Distant Reader - keyword-patient-cord

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-25 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader cord process, and the input was the result of a query applied to a local mirror of CORD, a data set of scholarly articles on the topic of COVID-19. The actual query was: keywords:patient. The results of this query were saved in a cache and transformed into a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 2,875 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 16,904,050 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 11,012 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 45. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

patients, covid, study, disease, patient, clinical, treatment, may, results, infection, care, risk, cells, blood, associated, also, group, cases, data, severe, acute, cell, respiratory, one, using, high, time, use, used, therapy, hospital, sars, two, analysis, years, days, age, studies, cov, health, mortality, however, methods, performed, increased, non, compared, based, significant, levels

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The 45th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation: Physicians – Poster Session, 2018 ASPHO ABSTRACTS, and Abstracts Presented at the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS) 15th Annual Meeting.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

acute respiratory, intensive care, coronavirus disease, critically ill, risk factors, novel coronavirus, respiratory syndrome, mechanical ventilation, severe acute, ill patients, health care, care unit, respiratory distress, stem cell, mg kg, severe covid, respiratory failure, mean age, distress syndrome, systematic review, bone marrow, clinical characteristics, control group, cancer patients, hospitalized patients, significantly higher, one patient, cord uid, doc id, clinical trials, septic shock, cohort study, united states, critical care, blood pressure, respiratory tract, increased risk, two groups, high risk, statistically significant, cell transplantation, patients admitted, significant difference, heart failure, syndrome coronavirus, mortality rate, median age, among patients, peripheral blood, public health

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are 40th International Symposium on Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 24-27 March 2020 ESICM 2010 MONDAY SESSIONS 11 October 2010, and Proceedings of Réanimation 2017, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

patient, covid-19, sars, icu, study, cell, infection, care, disease, result, treatment, group, cancer, hospital, pcr, china, method, case, ards, cov-2, clinical, day, conclusion, respiratory, il-6, copd, health, ace2, university, surgery, acute, severe, hiv, high, dna, pneumonia, lung, rna, increase, ppe, mri, ifn, ecmo, drug, cmv, blood, year, child, pulmonary, mers

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be patients, and Clinical features of culture-proven Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

patients, covid, disease - Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science
patients, results, blood - 50th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery. Vienna, June 18–20, 2009. Guest Editors: Albert Tuchmann, Erhard Schwanzer, Benedikt Walzel
patients, covid, patient - Response of Practicing Chiropractors during the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Report
patients, study, icu - The clinical significance of blood lactate levels in evaluation of adult patients with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
patients, study, asthma - Aspects cliniques, physiopathologiques, et thérapeutiques de la sclérose en plaques

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

patients, study, disease, treatment, patient, results, infection, risk, cells, blood, cases, care, data, group, cell, time, therapy, years, analysis, days, age, use, studies, mortality, hospital, methods, levels, diagnosis, case, lung, symptoms, syndrome, pneumonia, cancer, rate, health, children, day, infections, response, system, management, factors, number, control, virus, coronavirus, groups, failure, surgery

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

using, include, show, associated, increasing, perform, compared, following, reported, based, found, required, received, treated, reduced, develop, identified, providing, present, suggest, evaluated, related, considered, caused, improved, assess, occurred, observed, determined, needed, induce, leading, made, demonstrated, underwent, detected, decreased, remains, give, describes, confirmed, obtained, seen, resulting, taking, indicated, measured, according, known, involve

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

COVID-19, SARS, ICU, CoV-2, CT, mg, China, T, PCR, C, Hospital, Health, II, ARDS, •, University, MRI, Wuhan, Coronavirus, HSCT, CI, B, A, S., Disease, IL-6, RNA, L, Fig, Table, Care, HIV, COPD, kg, IV, M., ED, US, ACE2, CoV, Group, ±, Medical, C., der, United, National, HLA, M, Society

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

we, it, our, their, they, its, i, them, he, she, his, her, us, you, your, itself, one, themselves, my, him, me, himself, ourselves, mg, ours, mrs, yourself, herself, oneself, myself, em, s, 's, il-1β, igg4, theirs, covid-19, aptt, rrt, iicas, iga1, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08, p210bcr, mine, ioaes, imagej, nvh1n1, itma, cha, +

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

clinical, severe, acute, high, respiratory, significant, non, higher, positive, first, covid-19, different, low, pulmonary, medical, viral, common, specific, early, chronic, normal, patient, important, new, human, negative, lower, anti, primary, surgical, inflammatory, immune, available, renal, possible, many, mean, cardiac, median, several, potential, similar, multiple, present, small, single, large, effective, diagnostic, total

also, however, well, significantly, respectively, therefore, often, even, especially, critically, still, previously, usually, prior, currently, recently, particularly, highly, less, frequently, furthermore, clinically, commonly, potentially, statistically, now, approximately, moreover, mainly, later, first, alone, rapidly, least, generally, finally, relatively, directly, rather, already, additionally, yet, almost, together, initially, widely, far, immediately, retrospectively, early

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.