bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
saudi arabia	535
hajj pilgrims	385
mass gatherings	282
public health	263
mass gathering	190
respiratory infections	145
respiratory tract	142
infectious diseases	126
respiratory symptoms	123
among pilgrims	123
respiratory viruses	120
respiratory syndrome	119
middle east	117
preventive measures	112
hajj pilgrimage	111
east respiratory	105
acute respiratory	102
among hajj	90
tract infections	90
influenza virus	84
hajj season	83
syndrome coronavirus	80
french pilgrims	80
influenza vaccine	68
respiratory illness	67
hand hygiene	65
healthcare workers	63
respiratory pathogens	60
respiratory diseases	60
infectious disease	59
like illness	58
infections among	56
sore throat	54
health care	54
influenza viruses	54
systematic review	53
global health	47
australian hajj	46
health security	46
influenza vaccination	42
risk factors	42
iranian pilgrims	41
world health	41
pandemic influenza	41
cohort study	40
cord uid	40
doc id	40
verbal autopsy	38
among iranian	38
pilgrims returning	38
health organization	37
infection control	36
streptococcus pneumoniae	35
among australian	34
health risks	34
acquired pneumonia	34
high risk	33
infection among	32
diseases among	32
prospective cohort	31
malaysian hajj	31
syndromic surveillance	31
annual hajj	30
rift valley	30
respiratory infection	30
hajj period	30
among malaysian	30
viral respiratory	30
pneumococcal vaccine	30
seasonal influenza	29
influenza transmission	29
zika virus	29
statistically significant	29
upper respiratory	28
viruses among	28
respiratory virus	28
pilgrims attending	28
valley fever	27
viral infections	27
disease surveillance	26
iranian hajj	26
pneumococcal vaccination	26
hajj specimens	26
tract infection	26
hemorrhagic fever	25
tb patients	25
world cup	25
saudi ministry	24
virus infection	24
australian pilgrims	24
nasal carriage	24
vaccine uptake	24
gathering events	24
malaysian pilgrims	23
meningococcal disease	23
arabian peninsula	23
tb management	23
face masks	23
hajj questionnaire	23
surveillance system	23
staphylococcus aureus	23
protective measures	23
care workers	22
vaccination status	22
health conditions	22
conducted among	22
mers coronavirus	22
close contact	22
million pilgrims	22
face mask	22
mecca cohort	22
measures among	22
general population	21
million people	21
among french	21
infect dis	21
respiratory syncytial	21
fever virus	21
confirmed cases	21
zoonotic diseases	21
syncytial virus	21
saudi moh	20
sample size	20
hajj seasons	20
dis doi	20
returning hajj	20
muslim pilgrimage	20
pneumococcal disease	20
sectional study	20
french hajj	20
significantly higher	20
gathering medicine	20
indonesian pilgrims	20
pharmaceutical interventions	20
chronic respiratory	19
previous studies	19
hajj samples	19
among returning	19
health authorities	19
saudi arabian	19
illness among	19
ahsa cohort	19
pneumoniae carriage	19
aged years	18
health issues	18
west nile	18
runny nose	18
high prevalence	18
control measures	18
respiratory disease	18
influenza pandemic	18
home countries	18
hajj rituals	18
subjective fever	18
hajj cough	18
death certificate	18
mortality rates	18
cap cases	18
saudi authorities	18
olympic games	18
study period	18
suspected cases	17
intensive care	17
severe acute	17
common respiratory	17
surveillance systems	17
health services	17
one study	17
viral infection	17
saudi pilgrims	17
returning pilgrims	17
tb cases	17
virus infections	17
least one	17
social distancing	17
common cold	17
health education	16
holy sites	16
mortality rate	16
chronic diseases	16
increased risk	16
viral diseases	16
healthcare facilities	16
data collection	16
significant difference	16
recommended vaccines	16
kumbh mela	16
health facilities	16
zoonotic pathogens	16
respiratory symptom	16
hand washing	16
every year	16
significantly associated	16
umrah pilgrims	16
hospital admission	16
another study	15
hajj medical	15
surveillance teams	15
less likely	15
large number	15
study conducted	15
among hcws	15
clinical symptoms	15
nile virus	15
urine antigen	15
high rate	15
zoonotic viral	15
participants reported	15
health hazards	15
sporting events	15
meningococcal vaccine	15
disease transmission	15
disposable handkerchiefs	15
gathering event	14
million muslims	14
international pilgrims	14
mitigation strategies	14
symptomatic pilgrims	14
islamic year	14
antigen test	14
hajj health	14
cov among	14
dengue fever	14
united states	14
surveillance data	14
sputum samples	14
disease control	14
critical illness	14
travel advice	14
severe pneumonia	14
controlled trial	14
confirmed influenza	14
leading cause	14
cough episodes	14
first time	14
tested positive	14
ethics committee	14
uptake among	14
several studies	14
crowded conditions	14
bacteria among	13
fifa world	13
hong kong	13
inclusion criteria	13
rhinovirus infection	13
human coronaviruses	13
respiratory viral	13
performed using	13
human rhinovirus	13
health recommendations	13
mean age	13
umrah mass	13
hajj travel	13
hand sanitizer	13
swab specimens	13
febrile cough	13
medical care	13
health surveillance	13
avian influenza	13
potential risks	13
polymerase chain	13
confirmed tb	12
statin use	12
health behavior	12
ebola virus	12
medical history	12
current study	12
infl uenza	12
communicable disease	12
ili symptoms	12
fatality rate	12
reverse transcription	12
reported among	12
symptoms among	12
diabetes mellitus	12
vaccination rate	12
novel coronavirus	12
time reverse	12
human coronavirus	12
gathering restrictions	12
care units	12
study design	12
international mass	12
attack rate	12
among healthcare	12
years old	12
time pcr	12
zoonotic disease	12
zoonotic infections	12
recent study	11
common viral	11
travel med	11
previous experience	11
health regulations	11
yellow fever	11
