bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
guinea pigs	507
guinea pig	230
clinical signs	210
respiratory syndrome	209
porcine reproductive	196
syndrome virus	162
infected pigs	112
immune responses	95
porcine circovirus	87
immune response	77
respiratory disease	74
influenza virus	72
pigs infected	67
dko pigs	61
outbreak herds	61
swine influenza	61
pig farmers	60
control pigs	58
body weight	57
circovirus type	55
pig traders	53
exposed controls	52
virus infection	51
lymph nodes	50
porcine epidemic	48
clinical disease	48
respiratory tract	48
prrsv infection	48
heat stress	47
amino acid	46
united states	46
transgenic pigs	44
present study	43
air samples	42
epidemic diarrhea	42
infected animals	41
diarrhea virus	39
innate immune	39
porcine respiratory	38
swine fever	37
immune system	37
inoculated pigs	37
time pcr	36
transmissible gastroenteritis	36
pig buildings	35
small intestine	34
genome editing	34
crispr cas	33
animal models	33
wt pigs	32
doc id	32
cord uid	32
lung lesions	32
parainfluenza virus	31
nk cells	31
iv strains	31
serum samples	30
sf sf	30
domestic pigs	30
clinical manifestations	30
wild pigs	30
neutralizing antibodies	29
pigs inoculated	29
nipah virus	29
mg kg	29
significantly higher	29
highly pathogenic	28
pig model	28
viral infections	28
actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae	28
pig production	27
pig id	27
previously described	27
pigs exposed	27
porcine endogenous	26
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae	26
nasopharynx samples	26
nasopharyngeal flora	25
animal species	25
prrsv strain	25
genetically modified	25
negative controls	25
interstitial pneumonia	25
chadox ncov	25
live pigs	25
epithelial cells	25
gene segments	25
may also	25
gastroenteritis virus	24
significant differences	24
animal model	24
tf tf	24
animal health	24
challenged pigs	24
economic losses	24
pigs per	24
like particles	24
swine iv	24
antibody responses	23
viral rna	23
dendritic cells	23
sales data	23
african swine	23
peripheral blood	23
bordetella bronchiseptica	23
previous study	22
days post	22
bone marrow	22
laboratory animals	22
antibody response	22
antigenic sites	22
adaptive immune	22
statistically significant	22
van hoosier	21
cell lines	21
influenza viruses	21
sendai virus	21
knockout pigs	21
contact pigs	20
significant difference	20
additional file	20
affected animals	20
weight gain	20
escherichia coli	20
adrenal gland	20
direct contact	20
lymph node	20
mean group	20
mononuclear cells	20
experimental infection	20
pigs compared	20
control group	20
proinflammatory cytokines	19
pdcov infection	19
cell responses	19
north american	19
respiratory coronavirus	19
fisher scientific	19
streptobacillus moniliformis	19
applied biosystems	19
one pig	19
pig herds	19
acute respiratory	19
nonhuman primates	19
pig farms	19
porcine parvovirus	18
laboratory guinea	18
reproductive failure	18
wasting syndrome	18
high mortality	18
blood samples	18
previous studies	18
vaccine development	18
growing pigs	18
performance herds	18
public health	18
may result	18
pigs may	18
nuclear transfer	18
pigs sampled	18
infectious diseases	18
alveolar macrophages	18
lung tissues	17
upper respiratory	17
sequences obtained	17
cytokine levels	17
adaptive immunity	17
balf samples	17
current study	17
thermo fisher	17
gene editing	17
nasal discharge	17
tl co	17
pig farmer	17
lung tissue	17
modified pigs	17
gene expression	16
two groups	16
important role	16
virus replication	16
prrsv isolates	16
fecal samples	16
endothelial cells	16
amino acids	16
innate immunity	16
rectal temperatures	16
total number	16
high morbidity	16
two pigs	16
nucleotide level	15
virus infections	15
production systems	15
pigs coinfected	15
wastewater workers	15
traders operating	15
two different	15
human cd	15
pedv rna	15
clostridium difficile	15
tcid ml	15
chlamydia spp	15
classical swine	15
based vaccine	15
stimulating factor	15
endogenous retroviruses	15
body temperature	15
sham inoculated	15
pig population	15
viral replication	15
acid level	15
prrsv challenged	14
also known	14
polymerase chain	14
co hb	14
source data	14
flow cytometry	14
relative abundance	14
acute phase	14
pig cells	14
chain reaction	14
per animal	14
sample size	14
farm gate	14
resistance genes	14
pathogenic porcine	14
performed using	14
nervous system	14
antibody titres	14
treatment groups	14
feral swine	14
pcv antigen	14
internal gene	14
per pig	14
negative control	14
disease complex	13
risk factors	13
statistical analysis	13
secondary bacterial	13
xenograft rejection	13
pig colonies	13
wasting disease	13
large animal	13
equi subsp	13
virus isolation	13
inflammatory cytokines	13
immunosorbent assay	13
smallholder pig	13
plga nps	13
per group	13
bioaerosol exposure	13
bronchoalveolar lavage	13
stomach wall	13
intestinal contents	13
differential abundance	13
vaccine delivery	13
antimicrobial resistance	13
zoonotic potential	13
rectal temperature	13
one study	13
ex vivo	13
viral load	13
animal care	12
monoclonal antibody	12
endogenous retrovirus	12
disease resistance	12
pulmonary function	12
porcine viral	12
survival time	12
signs include	12
laboratory animal	12
infected guinea	12
sus scrofa	12
pedv infection	12
recombinant human	12
cell population	12
inflammatory response	12
lung parenchyma	12
transgenic pig	12
described previously	12
mg ml	12
type i	12
room temperature	12
gross lesions	12
antimicrobial consumption	12
porcine pleuropneumonia	12
mouth disease	12
porcine genome	12
blood cell	12
like particle	12
disease outbreaks	12
young guinea	12
human complement	12
antimicrobial use	12
human parainfluenza	12
three groups	12
data obtained	12
naturally occurring	12
weight loss	12
