This is a list of all the questions and their associated study carrel identifiers. One can learn a lot of the "aboutness" of a text simply by reading the questions.
| identifier | question |
|---|---|
| work_2don3o3plvdkpntjuzaebvikf4 | An obvious question remains: is it possible to faithfully reconstruct constitu- tional reasoning in science in terms of NDC? |
| work_2n7rvvpewbcxtnsuc5hfmcbnzi | , An, what are the narrowest bounds that can be placed on the probability of some other proposition B? |
| work_24maaek4ovc4bk7sqy3il6xh4m | 3 The conjecture and the argument What is the conjecture, then? |
| work_53tdu6q3zrfqbaonr3zhh7edwm | Maybe these links could help you? |
| work_24p5uqlbsbe7dptlt3dgypljfu | What is a mechanism? |
| work_24p5uqlbsbe7dptlt3dgypljfu | the default Linux version) of the shred program is` return ok? |
| work_2sfmwbbrdfflznayz2scykzqqq | “ What Ever Happened to Project Bamboo? ” Literary and Linguistic Computing 29( 3): 326–39. |
| work_44hg474jefe4bi7nqba4l5f7sy | So who is higher on the evolutionary ladder, mammals or birds? |
| work_4q3grgxsoragbmqku4zr6cnvcy | 1 1 What is a gauge theory? |
| work_4q3grgxsoragbmqku4zr6cnvcy | � What price spacetime substantivalism? � British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 38:515 � 525. |
| work_34yo4a765bfnzdj6qgux645ar4 | Who Was Bogdanov? |
| work_3xxhy2hklbhwtaua3prq2lvyzq | S. Haslanger,"What is a( Social) Structural Explanation?" |
| work_2jcvsxf77ncxflficodprhjjyy | Hankinson Nelson, Lynn( 1990), Who Knows? |
| work_2jcvsxf77ncxflficodprhjjyy | Lacey, Hugh( 1999), Is Science Value Free? |
| work_2jcvsxf77ncxflficodprhjjyy | Longino, Helen( 1987), “ Can There Be a Feminist Science? ”, in Ann Garry and Marilyn Pearsall( eds. |
| work_2qze6a66irgypp7vtlyf6hwoca | Is it just a coincidence that the distinctions coincide? |
| work_2q2ywzf3i5eproowbkqcu4kxv4 | Where do preferences come from? |
| work_2q2ywzf3i5eproowbkqcu4kxv4 | Where does this leave us with regards to RTM? |
| work_5gbauw5zsbdmnmtiy4ywhgtjve | What is a Singularity in Geometrized Newtonian Gravitation? |
| work_5gbauw5zsbdmnmtiy4ywhgtjve | What is a singularity in general relativity? |
| work_3fygvbul25cwbe3astez4jygxq | Stoga je osnovno Kantovo pitanje: Kako su mogući univerzalni sintetički iskazi a priori? |
| work_3fygvbul25cwbe3astez4jygxq | Žašto tek naknadno proučavanje, zašto tek naknadne analize? |
| work_54ojb2scxfb6hkbpz3ptn2cdby | Although MT= 1 is a 6 r r r? |
| work_54ojb2scxfb6hkbpz3ptn2cdby | In light of the examples, should we just give up on these intuitions? |
| work_5o6fhji5yrh4xkecywtfw7us3a | [ 9] Manchak, John( 2009), “ Is Spacetime Hole- Free? ”, General Relativity and Gravitation, forthcoming. |
| work_2zrfn4adnfddjhhga3ofhherea | Why Study Philosophy Here? |
| work_3x5qxbcxz5fidg5ehk5g6o3ck4 | Why Study Philosophy Here? |
| work_45x5k7murzgspnobjbjrlrtday | 4 Rigidity to the Rescue? |
| work_45x5k7murzgspnobjbjrlrtday | But which should I pick? |
| work_45x5k7murzgspnobjbjrlrtday | Why? |
| work_5ufuhjwaarhednd2gjujbzocg4 | 568- 582] Is There a Dutch Book Argument for Probability Kinematics? |
| work_5ufuhjwaarhednd2gjujbzocg4 | Why is it that we accept( I) as a good argument to the best explanation while we reject( II) and( III)? |
| work_3uvxsxns3fafldsj5wnfkihmh4 | However, do physicians and patients really commit a fallacy? |
| work_3uvxsxns3fafldsj5wnfkihmh4 | “ Do We Need Some Large, Simple Randomized Trials in Medicine? ” In EPSA Philosophical Issues in the Sciences, ed. |
| work_3uvxsxns3fafldsj5wnfkihmh4 | “ When Can Odds Ratios Mislead? ” British Medical Journal 317:1155–56. |
| work_33zfmlpop5evhlx53zmi7z2bg4 | But is this analysis correct? |
| work_4quaxedeafdwzmvtx5nivlkqri | Can old love be re- kindled, after many decades of separation? |
| work_4quaxedeafdwzmvtx5nivlkqri | Should the current meeting of logic and philosophy of science be cast in terms of consequence relations like abduction? |
| work_4quaxedeafdwzmvtx5nivlkqri | So, how harmless are combined abductive- deductive systems for perfect reasoners? |
| work_2svqu2frzfaijesumt4efpunpq | How do things work in the deductive case? |
| work_2svqu2frzfaijesumt4efpunpq | How do we justify the general rules of deductive logic? |
| work_2svqu2frzfaijesumt4efpunpq | [ 14] Carnap, Rudolf( manuscript), How can induction be justified? |
| work_2svqu2frzfaijesumt4efpunpq | [ 16] Gettier, Edmund L.( 1963), Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? |
| work_2ciunllnsbbwvcpjcqrcb6pdme | Does gradually increasing the number of edges between agents in the population gradually change the shape of the basin of attraction? |
| work_2ciunllnsbbwvcpjcqrcb6pdme | For example, how does adding new edges to a social network affect the basin of attraction? |
| work_2ciunllnsbbwvcpjcqrcb6pdme | What difference does it make if all agents in the population employ the same learning rule? |
| work_2rs3tphqtfegddeulwle7cf5ki | So why should we worry about this as a case of underdetermination? |
| work_2rs3tphqtfegddeulwle7cf5ki | “ Does Every Theory Have Empirically Equivalent Rivals? ”. |
| work_2rs3tphqtfegddeulwle7cf5ki | “ What ’s New about the New Induction? ” Synthese, 148(2), 295- 301. |
| work_5ktivqq4nbfclhtnjcjku2lglm | Why Study Philosophy Here? |
| work_5yrnpm4iifbxpocgloncw7f6ey | Can We Get Causes from Statistics? |
| work_5yrnpm4iifbxpocgloncw7f6ey | Can Z and Y be causally connected on a route that excludes X? |
| work_44us6yyufvee5htyhx6crqhohi | 680- 703] Discussion Are There Material Objects in Bohm''s Theory? |
| work_44us6yyufvee5htyhx6crqhohi | Finkel, Adam M.( 1988),"Dioxin: Are We Safer Now Than Before? |
| work_44us6yyufvee5htyhx6crqhohi | Is this data evidence that there is a threshold in the ability of dioxins to produce cancer in rats? |
| work_44us6yyufvee5htyhx6crqhohi | Rooney, Phyllis( 1992),"On Values in Science: Is the Epistemic/ Non- Epistemic Distinction Useful? |
| work_44us6yyufvee5htyhx6crqhohi | Values in the Interpretation of Results: Are There Thresholds? |
| work_3kvqwslny5b3blrdgecwmx3thu | Is it, as Guala( 2002) thinks, a reason why simulations are not black boxes? |
| work_3kvqwslny5b3blrdgecwmx3thu | What is the widely shared intuition behind the novelty claim then? |
| work_3kvqwslny5b3blrdgecwmx3thu | “ Does Matter Really Matter? |
| work_3kvqwslny5b3blrdgecwmx3thu | “ Is Computer Simulation Changing the Face of Experimentation? ” Philosophical Studies 143: 59–62. |
| work_3kvqwslny5b3blrdgecwmx3thu | “ Les simulations sont- elles des expériences numériques? ” Dialogue 55: 59–86. |
| work_4ae4ojriljenxprv7xeke46zmm | Grimm, Stephen R. ‘ Is Understanding a Species of Knowledge? ’ The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 57, no. |
| work_4ae4ojriljenxprv7xeke46zmm | What reason is there, in the absence of these, to claim that we are talking about aesthetic judgments in theory selection at all? |
| work_4ae4ojriljenxprv7xeke46zmm | Why Are Some New Theories Embraced as Beautiful, Others Spurned as Ugly? |
| work_4ae4ojriljenxprv7xeke46zmm | ‘ Is Beauty a Sign of Truth in Scientific Theories? |
| work_4ae4ojriljenxprv7xeke46zmm | ‘ What Makes"Aesthetic"Terms Aesthetic? ’ Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 36, no. |
| work_4s7db3tg4ngjbpj6lv6cw6h55y | ( 2015), “ Is mereology empirical? |
| work_4s7db3tg4ngjbpj6lv6cw6h55y | But ca n’t we again apply the distinction between what can be known and what is? |
| work_4s7db3tg4ngjbpj6lv6cw6h55y | Can there be any physical reason to claim that the A- proton at time t2 is for instance identical with the L- proton at t1? |
| work_5pdvsznzhncyjkmrufxu6aldda | Y e n t o n c e s, ¿ p o r q u é d e c i m o s igualmente que el verdadero padre de la ciencia moderna es Galileo? |
| work_5pdvsznzhncyjkmrufxu6aldda | Y entonces, ¿ por qué la ciencia nació en Italia? |
| work_5pdvsznzhncyjkmrufxu6aldda | ¿ Hay contradicción? |
| work_5lutyfyxxja4tbd7mdwpp4fzj4 | 3.2 Methdological debates But how ought one to take these uncertainties into account? |
| work_5lutyfyxxja4tbd7mdwpp4fzj4 | What criteria ought to be considered when 27 determining standards of reasonableness on such bounds? |
| work_5lutyfyxxja4tbd7mdwpp4fzj4 | Which possibilities deserve consideration? |
| work_5lutyfyxxja4tbd7mdwpp4fzj4 | Why is n’t every physicist a Bayesian? |
| work_2hpgdtyvjzccxkqbj6nkoi7i2m | ( eds), What if there were no significance tests?, Mahwah/ NJ: Erlbaum, pp. |
| work_2hpgdtyvjzccxkqbj6nkoi7i2m | Huber, F.[ 2005]: ‘ What is the Point of Confirmation? ’, Philosophy of Science, 72, pp. |
| work_2hpgdtyvjzccxkqbj6nkoi7i2m | Perhaps it is neither necessary nor sufficient to base a corroboration judgment on the joint proba- bility distribution of h and e? |
| work_2hpgdtyvjzccxkqbj6nkoi7i2m | Should we prefer the null hypothesis to the alternative hypotheses and preliminarily accept it? |
| work_2hpgdtyvjzccxkqbj6nkoi7i2m | This does not address a crucial question in scientific reasoning: Do the results corroborate the null hypothesis? |
| work_2hpgdtyvjzccxkqbj6nkoi7i2m | To what extent do they corroborate the tested hypothesis, or provide a reason to accept it? |
| work_4uvz33wv2rfsnm4hytn5rom67q | Any chance of killing your grandfather and preventing your own existence? |
| work_4uvz33wv2rfsnm4hytn5rom67q | How likely are causal loops, such as travelling into the past to give your earlier self blueprints for a time machine? |
| work_4uvz33wv2rfsnm4hytn5rom67q | November 2014 Probabilty and time travel Is time travel possible? |
| work_4mr5swfc2negddomneag4bqtvu | ( 2) Which investigative strategies will yield instances that instantiate it? |
| work_4mr5swfc2negddomneag4bqtvu | ( 3) Are the investigative strategies adequate, or should they be modified? |
| work_4mr5swfc2negddomneag4bqtvu | “ Can Cognitive Processes Be Inferred from Functional Imaging Data? ” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10( 2): 59–63. |
| work_4mr5swfc2negddomneag4bqtvu | “ Is the Next Frontier in Neuroscience a Decade of the Mind? ” In Brain Theory, ed. |
| work_333226dskvfijbzhnoooc6tbwe | “ Does the Autistic Child Have a „ Theory of Mind‟? ” Cognition 21: 37- 46. |
| work_333226dskvfijbzhnoooc6tbwe | “ Does the Normal Brain Have a Theory of Mind? ” TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences 10: 3- 4. |
| work_333226dskvfijbzhnoooc6tbwe | “ Does the Study of Autism Justify Minimalist Innate Modularity? ” Learning and Individual Differences 10: 179- 191. |
| work_333226dskvfijbzhnoooc6tbwe | “ Generous or Parsimonious Cognitive Architecture? |
| work_333226dskvfijbzhnoooc6tbwe | “ Is There a „ Language of the Eyes‟? ” Visual Cognition 4: 311- 331. |
| work_333226dskvfijbzhnoooc6tbwe | “ What‟s Domain Specific about the Theory of Mind? ” Social Neuroscience 1: 309- 319. |
| work_33fl3nmtkbgn7oyvtpw3fpe3vq | 4 At this point, the following two key questions come to mind: • Why bother with such syntactical constructions in the first place? |
| work_33fl3nmtkbgn7oyvtpw3fpe3vq | Are there bridge principles relating the qualitative increase in firmness confirmation relation an some epistemically important relation? |
| work_33fl3nmtkbgn7oyvtpw3fpe3vq | But, what if there is no such thing as “ logical ” or “ a priori ” probability( as many of us now suspect)? |
| work_33fl3nmtkbgn7oyvtpw3fpe3vq | Does this mean that inductive logic is impossible? |
| work_33fl3nmtkbgn7oyvtpw3fpe3vq | How about logicality? |
| work_33fl3nmtkbgn7oyvtpw3fpe3vq | • Can we have analyticity, logicality, and epistemic applicability? |
| work_3bqwjqbvvrceph7n24hetmrnti | Or should the trial be continued in order to achieve a result that would convince the wide medical community of the superiority of the new treatment? |
| work_3bqwjqbvvrceph7n24hetmrnti | “ Could Fisher, Jeffreys and Neyman Have Agreed on Testing? ” Statistical Science 18:1–12. |
| work_3bqwjqbvvrceph7n24hetmrnti | “ Monitoring Clinical Trials: Benefit or Bias? ” Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 34:259–74. |
| work_3bqwjqbvvrceph7n24hetmrnti | “ Stopping at Nothing? |
| work_3bqwjqbvvrceph7n24hetmrnti | “ Trials Stopped Early: Too Good to Be True? ” Lancet 353:943–44. |
| work_2ssfncvgjvhu5f7rvmnnhjqtsm | Corkin, Suzanne( 2002), “ What ’s New with the Amnesic Patient, H. M.? ”, Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3: 153–160. |
| work_2ssfncvgjvhu5f7rvmnnhjqtsm | Schacter, Daniel L., and Endel Tulving( 1994), “ What Are the Memory Systems of 1994? ”, in Dandile L. Schacter and Endel Tulving( eds. |
| work_2ssfncvgjvhu5f7rvmnnhjqtsm | Why ca n’t the self simply be the bundle of these dissociable capacities? |
| work_3v27srwhsrcivdz7ju2cvxycya | 4: What Kind of Representation? |
| work_3v27srwhsrcivdz7ju2cvxycya | Bayesian Fundamentalism or Enlightenment? |
| work_3v27srwhsrcivdz7ju2cvxycya | How persuasive is a good fit? |
| work_3v27srwhsrcivdz7ju2cvxycya | Reciprocal relations between cognitive neuroscience and forma cognitive models: Opposites attract? |
| work_3v27srwhsrcivdz7ju2cvxycya | Who is a modeller? |
| work_2i2sqillrfbjnaykp5c3lcdja4 | 15 4 The Problem of Measure Sensitivity as an Argument for Plu- ralism? |
| work_2i2sqillrfbjnaykp5c3lcdja4 | 4 The Problem of Measure Sensitivity as an Ar- gument for Pluralism? |
| work_2i2sqillrfbjnaykp5c3lcdja4 | Bayes or Bust? |
| work_2i2sqillrfbjnaykp5c3lcdja4 | But does that also jus- tify our acceptance of that conclusion? |
| work_2i2sqillrfbjnaykp5c3lcdja4 | Do n’t we first have to justify our definition of confirmation before we can use it to justify our inductive inferences? |
| work_2i2sqillrfbjnaykp5c3lcdja4 | “ What Is the Point of Confirmation? ” Philosophy of Science 72: 1146–1159. |
| work_4o2sozsnb5ellaoen5uney2kjm | Might there be advantages to thinking of theories( or some theories, at least) as collections of propositional models instead? |
| work_4o2sozsnb5ellaoen5uney2kjm | The question I want to ask now is, What does this tell us about the sorts of things models can be? |
| work_4o2sozsnb5ellaoen5uney2kjm | What parallel work can be done by thinking about collections of propositions? |
| work_4o2sozsnb5ellaoen5uney2kjm | What should we say then? |
| work_4esklt43n5cmhgt4xal7xykr4e | 250 JOHN L. POLLOCK have equally good prima facie reasons for each of P1,., P,?, where{ P1,. |
| work_4esklt43n5cmhgt4xal7xykr4e | 280- 281] Did the Intensity of My Preferences Double Last Night? |
| work_4esklt43n5cmhgt4xal7xykr4e | But this does not mean that you can not use( Al) to infer rFc''-it just means that you can not infer rFc''from rGc& prob(F/ G)? |
| work_4esklt43n5cmhgt4xal7xykr4e | Copyright? |
| work_4esklt43n5cmhgt4xal7xykr4e | What is the connection between these probabilities? |
| work_2gnwzfpvwzex5aog7kobr3qtj4 | 10 Lewontin([ 2001]) writes in his review of Lily Kay ’s 2000 monograph Who Wrote the Book of Life? |
| work_2gnwzfpvwzex5aog7kobr3qtj4 | But given that our inferences are not even components of biological systems, how could they play the relevant causal role? |
| work_2gnwzfpvwzex5aog7kobr3qtj4 | Does it show that attributing information to genes is useful? |
| work_2gnwzfpvwzex5aog7kobr3qtj4 | Godfrey- Smith, P.[ 1999]:''Genes and Codes: Lessons from the Philosophy of Mind?'' |
| work_2gnwzfpvwzex5aog7kobr3qtj4 | The argument moves from certain conditions to information, but what licenses this move? |
| work_2gnwzfpvwzex5aog7kobr3qtj4 | Wheeler, M.[ 2003]:''Do genes code for traits?'' |
| work_2gnwzfpvwzex5aog7kobr3qtj4 | Why not introduce a more demanding notion of arbitrariness and of template assignment freedom in particular? |
| work_6g2p65rvxff4fplbrlvwjdgynm | “ ’ Downward Causation ’ in Emergentism and Nonreductive Physicalism. ” In Emergence or Reduction? |
| work_2f4vq6zjn5geblrkbc4mpn3zou | But what if the world is simple? |
| work_2f4vq6zjn5geblrkbc4mpn3zou | So what about objective homogeneity — or, the model homogeneity which is its representative? |
| work_2f4vq6zjn5geblrkbc4mpn3zou | So, what should we say? |
| work_2f4vq6zjn5geblrkbc4mpn3zou | What if there really are only three variables that describe the world? |
| work_5tpqhmkkgfeatb4smlwauzs43y | Do the Causal Principles of Modern Physics Contradict Causal Anti- Fundamentalism? |
| work_5tpqhmkkgfeatb4smlwauzs43y | 3.3 Which is the Real Cause? |
| work_5tpqhmkkgfeatb4smlwauzs43y | How can there be any question of it succeeding or failing? |
| work_5tpqhmkkgfeatb4smlwauzs43y | Norton, John D. 2009"Is There an Independent Principle of Causality in Physics?" |
| work_5tpqhmkkgfeatb4smlwauzs43y | “ Curie Symmetry Principle: Does it Constrain the Analysis of Structural Geology? ” Forma. |
| work_4tw5blvylnhh7msvdt4jfqepg4 | So our central question can reformulated as follows: what properties does the Hamiltonian have to possess for the system to behave TD- like? |
| work_4tw5blvylnhh7msvdt4jfqepg4 | The central question in the foundations of nonequilibrium SM therefore is: what kind of give raiseft to the desired sequence of macrostates? |
| work_4tw5blvylnhh7msvdt4jfqepg4 | “ Boltzmann ’s Ergodic Hypothesis: A Conjecture for Centuries? ” Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 31:299–322. |
| work_4tw5blvylnhh7msvdt4jfqepg4 | “ What Are the New Implications of Chaos for Unpredictability? ” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 60:195–220. |
| work_4tw5blvylnhh7msvdt4jfqepg4 | “ Who ’s Afraid of Nagelian Reduction? ” Erkenntnis 73:393–412. |
| work_2pex2pj7xvcgjidl7e7v6v5fkm | Cognitive Mechanisms: Extended and Complex? |
| work_2pex2pj7xvcgjidl7e7v6v5fkm | Does this kind of description suffice for the purposes of mechanistic explanation? |
| work_2pex2pj7xvcgjidl7e7v6v5fkm | To what extent have philosophers of science already considered the possibility that cognitive mechanisms may be extended? |
| work_2pex2pj7xvcgjidl7e7v6v5fkm | Why does the embodied brain behave the way it does in response to changes in the environment? |
| work_2pex2pj7xvcgjidl7e7v6v5fkm | “ What Might Cognition Be, If Not Computation? ” Journal of Philosophy 91( 7): 345–81. |
| work_2pex2pj7xvcgjidl7e7v6v5fkm | “ ‘ How Does It Work? ’ versus ‘ What Are the Laws? ’: Two Conceptions of Psychological Explanation. ” In Explanation and Cognition, ed. |
| work_2pex2pj7xvcgjidl7e7v6v5fkm | “ ‘ How Does It Work? ’ versus ‘ What Are the Laws? ’: Two Conceptions of Psychological Explanation. ” In Explanation and Cognition, ed. |
| work_2nsfvko7jvaondsy5ixj7aik2y | ( Why? |
| work_2nsfvko7jvaondsy5ixj7aik2y | 7 always recover a unique Newton- Cartan spacetime? |
| work_2nsfvko7jvaondsy5ixj7aik2y | Are Newtonian gravitation and geometrized Newtonian gravitation theoretically equivalent?, arXiv:1411.5757[ physics.hist- ph]. |
| work_2nsfvko7jvaondsy5ixj7aik2y | What about going in the other direction? |
| work_2nsfvko7jvaondsy5ixj7aik2y | What is the invariant physical structure in this theory? |
| work_2nsfvko7jvaondsy5ixj7aik2y | and one based on Newton- Cartan space- time? ”( Saunders, 2013, p. 46). |
| work_5nnqtemrxzclxapwevvvcl3q5e | Is There a Monist Theory of Causal and Non- Causal Explanations? work_5nnqtemrxzclxapwevvvcl3q5e But why not count Fisher ’s model as explanatory in the context of creation science, and Coulomb ’s model as explanatory prior to Maxwell? work_5nnqtemrxzclxapwevvvcl3q5e First, however, a reasonable doubt must be addressed: Why do scientific explanations need satisfy global conditions at all? work_5nnqtemrxzclxapwevvvcl3q5e What are we to make of these problems? work_5nnqtemrxzclxapwevvvcl3q5e Why is n’t it the case that anything can be made to explain anything? work_6deom523ybbc5cwvcf3wnpbwva [ 63] Sherry, D.: The wake of Berkeley ’s Analyst: rigor mathematicae? work_27mvadato5ev3csudjrolmh5su Is ran- domness objective? work_27mvadato5ev3csudjrolmh5su Is there a change in the entropy? work_27mvadato5ev3csudjrolmh5su Is there really a fact of the matter as to whether a given sequence is random? work_27mvadato5ev3csudjrolmh5su More generally, can we quantify the complexity of a string of symbols, or a physical object? work_27mvadato5ev3csudjrolmh5su Velocity is thus not an objective property of an object, insofar as its ambiguity( velocity relative to what?) work_27mvadato5ev3csudjrolmh5su You who read me, are you sure of understanding my language? work_2s4msbdhprfnpndkyuistlytgy 25 So, on what grounds can one deny that surrogative reasoning is sufficient for representation? work_2s4msbdhprfnpndkyuistlytgy But what is an interpretation? work_2s4msbdhprfnpndkyuistlytgy But why should what happens in the model tell us anything true about what happens in the system? work_2s4msbdhprfnpndkyuistlytgy But, if this is the case, in virtue of what does the model represents a certain system faithfully? work_2s4msbdhprfnpndkyuistlytgy Scientific Models as Epistemic Representations How do the notions I have introduced so far relate to the problem of how scientific models represent? work_2s4msbdhprfnpndkyuistlytgy one that answers the question ‘ In virtue of what does a certain model represent a certain system? ’. work_2byrnrzzrbbmfiypwrrzqzaw4e Introduction What determines the extension of a natural kind term? work_2byrnrzzrbbmfiypwrrzqzaw4e Is Water H2O? work_2byrnrzzrbbmfiypwrrzqzaw4e Is Water Necessarily H2O? work_2byrnrzzrbbmfiypwrrzqzaw4e Microessentialism: What is the Argument? work_2byrnrzzrbbmfiypwrrzqzaw4e The semantics: a comeback for cluster descriptivism? work_2byrnrzzrbbmfiypwrrzqzaw4e The semantics: a comeback for cluster descriptivism? work_454kxaszvrcaxpfkvowltn2nmy Conclusion: what does it mean to be rational? work_454kxaszvrcaxpfkvowltn2nmy Symposium: Is psychical research relevant to philosophy? work_454kxaszvrcaxpfkvowltn2nmy Symposium: Is psychical research relevant to philosophy? work_454kxaszvrcaxpfkvowltn2nmy Symposium: Is psychical research relevant to philosophy? work_454kxaszvrcaxpfkvowltn2nmy What do we really think? work_454kxaszvrcaxpfkvowltn2nmy What is pseudoscience? work_4ry4e6snozd7bo3xtbbu7tlfkq Could meta- research help in evaluating particular medical technologies? work_4ry4e6snozd7bo3xtbbu7tlfkq One way to develop this objection further is to wonder, through what in- ference do therapeutic study results support the hypothesis? work_4ry4e6snozd7bo3xtbbu7tlfkq What is the value of these meta- research studies( beyond shocking and ap- palling their readership)? work_4ry4e6snozd7bo3xtbbu7tlfkq “ Offline: What Is Medicine ’s 5 Sigma? ” Lancet 385( 9976): 1380. work_4ry4e6snozd7bo3xtbbu7tlfkq “ What Are Randomised Controlled Trials Good For? ” Philosophical Studies 147( 1): 59–70. work_5zzo5fw2tfhajgxstw3sdm6j3u 12 pear, too.5 7 Conclusion What, then, is the upshot of this? work_5zzo5fw2tfhajgxstw3sdm6j3u “ Structural realism: The best of both worlds? ” Di- alectica, 43(1- 2): 99–124. work_5zzo5fw2tfhajgxstw3sdm6j3u “ What Elements of Successful Scientific Theories Are the Correct Targets for “ Selective ” Scientific Realism? ”. work_67dyc7j6pbhe3pbthiwy3ftpsi Grenoble Alpes, Inria, CNRS, Grenoble INP?, LIG, 38000 Grenoble, France Abstract. work_67dyc7j6pbhe3pbthiwy3ftpsi formal modeling model checking adding locks lockset analysis SUV refine SUV? work_4if4jlapzfgx3fly5ygwfvdoju Evolutionary Explanations of Behavior"? |
| work_4if4jlapzfgx3fly5ygwfvdoju | But now we should ask: What explanatory function is served by talk of"the function of a be- havior"? |
| work_4if4jlapzfgx3fly5ygwfvdoju | For example, why do n''t we see it as the function of the carburetor to rotate the car''s wheels? |
| work_4if4jlapzfgx3fly5ygwfvdoju | How far down this series of effects does the rewind mech- anism control for the production of those effects? |
| work_4if4jlapzfgx3fly5ygwfvdoju | How would we specify the relevant attraction? |
| work_4if4jlapzfgx3fly5ygwfvdoju | What then does it function to do? |
| work_4if4jlapzfgx3fly5ygwfvdoju | Where the distributive method asks"When does an individual that produces B thereby benefit? |
| work_4if4jlapzfgx3fly5ygwfvdoju | Why do n''t we see it as the function of the light switch to illuminate the room? |
| work_2jiflaoskngghaycy4ldvhjvyq | 2 Robustness and Fragility From a common- sense perspective, how do you determine whether something is real? |
| work_2jiflaoskngghaycy4ldvhjvyq | For example they are asked, ‘ What best describes you? ’:. |
| work_2jiflaoskngghaycy4ldvhjvyq | Is it an oasis where you can fill your canteen or is it just a mirage? |
| work_2jiflaoskngghaycy4ldvhjvyq | Latane, B. and Darley, J. M.[ 1970]: The Unresponsive Bystander: Why Does n’t He Help? |
| work_2jiflaoskngghaycy4ldvhjvyq | Stanovich, K.[ 1999]: Who is Rational?, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. |
| work_2jiflaoskngghaycy4ldvhjvyq | The folk response to such an explanation is likely something like, ‘ yes, but what do they really believe? ’. |
| work_2jiflaoskngghaycy4ldvhjvyq | They are asked, ‘ What best describes you? ’:. |
| work_2jiflaoskngghaycy4ldvhjvyq | [ 2010]: ‘ The Weirdest People in the World? ’, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, pp. |
| work_5pel6utpx5eklhsvt4hs45rtwm | ( 2002) What is a law of nature? |
| work_5pel6utpx5eklhsvt4hs45rtwm | And when the gauge freedom is removed, what are the genuine(= gauge invariant) degrees of freedom of the electromagnetic � eld? |
| work_5pel6utpx5eklhsvt4hs45rtwm | In particular, what is the fate of spontaneous symmetry breaking? |