egyptian pilgrims	11
religious mass	11
included studies	11
viral pathogens	11
communicable diseases	11
routine surveillance	11
demographic characteristics	11
vaccination coverage	11
vaccine preventable	11
facemask use	11
antibiotic use	11
travel agents	11
travel health	11
acquisition rates	11
haemophilus influenzae	11
gatherings medicine	11
pathogen carriage	11
took place	11
zoonotic infection	11
tertiary care	11
south korea	11
health interventions	11
epidemiological data	11
meningococcal vaccination	11
observational studies	11
th century	11
cov infection	11
odds ratio	11
severe cap	11
may also	11
corona virus	11
travel medicine	10
may increase	10
care facilities	10
ill pilgrims	10
frequently reported	10
one respiratory	10
hajj pattern	10
common among	10
hajj may	10
medical doctor	10
international spread	10
catarrhalis carriage	10
actual use	10
time rt	10
pcr assay	10
among hajjis	10
international health	10
flight group	10
paralympic games	10
use among	10
also reported	10
recent years	10
eastern mediterranean	10
among international	10
confirmed cap	10
chain reaction	10
major public	10
prospective study	10
indonesian public	10
tb suspects	10
cardiovascular disease	10
hajj mass	10
among participants	10
ill travelers	10
pathogens among	10
gastrointestinal symptoms	10
health advice	9
primary health	9
mediterranean region	9
nasal swab	9
vaccine strains	9
mask use	9
last years	9
infection prevention	9
reported respiratory	9
important role	9
youth day	9
among health	9
neisseria meningitidis	9
studies conducted	9
clinical data	9
randomized controlled	9
saudi health	9
autopsy method	9
previous study	9
cov nasal	9
security agenda	9
including influenza	9
throat swab	9
systematic reviews	9
health team	9
grand mosque	9
requiring hospitalization	9
infectious agents	9
among domestic	9
respiratory pathogen	9
largest annual	9
hcws deployed	9
positive samples	9
rates among	9
present study	9
tb diagnosis	9
least respiratory	9
klebsiella pneumoniae	9
world youth	9
one third	9
deaths occurred	9
cases reported	9
domestic hajjis	9
future studies	9
acquisition rate	9
good hand	9
hajj respiratory	9
food poisoning	9
throat swabs	9
lrti symptoms	9
diseases surveillance	9
respir viruses	9
novel corona	9
sexual assault	9
study among	9
suspected tb	9
possible lrti	9
preventative measures	9
cohort studies	9
international airport	9
medical mission	8
reported receiving	8
pilgrims reported	8
diagnostic test	8
using hand	8
virus detection	8
cohort survey	8
participants whose	8
studies involving	8
virus transmission	8
different countries	8
cov surveillance	8
diagnostic tests	8
aedes aegypti	8
including saudi	8
pneumonia requiring	8
pneumonia causing	8
west africa	8
uk pilgrims	8
previous reports	8
virus disease	8
causing critical	8
samples collected	8
scout jamboree	8
vaccine among	8
pneumococcal pneumonia	8
temporal patterns	8
management guidelines	8
pilgrims influenza	8
human transmission	8
control study	8
health requirements	8
disease outbreaks	8
fold increase	8
endemic countries	8
muslim pilgrims	8
several countries	8
pakistani pilgrims	8
study population	8
influenza among	8
virus types	8
cough etiquette	8
health workers	8
factors associated	8
individual preventive	8
internet connection	8
dromedary camels	8
global public	8
underlying health	8
severe community	8
air pollution	8
indian hajj	8
med infect	8
associated viral	8
may play	8
positive cases	8
pneumococcal infections	8
lower respiratory	8
study showed	8
large numbers	8
patients admitted	8
hajj sites	8
among egyptian	8
risk perception	8
facemask among	8
chronic medical	8
pilgrims participating	8
surveillance program	8
two million	8
health challenges	8
surveillance reports	8
pilgrims presented	8
health preparedness	8
music festivals	8
productive cough	8
umrah pilgrimage	8
higher risk	8
rabies virus	8
king abdul	8
abdul aziz	8
health promotion	8
drug resistance	8
alcoholic steatohepatitis	8
saudi nationals	8
many pilgrims	8
vaccine effectiveness	8
confined area	8
sectional survey	8
viral disease	8
enhanced surveillance	8
holy cities	8
measures including	7
severe sepsis	7
attending hajj	7
illness clinically	7
cov infections	7
reported using	7
pilgrim mortality	7
informed consent	7
mosquito bites	7
dual carriage	7
arab emirates	7
rhinovirus infections	7
across studies	7
religious gatherings	7
hospitalized patients	7
transmission among	7
neighboring countries	7
serum samples	7
chronic disease	7
statistical analysis	7
world scout	7
grand magal	7
global spread	7
overall prevalence	7
randomized trial	7
episodes among	7
among visitors	7
cap patients	7
confidence interval	7
smartphone application	7
human stampede	7
randomised controlled	7
consecutive years	7
sports events	7
hand rubs	7
positive influenza	7
eff orts	7
influenza vaccines	7
viral zoonotic	7
recommendations among	7
cases among	7
united arab	7
sanofi pasteur	7
alcoholic hand	7
based study	7
logistic regression	7
considered statistically	7
health information	7
increasing number	7
escherichia coli	7
mycobacterium tuberculosis	7
attended hajj	7
returning home	7
emerging respiratory	7
whose post	7
local health	7
also recommended	7
review board	7
carriage increased	7
health problems	7
death certificates	7
human metapneumovirus	7
saudi hospitals	7
significant differences	7
religious events	7
circulating strains	7
least virus	7
international public	7
deaths per	7
data collected	7
two thirds	7
study found	7
flight doctor	7
influenza infection	7
international travel	7
summer olympics	7
illness symptoms	7
among umrah	7
clinical features	7
response rate	7
camel milk	7
resistant bacteria	7
routine death	7
disease alert	7
mers cov	7
institutional review	7
nucleic acid	7
circulating influenza	7
tuberculosis infection	7
common symptoms	7