cd cd	12
ggta knock	12
treated pigs	12
pig trader	12
tissue samples	12
pig populations	12
linked immunosorbent	12
cell response	12
three times	12
pig industry	12
weight ratio	12
swine herds	12
fever virus	12
type porcine	12
human blood	12
otitis media	12
blood mononuclear	12
bal cells	12
prrsv rna	12
early stages	11
trixacarus caviae	11
small farms	11
hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis	11
virus vaccine	11
postmortem examination	11
weaned pigs	11
heat shock	11
exposed control	11
central nervous	11
histopathologic lesions	11
alpha diversity	11
calculated using	11
infectious agents	11
fc treatment	11
cavia porcellus	11
natural infection	11
experimentally infected	11
rna virus	11
virus strain	11
old pigs	11
immune cells	11
day post	11
acds per	11
incubation period	11
virus challenge	11
high fever	11
prrsv antibody	11
microscopic lung	11
encephalitozoon cuniculi	11
prrsv isolate	11
pet guinea	11
electron microscopy	11
niv infection	11
streptococcus suis	11
natural infections	11
infectious disease	11
cytokines measured	11
time points	11
bacterial infections	11
time point	11
prrsv challenge	11
sick pigs	11
class i	11
viral loads	11
ri wkh	11
causative agent	11
causative organism	11
cloned pigs	11
significantly elevated	11
farmer samples	11
large white	11
buffered formalin	11
pcv dna	11
pigs using	10
based vaccines	10
previous reports	10
gnotobiotic pigs	10
pedv pigs	10
early weaning	10
per kg	10
prrsv alone	10
protective immunity	10
pigs also	10
transgenic expression	10
mortality rate	10
group mean	10
lower respiratory	10
higher levels	10
secondary infections	10
affected pigs	10
hev gt	10
ha sequences	10
poor performance	10
swine industry	10
became sick	10
clinical symptoms	10
commercially available	10
srcr domain	10
times greater	10
oral cavity	10
viral clearance	10
naturally infected	10
prrsv antigen	10
airway resistance	10
pigs exhibited	10
tissue culture	10
pedv group	10
single dose	10
recent study	10
kg body	10
positive pigs	10
lawsonia intracellularis	10
acute death	10
nasal cavity	10
finishing pigs	10
pig adenovirus	10
infection dynamics	10
coinfected groups	10
domestic pig	10
cervical lymphadenitis	10
trichophyton mentagrophytes	10
papn knockout	10
agriculture organization	10
lymphoid tissues	10
disease virus	10
good performance	10
neurological disease	10
biomedical research	10
samples collected	10
phylogenetic analysis	10
significantly lower	10
wt group	10
pigs showed	10
survival rates	10
respiratory rate	10
tracheobronchial lymph	10
dc macrophage	10
clostridium piliforme	10
per ml	10
edited pigs	10
somatic cell	10
another study	10
dairy cows	10
white blood	10
buffered saline	10
pig herd	10
elevated levels	10
nursery pigs	10
avian influenza	10
finisher site	10
yersinia pseudotuberculosis	9
whole tree	9
relative abundances	9
price paid	9
cell epitopes	9
cd cells	9
prrsv strains	9
pigs experimentally	9
exposed individuals	9
average daily	9
viral challenge	9
nasopharyngeal samples	9
strain vr	9
vaccinated pigs	9
porcine plasma	9
human health	9
miniature pigs	9
authors declare	9
key role	9
control animals	9
clostridium perfringens	9
genetically engineered	9
rjxwn challenge	9
cytomegalovirus infection	9
health status	9
stem cells	9
case pigs	9
lymphocytic choriomeningitis	9
streptococcus pneumoniae	9
diversity measures	9
two guinea	9
porcine cell	9
vaccinated animals	9
neutralizing antibody	9
sequence analysis	9
pigs due	9
chitosan nps	9
human diseases	9
considered positive	9
growth performance	9
haemophilus parasuis	9
hendra virus	9
pigs challenged	9
pig cytomegalovirus	9
cell culture	9
standard curve	9
bovsdp pigs	9
wild pig	9
specific antibody	9
highly conserved	9
differentially abundant	9
factors associated	9
pulmonary lesions	9
impulse oscillometry	9
conventional pigs	9
severe acute	9
randomly assigned	9
positive samples	9
cystic fibrosis	9
ii cells	9
cell line	9
cytokine production	9
diffi cult	9
neutralising antibodies	9
state university	9
experimentally induced	9
cell cultures	9
herpes virus	9
individual pigs	9
humoral immune	9
virus shedding	9
lamina propria	9
significant increase	9
igg antibodies	9
macrophage colony	9
experimental infections	9
porcine cytomegalovirus	9
complete blood	9
wastewater treatment	9
multisystemic wasting	9
domestic animals	9
solid organ	9
swine populations	9
cell surface	9
cfu ml	9
clinical application	9
staphylococcus aureus	8
stock virus	8
challenge group	8
european countries	8
respiratory distress	8
reverse transcription	8
supplementary material	8
animal welfare	8
two doses	8
principal coordinate	8
pigs became	8
veterinary medicine	8
regulatory proteins	8
airway obstruction	8
ovarian cysts	8
germ cells	8
final visit	8
national level	8
pig health	8
supplementary file	8
human serum	8
identifi ed	8
mucosal iga	8
analyzed using	8
pneumonia virus	8
closely related	8
inclusion conjunctivitis	8
new zealand	8
chlamydial infection	8
mouse igg	8
human pathogens	8
encephalomyelitis virus	8
genotype prrsv	8
affected guinea	8
clinical trials	8
significantly different	8
human cells	8
case report	8
economically important	8
large amounts	8
cell nuclear	8
gal antigen	8
embryonic death	8
proinflammatory cytokine	8
significantly increased	8
gal antibodies	8
north america	8
genbank accession	8
diagnostic tests	8
pasteurella multocida	8
pig sera	8
specific antibodies	8
prrs virus	8
peripheral airway	8
chlamydia suis	8
high levels	8
data collection	8
domestic swine	8
cell subsets	8
large number	8
vivo perfusion	8
antimicrobial agents	8
pig kidney	8
specific pathogen	8
healthy pigs	8
exposure assessment	8
natural killer	8
microscopic lesions	8
salmonella spp	8
field conditions	8