| work_5pel6utpx5eklhsvt4hs45rtwm | Is it possible in addition that the semi- �-symmetric initial state! o evolves to a state! 1:= d �!o that fails to be semi- �-symmetric? |
| work_5pel6utpx5eklhsvt4hs45rtwm | and spatially equivalent? |
| work_34hzxwieujeeji5rmyzxlibsv4 | I ask: What is this background- structure that Smolin would have us identify and remove? |
| work_34hzxwieujeeji5rmyzxlibsv4 | If proposal 3 is a step too far, what, if anything, remains to be said about proposals 2 and 2a? |
| work_34hzxwieujeeji5rmyzxlibsv4 | In this vein, one might ask, why use the real numbers as opposed to some other field? |
| work_34hzxwieujeeji5rmyzxlibsv4 | Quantum Spacetime: What Do We Know? |
| work_34hzxwieujeeji5rmyzxlibsv4 | What was Einstein ’s Principle of Equivalence? |
| work_34hzxwieujeeji5rmyzxlibsv4 | With the 1907 inertial frame concept, Einstein was faced with the question, how is the concept to be interpreted? |
| work_2bf4ubm6rrhabpvbtwnxnzg7kq | 3 Initial randomness? |
| work_2bf4ubm6rrhabpvbtwnxnzg7kq | 4 Colliding beams? |
| work_2bf4ubm6rrhabpvbtwnxnzg7kq | Do these require that the � nal conditions be less than completely random? |
| work_2bf4ubm6rrhabpvbtwnxnzg7kq | If this were true, what would it mean for the ordinary postinteractive correlations? |
| work_2bf4ubm6rrhabpvbtwnxnzg7kq | If we were to try for symmetry, which should we give up? |
| work_2bf4ubm6rrhabpvbtwnxnzg7kq | What are the options at this point? |
| work_2bf4ubm6rrhabpvbtwnxnzg7kq | What is the most likely distribution? |
| work_2bf4ubm6rrhabpvbtwnxnzg7kq | Without postinteractive correlation of some sort, how is it possible for a measuring device to record information about an object system? |
| work_2bf4ubm6rrhabpvbtwnxnzg7kq | Would n''t this hypothesis also explain why photons are not correlated with future polarisers? |
| work_2fyokk6v5vfjbd5irc6hgian3e | 7 Why include only non- human animals? |
| work_2fyokk6v5vfjbd5irc6hgian3e | Might it be, for example, that stress can sometimes generate welfare benefits in captive animals, due to its role in facilitating learning? |
| work_2fyokk6v5vfjbd5irc6hgian3e | Varying the burden of proof: a starting point Can a general framework accommodate the considerations raised by the foregoing cases? |
| work_2fyokk6v5vfjbd5irc6hgian3e | Why do the consequences of error for human well- being not merit consideration when setting the burden of proof? |
| work_2fyokk6v5vfjbd5irc6hgian3e | “ Do Insects Feel Pain? |
| work_2fyokk6v5vfjbd5irc6hgian3e | “ Laboratory Invertebrates: Only Spineless, or Spineless and Painless? ” ILAR Journal 52:121- 5. |
| work_2fyokk6v5vfjbd5irc6hgian3e | “ The Challenge of Challenge: Can Problem Solving Opportunities Enhance Animal Welfare? ” Applied Animal Behaviour Science 102:246- 61. |
| work_6xacngslvfbjzlac2yxiyq5due | What other processes of knowledge change are evident and significant in terminology development? |
| work_5ynrhxkn6re3xfv5bmmij4vwem | And, even more puzzling, why should, degrees of propensity guide rational belief? |
| work_5ynrhxkn6re3xfv5bmmij4vwem | How can the M- law, which is one thing, govern or produce other events? |
| work_5ynrhxkn6re3xfv5bmmij4vwem | How does a propensity guide the de- velopment of subsequent events? |
| work_5ynrhxkn6re3xfv5bmmij4vwem | Let ’s return to the question of why we should accept the PP or the NP? |
| work_5mme2voixza57n25daacl2bn4e | Does it warrant a distinction between the traces obtained through scientific intervention and their ‘ packaged ’ versions, ready for travel? |
| work_5mme2voixza57n25daacl2bn4e | Does that mean that every time a dataset is copied or translated into a new format, its scientific significance necessarily changes? |
| work_5mme2voixza57n25daacl2bn4e | Microsoft Word- PSA 2014.docx 1 Forthcoming in Philosophy of Science, 2015 What Counts as Scientific Data? |
| work_5mme2voixza57n25daacl2bn4e | What counts as the ‘ form ’ or the ‘ type ’ of this dataset? |
| work_5mme2voixza57n25daacl2bn4e | “ Packaging Small Facts for Re- Use: Databases in Model Organism Biology. ” In How Well Do Facts Travel? |
| work_5mme2voixza57n25daacl2bn4e | “ Travelling Facts. ” How Well Do Facts Travel? |
| work_3wop4rdmlbhnpjy7afehxaigma | But what determines which event is to receive greater belief? |
| work_3wop4rdmlbhnpjy7afehxaigma | Does meta- scientific convenience lend any weight? |
| work_3wop4rdmlbhnpjy7afehxaigma | For any natural number n, how confident are you that it is the one I am thinking of? |
| work_3wop4rdmlbhnpjy7afehxaigma | In leaving the finite domain, is it I who has ceased to understand anything, or is it you who has gone mad? |
| work_3wop4rdmlbhnpjy7afehxaigma | Should we force him, against his own judgement, to assign practically the entire probability to some finite set of events, perhaps chosen arbitrarily? |
| work_3wop4rdmlbhnpjy7afehxaigma | The same thing?!!! |
| work_3o5fm53zyzdx7llv3z7rqszgei | Does ES confirm HMP? |
| work_3o5fm53zyzdx7llv3z7rqszgei | Someone asks, “ How likely was that outcome? ” Before answer- ing, you will need to classify the outcome in some way. |
| work_3o5fm53zyzdx7llv3z7rqszgei | That is, was it more likely that Asha ’s roll would come up double- six if there were many players? |
| work_3o5fm53zyzdx7llv3z7rqszgei | “ What Experiment Did We Just Do? |
| work_6bmlmgixxfbjneymb7i42lqali | . ” And to whom is it shown? |
| work_6bmlmgixxfbjneymb7i42lqali | What, then, would be a good cognitive scientific way to characterize the result of a HEP experiment? |
| work_6bmlmgixxfbjneymb7i42lqali | Who draws the conclusions? |
| work_6bmlmgixxfbjneymb7i42lqali | Who else? |
| work_37xuobwi4ndqthovrpacx5fbsa | Is Explanation a Guide to Inference? |
| work_37xuobwi4ndqthovrpacx5fbsa | So why this change in how we proceed with the analysis? |
| work_37xuobwi4ndqthovrpacx5fbsa | What is the Problem of Coherence and Truth? |
| work_37xuobwi4ndqthovrpacx5fbsa | • Assuming that the selected urn is B, what at this point was the probability of drawing a ball of this color? |
| work_37xuobwi4ndqthovrpacx5fbsa | • Considering the color of the first n balls, what now is the probability that the urn selected is B? |
| work_4czg5ksbjzcsrouferhs2emsne | 10 Gustavo E. Romero, Daniela Pérez What happens to an object when it crosses the event horizon? |
| work_4czg5ksbjzcsrouferhs2emsne | 6 Final remarks What kind of ontological view is compatible with black hole astrophysics? |
| work_4czg5ksbjzcsrouferhs2emsne | Are Probabilism and Special Relativity Imcompatible? |
| work_4czg5ksbjzcsrouferhs2emsne | But do they have an alternative interpretation of special relativity with the same explanatory and predictive power as that of Minkowski ’s? |
| work_4czg5ksbjzcsrouferhs2emsne | Gamma- Ray Bursts from Stellar Collapse to a Black Hole?. |
| work_4czg5ksbjzcsrouferhs2emsne | Is this implying that presen- tism should be abandoned? |
| work_4czg5ksbjzcsrouferhs2emsne | What “ Becomes ” in Temporal Becoming? |
| work_4czg5ksbjzcsrouferhs2emsne | Why should it provide a correct description of black holes? |
| work_3zpalhe5zzgobct76u2ocxd4o4 | 4 Exit Strategies for the Structuralist Can the spacetime structuralist recover from the abyssal embarrassment? |
| work_3zpalhe5zzgobct76u2ocxd4o4 | Does it also violate PII(i)? |
| work_3zpalhe5zzgobct76u2ocxd4o4 | If so, what are the strategies at her disposal to cope with this result? |
| work_3zpalhe5zzgobct76u2ocxd4o4 | In other words, should the statement x= y not have a definite truth value? |
| work_3zpalhe5zzgobct76u2ocxd4o4 | The point(s?) |
| work_4rfqwfihongyjgieixdwlsfxua | In that case, perhaps some specially trained men( in Gender Studies?) |
| work_4rfqwfihongyjgieixdwlsfxua | Is the naturalist ’s explanation for science ’s success an improvement on the Cartesian one? |
| work_4rfqwfihongyjgieixdwlsfxua | Science vs Religion? |
| work_4rfqwfihongyjgieixdwlsfxua | Who could disagree? |
| work_4rfqwfihongyjgieixdwlsfxua | Why? |
| work_6svqg3bdy5fdpoxquo6q5jydna | But are there aspects of Faraday ’s research that Mill could employ in support of his philosophy of scientific methodology? |
| work_5pd4ik7dzzhjhkhmyid4js7dsq | Laublicher, Manfred D, and Günter P Wagner( 2001),"How Molecular is Molecular Developmental Biology? |
| work_5pd4ik7dzzhjhkhmyid4js7dsq | Unless selection is at work, the question''What for?'' |
| work_5pd4ik7dzzhjhkhmyid4js7dsq | What is a mind?" |
| work_5pd4ik7dzzhjhkhmyid4js7dsq | What then is homology? |
| work_5pd4ik7dzzhjhkhmyid4js7dsq | — — —( 2000),"What is a hand? |
| work_253ncl5p7fbujexxyg3vbvr52e | 19 Introduction Background to the debate Symmetries of physical theories Gauge theory Can a gauge symmetry have direct empirical significance? |
| work_253ncl5p7fbujexxyg3vbvr52e | 3 Can a gauge symmetry have direct empirical significance? |
| work_253ncl5p7fbujexxyg3vbvr52e | 4.1 Gauge and redundancy What exactly is the formal characterization of a gauge symmetry that corresponds to( Redundant)? |
| work_253ncl5p7fbujexxyg3vbvr52e | Are gauge symmetry transformations observable? |
| work_253ncl5p7fbujexxyg3vbvr52e | How does this connection between symmetries and charges look when we move to a general gauge theory? |
| work_253ncl5p7fbujexxyg3vbvr52e | Is it then in any sense true that global symmetries are contained in local symmetries? |
| work_253ncl5p7fbujexxyg3vbvr52e | how can gauge symmetries relate redundant descriptions and yet have direct empirical consequences? |
| work_253ncl5p7fbujexxyg3vbvr52e | how can the( Redundant) aspect of gauge transformations be squared with the claim that such transformations exhibit DES? |
| work_66t5uba42vf7vlyeii4yvv7sre | Any chance of killing your grandfather and preventing your own existence? |
| work_66t5uba42vf7vlyeii4yvv7sre | How likely are causal loops, such as travelling into the past to give your earlier self blueprints for a time machine? |
| work_66t5uba42vf7vlyeii4yvv7sre | November 2014 Probabilty and time travel Is time travel possible? |
| work_3ruoiits35e2pgnx7pjvl2blqu | Can the wave function in configuration space be replaced by single- particle wave functions in physical space? |
| work_3ruoiits35e2pgnx7pjvl2blqu | Contents 1 Can the Wave- Function Be a Field? |
| work_3ruoiits35e2pgnx7pjvl2blqu | De Broglie – Bohm pilot- wave theory: Many worlds in denial? |
| work_3ruoiits35e2pgnx7pjvl2blqu | For example, if I point to a location of physical space, what part of the multi- field is there? |
| work_3ruoiits35e2pgnx7pjvl2blqu | How can the multi- field fill up physical space? |
| work_3ruoiits35e2pgnx7pjvl2blqu | How can the wave- function be something in three- dimensional space, if it is defined on configuration space? |
| work_3ruoiits35e2pgnx7pjvl2blqu | In S. Saun- ders, J. Barrett, A. Kent, and D. Wallace, editors, Many Worlds? |
| work_3ruoiits35e2pgnx7pjvl2blqu | So where does the energy of the system come from? |
| work_3eofis4c7ngkzi73feaqqlsx2i | What is the assumption of diagnostic discrimination? |
| work_3eofis4c7ngkzi73feaqqlsx2i | “ Do We Need Theory to Study Disease? ” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 51: 367–78. |
| work_3eofis4c7ngkzi73feaqqlsx2i | “ Is This Dame Melancholy? |
| work_3eofis4c7ngkzi73feaqqlsx2i | “ Should Mental Disorders Be Regarded as Brain Disorders? |
| work_3eofis4c7ngkzi73feaqqlsx2i | “ Should We Expect ‘ Neural Signatures ’ for DSM Diagnoses? ” The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 72( 10):1383–89. |
| work_3eofis4c7ngkzi73feaqqlsx2i | “ What Are the Right Targets for Psychopharmacology? ” Science January 17: 350–51. |
| work_3eofis4c7ngkzi73feaqqlsx2i | “ What Kinds of Things Are Psychiatric Disorders? ” Psychological Medicine 41:1143–50. |
| work_3eofis4c7ngkzi73feaqqlsx2i | “ Why has it taken so long for biological psychiatry to develop clinical tests and what to do about it? ” Molecular Psychiatry, 17(12):1–6. |
| work_3eofis4c7ngkzi73feaqqlsx2i | “ Will the Genomics Revolution Revolutionize Psychiatry? ” American Journal of Psychiatry 160( 4): 625–35. |
| work_7ixjsp75inhmrlxxz4w4eop774 | Why gravity would be different? |
| work_7ixjsp75inhmrlxxz4w4eop774 | Why not consider it the amplitude of an oscillation inside nucleons, possibly making them inflate and deflate by this much? |
| work_4ve3t4t5jfcz7l7m7nvvxzbqtm | 1 Introduction 2 A contemporary view of measurement 3 Three types of measurement 4 Can computer simulations measure real- world target systems? |
| work_4ve3t4t5jfcz7l7m7nvvxzbqtm | 25 What sorts of correction might be required? |
| work_4ve3t4t5jfcz7l7m7nvvxzbqtm | 4 Can computer simulations measure real- world target systems? |
| work_4ve3t4t5jfcz7l7m7nvvxzbqtm | 5 Case study: atmospheric data assimilation 5.1 Why data assimilation? |
| work_4ve3t4t5jfcz7l7m7nvvxzbqtm | 5.1 Why data assimilation? |
| work_4ve3t4t5jfcz7l7m7nvvxzbqtm | Can running a computer simulation model and observing the results be a process for measuring the properties of the system being simulated? |
| work_4ve3t4t5jfcz7l7m7nvvxzbqtm | Giere, R.[ 2009]: ‘ Is computer simulation changing the face of experimentation? ’, Philosophical Studies, 143(1), pp. |
| work_4ve3t4t5jfcz7l7m7nvvxzbqtm | [ 2010] ‘ An Instrument for What? |
| work_6bkth25iy5dgbevgw2627ygvoa | But was such an approach undertaken by Kuhn? |
| work_6bkth25iy5dgbevgw2627ygvoa | How should the notion of world be treated then? |
| work_6bkth25iy5dgbevgw2627ygvoa | Why did Kuhn ’s structure of scientific revolutions cause a fuss? |
| work_6vw636molrdypo4rmudbxrpfoa | 5 What other strategies used in the oractice of modelling are specifically exploratory? |
| work_6vw636molrdypo4rmudbxrpfoa | Are there any more similarities between exploratory experiments and exploratory models? |
| work_6vw636molrdypo4rmudbxrpfoa | But why is it important how difficult any particular strategy is in order to characterize it as exploratory? |
| work_6vw636molrdypo4rmudbxrpfoa | To what extent can the analogy be further developed? |
| work_5yjbl4ojrfcf7mcingmwe76vdy | Does this mean that any explanation will do, as long as it is mechanical? |
| work_5yjbl4ojrfcf7mcingmwe76vdy | How exactly are natural phenomena supposed to be deduced from these principles? |
| work_5yjbl4ojrfcf7mcingmwe76vdy | Is Descartes violating his own methodological and 12 epistemological strictures when he gives scientific explanations for observed natural phenomena? |
| work_5yjbl4ojrfcf7mcingmwe76vdy | So why did n’t Descartes just say throughout that his scientific explanations were ‘ morally certain ’? |
| work_5yjbl4ojrfcf7mcingmwe76vdy | Why, for example, does Descartes think that the tiny particles that emerge from magnets are screw- shaped rather than, say, shaped like spikes? |
| work_6yseouks6vdkleqodyhl5kf6j4 | Why Study Philosophy Here? |
| work_7niugddxyrdzrm74cqezfd4tfm | Direct or common cause? |
| work_7niugddxyrdzrm74cqezfd4tfm | Seevinck, Michiel P.( 2010): “ Can quantum theory and special relativity peacefully coexist? |
| work_6h2wpwxlsbbovpxxoe3tkt6mqi | Multi- scale Modeling in Biology: How to Bridge the Gaps between Scales? |
| work_6h2wpwxlsbbovpxxoe3tkt6mqi | Scaling: Why is Animal Size so Important? |
| work_6h2wpwxlsbbovpxxoe3tkt6mqi | What is Classical Mechanics Anyway? |
| work_6h2wpwxlsbbovpxxoe3tkt6mqi | Why have constraints and boundary conditions not figured more prominently in philosophical accounts of modeling and explanation? |
| work_6h2wpwxlsbbovpxxoe3tkt6mqi | “ How Molecular is Molecular Developmental Biology? |
| work_7stioriya5fr5f32pb2hrenvqm | How high is high? |
| work_7stioriya5fr5f32pb2hrenvqm | “ Does Masking Author Identity Improve Peer Review Quality? |
| work_46hl73zrajaffo2wiz5gckptdu | From Metaphysical Disagreement to Metametaphysical Disagree- ment? |
| work_46hl73zrajaffo2wiz5gckptdu | What Are Allowable Revisions of “ Race ”? |
| work_46hl73zrajaffo2wiz5gckptdu | Why should we accept this premise instead of insisting that scientific uses of “ race ” are more or equally relevant? |
| work_46hl73zrajaffo2wiz5gckptdu | “ Does ‘ Race ’ Have a Future? ” Philosophy and Public Affairs 35( 4): 293 – 317. |
| work_46hl73zrajaffo2wiz5gckptdu | “ How to Decide If Races Exist? ” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 106:365–82. |
| work_46hl73zrajaffo2wiz5gckptdu | “ Prisoners of Abstraction? |
| work_46hl73zrajaffo2wiz5gckptdu | “ Race: Biological Reality or Social Construct? ” Philosophy of Science 67:653–66. |
| work_46hl73zrajaffo2wiz5gckptdu | “ What Are We to Make of the Concept of Race? ” Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 44( 3): 272–77. |
| work_46hl73zrajaffo2wiz5gckptdu | “ When Is ‘ Race ’ a Race? |
| work_2lkxcidxybb4leat5ph4gl3mb4 | 6 As Skokowski goes on to ask( 2007, 67- 68): “ And is it just children who hold such intuitions? |
| work_2lkxcidxybb4leat5ph4gl3mb4 | But, should we accept the reality of phenomenal consciousness? |
| work_2lkxcidxybb4leat5ph4gl3mb4 | Do ordinary people also have the( perhaps implicit) concept of phenomenal consciousness? |
| work_2lkxcidxybb4leat5ph4gl3mb4 | Nagel, Thomas( 1974), “ What is it Like to be a Bat? ”, The Philosophical Review 83(4): 435- 450. |
| work_2lkxcidxybb4leat5ph4gl3mb4 | Skokowski, Paul( 2007), “ Is the Pain in Jane Felt Mainly in Her Brain? ”, The Harvard Review of Philosophy 15: 58- 71. |
| work_2lkxcidxybb4leat5ph4gl3mb4 | Sytsma, Justin( in preparation), Phenomenal Consciousness as Scientific Phenomenon? |
| work_2lkxcidxybb4leat5ph4gl3mb4 | The puzzle is, how can a physical system have qualia? |
| work_2lkxcidxybb4leat5ph4gl3mb4 | Understood in this way, is it true that phenomenal consciousness is phenomenologically obvious? |
| work_7upq5uoyeffytgkapewib5co5i | Do these results depend on the specific functional form of the replicator equa- tions( 1)? |
| work_7vwws2hzvjfmlazk6jj44h5zse | What makes a classical concept classical? |
| work_7vwws2hzvjfmlazk6jj44h5zse | Now what exactly is being limited in this mutual exclusivity? |
| work_ais2reycbjdtna4v7lpbmpjai4 | Looking for a formerly published Socrates site? |
| work_2rldjbgrqfdyvdleqqdwdckusq | ( Bachelard,[ 1951] 1975, 38) ¿ Quiénes son esos filósofos escépticos? |
| work_2rldjbgrqfdyvdleqqdwdckusq | 6, n.º 1, diciembre 2013, 65- 80/ cc by- nc- nd sí solas no son actividades científicas, ¿ qué les hace falta? |
| work_2rldjbgrqfdyvdleqqdwdckusq | ¿ Cómo establecer la relación con los objetos? |
| work_2rldjbgrqfdyvdleqqdwdckusq | ¿ Cómo no prestar atención a los libros, las publicaciones y las reuniones de científi- cos? |
| work_2rldjbgrqfdyvdleqqdwdckusq | ¿ De qué nos sirve una ciencia desvinculada de la sociedad? |
| work_2rldjbgrqfdyvdleqqdwdckusq | ¿ La enseñanza de la ciencia es prescindible? |
| work_2rldjbgrqfdyvdleqqdwdckusq | ¿ Por qué no tener en consideración lo que el científico piensa y hace encerrado en su laboratorio? |
| work_2rldjbgrqfdyvdleqqdwdckusq | ¿ Qué se consigue cerrando los ojos a la historia de la ciencia? |
| work_2rldjbgrqfdyvdleqqdwdckusq | ¿ qué ciencia se puede derivar de esas tareas? |
| work_55v2cqdmrvbzhoyylvgfqhz3xy | 3.1 When is information sufficiently accurate? |
| work_55v2cqdmrvbzhoyylvgfqhz3xy | 3.2 How does a vehicle contain information? |
| work_55v2cqdmrvbzhoyylvgfqhz3xy | In virtue of what are they so? |
| work_55v2cqdmrvbzhoyylvgfqhz3xy | In which ways, precisely, are such representations user-‐ and purpose-‐specific? |
| work_55v2cqdmrvbzhoyylvgfqhz3xy | Introduction How do scientists gain information about a physical system? |
| work_55v2cqdmrvbzhoyylvgfqhz3xy | Is Semantic Information Meaningful Data? |
| work_55v2cqdmrvbzhoyylvgfqhz3xy | Second, how is this information effectively conveyed to the user? |
| work_3gog66c3mbd3ppc4yvop4dml3q | Is Reviewer right? |
| work_3gog66c3mbd3ppc4yvop4dml3q | Or that it is 3 or 5()? |
| work_3gog66c3mbd3ppc4yvop4dml3q | Shogenji, T.( 1999), “ Is Coherence Truth- Conducive? ”, Analysis 59: 338–345. |
| work_3gog66c3mbd3ppc4yvop4dml3q | Suppose that now the question is posed, What do you think is more probable? |
| work_3gog66c3mbd3ppc4yvop4dml3q | That it is 5 through 8, or perhaps 3h1()? |
| work_3gog66c3mbd3ppc4yvop4dml3q | That the child has a fever(), thath1 he has red spots all over his body(), or that he has a fever and redh 2 spots()? |
| work_3gog66c3mbd3ppc4yvop4dml3q | That the number recorded by the game master is 2 through 5, or perhaps 9()? |
| work_3gog66c3mbd3ppc4yvop4dml3q | What do you think is more probable to find upon your arrival? |
| work_3gog66c3mbd3ppc4yvop4dml3q | that e might confirm a conjunction of hypotheses,, given that theh ∧ h1 2 same e disconfirms and separately? |
| work_35zxoviqjjgpff3tm7ql4bhzcu | 4.2 Does Statistical Mechanics Get the Past Wrong? |
| work_35zxoviqjjgpff3tm7ql4bhzcu | But are any of Probability Principles 2, 3 or 4 true? |
| work_35zxoviqjjgpff3tm7ql4bhzcu | But is Probability Principle 1 correct? |
| work_35zxoviqjjgpff3tm7ql4bhzcu | Does the Standard Story then give us good reason to suppose that the second law holds for this a system? |
| work_35zxoviqjjgpff3tm7ql4bhzcu | How might a low entropy state turn out not to be improbable? |
| work_35zxoviqjjgpff3tm7ql4bhzcu | In virtue of what are these beliefs justified? |
| work_35zxoviqjjgpff3tm7ql4bhzcu | In what sense, then, is the glass of ice- water that we actually find in nature in an improbable state? |
| work_35zxoviqjjgpff3tm7ql4bhzcu | What sorts of arguments might be given to support Probability Principle 1? |
| work_2z5z3ou3vjdo3pzld7ashymn5q | Could they be used to help shape the 31 debate around emerging policy decisions? |
| work_2z5z3ou3vjdo3pzld7ashymn5q | Do bibliometric indicators provide relevant evidence for comparing funding mechanisms? |
| work_2z5z3ou3vjdo3pzld7ashymn5q | Funding mechanisms have a significant effect, and size matters, but which mechanisms perform best? |
| work_2z5z3ou3vjdo3pzld7ashymn5q | Gillies, D.[ 2008]: How should research be organised?, London: College Publications. |
| work_2z5z3ou3vjdo3pzld7ashymn5q | Haufe, C.[ 2013]: ‘ Why do funding agencies favor hypothesis testing? ’, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 44(3), pp. |
| work_2z5z3ou3vjdo3pzld7ashymn5q | How well do the other funding mechanisms perform in terms of providing fund renewals? |
| work_2z5z3ou3vjdo3pzld7ashymn5q | What do we mean by ‘ merit ’ and ‘ impact ’? |
| work_2z5z3ou3vjdo3pzld7ashymn5q | What notions of ‘ diversity ’ are useful in this context? |
| work_5a3qq2nprbhbbdpxjwvvekwc2u | 3.2 R I? |
| work_5a3qq2nprbhbbdpxjwvvekwc2u | 34Is there ever randomness without probabilistic order? |
| work_5a3qq2nprbhbbdpxjwvvekwc2u | Bell, J. S.( 1987a), “ Are there Quantum Jumps? ” In Bell( 1987c), pp. |
| work_5a3qq2nprbhbbdpxjwvvekwc2u | How does our analysis of randomness as unpredictability do on our four de- mands( § 2)? |
| work_5a3qq2nprbhbbdpxjwvvekwc2u | How well can we accommodate this behaviour? |
| work_5a3qq2nprbhbbdpxjwvvekwc2u | Humphreys, Paul W.( 1978), “ Is “ Physical Randomness ” Just Indeterminism in Disguise? ” In Peter D. Asquith and Ian Hacking( eds. |
| work_5a3qq2nprbhbbdpxjwvvekwc2u | So what kind of unpredictability do I think randomness is? |
| work_5a3qq2nprbhbbdpxjwvvekwc2u | What about statistical testing? |
| work_5a3qq2nprbhbbdpxjwvvekwc2u | What is an admissible place selection? |
| work_4qu4b5aspfhfbazhkhrwpgnupa | Does Jack know based on this testimony that this is the train to Toronto? |
| work_4qu4b5aspfhfbazhkhrwpgnupa | Does “ ought ” imply “ can ” from an epistemic point of view? |
| work_4qu4b5aspfhfbazhkhrwpgnupa | Giving debiasing away: Can psychological research on correcting cognitive errors promote human welfare? |
| work_4qu4b5aspfhfbazhkhrwpgnupa | How is the number of reviewers determined? |
| work_4qu4b5aspfhfbazhkhrwpgnupa | Is Science value free? |
| work_4qu4b5aspfhfbazhkhrwpgnupa | Is a little pollution good for you? |
| work_4qu4b5aspfhfbazhkhrwpgnupa | Is justified true belief knowledge? |
| work_4qu4b5aspfhfbazhkhrwpgnupa | What are the differences between TI and PE? |
| work_4qu4b5aspfhfbazhkhrwpgnupa | What possible objections are there to the modest principle? |
| work_4qu4b5aspfhfbazhkhrwpgnupa | When is consensus knowledge based? |
| work_7hhapgy5z5fthd4zkgdkz3tab4 | Maienschein, Jane( 1993),"Why Collaborate? |
| work_7hhapgy5z5fthd4zkgdkz3tab4 | i- ii] From the Editor[ p. iii] No Place for Particles in Relativistic Quantum Theories? |
| work_a4d6ytjoenbxlfin6gaxfyyzkq | How is causation treated in these mechanistic models of gene expression? |
| work_a4d6ytjoenbxlfin6gaxfyyzkq | How then should we interpret the idealization of causation? |
| work_6hziecovjnbtvaqbmjg6fbz7ni | 10 Why does cooperation emerge in the presence of discounting, but not other- wise? |
| work_6hziecovjnbtvaqbmjg6fbz7ni | I: Is costly signalling too costly? ” Phil. |
| work_6hziecovjnbtvaqbmjg6fbz7ni | What acceptance strategy should I use? |
| work_6hziecovjnbtvaqbmjg6fbz7ni | Why? |
| work_6hziecovjnbtvaqbmjg6fbz7ni | “ Bargaining with Neighbors: Is Justice Contagious? ” Journal of Philosophy 96, 11: 588–598. |
| work_7fucr55m4zdwhdw7b3np3b2mjy | 35 effect''b/,''inhibitor a--~-? |
| work_7fucr55m4zdwhdw7b3np3b2mjy | If so, then what did the release of the catch transfer to the weight? |
