bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
respiratory tract	4477
acute respiratory	3772
respiratory syncytial	3404
syncytial virus	3272
respiratory syndrome	2761
respiratory viruses	2624
lower respiratory	1915
respiratory infections	1642
severe acute	1568
tract infections	1341
viral infections	1290
virus infection	1220
human metapneumovirus	1157
respiratory virus	1073
syndrome coronavirus	1031
upper respiratory	1023
middle east	972
influenza virus	945
respiratory viral	940
east respiratory	932
tract infection	882
respiratory distress	879
intensive care	862
respiratory disease	846
respiratory infection	840
respiratory illness	834
respiratory failure	792
rsv infection	789
young children	783
viral infection	781
mechanical ventilation	765
human bocavirus	719
epithelial cells	709
disease severity	654
immune response	648
distress syndrome	643
respiratory pathogens	632
virus infections	618
viral respiratory	613
risk factors	595
respiratory symptoms	594
parainfluenza virus	533
transplant recipients	519
acquired pneumonia	517
viral load	493
united states	487
mg kg	482
polymerase chain	480
chain reaction	476
porcine reproductive	467
systematic review	449
human coronavirus	439
immune responses	437
care unit	432
doc id	427
cord uid	427
syndrome virus	426
lung injury	425
novel coronavirus	425
influenza viruses	423
health care	401
infectious diseases	389
human respiratory	388
severe respiratory	387
common cold	381
pulmonary disease	379
among children	374
lung disease	371
time pcr	366
critically ill	362
en el	362
hospitalized children	359
nucleic acid	357
public health	349
lung function	349
sars coronavirus	346
human rhinovirus	344
saudi arabia	338
severe disease	334
tract disease	330
may also	330
immune system	329
infection control	320
hong kong	315
chronic obstructive	304
pacientes con	301
asthma exacerbations	299
coronavirus infection	294
immunocompromised patients	293
stem cell	290
type i	287
obstructive pulmonary	285
respiratory diseases	284
years old	278
clinical characteristics	270
multiplex pcr	268
acute lower	267
controlled trial	266
cov infection	265
prospective study	264
acute lung	262
streptococcus pneumoniae	261
rhinovirus infection	260
clinical features	259
pediatric patients	258
otitis media	258
infected patients	254
world health	253
innate immune	249
cohort study	246
cell transplant	244
children hospitalized	244
increased risk	243
clinical trials	242
children aged	242
viral replication	241
influenza infection	240
en pacientes	238
hospitalized patients	237
respiratory system	236
health organization	231
clinical signs	230
least one	229
reverse transcription	227
control group	227
viral etiology	226
lung transplant	226
clinical symptoms	226
ill patients	225
parainfluenza viruses	225
viral rna	225
virus detection	224
statistically significant	223
rsv infections	222
se recomienda	222
emergency department	220
age groups	219
present study	218
dendritic cells	218
sore throat	216
human coronaviruses	216
gene expression	215
cystic fibrosis	213
common respiratory	213
bacterial infections	212
coronavirus disease	212
los pacientes	212
age group	209
septic shock	205
neutralizing antibodies	204
risk factor	203
adult patients	203
influenza vaccine	201
high risk	201
pcr assays	199
intravenous drip	199
rsv bronchiolitis	199
respiratory illnesses	198
respiratory rate	196
viral pathogens	196
mortality rate	194
detection rate	194
severe pneumonia	190
bacterial pneumonia	190
cell culture	189
con covid	188
pcr assay	188
clinical trial	187
bone marrow	186
infections among	185
bronchoalveolar lavage	185
infl uenza	184
sars patients	183
like illness	183
study period	183
respiratory samples	183
metapneumovirus infection	177
secondary bacterial	175
virus type	175
infectious disease	175
inflammatory response	174
mycoplasma pneumoniae	174
hematopoietic stem	172
acute bronchiolitis	171
older adults	170
severe cases	170
cell transplantation	170
animal models	170
two groups	168
significantly higher	168
clinical presentation	166
rhinovirus infections	165
significant differences	165
pandemic influenza	165
pulmonary function	165
alveolar macrophages	165
spike protein	164
infected cells	164
bacterial infection	161
rna viruses	161
viral pneumonia	161
respiratory secretions	161
significant difference	160
first year	159
nervous system	159
patients admitted	158
clinical manifestations	158
nitric oxide	157
severe bronchiolitis	156
care workers	155
airway epithelial	153
tract illness	153
pulmonary fibrosis	153
heart disease	152
frequently detected	152
bacterial pathogens	152
disease control	152
staphylococcus aureus	152
developing countries	151
respiratory pathogen	151
tidal volume	151
clinical course	150
lymph nodes	149
healthcare workers	149
mean age	149
critical care	149
oxygen saturation	148
chronic lung	146
severe rsv	146
monoclonal antibody	146
coronavirus infections	145
clinical practice	144
one study	144
previous studies	144
informed consent	143
respiratory specimens	142
virus bronchiolitis	142
human parainfluenza	142
important role	141
hospital admission	140
airway pressure	140
en los	140
performed using	138
rsv disease	138
lung tissue	137
dromedary camels	137
infection may	137
central nervous	136
median age	136
mechanically ventilated	136
interstitial pneumonia	135
randomized controlled	135
influenza vaccination	134
viral detection	134
clinical outcomes	134
hematopoietic cell	134
seasonal influenza	134
acute viral	133
gas exchange	133
nasopharyngeal swabs	133
heart failure	133
viral loads	133
case definition	133
common cause	133
airway obstruction	132
children younger	132
incubation period	132
neutralizing antibody	132
inflammatory cytokines	131
viral shedding	131
healthy children	131
monoclonal antibodies	130
avian influenza	130
may occur	129
causative agent	129
host cell	129
antimicrobial drugs	128
patients infected	128
recurrent wheezing	127
pao fio	127
type ii	127
adaptive immune	126
aged years	126
nasopharyngeal aspirates	126
virus disease	125
pulmonary edema	125
retrospective study	125
bovine respiratory	124
infection among	124
within days	124
may lead	124
aspiration pneumonia	124
among patients	123