pigs remained	8
cd knockout	8
cellular immune	8
lavage fluid	8
results obtained	8
adapted iv	8
bacterial community	8
treatment intensity	8
hb kg	8
days prior	8
blood vessels	8
muscular dystrophy	8
lf lf	8
inoculated controls	8
pons medulla	8
danish pig	8
protective immune	8
infected group	8
significantly greater	8
inoculated control	8
gt knockout	8
viral infection	8
female guinea	8
quantitative real	8
nasal swabs	8
pig organs	8
weight body	8
atcc vr	8
fl ora	8
heart rate	8
conjunctival swabs	8
xenograft survival	8
human disease	8
master mix	8
respiratory signs	8
dko group	8
porcine cd	8
clinical presentation	8
south america	8
iga antibody	8
pseudorabies virus	8
eight pigs	8
recent years	8
niv vaccine	8
kag vaccine	8
bacterial culture	8
associated disease	8
tissue sections	8
also reported	7
toxoplasma gondii	7
commonly used	7
antibody levels	7
fattening pigs	7
cytokine genes	7
antibiotic treatment	7
cynomolgus monkeys	7
porcine deltacoronavirus	7
pathological lesions	7
necrosis factor	7
different amino	7
syndrome viruses	7
pigs date	7
online version	7
organ xenotransplantation	7
shock protein	7
response compared	7
mortality rates	7
postweaning multisystemic	7
acid sequence	7
later stages	7
mammary gland	7
virus neutralizing	7
blood agar	7
may become	7
macrophage network	7
blood cells	7
neutralising antibody	7
infected swine	7
pigs expressing	7
different animal	7
villous atrophy	7
pigs developed	7
vaccine candidate	7
log transformed	7
antigen uptake	7
selective breeding	7
nasal secretion	7
identified deps	7
liver failure	7
microbial community	7
per cent	7
brain tissue	7
carrier state	7
pigs died	7
also collected	7
host immune	7
norwegian pig	7
acute liver	7
van gorp	7
supplementary table	7
expressing human	7
unifrac distance	7
pd whole	7
molecular epidemiology	7
xenotransplantation using	7
commercial vaccines	7
cd cell	7
pigs porcine	7
large farms	7
signs associated	7
severe disease	7
life technologies	7
san diego	7
porcine cells	7
antimicrobial usage	7
strain guinea	7
finisher pigs	7
donor cells	7
intestinal epithelium	7
respiratory mechanics	7
stress response	7
porcine alveolar	7
pathological changes	7
health management	7
ex hz	7
gene segment	7
liver regeneration	7
iav infection	7
histopathologic examination	7
white pigs	7
different superscripts	7
economic impact	7
indicates significant	7
occupational exposure	7
reproductive performance	7
cells using	7
peptide pools	7
foster city	7
bd biosciences	7
stranded rna	7
five pigs	7
diagnosis diagnosis	7
outbreak herd	7
serum sample	7
aortic endothelial	7
prrsv nc	7
envelope protein	7
epizootic outbreak	7
porcine ifn	7
roslin institute	7
available online	7
suis infection	7
peak viremia	7
course doses	7
intramuscular injection	7
respiratory impedance	7
engineered pigs	7
diabetes mellitus	7
monoclonal antibodies	7
virus porcine	7
distance metric	7
mediated cytotoxicity	7
adapted virus	7
nk cell	7
use committee	7
type prrsv	7
small intestinal	7
protective efficacy	7
pigs often	7
scavenger receptor	7
pork industry	7
cas system	7
identifi cation	7
one report	7
esvac project	7
disease control	7
bovsdp group	7
delivery systems	7
production system	7
pancreatic islets	7
qiime script	7
disease process	7
blood monocytes	7
facs buffer	7
rjxwn contact	7
also detected	7
different treatment	7
pigs purchased	7
respiratory diseases	7
animals may	7
treated animals	7
one outbreak	7
way anova	7
first clinical	7
lysis buffer	7
gene therapy	7
upper airway	7
iv strain	7
virus clearance	7
breeding sows	6
maternally derived	6
different routes	6
clinical studies	6
pigs throughout	6
community composition	6
one animal	6
cytopathic effect	6
western blot	6
oral examination	6
decreased susceptibility	6
blood count	6
presenting cells	6
intestinal wall	6
research facility	6
using different	6
bovine plasma	6
nasal cavities	6
phylogenetic diversity	6
opportunistic infections	6
feed conversion	6
chlamydia psittaci	6
repeated measures	6
pig inclusion	6
body weights	6
life cycle	6
specific immune	6
color score	6
well plates	6
beta diversity	6
intestinal specimens	6
two days	6
human primates	6
citrobacter rodentium	6
complete genome	6
swine breeding	6
also demonstrated	6
alkaline phosphatase	6
studies revealed	6
prrsv infected	6
rna extraction	6
goat anti	6
interalveolar septa	6
choriomeningitis virus	6
iv infection	6
following infection	6
mediated immune	6
pigs tested	6
dko pams	6
cell populations	6
local immune	6
columns represent	6
sense rna	6
systematic review	6
py script	6
also found	6
commercial swine	6
graphs show	6
weighted unifrac	6
term survival	6
gross pathology	6
first column	6
research institute	6
using crispr	6
veterinary institute	6
chinese prrsv	6
pig value	6
conventional pig	6
pcr amplification	6
influenza vaccine	6
acute porcine	6
ottingen minipigs	6
time rt	6
hair follicles	6
animal production	6
respiratory pathogens	6
differentially expressed	6
immunity cytokines	6
genomic copies	6
transgenic animals	6
cheek teeth	6
boost pigs	6
husbandry practices	6
also observed	6
prrsv vr	6
among groups	6
gas exchange	6
enhance antigen	6
human infectious	6
clinically normal	6
treatment plants	6
observed within	6
strain pc	6
bacterial diversity	6
genetic engineering	6
statistical significance	6
syndrome coronavirus	6
rabies virus	6
significant effect	6
meat color	6
statistical analyses	6
tumor necrosis	6
cytokine responses	6
cd expression	6
prolonged survival	6
recent advances	6
citrobacter spp	6
remaining columns	6
reference sequences	6
respiratory problems	6
may cause	6
macrophage numbers	6
prrsv load	6
least one	6
previously published	6
health problems	6
derived antibodies	6
actinobacillus suis	6