| work_7fucr55m4zdwhdw7b3np3b2mjy | What are the intermediaries between, e.g., heart piercing and brain death? |
| work_7fucr55m4zdwhdw7b3np3b2mjy | l o But what of the spatiotemporal continuity of causation? |
| work_2e7iv5jwvzhdxafuokjhxlsoh4 | -------------------( 1996),"Just How Radical is Hyperplane Dependence? |
| work_2e7iv5jwvzhdxafuokjhxlsoh4 | As a consequence it would not, in fact, transform like a 4-vector( What would the transformed time be?). |
| work_2e7iv5jwvzhdxafuokjhxlsoh4 | But why make the effort?! |
| work_2e7iv5jwvzhdxafuokjhxlsoh4 | Does generalized NW localization have any physical significance?! |
| work_2e7iv5jwvzhdxafuokjhxlsoh4 | G. C. Hegerfeldt,( 1985),"Violation of Causality in Relativistic Quantum Theory? |
| work_2e7iv5jwvzhdxafuokjhxlsoh4 | How shall we choose between these perspectives? |
| work_2e7iv5jwvzhdxafuokjhxlsoh4 | Is there any reason to think that this is anything more than an amusing formal construction? |
| work_2e7iv5jwvzhdxafuokjhxlsoh4 | Not exactly paradoxical, to be sure, but is it, perhaps, time to question the meaning of being localized?! |
| work_2e7iv5jwvzhdxafuokjhxlsoh4 | Now just what is counterintuitive about this theorem? |
| work_2e7iv5jwvzhdxafuokjhxlsoh4 | What is it about the NW fields that is relevant to the assessment of the Reeh- Schlieder theorem and the structure of the vacuum? |
| work_6vzgmmu52fhf7mtpkr2hrcs5de | According to the analysis, are the following counterfac- tuals true? |
| work_6vzgmmu52fhf7mtpkr2hrcs5de | How do these first two strategies compare? |
| work_6vzgmmu52fhf7mtpkr2hrcs5de | So the crucial question is: Does the closest no- crack world meet conditions( A) and( B)? |
| work_6vzgmmu52fhf7mtpkr2hrcs5de | What about before 8:05? |
| work_2q5tizdjfbbgzb75g5ncuhteyi | ( 1989), “ Do Correlations Need to Be Explained? ”, in J. Cushing and E. McMullin( eds. |
| work_2q5tizdjfbbgzb75g5ncuhteyi | Are Emergent Properties Encoding Correlations Ontologically Robust? |
| work_2q5tizdjfbbgzb75g5ncuhteyi | But one may( should?) |
| work_2q5tizdjfbbgzb75g5ncuhteyi | Gisin, N.( 2008), “ Can Relativity Be Considered Complete? |
| work_2q5tizdjfbbgzb75g5ncuhteyi | How Is the Failure of Outcome Independence Explained? |
| work_2q5tizdjfbbgzb75g5ncuhteyi | Is n’t this analogous to what happens when a measurement is performed on an entangled system? |
| work_2q5tizdjfbbgzb75g5ncuhteyi | Mermin, N. D.( 1999), “ What Do These Correlations Know about Reality? |
| work_2q5tizdjfbbgzb75g5ncuhteyi | What about the process seemingly being instantaneous or, at least, faster than light, as it takes place at two locations at the same time? |
| work_2q5tizdjfbbgzb75g5ncuhteyi | What is the precise ontology underpinning Teller ’s proposal? |
| work_2q5tizdjfbbgzb75g5ncuhteyi | Why is this useful with respect to the problem at hand? |
| work_7u7rfkdpb5dztp5niap7f6qy7a | For example, I wonder what would then be the difference if the same determinate value λ were not energy as such, but, say, charge as such? |
| work_7u7rfkdpb5dztp5niap7f6qy7a | The difficulty is connected to the question, What is the meaning of the word “ en- ergy ”? |
| work_7u7rfkdpb5dztp5niap7f6qy7a | Would it not be unnecessary then to relate λ to some physical ontology in space and time? |
| work_6djul7gfybefrf6rvdkc5obl6y | 6 Extensions How do the basic results from the previous section carry over to richer models? |
| work_6djul7gfybefrf6rvdkc5obl6y | “ Can Game(s) Theory Explain Culture? |
| work_6djul7gfybefrf6rvdkc5obl6y | “ Decision Making: What Can Evolution Do for Us? ” In: Evolution and the Mechanisms of Decision Making. |
| work_6djul7gfybefrf6rvdkc5obl6y | “ Is Altruism Evolutionarily Stable? ” In: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 34, pp. |
| work_6djul7gfybefrf6rvdkc5obl6y | “ Is human cognition adaptive? ” In: Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14.3RA, pp. |
| work_6djul7gfybefrf6rvdkc5obl6y | “ Plasticity and Language: An Example of the Baldwin Effect? ” In: Philosophical Studies 147.1, pp. |
| work_aaqo35sceze3nkt4waxalemafu | Dynamical Models: An Alternative or Compliment to Mechanistic Explanations? |
| work_aaqo35sceze3nkt4waxalemafu | If biologists can, and do, use intentional models, then the question is whether such models are useful, and why? |
| work_aaqo35sceze3nkt4waxalemafu | Is Semantic Information Meaningful Data? |
| work_63hokypzfnadnga24kgw7aspw4 | “ But What Are You Really? |
| work_63hokypzfnadnga24kgw7aspw4 | “ How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement? ” Harvard Educa- tional Review 39:1–123. |
| work_63hokypzfnadnga24kgw7aspw4 | “ Playing with Fire? |
| work_63hokypzfnadnga24kgw7aspw4 | “ Prisoners of Abstraction? |
| work_63hokypzfnadnga24kgw7aspw4 | “ The Genetic Reification of ‘ Race ’? |
| work_63hokypzfnadnga24kgw7aspw4 | “ ¿ La cosificación genética de la ‘ raza ’? |
| work_2xxic4d7ifa2td4bfe27rh2n7y | After all, what does it gain from reducing its own fitness? |
| work_2xxic4d7ifa2td4bfe27rh2n7y | First, what populations are stable utilizing this model of evolution? |
| work_2xxic4d7ifa2td4bfe27rh2n7y | First, why is this phenotype stable? |
| work_2xxic4d7ifa2td4bfe27rh2n7y | Given the various limitations of the equilibrium methodology, why should Maynard Smith have championed it? |
| work_2xxic4d7ifa2td4bfe27rh2n7y | Second, what led to the evolution of that behaviour in the first place? |
| work_2xxic4d7ifa2td4bfe27rh2n7y | Second, what populations are likely to evolve? |
| work_2xxic4d7ifa2td4bfe27rh2n7y | What about the cases of primary interest to biologists, where there is con- flict of interest between the parent and the child? |
| work_2xxic4d7ifa2td4bfe27rh2n7y | When is this claim of generality justified? |
| work_2xxic4d7ifa2td4bfe27rh2n7y | Why, when the child has an incentive to lie, would honest signalling persist? |
| work_6nrxiwebsnfdngbhgdjsynb3va | ? We would like to thank P. C. Fishburn, Jay Kadane. |
| work_6nrxiwebsnfdngbhgdjsynb3va | Are there good candidates for consequences? |
| work_6nrxiwebsnfdngbhgdjsynb3va | Can we not argue, like Savage and de Finetti, that there always are risks? |
| work_6nrxiwebsnfdngbhgdjsynb3va | Is the thesis neutral re- garding disputes in inductive inference? |
| work_6nrxiwebsnfdngbhgdjsynb3va | SCHERVISH? |
| work_2eiffvet7bcell3umgnqrztzba | 9 When is one theory at least as informative as another? |
| work_2eiffvet7bcell3umgnqrztzba | Conclusion I started from the question: Why should one stick to well confirmed theories rather than to any other theories? |
| work_2eiffvet7bcell3umgnqrztzba | If so, what is this goal? |
| work_2eiffvet7bcell3umgnqrztzba | In other and more mundane words: What is the point of confirmation? |
| work_2eiffvet7bcell3umgnqrztzba | Is there another goal for incremental confirmation that is different from arriving at true theories? |
| work_2eiffvet7bcell3umgnqrztzba | What Is the Point of Confirmation? |
| work_2eiffvet7bcell3umgnqrztzba | What Is the Point of Incremental Confirmation? |
| work_2eiffvet7bcell3umgnqrztzba | What do these measures measure? |
| work_2eiffvet7bcell3umgnqrztzba | When else? |
| work_2eiffvet7bcell3umgnqrztzba | Which conditions are sufficient for a function to reveal the confirmational structure of almost every world when presented separating data? |
| work_2eiffvet7bcell3umgnqrztzba | [ 7] Earman, John( 1992), Bayes or Bust? |
| work_5yq6b4f6t5cqlj4ysd5sfr5zqm | But what justification do we have for such an inference? |
| work_5yq6b4f6t5cqlj4ysd5sfr5zqm | Copyright? |
| work_5yq6b4f6t5cqlj4ysd5sfr5zqm | Epistemic Authority: The Social Component of Justification Why does Goodman''s account of justification fail? |
| work_5yq6b4f6t5cqlj4ysd5sfr5zqm | How, then, do we justify a deductive rule? |
| work_5yq6b4f6t5cqlj4ysd5sfr5zqm | Suppose that a gypsy fortune STEPHEN P. STICH AND RICHARD E. NISBETT we want when we ask for a justification of induction? |
| work_5yq6b4f6t5cqlj4ysd5sfr5zqm | What factors influence the dynamics of opinion change among experts? |
| work_5yq6b4f6t5cqlj4ysd5sfr5zqm | What would you expect the average height of children in these families to be? |
| work_5yq6b4f6t5cqlj4ysd5sfr5zqm | Why is it that his inference is not justified? |
| work_5yq6b4f6t5cqlj4ysd5sfr5zqm | Yet another set of questions focuses on opinion change among the community of experts: Are there general patterns to be observed? |
| work_4hs72gwguvagviuqziwifvnptu | 4 Shielding the Status Quo from Criticism? |
| work_4hs72gwguvagviuqziwifvnptu | But what is the warrant for the shorthand story? |
| work_4hs72gwguvagviuqziwifvnptu | Does Game Theory Work? |
| work_4hs72gwguvagviuqziwifvnptu | Does the shorthand story itself entail behaviourism, as Rosenberg seems to suggest? |
| work_4hs72gwguvagviuqziwifvnptu | Economics: Mathematical Politics or Science of Diminishing Returns? |
| work_4hs72gwguvagviuqziwifvnptu | How then should one characterize the role in economic models of assumptions about commonsense preferences? |
| work_4hs72gwguvagviuqziwifvnptu | What then should this economist ’s attitude toward this model be? |
| work_4hs72gwguvagviuqziwifvnptu | Why then was this mistaken reasoning so compelling? |
| work_4hs72gwguvagviuqziwifvnptu | “ Back to Bentham? |
| work_5ja4tkkegvfajbmj5gxagb7yei | ( From the perspective of logic, this ‘ change ’ is analo- gous to switch the claims{ P, Q, � R} for the logically equivalent set{ P M Q, � P? |
| work_5ja4tkkegvfajbmj5gxagb7yei | How persuasive is a good fit? |
| work_5ja4tkkegvfajbmj5gxagb7yei | Independent component analysis, a new concept? |
| work_5ja4tkkegvfajbmj5gxagb7yei | Perhaps, then, statistical methods had more of an im- pact on Whewell ’s thinking than I just suggested? |
| work_5ja4tkkegvfajbmj5gxagb7yei | Should she measure the amount of magnesium in calcite and/or the amount of sodium in muscovite? |
| work_5ja4tkkegvfajbmj5gxagb7yei | What is a theory of mental representation? |
| work_5ja4tkkegvfajbmj5gxagb7yei | What more of confirmation is needed? |
| work_5ja4tkkegvfajbmj5gxagb7yei | Why is n’t everyone a Bayesian? |
| work_5ja4tkkegvfajbmj5gxagb7yei | Why should the 231 measurements of each of 1269 color chips be- have( almost) as though they came from only 3 to 5 sources, in- stead of 231? |
| work_5ja4tkkegvfajbmj5gxagb7yei | Yet by what sense does he perceive the Force which he thus supposes the wind to exert? |
| work_7l6dsggttrhnzexsj56rzj3veq | IS THERE A DUTCH BOOK ARGUMENT FOR PROBABILITY KINEMATICS? |
| work_7l6dsggttrhnzexsj56rzj3veq | Is There a Dutch Book Argument for Probability Kinematics? |
| work_7l6dsggttrhnzexsj56rzj3veq | What about conditions( 3) and( 3'')? |
| work_7l6dsggttrhnzexsj56rzj3veq | What do the above arguments and their assumptions tell us about violations of probability kinematics? |
| work_7l6dsggttrhnzexsj56rzj3veq | What sort of independence conditions are they? |
| work_6o36mv7viva47eigh6auzoruqe | But what history? |
| work_6o36mv7viva47eigh6auzoruqe | How could that be? ’( Albert 2000, 64, original emphasis) It ca n’t be, and no one should think that it could. |
| work_6o36mv7viva47eigh6auzoruqe | How, then, can we understand a probability distribution over initial conditions? |
| work_6o36mv7viva47eigh6auzoruqe | If there is such a simple way to improve( and even maximise) fit, why does the demon not provide us with a system comprising µN or a delta function? |
| work_6o36mv7viva47eigh6auzoruqe | What is the probability of a macro history? |
| work_6o36mv7viva47eigh6auzoruqe | What notion of probability is invoked in BL and what reasons do we have to believe that the claim it makes is true? |
| work_4ezf7fhkfzepljgkcmfrc4yoce | Are our two explanations explaining the same explanandum, if explananda are contrastive? |
| work_4ezf7fhkfzepljgkcmfrc4yoce | Block, N.( 1990) “ Can the Mind Change the World? ” in Boolos, G., ed., Essays in Honor of Putnam. |
| work_4ezf7fhkfzepljgkcmfrc4yoce | But do we feel this tension when we realize that we have two different explanations of the death of the antelope( or of the endurance of hearts)? |
| work_4ezf7fhkfzepljgkcmfrc4yoce | Do we think that one of the explanations has to 25 go? |
| work_4ezf7fhkfzepljgkcmfrc4yoce | Is it not more sensible to believe that the bottom- up explanations are there, even if we can not reach them? |
| work_4ezf7fhkfzepljgkcmfrc4yoce | Moreover, where can the new causal powers stem from? |
| work_4ezf7fhkfzepljgkcmfrc4yoce | Now we may ask: why did the antelope die? |
| work_4ezf7fhkfzepljgkcmfrc4yoce | Now, granted this, and granted also that both explanations are complete and independent, should we not eliminate one of them? |
| work_4ezf7fhkfzepljgkcmfrc4yoce | So, how can it be that these events, which have a physical explanation, have a non- physical cause as well? |
| work_5wtqgyowqfbybgnjejwmkxevdm | 3 What are data models? |
| work_5wtqgyowqfbybgnjejwmkxevdm | 3 be taken to represent anything other than plant roots? |
| work_5wtqgyowqfbybgnjejwmkxevdm | 6 Conclusion How do we avoid a view of science as models all the way down? |
| work_5wtqgyowqfbybgnjejwmkxevdm | Abstract Introduction Data and models as representations What are data models? |
| work_5wtqgyowqfbybgnjejwmkxevdm | European Journal for Philosophy of Science( 2019) 9: 22 Page 27 of 27 22 https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/ What distinguishes data from models? |
| work_5wtqgyowqfbybgnjejwmkxevdm | PAPER IN PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE IN PRACTICE What distinguishes data from models? |
| work_5wtqgyowqfbybgnjejwmkxevdm | What distinguishes data from models? |
| work_5wtqgyowqfbybgnjejwmkxevdm | What exactly is stabilized when phenomena are stabilized? |
| work_3k5hzhie3ffczgdisygw2hxxdi | WHICH CAUSES OF MORAL BELIEFS MATTER? |
| work_3k5hzhie3ffczgdisygw2hxxdi | WHICH CAUSES OF MORAL BELIEFS MATTER? |
| work_3k5hzhie3ffczgdisygw2hxxdi | WHICH CAUSES OF MORAL BELIEFS MATTER? |
| work_3k5hzhie3ffczgdisygw2hxxdi | Which causes of moral beliefs matter? |
| work_3k5hzhie3ffczgdisygw2hxxdi | Which causes of moral beliefs matter? |
| work_3k5hzhie3ffczgdisygw2hxxdi | http://www.jstor.org Which Causes of Moral Beliefs Matter? |
| work_3k5hzhie3ffczgdisygw2hxxdi | “ Do the Evolutionary Origins of Our Moral Beliefs Undermine Moral Knowledge? ” Biology and Philosophy 26:51–64. |
| work_3k5hzhie3ffczgdisygw2hxxdi | “ Does Disgust Influence Moral Judgment? ” Australasian Journal of Philos- ophy 92:125–41. |
| work_3k5hzhie3ffczgdisygw2hxxdi | “ Does Incidental Disgust Amplify Moral Judgment? |
| work_3k5hzhie3ffczgdisygw2hxxdi | “ When Do Evolutionary Explanations of Belief Debunk Belief? ” http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/5314/. |
| work_4s7csdnefvg5njpbktquxb3gou | ), Value- free science? |
| work_4s7csdnefvg5njpbktquxb3gou | ), Value- free science? |
| work_4s7csdnefvg5njpbktquxb3gou | But can P1 really be upheld? |
| work_4s7csdnefvg5njpbktquxb3gou | But why are scientists required to make these choices? |
| work_4s7csdnefvg5njpbktquxb3gou | Can we estimate the likelihood of climatic changes at 2100? |
| work_4s7csdnefvg5njpbktquxb3gou | Deadly delays, saving opportunities: Creating a more dangerous world? |
| work_4s7csdnefvg5njpbktquxb3gou | Does climate adaptation policy need probabilities? |
| work_4s7csdnefvg5njpbktquxb3gou | Douglas 2000): Are dioxins carcinogenic? |
| work_4s7csdnefvg5njpbktquxb3gou | How many persons, out of a hundred, develop malignant tumors as a result from exposure to dioxins at current rates? |
| work_4s7csdnefvg5njpbktquxb3gou | Is a little pollution good for you? |
| work_4s7csdnefvg5njpbktquxb3gou | Is there a threshold below which exposure to dioxins is absolutely safe — and if so, where? |
| work_4s7csdnefvg5njpbktquxb3gou | Must the scientist make value judgments? |
| work_7dwvpjfk3fhrrfpb4h4vbyrieq | Do the laws of physics state the facts? |
| work_7dwvpjfk3fhrrfpb4h4vbyrieq | DriftPSA.dvi How Do Natural Selection and Random Drift Interact? |
| work_7dwvpjfk3fhrrfpb4h4vbyrieq | Fitness and propensity ’s annulment? |
| work_7dwvpjfk3fhrrfpb4h4vbyrieq | Is indeterminism the source of the statistical character of evolutionary theory? |
| work_7dwvpjfk3fhrrfpb4h4vbyrieq | What has natural information to do with intentional representation? |
| work_7dwvpjfk3fhrrfpb4h4vbyrieq | What ’s wrong with the emergen- tist statistical interpretation of natural selection and random drift? |
| work_4gyzu5a74bgcxk7i2m7lzrw7ny | And how can they last over time? |
| work_4gyzu5a74bgcxk7i2m7lzrw7ny | Can we improve on both success from nowhere and success from here now? |
| work_4gyzu5a74bgcxk7i2m7lzrw7ny | Does “ we ” mean us now? |
| work_4gyzu5a74bgcxk7i2m7lzrw7ny | Does “ we ” mean “ they, ” that is, our predeces- sors back then? |
| work_4gyzu5a74bgcxk7i2m7lzrw7ny | From which vantage point are comparative judgments of success made? |
| work_4gyzu5a74bgcxk7i2m7lzrw7ny | How do we know that approximately true insights “ will be pre- served ” across theory change? |
| work_4gyzu5a74bgcxk7i2m7lzrw7ny | I want to retell this story with a dif- ferent question in mind: namely, by whose standards does it count as a story of scientific success? |
| work_4gyzu5a74bgcxk7i2m7lzrw7ny | Is Water H2O? |
| work_4gyzu5a74bgcxk7i2m7lzrw7ny | Or, alternatively, from which vantage point are judgments of comparative success( such as this one) made? |
| work_4gyzu5a74bgcxk7i2m7lzrw7ny | What has gone wrong with our comparative notion of suc- cess? |
| work_4gyzu5a74bgcxk7i2m7lzrw7ny | “ What Is Realism? ” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 76:177–94. |
| work_4227zu4yprdtfbvmewzs7apwqq | 2 All of this is spelled out nicely in Chapter 5 of Roush ’s book, entitled “ What is Evidence? |
| work_4227zu4yprdtfbvmewzs7apwqq | 3 But wait – I can hear some people saying – is n’t this taking the concept of leverage a bit too far? |
| work_4227zu4yprdtfbvmewzs7apwqq | But just how content should we be with these computations? |
| work_4227zu4yprdtfbvmewzs7apwqq | But wait – prior to the observation we performed – what was the prior probability of e? |
| work_4227zu4yprdtfbvmewzs7apwqq | How exactly is the Leverage Method supposed to work? |
| work_4227zu4yprdtfbvmewzs7apwqq | How should the prior probability of e, p*(e), computed? |
| work_4227zu4yprdtfbvmewzs7apwqq | Now what value should we use for p(e)? |
| work_4227zu4yprdtfbvmewzs7apwqq | Should n’t the Leveraging Method deliver the same result for p(h/ e) as ordinary Bayesian computations of p(h/ e)? |
| work_4227zu4yprdtfbvmewzs7apwqq | What is wrong with the leveraging method? |
| work_4227zu4yprdtfbvmewzs7apwqq | absent information about p*(h))? |
| work_7irmjqtj6jggbbz3waov3w4nve | And, second, is it necessary that the experimental outcomes form a partition? |
| work_7irmjqtj6jggbbz3waov3w4nve | But is this a reasonable use of Dutch book arguments? |
| work_7irmjqtj6jggbbz3waov3w4nve | First, does this result hold for general probability spaces? |
| work_7irmjqtj6jggbbz3waov3w4nve | Should ð10Þ be viewed as a rationality requirement? |
| work_7irmjqtj6jggbbz3waov3w4nve | “ Is There a Dutch Book Argument for Probability Kinematics? ” Philosophy of Science 47:583–88. |
| work_2smbakdiuzfe5d6l3bftlijxfy | ( 2005, 321) Can Waters mean to claim that the genic model is not derivative? |
| work_2smbakdiuzfe5d6l3bftlijxfy | 334 Pluralism without Genic Causes? |
| work_2smbakdiuzfe5d6l3bftlijxfy | 529 Erratum “ Pluralism without Genic Causes? ”( in vol. |
| work_2smbakdiuzfe5d6l3bftlijxfy | And how will a genic theorist know this? |
| work_2smbakdiuzfe5d6l3bftlijxfy | But again, and it is a scientific and empirical question, Where and how do we obtain the multiple levels of information that are used in these models? |
| work_2smbakdiuzfe5d6l3bftlijxfy | Has he given any reasons for thinking that this is so? |
| work_2smbakdiuzfe5d6l3bftlijxfy | Is there an example of genic selectionists successfully establishing a higher- level causal force where hierarchical selectionists missed it? |
| work_2smbakdiuzfe5d6l3bftlijxfy | Is there any evidence to support this claim? |
| work_2smbakdiuzfe5d6l3bftlijxfy | Is there some other form of ‘ derivative ’ that Waters has in mind? |
| work_2smbakdiuzfe5d6l3bftlijxfy | PLURALISM WITHOUT GENIC CAUSES? |
| work_2smbakdiuzfe5d6l3bftlijxfy | PLURALISM WITHOUT GENIC CAUSES? |
| work_2smbakdiuzfe5d6l3bftlijxfy | PLURALISM WITHOUT GENIC CAUSES? |
| work_2smbakdiuzfe5d6l3bftlijxfy | Using the genic approach, how would we obtain such information? |
| work_am75v3opfvfsxdbs5xjtapjorq | Interesse an( mehr) Information zu PUB, aber keine Zeit zu den angebotenen Terminen? |
| work_am75v3opfvfsxdbs5xjtapjorq | Startseite Publikationsnachweise Personen Preise& Auszeichnungen Über PUB Was ist PUB? |
| work_am75v3opfvfsxdbs5xjtapjorq | Wie logge ich mich ein? |
| work_2bcmmeop6fhuvigzbiqlqia3b4 | 1 What is wrong with interpreting quantum me- chanics? |
| work_2bcmmeop6fhuvigzbiqlqia3b4 | Among others, such questions may include: • Does the toy model allow superluminal signalling? |
| work_2bcmmeop6fhuvigzbiqlqia3b4 | Can quantum cryptography imply quantum mechanics? |
| work_2bcmmeop6fhuvigzbiqlqia3b4 | Could Feynman have said this? |
| work_2bcmmeop6fhuvigzbiqlqia3b4 | First, where do candidate axioms for quantum theory come from and how does one judge which statements that can plausibly be taken as axioms? |
| work_2bcmmeop6fhuvigzbiqlqia3b4 | Is quantum mechanics an island in theoryspace? |
| work_2bcmmeop6fhuvigzbiqlqia3b4 | Is there a vicious circle here? |
| work_2bcmmeop6fhuvigzbiqlqia3b4 | Second, what shall we require from first principles? |
| work_2bcmmeop6fhuvigzbiqlqia3b4 | • Does the toy model allow bit commitment? |
| work_2bcmmeop6fhuvigzbiqlqia3b4 | • Does the toy model allow exponential speed- up relative to classical com- putation or solving NP- complete problems in polynomial time? |
| work_2bcmmeop6fhuvigzbiqlqia3b4 | • Does the toy model allow teleportation, dense coding, or remote steering? |
| work_2bcmmeop6fhuvigzbiqlqia3b4 | • Does the toy model possess a continuum of states, measurements and transformations between states? |
| work_2bcmmeop6fhuvigzbiqlqia3b4 | • Is the toy model contextual? |
| work_7ti2who4inbdppop67nlfivfva | ( 1994b),"Is There an Invisible Hand of Reason? |
| work_7ti2who4inbdppop67nlfivfva | ( 1997),"What''s Wrong With Invisible- Hand Explanations? |
| work_7ti2who4inbdppop67nlfivfva | 94- 113] How Natural Can Ontology Be? |
| work_7ti2who4inbdppop67nlfivfva | Harding, Sandra( 1991), Whose Science? |
| work_7ti2who4inbdppop67nlfivfva | Rorty, Richard( 1991),"Is Natural Science a Natural Kind? |
| work_7ti2who4inbdppop67nlfivfva | Whose Knowledge? |
| work_7lheomxfzfa6tbk24zaq6wjzli | Abduction: can non- human animals make discoveries? |
| work_7lheomxfzfa6tbk24zaq6wjzli | Critical realism and realist research in human geography: a method or a philosophy in search of a method? |
| work_7lheomxfzfa6tbk24zaq6wjzli | Google Scholar Mcauliffe, WHB( 2015) How did abduction get confused with inference to the best explanation? |
| work_7lheomxfzfa6tbk24zaq6wjzli | How does it work? |
| work_7lheomxfzfa6tbk24zaq6wjzli | Peircean abduction: instinct or inference? |
| work_7lheomxfzfa6tbk24zaq6wjzli | What do we learn? |
| work_7lheomxfzfa6tbk24zaq6wjzli | What is it? |
| work_6vflpzlsjnestdsitbicsdo2zm | One question remains still open: where is the place of the humanities in Schlick''s account? |
| work_6vflpzlsjnestdsitbicsdo2zm | Then one may ask, what was the role of the humanities – if they had any role at all? |
| work_6vflpzlsjnestdsitbicsdo2zm | War die “ wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung ” des Wiener Kreises nicht doch auch eine Weltanschauung? |
| work_7jlvwrtwmrflhdednee4mrizem | Are Population Clusters Evidence for Cladistic Races? |
| work_7jlvwrtwmrflhdednee4mrizem | Are Population Clusters Evidence for Populationist Races? |
| work_7jlvwrtwmrflhdednee4mrizem | Are the population cluster results relevant to the two subspecies concepts that remain, namely, the populationist and cladistic concepts? |
| work_7jlvwrtwmrflhdednee4mrizem | The question “ Are races bio- logically legitimate? ” is multiply ambiguous, which has been the root of much confusion in the literature. |
| work_7jlvwrtwmrflhdednee4mrizem | “ Race: Biological Reality or Social Construct? ” Philosophy of Science 67 ðPro- ceedingsÞ: S653–S666. |
| work_7d3wol5p7ffpziapmlf7hvvhy4 | Are his U variables � exogenous variables or error terms"( Steel 2005, 5)? |
| work_7d3wol5p7ffpziapmlf7hvvhy4 | Does this tell anything new about the relationship between determinism and the CMC? |
| work_7d3wol5p7ffpziapmlf7hvvhy4 | Is determinism more favorable than indeterminism for the causal Markov condition? |
| work_7d3wol5p7ffpziapmlf7hvvhy4 | Stated in other 6 words: what do Steel''s U variables represent? |
| work_7d3wol5p7ffpziapmlf7hvvhy4 | What is wrong with Bayes nets?. |
| work_7d3wol5p7ffpziapmlf7hvvhy4 | X2? |
| work_7pyzvixgxnaulhvw7bc2qmyiea | Copyright? |
| work_7pyzvixgxnaulhvw7bc2qmyiea | Earman, J., and Glymour, C.( 1988),"What Revisions does Bootstrap Testing Need? |
| work_7pyzvixgxnaulhvw7bc2qmyiea | How would he test this belief? |
| work_7pyzvixgxnaulhvw7bc2qmyiea | Now how would a scientist who believed both of these hypotheses go about confirming HI? |
