bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
immune response	1909
immune responses	1888
vaccine development	1133
influenza virus	1043
influenza vaccine	1022
clinical trials	901
public health	863
infectious diseases	804
dna vaccine	766
dna vaccines	740
united states	739
immune system	671
respiratory syndrome	624
neutralizing antibodies	554
live attenuated	547
acute respiratory	513
vaccine candidates	502
antibody responses	500
influenza vaccines	497
virus infection	487
cell responses	481
clinical trial	452
protective immunity	450
virus vaccine	446
phase i	432
severe acute	427
vaccinia virus	415
based vaccines	412
like particles	393
dendritic cells	380
vaccine candidate	380
respiratory syncytial	373
respiratory tract	364
syncytial virus	356
vaccine delivery	354
adverse events	348
antibody response	344
animal models	338
influenza viruses	329
delivery systems	327
neutralizing antibody	321
vaccine efficacy	315
disease virus	312
based vaccine	308
doc id	299
infectious disease	299
cord uid	299
plasmid dna	297
innate immune	295
zika virus	294
vaccine safety	290
ebola virus	290
world health	290
syndrome coronavirus	288
developing countries	286
influenza vaccination	277
subunit vaccines	275
subunit vaccine	275
phase iii	274
virus vaccines	273
avian influenza	273
health care	265
pandemic influenza	265
immunodeficiency virus	265
spike protein	263
cellular immune	260
cell epitopes	257
cell culture	256
health organization	253
yellow fever	250
newcastle disease	246
vaccine design	246
antibody titers	237
seasonal influenza	236
measles virus	233
inactivated vaccine	217
humoral immune	217
delivery system	215
amino acid	215
dna vaccination	213
vaccine production	213
new vaccines	212
viral vectors	211
protective efficacy	206
new vaccine	203
vaccine construct	199
healthy adults	199
adaptive immune	199
protective immune	199
high levels	197
candidate vaccines	192
phase ii	191
inactivated vaccines	190
rabies virus	187
pregnant women	187
human immunodeficiency	186
may also	184
vaccine antigens	182
vaccine adjuvants	180
like particle	176
attenuated vaccines	175
viral vector	174
candidate vaccine	174
nucleic acid	174
middle east	173
novel coronavirus	172
type i	171
vaccine virus	171
side effects	170
class i	170
host cell	169
sars coronavirus	167
disease control	166
mucosal immune	166
presenting cells	166
west nile	166
vaccine hesitancy	166
virus type	163
surface antigen	162
epithelial cells	161
structural proteins	160
lymph nodes	159
human papillomavirus	156
mucosal immunity	156
clinical signs	155
cell response	155
dengue virus	154
inactivated influenza	152
humoral immunity	151
modified vaccinia	151
live vaccines	150
mrna vaccines	150
east respiratory	149
mhc class	149
viral replication	149
cellular immunity	148
mediated immunity	146
innate immunity	146
infl uenza	146
single dose	146
recombinant protein	145
clinical development	144
highly pathogenic	144
clinical studies	143
escherichia coli	143
dengue vaccine	142
vaccines may	141
immune cells	141
hong kong	140
reverse vaccinology	140
effective vaccine	139
like receptor	139
fever virus	139
specific immune	138
specific cd	138
monoclonal antibodies	138
gold nanoparticles	136
young children	135
specific antibodies	135
gene expression	135
vaccine vector	134
infectious agents	134
high risk	134
respiratory disease	133
injection site	133
edible vaccines	132
infected cells	132
measles vaccine	132
maternal antibodies	131
virus challenge	131
reverse genetics	130
smallpox vaccine	130
herd immunity	129
mouth disease	129
advisory committee	129
vaccine formulations	128
mediated immune	128
viral infection	128
cell epitope	127
emerging infectious	127
adverse effects	126
effective vaccines	126
modified live	125
natural infection	125
vaccination coverage	125
vaccine strain	124
viral infections	123
vaccine effectiveness	122
systematic review	122
vaccine based	121
global health	121
controlled trial	121
influenza pandemic	120
vaccine vectors	119
cervical cancer	119
live virus	119
adaptive immunity	118
vaccination strategies	118
attenuated vaccine	118
host immune	118
virus ankara	118
class ii	118
nile virus	117
amino acids	117
rabies vaccine	116
hiv vaccine	116
conjugate vaccine	116
cell lines	115
vaccine research	115
two doses	115
clinical disease	114
antigen presentation	113
rhesus macaques	113
drug delivery	113
antigen delivery	113
transgenic plants	112
phage display	112
adenovirus type	112
coronavirus disease	110
universal influenza	109
fusion protein	109
increased risk	109
older adults	109
canine distemper	109
insect cells	108
rotavirus vaccine	108
vaccines based	107
viral proteins	107
recent years	107
vaccine uptake	107
live vaccine	107
vaccine formulation	106
oral vaccine	106
protein antigens	106
japanese encephalitis	106
monoclonal antibody	106
preventable diseases	105
potential vaccine	105
virus infections	105
protein expression	105
serum antibody	105
incubation period	104
gene delivery	104
mrna vaccine	104
gene therapy	103
rift valley	103
severe disease	103
viral rna	103
mouse model	102
host cells	102
valley fever	102
recent advances	101
vaccine strains	101
vectored vaccines	101
dendritic cell	101
polio vaccine	101
currently available	100
mice immunized	100
vaccine induces	100
upper respiratory	100
oral vaccines	100
inactivated virus	99
capsid protein	99
antibody levels	99
widely used	99
animal model	99
nonhuman primates	99
spike glycoprotein	98
vaccine administration	98
safety profile	98
years old	98
vaccine immunogenicity	97
expression system	97
mucosal vaccine	97
vaccine may	96
mycobacterium tuberculosis	96
binding domain	96
vaccine antigen	96
united kingdom	96
attenuated live	95
veterinary vaccines	95
virus replication	95
guinea pigs	95
well tolerated	95
recombinant proteins	95
peptide vaccine	94
viral diseases	94
virus disease	94
sars vaccine	94
vaccine platforms	94
mammalian cells	93
cell line	93
edible vaccine	93
oral immunization	93
lyme disease	93
mmr vaccine	93
coronavirus vaccine	93
i clinical	92
vaccine containing	91
lower respiratory	91
vaccine manufacturers	91
encephalitis virus	91
adverse reactions	91