antibody response	123
care units	123
tested positive	123
positive samples	123
peripheral blood	122
congenital heart	122
lower airway	122
pulmonary hypertension	122
antibiotic therapy	121
several studies	121
el uso	121
air pollution	120
airway inflammation	120
hajj pilgrims	120
disease burden	120
cell responses	120
bronchiolitis obliterans	120
associated pneumonia	120
hospital stay	120
organ failure	119
respiratory support	119
may cause	118
diagnostic tests	118
pregnant women	117
chest wall	117
recent study	117
amino acid	116
human adenovirus	116
filmarray rp	115
high prevalence	115
human rhinoviruses	115
may result	115
rv infection	115
cardiac output	115
study group	114
logistic regression	114
nasal cavity	114
multiplex real	114
side effects	114
electron microscopy	114
acute otitis	113
haemophilus influenzae	113
lung cancer	113
del paciente	113
hbov infection	112
infectious agents	112
bocavirus infection	112
structural proteins	112
mortality rates	111
respiratory panel	111
upper airway	111
antibiotic use	111
control measures	111
phylogenetic analysis	111
recent studies	111
blood pressure	111
antiviral therapy	110
south korea	110
antibody responses	110
virus replication	109
blood flow	109
leading cause	108
innate immunity	108
otherwise healthy	108
viral bronchiolitis	108
close contact	107
cell lines	107
alveolar damage	107
renal failure	106
tract samples	106
associated coronavirus	106
hmpv infection	106
asthma exacerbation	106
clinical impact	105
clinical disease	105
sample size	105
viral culture	105
pulmonary artery	105
nucleic acids	105
live attenuated	105
among hospitalized	104
adverse events	104
severity score	104
clinical samples	104
viruses detected	104
statistical analysis	104
detection rates	104
another study	104
clinical specimens	104
significantly lower	104
viral co	103
hospitalized infants	103
epithelial cell	102
marrow transplant	102
immune cells	101
nasopharyngeal swab	101
severe lower	101
newly discovered	100
patients hospitalized	100
diffuse alveolar	100
para el	100
healthy adults	100
symptom onset	100
previously healthy	100
infections may	99
early childhood	99
pediatric intensive	99
molecular epidemiology	99
time rt	98
wide range	98
arterial blood	98
per year	98
adenovirus infection	98
high levels	97
mers coronavirus	97
clinical diagnosis	97
nucleocapsid protein	97
hsct recipients	97
preterm infants	97
control study	96
lung diseases	96
combination therapy	96
lower airways	96
el paciente	96
data suggest	95
case report	95
children admitted	95
observational study	95
adverse effects	95
airway disease	95
mouse model	95
por covid	94
aerosolized ribavirin	94
coronavirus nl	94
induced asthma	94
early life	94
acquired respiratory	94
nasal swabs	94
human beings	94
adhesion molecule	94
th responses	94
heart rate	94
chronic respiratory	94
viral agents	94
highly pathogenic	93
hand hygiene	93
coronavirus oc	93
oxygen therapy	93
acute asthma	93
acid amplification	93
coronavirus hku	92
two patients	92
blood samples	92
con el	92
endothelial cells	92
year old	92
clinical outcome	92
clinical data	92
even though	92
adult respiratory	92
requiring hospitalization	92
ml kg	92
host immune	92
childhood asthma	92
vaccine development	91
chest radiograph	91
inflammatory responses	91
molecular methods	91
severe illness	91
older children	91
antimicrobial drug	91
direct contact	91
infected children	90
one patient	90
blood gas	90
essential oils	90
nasal secretions	90
children human	89
may contribute	89
bronchial epithelial	89
nasopharyngeal aspirate	89
higher risk	89
converting enzyme	88
high frequency	88
icu admission	88
acute wheezing	88
infections caused	87
chronic bronchitis	87
among infants	87
solid organ	87
time polymerase	87
bronchopulmonary dysplasia	87
positive patients	87
recent years	87
antigen detection	87
causative microorganisms	86
may play	86
icu patients	86
authors declare	86
primary infection	86
samples collected	86
like receptor	86
five years	86
protective equipment	86
respiratory epithelium	85
respiratory muscle	85
antibiotic treatment	85
study design	85
ventilatory support	85
age years	85
human transmission	84
nasal swab	84
multiple organ	84
pleural effusion	84
closely related	84
cell cultures	84
fi rst	84
within hours	84
children years	83
group i	83
coronavirus associated	83
host response	83
natural killer	83
acute phase	83
respiratory drive	83
necrosis factor	83
rna polymerase	82
ards patients	82
underlying disease	82
infl ammatory	82
ventilated patients	82
also found	82
adenovirus type	82
asthmatic children	82
young adults	82
airborne transmission	82
high viral	82
mononuclear cells	81
clinical presentations	81
respiratory epithelial	81
hypertonic saline	81
infections due	81
time reverse	81
controlled trials	81
case series	81
factors associated	81
tract symptoms	81
study population	80
immunocompromised hosts	80
patients may	80
randomized clinical	80
respiratory mechanics	80
spinal cord	80
clinical significance	80
cotton rats	80
clinical studies	80
exact test	80
global burden	80
reactive protein	79
supportive care	79
supplemental oxygen	79
important cause	79
membrane oxygenation	79
virus isolation	79
rapid detection	79
confidence interval	79
apache ii	79
experimental rhinovirus	79
nasal congestion	79
children less	79
premature infants	78
vivi disease	78
hct recipients	78
respiratory complications	78
acute exacerbations	78
general population	78
resistant bacteria	78
rsv vaccine	78
copd patients	78
novel human	78
extracorporeal membrane	77
hospital admissions	77
university hospital	77
ethics committee	77
rapid diagnosis	77
rna virus	77
care facilities	77
virus detected	77
prrsv infection	77
influenza vaccines	77
identifi ed	77
previously described	76
acute infection	76
complete genome	76
antiviral agents	76
simultaneous detection	76
viral clearance	76
rights reserved	76
con sospecha	76
commercially available	76
stranded rna	76
viral pathogen	76
year period	76
adenovirus infections	76
major cause	76
protective immunity	75
birth cohort	75
viral coinfection	75
prospective cohort	75
throat swabs	75
fatal cases	75
reverse transcriptase	75
asymptomatic children	75