human stampedes	7
dhf infection	7
medical diseases	7
alkhurma hemorrhagic	7
health measures	7
health data	7
based methods	7
data regarding	7
literature review	7
real time	7
north africa	7
one hundred	7
travel questionnaire	7
rate among	7
active tb	7
invasive pneumococcal	7
transcription polymerase	7
indonesian hajj	7
defining influenza	7
moraxella catarrhalis	7
among patients	7
care hospital	7
philippe title	7
used facemasks	7
key considerations	6
health policies	6
health diplomacy	6
peak hajj	6
without sputum	6
gastrointestinal diseases	6
morbidity rates	6
disease outbreak	6
major concern	6
mina health	6
healthcare providers	6
years based	6
febrile illness	6
studies reported	6
advisory board	6
square test	6
spreading infectious	6
health agencies	6
antimicrobial resistance	6
high mortality	6
sporting event	6
viral etiology	6
high among	6
varied widely	6
high level	6
based surveillance	6
new cases	6
islamic belief	6
winter olympics	6
human cases	6
pilgrims sampled	6
makkah city	6
may help	6
international hajj	6
livestock trade	6
new york	6
health officials	6
hajj date	6
pilot randomised	6
associated factors	6
mtb rif	6
may include	6
among us	6
significant association	6
different zoonotic	6
preventing influenza	6
will also	6
health system	6
control strategies	6
likely due	6
per cent	6
electronic surveillance	6
potential role	6
fatty liver	6
disease data	6
severe illness	6
respiratory illnesses	6
pregnant women	6
relevant studies	6
deaths occurring	6
five consecutive	6
southern iran	6
risk factor	6
physically demanding	6
pandemic infl	6
observed among	6
health threats	6
preventable diseases	6
global population	6
influenza surveillance	6
pilgrims found	6
muslim population	6
risk communication	6
american cities	6
gathering religious	6
british hajj	6
holy places	6
public gatherings	6
global community	6
human respiratory	6
community acquired	6
th day	6
health protection	6
pilgrims admitted	6
saudi population	6
human rhinoviruses	6
crowd control	6
pilgrims departing	6
wearing face	6
human research	6
liver disease	6
mg medicine	6
medical conditions	6
full text	6
health centers	6
diseases associated	6
dry cough	6
total number	6
congo hemorrhagic	6
many countries	6
early detection	6
health implications	6
available data	6
pilgrim patients	6
significant proportion	6
influenza viral	6
islamic calendar	6
pneumococcal vaccines	6
nasal swabs	6
largest mass	6
influenza outbreaks	6
hajj areas	6
used antibiotics	6
polysaccharide vaccine	6
sectional studies	6
fars province	6
viruses including	6
mortality surveillance	6
pulmonary tuberculosis	6
people attending	6
pilgrims aged	6
among pakistani	6
animal species	6
recent studies	6
influenza positive	6
aziz international	6
crowd densities	6
vast majority	6
developing countries	6
dhf virus	5
based studies	5
tehran university	5
coronavirus disease	5
bordetella pertussis	5
frequent hand	5
emergency room	5
pilot use	5
literature search	5
authors declare	5
take part	5
carriage among	5
respiratory samples	5
age groups	5
group leaders	5
coronavirus infection	5
participants gave	5
countries sending	5
ill health	5
studies showed	5
medical sciences	5
holy mosque	5
black nazarene	5
cases admitted	5
data analysis	5
otitis media	5
mortality data	5
influenza season	5
seeking medical	5
per day	5
epidemic potential	5
emergency committee	5
among saudi	5
congo haemorrhagic	5
recorded among	5
personal protective	5
acquiring respiratory	5
taking antibiotics	5
protective equipment	5
hospital admissions	5
tour operators	5
first phase	5
study involving	5
gastrointestinal infections	5
serving pilgrims	5
haemorrhagic fever	5
past year	5
focal point	5
human adenovirus	5
rates ranging	5
close proximity	5
none declared	5
pilgrimage hajj	5
factors influencing	5
pilgrims arrive	5
human rabies	5
vaccination guidelines	5
may result	5
health concern	5
health management	5
track traveller	5
mycoplasma pneumoniae	5
using preventive	5
chronic conditions	5
smartphone app	5
using spss	5
medical city	5
fisher exact	5
tb risk	5
geosentinel sites	5
harunor title	5
decision making	5
rabies cases	5
climate change	5
low risk	5
vaccinations among	5
music festival	5
previously reported	5
hajj experience	5
pneumonia among	5
multivariate analysis	5
including cough	5
human cytomegalovirus	5
may lead	5
pilgrims will	5
terminally ill	5
relative risk	5
case fatality	5
pneumoniae among	5
one pathogen	5
tour group	5
medical services	5
cov cases	5
multiple factors	5
laboratory confirmation	5
better understanding	5
hajj compared	5
study designs	5
associated acute	5
flu vaccine	5
meningococcal meningitis	5
symptoms reported	5
preventable influenza	5
vaccine efficacy	5
among symptomatic	5
per year	5
significant acquisition	5
restricting mass	5
hajj visas	5
magal pilgrims	5
mecca pilgrimage	5
high morbidity	5
global perspectives	5
host country	5
care unit	5
hajj surveillance	5
times higher	5
median age	5
protective practices	5
cov outbreak	5
inevitable hajj	5
particular concern	5
reverse transcriptase	5
common pathogens	5
laboratory diagnosis	5
tb transmission	5
written informed	5
pilgrims received	5
hajj journey	5
reference lists	5
declared influenza	5
comprehensive review	5
returning travellers	5
inevitable overcrowding	5
per square	5
potentially relevant	5
critically ill	5
retrospective cross	5
higher among	5
southern hemisphere	5
associated febrile	5
test effectiveness	5
collect infectious	5
commonest cause	5
greater risk	5
illness transmission	5
care centers	5
awareness among	5
traveller health	5
rvf virus	5
earlier studies	5
health emergency	5
hajj years	5
take place	5
indonesian pilgrim	5
small number	5
time quantitative	5
health response	5
religious pilgrims	5
novel human	5
good clinical	5
human bocavirus	5
four percent	5