| work_7pyzvixgxnaulhvw7bc2qmyiea | Should I regard this as confirming my belief that eternal life is the reward of all and only Zoroastrians? |
| work_7pyzvixgxnaulhvw7bc2qmyiea | Zytkow, J. M.( 1986),"What Revisions does Bootstrap Testing Need? |
| work_agj7z4f3fvcovjikrtblqpran4 | Do we take both A and B to be true in this case? |
| work_agj7z4f3fvcovjikrtblqpran4 | How do we check if that is the case? |
| work_agj7z4f3fvcovjikrtblqpran4 | What does the expression in scare quotes mean? |
| work_agj7z4f3fvcovjikrtblqpran4 | What would a Dutch Book look like in a lattice- theoretic probability space? |
| work_3iyijyyk5zectbkzfv3ieq25ii | 2 Chance Neutrality Why do we care about chances? |
| work_3iyijyyk5zectbkzfv3ieq25ii | Article( Accepted version)( Refereed) Original citation: Stefansson, H. Orii and Bradley, Richard( 2015) How valuable are chances? |
| work_3iyijyyk5zectbkzfv3ieq25ii | Does the fact that your prior chances of winning the lottery were so low, make it even better that you did win? |
| work_3iyijyyk5zectbkzfv3ieq25ii | Is this risk of accident in any way undesirable, after the fact, when there was no accident? |
| work_3iyijyyk5zectbkzfv3ieq25ii | Nevertheless, in this section we will seek to answer the question: Is the PP a requirement of practical rationality? |
| work_3iyijyyk5zectbkzfv3ieq25ii | Or different from learning that you have a lethal condition that is quite common? |
| work_3iyijyyk5zectbkzfv3ieq25ii | Orii H. Stefansson and Richard Bradley How valuable are chances? |
| work_3iyijyyk5zectbkzfv3ieq25ii | To what degree should you then believe that the coin comes up heads? |
| work_3iyijyyk5zectbkzfv3ieq25ii | Why should practical rationality require that someone who only partakes in a single game of chance satisfies the Principal Principle? |
| work_3iyijyyk5zectbkzfv3ieq25ii | Would it be practically irrational to violate the Principal Principle in a situation like the one just described? |
| work_3iyijyyk5zectbkzfv3ieq25ii | “ Can a Humean be Moderate? ” In Ethics Out of Economics, 68- 87. |
| work_6mijmx2dm5h73k7vscyzidy5zq | En este sentido la pregunta sobre ¿ qué es la ciencia? |
| work_6mijmx2dm5h73k7vscyzidy5zq | Esta es la imagen que presuponemos cuando iniciamos nuestras clases sin preguntarnos ¿ qué es la ciencia? |
| work_6mijmx2dm5h73k7vscyzidy5zq | Mas, ¿ acaso tiene esto algo de malo? |
| work_6mijmx2dm5h73k7vscyzidy5zq | Pero ¿ este enfoque es realmente adecuado? |
| work_6mijmx2dm5h73k7vscyzidy5zq | podría ser re- direccionada entonces hacia esta otra: ¿ Qué distingue a este tipo de conocimiento? |
| work_6mijmx2dm5h73k7vscyzidy5zq | ¿ Crear conciencia? |
| work_6mijmx2dm5h73k7vscyzidy5zq | ¿ Que no es así como tra- baja y se enseña la ciencia? |
| work_b3pz4iaeejfwzcqmlbubsqf2vi | Copyright? |
| work_b3pz4iaeejfwzcqmlbubsqf2vi | The criterion mentioned above leads to the question"does KTR ask for further causal explanation?". |
| work_beiotrstcffwvgutsptuqnpizq | How large, then, must £ 1p be to test the Sum Rule with the Cross- Ramsey apparatus? |
| work_beiotrstcffwvgutsptuqnpizq | So the question arises, is it"near enough"to make Cross- Ramsey irrelevant? |
| work_6bwqtf6znbchpd37bisbynuyui | ( 1984) “ Are qualified majority rules special? ”, Public Choice 42: 257- 272. |
| work_6bwqtf6znbchpd37bisbynuyui | In which of the two situations is the given majority verdict more likely to be correct? |
| work_6bwqtf6znbchpd37bisbynuyui | Or does a similar result hold if we use a different method of testing H on the basis of E? |
| work_6bwqtf6znbchpd37bisbynuyui | P(X= x|Nx= h)) equal or exceed c? |
| work_6bwqtf6znbchpd37bisbynuyui | Then a margin of at least 29 is required for conviction.15 Can we implement condition( D) in terms of a proportion rule as well? |
| work_6n4oq4ewdvayldrrka3tp537su | Are such locutions undermined by the LTC account or can they be understood within it? |
| work_6n4oq4ewdvayldrrka3tp537su | But what about D3, namely, the identification of human uniqueness? |
| work_6n4oq4ewdvayldrrka3tp537su | But what of normativity, is there a sense in which human nature is good, or can be improved upon via human enhancement? |
| work_6n4oq4ewdvayldrrka3tp537su | But what, exactly, is a property “ exclusively due to enculturation or to social learning ”? |
| work_6n4oq4ewdvayldrrka3tp537su | But why does belonging to almost all humans make it an important class for biology? |
| work_6n4oq4ewdvayldrrka3tp537su | Furthermore, why should we presume that it is the sameness across individuals that is of interest to scientists, and not their variation? |
| work_6n4oq4ewdvayldrrka3tp537su | In a Platonic worldview, which species an individual belongs to is answered by this question: in which form does it participate? |
| work_6n4oq4ewdvayldrrka3tp537su | Is it not a biologically interesting feature of human nature that the females undergo menopause? |
| work_6n4oq4ewdvayldrrka3tp537su | The innate and the acquired: Useful clusters or a residual distinction from folk biology? |
| work_6n4oq4ewdvayldrrka3tp537su | traits are linked to the unusual behavior? |
| work_arigewxpkreyvexexg75qkifsu | 1 Introduction 2 Has the Conventionality of Simultaneity Been Refuted? |
| work_arigewxpkreyvexexg75qkifsu | 2 HAS THE CONVENTIONALITY OF SIMULTANEITY BEEN REFUTED? |
| work_arigewxpkreyvexexg75qkifsu | Nevertheless, the question might be asked: is there any way of delimiting the cases of isotropic and anisotropic space- time experimentally? |
| work_arigewxpkreyvexexg75qkifsu | the angle< xfl can be larger than the angle/? „( this anisotropy of space- time would appear as a deformation of the light cone). |
| work_arigewxpkreyvexexg75qkifsu | with the moment tA? |
| work_b2kfhci7ybfm5grieiot5qjvku | And does( 3.3) function analogously in the construction of a probability r? |
| work_b2kfhci7ybfm5grieiot5qjvku | [ 11] Lange, Marc( 2000), “ Is Jeffrey Conditionalization Defective in Virtue of Being Non- Commutative? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | 23 Which individuals? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | 6.2 Price at what price? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | All other individuals of all species in all times? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | But why think that inconsistent inferences implies a failed science? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | But why this topography? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | How proximal must two organisms be such that they satisfy P? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | On the same continent? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | Over what temporal span ought the values of the relations depend? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | Solution? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | Some delimited class? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | To determine the value of a causal profile, ought we to take into account only direct causal relations, or direct and indirect causal relations? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | What conditions must a grouping of individuals satisfy in order for that grouping to evolve? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | Which types of causes influence fitness and so help to define biological populations? |
| work_42n3jpw6pjdzln7q4exymai4mq | Within the boundaries of the solar system? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | 22 What is rational for the scientists to do in this version of the game? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | And how does it persist? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | But under what circumstances should scientists be expected to behave according to the backwards induction solution? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | How does my model compare to the one given by Strevens( forthcoming)? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | How historically plausible is this? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | Is a bird in the hand worth two in the bush? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | Is it realistic to assume that scientists know the results their peers have obtained even when they have not published them? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | Scientific collaboration: Do two heads need to be more than twice better than one? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | What does this result say about what it is rational for a scientist to do? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | What if scientist 1 chooses not to publish her solution to the first stage of the project( strategy H at the node marked “ 1 ”)? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | What kind of achievements does the scientist get credit for? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | Where did it come from? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | Where did this norm come from, and how does it persist? |
| work_3mayozaayjcyzordp555ytt43y | Which of these assumptions are truly restrictive? |
| work_b37rgb3xa5hkppfo5gkgsx2zxa | The residual vagueness of this formulation( how “ sufficiently explained ”?) |
| work_b37rgb3xa5hkppfo5gkgsx2zxa | What, then, should we take this incompleteness result to signify? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | 355- 365] Do Large Probabilities Explain Better? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | A Partial Solution? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | But do we have adequate grounds for determining which statement among the set is to blame? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | But how do we make these judgments about what to test and what to regard as extraneous? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | Could n''t we cut down on the number of total state- ments by grouping together auxiliaries denoting factors that have proven steady losers? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | Do we have the resources to compare 17 to 1j? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | In considering an alternative, 1j, how do we evaluate F7 if A4 E F1? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | Laudan, Larry( 1997),"How about Bust? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | May we then infer that the city- waterfactor is not statistically relevant to the lady''s ability to respond correctly better than chance? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | Mayo, Deborah G.( 1997c),"Duhem''s Problem, The Bayesian Way, and Error Statistics, or''What''s Belief Got to Do With It''? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | So, what reasons do we have to think that ES treats all cases as type( ii) cases? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | What does accepting Fi tell us? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | What then constitutes a good( i.e., severe) test? |
| work_3dwu7mjyzjg37o44nzdzszasgm | Yet, on what grounds do we know that it is? |
| work_b3wc7air3nhktik3siaii6kiie | Do irregular grids make a di � erence? |
| work_asd3qlm4h5df5d22p6f65gqcnm | Does this last policy satisfy[ Spanning]? |
| work_asd3qlm4h5df5d22p6f65gqcnm | Given only this information … what estimates should[ we] make of the frequencies with which n spots came up? |
| work_asd3qlm4h5df5d22p6f65gqcnm | Under what conditions is this criterion satisfied? |
| work_asd3qlm4h5df5d22p6f65gqcnm | What should be the posterior probability assignment? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | 13 model? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | 8 Conclusion: Who is a Modeler? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | As such, Cartwright can not fully distinguish between modeling and ADR.6 7 Who is Not a Modeler? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | But then is n’t the model description just an approximate, direct representation of the real phenomenon? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | Does it oscillate? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | Does it reach a steady state? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | Given that there are many possible representational ideals for model- ers, how do modelers know which ideals to pick? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | Given this fact, how can Completeness serve as a goal? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | How could this be? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | Is it extremely sensitive to the initial conditions? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | Is their choice merely a historical contingency of their modeling tradition? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | So what is the difference? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | What if a theorist was interested in the use of pesticides and the dy- namics of predation, but for very different reasons? |
| work_57drhskbd5cc7h5r3ylmg56wny | Why did the small amount of fishing associated with the war favor the sharks? |
| work_asga64s2t5es7dfaikdqajqama | 2 IS QUANTUM MECHANICS POINTLESS? |
| work_asga64s2t5es7dfaikdqajqama | C:\Documents and Settings\Frank\My Documents\psapqm.wpd 1 IS QUANTUM MECHANICS POINTLESS? |
| work_asga64s2t5es7dfaikdqajqama | What is the Hamiltonian time evolution of position eigenstates? |
| work_av3swgicwvczrbiwv6aoui2ogq | If both ac- counts apply to the same model, how are we to understand what actually happens in a concrete system that displays SSB? |
| work_av3swgicwvczrbiwv6aoui2ogq | “ More Is Different? |
| work_av3swgicwvczrbiwv6aoui2ogq | “ Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Systems: Emergence or Re- duction? ” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science B 44( 4): 379–94. |
| work_av3swgicwvczrbiwv6aoui2ogq | “ What Is the Paradox of Phase Transitions? ” Philosophy of Science 80( 5): 1170–81. |
| work_adrm3h2sh5gx7m2k6vwasa76gm | Are the known effects of mutations on phenotypes consistent with this random distribution? |
| work_adrm3h2sh5gx7m2k6vwasa76gm | For randomly organized phenotypes, do genotypes with the same phe- notype form extended genotype networks? |
| work_adrm3h2sh5gx7m2k6vwasa76gm | That is, are many or all of them connected? |
| work_adrm3h2sh5gx7m2k6vwasa76gm | What are the hidden expectations behind the statement that mutations are random changes in DNA? |
| work_adrm3h2sh5gx7m2k6vwasa76gm | “ Are Random Drift and Natural Selection Conceptually Distinct? ” Biology and Philosophy 17:33–53. |
| work_adrm3h2sh5gx7m2k6vwasa76gm | “ Chaos in Ecology — Is Mother Nature a Strange Attractor? ” Annual Review of Ecology and Sys- tematics 24:1–33. |
| work_3gjzim4knnb73chdhbn36y676i | But do we really have to wear Bayesian or frequentist glasses in order to enter the debate? |
| work_3gjzim4knnb73chdhbn36y676i | Do data speak for themselves, or do they have to be assessed in conjunction with the design that was used to generate them? |
| work_3gjzim4knnb73chdhbn36y676i | How can frequentist statisticians respond to the charge? |
| work_3gjzim4knnb73chdhbn36y676i | Is n’t there a strategy to overcome the stalemate between Bayesians and frequentists? |
| work_3gjzim4knnb73chdhbn36y676i | Should n’t we be suspicious about such a move? |
| work_3gjzim4knnb73chdhbn36y676i | Should postexperimental decisions depend on the observed data alone, or should they account for the used stopping rule? |
| work_3gjzim4knnb73chdhbn36y676i | What can she do? |
| work_3gjzim4knnb73chdhbn36y676i | What if research funds expire because the trial proves to be more expensive than thought? |
| work_3gjzim4knnb73chdhbn36y676i | What if unexpected technical problems blur the measurements or force the termination of the experi- ment? |
| work_3gjzim4knnb73chdhbn36y676i | What kind of answers could the frequentist give? |
| work_3gjzim4knnb73chdhbn36y676i | Which relevance does the design of a statistical experiment in science have, once the experiment has been performed and the data have been observed? |
| work_c4kdbgifuncu7aqizl536ypi3q | 2) Can a schema or model be drawn to aid in indicating various noteworthy positions on important questions related to scientific theories? |
| work_bhxurxt5zjesvg7m53kkjgrd5i | Scientific Research – Who Should Govern? |
| work_bhxurxt5zjesvg7m53kkjgrd5i | What justifies acting on patients''counterfactual decision even when their decisions are not best? |
| work_7znlnmthv5g27is73pg6go5ewi | 2 Trouble on the horizon? |
| work_7znlnmthv5g27is73pg6go5ewi | A simple black hole Romero and Pérez''s arguments How to slice a black hole Trouble beyond the horizon? |
| work_7znlnmthv5g27is73pg6go5ewi | But why do Romero and Pérez claim that the present is to be chosen on the hori- zon? |
| work_7znlnmthv5g27is73pg6go5ewi | Do the laws of physics forbid the operation of time machines? |
| work_7znlnmthv5g27is73pg6go5ewi | It could be argued then, that the presentist has work to do in the justification of the slicing of choice.4 3 Trouble beyond the horizon? |
| work_7znlnmthv5g27is73pg6go5ewi | This does lead to a certain embarrassment of riches: on what basis does the presentist choose one? |
| work_cp6a5pasbjeh5puh4bpzc5wvdu | What ’s right with a syntactic approach to theories and models? |
| work_5wj33vxnh5bs3mss7stvw2r4ny | Are they motivated by bequests or precaution? |
| work_5wj33vxnh5bs3mss7stvw2r4ny | But do these introspective data constitute psychological data? |
| work_5wj33vxnh5bs3mss7stvw2r4ny | But why not? |
| work_5wj33vxnh5bs3mss7stvw2r4ny | Is n’t it a laudable aim? ” Everyone in the debate accepts that modeling cognition and neurobiology is a laudable aim that ought to be pursued. |
| work_5wj33vxnh5bs3mss7stvw2r4ny | “ Neuroeconomics: Hype or Hope? ” Journal of Economic Methodology 17:103–6. |
| work_5wj33vxnh5bs3mss7stvw2r4ny | “ Neuroeconomics: Two Camps Gradually Converging; What Can Economics Gain from It? ” International Review of Economics 58:267–85. |
| work_5wj33vxnh5bs3mss7stvw2r4ny | “ What Is Neuroeconomics? ” Unpublished manuscript. |
| work_5wj33vxnh5bs3mss7stvw2r4ny | “ What ’s So Informative about Choice? ” In The Foundations of Positive and Normative Economics: A Handbook, ed. |
| work_5wj33vxnh5bs3mss7stvw2r4ny | “ ‘ Economics and Psychology ’? |
| work_ash53a764zaphkcxjeyu7lrrbe | Cp- laws: metaphysically or epistemically incomplete? |
| work_ash53a764zaphkcxjeyu7lrrbe | Who ’s afraid of ceteris- paribus laws? |
| work_5uxr4kcusfhdrhcn3j6ouxq3nu | ( 2009), “ Is Spacetime Hole- Free? ” General Relativity and Gravitation, 41: 1639- 1643. |
| work_5uxr4kcusfhdrhcn3j6ouxq3nu | ( GC)+3? |
| work_5uxr4kcusfhdrhcn3j6ouxq3nu | ( GC)+3? |
| work_5uxr4kcusfhdrhcn3j6ouxq3nu | ( HF)( GC)+3( EC) 7? |
| work_5uxr4kcusfhdrhcn3j6ouxq3nu | +3( HF) Figure 1: Is there a physically significant intermediate condition which is implied by( GC) and implies( HF)? |
| work_5uxr4kcusfhdrhcn3j6ouxq3nu | +3( I) Figure 2: Is there a physically significant intermediate condition which is implied by( GC) and implies( I)? |
| work_5uxr4kcusfhdrhcn3j6ouxq3nu | 5( HF)( GC)+3? |
| work_5uxr4kcusfhdrhcn3j6ouxq3nu | 9A �%( I) Figure 3: Is there a physically significant intermediate condition which is implied by( GC) and implies both( HF) and( I)? |
| work_5uxr4kcusfhdrhcn3j6ouxq3nu | How are these three conditions related? |
| work_5uxr4kcusfhdrhcn3j6ouxq3nu | What about the stronger causal condition of global hyperbolicity? |
| work_5uxr4kcusfhdrhcn3j6ouxq3nu | What is the relationship between geodesic completeness and inextendibility? |
| work_5uxr4kcusfhdrhcn3j6ouxq3nu | What is the relationship between hole- freeness and geodesic completeness? |
| work_5uxr4kcusfhdrhcn3j6ouxq3nu | Why might such an intermediate condition be of interest? |
| work_ax7jkhzb3bejvccl4idx4jimzm | Can we then identify it with rational degree of belief? |
| work_ax7jkhzb3bejvccl4idx4jimzm | Degree of confirmation? |
| work_ax7jkhzb3bejvccl4idx4jimzm | Is inductive probability then the same thing as logical probability? |
| work_ax7jkhzb3bejvccl4idx4jimzm | Rational degree of belief? |
| work_ax7jkhzb3bejvccl4idx4jimzm | What is the probability that it will land heads? |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | Are There no Sundays in a Quantum Engineer ’s Life? |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | But do they tend to change things once they are on the scene? |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | Clifton, Rob, and Hans Halvorson( 2002), ‘ ‘ No Place for Particles in Relativistic Quantum Theories? ’ ’, Philosophy of Science 69: 1–28. |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | If one is looking for something ‘ ‘ real ’ ’ in quantum theory, what more direct tack could one take than to look to its technologies? |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | Information about what? |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | Maudlin, Tim( 2001), ‘ ‘ Interpreting Probabilities: What Interference Got To Do With It? ’ ’, in Jan Bricmont et al. |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | Or did it have to wait a little longer, for some better- qualified system — with a Ph.D.? |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | Probabilities of what, exactly? |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | The Quantum State — It or Bit? |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | The question is then what is so realistic about this theory? |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | Was the wave function of the world waiting to jump for thousands of millions of years until a single- celled living creature ap- peared? |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | What Price Consistency? |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | What exactly qualifies some physical systems to play the role of the ‘ ‘ mea- surer ’ ’? |
| work_4m52w5gfxbab7pzmxa4p6mmmdm | Why not take that or a similar effect as the grounding for what quantum mechanics is trying to tell us about nature? |
| work_bv2una2m2ffo3cup6uhd3ysh2q | But how does the weak operator topology of the Universalist compare to the weak operator topology of the Hilbert Space Conservative? |
| work_bv2una2m2ffo3cup6uhd3ysh2q | Does the Universalist have access to parochial observables like temperature, particle number, and net magnetization? |
| work_bv2una2m2ffo3cup6uhd3ysh2q | “ Are Rindler Quanta Real? |
| work_6s6mnsx45zdupajkwtungwwilu | After all, what else can we do but investigate something with as many modes of investigation as possible? |
| work_6s6mnsx45zdupajkwtungwwilu | But if robustness is a qualitative notion, how do we demarcate robust from nonrobust evidence? |
| work_6s6mnsx45zdupajkwtungwwilu | Finally, consider discordant data: Multiple experimental results are not always coherent; which results should we believe? |
| work_6s6mnsx45zdupajkwtungwwilu | Finally, one might ask: Since we ’re all fallibilists, does n’t robustness seem like a valuable methodological strategy? |
| work_6s6mnsx45zdupajkwtungwwilu | How is it even possible for evidence from different types of experiments to cohere? |
| work_6s6mnsx45zdupajkwtungwwilu | How should they choose? |
| work_6s6mnsx45zdupajkwtungwwilu | Which kinds of data are high- quality? |
| work_6s6mnsx45zdupajkwtungwwilu | Which kinds of data are most relevant to the hypothesis? |
| work_6s6mnsx45zdupajkwtungwwilu | Worrall, John( 2002), “ What Evidence in Evidence- Based Medicine? ”, Philosophy of Science 69( Proceedings): S316–S330. |
| work_6s6mnsx45zdupajkwtungwwilu | — — —( 2007), “ Are RCTs the Gold Standard? ”, Biosciences 2: 11–20. |
| work_5roq7hlkrvbqvjzo4mte37vhg4 | But what if this signal is over- estimated to be extremely precise? |
| work_5roq7hlkrvbqvjzo4mte37vhg4 | Friston, K.[ 2010]: ‘ The Free- Energy Principle: A Unified Brain Theory? ’, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, pp. |
| work_5roq7hlkrvbqvjzo4mte37vhg4 | How does a completely implausible hypothesis become a candidate for incorporation into an agent ’s predictive model of the world? |
| work_5roq7hlkrvbqvjzo4mte37vhg4 | The default contrast would be my taking a holiday in Spain; so, more explicitly, your question would be: why did I go to Greece rather than to Spain? |
| work_5roq7hlkrvbqvjzo4mte37vhg4 | We often make this contrastive foil explicit( e.g., why did you go to the cinema rather than stay home?) |
| work_5roq7hlkrvbqvjzo4mte37vhg4 | What could lead a system to even consider a nonstarter hypothesis as a possible explanation? |
| work_5roq7hlkrvbqvjzo4mte37vhg4 | Why does someone believe that her conscious thought belongs to the houses, rather than to her? |
| work_5roq7hlkrvbqvjzo4mte37vhg4 | Why does someone believe that her mother is an imposter, rather than her mother? |
| work_5roq7hlkrvbqvjzo4mte37vhg4 | Why does someone believe that she can move her paralyzed arm, rather than that her arm is immobile? |
| work_5roq7hlkrvbqvjzo4mte37vhg4 | With respect to delusion formation, the general form of the question theorists aim to answer is this: why does an agent form a delusional belief? |