without respiratory	75
growth factor	74
military recruits	74
host cells	74
nasal cannula	74
patients without	74
environmental factors	74
new respiratory	74
serum antibody	74
airway hyperresponsiveness	74
positive results	73
influenza season	73
lung transplantation	73
community acquired	73
confirmed cases	73
transplant patients	73
clinical severity	73
proinflammatory cytokines	73
inflammatory mediators	73
cardiac surgery	73
odds ratio	73
case fatality	73
personal protective	73
nasal mucosa	73
gold standard	73
virus vaccine	73
antiviral activity	73
patient care	73
children infected	72
viral proteins	72
paciente con	72
nosocomial transmission	72
mm hg	72
young infants	72
cytokine production	72
significantly associated	72
well tolerated	72
large number	72
smooth muscle	72
randomised controlled	72
previous reports	71
nasal discharge	71
relative humidity	71
cause severe	71
influenza pandemic	71
respiratory protection	71
respiratory droplets	71
common viruses	71
sin embargo	71
respiratory infectious	71
lung pathology	71
ebola virus	71
infect dis	70
elderly patients	70
widely used	70
atypical pneumonia	70
pneumonia requiring	70
inflammatory cells	70
commonly used	70
influenza surveillance	70
frequent detection	70
genome sequence	70
causative agents	70
fusion protein	70
better understanding	70
organ transplant	70
remains unclear	69
north america	69
white blood	69
animal model	69
patients treated	69
infl ammation	69
preventive measures	69
tertiary care	69
neuraminidase inhibitors	69
previous study	69
intercellular adhesion	69
first years	68
arterial pressure	68
severe ards	68
infants hospitalized	68
multiplex rt	68
body weight	68
year study	68
pseudomonas aeruginosa	68
current study	68
lung volume	68
molecular diagnostics	68
chest radiographs	67
transport medium	67
randomized trial	67
high mortality	67
disease progression	67
one virus	67
many cases	67
face masks	67
genetic diversity	67
respiratory coronavirus	66
physical examination	66
nasopharyngeal secretions	66
molecular techniques	66
patients aged	66
long term	66
con un	66
virus types	66
fatality rate	66
applied biosystems	66
two cases	66
herpes simplex	66
patients undergoing	66
relatively low	66
cov infected	65
multiple respiratory	65
additional file	65
tract specimens	65
diagnostic testing	65
lymphoid tissue	65
hrv infection	65
copies ml	65
alveolar epithelial	65
viral lower	65
currently available	65
nk cells	65
computed tomography	65
southern china	65
studies suggest	65
high rate	65
term care	65
situ hybridization	64
months old	64
acute rejection	64
new human	64
tissue culture	64
determine whether	64
host defense	64
written informed	64
pulmonary vascular	64
healthy infants	64
viral genome	64
different respiratory	63
ali ards	63
patients receiving	63
cell types	63
pulmonary embolism	63
newly identified	63
flow nasal	63
immune globulin	63
convalescent plasma	63
children respiratory	63
studies using	63
viral nucleic	63
acute upper	63
carbon dioxide	63
lopinavir ritonavir	63
differential diagnosis	63
sars outbreak	63
endotracheal intubation	63
human airway	63
sample collection	62
copd exacerbations	62
thoracic society	62
expiratory flow	62
en un	62
mg twice	62
multiplex reverse	62
receptor binding	62
giant cells	62
human infection	62
bacterial co	62
rhinovirus colds	62
statistical significance	62
positive cases	62
airway epithelium	62
serum samples	62
antibody titers	62
real time	62
may help	61
winter months	61
illness among	61
sputum samples	61
oral ribavirin	61
less likely	61
lung microbiome	61
based study	61
chlamydia pneumoniae	61
multiple viruses	61
human parvovirus	61
may provide	61
lavage fluid	61
fl uid	61
laboratory diagnosis	61
acute exacerbation	61
adaptive immunity	60
healthy controls	60
syncytial viruses	60
signifi cant	60
molecular assays	60
respir viruses	60
allergic rhinitis	60
gastrointestinal tract	60
three patients	60
moraxella catarrhalis	60
cell count	60
arabian peninsula	60
sialic acid	60
cell surface	60
commonly detected	60
blood gases	60
study conducted	60
viral etiologies	60
small number	60
viral antigens	60
antiviral drugs	59
marrow transplantation	59
increased susceptibility	59
spontaneous breathing	59
childhood pneumonia	59
one case	59
early diagnosis	59
alveolar walls	59
clinical management	59
different viruses	59
swab samples	59
severe covid	59
blood cell	59
high incidence	59
induced lung	59
pressure support	59
defense mechanisms	59
total number	59
test results	59
patients presenting	58
noninvasive ventilation	58
patients died	58
passive transfer	58
endotracheal tube	58
new york	58
nursing home	58
filmarray respiratory	58
con una	58
kg min	58
el manejo	58
antiviral treatment	58
first days	58
chest pain	58
airway resistance	58
infection induces	57
diagnostic methods	57
results suggest	57
transcription polymerase	57
severe asthma	57
protective effect	57
viruses may	57
multicenter study	57
diagnostic test	57
primary care	57
genetic variability	57
lung inflammation	57
tracheal intubation	57
single infections	57
south africa	57
well known	57
also observed	57
one year	57
inclusion criteria	57
emerging respiratory	57
infection rate	57
viruses among	57
virus vaccines	57
metapneumovirus infections	57
weight loss	57
nasopharyngeal samples	57
epidemiological studies	57
disease caused	57
hematologic malignancies	57
severe clinical	57
experimentally infected	57
measles virus	57
molecular diagnostic	56
first hours	56
runny nose	56
prone positioning	56
significantly different	56
expiratory pressure	56
regression analysis	56
multivariate analysis	56
respiratory function	56
positive end	56
different types	56
cell death	56
syndromic surveillance	56
emergency room	56
body temperature	56
experimental infection	56
predictive value	56
detection methods	56
data collection	56
lung parenchyma	56
many studies	56
virus respiratory	56
mers cov	56
bacterial species	56
phase ii	55
cell line	55
united kingdom	55
bordetella pertussis	55
institutional review	55
vascular resistance	55
three groups	55
escherichia coli	55
often associated	55
laboratory tests	55
common colds	55
cytopathic effect	54
risk infants	54
atypical bacteria	54
rapid antigen	54
