
usually associated	23
infection control	23
black disease	23
spike protein	23
young children	23
measured using	23
beta toxin	23
lesser extent	23
long time	23
airway obstruction	23
saudi arabia	23
cerebral edema	23
pathological changes	23
small mammals	23
control groups	23
human primates	23
virus may	23
economic impact	23
different strains	23
clinical outcome	23
electrolyte abnormalities	23
pulmonary syndrome	23
hantavirus pulmonary	23
general population	23
four weeks	23
chronic infection	23
nutritional support	23
diagnostic methods	23
japanese encephalitis	23
mouse hepatitis	23
genetically modified	23
will need	23
molecular weight	23
goat kids	23
infected rabbits	23
health programs	23
gold standard	23
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory	23
serum levels	23
pi animals	23
inflammatory reaction	23
silver nanoparticles	23
portal vein	23
pulse oximetry	23
scoring system	23
edible tissues	23
current status	23
low prevalence	23
bovine colostrum	23
pale mucous	23
wild rodents	23
pregnancy toxemia	23
genome sequence	23
member states	23
per group	23
contaminated food	23
platelet function	23
zn nps	23
growth performance	22
days following	22
high level	22
commonly reported	22
haemoglobin levels	22
specific pathogen	22
primate model	22
contaminated feed	22
eastern equine	22
tissue sections	22
large enough	22
infection causes	22
calf farming	22
underlying disease	22
days prior	22
wildlife consumption	22
general health	22
capillary refill	22
respiratory diseases	22
genetic material	22
associated infections	22
green monkeys	22
inspection service	22
tgev antigen	22
surgical excision	22
neurological disease	22
enteric pathogens	22
fruit bats	22
food products	22
much higher	22
wild birds	22
cell responses	22
many people	22
will depend	22
sepsis syndrome	22
potency assay	22
effective means	22
heart disease	22
influenza infection	22
mucosal disease	22
also affect	22
therapeutic agents	22
prothrombin time	22
severe clinical	22
also occurs	22
like particles	22
refill time	22
treatment may	22
normal dogs	22
studies using	22
iu kg	22
australian veterinary	22
plasma cell	22
pcr assay	22
mediated immunity	22
abdominal ultrasound	22
acral lick	22
cynomolgus monkeys	22
also present	22
mus musculus	22
may present	22
hepatic necrosis	22
several different	22
data set	22
genetic diversity	22
antibody responses	22
live attenuated	22
within minutes	22
bile ducts	22
experimental model	22
toxicity studies	22
vitro studies	22
months old	22
carotid artery	22
first step	22
renal perfusion	22
rat mite	22
animal patients	22
several times	22
herpes simplex	22
rural areas	22
tissue samples	22
ventricular dysrhythmias	22
hypovolemic shock	22
recombinant proteins	22
aseptically scrub	22
alligator mississippiensis	22
significant correlation	22
mammary glands	22
assurance system	22
emerging viruses	22
law enforcement	22
campylobacter jejuni	22
kg sq	22
plant health	22
abdominal wall	22
vaccine efficacy	22
salivary glands	22
veterinary association	22
head tilt	22
case study	22
equi subsp	22
calf serum	22
see also	22
vaginal discharge	22
inbred mouse	22
rectal temperature	22
human use	22
inbred mice	22
congo hemorrhagic	21
commonly associated	21
nucleic acids	21
pcr assays	21
urban areas	21
blood levels	21
include fever	21
infect humans	21
findings suggest	21
efsa panel	21
low dose	21
clinical findings	21
parenteral nutrition	21
western equine	21
research institute	21
cotton rat	21
reperfusion injury	21
interstitial fluid	21
frequently reported	21
gastrointestinal disease	21
two weeks	21
regulatory agencies	21
liver failure	21
animal shelter	21
veterinary diagnostic	21
fetal bovine	21
internal organs	21
almost always	21
malignant tumors	21
liver fluke	21
study showed	21
breeding colony	21
natural killer	21
body size	21
zoonotic agents	21
breeding season	21
risk analysis	21
animal cells	21
hantaan virus	21
streptococcus equi	21
equine encephalomyelitis	21
levels may	21
every year	21
inspection system	21
case report	21
chronic inflammatory	21
commonly observed	21
antigenic stimulation	21
twice daily	21
veterinary care	21
safety evaluation	21