| work_5roq7hlkrvbqvjzo4mte37vhg4 | [ 2012]: ‘ Bayesian Models of Cognition: What''s Built in After All? ’ Philosophy Compass, 7, pp. |
| work_5roq7hlkrvbqvjzo4mte37vhg4 | [ 2013]: ‘ Whatever Next? |
| work_5roq7hlkrvbqvjzo4mte37vhg4 | • User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘ fair dealing ’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988(?) |
| work_aky4pllozzawhkthr444bxy32y | CUP, Cambridge Armstrong DM( 1983) What is a law of nature? |
| work_aky4pllozzawhkthr444bxy32y | Dent, Toronto Leslie J, Keeble S( 1987) Do six- month- old infants perceive causality? |
| work_aky4pllozzawhkthr444bxy32y | Harper and Row, New York Koyré A( 1965) Gravity an essential property of matter? |
| work_6t3egqikxbcmjikfa7nwyw5tui | ( 2) How do scientists determine whether a given feature is shared or not? |
| work_6t3egqikxbcmjikfa7nwyw5tui | ( 2) What is the sort of relation that generally holds between models and targets? |
| work_6t3egqikxbcmjikfa7nwyw5tui | ( 3) Is feature- sharing a gradual or dichotomous concept? |
| work_6t3egqikxbcmjikfa7nwyw5tui | ( 3) What underlies scientists ’ judgements of the extent to which models are similar to their targets? |
| work_6t3egqikxbcmjikfa7nwyw5tui | ( 4) What is the role of background theory and modelling goals in determining whether features count as shared? |
| work_6t3egqikxbcmjikfa7nwyw5tui | 1 Introduction 2 Weisberg ’s Feature- Sharing Account 3 What is a Shared Feature? |
| work_6t3egqikxbcmjikfa7nwyw5tui | 3 What Is a Shared Feature? |
| work_6t3egqikxbcmjikfa7nwyw5tui | How much does this move to pluralism depart from Weisberg ’s initial project, then? |
| work_cmjgsmj2hnba5ho3hrmllb4bli | 9 better epistemically to fail to take that knowledge into account? |
| work_cmjgsmj2hnba5ho3hrmllb4bli | “ Did Pearson Reject the Neyman- Pearson Philosophy of Statistics? ” Syn- these 90:233–62. |
| work_cmjgsmj2hnba5ho3hrmllb4bli | “ Statistical Principles? ” Normal Deviate( Blog). |
| work_65rucm7klfew5bzowytyb75bpy | 28 Gottfried, G. M.[ 1997]: ‘ Comprehending compounds: Evidence for metaphoric skill? ’, Journal of Child Language, 24, pp.163- 186. |
| work_65rucm7klfew5bzowytyb75bpy | 4.3 Domain Crossing And Its Manifestations So, in which ways must cognitive dispositions resemble those of the explicit case? |
| work_65rucm7klfew5bzowytyb75bpy | 4.6 Domain crossing and Grammatical Concepts We finally get to the payoff: do naïve speakers possess C- COMMAND? |
| work_65rucm7klfew5bzowytyb75bpy | Culbertson, J. and Gross, S.[ 2009]: ‘ Are linguists better subjects? ’, British Journal of Philosophy of Science, 60, pp. |
| work_65rucm7klfew5bzowytyb75bpy | Davies, M.[ 1987]: ‘ Tacit Knowledge and Semantic Theory: can a five percent difference matter? ’, Mind, 96, pp. |
| work_65rucm7klfew5bzowytyb75bpy | Freeman and Co. Matthews, R.[ 2006]: ‘ Could Competent Speakers Really Be Ignorant of Their Language? ’, Croatian Journal of Philosophy, 6, pp. |
| work_65rucm7klfew5bzowytyb75bpy | How is it possible for linguists to obtain evidence from them, in the form of linguistic judgments? |
| work_65rucm7klfew5bzowytyb75bpy | How would such a conscious accessibility manifest itself? |
| work_65rucm7klfew5bzowytyb75bpy | So, the question is: are C- COMMAND and the like fully recombinable in a naïve competent speaker''s mind? |
| work_65rucm7klfew5bzowytyb75bpy | The question is: how can we further characterize R? |
| work_65rucm7klfew5bzowytyb75bpy | [ 1998]: ‘ Do houseflies think? |
| work_65rucm7klfew5bzowytyb75bpy | [ 1999]: ‘ Is vision continuous with cognition? |
| work_7sozkwoatngvpochmfr7ef3fn4 | After all, what could we say by way of answering the question"why does sodium contain the atomic structure that it does"? |
| work_7sozkwoatngvpochmfr7ef3fn4 | But why does that make explanations in terms of the latter type of laws less preferable? |
| work_7sozkwoatngvpochmfr7ef3fn4 | Or to put the question another way, why should laws that explain more explain better? |
| work_7sozkwoatngvpochmfr7ef3fn4 | Should we keep it but believe that it is not an essential explanation? |
| work_7sozkwoatngvpochmfr7ef3fn4 | Should we reject the explanation? |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | ( 2014) “ Why Is There Universal Macro- Behavior? |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | ( forthcoming b) “ Is There A Monist Theory of Causal and Non- Causal Explanations? |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | 5 abstract? |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | Abstract versus Causal Explanations ISPS philsci_archive 1 Abstract versus Causal Explanations? |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | But what does being abstract amount to? |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | Does the feature of abstractness make an explanation non- causal? |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | How is the abstractness assumption motivated? |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | However, is the abstractness assumption reliable? |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | Lange, M.[ 2011]: ‘ Conservation Laws in Scientific Explanations: Constraints or Coincidences? ’, Philosophy of Science 78: pp. |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | Lange, M.[ 2013a]: ‘ What Makes an Explanation Distinctively Mathematical? ’ British Journal of the Philosophy of Science 64(3), pp. |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | Looking forward from this conclusion, what changes if one resists the intuitive plausibility of the abstractness assumption? |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | Why did the traveler fail? |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | [ 2004]: What Wrong with Microphysicalism? |
| work_22ztutcuozhnbhqztyy5bc4knm | [ 2008]: ‘ Can Classical Structures Explain Quantum Phenomena? ’ British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 59(2), pp. |
| work_a2msjiuj5vdntktyk3qvpkxn4a | But what exactly is the target? |
| work_a2msjiuj5vdntktyk3qvpkxn4a | How are we to assess material object – target correspondence here? |
| work_a2msjiuj5vdntktyk3qvpkxn4a | How is it classified materially? |
| work_a2msjiuj5vdntktyk3qvpkxn4a | “ Does Matter Really Matter? |
| work_a2msjiuj5vdntktyk3qvpkxn4a | “ Is Simulation an Epistemic Substitute for Experimentation? ” In Simulations and Networks, ed. |
| work_7ldou65t7fgdzjqe6jufixmuvy | A “ Proto- Inertial ” Principle? |
| work_7ldou65t7fgdzjqe6jufixmuvy | After all, what kind of empirical information could we conceivably possess about that kind of counterfactual situation? |
| work_7ldou65t7fgdzjqe6jufixmuvy | And I only do this with respect to one very specific problem: What can we say about hor- izontal motion in the absence of impediments? |
| work_7ldou65t7fgdzjqe6jufixmuvy | But under which conditions can the false teach us something relevant? |
| work_7ldou65t7fgdzjqe6jufixmuvy | But why is this the case? |
| work_7ldou65t7fgdzjqe6jufixmuvy | How can we decide whether this is only due to impediments rather than also following from the nature of bodies( and motion)? |
| work_7ldou65t7fgdzjqe6jufixmuvy | What did happen in the meantime? |
| work_7ldou65t7fgdzjqe6jufixmuvy | Why “ legitimately ”? |
| work_7ldou65t7fgdzjqe6jufixmuvy | “ Hunting the White Elephant: When and How Did Ga- lileo Discover the Law of Fall? ” Science in Context 13( 3/4): 299–419. |
| work_davltpicabhkdjx4nbh4iqh53a | Is the Gibbsian or the Boltzmannian equilibrium the correct one? |
| work_c2wivlbqtjgl3coayuiwt2wecu | And how can we know this? |
| work_c2wivlbqtjgl3coayuiwt2wecu | But what is the alternative project? |
| work_c2wivlbqtjgl3coayuiwt2wecu | But why not to try to locate the problem elsewhere? |
| work_c2wivlbqtjgl3coayuiwt2wecu | Why should we expect that unitary Hamiltonians are priviledged sort of representa- tions? |
| work_3cfxowlgjzgalklywhsgpemukm | ( Does m(pi), pi ∈ P, represent the mass or the charge of the ith planet, for example?) |
| work_3cfxowlgjzgalklywhsgpemukm | Does this fact pose any problems for thinking of the models in question as sets of propositions? |
| work_3cfxowlgjzgalklywhsgpemukm | Is there any special problem in thinking of such a model as a set of propositions? |
| work_3cfxowlgjzgalklywhsgpemukm | My initial question, rather unsurprisingly, is now: What notion of model is being invoked when a proponent of the semantic view utters( I), or( M)? |
| work_3cfxowlgjzgalklywhsgpemukm | Rosen, G.( 1994), “ What is Constructive Empiricism? ”, Philosophical Studies 74: 143- 178. |
| work_3cfxowlgjzgalklywhsgpemukm | Shall we say that Suppes and van Fraassen are wrong about what a model is, and that Achinstein is more nearly right? |
| work_3cfxowlgjzgalklywhsgpemukm | Suppe, F.( 1972), “ What ’s Wrong with the Received View on the Structure of Scientific Theories? ”, Philosophy of Science 39: 1- 19. |
| work_3cfxowlgjzgalklywhsgpemukm | Suppes, P.( 1967), “ What is a Scientific Theory? ”, in S. Morgenbesser, ed., Philosophy of Science Today. |
| work_3cfxowlgjzgalklywhsgpemukm | The “ things ” which appear in his example seem to be a set of molecules, the power set of that set, and( a set of?) |
| work_3cfxowlgjzgalklywhsgpemukm | What exactly is it that the mathematical model approach might be thought to have succeeded at here? |
| work_7cmvlpghgrh7zieqdxjvemchy4 | But 5 what happens under setup of wakening? |
| work_7cmvlpghgrh7zieqdxjvemchy4 | But what sense does it make to define such an event? |
| work_7cmvlpghgrh7zieqdxjvemchy4 | Does the credence of 1/3 imply that SB stops believing in fairness of the coin? |
| work_7cmvlpghgrh7zieqdxjvemchy4 | First interpretation is ‘ What is your credence that the coin landed Heads under setup of coin tossing? ’, and the answer should be ½. |
| work_7cmvlpghgrh7zieqdxjvemchy4 | How can the problem be resolved? |
| work_7cmvlpghgrh7zieqdxjvemchy4 | So, how from the first ½ do we get that only 1/3 of all balls in the box are green, and therefore 1/3 for the probability to pick out a green one? |
| work_7cmvlpghgrh7zieqdxjvemchy4 | So, why do we tend to confuse them if they are not mentioned in the question explicitly? |
| work_7cmvlpghgrh7zieqdxjvemchy4 | What does it mean? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | 2 4 PHYSICS TODAY/ MARCH 1984 0031- 9228/ 84/ nnnn? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | Description or explanation? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | Furthermore, how can private mental content be projected into public space and remain private? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | How can it be both? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | How, then, can what we perceive be both inside our heads and outside? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | Laboratory or armchair? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | Let us turn next to the question: Why are there two kinds of science? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | Perceptible or imperceptible? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | Repetition or novelty? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | What has gone wrong? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | Why are the entities of empirical science always perceptible and the entities of theoreti- cal science always imperceptible? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | Why are there all these dualities? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | Why are there two kinds of prediction — of repetition and of novelty? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | Why are there two kinds of reality, empirical and theoretical? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | Why are there two methods in science — experi- mental and armchair? |
| work_47vypy3fxvcmrdfax4772b6mfi | Why is there the distinction between descrip- tion and explanation? |
| work_a5yme4kcbje2lc7jvdcwyfub4i | Is a bond structure something that is necessarily embedded in space? |
| work_a5yme4kcbje2lc7jvdcwyfub4i | Is one more basic or fundamental than the other? |
| work_a5yme4kcbje2lc7jvdcwyfub4i | The different sets of substances which share different aspects of its structure overlap: why should n’t they? |
| work_a5yme4kcbje2lc7jvdcwyfub4i | What is Structure? |
| work_a5yme4kcbje2lc7jvdcwyfub4i | What is the relationship between them? |
| work_a5yme4kcbje2lc7jvdcwyfub4i | What ’s so Special About It? ” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B359:1145- 65. |
| work_a5yme4kcbje2lc7jvdcwyfub4i | “ Water? |
| work_a5hyfypnzjflpkgiqahhdg7et4 | ( 2) Has there really been a change in the reference classes such as to enable Lewis ’s response to PMI to get off the ground? |
| work_a5hyfypnzjflpkgiqahhdg7et4 | ( 2) So has there been a change in the reference class of the kind that Lewisian realism requires? |
| work_a5hyfypnzjflpkgiqahhdg7et4 | But what exactly are the theories which are neither successful nor true? |
| work_a5hyfypnzjflpkgiqahhdg7et4 | But why should we care about those theories? |
| work_a5hyfypnzjflpkgiqahhdg7et4 | Here we need to be more careful about the real objective of the PMI argument — what is the conclusion being inferred exactly? |
| work_a5hyfypnzjflpkgiqahhdg7et4 | So is this reading of the argument then subject to the turnover fallacy as Lange suggests? |
| work_dc5xarfzfzbwbc7vjw5azcn3be | The key question is thus, What causal information is important to an explanation? |
| work_dc5xarfzfzbwbc7vjw5azcn3be | What physical property qualifies this event as an economic exchange? |
| work_awlpe4ejyzej7grasppfhwphqa | 1 Introduction 2 What Is Attention? |
| work_awlpe4ejyzej7grasppfhwphqa | 6 Conclusion What is attention? |
| work_awlpe4ejyzej7grasppfhwphqa | Lavie, N.[ 2005]: ‘ Distracted and Confused? |
| work_awlpe4ejyzej7grasppfhwphqa | Pestilli, F., Viera, G. and Carrasco, M.[ 2007]: ‘ How Do Attention and Adaptation Affect Contrast Sensitivity? ’, Journal of Vision, 7, pp. |
| work_7jlnn2nun5e5dapdwc2ycpudae | 680- 703] Discussion Are There Material Objects in Bohm''s Theory? |
| work_7jlnn2nun5e5dapdwc2ycpudae | And he offered the following explanation: How might we explain this blindness on Jensen''s part? |
| work_7jlnn2nun5e5dapdwc2ycpudae | Are VE theories automatically refuted by the mere fact of high WGH? |
| work_7jlnn2nun5e5dapdwc2ycpudae | But are the views attacked by Gould really bad science? |
| work_7jlnn2nun5e5dapdwc2ycpudae | Dummett, Michael( 1981),"Ought Research to Be Unrestricted? |
| work_7jlnn2nun5e5dapdwc2ycpudae | Indeed, why were exactly these five traits singled out for heritability studies? |
| work_7jlnn2nun5e5dapdwc2ycpudae | Rodgers, Joseph L.( 2000),"A Critique of the Flynn Effect: Massive IQ Gains, Methodo- logical Artifacts, or Both? |
| work_7jlnn2nun5e5dapdwc2ycpudae | Whence Between- Group Heritability? |
| work_7jlnn2nun5e5dapdwc2ycpudae | Why is this small segment of contemporary philosophy of science in such a sorry state? |
| work_7jlnn2nun5e5dapdwc2ycpudae | and Scholastic Achievement? |
| work_7jlnn2nun5e5dapdwc2ycpudae | high in the population as a whole, and that variation between groups has a( correspondingly?) |
| work_cmkoqz22mjdzdglcw2y4swmxyi | ( 1) Could our initial ignorance of the apparatus state explain the final mixture of apparently collapsed states? |
| work_cmkoqz22mjdzdglcw2y4swmxyi | It might be conceivable that such a mechanism works[...] Or is it? |
| work_cmkoqz22mjdzdglcw2y4swmxyi | Who are the ones who ‘ often proposed ’ it? |
| work_4e7saadatnhihj36wykhscz7ce | ( 1988),"Discussion: Are Probabilism and Special Relativity Compatible? |
| work_4e7saadatnhihj36wykhscz7ce | ( 2) By what( spatio- temporal) criterion is one to distinguish, at any given stage, the"definite"from the"not yet settled"? |
| work_4e7saadatnhihj36wykhscz7ce | ( Ibid., 38; Maxwell''s emphasis) But why, one must ask, would not''tachyonic"collapse suffice? |
| work_4e7saadatnhihj36wykhscz7ce | A little reflection will show that the question could have been put an- other way: Why is the velocity of light so great? |
| work_4e7saadatnhihj36wykhscz7ce | Again, why suppose a finite number of possible alternatives; and, indeed, of equally probable ones? |
| work_4e7saadatnhihj36wykhscz7ce | Evidently Maxwell assumes that the relation"x and y are indefinite for each other"is transitive; but why? |
| work_4e7saadatnhihj36wykhscz7ce | How, then, can one measure that underlying fleeting structure? |
| work_4e7saadatnhihj36wykhscz7ce | If this is a misunderstanding, what can account for its persistence? |
| work_4e7saadatnhihj36wykhscz7ce | Maxwell, N.( 1985),"Are Probabilism and Special Relativity Incompatible? |
| work_4e7saadatnhihj36wykhscz7ce | Schr6dinger, E.( 1946), What is Life? |
| work_4e7saadatnhihj36wykhscz7ce | This granted, what- we must reflect- are solid bodies? |
| work_4e7saadatnhihj36wykhscz7ce | Two questions, therefore, must be answered:( 1) What is the( spatio- temporal) nature of the"stages"? |
| work_4e7saadatnhihj36wykhscz7ce | Why should this be so? |
| work_7zc4vjgjeffujmvl4fv5vdnlwq | ), Philosophical Methodology: The Armchair or the Laboratory? |
| work_7zc4vjgjeffujmvl4fv5vdnlwq | But how should we conceive of the claim: ‘ the linguistic state of fundamental physics is the proper starting point for metaphysics ’? |
| work_7zc4vjgjeffujmvl4fv5vdnlwq | Does ontology rest on a mistake? |
| work_7zc4vjgjeffujmvl4fv5vdnlwq | Does physics answer metaphysical questions? |
| work_7zc4vjgjeffujmvl4fv5vdnlwq | Science as a guide to metaphysics? |
| work_7zc4vjgjeffujmvl4fv5vdnlwq | What is mathematical truth? |
| work_cf2wppagozdcxihm5pulquhmxa | 59( 2008), 253–257 R E V I E W ANDREAS HÜTTEMANN What ’s Wrong With Microphysicalism? |
| work_cf2wppagozdcxihm5pulquhmxa | All in all, What ’s Wrong With Microphysi- calism? |
| work_cf2wppagozdcxihm5pulquhmxa | But why is n’t the direction of composition just as much of a poten- tial symmetry- breaker as the direction of causation? |
| work_cf2wppagozdcxihm5pulquhmxa | There is much to admire about What ’s Wrong With Microphysicalism? |
| work_7vre6rhalncgfekzl4abpp2vrq | Are the ceteris paribus laws described by Dorato merely placeholders for the laws of physics? |
| work_7vre6rhalncgfekzl4abpp2vrq | Beside the fact that this construal does n’t add much to their analysis, is it really a statistical population that a patient is part of? |
| work_7vre6rhalncgfekzl4abpp2vrq | Could methodological unity be replaced by ontological unity? |
| work_7vre6rhalncgfekzl4abpp2vrq | Does an abstract statistical population have parts that are flesh- and- blood individuals? |
| work_7vre6rhalncgfekzl4abpp2vrq | Is n’t it rather its mathematical description? |
| work_7vre6rhalncgfekzl4abpp2vrq | Or else, if we start from elements, accord- ing to which principle will the set of those forming a whole be circumscribed? |
| work_5rzurx4kjjb7viwqn2kte52dma | ) 14 But what exactly makes the explanation non- causal? |
| work_5rzurx4kjjb7viwqn2kte52dma | Are there non- causal explanations( of particular events)? |
| work_5rzurx4kjjb7viwqn2kte52dma | But is it the case that all non- causal explanations that thus turn on non- local “ geo- metry of motion ” are exclusive to kinematics? |
| work_5rzurx4kjjb7viwqn2kte52dma | Does the magnetic field causes the neutron wavefunction phase to shift, after all? |
| work_5rzurx4kjjb7viwqn2kte52dma | Given this, is there still a close parallel between this explanation and the non- causal explanations explored above? |
| work_5rzurx4kjjb7viwqn2kte52dma | How worthwhile is this demarca- tion issue? |
| work_5rzurx4kjjb7viwqn2kte52dma | One might worry that the issue ultimately turns out to be largely terminological: “ So you think it is worth calling that a ‘ cause ’? |
| work_5rzurx4kjjb7viwqn2kte52dma | What makes a scientific explanation distinctively math- ematical? |
| work_5rzurx4kjjb7viwqn2kte52dma | Why does it travel 100 meters in 4.47 seconds? |
| work_5rzurx4kjjb7viwqn2kte52dma | Why is that? |
| work_5rzurx4kjjb7viwqn2kte52dma | Why? |
| work_b5mguw6g5rfb3jz5z5qpd76l3i | Ruse M.[ 2003]: Darwin and Design: Does evolution have a purpose?, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. |
| work_67ladgm6lzgdfgmzoc7fg5gphq | And if the latter, then what does Suzy do instead? |
| work_67ladgm6lzgdfgmzoc7fg5gphq | But what accounts for the time asymmetry of counterfactual dependence? |
| work_67ladgm6lzgdfgmzoc7fg5gphq | But what explains this asymmetry? |
| work_67ladgm6lzgdfgmzoc7fg5gphq | But why is counterfactual dependence time asymmetric? |
| work_67ladgm6lzgdfgmzoc7fg5gphq | But why is counterfactual dependence time asymmetric? |
| work_67ladgm6lzgdfgmzoc7fg5gphq | Does it require that we can rationally maintain the belief that we have control over our decisions( even though the belief might be false)? |
| work_67ladgm6lzgdfgmzoc7fg5gphq | Is it a state where everything in the region where Suzy ’s throw actually occurs is replaced by empty space? |
| work_67ladgm6lzgdfgmzoc7fg5gphq | Or a state where Suzy is present but does something else? |
| work_67ladgm6lzgdfgmzoc7fg5gphq | Or does it require that we actually have such control? |
| work_67ladgm6lzgdfgmzoc7fg5gphq | Which of these states is most similar to the actual state? |
| work_67ladgm6lzgdfgmzoc7fg5gphq | Why then should counterfactual dependence be fragile in Frisch cases? |
| work_67ladgm6lzgdfgmzoc7fg5gphq | Would this give you control over Rome ’s existence? |
| work_c4flcypxzfez3eum246idixyqm | Bayes or Bust? |
| work_c4flcypxzfez3eum246idixyqm | Do we, as Howson and Urbach assert, have a Bayesian explanation of the value of diverse evidence? |
| work_c4flcypxzfez3eum246idixyqm | Howson,( 1984),"Why Do Scientists Prefer to Vary Their Experi- ments? |
| work_c4flcypxzfez3eum246idixyqm | Is this an instance, as Earman claims, of"providing a Bayesian rationale for what are regarded as sound meth- odological procedures"( ibid., 63)? |
| work_c4flcypxzfez3eum246idixyqm | What becomes of Horwich''s analysis when this assumption is removed? |
| work_c4s7pkgqufevzob4z575ujo57y | But, as we have noted, many other candidate functions could come up against g; would it undermine our confidence that g gave us a reliable answer? |
| work_c4s7pkgqufevzob4z575ujo57y | This situation raises interesting conceptual questions: What is the value of s2 3 after all? |
| work_c4s7pkgqufevzob4z575ujo57y | What about g? |
| work_c4s7pkgqufevzob4z575ujo57y | What is this principle then? |
| work_bj3743opfngqtgyiokcrvyrpja | 1 What is the philosophical lesson of this apparent conflict between relativistic causality and localizability? |
| work_bj3743opfngqtgyiokcrvyrpja | 5 Are there Unsharply Localizable Particles? |
| work_bj3743opfngqtgyiokcrvyrpja | 6 Are there Localizable Particles in RQFT? |
| work_bj3743opfngqtgyiokcrvyrpja | Does either statement have any empirical consequences and, if so, how do their empirical consequences differ? |
| work_bj3743opfngqtgyiokcrvyrpja | If E∆ is not measurable in ∆, then why should we say that “ E∆ is localized in ∆ ”? |
| work_bj3743opfngqtgyiokcrvyrpja | Why not say instead that “ E∆ is localized in ∆′ ”( where ∆′ 6= ∆)? |
| work_bj3743opfngqtgyiokcrvyrpja | home/ www/ ftp/ data/ quant- ph/ dir_0103041/0103041.dvi No place for particles in relativistic quantum theories? |
| work_62e6kbodxnc6navzzmglcvmqd4 | 2Note that this is distinct from the prior question concerning the empirical success of 2 details with negligible loss of predictive power? |
| work_62e6kbodxnc6navzzmglcvmqd4 | 8 How may one establish whether a theory is renormalisable? |
| work_62e6kbodxnc6navzzmglcvmqd4 | Does naturalness failure imply failure of autonomyms? |
| work_62e6kbodxnc6navzzmglcvmqd4 | In order to address the title question, a second related question must be answered: how do the low- energy and high- energy EFTs relate to each other? |
| work_62e6kbodxnc6navzzmglcvmqd4 | In what sense might it be said that the low- energy theory floats free from the high- energy theory? |
| work_62e6kbodxnc6navzzmglcvmqd4 | Now it ’s time to return to the question with which I started: whence the effectiveness of EFTs? |
| work_62e6kbodxnc6navzzmglcvmqd4 | The first question corresponds to the title: what about EFTs underlies their effective- ness? |
| work_62e6kbodxnc6navzzmglcvmqd4 | The title question is a special case of the more profound question: how is higher- level science possible at all? |
| work_62e6kbodxnc6navzzmglcvmqd4 | Whence the Effectiveness of Effective Field Theories? |
| work_bmbsou5ykzc2bcyidpzdionpve | First, what counts as regular “ productive ” behavior in a part or component of a mechanism? |
| work_bmbsou5ykzc2bcyidpzdionpve | What Is a Mechanism? |
| work_bmbsou5ykzc2bcyidpzdionpve | What is a mechanism? |
| work_bmbsou5ykzc2bcyidpzdionpve | What is the mechanism that determines whether these enzymes are produced? |
| work_cnm6np3tcfhzvbqz7t23yz4yh4 | Is this latter claim correct? |
| work_cnm6np3tcfhzvbqz7t23yz4yh4 | What about gauge invariance at the quantum level? |
| work_cnm6np3tcfhzvbqz7t23yz4yh4 | “ Dual Theories: ‘ Same but Different ’ or ‘ Different but Same ’? ” Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, forthcoming. |