review board	54
continuous variables	54
severe influenza	54
pulse oximetry	54
hmpv infections	54
cause respiratory	54
febrile respiratory	54
se debe	54
myocardial infarction	54
pulmonary infection	54
surgical masks	54
study showed	54
kg times	54
surgical mask	54
dis doi	54
idiopathic pulmonary	54
patients received	54
immune function	54
tumor necrosis	54
rna synthesis	54
ml min	53
new zealand	53
mild upper	53
two years	53
i interferon	53
uenza virus	53
requiring mechanical	53
dual infection	53
tb patients	53
por el	53
forced expiratory	53
por sars	53
influenza infections	53
common viral	53
cough reflex	53
elderly people	53
study participants	52
antimicrobial therapy	52
se ha	52
cytokine storm	52
human influenza	52
el riesgo	52
mixed infections	52
specific antibodies	52
etiologic agent	52
pg ml	52
underlying conditions	52
ct scan	52
coronavirus spike	52
early phase	52
dry cough	52
pacientes en	52
severely ill	52
open reading	52
family members	52
pilot study	52
winter season	51
seasonal distribution	51
cell response	51
lesser extent	51
sequence analysis	51
viral diagnosis	51
two different	51
infectious respiratory	51
healthy individuals	51
also known	51
pasteurella multocida	51
laboratory animals	51
un estudio	51
cigarette smoke	51
acid extraction	51
oxidative stress	51
adenoviral infection	51
immunocompromised children	51
increased mortality	51
negative results	51
high fever	51
virus pneumonia	51
clinical relevance	51
future studies	51
lung ultrasound	50
natural infection	50
pathogen detection	50
also cause	50
care medicine	50
birth weight	50
cord blood	50
human lung	50
infection prevention	50
medical center	50
rhodococcus equi	50
laboratory testing	50
sars cov	50
positive airway	50
less frequently	50
pneumonia caused	50
community respiratory	50
bacterial respiratory	50
human disease	50
studies conducted	50
klebsiella pneumoniae	50
viral disease	50
central venous	50
mg dl	50
study found	50
study protocol	50
case definitions	50
discovered human	50
high morbidity	50
tube assay	50
using multiplex	50
molecular detection	50
associated hospitalizations	50
prolonged shedding	50
preschool children	49
infection respiratory	49
medical records	49
expiratory wheezing	49
competing interests	49
twice daily	49
maternal antibodies	49
cellular immune	49
drug therapy	49
strongly associated	49
interstitial lung	49
inhaled nitric	49
taken together	49
laboratory findings	49
host factors	49
risk patients	49
overall mortality	49
medical conditions	49
inflammatory process	49
face mask	49
confirmed influenza	49
retrospective analysis	49
one respiratory	49
small airways	49
hrv infections	48
infected individuals	48
like protease	48
pneumococcal pneumonia	48
also associated	48
kg day	48
mycobacterium tuberculosis	48
acute samples	48
severe infections	48
medical care	48
negative pressure	48
human adenoviruses	48
specimen collection	48
among young	48
acute gastroenteritis	48
lung biopsy	48
viral panel	48
group ii	48
common symptoms	48
xtag rvp	48
fi brosis	48
diseases society	48
early stages	48
evidence suggests	48
tobacco smoke	48
parainfl uenza	48
multiple viral	48
i ifn	48
elderly adults	48
cardiac arrest	48
human immunodeficiency	48
infectious virus	48
virus culture	48
infection human	48
immunodeficiency virus	48
healthy subjects	47
ng ml	47
blood cells	47
viral agent	47
symptomatic patients	47
without symptoms	47
data analysis	47
severe infection	47
critical illness	47
common causes	47
intravenous immunoglobulin	47
throat swab	47
virus transmission	47
airflow obstruction	47
viruses using	47
using pcr	47
allergic inflammation	47
five patients	47
single infection	47
per day	47
molecular biology	47
clinically relevant	47
asymptomatic infection	47
previously reported	47
using real	47
cuidados intensivos	47
communityacquired pneumonia	47
old children	47
high rates	47
th cytokine	47
less common	47
transplant recipient	47
three different	47
dipeptidyl peptidase	47
supplementary material	47
care settings	47
infected mice	47
stool samples	47
infection occurs	47
interstitial fibrosis	47
plasma cells	46
based studies	46
square test	46
en las	46
th cells	46
many patients	46
viruses associated	46
like strains	46
acute bronchitis	46
measured using	46
like receptors	46
findings suggest	46
sputum production	46
pcr test	46
may reduce	46
amino acids	46
broad spectrum	46
poorly understood	46
tract viral	46
middle ear	46
hospital mortality	46
described previously	46
also detected	46
simplex virus	46
se puede	46
chest radiography	46
diagnostic tools	46
asthmatic patients	46
acute illness	46
prospective studies	46
day care	46
children without	46
molecular screening	46
whole blood	46
swab specimens	46
new virus	46
results showed	45
structural protein	45
lactate dehydrogenase	45
blood cultures	45
early detection	45
may explain	45
connective tissue	45
clinical picture	45
may develop	45
health authorities	45
several days	45
positive pressure	45
viral particles	45
lung infection	45
least two	45
th response	45
rsv load	45
patient population	45
vp vp	45
tissue damage	45
categorical variables	45
hospitalizations among	45
less severe	45
analysis showed	45
drug administration	45
prone position	45
see table	45
mucus production	45
human pneumovirus	45
blood mononuclear	45
pcr testing	45
respiratory health	45
oral administration	45
immunocompromised adults	44
th th	44
based surveillance	44
pcr system	44
wide variety	44
national institute	44
phase iii	44
corona virus	44
bronchitis virus	44
dependent rna	44
invasive ventilation	44
viral transport	44
congestive heart	44
severe sepsis	44
rainy season	44
increased levels	44
also contribute	44
predictive factors	44
mice infected	44
secondary infections	44
rhesus macaques	44
mast cells	44
recurrent respiratory	44
reverse genetics	44
ii pneumonocytes	44
first months	44
turnaround time	44
rsv replication	43
table ii	43
pneumoniae infection	43
hospitalization among	43
lactate levels	43
positive cells	43
two viruses	43
ii score	43
pneumonia among	43
spike glycoprotein	43
productive cough	43
respiratory tracts	43
cell membrane	43
hemorrhagic fever	43
el tratamiento	43
pulmonary oedema	43