papn may	6
eurasian avian	6
ulcerative pododermatitis	6
kidney cell	6
iowa state	6
differences among	6
confinement buildings	6
may occur	6
field isolates	6
buying live	6
pathogen free	6
human influenza	6
trader characteristics	6
inflammatory cytokine	6
animal rule	6
us porcine	6
observation period	6
pg ml	6
en el	6
pigs lacking	6
pedv strain	6
porcine kidney	6
severe respiratory	6
fecal shedding	6
pairwise distances	6
pcr product	6
copy numbers	6
molecular characterization	6
litter size	6
ha gene	6
food safety	6
gi fl	6
throughput rtpcr	6
nucleic acids	6
porcine adrenal	6
studies using	6
may lead	6
complement inhibitors	6
autogenous vaccines	6
horizontal transmission	6
type ii	6
virus titers	6
dk variant	6
drinking water	6
bacterial pathogens	6
virus vaccines	6
nkp nk	6
animals infected	6
isolate vr	6
coinfected pigs	6
pig models	6
pigs carrying	6
pig breeding	6
pigs naturally	6
dna sequencing	6
swine confinement	6
antibody test	6
highly virulent	6
niv outbreaks	6
graphpad prism	6
del virus	6
coronavirus disease	6
strain rjxwn	6
histological examination	6
necrotizing bronchopneumonia	6
pcv infection	6
post infection	6
complement regulatory	6
wt pams	6
modified animals	6
ct value	6
taxonomic profile	6
swab samples	6
control pig	6
young pigs	6
significant elevations	6
increased significantly	6
pcr testing	6
cause severe	6
chirodiscoides caviae	6
several studies	6
via ingestion	6
different time	6
infectious virus	6
suckling pigs	6
korean bastvs	6
affected tissues	6
enfermaron tras	6
large numbers	6
watery diarrhea	6
human primate	6
mean count	6
macroscopic lung	6
severe diarrhea	6
respiratory system	6
wide range	6
ii cell	6
lung function	6
positive control	6
high degree	6
mesenteric lymph	6
upper airways	6
food producing	6
local tissues	6
health monitoring	6
vaccine candidates	6
pleuropneumoniae serovar	6
mediated gene	6
breeding farms	6
proteomic analysis	6
polyanhydride nps	6
cavian leukemia	6
edited animals	6
human patients	6
fl uid	6
column provides	6
like receptor	6
wild boar	6
considered statistically	5
young animals	5
editing technology	5
vaccine efficacy	5
two recent	5
na gene	5
subunit vaccine	5
clinical xenotransplantation	5
producing animals	5
vlps expressing	5
infraorbital nerve	5
via direct	5
influenza infection	5
tested positive	5
microscopic examination	5
open access	5
article distributed	5
authorized species	5
free guinea	5
lesions consistent	5
detection system	5
mass spectrometry	5
pcr positive	5
high titers	5
production traits	5
gross lung	5
reproductive disorders	5
induced higher	5
livestock species	5
genomic dna	5
distilled water	5
determine whether	5
body condition	5
pork producers	5
viral pathogens	5
type virus	5
major histocompatibility	5
commonly associated	5
organ failure	5
pigs produced	5
macrolides used	5
secondary antibody	5
target sites	5
primate xenotransplantation	5
porcine high	5
modified live	5
transmembrane envelope	5
acute inflammatory	5
lung lesion	5
kurloff cell	5
balf cells	5
pcv subtype	5
live porcine	5
slaughtered animals	5
nasal swab	5
results indicate	5
intestine tissues	5
serum dilution	5
per pen	5
study showed	5
higher prices	5
eradication programs	5
intestinal tract	5
persistent infection	5
us million	5
abundant taxa	5
target organ	5
mean survival	5
richness estimates	5
health risks	5
swine group	5
data collected	5
stem cell	5
binding protein	5
pcr products	5
thymic atrophy	5
campylobacter jejuni	5
dendritic cell	5
pathogenic prrsv	5
surface staining	5
approximately days	5
boost vaccination	5
rhesus macaques	5
abdominal cavity	5
shaded area	5
may help	5
gland tissue	5
pigs used	5
pcv replication	5
protein expression	5
remaining pigs	5
vertical transmission	5
caviae infestation	5
cell activation	5
traders reported	5
infected piglets	5
antibody testing	5
negative throughout	5
ocular discharge	5
cd srcr	5
du virus	5
pig farming	5
nlg site	5
vaccine groups	5
taxa identified	5
different iv	5
wide variety	5
substantial increase	5
virus induces	5
like receptors	5
mhc class	5
sarcoptic mange	5
cardiac xenotransplantation	5
recombinant proteins	5
pcr system	5
total wbc	5
infection may	5
fluorescent antibody	5
inoculated groups	5
density lipoprotein	5
growth rate	5
severe lesions	5
red blood	5
veterinary pathologist	5
become infected	5
ad libitum	5
human cytomegalovirus	5
pandemic strain	5
pedv igg	5
pigs without	5
ncbi genbank	5
fetal death	5
min followed	5
porcine lymphotropic	5
disease may	5
intestinal lesions	5
cell proliferation	5
low morbidity	5
significantly associated	5
course dose	5
without clinical	5
tested negative	5
histologic lesions	5
controls compared	5
sequencing depth	5
pathologic changes	5
pathological examination	5
statistical software	5
intestinal mucosa	5
laboratory colonies	5
mini kit	5
virus strains	5
holiday periods	5
washed twice	5
will increase	5
close proximity	5
cell transplantation	5
ae se	5
effective treatment	5
antiviral drugs	5
initial infection	5
pigs will	5
rectal swabs	5
pcr assays	5
pig workers	5
cd gene	5
japanese encephalitis	5
possibly due	5
human genes	5
physical examination	5
macrophage activation	5
treg frequencies	5
vt kg	5
norwegian fattening	5
class ii	5
ascorbic acid	5
pedv inoculation	5
sentinel pigs	5
feed intake	5
manifestations clinical	5
fattening pig	5
respiratory dc	5
porcine endothelial	5
laboratory rodents	5
large intestine	5
analysed using	5
ct values	5
decision makers	5
per year	5
auckland island	5
duchenne muscular	5
inoculated group	5
human vaccine	5
higher amounts	5
two species	5
genome sequence	5
vaccine induced	5
disease severity	5
may play	5
gray shaded	5
commons attribution	5
farm environment	5
effective vaccines	5