income countries	91
important role	91
igg antibodies	90
plasmodium falciparum	90
epitope vaccine	89
many countries	89
human vaccines	89
host range	89
challenge studies	88
safety concerns	88
mucosal vaccines	88
adverse event	87
nervous system	87
cell surface	87
vaccine adjuvant	87
respiratory viruses	87
autoimmune diseases	87
malaria vaccine	87
attenuated influenza	86
whole virus	86
intranasal immunization	86
mosaic virus	86
recombinant adenovirus	86
vaccine coverage	86
core vaccines	86
cell activation	85
oral delivery	85
vaccine will	85
vero cells	85
phase clinical	85
vlp vaccines	85
parainfluenza virus	85
immunization practices	84
tetanus toxoid	84
cholera toxin	84
rna viruses	84
receptor binding	84
recombinant vaccine	84
influenza infection	84
following vaccination	84
aluminum hydroxide	84
vesicular stomatitis	83
viral load	83
animal health	83
adjuvanted vaccine	83
emerging pathogens	83
vectored vaccine	83
working group	83
commercially available	83
risk factors	83
vaccine induced	82
humoral responses	82
haemophilus influenzae	82
stranded rna	82
foreign gene	82
adjuvant activity	82
recombinant vaccines	82
viral vaccines	82
age groups	82
social media	81
developed countries	81
virus strains	81
expression systems	81
high level	81
vaccinated animals	81
coronavirus spike	80
novel vaccine	80
even though	80
stomatitis virus	80
vaccine administered	80
herpes simplex	80
canine parvovirus	80
highly immunogenic	79
complete protection	79
lethal challenge	79
vaccine viruses	78
recombinant mva	78
envelope protein	78
preclinical studies	78
hiv infection	78
dna encoding	77
tissue culture	77
control group	77
attenuated virus	77
healthcare workers	77
specific igg	76
like receptors	76
cell cultures	76
vaccines will	76
rsv vaccine	76
maternal antibody	76
human clinical	76
vaccine acceptance	76
oral vaccination	76
vaccine encoding	75
multiple sclerosis	75
vlp vaccine	75
strong immune	75
specific antibody	74
systemic immune	74
vaccine trials	74
mucosal adjuvants	74
major histocompatibility	73
commonly used	73
adjuvanted vaccines	73
drug administration	73
regulatory authorities	73
vector vaccine	73
vaccine failure	73
human use	73
vaccine expressing	73
lymph node	72
molecular weight	72
simplex virus	72
antigenic drift	72
membrane protein	72
adjuvant effect	72
central nervous	71
hpv vaccine	71
disease caused	71
cellular responses	71
vector vaccines	71
vaccine protects	71
another study	71
intranasal administration	71
ii clinical	71
mucosal surfaces	71
streptococcus pneumoniae	71
histocompatibility complex	71
present study	70
significantly higher	70
wild type	70
cold chain	70
long term	70
different types	70
rights reserved	70
antibody titer	70
inactivated whole	70
may lead	70
antibody production	70
ebola vaccine	69
conjugate vaccines	69
influenza season	69
recombinant vaccinia	69
disease burden	69
humoral response	69
highly effective	69
recent studies	69
nucleocapsid protein	68
existing immunity	68
west africa	68
epitope prediction	68
second dose	68
antigen presenting	68
diarrhea virus	68
i ii	68
copyright holder	68
vaccine platform	68
human influenza	68
influenzae type	67
human primates	67
recent study	67
hpv vaccination	67
many years	67
protects mice	67
new york	67
syndrome virus	67
vaccination programs	67
children aged	67
dependent enhancement	66
oral administration	66
authors declare	66
rhesus monkeys	66
rabies vaccines	66
virus strain	66
north america	65
particle vaccine	65
virus expressing	65
will need	65
tlr agonist	65
two different	65
pertussis vaccine	65
higher levels	65
wide range	65
vaccine approaches	65
respiratory virus	65
envelope glycoprotein	65
gene transfer	64
one study	64
antibody titres	64
genetically modified	64
lymphoid tissue	64
vaccine strategies	64
vaccine supply	64
feline infectious	64
mortality rate	64
licensed vaccines	64
per year	64
visceral leishmaniasis	64
outer membrane	63
years ago	63
immunized mice	63
coronavirus infection	63
national institute	62
age group	62
broadly neutralizing	62
human health	62
mass vaccination	62
inactivated sars	62
viral genome	62
otitis media	62
swine fever	62
insect cell	62
among children	62
human challenge	62
large scale	62
risk groups	62
young adults	62
vaccines containing	62
protein vaccine	61
author funder	61
infected animals	61
vaccination program	61
iii trials	61
vaccinated individuals	61
made available	61
human population	61
target cells	61
responses induced	61
infected individuals	61
disease prevention	61
global vaccine	61
acellular pertussis	61
granted medrxiv	61
may provide	61
virus glycoprotein	60
large number	60
herpes zoster	60
nanoparticle vaccines	60
immune protection	60
cancer vaccines	60
antigen expression	60
immunization programs	60
naturally occurring	60
fever vaccine	60
south africa	60
version posted	59
pneumococcal conjugate	59
associated lymphoid	59
protective antigen	59
veterinary medicine	59
vaccination strategy	59
th cells	59
infectious peritonitis	58
cancer immunotherapy	58
distemper virus	58
grass carp	58
induce protective	58
electron microscopy	58
viral antigens	58
surface protein	58
draining lymph	58
porcine reproductive	58
passive immunity	58
promising results	58
current status	58
randomised controlled	58
hemorrhagic fever	58
highly attenuated	58
chitosan nanoparticles	58
will require	58
aged years	58
vaccine constructs	58
dna immunization	58
type virus	58
nk cells	58
vaccine clinical	57
human vaccine	57
vaccines using	57
case fatality	57
molecular patterns	57
highly conserved	57
clinical symptoms	57
ebola outbreak	57
virus particles	57
recombinant baculovirus	57
phase trial	57
clinical testing	57
elderly persons	57
nucleic acids	57
closely related	57
provide protection	57
foreign genes	57
national immunization	57
norwalk virus	57
respiratory infections	57
vaccine manufacturing	57
mucosal adjuvant	56
mucosal iga	56
vp protein	56
cell death	56
htl epitopes	56
viral vaccine	56
naked dna	56
room temperature	56
cell receptor	56
randomized controlled	56
bordetella pertussis	56
million deaths	56
may occur	56
prevent infection	56
aids vaccine	56
intranasal vaccination	56
may cause	56