acute renal	43
pneumovirus isolated	43
exclusion criteria	43
high sensitivity	43
transmission dynamics	43
mild respiratory	43
emergency departments	43
mg day	43
respiratory depression	43
children attending	43
gastrointestinal symptoms	43
underlying diseases	43
specific viral	43
low levels	43
first week	43
single virus	43
severe viral	43
induced pulmonary	43
allogeneic hematopoietic	43
nonstructural protein	43
less frequent	43
hadv infection	43
flow rate	43
sars virus	43
disease associated	43
swine influenza	43
inflammatory cytokine	43
allergic sensitization	43
organ dysfunction	43
nipah virus	43
rvp fast	43
el grupo	43
care facility	42
binding domain	42
hiv infection	42
aerosol transmission	42
specific cd	42
vaccine effectiveness	42
pulmonary lesions	42
multiple sclerosis	42
additional information	42
higher mortality	42
pediatric population	42
bal fluid	42
droplet nuclei	42
viral entry	42
human enterovirus	42
cov infections	42
adults hospitalized	42
viral dna	42
breathing pattern	42
including influenza	42
pressure ventilation	42
infectious bronchitis	42
rapid diagnostic	42
surveillance system	42
infection due	42
commonly associated	42
children presenting	42
orally administered	42
symptoms may	42
pcr products	42
aged less	42
korean children	42
ill children	42
arterial oxygen	42
may become	42
respiratory effort	42
identifi cation	42
mini kit	42
hcov infections	42
viral titers	42
animal studies	42
elderly persons	42
diagnostic techniques	42
clinical findings	42
en una	41
vitro studies	41
sari cases	41
antigen tests	41
literature review	41
potential role	41
functional receptor	41
high concentrations	41
may require	41
expression levels	41
study using	41
asymptomatic infections	41
multiple infections	41
virus lower	41
like illnesses	41
transcriptase polymerase	41
lung damage	41
healthy young	41
healthcare settings	41
significantly reduced	41
blood vessels	41
bacterial colonization	41
frequently associated	41
antiviral response	41
remains unknown	41
chlamydophila pneumoniae	41
respiratory muscles	41
higher levels	41
year prospective	41
bacterial coinfection	41
pneumococcal disease	41
significant increase	41
mucociliary clearance	41
cd cells	41
asymptomatic patients	40
developed countries	40
free days	40
rna genome	40
longitudinal study	40
intravenous injection	40
asthma symptoms	40
coronavirus replication	40
hypoxemic respiratory	40
mean duration	40
plasmacytoid dendritic	40
respiratory society	40
higher incidence	40
fio ratio	40
th cytokines	40
four patients	40
mg ml	40
fluorescent antibody	40
viral antigen	40
cell entry	40
significantly increased	40
febrile illness	40
replacement therapy	40
will help	40
severe symptoms	40
internal control	40
mortality associated	40
seasonal pattern	40
relative risk	40
lymphocyte count	40
epidemiologic studies	40
reduced lung	40
general practice	40
mean arterial	40
also reported	39
last years	39
plasma convaleciente	39
economic burden	39
unclear whether	39
survival rate	39
renal function	39
inspiratory effort	39
hospital discharge	39
identified respiratory	39
diagnostic assays	39
causing respiratory	39
drug susceptibility	39
pediatric respiratory	39
continuous positive	39
severe community	39
controlled study	39
gestational age	39
por lo	39
sbt abpc	39
tidal volumes	39
standard deviation	39
nosocomial infections	39
bacterial superinfection	39
mouse models	39
highly sensitive	39
infected animals	39
inactivated influenza	39
risk children	39
corticosteroid therapy	39
defi ned	39
lymphoid tissues	39
sense rna	39
illness severity	39
neonatal intensive	39
infection using	39
brain injury	39
positive specimens	39
sars cases	39
per minute	39
three times	39
well established	39
may include	39
time course	39
infections human	39
global health	39
therapeutic strategies	39
healthy volunteers	38
trauma patients	38
tract illnesses	38
many years	38
significant correlation	38
infection rates	38
american thoracic	38
pleural effusions	38
first time	38
en cuenta	38
infi ltrates	38
monkey kidney	38
vaccine candidate	38
respiratory syndromes	38
room air	38
two main	38
month period	38
invasive mechanical	38
viruses causing	38
nasal wash	38
sectional study	38
asthma development	38
chronic diseases	38
potential pathogens	38
demographic characteristics	38
ifv infection	38
pulmonary tuberculosis	38
rsv season	38
common virus	38
virus load	38
molecular characterization	38
pulmonary infections	38
military personnel	38
hand washing	38
new viruses	38
retrospective cohort	38
study reported	38
membrane fusion	38
mortality among	38
specimens collected	38
allergic asthma	38
clinical utility	38
table i	38
large numbers	38
inactivated vaccine	38
emerging infectious	38
family history	38
among adults	38
specific treatment	38
children may	38
nonstructural proteins	38
cold symptoms	38
induced sputum	38
infants born	38
icu stay	38
hexon gene	37
routine use	37
viruses including	37
obstructive lung	37
positive rate	37
diabetes mellitus	37
regression model	37
antiviral immunity	37
analyzed using	37
inhaled corticosteroids	37
clinical evidence	37
human cases	37
increased severity	37
included patients	37
mannheimia haemolytica	37
vaccine candidates	37
samples obtained	37
cell type	37
molecular epidemiological	37
poor prognosis	37
generating procedures	37
laboratory data	37
also showed	37
early stage	37
atypical bacterial	37
may increase	37
hospitalization rates	37
pcr tests	37
like particles	37
foreign body	37
vast majority	37
induced acute	37
among us	37
rsv lower	37
post infection	37
wheezing episodes	37
signifi cantly	37
acute febrile	37
quality control	37
infections occur	37
airway hyperreactivity	37
higher rates	37
nuclear factor	37
medical history	37
oxygen delivery	37
clinical evaluation	37
class i	37
assisted ventilation	37
virus isolated	37
paediatric intensive	36
acute expiratory	36
virus shedding	36
nested pcr	36
right ventricular	36
expiratory volume	36
picu admission	36
gas analysis	36
small sample	36
significant morbidity	36
domestic animals	36
temperate climates	36
respiratory bacteria	36
tract viruses	36
detected viruses	36
cell activation	36
molecular tests	36
pathogens detected	36