several years	21
kg bw	21
antimicrobial therapy	21
rat bite	21
nrcp testing	21
bovine spongiform	21
human services	21
also observed	21
humoral immunity	21
medium potential	21
disease spread	21
dark red	21
human pathogenic	21
mesoporous silica	21
host response	21
transgenic pigs	21
dead animals	21
animals showed	21
section iii	21
health issues	21
virus challenge	21
mineral oil	21
broad spectrum	21
mediated immune	21
studies suggest	21
clinical scores	21
helicobacter hepaticus	21
serological methods	21
cns excitation	21
true positive	21
safety assurance	21
cell volume	21
urethral obstruction	21
limited number	21
animals vaccinated	21
natural infections	21
often present	21
constant rate	21
risk management	21
chronic inflammation	21
blood mononuclear	21
research animals	21
experimentally induced	21
infected cats	21
czech republic	21
nodular hyperplasia	21
ml min	20
nonregenerative anemia	20
will decrease	20
will become	20
large intestine	20
evidence suggests	20
serum albumin	20
niv malaysia	20
bluetongue virus	20
hemorrhagic disease	20
immune complexes	20
animal population	20
skin disease	20
cardiovascular system	20
cov strains	20
health systems	20
cut surface	20
human patients	20
protective equipment	20
organ damage	20
animals become	20
ear canal	20
chronically infected	20
exposure assessment	20
animal cruelty	20
animal veterinary	20
transmitted via	20
susceptibility testing	20
ad libitum	20
large quantities	20
iron oxide	20
type diabetes	20
cause acute	20
animal relationships	20
disease diagnosis	20
pet animals	20
trichophyton mentagrophytes	20
animal interface	20
viral loads	20
important part	20
international workshop	20
sample collection	20
alveolar macrophages	20
one case	20
blood sampling	20
organ injury	20
aerosol exposure	20
day postexposure	20
diseases caused	20
animal tourism	20
heat stress	20
ethylene glycol	20
reported cases	20
left shift	20
human respiratory	20
neonatal mice	20
also susceptible	20
surgical treatment	20
may serve	20
remdesivir treatment	20
housing systems	20
global health	20
short term	20
residue monitoring	20
heartworm disease	20
will occur	20
fluid volume	20
day postinfection	20
feline calicivirus	20
litter size	20
preclinical studies	20
human rabies	20
toxicity include	20
adventitious viruses	20
emerging disease	20
inspection methods	20
norwalk virus	20
vaccinia virus	20
clinical presentation	20
rate infusion	20
liver function	20
clinical cases	20
asymptomatic carriers	20
family members	20
heavy metals	20
american alligators	20
control program	20
highly sensitive	20
viral contaminations	20
oncotic pressure	20
information regarding	20
cerebrospinal fluid	20
hair loss	20
body fat	20
serum concentrations	20
cortisol levels	20
fasciola hepatica	20
additional information	20
well established	20
defense mechanisms	20
histiocytic sarcoma	20
blood haemoglobin	20
analgesic drugs	20
also result	20
tap water	20
infection model	20
animal contact	20
abdominal palpation	20
filovirus infection	20
also reported	20
therapeutic use	20
fed milk	20
alkaline phosphatase	20
oxygen saturation	20
medical treatment	20
affected individuals	20
septic complications	20
multiple myeloma	19
calves may	19
great deal	19
also common	19
pilot study	19
machine learning	19
scientific veterinary	19
data collection	19
anterior segment	19
urea nitrogen	19
species may	19
radiation therapy	19
personal protective	19
abdominal sepsis	19
reference range	19
may arise	19
infected cells	19
von willebrand	19
including humans	19
zone lymphoma	19
commercial operations	19
hepatocellular carcinoma	19
often found	19
good health	19
years old	19
secondary lymphoid	19
nk cells	19
first report	19
patients without	19
klebsiella pneumoniae	19
results show	19
per os	19
genome sequencing	19
factors associated	19
species transmission	19
protective antigen	19
small intestines	19
horseshoe bats	19
third eyelid	19
viral antigens	19
zinc oxide	19
help prevent	19
risk categorisation	19
also develop	19
available data	19
parainfluenza virus	19
dogs may	19
etiologic agent	19
ulcerative dermatitis	19
health problem	19
taking care	19
well tolerated	19