serious adverse	56
protein structure	56
human beings	56
clinical evaluation	56
oral polio	56
general population	56
genetically engineered	55
performed using	55
genetic engineering	55
rna polymerase	55
vaccine doses	55
also known	55
may result	55
vaccine components	55
infectious bronchitis	54
social distancing	54
recognition receptors	54
proinflammatory cytokines	54
target antigen	54
protective antibody	54
capsid proteins	54
confer protection	54
secondary structure	54
transient expression	54
care providers	54
molecular biology	54
coat protein	54
iga antibodies	54
rna virus	54
viral envelope	54
immunization program	53
therapeutic vaccines	53
adjuvanted influenza	53
mumps virus	53
low levels	53
creative commons	53
conventional vaccines	53
monophosphoryl lipid	53
one health	53
expression vector	53
million people	53
polymerase chain	53
neisseria meningitidis	53
serum igg	53
vaccine using	53
will continue	53
passive transfer	53
new technologies	53
life cycle	53
human coronavirus	53
efficacy trials	53
care workers	53
wide variety	53
million doses	53
chain reaction	53
viral pathogens	52
transmissible gastroenteritis	52
membrane proteins	52
mass spectrometry	52
see table	52
cause disease	52
natural killer	52
human immune	52
equine encephalitis	52
oral route	52
rational design	52
protein sequences	52
small animal	52
protective antigens	52
inflammatory cytokines	52
phase trials	52
low cost	52
surface proteins	52
iii clinical	52
national institutes	52
disease severity	52
peripheral blood	52
viral particles	51
plant cells	51
induced immune	51
vaccine dose	51
genetic material	51
high mortality	51
sialic acid	51
immunological memory	51
i ifn	51
vaccine technologies	51
venezuelan equine	51
infectious agent	51
classical swine	51
emerging diseases	51
th responses	51
lymphoid tissues	51
adenovirus vector	51
animal species	50
acid residues	50
dna delivery	50
adjuvant system	50
viral protein	50
enhanced disease	50
recombinant viral	50
will also	50
intranasal delivery	50
serum samples	50
smallpox vaccination	50
cationic liposomes	50
linked immunosorbent	50
virus dna	50
cleavage site	50
viral disease	50
leaf curl	50
universal vaccine	50
mumps vaccine	50
better understanding	50
intramuscular injection	50
human trials	50
cancer cells	49
emergency use	49
efficacy studies	49
rotavirus vaccines	49
vaccines induce	49
vaccine group	49
three doses	49
human rotavirus	49
get vaccinated	49
protein production	49
elderly people	49
cellular response	49
one dose	49
fatality rate	49
immunization coverage	49
pathogenic avian	49
igg antibody	49
field trials	49
safety data	49
cell membrane	49
generation vaccines	49
antiviral activity	49
challenge virus	49
vaccine recipients	49
urgent need	49
pattern recognition	49
virus hemagglutinin	49
cell wall	49
healthy volunteers	49
also used	48
i trial	48
porcine epidemic	48
per cent	48
posted october	48
chadox ncov	48
transgene expression	48
mg kg	48
human respiratory	48
vaccine technology	48
induces protective	48
binding affinity	48
chikungunya virus	48
south america	48
domestic animals	48
animal studies	48
high titers	47
viral entry	47
adenovirus vectors	47
nasal cavity	47
human monoclonal	47
following immunization	47
antigen uptake	47
developing world	47
randomized clinical	47
tetravalent dengue	47
human infection	47
young infants	47
tumor cells	47
nanoparticle vaccine	47
cystic fibrosis	47
effi cacy	47
cell mediated	47
human transmission	47
vaccine products	47
nasal vaccine	47
regulatory agencies	47
see chapter	47
last years	47
cpg odn	47
respiratory distress	47
measles vaccination	47
become available	47
manufacturing process	47
fi rst	47
vaccine produced	47
clinical manifestations	46
diphtheria toxoid	46
carrier protein	46
mortality rates	46
past decade	46
plasma cells	46
health emergency	46
derived vaccines	46
scale production	46
european countries	46
biological products	46
clinical study	46
recombinant viruses	46
next generation	46
pandemic vaccine	46
vaccines produced	46
bone marrow	46
dengue infection	46
pandemic virus	46
immunization schedule	46
virus selection	46
designed vaccine	46
associated molecular	46
viral clearance	45
tlr agonists	45
direct contact	45
three different	45
vaccines expressing	45
current vaccines	45
feline calicivirus	45
vaccine trial	45
gene products	45
epidemic diarrhea	45
latin america	45
human adenovirus	45
novel adjuvants	45
adenoviral vectors	45
vaccine use	45
antibiotic resistance	45
human disease	45
cov infection	45
eff ectiveness	45
calcium phosphate	45
vaccines include	45
expression levels	45
rapid development	45
gastrointestinal tract	45
killed vaccines	45
first time	45
simian immunodeficiency	45
face mask	45
host evolution	45
ctl epitopes	45
human populations	45
nipah virus	45
matrix protein	45
tract disease	45
hiv aids	45
bovine herpesvirus	44
structural protein	44
high titer	44
delivery vehicles	44
developed using	44
nasal delivery	44
neutralizing activity	44
th response	44
recombinant virus	44
severe covid	44
equine influenza	44
every year	44
chimpanzee adenovirus	44
recombinant dna	44
clinical data	44
vaccine evolution	44
neutralising antibodies	44
virus shedding	44
responses elicited	44
inflammatory responses	44
particle size	44
necrosis factor	44
peer review	44
chronic diseases	44
protective effect	44
disease enhancement	44
vaccination may	44
cpg motifs	44
respiratory illness	44
gene gun	44
pharmaceutical companies	43
global influenza	43
also reported	43
many vaccines	43
based influenza	43
final vaccine	43
international license	43
endemic areas	43
will likely	43
intranasal vaccines	43
new approaches	43
widespread use	43
response induced	43
immune memory	43
dengue fever	43
also found	43
vaccinia ankara	43
aluminum adjuvants	43
vaccine adverse	43
virulent ndv	43
enhanced immune	43
smallpox vaccines	43
measles vaccines	43
health authorities	43
previous studies	43
common cold	42
vaccine developed	42
may require	42
feline panleukopenia	42
african green	42
statistically significant	42
immune systems	42
factors associated	42
also observed	42
may help	42
safety issues	42
vaccination guidelines	42