| work_cnm6np3tcfhzvbqz7t23yz4yh4 | “ Gauge/ Gravity Duality. ” In Towards Quantum Grav- ity? |
| work_cnm6np3tcfhzvbqz7t23yz4yh4 | “ Is Diffeomorphism Invariance Emergent? ” Unpublished manuscript, University of Cambridge. |
| work_bq66hycwizfpxbk53xl2vmtcmm | ( 1981b),"Are General Equilibrium Theories Explanatory?" |
| work_bq66hycwizfpxbk53xl2vmtcmm | 89- 100] What Revisions Does Bootstrap Testing Need? |
| work_bq66hycwizfpxbk53xl2vmtcmm | Are we not forced to conclude that Mill''s economics and modern economics are different entities? |
| work_bq66hycwizfpxbk53xl2vmtcmm | III In what sense is it fair to say that Hausman''s interpretation is textually one- sided? |
| work_bq66hycwizfpxbk53xl2vmtcmm | Of what use, then, is the science? |
| work_bq66hycwizfpxbk53xl2vmtcmm | Why? |
| work_bj6cgsmflrguvh7g3ekycpbfie | Alternatively, might a claim that nature should show “ consistency ” not lead one to favour the view that the physical world is made of atoms? |
| work_bj6cgsmflrguvh7g3ekycpbfie | But why is Leibniz thinking this? |
| work_bj6cgsmflrguvh7g3ekycpbfie | How does the principle give us an argument for the existence of God? |
| work_bj6cgsmflrguvh7g3ekycpbfie | Is Leibniz using these examples to make Hobbesian points? |
| work_bj6cgsmflrguvh7g3ekycpbfie | Might some minds having bodies and others not simply be a matter of the “ variety and embellishment ” of nature? |
| work_bj6cgsmflrguvh7g3ekycpbfie | Rather, it creates the whole system with its motions”.16 In what way is that supposed to be objectionable to Hobbes? |
| work_bj6cgsmflrguvh7g3ekycpbfie | So why does Leibniz not credit Hobbes with having a sort of active force in his view? |
| work_7t65sh4j2vcfljpmpgqsbeyriy | But how confident need they be? |
| work_7t65sh4j2vcfljpmpgqsbeyriy | But how should these uncer- tainty assessments inform decisions? |
| work_7t65sh4j2vcfljpmpgqsbeyriy | Does it capture our state of knowledge and uncertainty properly? |
| work_7t65sh4j2vcfljpmpgqsbeyriy | Does it integrate into a reasonable account of decision? |
| work_7t65sh4j2vcfljpmpgqsbeyriy | In short, it answers the question: How much does the world warm if we double CO2? |
| work_7t65sh4j2vcfljpmpgqsbeyriy | Is it always rational to satisfy Savage ’s axioms? |
| work_7t65sh4j2vcfljpmpgqsbeyriy | What can be inferred about the prospect of both low rainfall and low temperature? |
| work_7t65sh4j2vcfljpmpgqsbeyriy | What role should these second- order confidence weights play in decision mak- ing? |
| work_7qwvo7rinvgofo5zzochktpr2e | 16 of an effect across varying structural assumptions in a model.15 Does the Zollman effect show structural robustness? |
| work_7qwvo7rinvgofo5zzochktpr2e | 5.1 When Does Network Structure Matter in the Models? |
| work_7qwvo7rinvgofo5zzochktpr2e | Are there biased peers in the community? |
| work_7qwvo7rinvgofo5zzochktpr2e | Are we exploratory agents, who will keep after a possibility even if we think it might be wrong, or not? |
| work_7qwvo7rinvgofo5zzochktpr2e | How many researchers will tackle a particular problem in the end? |
| work_7qwvo7rinvgofo5zzochktpr2e | How much data will our community be able to generate on a particular problem, and in what sized chunks will this data be generated? |
| work_7qwvo7rinvgofo5zzochktpr2e | In Epistemic Networks, Is Less Really More? |
| work_7qwvo7rinvgofo5zzochktpr2e | Is one theory going to turn out to be clearly better than another theory? |
| work_7qwvo7rinvgofo5zzochktpr2e | Surely we can determine the approximate size of the community or the approximate size of the trials that can be run? |
| work_7qwvo7rinvgofo5zzochktpr2e | What sorts of real world recommendations do network epistemology models license? |
| work_7qwvo7rinvgofo5zzochktpr2e | Why these effects? |
| work_5didfvpmx5ac5f6kdym5bxpneu | Are answers always answers for some subject? |
| work_5didfvpmx5ac5f6kdym5bxpneu | For instance, the subject matter of “ Who robbed the bank? ” is the property of being someone who robbed the bank in question. |
| work_5didfvpmx5ac5f6kdym5bxpneu | He likes “ to put the burden on the other side: why think[ laws] are[ first- level reasons why]? ”( 2017, 909). |
| work_5didfvpmx5ac5f6kdym5bxpneu | One has to answer the follow- up question “ What does F1 have to do with E? ” in order to have an answer to the why question. |
| work_5didfvpmx5ac5f6kdym5bxpneu | Take the question “ Why did the match light? ”( 2016, chap. |
| work_5didfvpmx5ac5f6kdym5bxpneu | The follow- up is, why is the fact that I dropped it from 1 meter up a reason why it hit the ground at 4.4 meters/ second? |
| work_5didfvpmx5ac5f6kdym5bxpneu | What if answers were not determined relative to some subject? |
| work_5didfvpmx5ac5f6kdym5bxpneu | What is the subject matter of a why ques- tion? |
| work_5didfvpmx5ac5f6kdym5bxpneu | “ What Makes a Scientific Explanation Distinctively Mathematical? ” British Jour- nal for the Philosophy of Science 64:485–511. |
| work_dp46dnusurbrla5xhyhmhdrgmy | Science Unlimited? |
| work_dp46dnusurbrla5xhyhmhdrgmy | Would all apparent threats from neuroscience to our freedom, selfhood, and rationality ipso facto have dissolved? |
| work_cvccxyxt3vgwbngxsrlga56say | ), What is Criminology? |
| work_cvccxyxt3vgwbngxsrlga56say | The Risk- Need- Responsivity( RNR) Model Does Adding the Good Lives Model Contribute to Effective Crime Prevention? |
| work_cvccxyxt3vgwbngxsrlga56say | and What goal are they trying to achieve by engaging in that behavior? |
| work_cvccxyxt3vgwbngxsrlga56say | “ Is the Next Frontier in Neuroscience A Decade of the Mind? |
| work_7aywc62ynjcy7j2n6rnu6kt7n4 | But do these detailed descriptions explain the relevant differences in pattern? |
| work_7aywc62ynjcy7j2n6rnu6kt7n4 | But is this really a victory for antireductionism? |
| work_7aywc62ynjcy7j2n6rnu6kt7n4 | Do we have a general explanation of why the zebra forms stripes while the leopard forms spots? |
| work_7aywc62ynjcy7j2n6rnu6kt7n4 | Is my emphasis on mathematical models a mere reprise of an old debate? |
| work_7aywc62ynjcy7j2n6rnu6kt7n4 | Should we conclude, then, that the whole reductionist- antireductionist debate ought to be abandoned? |
| work_7aywc62ynjcy7j2n6rnu6kt7n4 | So, who wins, the reductionist or the antireductionist? |
| work_7aywc62ynjcy7j2n6rnu6kt7n4 | These considerations raise some deep and substantial philosophical issues( What is a cause? |
| work_7aywc62ynjcy7j2n6rnu6kt7n4 | What assigns causes to different levels? |
| work_7aywc62ynjcy7j2n6rnu6kt7n4 | What explains the asymmetry? |
| work_7aywc62ynjcy7j2n6rnu6kt7n4 | What is the relation between causation and explanation?) |
| work_7aywc62ynjcy7j2n6rnu6kt7n4 | What is, precisely, the “ genetic program ”? |
| work_7aywc62ynjcy7j2n6rnu6kt7n4 | Why do human beings who are homozygous for the sickling allele experience crises at low levels of oxygen? |
| work_7aywc62ynjcy7j2n6rnu6kt7n4 | “ How Molecular is Molecular Developmental Biology? ” Biology and Philosophy 16:53–68. |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | Could you, please, synthesize the main ideas of your work? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | Do n’t you think that biotechnology can increase the production of food and, consequently, minimize poverty? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | How could this process be reversed? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | How to reverse that? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | How, then, do reverse it? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | Is it enough to pay royalties to native peoples for their traditional knowledge of medical plants, etc.? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | Is it legitimate to grow transgenic crops on a large scale? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | Is science neutral or value- laden? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | Is that not doubly unfair? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | Is there anything else you would like to add? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | Lacey: In Is Science Value Free? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | So what can philosophy do? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | So, is biotechnology going to help to minimize poverty? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | What do you think are the main contributions of science to ethics? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | What do you think of this idea nowadays? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | What kind of contribution can philosophy make to reverse this scenario, that is, to see more clearly the place of science in our life? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | Why then the emphasis on transgenics? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | [ “ Strategy ” is a term that I introduce in my book, Is Science Value Free? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | ethic@- What do you think about the Precautionary Principle? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | ethic@- Which are the main principles of agroecology? |
| work_2cbovmpldzdz3mgeitboey6wi4 | ethic@- Which are, then, the main cognitive and moral values that inform science? |
| work_cwxvihdrrvgqbkpaadfg2gbrdy | Are the assumptions of one mathematical framework being tested, using another framework that does not take the same assumptions into account? |
| work_cwxvihdrrvgqbkpaadfg2gbrdy | But is robustness analysis an option in scientific practice, when modelers have to deal with more complex model structures? |
| work_cwxvihdrrvgqbkpaadfg2gbrdy | Is the individual- based model testing the effect of this assumption on the result? |
| work_cwxvihdrrvgqbkpaadfg2gbrdy | Sinking the Iceberg? |
| work_cwxvihdrrvgqbkpaadfg2gbrdy | What does it mean when climate models agree? |
| work_cwxvihdrrvgqbkpaadfg2gbrdy | What exactly is it, that is being compared across cases? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | And does the law that s 5 ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 2dg p appear in my answer? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | Does it follow that these conditional facts, which are not causes, are reasons why the sex ratio is 1∶1 and thus that T is false? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | Fisher ’s ex- planation is still a counterexample to T, is it not? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | How can his response be some- thing to celebrate, if it did not answer the question? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | How is this compatible with the evident fact that 2 is a really good thing to say in response to the question of why Jones failed? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | I would like to put the burden on the other side: why think they are? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | If so, then the law is a reason why the rock hit the ground at 4.4 meters/ second — is it not? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | Is there anything else to be said about how and why supporters of the DN model might have come to misclassify laws as first- level reasons? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | So is 2 the answer? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | So why think they are in the case of laws? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | The follow- up is, why is the fact that I dropped it from 1 meter up a reason why it hit the ground at 4.4 meters/ second? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | What about an example of a second- level reason? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | What might this mean, in terms of reasons why? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | What should the claim that “ explanations of events are causal ” look like, if put into the form 1? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | Why is it a reason? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | Why is that not enough? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | question, namely, why is it that the bridges ’ lacking P is the reason why Jones failed? |
| work_5iohwi7axfhhtn56twyz25i72e | “ What Makes a Scientific Explanation Distinctively Mathematical? ” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 64:485–511. |
| work_dohkogp7a5c6dhmb6rdzxi4trm | How then can the causal statement H be related to human actions? |
| work_dohkogp7a5c6dhmb6rdzxi4trm | What can be done about such cases of unmanipulable causes? |
| work_bpwv636ourbapi46afyif5pbzq | And( ii) what kind of correspondence is there between the observed event and these other events? |
| work_bpwv636ourbapi46afyif5pbzq | But, on what basis is the generalization of the observation made? |
| work_bpwv636ourbapi46afyif5pbzq | How do you know what structure to identify? |
| work_bpwv636ourbapi46afyif5pbzq | Now, the question is, what did experimental observations on that case tell him? |
| work_bpwv636ourbapi46afyif5pbzq | SHOSTAK, SETH( 2004) Where does ‘ outer space ’ begin? |
| work_bpwv636ourbapi46afyif5pbzq | What is our basis for being able to say which other objects and setups would behave like the one observed, were the experiment run on them? |
| work_dmk4xwbbqvc4bmndvbviqey76e | Why Study Philosophy Here? |
| work_bascceymwrgitg6jrojsut75mi | And when the choice between them is not forced by considerations of accuracy, which fit- ness concept is preferable? |
| work_bascceymwrgitg6jrojsut75mi | The key questions are: When are they equivalent for the purpose of cal- culating gene frequency change? |
| work_bascceymwrgitg6jrojsut75mi | What does this mean for our two conceptions of social fitness and for the relationship be- tween them? |
| work_bascceymwrgitg6jrojsut75mi | When do they come apart? |
| work_bascceymwrgitg6jrojsut75mi | “ Direct Fitness or Inclusive Fitness: How Shall We Model Kin Selection? ” Journal of Evolutionary Biology 20:301–9. |
| work_bascceymwrgitg6jrojsut75mi | “ Has Grafen Formalized Darwin? ” Biology and Philosophy 29:175–80. |
| work_5matwi2awng6rorz6r7agpdkay | ( p.144) What is the idea of the Cognitive Command constraint, and what motivates it? |
| work_5matwi2awng6rorz6r7agpdkay | Assume for the moment that a= b, and consider this question: What is the probability at t2 that Alice ’s detector will record L with polarization a? |
| work_5matwi2awng6rorz6r7agpdkay | But can one say Sor? |
| work_5matwi2awng6rorz6r7agpdkay | But then how should one classify classical( Laplacean), logical and “ objective ” Bayesian notions of probability? |
| work_5matwi2awng6rorz6r7agpdkay | But what kind of probabilities are these, and what, exactly, are they probabilities of? |
| work_5matwi2awng6rorz6r7agpdkay | But whatever they concern, what kind of probabilities are these? |
| work_5matwi2awng6rorz6r7agpdkay | How can one reconcile this practice with their acceptance of quantum theory, in light of the no- go results mentioned in section 2( see footnote 6)? |
| work_5matwi2awng6rorz6r7agpdkay | How should the relevant systems be described by NQMC ’s? |
| work_5matwi2awng6rorz6r7agpdkay | Introduction What is it to interpret quantum theory? |
| work_5matwi2awng6rorz6r7agpdkay | What goes wrong if one says Sor? |
| work_5matwi2awng6rorz6r7agpdkay | What polarization quantum state should Victor ascribe to a pair 1+ 4? |
| work_5matwi2awng6rorz6r7agpdkay | What “ is there ” in these fullerene experiments? |
| work_5matwi2awng6rorz6r7agpdkay | [ 1990]: ‘ Toward a Separable ‘ Empirical Reality ’? ’, Foundations of Physics, 20, pp.1147- 72. |
| work_bukx2qlqyjctdoi7asnlpqs2iy | ( A. Wylie) Is there a future for debates between scientific realists and antirealists? |
| work_bukx2qlqyjctdoi7asnlpqs2iy | But how could there be? |
| work_bukx2qlqyjctdoi7asnlpqs2iy | But what sort of case does this offer against metaphysics? |
| work_bukx2qlqyjctdoi7asnlpqs2iy | So what, then, is the case against metaphysics? |
| work_bukx2qlqyjctdoi7asnlpqs2iy | What is a stance? |
| work_bukx2qlqyjctdoi7asnlpqs2iy | Why not a stalemate instead? |
| work_bukx2qlqyjctdoi7asnlpqs2iy | Why should these policies meet with disapproval? |
| work_eju5e7k46je2xpw4qt5wkl3mgi | What does this mean? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | And 2) What evidence is relevant to support these conclusions? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | And if not, then what? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | And what does all that mean? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | Are there any even rough identifying features a system may have that will give us a clue that it is faithful or satisfies causal Markov or minimality? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | But what about external validity: For what other populations can we expect these same conclusions to hold? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | How does Marmot himself support the move from Whitehall civil servants to a far broader population? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | How then can warrant travel from experiment to use? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | If we let the mother decide, will that be tantamount to letting the father decide)? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | Must we first have the ‘ true ’ model and then show that the results converge often enough? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | Or does 5 it? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | Or, to the point for us: What can we offer on external validity? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | What are these three assumptions? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | What do mothers know? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | What do these conditions amount to in the real world? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | What evidence is necessary to justify the use of a conclusion derived 12 from a cheap heuristic? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | What philosophical account can we offer of the evidence we need for the assumptions of quantum mechanics as used and as understood in those uses? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | Where will he publish it? |
| work_3dix7yhp4rc7pogtsscfvtza4m | • What methods can get us the kinds of results we are really looking for: exactly what can they deliver and at what cost? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | ( 1985), ‘ What was Einstein ’s Principle of Equivalence? ’, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science 16, pp. |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | ( 2001), ‘ The End of Time? ’. |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | 11 3.3 Causal loops? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | 15 4 Why is this tensor “ read ” by rods and clocks? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | 27 5.2.1 Faster than light? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | 3.3 Causal loops? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | 32 5.3.1 Faster than light? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | 36 7.1.2 Action- at- a- distance? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | 4 Why is this tensor “ read ” by rods and clocks? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | 5.1.1.1 Observability? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | 5.1.1.2 An artefact of approximations? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | 7.1.2 Action- at- a- distance? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | An obvious one is: how does the superluminal propagation avoid leading to outright contradictions via causal loops? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | Finally, what about pairs of plates in relative motion? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | First: which of the various precise formulations of relativistic causality is false? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | In other words: a solution exhibits superluminal light if p is spacelike( with respect to gij)—are there such solutions? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | Then I will discuss how causal contradictions can apparently be avoided( Section 5.3.2).23 5.3.1 Faster than light? |
| work_53mrbu5w2bcprkk2quwmk3upy4 | a violation of relativistic causality, rather than, for example, joint effects of a common cause? |
| work_cdgwsops2nerncmuosgca7mprq | 3.2 What is a small variation in a credence? |
| work_cdgwsops2nerncmuosgca7mprq | 7 3.1 What is uniform insensitivity? |
| work_cdgwsops2nerncmuosgca7mprq | Given a credence x, what counts as a small variation in x? |
| work_cdgwsops2nerncmuosgca7mprq | How is my argument dif- ferent from the arguments made by Good and Milne? |
| work_cdgwsops2nerncmuosgca7mprq | Moreover, what does it mean, concretely, for c to be uniformly insensitive to such variations? |
| work_cdgwsops2nerncmuosgca7mprq | What counts as a small variation in a credence? |
| work_cdgwsops2nerncmuosgca7mprq | Why does my argument escape Fitelson ’s criticisms? |
| work_dk2ngcxwyvdxrlh6tjli5r4phu | 1 If neither view entails the other, how did they get conflated? |
| work_dk2ngcxwyvdxrlh6tjli5r4phu | Could a machine think? |
| work_dk2ngcxwyvdxrlh6tjli5r4phu | Does a rock implement every finite- state automaton? |
| work_dk2ngcxwyvdxrlh6tjli5r4phu | Robots: Machines or artificially created life? |
| work_dk2ngcxwyvdxrlh6tjli5r4phu | So, what was Putnam ’s reason for formulating his functionalist solution to the mind – body problem as entailing computationalism about the mind? |
| work_dkrr4id6fneojncukq6wt6etie | Now, what does the represen- tational function of scientific models consist in? |
| work_dkrr4id6fneojncukq6wt6etie | “ What is a Scientific Theory? ” in S. Mor- genbesser( 1967): 55- 67. |
| work_dkrr4id6fneojncukq6wt6etie | “ What ’s Wrong with the Received View of Evolu- tionary Theory? ”, in P. Asquith and Ronald Giere( eds. |
| work_dkrr4id6fneojncukq6wt6etie | “ Where have all the theories gone? ”, Phi- losophy of Science, 74: 195- 228. |
| work_bzgxfskqqrdc5gun3xuvodvs6q | So much for the disanalogy, but what about the positive analogy? |
| work_bzgxfskqqrdc5gun3xuvodvs6q | The question, “ What kind of human is that?, ” without some much more specific context, is senseless. |
| work_bzgxfskqqrdc5gun3xuvodvs6q | What is cultural evolution? |
| work_bzgxfskqqrdc5gun3xuvodvs6q | What, first of all, can the sociobiologist say about individual difference? |
| work_6dcbhxt3zfcfhkr76ynlbqfxfm | Are the symmetry properties of cer- tain multi- particle wavefunctions due to the statistics of the particles or to internal charge quantum numbers? |
| work_6dcbhxt3zfcfhkr76ynlbqfxfm | But why is this a case of conventionality and not just one of empirical underdetermina- tion? |
| work_6dcbhxt3zfcfhkr76ynlbqfxfm | Do the field systems in question describe the same unobservable reality? |
| work_6dcbhxt3zfcfhkr76ynlbqfxfm | How can you eliminate paraparticles from a theory by tacking on non- physical descriptive fluff? |
| work_6dcbhxt3zfcfhkr76ynlbqfxfm | Is it a full blown theoretical equivalence? |
| work_6dcbhxt3zfcfhkr76ynlbqfxfm | Is there a natural physical principle that would rule out incomplete field systems? |
| work_6dcbhxt3zfcfhkr76ynlbqfxfm | Is there some crucial difference between the treatment of parastatistics in QM and QFT? |
| work_6dcbhxt3zfcfhkr76ynlbqfxfm | This has been seen as a deep mystery: paraparticles make perfect physical sense, so why do n’t we see them in nature? |
| work_6dcbhxt3zfcfhkr76ynlbqfxfm | Thus theoretical equivalence at a minimum requires a ∗-isomorphism of observable algebras.18 What about operators in F that are not elements of A? |
| work_6dcbhxt3zfcfhkr76ynlbqfxfm | What physical information do the commutation relations of the field algebra encode anyways? |
| work_6dcbhxt3zfcfhkr76ynlbqfxfm | What ’s going on here? |
| work_6dcbhxt3zfcfhkr76ynlbqfxfm | Why prefer theories satisfying Charge Recombination? |
| work_dz2ycpkn6rgtlaxagdd3yooz7a | and''What constraints must be satisfied in order that the function is successfully and reliably computed?'' |
| work_boozgdj73bcondhdysfmqig2tq | Does this mean that phylogenetic inference, as it is typically practiced today, is fatally flawed? |
| work_boozgdj73bcondhdysfmqig2tq | How many characters should we count here? |
| work_boozgdj73bcondhdysfmqig2tq | Is each bristle on a fly a separate character, or all the bristles together a single character? |
| work_boozgdj73bcondhdysfmqig2tq | Often this concern focuses on species: what are they, and how do we identify and individuate them? |
| work_boozgdj73bcondhdysfmqig2tq | There is an analogous, but much neglected concern: what are characters; how are they identified and individuated? |
| work_boozgdj73bcondhdysfmqig2tq | What do we do with all of these diverse sets of characters? |