source dogs	19
hot water	19
vena cava	19
immune complex	19
guangdong province	19
vast majority	19
wildlife conservation	19
nutritional requirements	19
macrophage system	19
crystalloid fluid	19
animals also	19
current veterinary	19
mycobacterium tuberculosis	19
control seizures	19
mental health	19
federal regulations	19
interrogans serovar	19
reference values	19
metal nanoparticles	19
one third	19
methods used	19
predisposing factors	19
tumor growth	19
three days	19
dawley rats	19
hazards identified	19
sentinel animals	19
major role	19
agriculture organization	19
several factors	19
new diseases	19
significantly greater	19
diarrheal disease	19
animal markets	19
large scale	19
clinical features	19
emerging zoonotic	19
electrolyte imbalances	19
rhesus macaque	19
oral administration	19
much less	19
results demonstrate	19
fluid pressure	19
intercostal space	19
social groups	19
clostridium piliforme	19
acute onset	19
stomatitis virus	19
close proximity	19
plasma samples	19
vary depending	19
histopathological changes	19
chronic cases	19
negative results	19
affected tissues	19
toxic potential	19
gastroprotectant drugs	19
diaphragmatic hernia	19
pox lesions	19
experimental animal	19
converting enzyme	19
human monkeypox	19
reservoir host	19
sarcoptic mange	19
daily basis	19
cell death	19
diagnosis diagnosis	19
laboratory rat	19
cause clinical	19
hepatic encephalopathy	19
one month	19
states department	19
major surgery	19
lactic acidosis	19
social contact	19
one year	19
salmonella typhimurium	19
illicit use	19
cell growth	19
highly effective	19
tetanus toxoid	19
results obtained	19
toxic dose	19
weeks old	19
log cfu	18
catheter hub	18
one another	18
may allow	18
pichinde virus	18
among animals	18
pv pa	18
presenting cells	18
various types	18
used extensively	18
veterinary therapy	18
blood products	18
perineal area	18
listeria monocytogenes	18
animal derived	18
southern china	18
lps challenge	18
cell mass	18
cause diarrhea	18
disease complex	18
especially important	18
modifi ed	18
borne transmission	18
housed together	18
severe sepsis	18
will allow	18
target cells	18
mycoplasma spp	18
least two	18
wild mice	18
young mice	18
herd health	18
increased respiratory	18
systemic infection	18
dead space	18
adversely affect	18
antiinflammatory drugs	18
porcine islet	18
develop clinical	18
now available	18
post infection	18
much lower	18
research facility	18
brain tissue	18
postmortem findings	18
dogs used	18
disease include	18
caseous lymphadenitis	18
animal agriculture	18
studies indicate	18
cytokine release	18
minute virus	18
samples collected	18
found dead	18
infection caused	18
common bile	18
initial treatment	18
growth promotion	18
health significance	18
take place	18
dog breeds	18
main source	18
standard deviation	18
therapeutic efficacy	18
mice develop	18
final product	18
supportive therapy	18
extracellular matrix	18
tracheal wash	18
st century	18
treat supportively	18
veterinary science	18
tailed deer	18
pet dogs	18
disease characterized	18
developed countries	18
lick granuloma	18
streptococcus pneumoniae	18
biomedical applications	18
rodent species	18
blood collection	18
study reported	18
virus strains	18
provide adequate	18
abdominal radiographs	18
kupffer cells	18
world primates	18
often occurs	18
serum igg	18
rumen development	18
feline infectious	18
reactive oxygen	18
vertical transmission	18
secondary infection	18
shed blood	18
one species	18
positive animals	18
rabbits may	18
interdigital cysts	18
significantly elevated	18
high potential	18
supply chain	18
animals develop	18
basement membrane	18
diagnostic tool	18
animal control	18
also include	18
risk ranking	18
stimulating factor	18
corneal ulcers	18
helicobacter species	18
hunched posture	18
bacterial growth	18
unpublished data	18
prevent infection	18
hair follicles	18
adenovirus type	18
abomasal ulcers	18
fisher scientific	18
impression smears	18
fecal flotation	18
blood agar	18
reference interval	18
pasteurella pneumotropica	18
horizontal transmission	18
specific gravity	18
reproductive performance	18
techniques used	18
animal movements	18
cardiovascular disease	17