vaccine adjuvants	5
distinct clustering	5
cd low	5
viral antigen	5
present studies	5
gi tract	5
pulmonary dysfunction	5
production performance	5
first study	5
access article	5
donor pigs	5
numerous studies	5
farms sampled	5
two major	5
experimental reproduction	5
exfoliative dermatitis	5
one herd	5
significant economic	5
higher prevalence	5
pcr master	5
nine pigs	5
institutional animal	5
well documented	5
isofl urane	5
pedv antigen	5
serum virus	5
viral strain	5
creative commons	5
prices paid	5
clinical animal	5
reduced appetite	5
live pig	5
growth factor	5
leptospira interrogans	5
reading frame	5
often noted	5
per kilogram	5
air sampling	5
respiratory syncytial	5
caviae infection	5
found dead	5
four pigs	5
dpi compared	5
human infections	5
corynebacterium spp	5
cell death	5
regulated proteins	5
reduced growth	5
fully resistant	5
acute outbreaks	5
bovine parainfluenza	5
also possible	5
liver weight	5
environmental bacteria	5
hyperacute rejection	5
humoral xenograft	5
case fatality	5
galactosyltransferase knockout	5
cavian parainfluenza	5
two weeks	5
operating region	5
sample clustering	5
remained healthy	5
cftr gene	5
phase i	5
island pigs	5
also tested	5
pedv iga	5
phase response	5
even though	5
approximately weeks	5
antigenic diversity	5
dmd gene	5
pig farm	5
tgev infection	5
virus transmission	5
acute infection	5
significant increases	5
clinically healthy	5
currently available	5
six pigs	5
technical assistance	5
norwegian veterinary	5
infect dis	5
genital infection	5
zoonotic disease	5
pork consumption	5
current status	5
dna virus	5
intranasal inoculation	5
porcine aortic	5
viral disease	5
recent studies	5
microbial diversity	5
environmental factors	5
stressed pigs	5
veterinary antimicrobial	5
zoonotic transmission	5
hepatocyte proliferation	5
desirable traits	5
swine herd	5
ambient temperature	5
lung surface	5
specific igg	5
daily gain	5
vectored vaccine	5
facultative anaerobic	5
deprived pigs	5
farms throughout	5
microbial communities	5
genome editors	5
international committee	5
per herd	5
antigenic site	5
experimental pigs	4
high price	4
four weeks	4
southeast asia	4
systemic immune	4
lacking cd	4
approximately min	4
id sampled	4
heterologous virus	4
using pig	4
entamoeba caviae	4
graphpad software	4
respective phases	4
related species	4
groups infected	4
par voie	4
pigs displaying	4
commercial elisa	4
target species	4
viral antigens	4
swine infected	4
pathogen transmission	4
pork customers	4
farrowing unit	4
coordinate axes	4
source herd	4
blocked using	4
pathogenic strain	4
cd high	4
nucleotide sequence	4
diversity analyses	4
mucosal hyperplasia	4
time intervals	4
variation observed	4
results show	4
virus emerging	4
financial support	4
sanger sequencing	4
cells derived	4
breeding programs	4
elisa positive	4
week made	4
fi ndings	4
livestock production	4
virus followed	4
three control	4
etiologic agent	4
environmentally resistant	4
intracellular staining	4
microbiological safety	4
positive piglets	4
low total	4
median number	4
thank dr	4
viral shedding	4
remained negative	4
serosal surfaces	4
prrsv replication	4
encephalitis virus	4
small interfering	4
peripheral immune	4
double transgenic	4
seroprevalence levels	4
marketing authorization	4
ns gene	4
pcr reaction	4
pig disease	4
several weeks	4
diarrheic pigs	4
virulent porcine	4
pigs associated	4
bacteriologic isolation	4
plasma cells	4
exact test	4
bronchoalveolar fluids	4
human nasal	4
primary cloning	4
assessed using	4
high proportion	4
study identified	4
high titer	4
iga levels	4
generally considered	4
low viable	4
infect guinea	4
lymphocytic infiltrates	4
derived dendritic	4
mesenchymal stem	4
ml day	4
sampled pigs	4
challenge experiments	4
circulating csf	4
mycoplasma spp	4
bacterial infection	4
kurloff cells	4
triplicate wells	4
intracellular cytokine	4
type dm	4
relatively common	4
lesions may	4
atrophic enteritis	4
functional human	4
serological evidence	4
vivo replication	4
following experimental	4
mock group	4
serum levels	4
among others	4
normal range	4
viral vectors	4
well plate	4
host defence	4
les porcs	4
prrsv resistance	4
pigs increased	4
virus titres	4
complement activation	4
primary pig	4
experimental design	4
serum compared	4
high prevalence	4
software used	4
early induction	4
three pigs	4
intranasal intratracheal	4
food animals	4
bacterial isolation	4
term abortions	4
wild rodents	4
intestinal epithelial	4
papillary adenoma	4
animal studies	4
lung viral	4
younger pigs	4
genetic modifications	4
pcv coinfection	4
mutation rate	4
hemagglutination inhibition	4
virulent strains	4
year period	4
healthy guinea	4
van andel	4
large quantities	4
metabolic body	4
clostridium spp	4
antibiotic resistance	4
porcine coronaviruses	4
veterinary diagnostic	4
total born	4
causes severe	4
much higher	4
biosecurity measures	4
blood clot	4
best achieved	4
niv vaccines	4
stranded dna	4
rough hair	4
viral diseases	4
porcine coronavirus	4
type infection	4
pig colony	4
flow cytometer	4
highly efficient	4
immune function	4
human tissues	4
experimental groups	4
cd foxp	4
animal course	4
least weeks	4
within days	4
biological functions	4
test results	4
animal colonies	4
inoculated pig	4
nested pcr	4
wt control	4
nasal passages	4
major differences	4
infected animal	4
primary antibody	4
cerdos infectados	4
acute lesions	4
highly sensitive	4
food containers	4
physicochemical properties	4
normal guinea	4
therapy prevention	4
often associated	4
subunit vaccines	4
companion animals	4
culture infectious	4
farmer nasopharynx	4
newmarket scientific	4
sas institute	4
thoracic fluid	4
targeted pigs	4
prevent transmission	4
infected cells	4
deps identified	4
open reading	4