mucosal vaccination	42
immune activation	42
genetic diversity	42
tumor necrosis	42
broadly protective	42
chicken eggs	42
serum antibodies	42
combination vaccines	42
vaccine protection	42
lessons learned	42
current vaccine	42
purified inactivated	42
bronchitis virus	42
causative agent	42
primary infection	42
will provide	42
memory cells	41
different vaccine	41
cell immunity	41
rabies vaccination	41
rubella vaccine	41
virus entry	41
genome sequence	41
existing vaccines	41
african countries	41
recombinant subunit	41
human coronaviruses	41
least one	41
vaccine industry	41
human services	41
human infections	41
rv infection	41
routine immunization	41
phase iib	41
cytokine production	41
million cases	41
recent developments	41
sequence analysis	41
vaccines encoding	41
heterologous prime	41
open reading	41
sars cov	41
bacillus calmette	41
new generation	41
southeast asia	41
iii trial	41
active immunization	41
two groups	41
tertiary structure	40
available vaccines	40
dna plasmid	40
highly contagious	40
placebo group	40
preliminary report	40
vaccine showed	40
rna vaccines	40
challenge infection	40
vector expressing	40
protein gene	40
protein antigen	40
natural immunity	40
vaccine groups	40
converting enzyme	40
transgenic tobacco	40
adenoviral vector	40
develop vaccines	40
polio virus	40
near future	40
viral challenge	40
boost vaccination	40
healthy individuals	40
inflammatory response	40
adults aged	40
th century	40
feline leukemia	40
bcg vaccine	40
whole cell	40
novel vaccines	40
tract infections	40
virus vectors	40
major cause	40
robust immune	40
data suggest	40
convalescent plasma	39
days post	39
product development	39
determine whether	39
immunosorbent assay	39
systems biology	39
based adjuvants	39
vector system	39
influenza strains	39
emerging viruses	39
immunoinformatics approach	39
neutralization titers	39
geometric mean	39
diagnostic tests	39
results showed	39
vaccines currently	39
swine influenza	39
autoimmune disease	39
immunity induced	39
vaccine responses	39
molecular docking	39
developing vaccines	39
vectors expressing	39
ii trials	39
bursal disease	39
rsv infection	39
partial protection	39
cell immune	39
maternal immunization	39
baculovirus expression	39
significant difference	39
bcg vaccination	39
case study	39
th type	39
pertussis vaccines	39
leading cause	39
leukemia virus	39
mononuclear cells	38
web server	38
west african	38
new adjuvants	38
virus neutralization	38
booster dose	38
spike proteins	38
expression level	38
systemic immunity	38
canine visceral	38
small intestine	38
disease outbreaks	38
potent immune	38
antibiotic use	38
vaccinated mice	38
regulatory approval	38
vaccines date	38
improve vaccine	38
intranasal vaccine	38
zoster virus	38
controlled trials	38
confers protection	38
adult immunization	38
gastroenteritis virus	38
challenge model	38
vaccination rates	38
economic losses	38
past years	38
good manufacturing	38
epidemic preparedness	38
ctl responses	38
vaccine available	38
transgenic mice	38
infectious bursal	37
promising vaccine	37
based subunit	37
immunological response	37
capsular polysaccharide	37
coronavirus vaccines	37
papilloma virus	37
ramachandran plot	37
hbv vaccine	37
two major	37
health problem	37
specific humoral	37
cytokine storm	37
type ii	37
infected patients	37
traditional vaccines	37
healthy children	37
less likely	37
borrelia burgdorferi	37
currently licensed	37
newly emerging	37
passive immunization	37
control study	37
bacillus anthracis	37
viral shedding	37
immunogenic proteins	37
clinical use	37
post vaccination	37
physicochemical properties	37
ace receptor	37
vaccines targeting	37
also showed	37
rv vaccine	37
adenovirus serotype	37
antigenic variation	37
vaccine response	37
weight loss	37
lactic acid	36
lassa fever	36
helper cells	36
viral antigen	36
human subjects	36
sexually transmitted	36
membrane fusion	36
animal rule	36
diseases caused	36
type immune	36
health systems	36
recombinant newcastle	36
vaccine provides	36
daily risk	36
protein expressed	36
significantly reduced	36
antibodies directed	36
ad vector	36
vaccines used	36
cells via	36
relatively low	36
mediated protection	36
protein kinase	36
antiviral drugs	36
herpes virus	36
rsv disease	36
acid sequence	36
phylogenetic analysis	36
cancer vaccine	36
virus transmission	36
target population	36
broad range	36
chimeric multiepitope	36
saudi arabia	36
cholera vaccine	36
ndv strains	36
porcine circovirus	36
within days	36
will help	36
inactivated poliovirus	36
induced higher	36
virus envelope	36
bovine viral	36
rna vaccine	36
infect humans	36
cotton rats	36
associated coronavirus	35
dependent rna	35
elderly population	35
based approaches	35
term protection	35
nasal mucosa	35
vaccination campaigns	35
staphylococcus aureus	35
based delivery	35
cell memory	35
cell proliferation	35
higher risk	35
negatively charged	35
attenuated strain	35
vaccine studies	35
prime boost	35
virus vector	35
pandemic vaccines	35
mucosal immunization	35
global public	35
vaccine alone	35
coronavirus infections	35
sterilizing immunity	35
production process	35
human papilloma	35
therapeutic vaccine	35
induced immunity	35
may induce	35
cell types	35
using different	35
adult volunteers	35
vaccine potency	35
clinical efficacy	35
blood pressure	35
children younger	35
adventitious agents	35
randomized trial	35
rotavirus infection	35
st century	35
serial passage	35
previously described	35
quality control	35
poliovirus vaccine	35
modified mrna	35
human volunteers	35
also shown	35
large numbers	35
currently used	35
cell entry	35
national vaccine	34
lethal infection	34
structure prediction	34
vaccine elicits	34
vaccines available	34
veterinary practice	34
plant viruses	34
cd cd	34
vaccine product	34
virus genome	34
drug discovery	34
attenuated measles	34
many different	34
several studies	34
specific antigens	34
protective antibodies	34
high prevalence	34
first century	34
companion animal	34
vaccine doi	34
human cells	34
expression vectors	34
cohort study	34
vaccine market	34
canine adenovirus	34
short period	34
common carp	34
cell receptors	34
first vaccine	34
veterinary use	34