proliferative enteropathy	17
disease processes	17
molecular characterization	17
cultured cells	17
relatively low	17
burn wounds	17
viral pathogens	17
immune systems	17
housed cats	17
inflammatory responses	17
occurs primarily	17
integral part	17
see chapters	17
putorius furo	17
pneumonia virus	17
callithrix jacchus	17
control programs	17
economic model	17
virus causes	17
core temperature	17
cell membrane	17
mild cases	17
associated virus	17
ventricular tachycardia	17
cytokine levels	17
pancreatic duct	17
lassa virus	17
severe anemia	17
dromedary camels	17
poorly understood	17
industrial vets	17
clinically healthy	17
serological evidence	17
organisms may	17
relatively small	17
well known	17
within hr	17
three major	17
third countries	17
bacillary hemoglobinuria	17
urban residents	17
mustela putorius	17
special attention	17
subclinical infection	17
progenitor cells	17
tail docking	17
significant role	17
thermo fisher	17
population density	17
per minute	17
common marmoset	17
clinical surveillance	17
producing escherichia	17
research centre	17
epidemiological studies	17
mechanisms involved	17
cats housed	17
infected animal	17
venous pressure	17
abdominal distention	17
skin infections	17
porcine islets	17
di giacomo	17
hiv infection	17
significant decrease	17
ventral abdomen	17
prospective study	17
beef calves	17
left atrial	17
small numbers	17
mild disease	17
may explain	17
scientific literature	17
rate variability	17
calves housed	17
health risk	17
borrelia burgdorferi	17
frothy bloat	17
similar results	17
first days	17
problems associated	17
beneficial effects	17
emerging zoonoses	17
platelet aggregation	17
will reduce	17
study period	17
bacterial pneumonia	17
eye lesions	17
elizabethan collar	17
dairy herds	17
serological tests	17
fungal infections	17
pregnant animals	17
laboratory rabbit	17
animal trade	17
severe combined	17
feed control	17
take care	17
virus neutralization	17
brucella abortus	17
thyroid hormone	17
syphacia obvelata	17
hip dysplasia	17
cell activation	17
microbiological safety	17
adhesion molecule	17
regulatory requirements	17
mass spectrometry	17
natural reservoirs	17
may reduce	17
cns depression	17
antibody titer	17
human sars	17
harderian gland	17
compliant samples	17
abscess formation	17
chronic pain	17
disease outbreak	17
water bottles	17
decision making	17
near future	17
molecular epidemiology	17
medical records	17
cell population	17
ex vivo	17
dna synthesis	17
oxidative damage	17
breast cancer	17
many diseases	17
confirmed cases	17
isothermal amplification	17
fecal shedding	17
production animals	17
protective effects	17
contaminated water	17
professional expertise	17
dairy herd	17
particle size	17
dna vaccine	17
natural history	17
virus outbreak	17
low numbers	17
american alligator	17
rabies vaccination	17
feedlot cattle	17
also called	17
lymphoid hyperplasia	17
goats may	17
first reported	17
pasteurella haemolytica	17
low concentrations	17
less severe	17
estrous cycle	17
ii score	17
three weeks	17
magnetic resonance	17
generally considered	17
tropical rat	17
care must	17
replacement methods	17
made available	17
nutritional deficiencies	17
cecal ligation	17
fluorescein angiography	17
health inspection	17
endogenous retroviruses	17
mhc class	17
transmission may	16
treatment groups	16
chlamydia psittaci	16
calculated using	16
congenital defects	16
consumed wild	16
intact male	16
laboratory findings	16
neurologic disease	16
coxiella burnetii	16
intestinal contents	16
may persist	16
vaccine production	16
teaching hospital	16
bovine leukemia	16
disease burden	16
catarrhal fever	16
clinical isolate	16
erythroid hyperplasia	16
serologic testing	16
target species	16
clinically affected	16
dry matter	16
muscular dystrophy	16
susceptible animals	16
upper airway	16
niv bangladesh	16
patients receiving	16
vaccine manufacturers	16
ectromelia virus	16
binding protein	16
live vaccine	16
food consumption	16
agricultural production	16
antiviral activity	16
infection include	16
affected areas	16
animals immunized	16
also serve	16
another important	16
higher incidence	16
low level	16
protein synthesis	16