por via	4
biomass repartition	4
inflammatory responses	4
chicken eggs	4
cytokine chemokine	4
genetic resistance	4
observed clinical	4
median value	4
elevated serum	4
old dko	4
section affected	4
rich domain	4
final injection	4
injectable products	4
sterile pbs	4
many parts	4
specific nucleases	4
cycle threshold	4
bacteroidia represented	4
positive cocci	4
detectable viral	4
active ingredients	4
severe economic	4
negative organisms	4
liposome nps	4
histopathological lesions	4
strain chn	4
pig serum	4
cap protein	4
sequence identity	4
agricultural environment	4
pigs immunized	4
pig genome	4
respiratory infection	4
alveolar exudates	4
nasal mucosa	4
cause disease	4
native csf	4
weanling pigs	4
therapeutic intensity	4
hygiene hypothesis	4
cd int	4
first time	4
blastn search	4
concurrent infection	4
stained cells	4
six wt	4
previous research	4
mucosal vaccine	4
pedv shedding	4
also available	4
infection results	4
spontaneous breathing	4
study aimed	4
human medicine	4
significantly decreased	4
igg antibody	4
genome may	4
also showed	4
veterinary practitioner	4
regulated deps	4
farmers compared	4
sow herd	4
infect humans	4
animals died	4
jmp pro	4
pcr results	4
slaughtered pigs	4
used extensively	4
sample collection	4
pigs via	4
virus hemoaglutinante	4
given day	4
influenza research	4
principal inoculated	4
pharmaceutical immunosuppression	4
axes capturing	4
immune systems	4
irregular returns	4
primers used	4
resistant pigs	4
short course	4
virus protection	4
transgenic swine	4
receptor binding	4
induced immunosuppression	4
organ rejection	4
one cluster	4
exhibit decreased	4
sci doi	4
prrsv elisa	4
show means	4
first reported	4
million pigs	4
many cases	4
liver injury	4
high level	4
table common	4
care must	4
confers resistance	4
antibodies directed	4
intestinal segments	4
nutritional support	4
respiporc flu	4
surface markers	4
blood collection	4
veterinary vaccines	4
study also	4
clearance functions	4
pcr assay	4
weeks later	4
ugx kg	4
phylogenetic tree	4
reproductive failures	4
chronic infection	4
listeria monocytogenes	4
authorization holders	4
salivary gland	4
commercial spray	4
north carolina	4
swine production	4
pigs vaccinated	4
oral application	4
disease models	4
human organs	4
contact groups	4
pigs caused	4
genetic changes	4
negative animals	4
disease processes	4
genetically different	4
animal plasma	4
food intake	4
testing positive	4
seroneutralizing antibodies	4
whole cell	4
species including	4
test kit	4
genetic disease	4
genetic selection	4
resistant animals	4
transgenic porcine	4
competition elisa	4
incidence proportion	4
cell depletion	4
health effects	4
samples vs	4
active ingredient	4
cytokine expression	4
antigen presenting	4
pigs fed	4
transplacental transmission	4
zoonotic risk	4
european swine	4
niv outbreak	4
virus spread	4
pathological findings	4
orally administered	4
functional receptor	4
bordetella spp	4
viral respiratory	4
neutralization assay	4
serum ifna	4
species barrier	4
los cerdos	4
infect pigs	4
experimental models	4
th cells	4
function tests	4
pdm subtypes	4
dual infection	4
naturally acquired	4
prrsv nucleocapsid	4
lesion scores	4
systemic infection	4
activation syndrome	4
significantly reduced	4
showing clinical	4
subclinical infections	4
corona virus	4
metastrongylus lungworms	4
virus date	4
elisa kit	4
virus stock	4
trichinella spp	4
cd protein	4
lelystad virus	4
heart disease	4
human recipients	4
particle size	4
disease caused	4
cdna synthesis	4
host cell	4
treatment status	4
diagnostic testing	4
virus neutralization	4
macroscopic lesions	4
derived fibroblasts	4
lung sections	4
lung section	4
cell mass	4
tritrichomonas caviae	4
moderate lesions	4
dual infections	4
primarily gram	4
daily weight	4
veterinary antimicrobials	4
culture media	4
purchased live	4
high seroprevalence	4
contact swine	4
adenomatous polyposis	4
ha sequence	4
cell counts	4
highly productive	4
vaccine banks	4
multifactorial disease	4
health information	4
one case	4
also provide	4
phosphate buffered	4
cecal contents	4
deficient pigs	4
tras un	4
per total	4
higher virus	4
pregnant sows	4
human ace	4
product level	4
primordial germ	4
emerg infect	4
fusion protein	4
nasopharyngeal microbiota	4
calves aged	4
skin scrapings	4
biomass distribution	4
cytokine release	4
i ifn	4
prrsv vlps	4
wild suids	4
bronchiseptica pneumonia	4
next generation	4
times higher	4
cytokine response	4
upstream regulators	4
sampling times	4
world organization	4
surgxfwlrq ri	4
porcine model	4
may affect	4
cytopathic effects	4
nucleotide sequences	4
also induced	4
pig studies	4
primary cause	4
isotype control	4
trader operates	4
two principal	4
intestinal villi	4
bovine serum	4
defi nitive	4
vaccine antigens	4
editing reagents	4
one day	4
swiav infection	4
acute humoral	4
competing interests	4
pigs generated	4
circovirus associated	4
therapeutic proteins	4
infection include	4
also used	4
confidence level	4
animals showed	4
fi rst	4
eastern region	4
ppv infection	4
provide new	4
low price	4
source locations	4
dried porcine	4
ribosomal dna	4
indirect contact	4
nucleotide identity	4
relatively low	4
intensive farming	4
high mutation	4
nasopharynx sampling	4
early time	4
ppv antibodies	4
kg csf	4
species level	4
total volume	4
fecal material	4
joint swelling	4
considered negative	4
pairwise testing	4
personal protective	4
cause diarrhea	4
virus isolate	4
genes involved	4
bama miniature	4
per treatment	4
severe clinical	4
nucleocapsid protein	4
mucosal immune	4
common cause	4
acute cases	4
obligate intracellular	4
ha protein	4
total biomass	4
plga nanoparticles	4
national animal	4
bacillus piliformis	4
human cases	4
two reports	4
treatment includes	4