controlled phase	34
molecular dynamics	34
results suggest	34
helicobacter pylori	34
mice vaccinated	34
attenuated vaccinia	34
type iii	34
protein vaccines	34
nd vaccines	34
short time	34
mammalian cell	34
i trials	34
lc mo	34
pneumococcal disease	34
using recombinant	34
control measures	34
inactivated polio	34
vaccine protein	34
gold nanoparticle	34
production capacity	34
specific neutralizing	34
drug resistance	34
vaccine targets	34
attenuated viruses	34
surface glycoprotein	34
genetic stability	34
like illness	33
mucosal sites	33
adjuvant systems	33
efficacy trial	33
envelope proteins	33
tract infection	33
virus like	33
ii molecules	33
tobacco plants	33
id delivery	33
several vaccine	33
induce strong	33
gene encoding	33
dengue vaccines	33
cytokine responses	33
nucleotide sequence	33
respiratory diseases	33
will depend	33
next pandemic	33
vaccine delivered	33
marker vaccines	33
vero cell	33
clinical features	33
water emulsion	33
aluminium hydroxide	33
several years	33
i interferon	33
vaccination campaign	33
target populations	33
acid vaccines	33
plasma membrane	33
mmr vaccination	33
feline immunodeficiency	33
among others	33
responses following	33
two vaccines	33
foreign antigens	33
binding protein	33
growth factor	33
disease vaccine	33
potent adjuvant	33
mrna delivery	33
mycobacterium bovis	33
taken together	33
available online	33
coverage among	33
less immunogenic	33
studies showed	33
distress syndrome	33
live oral	33
aluminum phosphate	33
th immune	32
mucosal delivery	32
viral respiratory	32
safety monitoring	32
based vectors	32
prophylactic vaccine	32
candidate antigens	32
long time	32
risk assessment	32
reverse transcriptase	32
oral cholera	32
bacille calmette	32
lymphocyte responses	32
virulence factors	32
united nations	32
murine model	32
events following	32
significant reduction	32
emerging infections	32
neuraminidase inhibitors	32
global burden	32
flu vaccine	32
pandemic potential	32
ipv du	32
zoonotic diseases	32
licensed vaccine	32
mask use	32
early life	32
medical care	32
lasting immunity	32
major role	32
cell subsets	32
large quantities	32
nasal secretions	32
lymphoid cells	32
genes encoding	32
iga responses	32
first year	32
primary care	32
vaccine approach	32
derived vaccine	32
will allow	32
economic evaluation	32
ha protein	32
vaccine evaluation	32
health services	32
based approach	32
secretory iga	32
european union	32
plga nanoparticles	32
broad spectrum	32
th th	32
two types	32
safety studies	32
complete genome	31
randomised trial	31
older children	31
genetic immunization	31
codon optimization	31
iga antibody	31
codon adaptation	31
poorly immunogenic	31
human metapneumovirus	31
infectious virus	31
cov vaccine	31
molecular farming	31
mhc i	31
sanofi pasteur	31
clinical practice	31
action plan	31
plant cell	31
specific immunity	31
signaling pathways	31
viral genes	31
embryonated chicken	31
field trial	31
respiratory pathogens	31
circumsporozoite protein	31
combination vaccine	31
health workers	31
embryonated eggs	31
fold higher	31
two weeks	31
vaccine strategy	31
canine rabies	31
saharan africa	31
mlv vaccines	31
antigenic shift	31
six months	31
codon usage	31
immune correlates	31
canarypox virus	31
dose sparing	31
veterinary vaccine	31
circulating viruses	31
cov spike	31
may become	31
reading frame	31
becomes available	31
latam countries	31
vaccine carriers	31
specific cellular	31
recombinant hepatitis	31
bacterial infections	31
infected cats	31
vaccine licensure	31
infection may	31
study showed	31
plant virus	31
memory cd	31
close contact	31
protect mice	30
antigen production	30
feline herpesvirus	30
hendra virus	30
immunization safety	30
studies using	30
efficacy data	30
immunodefi ciency	30
viral diarrhea	30
pseudorabies virus	30
results obtained	30
sequence similarity	30
field conditions	30
new influenza	30
new coronavirus	30
human studies	30
circulating strains	30
tuberculosis vaccine	30
homologous virus	30
critical role	30
cause severe	30
large amounts	30
conserved epitopes	30
events associated	30
culture systems	30
one vaccine	30
manufacturing capacity	30
vaccines developed	30
subcellular location	30
different antigens	30
blood samples	30
trained immunity	30
hydrogen bonds	30
confirmed cases	30
surveillance data	30
cancer therapy	30
urgently needed	30
tomato leaf	30
first dose	30
labile enterotoxin	30
clinical applications	30
rna genome	30
infectious bovine	30
vaccine developers	30
high degree	30
private sector	30
highly virulent	30
breast cancer	30
enhance immune	30
rv vaccines	30
hi antibody	30
kidney cells	30
highly efficient	30
bivalent vaccine	29
well established	29
much less	29
crucial role	29
transcription factor	29
based nanoparticles	29
virus causes	29
blood mononuclear	29
disease incidence	29
bacterial pathogens	29
immune tolerance	29
translation efficiency	29
challenge study	29
may include	29
ii trial	29
environmental factors	29
human cases	29
competing interests	29
multiepitope vaccine	29
i study	29
gc content	29
medrxiv preprint	29
viral capsid	29
examples include	29
ndv vector	29
human antibody	29
virus isolates	29
global pandemic	29
key role	29
new zealand	29
immune receptors	29
live viral	29
day post	29
binding site	29
research institute	29
booster vaccination	29
enhanced immunogenicity	29
hpv vaccines	29
vaccine contains	29
antigen processing	29
vaccine targeting	29
adjuvant formulations	29
gut microbiota	29
modern vaccines	29
host response	29
glycolic acid	29
concerns regarding	29
another important	29
virus neutralizing	29
early stage	29
study design	29
different vaccines	29
also demonstrated	29
scientific evidence	29
vaccines administered	29
significantly increased	29
innate lymphoid	29
animal vaccines	29
healthy people	29
based adjuvant	29
naturally acquired	28
cd cells	28
may need	28
pneumococcal vaccine	28
surface glycoproteins	28
per dose	28
less effective	28
will become	28
effective immune	28
mediated responses	28
communicable diseases	28
chick embryo	28
health security	28
intestinal epithelial	28
economically important	28
transfection efficiency	28
peptide vaccines	28
synthetic peptides	28