risk pilgrims	5
vector control	5
young children	5
novel smartphone	5
low prevalence	5
reporting items	5
clinical practices	5
specimens tested	5
hajj tour	5
ebola outbreak	5
notifiable diseases	5
ill patients	5
coronavirus circulation	5
reported symptoms	5
research ethics	5
king fahad	5
xpert mtb	5
factors among	5
including deaths	5
practices recommended	5
respiratory specimens	5
high rates	5
outbreak reports	5
natural history	5
sending pilgrims	5
hospital death	5
us travelers	5
bacterial pathogens	5
autopsy findings	5
incubation period	5
sendai framework	5
health systems	5
medical office	5
leaving saudi	5
average age	5
among attendees	5
tb drugs	5
causative agents	5
main reason	5
countries including	5
hajj attendees	5
pilot study	5
hajj planners	5
reported ili	5
emerging infectious	5
hajj influenza	5
also collected	5
preventing respiratory	5
health behaviour	5
animal bites	5
among indian	5
contact avoidance	5
aerosol transmission	5
hajj pilgrimages	5
two studies	5
preferred reporting	5
pharmaceutical preventive	5
infection symptoms	5
cases occurred	5
demographic factors	5
parainfluenza viruses	5
modern hajj	5
preventive measure	5
least two	5
gatherings health	5
last decade	5
clinical samples	5
mission personnel	5
vaccination among	5
pilgrims travelling	5
dengue virus	5
hrv carriage	5
rti symptoms	5
travel agencies	5
experimental study	5
vaccinated pilgrims	5
three studies	5
performing hajj	5
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis	4
nonalcoholic fatty	4
two major	4
international concern	4
air festivals	4
saudi residents	4
massive crowds	4
issues arising	4
first cases	4
health directorates	4
demographic data	4
city ethics	4
guideline compliance	4
alcohol hand	4
complex interactions	4
hajj nasal	4
high proportion	4
different species	4
studies included	4
qassim region	4
medical missions	4
also observed	4
heart disease	4
invasive disease	4
medical consultation	4
convenience sample	4
transmission risk	4
relatively small	4
super spreader	4
symptoms lack	4
care services	4
treated pilgrims	4
pilgrimage travel	4
health problem	4
public hospitals	4
review committee	4
pilgrims used	4
planning recommendations	4
predominant bacteria	4
bronchial asthma	4
risk due	4
highly pathogenic	4
associated infections	4
sputum specimens	4
three million	4
competing interests	4
incubation time	4
concerning antimicrobial	4
elderly people	4
potential risk	4
effective use	4
current recommendations	4
tropheryma whipplei	4
recent findings	4
several factors	4
east africa	4
care providers	4
healthcare facility	4
annual basis	4
severe respiratory	4
economic characteristics	4
laboratory tests	4
relevant papers	4
hospitalized pilgrims	4
significant results	4
mortality among	4
epidemiological study	4
sierra leone	4
carriage rates	4
travelers returning	4
poorly investigated	4
pilgrimage protective	4
national health	4
health behaviors	4
among people	4
viral transport	4
lower prevalence	4
papers identified	4
confirmed case	4
older adults	4
genetic characterization	4
may indicate	4
local symptoms	4
scoring system	4
participants aged	4
north america	4
northern hemisphere	4
perform hajj	4
year period	4
emerging zoonotic	4
unpasteurized camel	4
old saudi	4
data showed	4
brief stay	4
influenza infections	4
international mgs	4
high attack	4
homeland security	4
even though	4
also found	4
income countries	4
islamic pilgrimage	4
thoracic society	4
among persons	4
several outbreaks	4
arabia middle	4
common cause	4
swine influenza	4
septic shock	4
ill hajj	4
test results	4
alkhurma virus	4
respiratory problems	4
seven times	4
specialized travel	4
neuraminidase inhibitors	4
took antibiotics	4
travel agency	4
possible coinfection	4
year round	4
diagnosing tb	4
doctor death	4
preventive practices	4
among travelers	4
crowd density	4
reported previously	4
qualitative study	4
pneumococcal polysaccharide	4
two nurses	4
madding crowd	4
early warning	4
hajj hcws	4
waste management	4
wider global	4
current knowledge	4
received one	4
current smokers	4
valent pneumococcal	4
received influenza	4
complete picture	4
high tb	4
zoonotic viruses	4
hajj occurs	4
chlamydia pneumonia	4
professor robert	4
event organizers	4
greatly increases	4
ksa hajj	4
facemask uptake	4
days prior	4
occurring outside	4
influenza like	4
protective behaviors	4
results may	4
pilgrims arriving	4
preventive health	4
morbid conditions	4
gulf corporation	4
antibiotic therapy	4
advisory committee	4
mg attendance	4
previous hajj	4
statin users	4
also showed	4
home address	4
collected information	4
previous data	4
annual pilgrimage	4
best practices	4
made available	4
received funding	4
survey concerning	4
every years	4
health experts	4
received fees	4
major cause	4
pooled data	4
risk conditions	4
reduce mortality	4
three years	4
measured fever	4
hand sanitizers	4
medication use	4
attending mina	4
autopsy form	4
bacterial pneumonia	4
growth rate	4
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workers serving	4
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north india	4
million attendees	4
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pets stores	4
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people per	4
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tb infection	4
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fahad medical	4
app store	4
likert scale	4
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ksa government	4
hemisphere influenza	4
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saudi government	4
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adult community	4
conjugate vaccine	4
muslim world	4
involving australian	4
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especially respiratory	4