capillary permeability	16
following trauma	16
veal calf	16
disease symptoms	16
feed materials	16
production system	16
population health	16
also possible	16
innate immunity	16
viral contamination	16
year period	16
respiratory failure	16
infected colonies	16
may prevent	16
personal communication	16
disease associated	16
food supply	16
medical management	16
cardiogenic shock	16
antimicrobial use	16
string suture	16
malignant edema	16
particular attention	16
system may	16
dog bite	16
may represent	16
kg per	16
cho cells	16
clot formation	16
similar clinical	16
real time	16
two decades	16
surgical patients	16
vascular resistance	16
test methods	16
hind limb	16
clinical syndromes	16
humanized mice	16
quarantine period	16
corona virus	16
microscopic lesions	16
surgical trauma	16
canine rabies	16
free radicals	16
patients suffering	16
usually seen	16
million people	16
livestock species	16
male rats	16
undesirable substances	16
molecular mechanisms	16
blood cultures	16
adult respiratory	16
cell receptor	16
transit time	16
often difficult	16
potential role	16
antibiotics may	16
inflammatory disease	16
common findings	16
cytologic examination	16
new technologies	16
type virus	16
stainless steel	16
first described	16
literature review	16
ornithonyssus bacoti	16
fluid diuresis	16
clinically relevant	16
veterinary hospital	16
adrenal gland	16
vascular endothelium	16
differ significantly	16
soft tissues	16
eu level	16
total protein	16
viral titers	16
exploratory laparotomy	16
adult sheep	16
iv fluids	16
production chain	16
probably due	16
recent advances	16
two species	16
great apes	16
clostridial diseases	16
rat trachea	16
intestinal obstruction	16
informed consent	16
bacterial culture	16
normal animals	16
respiratory viruses	16
largely supportive	16
treatment includes	16
partial hepatectomy	16
gram positive	16
red rubber	16
signs occur	16
studies showed	16
inclusion bodies	16
sars virus	16
female dogs	16
studies involving	16
intranuclear inclusions	16
hazards associated	16
body wall	16
beneficial effect	16
quantification methods	16
inflammatory lesions	16
encephalomyelitis virus	16
within normal	16
times per	16
land use	16
lung lobe	16
natural host	16
proposed changes	16
treatment options	16
reference ranges	16
also associated	16
endogenous retrovirus	16
intestinal parasites	16
source attribution	16
copper deficiency	16
council regulation	16
adult cats	16
plasma endotoxin	16
donor animals	16
multiple trauma	16
animal industry	16
animals per	16
key point	16
valuable tool	16
used successfully	16
cas system	16
mice developed	16
wound management	16
host immune	16
clinical significance	16
virus shedding	16
chronic kidney	16
oral vaccination	16
human life	16
large part	16
two days	16
induced arthritis	16
helicobacter pylori	16
muscle cells	15
control programmes	15
hematogenous spread	15
pathogenic microorganisms	15
female rats	15
bred dogs	15
wildlife health	15
negative impact	15
dairy goats	15
health perspective	15
porcine endogenous	15
histological examination	15
ophthalmic examination	15
tnf levels	15
wound closure	15
fecal culture	15
factor alpha	15
ground squirrels	15
calf production	15
laboratory workers	15
wound infection	15
serum potassium	15
border disease	15
population wellness	15
urine samples	15
meat production	15
lateral recumbency	15
general public	15
many tissues	15
like coronaviruses	15
microbiological status	15
overall health	15
mycobacterium avium	15
frequently observed	15
true negative	15
external parasites	15
one day	15
housed calves	15
organ system	15
tumors may	15
drug resistance	15
ocular discharge	15
positive correlation	15
active ingredient	15
cattle infected	15
pressure sores	15
dietary changes	15
sodium chloride	15
significantly less	15
necrotic foci	15
two animals	15
recombinant dna	15
hamster model	15
identifi cation	15
early stage	15
coat color	15
veterinary clinic	15
include vomiting	15
burn wound	15
factors may	15
borne disease	15
respiratory droplets	15
major histocompatibility	15
adult worms	15
cov replication	15
diseased animals	15
cattle herds	15
procoagulant activity	15
examination findings	15