| work_boozgdj73bcondhdysfmqig2tq | What should we accept as real features of the organic world, and why? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | All u Is Construct Validation Valid? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | Anna Alexandrova and Daniel M. Haybron*y What makes a measure of well- being valid? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | But does it? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | Given our best understanding of human well- being, what sorts of factors should a good measure correlate most strongly with? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | How strong was the corre- lation? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | IS CONSTRUCT VALIDATION VALID? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | IS CONSTRUCT VALIDATION VALID? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | IS CONSTRUCT VALIDATION VALID? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | IS CONSTRUCT VALIDATION VALID? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | IS CONSTRUCT VALIDATION VALID? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | In the second stage, researchers choose a mea- surement method( a questionnaire, a test, or a task), select the items( what questions? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | Is Construct Validation Valid? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | More pertinent for current purposes is this: why should we assume that the better measure must correlate more strongly with those variables? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | We need to appeal to theoretical considerations as well: what conception of well- being is relevant here? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | What Is Construct Validation?. |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | What Is to Be Done?. |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | What are those tools? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | What makes a measure of well- being valid? |
| work_2bj5bgte35e3boiajd73mgnwf4 | what tasks? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | 6 Second, can what is grasped invariably be verbally articulated? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | A reason to abandon the simple view ’s requirement of explanatory correctness( Elgin 2007)? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Do they understand the formation of the Grand Canyon? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Does the simple view need a defense? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | First: is grasping factive? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Inaugurating understanding or repackaging explanation? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Is correctness too high a standard? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Is grasping that a state of a � airs holds the same thing as knowing that it holds? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Is that all there is to say about scienti � c understanding? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Is understanding a species of knowledge? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Is understanding explanatory or objectual? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Must the cat be on the mat, if you are to grasp that the cat is on the mat? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Objection: What about the Verstehen tradition in the social sciences? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | So, can there be understanding without explanation? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Understanding that is the 5 name for this direct apprehension.6 What is grasping, or understanding that, or direct apprehension, then? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Understanding without explanation? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | What does that mean? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | What is an explanation, such that it can be grasped? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | What is it to grasp that a certain state of a � airs obtains, or that a set of propositions stand in a certain relation to one another? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Where to look for the narrow notion, then? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Why not add an active component to understanding why? |
| work_2eopzx34afc5na34ayvbcwglsq | Why? |
| work_cv2aufzrwvab7d5hzm4osyzxni | How Much Philosophy in the Philosophy of Science? |
| work_cv2aufzrwvab7d5hzm4osyzxni | How is this move to be valued? |
| work_cv2aufzrwvab7d5hzm4osyzxni | How strongly has philosophy of science moved towards science and, perhaps, away from the philosophical tradition? |
| work_cv2aufzrwvab7d5hzm4osyzxni | It presents, on the one hand, a selection of papers devoted to the title question ‘ ‘ How much philosophy in the philosophy of science? ’ ’. |
| work_cv2aufzrwvab7d5hzm4osyzxni | Philosophy of Science 3 123 How Much Philosophy in the Philosophy of Science? |
| work_cv2aufzrwvab7d5hzm4osyzxni | What are its consequences for philosophy of science as a unified and recognizable discipline? |
| work_cv2aufzrwvab7d5hzm4osyzxni | What are its consequences for the scientific relevance of the work that philosophers of science do? |
| work_crautm2akjfv7i63wxxhsbyw7i | 2) How much impact does transgenera- tional epigenetic inheritance have on organisms? |
| work_crautm2akjfv7i63wxxhsbyw7i | Is water H2O? |
| work_crautm2akjfv7i63wxxhsbyw7i | The devil is in the( historical) details: continental drift as a case of normatively appropriate consensus?. |
| work_crautm2akjfv7i63wxxhsbyw7i | Transgenera- tional epigenetic inheritance: how important is it? |
| work_crautm2akjfv7i63wxxhsbyw7i | What is perspectivism, and does it count as realism?. |
| work_bveby7qvfzeublorudd335hqke | But how is this comparison actually done? |
| work_bveby7qvfzeublorudd335hqke | Did Gause have a yeast infection? |
| work_bveby7qvfzeublorudd335hqke | Does matter really matter? |
| work_bveby7qvfzeublorudd335hqke | How is the interaction actually assessed? |
| work_bveby7qvfzeublorudd335hqke | In these situations of strong iterative interplay between models in different media, what exactly is going on? |
| work_bveby7qvfzeublorudd335hqke | Modelling as indirect representation? |
| work_bveby7qvfzeublorudd335hqke | Who is a modeller? |
| work_bveby7qvfzeublorudd335hqke | Why? |
| work_dejcptypmjashhdxqizrrdiqha | And, more generally, how might such games themselves evolve? |
| work_dejcptypmjashhdxqizrrdiqha | How do the bits and pieces of decisions assemble into games? |
| work_dejcptypmjashhdxqizrrdiqha | So where do the games come from? |
| work_dejcptypmjashhdxqizrrdiqha | We can ask: How do these games them- selves form? |
| work_edqbo5ouqfhrtga73nfphrvhf4 | Why is this happening? |
| work_edqbo5ouqfhrtga73nfphrvhf4 | Why this lack of interest for HPS on behalf of FMSDs? |
| work_eibpvw64prcv5izeprvsmot7gu | But how exactly should one understand an account based on this idea? |
| work_eibpvw64prcv5izeprvsmot7gu | Does Kant have a pre- Newtonian picture of force in the balance argument? |
| work_eibpvw64prcv5izeprvsmot7gu | How do any of these claims bear on the early Kant ’s acceptance or rejec- tion of Newton? |
| work_bmpgizzzijf5jjmyudsxyofbsm | ( Would h then inevitably be the best available explanation of el? |
| work_bmpgizzzijf5jjmyudsxyofbsm | But if these qualities have the importance he claims for them, why did Coperni- canism not more quickly become the received view? |
| work_bmpgizzzijf5jjmyudsxyofbsm | But if these qualities have the importance he claims for them, why did Coperni- canism not more quickly become the received view? |
| work_bmpgizzzijf5jjmyudsxyofbsm | Does this mean just that some evidence gives strong support( by reason of its quantity?) |
| work_bmpgizzzijf5jjmyudsxyofbsm | Might some variant idea do more justice to Newton? |
| work_bmpgizzzijf5jjmyudsxyofbsm | Might some variant idea do more justice to Newton? |
| work_bmpgizzzijf5jjmyudsxyofbsm | to the hypothesis? |
| work_ayqrar52cnbydjhfykurly3ona | 24 undermines classical conceptions of individuality, or leaves it indeterminate whether classical notions of individuality apply? |
| work_ayqrar52cnbydjhfykurly3ona | For QFTs with no particle interpretation, where does the philosopher interested in permutation symmetry even begin? |
| work_ayqrar52cnbydjhfykurly3ona | How can the theory of a fermion field include a sector with Bose statistics? |
| work_ayqrar52cnbydjhfykurly3ona | How could any of this work, in the absence of a particle ontology? |
| work_ayqrar52cnbydjhfykurly3ona | What distinguishes the different superselection sectors for the permutation superselection rule? |
| work_ayqrar52cnbydjhfykurly3ona | What does it mean to apply one to a state? |
| work_ayqrar52cnbydjhfykurly3ona | What is the analogue of “ charge ” for the superselection rule( in n- particle QM) that imposes permutation symmetry? |
| work_ayqrar52cnbydjhfykurly3ona | Why, exactly, is permutation symmetry equivalent to a superselection rule? |
| work_dpxvghazvbekzb74bxg4fd5pqm | How crucial is Achinstein ’s notion of evidence to the success of his arguments in support of scientific realism? |
| work_dpxvghazvbekzb74bxg4fd5pqm | If not, which not? |
| work_dpxvghazvbekzb74bxg4fd5pqm | Should all these things be taken equally seriously? |
| work_a3edk6bg7zegjlojfra5i6npki | And what is to prevent investigators from arbitrarily rejecting constraints they find inconvenient? |
| work_a3edk6bg7zegjlojfra5i6npki | But what is a vital activity? |
| work_a3edk6bg7zegjlojfra5i6npki | But why should we believe that? |
| work_a3edk6bg7zegjlojfra5i6npki | Is causally productive activity a unified concept of? |
| work_a3edk6bg7zegjlojfra5i6npki | Why do n’t those activities qualify as causes of John Jones ’s non- pregnancy? |
| work_a3edk6bg7zegjlojfra5i6npki | Why is n’t it a cognitive analogue of what Aristotle called heaps as opposed to unified wholes? |
| work_a3edk6bg7zegjlojfra5i6npki | Why then should we have any confidence in the con- straints present day investigators rely on? |
| work_du3x233cj5dnrncshljom7yl6y | A šta ako je 4? |
| work_du3x233cj5dnrncshljom7yl6y | Da li je to dobro ili loše? |
| work_du3x233cj5dnrncshljom7yl6y | Ili ako je 7? |
| work_du3x233cj5dnrncshljom7yl6y | Koliko je podataka potrebno za donošenje dobre odluke? |
| work_du3x233cj5dnrncshljom7yl6y | Šta je informacija? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | And if one needs this notion of sameness, why not include it under the rubric of homology? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | And second, how is it possible to provide an account of the homology relation without first providing an account of traits? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | But is it truly uni- fying? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | Continuity requires sameness, but whence does sameness derive in the absence of a typological account of homologies? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | First, what would adopting the HDAH account do to past homology determi- nations based on the genealogical or developmental accounts? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | How are we to read “ because of ” in this quote? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | How does our framework categorize convergences, paral- lelisms, reversals, rudiments, vestiges, and atavisms? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | One big question lurking in the background is the following: What is the proper way to individuate traits? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | Second, what account of homology at the level of species is being employed here? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | The archetype thus answered two questions: what facts make a trait in one or- ganism the same as that in another? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | The questions what is a trait? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | What about the developmental account? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | and what is a homologue? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | and, what explains the pattern of form across diverse taxa? |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | “ Are Homologies( Selected Effect or Causal Role) Function Free? ” Philosophy of Science 76( 3): 307–34. |
| work_72gam4cssvgy7hlv647q4hjslu | “ Patterns of Gene Expression: Homology or Homo- cracy? ” Development Genes and Evolution 213( 3): 149–54. |
| work_blmumvkscfhyneaqoqv372jwga | But could he have known it? |
| work_blmumvkscfhyneaqoqv372jwga | But do Kant ’s physical monads, in his official view, obey the Strong Third Law, as they must if Poisson ’s proof is to hold for them? |
| work_blmumvkscfhyneaqoqv372jwga | Can we, perhaps, do so, on his behalf and with his resources? |
| work_blmumvkscfhyneaqoqv372jwga | If Kant were to pursue Hamel ’s proof strategy, he evidently has conceptual problems — but must he do so? |
| work_blmumvkscfhyneaqoqv372jwga | Must Kant Follow Hamel? |
| work_blmumvkscfhyneaqoqv372jwga | Objection: why not just conclude that Kant ’s counterfactual attempt to prove the Torque Law fails and end my inquiry here? |
| work_blmumvkscfhyneaqoqv372jwga | Then what chance does he have to even embark on the proofs I propose? |
| work_blmumvkscfhyneaqoqv372jwga | Then why not do away with it, as I suggest be- low, and thereby make Kant ’s natural philosophy wholly coherent? |
| work_blmumvkscfhyneaqoqv372jwga | “ What Is ‘ Classical Mechanics ’ Anyway? ” In The Oxford Handbook of Phi- losophy of Physics, ed. |
| work_blmumvkscfhyneaqoqv372jwga | “ Why Do Forces Add Vectorially? |
| work_edknbjlqrfc7xotfhwswxsnmqi | 860 Are Neuroimages Like Photographs of the Brain? |
| work_edknbjlqrfc7xotfhwswxsnmqi | Do the same charac- teristics lend neuroimaging a similar epistemic status? |
| work_edknbjlqrfc7xotfhwswxsnmqi | What makes photographs epistemically special? |
| work_ehmqmnjd5ngmjgduzo32gptmbq | Are we doomed to an- other Middle Ages, with Science as the Church and the Military as the King? |
| work_ehmqmnjd5ngmjgduzo32gptmbq | How do"the people"control the spe- cialists? |
| work_ehmqmnjd5ngmjgduzo32gptmbq | The Sunday morning symposium,"Can Science Provide an Ethical Code? |
| work_cr2zua2wsvbedhgmrpswspz6yi | ( 2) Do x and y really multiply realize F? |
| work_cr2zua2wsvbedhgmrpswspz6yi | Basic science through engineering? |
| work_cr2zua2wsvbedhgmrpswspz6yi | How is this possible? |
| work_cr2zua2wsvbedhgmrpswspz6yi | Now, does the new minimal version of the mycoplasma count as a case of multiple realization? |
| work_cr2zua2wsvbedhgmrpswspz6yi | One might then ask, what are Venter and his team about? |
| work_cr2zua2wsvbedhgmrpswspz6yi | The analytic challenge can be understood as the conjunction of two basic worries:( 1) Do x and y both really realize F? |
| work_cr2zua2wsvbedhgmrpswspz6yi | What are we learning? |
| work_djx4w3obunbjvn3j4fxsfs5gp4 | How important, then, is the distinction? |
| work_djx4w3obunbjvn3j4fxsfs5gp4 | Van Fraassen( 1980, 1989): You know what? |
| work_djx4w3obunbjvn3j4fxsfs5gp4 | What Was the Syntax- Semantics Debate in the Philosophy of Science About? |
| work_djx4w3obunbjvn3j4fxsfs5gp4 | “ What is a Scientific Theory? ” In Philosophy of Science Today, edited by Sidney Morgenbesser, 55–67. |
| work_djx4w3obunbjvn3j4fxsfs5gp4 | “ What ’s Right With a Syntactic Approach to Theories and Mod- els? ” Erkenntnis 79( 8 Supplement): 1475–1492. |
| work_djx4w3obunbjvn3j4fxsfs5gp4 | “ What ’s Wrong with the Received View on the Structure of Scien- tific Theories? ” Philosophy of Science 39( 1): 1–19. |
| work_bachm7uq5baaxdlcmbze6n3xsy | ( And if not, so what? |
| work_bachm7uq5baaxdlcmbze6n3xsy | 33 Wilson, Mark( 1985), “ What Can Theory Tell Us about Observation? ”, in Churchland& Hooker 1985: 222- 244. |
| work_bachm7uq5baaxdlcmbze6n3xsy | Does that principle itself constitute science or metaphysics? |
| work_bachm7uq5baaxdlcmbze6n3xsy | Hacking, Ian( 1981), “ Do We See through a Microscope? ”, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 62: 305- 322. |
| work_bachm7uq5baaxdlcmbze6n3xsy | Rosen, Gideon( 1994), “ What is Constructive Empiricism? ”, Philosophical Studies 74: 143- 178. |
| work_bachm7uq5baaxdlcmbze6n3xsy | Since TEA fares favorably in light of that attitude when compared with TU, does n’t the empiricist still have reason to prefer it? |
| work_bachm7uq5baaxdlcmbze6n3xsy | Who cares whether the aim of science is empirical adequacy, after all, if it turns out that this is as utopian an aim as is truth? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | # 04353 UCP: PHOS article# 710303 331realist ennui plausible to think that her intuition harkens to some elusive formulation of the argument? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | ( Whole hog realism?) |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | But how do we know that these events were not background effects pretending to look like these candi- date effects? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | Do we have a criterion, like Descartes ’ clarity and distinctness, and then see which particular beliefs satisfy this criterion? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | How do we know which beliefs are justified? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | If PrðTx|x2HÞ is low( and how can we know if it is not? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | Is quantum field theory fundamental? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | Mindful of change over time and inter- personal variation, how many theories of Newtonian mechanics were there? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | Or do we begin with particular beliefs we know to be justified, like Moore, and then generalize from them? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | Perhaps the point is merely an artifact of a deficient formulation of the argument? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | What about the pessimistic induction? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | What is the probability that she actually has it? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | Why exactly are questions like ‘ What explains the reliability and success of science? ’ taboo? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | Why exactly are questions like ‘ What explains the reliability and success of science? ’ taboo? |
| work_5hjjhz5pybejjlvzhtbeyjbvcq | Worrall, John( 1989), ‘ ‘ Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds? ’ ’, Dialectica 43: 99–124. |
| work_cvu5gljjhbda3nqxp4tcf72sx4 | 1 Introduction Here is one question: in virtue of what do models represent their target systems? |
| work_cvu5gljjhbda3nqxp4tcf72sx4 | 2.2 Equivalence When are two scientific theories, T1 and T2, equivalent? |
| work_cvu5gljjhbda3nqxp4tcf72sx4 | Are newtonian gravitation and geometrized newtonian gravi- tation theoretically equivalent? |
| work_cvu5gljjhbda3nqxp4tcf72sx4 | Here is another: under what conditions are two scientific theories( whatever they are) equivalent? |
| work_cvu5gljjhbda3nqxp4tcf72sx4 | What price spacetime substantivalism? |
| work_cvu5gljjhbda3nqxp4tcf72sx4 | What was the syntax- semantics debate in the philosophy of science about? |
| work_bwdtsl4vofbf5o4u3jfytygzrm | 1 Introduction 2 The Limits of Classical Probability Theory 2.1 Classical probability functions 2.2 Limitations 2.3 Infinitesimals to the rescue? |
| work_bwdtsl4vofbf5o4u3jfytygzrm | 2.3 Infinitesimals to the rescue? |
| work_bwdtsl4vofbf5o4u3jfytygzrm | Does it hold for the probability of a set in a uniform distribution context? |
| work_bwdtsl4vofbf5o4u3jfytygzrm | Gilbert, T. and Rouche, N.[ 1996]: ‘ Y a- t- il vraiment autant de nombres pairs que de naturels? ’, in A. Pétry( ed. |
| work_bwdtsl4vofbf5o4u3jfytygzrm | Weintraub, R.[ 2008]: ‘ How Probable is An Infinite Sequence of Heads? |
| work_bwdtsl4vofbf5o4u3jfytygzrm | Williamson, T.[ 2007]: ‘ How Probable Is an Infinite Sequence of Heads? ’, Analysis, 67, pp. |
| work_bwdtsl4vofbf5o4u3jfytygzrm | [ unpublished]: ‘ Staying Regular? ’. |
| work_7se6hkl6rjdwfb74esshlcgh5y | Is There an Independent Principle of Causality in Physics? |
| work_7se6hkl6rjdwfb74esshlcgh5y | 16 source rather than it being source-‐free radiation coming in from spatial infinity? |
| work_7se6hkl6rjdwfb74esshlcgh5y | Anti_causal_arguments_10 1 No Place for Causes? |
| work_7se6hkl6rjdwfb74esshlcgh5y | But have I really shown that the notion of cause plays an important role in reasoning in physics? |
| work_7se6hkl6rjdwfb74esshlcgh5y | Do the Causal Principles of Modern Physics Contradict Causal Anti-‐ Fundamentalism? |
| work_7se6hkl6rjdwfb74esshlcgh5y | How should we cash out the claim that the disturbances in the radition field are correlated? |
| work_7se6hkl6rjdwfb74esshlcgh5y | Introduction Is there a place for the concept of cause in physics? |
| work_7se6hkl6rjdwfb74esshlcgh5y | Is Time ''Handed'' in a Quantum World? |
| work_7se6hkl6rjdwfb74esshlcgh5y | What is the nature of the probabilities in ( 1) and ( 2)? |
| work_7se6hkl6rjdwfb74esshlcgh5y | What then is the structure of these inferences? |
| work_7se6hkl6rjdwfb74esshlcgh5y | What, then, licenses our inference to the existence of a past common cause? |
| work_7se6hkl6rjdwfb74esshlcgh5y | Yet in what sense exactly is the converging wave miraculous or improbable? |
| work_7se6hkl6rjdwfb74esshlcgh5y | “ ‘ The most Sacred Tenet ’? |
| work_em4xmskjcbhvpgjabooczmh3mq | Why did Haldane make such a claim? |
| work_em4xmskjcbhvpgjabooczmh3mq | Why did Haldane write Causes? |
| work_em4xmskjcbhvpgjabooczmh3mq | “ Is Darwinism dead? ” Harper''s Magazine 145: 68 – 74. |
| work_3gy4shpuufetvircmnlly2kqoi | ( XY)= K(X? |
| work_3gy4shpuufetvircmnlly2kqoi | ( XY)= tr(X? |
| work_3gy4shpuufetvircmnlly2kqoi | 22 4 Two more disanalogies 23 4.1 What about the symmetries? |
| work_3gy4shpuufetvircmnlly2kqoi | 4.1 What about the symmetries? |
| work_3gy4shpuufetvircmnlly2kqoi | 5 An objector could then reasonably ask, ‘ What makes you think this is gravity in the sense that we know and love from four dimensions? |
| work_3gy4shpuufetvircmnlly2kqoi | But why is this a miracle at all? |
| work_3gy4shpuufetvircmnlly2kqoi | Furthermore, since Chern- Simons theory is purely topological, how could there be a hole argument for gravity described by Chern- Simons theory? |
| work_3gy4shpuufetvircmnlly2kqoi | Is it possible to make the large gauge transformations and the large diffeomorphisms coincide by fiat? |
| work_3gy4shpuufetvircmnlly2kqoi | That is to say, will simply laying it down that they give equivalent transformations generate any inconsis- tencies? |
| work_3gy4shpuufetvircmnlly2kqoi | Viz., a general inner product will be a linear combination of tr? |
| work_3gy4shpuufetvircmnlly2kqoi | What of the null orbits in PCS? |
| work_3gy4shpuufetvircmnlly2kqoi | and let A= ω+ e( compare( 12) and( 14)), then we indeed obtain the Einstein- Hilbert action( 2), 31Note however that tr? |
| work_dvalon5c4vhjnkifr6rrvic7iu | ( See Footnote 4 below for a dis- cussion of my shifting ontology for? ys and 4s). |
| work_dvalon5c4vhjnkifr6rrvic7iu | ? |
| work_dvalon5c4vhjnkifr6rrvic7iu | ?, 4n)} exhibit a complex organization such that together they v( see 1975, 191). |
| work_dvalon5c4vhjnkifr6rrvic7iu | But what does it mean to be"different in type,""less sophisticated,"and"organized"in this con- text? |
| work_dvalon5c4vhjnkifr6rrvic7iu | What is the characteristic organization of mechanisms? |
| work_clhkxnz7czaxzm6iphn2ot6ku4 | 1717: Newton ’s First Public Statement of Probabilism? |
| work_clhkxnz7czaxzm6iphn2ot6ku4 | 871 So what does quamproxime mean in this context? |
| work_clhkxnz7czaxzm6iphn2ot6ku4 | All u Newton: From Certainty to Probability? |
| work_clhkxnz7czaxzm6iphn2ot6ku4 | NEWTON: FROM CERTAINTY TO PROBABILITY? |
| work_clhkxnz7czaxzm6iphn2ot6ku4 | NEWTON: FROM CERTAINTY TO PROBABILITY? |
| work_clhkxnz7czaxzm6iphn2ot6ku4 | NEWTON: FROM CERTAINTY TO PROBABILITY? |
| work_clhkxnz7czaxzm6iphn2ot6ku4 | NEWTON: FROM CERTAINTY TO PROBABILITY? |
| work_clhkxnz7czaxzm6iphn2ot6ku4 | NEWTON: FROM CERTAINTY TO PROBABILITY? |
| work_clhkxnz7czaxzm6iphn2ot6ku4 | NEWTON: FROM CERTAINTY TO PROBABILITY? |
| work_clhkxnz7czaxzm6iphn2ot6ku4 | Newton: From Certainty to Probability? |
| work_clhkxnz7czaxzm6iphn2ot6ku4 | What, then, is Newtonian certainty? |
| work_7iawuthalvcubdkqdytyw2vtq4 | But how far do these single case narrative explanations carry any more general wider writ, and do they provide extensions to other particular cases? |
| work_7iawuthalvcubdkqdytyw2vtq4 | Case studies: one observation or many? |
| work_7iawuthalvcubdkqdytyw2vtq4 | How are the ingredients of a narrative ordered to raise questions and solve them? |
| work_7iawuthalvcubdkqdytyw2vtq4 | How does narrative ordering work to create problems or puzzles and so operate as the housing for in- dividual concrete case explanations? |
| work_7iawuthalvcubdkqdytyw2vtq4 | How well do facts travel?. |
| work_7iawuthalvcubdkqdytyw2vtq4 | Is there a methodology and epistemology of narrative science, or are there perhaps several? |
| work_7iawuthalvcubdkqdytyw2vtq4 | Justification or dis- covery? |
| work_7iawuthalvcubdkqdytyw2vtq4 | Process tracing in political science: What ’s the story? |