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robert booy	4
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patients presenting	4
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olympic winter	4
raw products	4
pet clinics	4
hajj viral	4
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day music	4
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ili varied	4
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religious mgs	4
tb incidence	4
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ksa tb	4
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care system	4
tb guidelines	4
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rvp fast	4
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significant methodological	4
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th centuries	4
among adult	4
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pcr kit	4
outside healthcare	4
mg attendees	4
much higher	4
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univariable analysis	4
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transport media	4
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spss inc	4
ksa residents	4
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wide range	4
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york city	4
christian pilgrimage	4
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african countries	4
international tb	4
winter games	4
voluntary basis	4
got sick	4
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hajj pandemic	4
saudi thoracic	4
zoonotic cases	4
adult hajj	4
islamic world	4
healthcare system	4
will help	4
using real	4
large proportion	4
large crowds	4
clinical respiratory	4
categorical variables	4
old man	4
million muslim	4
antimicrobial use	4
medical facilities	4
two patients	4
scale open	4
commonly acquired	4
vaccination influenza	4
hajj ritual	4
muslims travel	4
health screening	4
many muslims	4
research accounts	4
direct contact	4
us pilgrims	4
bin saeed	4
randomised trial	4
common hcovs	4
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makkah region	4
prevent respiratory	4
pilgrims viral	4
among pets	4
prevent influenza	4
national guard	4
health related	4
dhf cases	3
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drug administration	3
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health research	3
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tract manifestations	3
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laboratory test	3
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rashid received	3
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middle aged	3
two cross	3
multivariable models	3
almost million	3
respiratory bacterium	3
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cdc definition	3
international medical	3
red sea	3
mutual association	3
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overall number	3
epidemiol glob	3
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varying results	3
three times	3
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health legacy	3
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religious rites	3
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forest disease	3
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pose major	3
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amongst indian	3
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mina primary	3
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body mass	3
ever since	3
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first week	3
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respondents reported	3
software program	3
rvf disease	3
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people come	3
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prophet mohammad	3
european football	3
jeddah governorate	3
left saudi	3
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gastrointestinal tract	3
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genus flavivirus	3
culturally appropriate	3
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human enterovirus	3
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uptake rate	3
among females	3
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icu admission	3
pilgrims showed	3
common infections	3
travel samples	3
pathogens will	3
data management	3
ethics review	3
great extent	3
healthy persons	3
mg may	3
knowledge gaps	3
crowded settings	3
may explain	3
chlamydia pneumoniae	3
studies among	3
candida albicans	3
arabia reported	3
lunar calendar	3
well known	3
populous muslim	3
two decades	3
field studies	3
hajj guidelines	3
new insights	3
severe complications	3
asymptomatic individuals	3
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sars outbreak	3
surrounding holy	3
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democratic republic	3
independent positive	3
policies regarding	3
different infectious	3
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female deaths	3
travel agent	3
useful information	3
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spss software	3
raw milk	3
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facilities within	3
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mosquito species	3
complementary health	3
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mini kit	3
measles virus	3
multiple countries	3
london olympics	3
important issues	3
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evidence base	3
reports regarding	3
pilgrims regarding	3
fi ndings	3
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esam i	3
variable results	3
eight hospitals	3
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large multinational	3