may therefore	15
one hour	15
important consideration	15
administer supplemental	15
animal bites	15
wound contamination	15
also provide	15
acute pain	15
human rights	15
retinal detachment	15
goat carcasses	15
smaller ruminants	15
relatively high	15
pet insurance	15
therapy products	15
combined immunodeficiency	15
slit lamp	15
particularly important	15
gel electrophoresis	15
prevent disease	15
veterinary surgeons	15
vascular endothelial	15
standing heat	15
dog bites	15
respiratory pattern	15
mammalian cell	15
clinical use	15
animal waste	15
peritoneal lavage	15
higher among	15
natural disease	15
health concern	15
amr problem	15
subunit vaccine	15
last decade	15
median age	15
rhinotracheitis virus	15
serological testing	15
infectious peritonitis	15
flocks herds	15
decreased production	15
times higher	15
cancer therapy	15
concurrent disease	15
white veal	15
au nps	15
norovirus infection	15
mice inoculated	15
clinical examination	15
maternal immunity	15
meq kg	15
head trauma	15
record keeping	15
chronic stress	15
new animal	15
fetal calf	15
salivary gland	15
opportunistic infections	15
protective efficacy	15
laryngeal paralysis	15
important source	15
results showed	15
combination therapy	15
term survival	15
malignant catarrhal	15
mice also	15
recent report	15
median survival	15
routine use	15
dental disease	15
complement system	15
human sera	15
slaughter hygiene	15
highly virulent	15
resonance imaging	15
enteric disease	15
imported animals	15
annual cycle	15
high morbidity	15
cites listed	15
uniform splenomegaly	15
house mouse	15
cell function	15
viral vectors	15
serum il	15
diseases associated	15
following major	15
healthy controls	15
contagious disease	15
human cells	15
endotoxin levels	15
novel viruses	15
electron microscopic	15
mortem examination	15
like symptoms	15
murine norovirus	15
common disease	15
attitudes toward	15
aerosol route	15
intranasal inoculation	15
fully understood	15
corneal edema	15
usually present	15
data analysis	15
surgical correction	15
inflammatory process	15
derived products	15
cell carcinomas	15
inhibitory effect	15
us million	15
carcass level	15
infection also	15
import records	15
fl uid	15
fusobacterium necrophorum	15
packed cell	15
water quality	15
health implications	15
like virus	15
histocompatibility complex	15
affected rabbits	15
adaptation physiology	15
health authorities	15
well documented	15
hours following	15
carcinogenic potential	15
typical clinical	15
feline immunodeficiency	15
animals received	15
health system	15
biosecurity measures	15
health officials	15
authors declare	15
infected sheep	15
wildlife diseases	15
increased susceptibility	15
usually subclinical	15
disease signs	15
disease risks	15
increased vascular	15
circulating blood	15
anion gap	15
taken together	15
ambient temperature	15
lethal dose	15
similar disease	15
aborted fetuses	15
may influence	15
producing cells	15
nude mice	15
elevated levels	15
seven days	15
histologic examination	15
heavily contaminated	15
bacterial contamination	15
national institute	15
pregnant women	15
vector vaccine	15
wellness program	15
health program	15
clotting factors	15
veterinary teaching	14
less virulent	14
next generation	14
also increases	14
pulmonary disease	14
traumatic injury	14
topical application	14
worldwide distribution	14
ear mites	14
brain stem	14
great britain	14
serum chemistry	14
emerging viral	14
one must	14
water consumption	14
whereas others	14
acute hemolytic	14
acute inflammation	14
also causes	14
adenovirus vectors	14
welfare issues	14
passive surveillance	14
individual housing	14
inclusion criteria	14
mammalian cells	14
alveolar damage	14
herpes virus	14
increased levels	14
experimental infections	14
future studies	14
extremely important	14
see appendix	14
occur secondary	14
los angeles	14
vitro assays	14
increased serum	14
postoperative day	14
laboratory diagnosis	14
canine infectious	14
novyi type	14
bacterins animals	14
various organs	14
felis silvestris	14
ebola outbreak	14
zoonotic bacterial	14
avian species	14
animal reservoirs	14
four animals	14
fecal contamination	14
rat colonies	14
viral particles	14