asthma control	36
induced wheezing	36
gut microbiome	36
common clinical	36
surveillance study	36
hbov positive	36
hospital setting	36
human monoclonal	36
subsequent development	36
detected virus	36
cardiac index	36
porcine respiratory	36
six patients	36
will also	36
increased respiratory	36
cytokine responses	36
inspiratory pressure	36
immunosuppressed patients	36
experimental studies	36
dual infections	36
upper airways	36
broad range	36
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae	36
disease transmission	36
pathological changes	36
atopic dermatitis	36
associated lymphoid	36
better understand	36
porcine circovirus	35
canine respiratory	35
infection caused	35
cell receptor	35
plasminogen activator	35
nosocomial infection	35
african green	35
control subjects	35
nursing homes	35
cov rna	35
head injury	35
require hospitalization	35
highly contagious	35
patients requiring	35
also seen	35
plasma levels	35
detect respiratory	35
highly conserved	35
pulmonary alveolar	35
isolator piglets	35
two consecutive	35
antimicrobial activity	35
indigenous infants	35
lymph node	35
high doses	35
nasal microbiota	35
invasive pneumococcal	35
cytokines chemokines	35
compared using	35
meteorological parameters	35
observational studies	35
possible cause	35
reported cases	35
nasopharyngeal specimens	35
functional residual	35
common among	35
adult population	35
nasal washes	35
attenuated influenza	35
specific antibody	35
oxygen consumption	35
patients required	35
dendritic cell	35
median duration	35
chronic disease	35
diffi cult	35
single dose	35
cells may	35
linear regression	35
illness associated	35
epidemiological data	35
van den	35
nucleotide sequences	35
protease inhibitors	35
residual capacity	35
controlled clinical	35
body mass	35
like symptoms	34
affected foals	34
nk cell	34
hospitalized adults	34
will need	34
respiratory signs	34
organ cultures	34
one must	34
disease due	34
oxygen requirement	34
practice guidelines	34
novel viruses	34
hyaline membrane	34
natural history	34
risk groups	34
humoral immunity	34
dna viruses	34
clinical syndromes	34
generation sequencing	34
united arab	34
diagnostic accuracy	34
million deaths	34
hepatitis virus	34
high dose	34
treatment options	34
neuraminidase inhibitor	34
viral illness	34
respiratory problems	34
systematic analysis	34
key role	34
clinical illness	34
patient management	34
airway function	34
statistical analyses	34
virus panel	34
ciliated cells	34
previously published	34
coronavirus pneumonia	34
close contacts	34
severity scores	34
mean temperature	34
systemic symptoms	34
immunofluorescence assay	34
arab emirates	34
immunocompromised persons	34
oxygen supplementation	34
postoperative period	34
infants younger	34
human bocaviruses	34
serum antibodies	34
clinical decision	34
demographic data	34
studies showed	34
allergen exposure	34
cellular immunity	34
household members	34
patients showed	34
cerebrospinal fluid	34
etiologic agents	34
seasonal variation	34
paramyxoviridae family	33
obliterans syndrome	33
independent risk	33
xtag respiratory	33
viral coinfections	33
adenoviral infections	33
blood culture	33
microbial load	33
least days	33
aged children	33
international committee	33
liver disease	33
todos los	33
influenza respiratory	33
among hajj	33
bovine viral	33
recurrent wheeze	33
three years	33
associated respiratory	33
clinical spectrum	33
additional studies	33
virus challenge	33
con los	33
viral causes	33
chronic cough	33
chronic asthma	33
cell activity	33
nasal passages	33
age range	33
disease human	33
included studies	33
significant changes	33
multiplex assays	33
killer cells	33
term infants	33
protective ventilation	33
interstitial pneumonitis	33
interquartile range	33
asthmatic subjects	33
infectious agent	33
muscle weakness	33
secondary infection	33
antimicrobial agents	33
years ago	33
important risk	33
contact tracing	33
virus may	33
fi ndings	33
droplet transmission	33
prospective multicenter	33
immune systems	33
enhanced disease	33
study respiratory	33
different age	33
legionella pneumophila	33
among pilgrims	33
exogenous surfactant	33
well described	33
hematologic malignancy	33
short term	33
pneumococcal vaccine	33
sars infection	33
virus immune	33
higher viral	33
bronchial asthma	33
much less	33
treatment group	33
descriptive study	33
among different	33
acid sequence	33
sendai virus	33
alveolar epithelium	33
etiological agent	33
severe pulmonary	33
also shown	33
new insights	33
confidence intervals	33
persistent infection	33
fatty acids	33
novel influenza	32
blood count	32
disseminated intravascular	32
first study	32
high level	32
relative abundance	32
clinical research	32
hyaline membranes	32
amplification tests	32
induced airway	32
primer sets	32
income countries	32
infect humans	32
viral diarrhea	32
respiratory status	32
disease onset	32
transmission routes	32
pulmonary inflammation	32
cardiogenic shock	32
virus strains	32
humoral immune	32
mild disease	32
working group	32
two major	32
rv infections	32
mucous membranes	32
target cells	32
airway responsiveness	32
pulmonary interstitial	32
febrile neutropenia	32
venous blood	32
linked immunosorbent	32
virus among	32
pneumonia etiology	32
guangdong province	32
every year	32
squamous metaplasia	32
lung mechanics	32
diagnostic procedures	32
days later	32
one third	32
seasonal patterns	32
conducted using	32
positivity rate	32
adhesion molecules	32
paediatric patients	32
high proportion	32
confi rmed	32
viral testing	32
study also	32
symptomatic children	32
household contacts	32
pattern recognition	32
increased disease	32
coding region	32
mouse hepatitis	31
health problem	31
cov spike	31
nutritional status	31
adenoid tissue	31
year follow	31
nebulized hypertonic	31
naturally occurring	31
bronchiolitis severity	31
among health	31
ace receptor	31
prolonged viral	31
takes place	31
pulmonary infiltrates	31
mers cases	31
mucosal immune	31
mediated immunity	31
en su	31
clinical respiratory	31
ex vivo	31
agarose gel	31
first step	31
study included	31
infection causes	31
pneumonic mannheimiosis	31
clinical settings	31
significant decrease	31
may persist	31
advisory committee	31
respiratory agents	31