human pathogens	28
supplementary table	28
confirmed influenza	28
robust humoral	28
pandemic preparedness	28
health system	28
high affinity	28
mouse models	28
wild animals	28
every years	28
two main	28
safety profiles	28
health officials	28
novel approaches	28
targeted delivery	28
vaccine recommendations	28
rheumatoid arthritis	28
glycoconjugate vaccines	28
vaccine preparation	28
antigen discovery	28
bovine rhinotracheitis	28
development efforts	28
relatively high	28
scientific community	28
vaccine given	28
mucosal surface	28
viral titer	28
regulatory pathways	28
specific antigen	28
pharmaceutical industry	28
antigenic proteins	28
aliphatic index	28
ex vivo	28
meningococcal disease	28
phase study	28
limited number	28
immune evasion	28
varicella zoster	28
core vaccine	28
vaccine also	28
routine vaccination	28
cells expressing	28
prophylactic vaccines	28
green monkeys	28
respiratory viral	28
dengue viruses	28
varicella vaccine	28
id vaccination	28
delivery vehicle	28
affinity maturation	27
antigenic diversity	27
influenza surveillance	27
fatal disease	27
delivery methods	27
bovine serum	27
control animals	27
hemagglutination inhibition	27
naturally infected	27
display technology	27
industrialized countries	27
pulmonary disease	27
bioinformatics tools	27
delta inulin	27
increasing number	27
vaccinated dogs	27
significantly lower	27
two decades	27
significant increase	27
phage particles	27
severe influenza	27
trivalent inactivated	27
epidemiological studies	27
three times	27
intranasal influenza	27
another approach	27
antiviral agents	27
vaccination using	27
specific iga	27
terminal domain	27
failure rate	27
ns protein	27
molecular mechanisms	27
first licensed	27
study group	27
whole inactivated	27
soluble protein	27
clostridium difficile	27
intranasal route	27
protective effects	27
rapid response	27
barre syndrome	27
acid sequences	27
intensive care	27
cynomolgus macaques	27
northern hemisphere	27
anthrax vaccine	27
evidence suggests	27
immunity may	27
marburg virus	27
carp virus	27
higher antibody	27
endoplasmic reticulum	27
studies suggest	27
systems vaccinology	27
echo chambers	27
target antigens	27
gates foundation	27
immunization strategies	27
health professionals	27
preexisting immunity	27
polio eradication	27
recombinant measles	27
vaccines contain	27
successfully used	27
polymeric nanoparticles	27
also important	27
controlled clinical	27
predicted using	27
protective response	27
policy makers	27
economic burden	27
surface antigens	27
serum institute	27
several advantages	27
commercial vaccine	26
vaccines provide	26
aluminum salts	26
acquired immunity	26
induce high	26
machine learning	26
reactive antibodies	26
severe respiratory	26
specific vaccines	26
structural basis	26
ii study	26
vaccination programme	26
human cytomegalovirus	26
potential impact	26
many studies	26
vaccines must	26
vp gene	26
different approaches	26
recombinant human	26
based oral	26
american academy	26
vaccine construction	26
animals vaccinated	26
vaccinia viruses	26
virus proteins	26
intracellular pathogens	26
lipid nanoparticle	26
ebola vaccines	26
human diploid	26
vaccine must	26
i studies	26
routine use	26
virus isolated	26
potential use	26
plant vaccines	26
infections caused	26
infectious pathogens	26
thymidine kinase	26
virus may	26
broadly reactive	26
disease may	26
task force	26
childhood vaccination	26
multiple vaccines	26
significant differences	26
virus rna	26
immunogenic properties	26
vaccine elicited	26
future covid	26
messenger rna	26
immunized animals	26
yersinia pestis	26
danger signals	26
high dose	26
filamentous phages	26
health interventions	26
dna technology	26
adenovirus vaccine	26
plant species	26
recommended vaccines	26
envelope glycoproteins	26
vaccinated pigs	26
much higher	26
influenza epidemics	26
enhance immunogenicity	26
ad vectors	26
year later	26
heat shock	26
poor immunogenicity	26
risks associated	26
viral surface	26
following infection	26
antigenic determinants	26
new cases	26
vaccine used	26
human parainfluenza	26
rna interference	26
nicotiana benthamiana	26
multiple doses	26
toxoplasma gondii	26
instability index	26
containing vaccines	26
cell vaccines	26
heterologous antigens	26
coli heat	26
specific cytotoxic	26
active immunity	25
sense rna	25
protease inhibitor	25
dna sequence	25
ciency virus	25
smallpox eradication	25
informed consent	25
newborn calves	25
epitope peptide	25
successful vaccine	25
mass production	25
trivalent influenza	25
term immunity	25
block copolymers	25
vaccination programmes	25
intellectual property	25
trimethyl chitosan	25
vaccine field	25
lasting protection	25
endemic countries	25
antiviral drug	25
recombinant ha	25
acute viral	25
time pcr	25
new virus	25
virus recombinant	25
positively charged	25
induce robust	25
real time	25
time points	25
inducing protective	25
commons attribution	25
currently circulating	25
vector control	25
different doses	25
polio vaccines	25
rapid production	25
target protein	25
virulent virus	25
nonstructural protein	25
medicinal products	25
virus isolation	25
risk conditions	25
secreting cells	25
risk communication	25
vaccine intent	25
social norms	25
weeks later	25
germinal center	25
hpv infection	25
mediated dna	25
adjuvants may	25
single immunization	25
sars vaccines	25
zoonotic disease	25
regulatory requirements	25
stimulatory molecules	25
parenteral administration	25
labile toxin	25
antimicrobial resistance	25
primary immune	25
healthy adult	25
hazmat suits	25
pdm vaccine	25
childhood immunization	25
reverse transcription	25
foreign proteins	25
immunization policy	25
specific primers	25
neuraminidase inhibitor	25
future vaccine	25
mumps outbreaks	25
cell repertoire	25
vaccine discovery	25
per day	25
current recommendation	25
strong antibody	25
good safety	25
intradermal vaccination	25
including vaccines	25
rotavirus vaccination	25
specific vaccine	25
test results	25
id injection	25
avian species	24
low dose	24
least two	24
family members	24
two vaccine	24
novel influenza	24
vaccinology approach	24
showed high	24
vaccine availability	24
polyethylene glycol	24