airborne transmission	4
asfv infection	4
serologic testing	4
prototype strain	4
real time	4
potential role	4
widely used	4
shock proteins	4
virus neuraminidase	4
infected groups	4
animal science	4
humoral immunity	4
dried animal	4
experimentally inoculated	4
highest levels	4
epizootic outbreaks	4
data presented	4
indicate significant	4
microbial composition	4
receptor cysteine	4
reproductive tract	4
mg per	4
finish phase	4
cytokines chemokines	4
including guinea	4
testing using	4
type species	4
gross necropsy	4
coat quality	4
male guinea	4
longitudinal study	4
nasal turbinates	4
py qiime	4
generation sequencing	4
uninfected pigs	4
tbln homogenates	4
multiple comparisons	4
organ transplantation	4
nucleic acid	4
ms ms	4
papn protein	4
free water	4
definitive diagnosis	4
virus particles	4
containing fbs	4
whole blood	4
routine diagnostics	4
circulating strains	4
assessment studies	4
cytokines locally	4
yucatan miniature	4
cloning efficiency	4
pcr test	4
well known	4
low mortality	4
mortem examination	4
veal calves	4
coordinate analysis	4
samples tested	4
tissues collected	4
kdyh ehhq	4
function testing	4
individual pig	4
hong kong	4
dried plasma	4
diagnostic laboratory	4
middle ear	4
confirm presence	4
respiratory dysfunction	4
farm animals	4
lung lobes	4
resistant bacteria	4
nuclear factor	4
potential therapies	4
proteins involved	4
group significance	4
media containing	4
taken together	4
slaughter weight	4
harvest season	4
pcr detection	4
increased expression	4
nursery sites	4
paired serum	4
tract infections	4
two main	4
urinary calculi	4
infectious dose	4
commonly reported	4
typical lesions	4
measured associated	4
permeabilization buffer	4
swine health	4
novel coronavirus	4
studies showed	4
brucella spp	4
intestine tissue	4
biological characteristics	4
products authorized	4
el virus	4
stomach lumen	4
oral mucosa	4
pathogenesis guinea	4
avirulent live	4
swiav infections	4
critical role	4
respiratory virus	4
parametric mann	4
serum collected	4
prepatent period	4
like virus	4
sevofl urane	4
epidemic diarrhoea	4
new coronavirus	4
ja strain	4
un tiempo	4
oral intranasal	4
spleen weight	4
data analysis	4
pigs postweaning	4
zoonotic pathogen	4
including humans	4
bp deletion	4
concurrent pcv	4
highest sequence	4
defi ciency	4
different innate	4
coronavirus infection	4
different types	4
four different	4
delivery platforms	4
herd owners	4
van reeth	4
clinical development	4
gene knockout	4
may contain	4
protect pigs	4
infection model	4
chinese hp	4
poor coat	4
wild guinea	4
rna viruses	4
pig cd	4
first described	4
th century	4
different type	4
kramer adjustment	4
exposed workers	4
mild lesions	4
insulin secretion	4
clinical cases	4
three different	4
pigs received	4
target site	4
adrenal tissue	4
vaccine controls	4
many countries	4
immunosuppressive protocols	4
increased susceptibility	4
dqg wkh	4
measured using	4
orf ab	4
bioaerosols released	3
nursery unit	3
culture supernatants	3
compartment morbidity	3
disease seen	3
virus isolated	3
inflammatory infiltrate	3
consensus sequences	3
hair shafts	3
wild boars	3
aradicular hypsodont	3
monocyte production	3
supplementary materials	3
sialic acid	3
significant correlation	3
colorectal cancer	3
various diseases	3
federal office	3
parent strain	3
seal group	3
factor receptor	3
greater igg	3
also occurs	3
coinfection status	3
positive animal	3
also performed	3
macconkey agar	3
different days	3
relative humidity	3
vitro study	3
amplification cycles	3
reverse zoonotic	3
genomic characterization	3
animal disease	3
respiratory rates	3
mediated apoptosis	3
cell screening	3
different subsets	3
cortisol levels	3
paid per	3
global pandemic	3
sustained antigen	3
also occur	3
structural basis	3
microbial content	3
genetic characterization	3
nlg sites	3
different porcine	3
traders purchased	3
also called	3
vascular malformation	3
high prices	3
frequency range	3
species repartition	3
coronary heart	3
among pig	3
analysis software	3
dv wkh	3
inoculated animals	3
frequencies hz	3
concurrent prrsv	3
studies conducted	3
authors read	3
chicken embryo	3
dried bovine	3
will often	3
data indicate	3
nodules may	3
pdm virus	3
xenogeneic hyperacute	3
american countries	3
intranuclear inclusion	3
comprehensive review	3
small animals	3
adenoviral vector	3
eighth report	3
extensive proliferation	3
tous les	3
main aim	3
clinically inspected	3
middle east	3
revealed acute	3
outcome variables	3
wkh nh	3
imaging techniques	3
positive controls	3
mucous membranes	3
mv kg	3
gate prices	3
occupational health	3
cryptosporidium wrairi	3
zinc resistance	3
died within	3
pdcov strain	3
organisms may	3
clinical illness	3
veterinary pathologists	3
remains unclear	3
cell epitope	3
salivary glands	3
greiner bio	3
became ill	3
cells expressing	3
principal infected	3
typical clinical	3
iga antibodies	3
pigs seem	3
fc conjugate	3
host cells	3
states swine	3
adverse reactions	3
gastric lumen	3
linear model	3
homologous virus	3
swine workers	3
minimizing stress	3
cerebrospinal fluid	3
vaccination regimens	3
disease prevention	3
induced pneumonia	3
animals remained	3
natural reservoir	3
clinical practice	3
respiratory viral	3
caudal lobes	3
identified four	3
gastrointestinal tract	3
farm level	3
bacterial species	3
may appear	3
used following	3
model organisms	3
transmission occurs	3
pregnancy toxemia	3
sampling period	3
life cycles	3
still susceptible	3
specific neutralizing	3
sweat glands	3
sample handling	3
chao richness	3
virus load	3
reported treatment	3
antigen release	3
functional residual	3
science associations	3
first serum	3
previously exposed	3
per sample	3
ingelvac prrs	3
increased respiratory	3
first discovered	3