diseases among	31
viral aetiology	31
pneumonia cases	31
family paramyxoviridae	31
age distribution	31
neuromuscular blockade	31
reading frames	31
younger children	31
pulmonary diseases	31
severe complications	31
neutrophil extracellular	31
immunocompromised individuals	31
staff members	31
first described	31
case reports	31
probably due	31
chronic pulmonary	31
cytokine response	31
multiorgan failure	31
available data	31
economic impact	31
cov replication	31
allergic airway	31
data indicate	31
adults respiratory	31
surfactant therapy	31
beneficial effects	31
critical role	31
increased expression	31
lung compliance	31
patient groups	31
control groups	31
cohort studies	31
national health	31
much lower	31
elevated levels	31
adult lung	31
frequently isolated	31
french pilgrims	31
medically attended	31
illness caused	31
one may	31
virus associated	31
stranded dna	31
important respiratory	31
enrolled patients	31
disease may	31
epidemiological characteristics	31
serious bacterial	31
membrane protein	31
coronavirus rna	31
current status	31
practice guideline	31
electron microscopic	30
negative bacteria	30
clinical use	30
piv infections	30
human subjects	30
become available	30
infection symptoms	30
acute onset	30
lung lesions	30
may vary	30
ribavirin therapy	30
clinical criteria	30
antibody titer	30
induced respiratory	30
host range	30
indigenous peoples	30
time period	30
antiviral immune	30
australian children	30
significant association	30
cell proliferation	30
young age	30
fecal samples	30
immunosorbent assay	30
cause disease	30
endoplasmic reticulum	30
tropical countries	30
dna vaccines	30
viruses cause	30
se han	30
clinical microbiology	30
viruses identified	30
nosocomial respiratory	30
specific respiratory	30
may present	30
requiring intensive	30
patients developed	30
attack rate	30
spectrum antiviral	30
rsv illness	30
early spring	30
higher rate	30
respiratory symptom	30
urinary tract	30
leading causes	30
widespread use	30
necrotizing enterocolitis	30
severe combined	30
studies reported	30
transmission within	30
function tests	30
cell counts	30
inflammatory markers	30
infections occurred	30
molecular evolution	30
intravascular coagulation	30
relatively high	30
shell vial	30
canine infectious	30
en uci	30
parainfluenza type	30
life support	30
frequent cause	30
might also	30
particle size	30
effective vaccine	30
swabs collected	30
th day	30
healthcare professionals	30
neonatal isoerythrolysis	30
may represent	30
nasal obstruction	30
hospital length	30
normal range	30
per se	30
clinical effects	30
days post	30
surveillance data	30
control practices	30
effi cacy	30
several weeks	29
average age	29
many viruses	29
human rsv	29
develop severe	29
nosocomial pneumonia	29
diarrhea virus	29
samples using	29
data available	29
similar results	29
virus rna	29
tract involvement	29
cystic fi	29
cold virus	29
lung volumes	29
southern hemisphere	29
different viral	29
antibiotic resistance	29
los estudios	29
three cases	29
surface glycoproteins	29
severely affected	29
cells infected	29
alveolar macrophage	29
among others	29
virus strain	29
molecular testing	29
viral envelope	29
first identified	29
frequently reported	29
bronchiolar epithelium	29
considered statistically	29
cardiovascular disease	29
recognition receptors	29
cardiac disease	29
specific antiviral	29
quantitative pcr	29
much higher	29
odds ratios	29
successful treatment	29
sars epidemic	29
pcr method	29
creative commons	29
gene sequences	29
rescue therapy	29
pcr amplification	29
children clinical	29
community cohort	29
will provide	29
oscillatory ventilation	29
physical activity	29
jugular bulb	29
signaling pathways	29
normal subjects	29
patients included	29
probable sars	29
summer months	29
molecular mechanisms	29
fold increase	29
consecutive years	29
transforming growth	29
factors may	29
sickle cell	29
enzootic pneumonia	29
viral cultures	29
underlying medical	29
north american	29
rsv detection	29
viral diseases	29
combined immunodeficiency	29
also may	29
major role	29
recipients respiratory	29
major respiratory	29
su uso	29
cancer patients	29
related pneumonia	29
positive result	29
multiplex polymerase	29
med doi	29
transcription factor	29
van der	29
regulatory factor	29
plos one	29
luminex xtag	29
early treatment	29
pulmonary syndrome	29
two weeks	29
neurological diseases	29
i ifns	29
nasal aspirates	29
nitrogen dioxide	29
may affect	29
southeast asia	29
fatal outcome	29
molecular diagnosis	29
tumour necrosis	29
red blood	29
table shows	29
envelope protein	29
may improve	29
children older	29
main cause	29
bovine coronavirus	29
epidemiological study	29
negative group	28
positive control	28
pneumonia associated	28
tracheal aspirates	28
pathogenic bacteria	28
etiologic role	28
seven patients	28
vp gene	28
neonatal respiratory	28
therapeutic interventions	28
older age	28
highest risk	28
positive predictive	28
frequency oscillatory	28
como el	28
commonly found	28
clinical manifestation	28
cov outbreak	28
fisher exact	28
cause pneumonia	28
clinical efficacy	28
ii rv	28
virus particles	28
deficient mice	28
time points	28
hbov infections	28
short period	28
surface area	28
pneumococcal vaccination	28
presenting cells	28
nasal spray	28
virol doi	28
genome sequences	28
abdominal pain	28
although rsv	28
metabolic acidosis	28
symptom scores	28
influenza cases	28
nasal epithelial	28
bordetella bronchiseptica	28
per week	28
limited number	28
surgical patients	28
respiratory disorders	28
con sdra	28
es un	28
respiratory sample	28
den hoogen	28
methods used	28
initial treatment	28
particulate matter	28
sensitive molecular	28
among military	28
one hour	28
older persons	28
children using	28
us military	28
nasal epithelium	28
influenza pneumonia	28
relatively small	28
arabia middle	28
function testing	28
every day	28
enzyme immunoassay	28
high degree	28
also important	28
contact precautions	28
phase i	28
ct findings	28
independently associated	28
heart surgery	28
induced bronchiolitis	28
may induce	28
limited data	28
executive summary	28
required mechanical	28
debe ser	28
tested negative	28
empiric therapy	28
asymptomatic controls	28
newly described	28