cellular uptake	24
reuse allowed	24
protein sequence	24
ovo vaccination	24
type strategy	24
sars patients	24
influenza pandemics	24
vaccine regimen	24
melinda gates	24
cmv promoter	24
vectored covid	24
disease progression	24
preventive health	24
tumor antigens	24
necrotic enteritis	24
reported cases	24
signaling pathway	24
nursing homes	24
bordetella bronchiseptica	24
recombinant vector	24
induces neutralizing	24
alveolar macrophages	24
european medicines	24
future outbreaks	24
ideal vaccine	24
health impact	24
swine flu	24
antibodies elicited	24
protective levels	24
vaccine preparations	24
great potential	24
replicating viral	24
decision making	24
cells using	24
influenza virosomes	24
increased levels	24
pdb id	24
adjuvant action	24
deaths per	24
virus titers	24
mers coronavirus	24
open access	24
synthetic peptide	24
mva genome	24
yf vaccine	24
surface area	24
vertical transmission	24
recombinant influenza	24
ibv vaccine	24
relative immunogenicity	24
several months	24
pneumococcal vaccination	24
term care	24
genome sequencing	24
vaccine carrier	24
also induced	24
multivalent vaccines	24
allowed without	24
genital tract	24
candidate sars	24
cynomolgus monkeys	24
oral rotavirus	24
full length	24
two studies	24
particular vaccine	24
seasonal vaccines	24
cd cytotoxic	24
protective capacity	24
hypersensitivity reactions	24
associated adverse	24
respiratory symptoms	24
killed virus	24
better understand	24
fold increase	24
protection protocols	24
brighton collaboration	24
responses compared	24
future vaccines	24
protein subunit	24
fully synthetic	24
acute phase	24
another example	24
surface charge	24
without permission	24
vast majority	24
prospective study	24
recent progress	24
vaccine distribution	24
guinea pig	24
bovine rotavirus	24
carrier proteins	24
fusion proteins	24
plant derived	24
parainfluenza viruses	24
point mutations	24
patients infected	24
immune stimulation	24
barr virus	24
improved vaccines	24
antigenic epitopes	24
takes place	24
three types	24
adjuvant properties	24
global eradication	24
respiratory infection	24
stranded dna	23
disease surveillance	23
will lead	23
preventable disease	23
attenuated salmonella	23
bovine respiratory	23
effective mucosal	23
population coverage	23
severe dengue	23
positive results	23
core vaccination	23
cultured cells	23
us food	23
vaccine applications	23
vaccination schedule	23
viruses expressing	23
collaborative study	23
democratic republic	23
completely protected	23
epitope database	23
may affect	23
rubella vaccination	23
infected cell	23
domestic cats	23
economic impact	23
years later	23
recombinant modified	23
elicit protective	23
mhc ii	23
different species	23
experimental infection	23
transgenic potato	23
trial design	23
specific memory	23
immune epitope	23
health service	23
infected persons	23
binding sites	23
recombinant antigen	23
foreign antigen	23
cell type	23
vaccines need	23
south korea	23
nasal immunization	23
first report	23
delivery using	23
hiv gp	23
enterotoxigenic escherichia	23
used successfully	23
one year	23
vaccine introduction	23
disease transmission	23
health assembly	23
mva vaccine	23
measles cases	23
significantly enhanced	23
strong humoral	23
antiretroviral therapy	23
vaccination intent	23
acceptable safety	23
prostate cancer	23
rationally designed	23
tobacco mosaic	23
annual influenza	23
trial safety	23
ha gene	23
mucosal routes	23
cell membranes	23
candidate subunit	23
mumps outbreak	23
reporting system	23
pig model	23
refined models	23
medicines agency	23
manufacturing practice	23
administered orally	23
new drug	23
vaccine advisory	23
necrosis virus	23
prevent disease	23
valent pneumococcal	23
plant material	23
first step	23
preclinical development	23
maternally derived	23
major challenge	23
cell suspension	23
glutamic acid	23
fatality rates	23
orally administered	23
efficient vaccine	23
several factors	23
mediated gene	23
genetic information	23
epidemiologic studies	23
plant tissue	23
vaccine action	23
health concern	23
control groups	23
diseases like	23
rational vaccine	23
systemic antibody	23
systemic reactions	23
new insights	23
dna prime	23
koi herpesvirus	23
lung injury	23
total number	23
replication incompetent	23
purifi ed	23
previously vaccinated	23
preclinical trials	23
cell substrates	23
immune cell	23
vaccines doi	22
based dna	22
foreign protein	22
recombinant vesicular	22
vaccination status	22
animals immunized	22
etiologic agent	22
vaccine among	22
administered intranasally	22
environmental conditions	22
protective responses	22
tissue tropism	22
lethal dose	22
intestinal iga	22
well known	22
north american	22
intramuscular administration	22
several different	22
climate change	22
study also	22
antigenic sites	22
sample size	22
gene segments	22
nasal route	22
tlr ligands	22
antigen dose	22
last decade	22
circovirus type	22
intradermal delivery	22
vaccine designed	22
without adjuvant	22
vaccine manufacture	22
cyprinus carpio	22
adult vaccine	22
will take	22
salivary protein	22
unmethylated cpg	22
rnase treated	22
clinical benefit	22
liquid chromatography	22
immunity following	22
seed virus	22
antibodies induced	22
peptide binding	22
human cell	22
clinical characteristics	22
cell vaccine	22
also play	22
enveloped viruses	22
current knowledge	22
many parts	22
often used	22
health outcomes	22
killer cells	22
short term	22
serum albumin	22
potential role	22
vaccine confidence	22
severe cases	22
rates among	22
alternative approach	22
nasal vaccines	22
induce neutralizing	22
mhc molecules	22
companion animals	22
type diabetes	22
low level	22
become infected	22
develop new	22
protein vp	22
blood cells	22
experimental vaccine	22
will enable	22
immune complex	22
safety evaluation	22
vaccine types	22
sars outbreak	22
genome sequences	22
primary vaccination	22
coverage rates	22
new era	22
traditional vaccine	22
may reduce	22
nonhuman primate	22
vaccine might	22
mice infected	22
associated virus	22
langerhans cells	22
md simulation	22
also called	22
commercial vaccines	22
systemic lupus	22
one might	22
mrna translation	22
mumps infection	22
potent neutralizing	22
high antibody	22