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line anti	3
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many years	3
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pertussis vaccine	3
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well understood	3
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mina encampment	3
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different animal	3
reported rates	3
pilgrims travel	3
nucleic acids	3
suffi cient	3
southwestern saudi	3
viral laryngitis	3
clinical criteria	3
lower risk	3
arabia knowledge	3
pilgrims may	3
multinational follow	3
identifi ed	3
protozoan zoonotic	3
several previous	3
south wales	3
physical interventions	3
one case	3
important public	3
sensitive tb	3
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influenza strains	3
transcriptase pcr	3
offered free	3
awareness campaigns	3
demographic details	3
comparability across	3
south africa	3
specific site	3
medical offices	3
hajj travelers	3
cytomegalovirus dna	3
including cases	3
tested using	3
including hajj	3
hajj crowds	3
rio carnival	3
lower compared	3
ksa authorities	3
offer high	3
exact tests	3
epidemiological studies	3
bilateral pneumonia	3
one agent	3
demographic distribution	3
hajj mortality	3
six percent	3
hajj days	3
saharan africa	3
multiplex pcr	3
attending pilgrims	3
reduce respiratory	3
additional nasal	3
reported high	3
active tuberculosis	3
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alere binaxnow	3
predeparture health	3
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toxocara canis	3
high quality	3
virus spread	3
tb treatment	3
conjugate pneumococcal	3
countries worldwide	3
benefi cial	3
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healthy individuals	3
polio vaccine	3
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bacterial infection	3
arabia influenza	3
hajj study	3
may reduce	3
multiplex array	3
remaining papers	3
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limited number	3
hajj using	3
new south	3
hand disinfection	3
different nationalities	3
rigid cotton	3
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animal interface	3
key health	3
reported one	3
us food	3
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first outbreak	3
antibiotics without	3
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three percent	3
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scientific evidence	3
treating tb	3
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care structures	3
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health organisation	3
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tract samples	3
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six cases	3
year old	3
travel reported	3
sponsored research	3
might also	3
mecca pilgrims	3
planned mass	3
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health status	3
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care settings	3
one million	3
greater sydney	3
contact among	3
trivalent influenza	3
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asian countries	3
pilgrims despite	3
longitudinal studies	3
although many	3
smaller number	3
gathering participants	3
respiratory microbiota	3
two pathogens	3
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tahrir square	3
chain reactions	3
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infected patients	3
response resources	3
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risk reduction	3
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fi gure	3
epidemiological pattern	3
notably rhinovirus	3
studies using	3
twentieth century	3
microbiological surveillance	3
infection rates	3
feral dogs	3
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seven pilgrims	3
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tb burden	3
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aedes vexans	3
pneumoniae urine	3
retrospective analysis	3
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respiratory multiplex	3
saudi patients	3
based electronic	3
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laboratory testing	3
four st	3
contact tracing	3
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year influenza	3
religious tourism	3
nonpharmaceutical interventions	3
significant protectiveness	3
attack rates	3
estimated million	3
mecca holy	3
circulating respiratory	3
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sectional multicenter	3
including pneumonia	3
experiences among	3
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ensure better	3
study phases	3
within weeks	3
therefore necessary	3
prospective descriptive	3
valent conjugate	3
week hajj	3
community settings	3
positive mutual	3
statistical significance	3
human infections	3
four successive	3
updated health	3
south america	3
bacterial respiratory	3
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swab samples	3
additional health	3
regional office	3
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pilgrims return	3
electronic dance	3
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patients excluded	3
pcr amplifications	3
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cardiovascular diseases	3
results confirm	3
held every	3
clinical burden	3
manifestations amongst	3
prevent transmission	3
normal saline	3
related public	3
apple app	3
undiagnosed active	3
may provide	3
additional studies	3
final model	3
young people	3
winter olympic	3
departing pilgrims	3
also likely	3
ten centuries	3
mina hospitals	3
female ratio	3
control health	3
pathogens causing	3
significantly lower	3
immunization practices	3
simultaneous detection	3
coxiella burnetii	3
longitudinal study	3