negative patients	28
rsv cases	28
respiratory morbidity	28
low risk	28
transplantation recipients	28
infected epithelial	28
low viral	28
clinically significant	28
detecting respiratory	28
antigen presentation	28
last decade	28
virus circulation	28
community study	28
treatment strategies	28
increased airway	28
study demonstrated	28
left ventricular	28
syncytial viral	28
tissue samples	28
children detection	28
higher prevalence	28
gram staining	28
may indicate	28
clinical aspects	28
filtration efficiency	28
rsv positive	28
hematological malignancies	28
rapid molecular	27
significant reduction	27
binding sites	27
must also	27
driving pressure	27
drug resistance	27
less well	27
large amounts	27
standard treatment	27
second week	27
surveillance systems	27
new cases	27
virus identification	27
clinical implications	27
readily available	27
innate antiviral	27
asymptomatic individuals	27
take place	27
hantavirus pulmonary	27
seeplex rv	27
acid detection	27
considered significant	27
newborn infants	27
therapeutic intervention	27
respiratory insufficiency	27
febrile seizures	27
pneumococcal conjugate	27
primary cause	27
fully understood	27
effective treatment	27
also used	27
specific ige	27
inclusion bodies	27
pcr detection	27
hbov strains	27
large proportion	27
chest physiotherapy	27
clinical information	27
viral protein	27
illness onset	27
child health	27
systematic reviews	27
viral upper	27
infected infants	27
pediatric ards	27
cardiopulmonary disease	27
respiratory mucosa	27
macrolide antibiotics	27
new coronavirus	27
one hundred	27
basement membrane	27
animal species	27
matrix metalloproteinase	27
nonhuman primates	27
comparative study	27
community outbreak	27
free water	27
care center	27
years later	27
samples positive	27
children viral	27
del virus	27
lower tract	27
clinical study	27
meteorological factors	27
multinucleated giant	27
decision making	27
alveolar spaces	27
enteral feeding	27
antibody production	27
poor outcome	27
patients presented	27
primary outcome	27
tract pathogens	27
acute myocardial	27
may progress	27
recombinant human	27
studied patients	27
newly recognized	27
transcriptase pcr	27
still unclear	27
antigenic drift	27
transcription factors	27
one week	27
novel virus	27
puede ser	27
direct fluorescent	27
every hours	27
free radicals	27
neutrophil recruitment	27
cardiopulmonary bypass	27
children worldwide	27
human polyomaviruses	27
disease course	27
risk adults	27
may show	27
infections associated	27
human metapneumoviruses	27
nutritional support	27
two types	27
immunodefi ciency	26
human studies	26
essential oil	26
winter seasons	26
long periods	26
cord injury	26
organizing pneumonia	26
two studies	26
negative samples	26
specific virus	26
wu polyomavirus	26
within weeks	26
test result	26
virus entry	26
cotton rat	26
foster city	26
associated infection	26
likely due	26
allergic disease	26
extracellular traps	26
serologic testing	26
goblet cells	26
muscular dystrophy	26
strand rna	26
ari cases	26
detected among	26
genome sequencing	26
first case	26
sari case	26
pulmonary pathology	26
virus titers	26
fungal infections	26
i interferons	26
northern hemisphere	26
clinical setting	26
vaccinia virus	26
significant role	26
higher frequency	26
gram stain	26
also present	26
epidemiological profile	26
may benefit	26
person transmission	26
common pathogen	26
life cycle	26
clinical syndrome	26
pulmonary complications	26
zoster virus	26
younger age	26
reading frame	26
intubated patients	26
suppurative bronchopneumonia	26
mean airway	26
eight patients	26
administration period	26
low mortality	26
gross lesions	26
ventilator settings	26
mean difference	26
military trainees	26
sentinel surveillance	26
attenuated vaccines	26
type infection	26
humanized monoclonal	26
age children	26
recently described	26
without fever	26
among humans	26
may take	26
liver transplantation	26
virus surveillance	26
pathogen detected	26
first day	26
genbank database	26
thoracic cavity	26
cigarette smoking	26
potential therapeutic	26
el cual	26
lymphoid cells	26
epidemiological features	26
immune status	26
newly emerging	26
hospital outbreak	26
beneficial effect	26
mixed infection	26
microbial communities	26
cd cd	26
prognostic factors	26
scoring system	26
neonatal foals	26
protein kinase	26
antigenic shift	26
pediatric infectious	26
smoke exposure	26
signaling pathway	26
antiviral drug	26
mediated immune	26
center experience	26
analysis revealed	26
artery catheter	26
pcr results	26
mers patients	26
respiratory bacterial	26
longitudinal studies	26
responses may	26
recently identified	26
may influence	26
immune dysregulation	26
respiratory picornaviruses	26
human bronchial	26
fibrinous bronchopneumonia	26
septic patients	26
femoral head	26
human infections	26
antimicrobial resistance	26
disease complex	26
major outbreak	26
inflammatory cell	26
en este	26
diffuse interstitial	26
frequently identified	26
pneumonia patients	26
index case	26
time series	26
health status	25
artery pressure	25
microscopic examination	25
el momento	25
first choice	25
influenza epidemics	25
viral isolation	25
diagnostic criteria	25
clinical progression	25
hcov nl	25
tract diseases	25
indoor air	25
cell subsets	25
infected persons	25
infants aged	25
information regarding	25
calculated using	25
low sensitivity	25
bronchial epithelium	25
human population	25
approximately one	25
using spss	25
ciliated epithelial	25
therapeutic options	25
haematopoietic stem	25
guinea pig	25
vaccine strain	25
secondary cases	25
immune deficiency	25
aged younger	25
adenovirus pneumonia	25
frequently used	25
final manuscript	25
low birth	25
myasthenia gravis	25
nine patients	25
associated acute	25
current evidence	25
cardiac failure	25
aged months	25
mrna expression	25
several years	25
conjugate vaccine	25
picornavirus infections	25
respiratory swabs	25
protective immune	25
cdna synthesis	25
pulmonary mechanics	25
data regarding	25
pathogens causing	25
lung tissues	25
described elsewhere	25
reactive airway	25
airways disease	25
peak expiratory	25
rsv pneumonia	25
i pneumonocytes	25
hospital treatment	25
broadly neutralizing	25
prevention strategies	25