pseudomonas aeruginosa	22
commons license	22
findings suggest	22
clostridium perfringens	22
preparedness innovations	22
national regulatory	22
epitope subunit	22
antibody titre	22
mucosal antibody	22
protein genes	22
administered vaccines	22
healthcare professionals	22
vaccination protocols	22
neonatal tetanus	22
ill patients	22
seroconversion rates	22
core antigen	21
lupus erythematosus	21
cationic lipid	21
interferon gamma	21
years age	21
percentile rank	21
virus outbreak	21
resistant strains	21
medical research	21
must also	21
immunization services	21
four serotypes	21
acute infection	21
old age	21
vaccine study	21
induced high	21
coat proteins	21
virus clearance	21
per capita	21
enveloped virus	21
antigenic sin	21
th cell	21
desired immune	21
significant role	21
hospital admissions	21
therapeutic cancer	21
chicken embryo	21
young animals	21
appropriate animal	21
early stages	21
different adjuvants	21
viruses may	21
information regarding	21
nobel prize	21
induce potent	21
cases per	21
attenuated dengue	21
nonstructural proteins	21
study demonstrated	21
phase iv	21
sars virus	21
lung disease	21
risk factor	21
infection control	21
ha stalk	21
i molecules	21
bevs platform	21
natural host	21
controlled human	21
may contribute	21
phase studies	21
global immunization	21
malaria vaccines	21
current pandemic	21
significant impact	21
poorest countries	21
survival rate	21
viral titers	21
depot effect	21
exposure prophylaxis	21
following administration	21
available data	21
problems associated	21
binding energy	21
critically ill	21
poultry industry	21
final product	21
human serum	21
sore throat	21
hla class	21
vaccine composition	21
natural exposure	21
plga nps	21
tissue damage	21
western blot	21
cell pertussis	21
theoretical pi	21
twentieth century	21
supportive care	21
vaccine growth	21
igg response	21
efficacious vaccines	21
immunocompromised individuals	21
immunogenicity study	21
reading frames	21
lipid nanoparticles	21
response following	21
recombinant sars	21
within weeks	21
causes severe	21
induce humoral	21
broad protection	21
data collection	21
mass immunization	21
additional studies	21
eukaryotic cells	21
million children	21
hydroxide adjuvant	21
lethal influenza	21
experimental animals	21
cov challenge	21
experimental challenge	21
zika vaccine	21
may play	21
filamentous phage	21
genomic islands	21
several days	21
global spread	21
provides protection	21
ongoing clinical	21
development programs	21
challenge trials	21
aluminium salts	21
novel adjuvant	21
genetic changes	21
peritonitis virus	21
split vaccine	21
gene product	21
south african	21
protease inhibitors	21
expanded programme	21
human host	21
potential vaccines	21
cell populations	21
maternal immunity	21
effective vaccination	21
much lower	21
biologically active	21
human dendritic	21
different strains	21
dna plasmids	21
older individuals	21
immunological responses	21
alternative approaches	21
im administration	21
hi titers	21
several countries	21
many diseases	21
sierra leone	21
lassa virus	21
protein complex	21
tlr ligand	21
based vaccination	21
based peptide	21
potential risk	21
whole genome	21
medical countermeasures	21
current state	21
nasal vaccination	21
viral strains	20
virus vaccination	20
also provide	20
severe illness	20
safe vaccine	20
glycoprotein gene	20
adult vaccination	20
time rt	20
severe adverse	20
sendai virus	20
signal peptide	20
induced protection	20
studies will	20
immune mechanisms	20
gavi alliance	20
administered via	20
ethical issues	20
human immunology	20
end point	20
comprehensive review	20
vaccine shortages	20
muscle cells	20
invasive pneumococcal	20
develop effective	20
influenza hemagglutinin	20
gnotobiotic pigs	20
infl ammatory	20
target gene	20
analysis showed	20
target cell	20
shock protein	20
developing new	20
many infectious	20
post infection	20
cmv infection	20
containing vaccine	20
borne encephalitis	20
ten years	20
high vaccination	20
hematopoietic necrosis	20
use authorization	20
vaccine consisting	20
alum adjuvant	20
one example	20
pneumonic plague	20
therapeutic options	20
vivo electroporation	20
clinical research	20
antigenic variants	20
vaccinated children	20
emerging pathogen	20
sustainable development	20
adoptive transfer	20
one way	20
protected mice	20
pregnant cattle	20
chimeric virus	20
influenza immunization	20
epitope mapping	20
bacterial toxins	20
risk populations	20
molecular epidemiology	20
infected people	20
original antigenic	20
infection rates	20
influenza infections	20
clinical management	20
high doses	20
also developed	20
animal viruses	20
silico approach	20
bovine parainfluenza	20
mrna sequence	20
although many	20
economic loss	20
research groups	20
chronic obstructive	20
promising approach	20
cells may	20
specific pathogen	20
among infants	20
among different	20
purified vaccine	20
hiv vaccines	20
clinical safety	20
disease outbreak	20
ad vaccine	20
encouraging results	20
first isolated	20
booster doses	20
total soluble	20
process development	20
endemic area	20
induced antibodies	20
blood products	20
potential benefits	20
iii study	20
two years	20
local inflammation	20
adverse side	20
induce protection	20
effector cells	20
biological properties	20
technology transfer	20
local reactions	20
current study	20
target species	20
will ultimately	20
highly efficacious	20
healthy subjects	20
nd vaccine	20
endothelial cells	20
protein synthesis	20
entered phase	20
haemorrhagic fever	20
antibodies specific	20
virus core	20
major public	20
antigens may	20
synthetic vaccines	20
filamentous bacteriophage	20
immune surveillance	20
virus induced	20
care facilities	20
immune recognition	20
disease spread	20
helper cell	20
vaccine compared	20
potential therapeutic	20
multiple antigens	20
attenuated viral	20
immunological studies	20
bacterial vaccines	20
study participants	20
major concern	20
early warning	20
first vaccination	20
animal populations	20
vector immunity	20
people using	20
influenza type	20
memory responses	20
york city	20
boost regimen	20
general public	20
nlrp inflammasome	20
plasmids encoding	20
nasal administration	20