team based	3
enteric pathogens	3
limited resources	3
compliance score	3
religious rituals	3
hajj shows	3
present sample	3
international collaboration	3
turkish hajj	3
cross sectional	3
mgs include	3
predeparture vaccination	3
heat exhaustion	3
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also included	3
infections caused	3
medical records	3
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point likert	3
saudi man	3
warning system	3
plain water	3
morbidity among	3
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wide variety	3
one doctor	3
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infectious origin	3
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throat clinic	3
pilgrims presenting	3
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one health	3
year retrospective	3
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infected persons	3
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tb screening	3
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health issue	3
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indian pilgrims	3
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sectional surveys	3
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guard health	3
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health approaches	3
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done using	3
including million	3
multivariate model	3
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body fluid	3
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professional pre	3
table shows	3
complementary data	3
mina complete	3
female pilgrims	3
supplementary table	3
pandemic strain	3
healthcare centers	3
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studies need	3
reaching mecca	3
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five years	3
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one another	3
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hamadryas baboon	3
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vexans arabiensis	3
future prospects	3
health prevention	3
attributable cap	3
may well	3
molecular epidemiology	3
study also	3
also significantly	3
arabian authorities	3
travel implications	3
tuberculosis among	3
camel exposure	3
med doi	3
viruses circulating	3
primary cause	3
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virus circulation	3
frequently isolated	3
mortality amongst	3
polysaccharide pneumococcal	3
hajj acquisition	3
carriage rate	3
systematic screening	3
fraction yield	3
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illnesses among	3
surgical wards	3
ensure timely	3
health risk	3
community transmission	3
disposable tissues	3
matched cohorts	3
nine observational	3
muslim majority	3
amongst malaysian	3
pilgrimage respiratory	3
medical masks	3
including age	3
better understand	3
kyasanur forest	3
departure health	3
several zoonotic	3
four different	3
pilgrims screened	3
several days	3
risk behaviors	3
open air	3
many international	3
icu admissions	3
compulsory influenza	3
year follow	3
rarely isolated	3
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three days	3
reported developing	3
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particularly rhinovirus	3
medical problems	3
seasonal activity	3
statistical analyses	3
policy issues	3
causative agent	3
conditions within	3
disease virus	3
family members	3
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without prescription	3
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saber title	3
defining burden	3
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religious festival	3
infections like	3
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high response	3
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susceptible tb	3
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tuberculosis patients	3
salmonella spp	3
hajj religious	3
step rt	3
national data	3
health doi	3
questionnaire included	3
international visitors	3
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art surgical	3
cardiac diseases	3
health planners	3
mecca annually	3
harunor rashid	3
naspharyngeal carriage	3
country medical	3
previous years	3
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spss version	3
risk behaviours	3
glob health	3
study pandemic	3
patients originated	3
two cities	3
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study based	3
study participants	3
olympics will	3
pilgrims suffering	3
data confirmed	3
currently available	3
small sample	3
grade fever	3
transmitted among	3
information management	3
statistical package	3
total nucleic	3
fi brosis	3
etiological attribution	3
common diseases	3
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international organizations	3
hospital surveillance	3
contracting disease	3
medical conference	3
mosquito bite	3
pilgrims complied	3
cases attributable	3
month period	3
compliance scores	3
highly contagious	3
expert opinion	3
still symptomatic	3
season date	3
past years	3
aged less	3
coronavirus outbreak	3
active screening	3
cases identified	3
potential effects	3
developed respiratory	3
square meter	3
also recorded	3
pilgrims died	3
related experiences	3
pandemic virus	2
australian studies	2
hajj gathering	2
like influenza	2
hcws reported	2
epidemic worldwide	2
resistant respiratory	2
underlying factor	2
use masks	2
pilgrim fl	2
time pilgrims	2
lung condition	2
similar study	2
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main mode	2
billion muslims	2
possible travelling	2
fold greater	2
protecting hajj	2
polymicrobial interactions	2
hospital outbreak	2
standards needed	2
per tent	2
available literature	2
many pathogens	2
reducing cough	2
holy areas	2
hajj however	2