major economic	3
gene sequences	3
several porcine	3
first sampling	3
severe infections	3
live attenuated	3
nasal microbiota	3
antigen retrieval	3
standard weights	3
another approach	3
represents median	3
small sections	3
initially thought	3
adult pigs	3
editor reagents	3
community structure	3
emerging disease	3
acute viral	3
different prrsv	3
first report	3
information system	3
affected piglets	3
pig virus	3
value chain	3
cpg oligodeoxynucleotide	3
ri sljv	3
high fevers	3
ml per	3
results suggest	3
giemsa stain	3
glycolic acid	3
wa isolate	3
mean rectal	3
caviid herpes	3
pigs revealed	3
previous findings	3
normally distributed	3
may die	3
new insights	3
transcription factor	3
breeding herds	3
genomic material	3
human thrombomodulin	3
least three	3
circulating swine	3
ml syringe	3
acids present	3
completely resistant	3
long time	3
contact animals	3
antigenic drift	3
bladder wall	3
antibody titer	3
treatment options	3
human nk	3
per milliliter	3
groups coi	3
future studies	3
mean pcv	3
antibiotic therapy	3
old piglets	3
hk cow	3
donor animals	3
chimpanzee adenovirus	3
mouse anti	3
wambizzi cooperative	3
soluble form	3
multiple gene	3
expression profiles	3
based nps	3
yucatan minipigs	3
intramuscularly inoculated	3
pigs swine	3
genetic modification	3
samples showed	3
less frequently	3
may reveal	3
production type	3
higher level	3
taxonomic groups	3
major pig	3
antigen delivery	3
damage caused	3
nasal secretions	3
brachyspira hyodysenteriae	3
contaminated food	3
signs developed	3
ill thrift	3
pig feed	3
respiratory infections	3
business operation	3
higher frequency	3
computed tomography	3
mediated immunity	3
individual mouse	3
swine origin	3
pigs exhibit	3
nps enhance	3
associated colitis	3
delayed clearance	3
previous results	3
fecal smears	3
disease progression	3
cells used	3
cohort study	3
severe morbidity	3
pigs killed	3
quantitative pcr	3
product authorized	3
test gases	3
might give	3
endogenous peroxidase	3
transplant recipient	3
chitosan nanoparticles	3
immunosuppressive treatments	3
adult guinea	3
fecal sample	3
bottom plates	3
pcv viremia	3
risk factor	3
respiratory illness	3
maximum survival	3
erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae	3
prevention strategies	3
via contact	3
protein source	3
may include	3
five control	3
specific ifn	3
mononuclear cell	3
copy number	3
per minute	3
two control	3
linked glycosylation	3
data suggesting	3
various immunosuppressive	3
pathologist blinded	3
viruses circulating	3
significantly induced	3
int mhc	3
different variants	3
cytokines il	3
adult cattle	3
infl ammation	3
control programs	3
recorded daily	3
recent reports	3
viable pigs	3
significant impact	3
stress factors	3
important swine	3
pig diet	3
electronic supplementary	3
us pork	3
fungal infections	3
diagnostic laboratories	3
klossiella cobayae	3
todos los	3
severe atrophic	3
solid organs	3
pigs results	3
low levels	3
enteric infections	3
nine resistant	3
necrotizing enteritis	3
may hinder	3
captive bolt	3
cell morphology	3
mononuclear phagocyte	3
labored breathing	3
also contains	3
averaged per	3
another option	3
surface affected	3
species transmission	3
perfringens type	3
vaccine also	3
pharmaceutical proteins	3
acid deletion	3
early infection	3
galactosyltransferase gene	3
large amount	3
united kingdom	3
sequences using	3
one another	3
without antibiotics	3
article includes	3
face mask	3
emerging strains	3
cell colonies	3
bovine astrovirus	3
human viral	3
control environment	3
negative correlation	3
using qiime	3
mean weight	3
clinical outbreaks	3
xenotransplantation xenotransplantation	3
oral rehydration	3
isolate nc	3
porcine enteric	3
day old	3
hemolytic streptococcus	3
potential animal	3
feedback loop	3
acute pedv	3
genome sequencing	3
farrowing crates	3
physiological incompatibility	3
px vector	3
normal distribution	3
bold type	3
two veterinary	3
kupffer cells	3
preferred buying	3
virus derived	3
antibody detection	3
analysis thereof	3
pigs around	3
usda aphis	3
also important	3
res doi	3
viruses may	3
risk ratio	3
neuros strain	3
rna shedding	3
us swine	3
two strains	3
antigenic variants	3
male farmers	3
project license	3
first pregnancy	3
human lysozyme	3
blood sampling	3
control groups	3
dental malocclusion	3
adverse effects	3
familial adenomatous	3
severe interstitial	3
giardia duodenalis	3
multivariate analysis	3
particle vaccine	3
cell membrane	3
group pigs	3
trinidadian domestic	3
gating strategy	3
cattle brain	3
human consumption	3
prevalence rates	3
response may	3
ha region	3
pathogen exposure	3
developmental stages	3
killer cell	3
defence system	3
pulmonary alveolar	3
donor pig	3
may develop	3
permanova test	3
rural affairs	3
findings highlight	3
breeding age	3
edema disease	3
encephalomyocarditis virus	3
gnotobiotic pig	3
another possible	3
pairwise comparison	3
well recognized	3
st cells	3
ingenuity pathway	3
fluorescence microscope	3
transmitted via	3
swabs blood	3
swine study	3
virus belonging	3
total liver	3
oie world	3
simian virus	3
study sars	3
vet res	3
equine group	3
veterinary microbiology	3
pig development	3
commonly isolated	3
cryptosporidium organisms	3
report describes	3
animal demographics	3
randomly selected	3
intravenous inoculation	3
may predispose	3
papn functions	3
forward primer	3
immunized pigs	3
nervous disorders	3
respiratory viruses	3
management practices	3
different levels	3
affected area	3
superficial inguinal	3
conjugated goat	3
research council	3
mixing vessel	3
infection causes	3
raccoon feces	3
belgian swine	3
diseased pigs	3
method used	3
residual capacity	3
using trizol	3
detect antibodies	3
similar results	3
ohio state	3
vesicular stomatitis	3