resistant influenza	2
elderly persons	2
drug use	2
amghar moussem	2
second peak	2
practices concerning	2
potential sources	2
temporal pattern	2
human beings	2
completing hajj	2
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rate increased	2
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month stay	2
hospital patient	2
individual hajj	2
care hospitals	2
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xi lqf	2
western cambodia	2
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arab spring	2
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recommended diagnostic	2
eight times	2
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variables related	2
ml volume	2
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mosquito larvae	2
korea outbreak	2
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little higher	2
arabia particularly	2
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pneumoniae cap	2
extracted using	2
chinese university	2
visa quotas	2
saudi perspective	2
respiratory carriage	2
people died	2
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office holders	2
standard procedures	2
fl exibility	2
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embarkation medical	2
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regression analyses	2
individual non	2
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high benefit	2
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umrah pilgrim	2
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blood samples	2
six pilgrims	2
outcome measures	2
year pattern	2
international guidelines	2
addis ababa	2
generally effective	2
mecca city	2
literature devoted	2
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weekly mortality	2
pilgrims patterns	2
syndrome middle	2
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specifically addressed	2
staff ed	2
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four influenza	2
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male gender	2
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using data	2
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indian subcontinent	2
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arima prediction	2
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early phase	2
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hajj global	2
countries around	2
randomized intervention	2
behaviors among	2
million foreign	2
low rate	2
irb log	2
study suggested	2
two different	2
cited reason	2
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lower occurrence	2
prisma statement	2
rna virus	2
hajj non	2
reemerging pathogens	2
clinically significant	2
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respiratory droplets	2
antibody titers	2
case management	2
viral zoonosis	2
six days	2
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nature remains	2
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health intervention	2
officially organized	2
hajj infections	2
skewed due	2
open reading	2
travel encounter	2
different ages	2
samples using	2
generates routine	2
lethal infectious	2
determine associations	2
pneumoniae acquisition	2
research database	2
many parts	2
enormously enriching	2
existing surveillance	2
positivity rates	2
religious beliefs	2
inhibition test	2
diagnosis controls	2
previous works	2
wildlife migration	2
events including	2
symptoms occur	2
travellers arriving	2
obligatory rites	2
football match	2
interview just	2
tract sputum	2
arabia detection	2
nosocomial infections	2
uk health	2
risk population	2
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days post	2
health organizations	2
various nationalities	2
software version	2
local standard	2
among american	2
olympic festival	2
measures promptly	2
three main	2
pulmonary disease	2
became symptomatic	2
excessive alcohol	2
various countries	2
hygienic interventions	2
accompanying health	2
jtm taw	2
hygiene may	2
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pseudomonas aeruginosa	2
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health belief	2
especially influenza	2
health awareness	2
animal health	2
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molecular diagnostic	2
concerning middle	2
well established	2
medical disorders	2
dengue shock	2
preventive advice	2
formal education	2
text articles	2
disinfectant gel	2
latin american	2
recommend providing	2
employment rate	2
countries may	2
mild febrile	2
information system	2
studies investigated	2
still eight	2
early diagnosis	2
surveillance method	2
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regarding whether	2
first identified	2
quadrivalent meningococcal	2
human metapneumoviruses	2
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health control	2
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usage behaviour	2
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sun exposure	2
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rapid detection	2
two hundred	2
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might pave	2
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two viruses	2
another survey	2
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effi cacy	2
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iranian general	2
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mecca hcws	2
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tract respiratory	2
broad international	2
twenty years	2
participants years	2
considerations health	2
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initial identification	2
conclusions regarding	2
febrile dyspnea	2
study assessed	2
introduced via	2
invasive meningococcal	2
obstructive pulmonary	2