| work_7iawuthalvcubdkqdytyw2vtq4 | This imme- diately raises the question: do narratives in science work in the same kind of ways as narratives in history, or as narratives gener- ally? |
| work_7iawuthalvcubdkqdytyw2vtq4 | Will this policy work for you? |
| work_7iawuthalvcubdkqdytyw2vtq4 | Working paper 24/08 The Nature of Evidence: How Well Do Facts Travel? |
| work_egmgcbyoijge5mhd76jacaqssi | How is this possible? |
| work_egmgcbyoijge5mhd76jacaqssi | Most plausibly, it is being suggested( argued?) |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | And what does it tell us about the argument form similarity, ergo common ancestry? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Are some similarities between species X and Y more telling than others in favor of common ancestry? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Can the right assumptions be identified in the contexts in which the inference form is supposed to operate? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Did Darwin Write the Origin Backwards? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Did Darwin use Modus Darwin? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Does the observation favor CA over SA sensu the Law of Likelihood? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Given such a set, including both matches and mismatches, which hypothesis is favored overall? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | How might this be checked against geo- graphical distribution observations? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | In which state does a character variable begin? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Is Sober ’s formal, probabilistic argument cogent? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Or did he? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Or that they started with randomly chosen anatomies, then evolved some? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Regarding the observation o, when do two species count as “ similar ”? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Sober ’s project is thus part exegesis, part epis- temology: How does Darwin argue?, and How does that argument justify common ancestry? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Sober ’s project is thus part exegesis, part epis- temology: How does Darwin argue?, and How does that argument justify common ancestry? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | What could privilege one over another? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | What does this mean for modus Darwin? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | What is the right yardstick? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Which hypothesis fits better with observed anatomical similarities: That two species started out identical, then evolved some? |
| work_552watderbbqtpb7wclbewe4vq | Who said the range of possible character states is 1–10? |
| work_ehv32pyxq5a7zpi2f2oiy3ln2u | Why Study Philosophy Here? |
| work_ezyklhpqzbb3xlct64e4ijym2q | Available at:< http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? |
| work_ezyklhpqzbb3xlct64e4ijym2q | How would the introduction of an EU- wide formula apportionment affect the distribution and size of the corporate tax base? |
| work_7v3tgjcganeyvgvxxmqbolztjy | Are the Two Conceptions Being Confused? |
| work_7v3tgjcganeyvgvxxmqbolztjy | But in these cases, is the CErel conception always really the one we are actually inter- ested in? |
| work_7v3tgjcganeyvgvxxmqbolztjy | But why bother? |
| work_7v3tgjcganeyvgvxxmqbolztjy | For each team, what is the average causal efficacy of their kicks? |
| work_7v3tgjcganeyvgvxxmqbolztjy | How important a cause of heart attacks is a bad diet? |
| work_7v3tgjcganeyvgvxxmqbolztjy | In these fa- vorable albeit unusual circumstances at least, would r2 not finally capture just what we want? |
| work_7v3tgjcganeyvgvxxmqbolztjy | Nevertheless, what if we did happen to be interested both in CErel and in the variance of the ball ’s acceleration? |
| work_7v3tgjcganeyvgvxxmqbolztjy | That is, how much difference would it make switching from one team to the other? |
| work_7v3tgjcganeyvgvxxmqbolztjy | What has happened? |
| work_7v3tgjcganeyvgvxxmqbolztjy | What is the average CEabs of the wind? |
| work_7v3tgjcganeyvgvxxmqbolztjy | What of the CErel sense of efficacy? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | 2 An example is Koertge( 1980), ‘ But a new epistemology? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | 8 Implications for science education What conclusions, if any, should we draw from all of this for science education? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | Are we able to successfully meet our goals and address our interests? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | Can a distinction of this sort be made in a meaningful way? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | Do the models constructed enable us to do what we want to do in the world? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | For instance, by what cri- teria are we to judge which values are more conducive to good science than others? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | How can they each be epistemically privi- leged? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | If there are many stand- points, then which should be preferred? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | In what sense then are they to be identified as epistemic values? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | Models provide a means of interacting with the world and thus knowing it.20 How do we get from models to model- based objectivity? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | One that is an improvement over the one that underlies all of modern science? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | Princeton University Press, Princeton Hacking I( 2000) The social construction of what? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | Signs 22(21):382–391 Harding SG( 1991) Whose science? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | Social Problems 33(special theory issue):S14–S32( reprinted in Harding 2004) Crasnow SL( 2000) How natural can ontology be? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | The New York Review of Books 49(8):28–32 Longino HE( 1987) Can there be a feminist science? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | The questions that are of interest in evaluating knowledge are questions about what knowledge is for; how can we use it? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL Lacey H( 1999) Is science value free? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | What about the problem of relativism? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | What is so particularly feminist about these epistemologies? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | Whose knowledge? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | Why should we treat these as epistemic values when it is so clear that they vary with contexts? |
| work_2evxhqnawragngqrxp5yjov22a | ‘ What is this anthropology anyway to us? ’ they taunted( 1992, p 18). |
| work_elmaflicdnc2vebt2ob4pn7fve | A ’ Modern ’(= Victorian?) |
| work_elmaflicdnc2vebt2ob4pn7fve | What Is a Mechanism? |
| work_elmaflicdnc2vebt2ob4pn7fve | What justifies the use of a minimal model in studying and explaining universal features? |
| work_elmaflicdnc2vebt2ob4pn7fve | Which Model to Use for Cortical Spiking Neurons? |
| work_ckzdzgly5ndgvfmt2d4pdwh2ay | ( 2010b) Whose Probabilities? |
| work_ckzdzgly5ndgvfmt2d4pdwh2ay | How can it be determined that when a model agrees with available data, it is not because it is too well adjusted to fit those data? |
| work_ckzdzgly5ndgvfmt2d4pdwh2ay | Is empirical agreement endowed with such a power to transform a phenomenological model into a theoretical model? |
| work_ckzdzgly5ndgvfmt2d4pdwh2ay | What are we to conclude from such an example in which empirical agreement is very good, but for bad reasons, relative to our background knowledge? |
| work_ckzdzgly5ndgvfmt2d4pdwh2ay | What can we infer from pattern resemblance? |
| work_ckzdzgly5ndgvfmt2d4pdwh2ay | What conclusion can be drawn from the comparison of the numerical results with measurement results? |
| work_ckzdzgly5ndgvfmt2d4pdwh2ay | What does it mean to be valid for a model? |
| work_ckzdzgly5ndgvfmt2d4pdwh2ay | What does"larger"mean in this context? |
| work_ckzdzgly5ndgvfmt2d4pdwh2ay | What is to be validated? |
| work_ckzdzgly5ndgvfmt2d4pdwh2ay | Why by polynomials? |
| work_ckzdzgly5ndgvfmt2d4pdwh2ay | Why is n''t empirical agreement a simple criterion for model validity, though? |
| work_ehy2zcth3rfyfkajspey4md5sa | Does evidence- based medicine offer fair benefits for all? |
| work_ehy2zcth3rfyfkajspey4md5sa | Evidence based ethics? |
| work_ehy2zcth3rfyfkajspey4md5sa | Evidence- based medicine and women: Do the principles and practice of EBM further women ’s health? |
| work_ehy2zcth3rfyfkajspey4md5sa | So what has the Cochrane Collaboration ever done for us? |
| work_ehy2zcth3rfyfkajspey4md5sa | What can she know? |
| work_fmlsaoz33bapngrkfitxlewj74 | Why would it ever need to be more complicated? |
| work_e5z2dpnoyrdylgsx7str4rfgdq | Where do the criteria of social justice come from? |
| work_e5z2dpnoyrdylgsx7str4rfgdq | Why has the State the powers it has? |
| work_e5z2dpnoyrdylgsx7str4rfgdq | forthcoming b, “ Economists: Truth- Seekers or Rent- Seekers? ”, in Uskali Mäki( ed. |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | Are these models genuine alternatives to a computational approach, or are they di � erent types of computation? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | Are they rivals to explaining the mind in terms of computation, or themselves types of computation? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | But how does imple- mentation work? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | Does the concept of computation have the same content in all � elds? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | How do we detect edges in the world? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | How do we perceive depth from two- dimensional input? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | How does implementation relate to representational content? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | How is representational content involved in implement- ation, if at all? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | Is computation the same as information processing? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | Is there a single notion of computation, or should we be pluralists about computation? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | Is there a single theoretical framework that can unite all approaches to cognition? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | Second, what does it mean to say that a physical system, like the human brain, implements a computation? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | What advantages do these models have over traditional computational models? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | What are the necessary and su � cient conditions for a physical system to implement a computation? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | What are the necessary conditions for implementation to obtain? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | What is the di � erence between genuine computations and computations that rely on an observer to do the computational work? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | Why do some psychological processes appear more apt to be described by certain models than others? |
| work_6wgkyrpubzcm5hhoavlt5p4gwy | an electronic PC and a human brain, implement the same computation? |
| work_f6pxi77crbh45bp3yktbf5k6jm | A.: 2003 ‘ Are Our Best Physical Theories Probably and/or Ap- proximately True? ’ Forthcoming in Philosophy of Science. |
| work_fsozm7m4dzhtxo6woy2wt3ss5u | TOPOLOGY FOR BRANCHING SPACE TIMES 1093 Is non- Hausdorffness a good idea for grounding BST? |
| work_efdhw2rjubg53ltyvhme4eoqfy | Alternatively put: Why is group theory so effective in describing the physical world? |
| work_efdhw2rjubg53ltyvhme4eoqfy | But what is symmetry that it should underlay the very foundation of natural law? |
| work_efdhw2rjubg53ltyvhme4eoqfy | Is symmetry identity? |
| work_efdhw2rjubg53ltyvhme4eoqfy | What is the essential test by which we decide operationally that something is symmetric? |
| work_efdhw2rjubg53ltyvhme4eoqfy | What then- beyond sameness under altered scrutiny- would be necessary? |
| work_cy4uqn5zwrfo5hkldhv7jrbnbi | And if he is not, what sense can we make of his stress on the necessary convergence? |
| work_cy4uqn5zwrfo5hkldhv7jrbnbi | But what about Friedman ’s proposal? |
| work_cy4uqn5zwrfo5hkldhv7jrbnbi | But why exactly do we need this regulative use of reason in our defence of rationality? |
| work_cy4uqn5zwrfo5hkldhv7jrbnbi | So, is he implicitly endorsing scientific realism in stipulating the continuing convergence? |
| work_cyl5uoef4bgzjcy6p3weg5qirq | Are we in any way forced to say that despite this “ containment ” the fundamental theory is explanatorily inade- quate? |
| work_cyl5uoef4bgzjcy6p3weg5qirq | But so what? |
| work_cyl5uoef4bgzjcy6p3weg5qirq | But why 1 ca n’t we leave the asymptotic analysis of universality at the level of a purely mathematical exercise? |
| work_cyl5uoef4bgzjcy6p3weg5qirq | How are we to understand the kind of asymptotic decoding of information con- tained in the fundamental theory? |
| work_cyl5uoef4bgzjcy6p3weg5qirq | How do we fulfill( iii)? |
| work_cyl5uoef4bgzjcy6p3weg5qirq | Response to Belot ’s “ Whose Devil? |
| work_cyl5uoef4bgzjcy6p3weg5qirq | What is the motivation for studying this singular limit? |
| work_cyl5uoef4bgzjcy6p3weg5qirq | Which Details? |
| work_cyl5uoef4bgzjcy6p3weg5qirq | Whose Devil? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | Are there also facts, for example, about how much hotter( twice as hot, three times as hot...) one thing is than another? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | Are there, in general, also facts about the ratios of lengths of temperature intervals? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | But do we need to appeal to statistical mechanics to justify the claim that temperature has a metric structure? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | Does n’t this settle that there are scale- independent temperature ratios? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | Does that scale presuppose that temperature had a metric structure? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | Does thermo- dynamics contain any information about the structure of temperature? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | How could( E) say, or presuppose, more about the structure of temperature than the principles from which it is derived? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | Is there anything more to temperature than these kinds of facts — facts about how things are ordered with respect to temperature? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | Or, instead, is it meaningless to ask what these ratios are? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | So what about Kelvin ’s scale? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | So what about the second law of thermodynamics? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | So what do temperature scales presuppose about the structure of temperature? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | So why am I discussing temperature scales at all? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | Well, does it follow from PV= NkT that doubling a gas ’s volume( at constant pressure) doubles its temperature? |
| work_a5er4rmmxjdfbbvnfgk3rxfiqa | What do those theories tell us? |
| work_bgzuoidd4faapjspfxy74kzwxe | A Formal Framework for Representing Mechanisms? |
| work_bgzuoidd4faapjspfxy74kzwxe | A formal framework for representing mechanisms? |
| work_bgzuoidd4faapjspfxy74kzwxe | FORMAL FRAMEWORK FOR MECHANISMS? |
| work_bgzuoidd4faapjspfxy74kzwxe | FORMAL FRAMEWORK FOR MECHANISMS? |
| work_bgzuoidd4faapjspfxy74kzwxe | FORMAL FRAMEWORK FOR MECHANISMS? |
| work_bgzuoidd4faapjspfxy74kzwxe | FORMAL FRAMEWORK FOR MECHANISMS? |
| work_bgzuoidd4faapjspfxy74kzwxe | FORMAL FRAMEWORK FOR MECHANISMS? |
| work_bgzuoidd4faapjspfxy74kzwxe | FORMAL FRAMEWORK FOR MECHANISMS? |
| work_bgzuoidd4faapjspfxy74kzwxe | FORMAL FRAMEWORK FOR MECHANISMS? |
| work_bgzuoidd4faapjspfxy74kzwxe | FORMAL FRAMEWORK FOR MECHANISMS? |
| work_bgzuoidd4faapjspfxy74kzwxe | Is it not sufficient that the RBN captures the probabilistic dependencies between the variables in V 5 fT; B; D; W; S; Hg? |
| work_bgzuoidd4faapjspfxy74kzwxe | University of Groningen A formal framework for representing mechanisms? |
| work_bgzuoidd4faapjspfxy74kzwxe | “ What Is a Mechanism? |
| work_awju2yby6bf6ffvwsbq6cs4ate | But how is it to be construed? |
| work_awju2yby6bf6ffvwsbq6cs4ate | But is M- fertility really a virtue? |
| work_awju2yby6bf6ffvwsbq6cs4ate | Can the introduction of spin be understood as some kind of de- idealisation? |
| work_awju2yby6bf6ffvwsbq6cs4ate | Could fertility, understood as the capacity to motivate non- ad hoc changes( and as distinct from de- idealisation), ground an argument for realism? |
| work_awju2yby6bf6ffvwsbq6cs4ate | Have we perhaps treated novelty defenders unfairly? |
| work_awju2yby6bf6ffvwsbq6cs4ate | Historical Magic in Old Quantum Theory? |
| work_awju2yby6bf6ffvwsbq6cs4ate | Is Fertility Virtuous in Its Own Right? |
| work_awju2yby6bf6ffvwsbq6cs4ate | Is this then a victory for empiricism? |
| work_awju2yby6bf6ffvwsbq6cs4ate | Miraculous Success? |
| work_awju2yby6bf6ffvwsbq6cs4ate | Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds? |
| work_awju2yby6bf6ffvwsbq6cs4ate | Surely being in difficulties is not what we would expect of an ideal theory? |
| work_awju2yby6bf6ffvwsbq6cs4ate | What Do Physical Models Tell Us? |
| work_d52klcqtfrbthloelegggp55om | 3 What is the problem of temporal qualia? |
| work_d52klcqtfrbthloelegggp55om | 3.2 Are temporal qualia representational? |
| work_d52klcqtfrbthloelegggp55om | 3.4 What is the explanatory problem of temporal qualia? |
| work_d52klcqtfrbthloelegggp55om | And secondly, do temporal qualia represent temporal passage? |
| work_d52klcqtfrbthloelegggp55om | Do we( seem to) perceive passage? |
| work_d52klcqtfrbthloelegggp55om | First, is temporal passage necessary for tem- poral qualia? |
| work_d52klcqtfrbthloelegggp55om | How do we account for the specific kinds of temporal qualia we have? |
| work_d52klcqtfrbthloelegggp55om | Temporal qualia and the explanatory gap What is the explanatory problem of temporal qualia? |
| work_d52klcqtfrbthloelegggp55om | Why does it appear to us as though time passes? |
| work_d52klcqtfrbthloelegggp55om | Why does time seem to pass? |
| work_d52klcqtfrbthloelegggp55om | ` Temporal qualia''as an umbrella term Are temporal qualia representational? |
| work_fh4w25xce5gczlgvwgd7shrkcm | What Is Biodiversity? |
| work_fh4w25xce5gczlgvwgd7shrkcm | “ Bargaining with Neighbors: Is Justice Contagious? ” Journal of Philosophy 96:588–98. |
| work_fimogpgvrvdzbetu5hkkfoe2se | What does this look like for our case study? |
| work_fimogpgvrvdzbetu5hkkfoe2se | What is a mechanism? |
| work_fimogpgvrvdzbetu5hkkfoe2se | Why is studying the genetics of intelligence so controversial? |
| work_elk4lqodkbbz3ley77hzqz4bce | But is it then playing a substantive role? |
| work_elk4lqodkbbz3ley77hzqz4bce | Is representation playing a minimal or a substantive role in these ex- periments? |
| work_elk4lqodkbbz3ley77hzqz4bce | “ Hippocampal Place Cells: The ‘ Where ’ of Episodic Memory? ” Hippo- campus 16( 9): 743–54. |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | Does the fact that the logical problem is a general skeptical problem render mindreading empirically intractable? |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | How Do Comparative Psychologists Test for Mindreading? |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | How do we determine whether an agent is producing an ms variable? |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | What Is Mindreading? |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | Why posit the additional inferential step involving cs? |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | “ Chimpanzee Minds: Suspiciously Human? ” TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences 7( 4): 157–60. |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | “ Chimpanzee Theory of Mind: Looking in All the Wrong Places? ” Mind and Language 20( 5): 521–36. |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | “ Do Chimpanzees Know What Conspecifics Know? ” Animal Behaviour 61:139–51. |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | “ Do Chimpanzees Know What Others See — or Only What They Are Looking At? ” In Rational Animals?, ed. |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | “ Do Chimpanzees Know What Others See — or Only What They Are Looking At? ” In Rational Animals?, ed. |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | “ Does the Chimpanzee Have a Theory of Mind? |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | “ Does the Chimpanzee Have a Theory of Mind? ” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1( 4): 515–26. |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | “ How Could We Know Whether Nonhuman Primates Understand Others ’ Internal Goals and Intentions? |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | “ If Chimpanzees Are Mindreaders, Could Behavioral Science Tell? |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | “ The Question of Animal Rationality: Theory and Evi- dence. ” In Rational Animals?, ed. |
| work_aryomlrobrgjrdq4mgsdd3j5ji | “ When Does Smart Behavior- Reading Become Mind- Reading? ” In Theories of Theories of Mind, ed. |
| work_e2nhqqftazdo3ek6dnefyj5oxi | But, so what? |
| work_e2nhqqftazdo3ek6dnefyj5oxi | Now I would like to ask rather a silly question: how many anti- nomies did Kant give there? |
| work_e2nhqqftazdo3ek6dnefyj5oxi | Was Hegel right? |
| work_e2nhqqftazdo3ek6dnefyj5oxi | What is an antinomy? |
| work_e2nhqqftazdo3ek6dnefyj5oxi | “ What Is a Contradiction? ” In The Law of Non- contradiction, edited by G. Priest, J. C. Beall, and B. Armour- Garb, 49 – 72. |
| work_e2nhqqftazdo3ek6dnefyj5oxi | “ What is Dialectic? |
| work_e2nhqqftazdo3ek6dnefyj5oxi | “ What is Dialectic? ” In K. R. Popper, Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. |
| work_er77iwudtrhk3eun3epjxdr5ci | Here we turn to''What does Quantum Logic Explain?'' |
| work_er77iwudtrhk3eun3epjxdr5ci | PUTNAM, H.[ 1969]:''Is Logic Empirical?'' |
| work_er77iwudtrhk3eun3epjxdr5ci | ZOLLINGER, H.[ 1980]:''Logic or Psychology of Scientific Discovery? |
| work_er77iwudtrhk3eun3epjxdr5ci | [ I98i b]:''What Does Quantum Logic Explain?'' |
| work_djb7iwd5o5frzghd5hcjdm4w2e | ( s, r) i j Notice that Proposition 5 is an answer to the first question raised in the previous section: Why are language conventions stable? |
| work_djb7iwd5o5frzghd5hcjdm4w2e | And how might a conventional language be established in the first place? |
| work_djb7iwd5o5frzghd5hcjdm4w2e | And, once the decision is made, why do they not switch? |
| work_djb7iwd5o5frzghd5hcjdm4w2e | At this point two questions become pressing: How is a conventional language maintained in a population? |
| work_djb7iwd5o5frzghd5hcjdm4w2e | But do we have a good explanation of how conventions of meaning come about? |
| work_djb7iwd5o5frzghd5hcjdm4w2e | EVOLUTION AND THE EXPLANATION OF MEANING 11 But why should signaling systems emerge in the first place? |
| work_djb7iwd5o5frzghd5hcjdm4w2e | If an animal gives an alarm call, does it mean that a predator is present? |
| work_djb7iwd5o5frzghd5hcjdm4w2e | Or does it mean that the proper response to the presence of the predator should be performed? |
| work_djb7iwd5o5frzghd5hcjdm4w2e | Schlag, Karl( 1998), “ Why Imitate, and If So How? |
| work_djb7iwd5o5frzghd5hcjdm4w2e | To what extent have studies like this one or Skyrms( 1996) been able to answer Quine ’s skeptical doubts concerning conventional meaning? |
| work_eaqjqvswxbgb7agr2s7dgu2poi | For how long?]. |
| work_eaqjqvswxbgb7agr2s7dgu2poi | How could a trait be both culturally determined and an adaptation at the same time? |
| work_eaqjqvswxbgb7agr2s7dgu2poi | I know that bow- making had something to do with heating the branch before bending it, but how much heat? |
| work_eaqjqvswxbgb7agr2s7dgu2poi | What happens when the child matures and it becomes time for her to guide the emotional development of her own children? |
| work_eaqjqvswxbgb7agr2s7dgu2poi | Who would have expected that perspective- taking would lead to lower than average guilt levels in anxious children? |
| work_eaqjqvswxbgb7agr2s7dgu2poi | Wo n’t fidelity be lost? |
| work_bij3m55cvzhzfdgl4dclclv46y | ( Francoeur, 2000, p.9) What about computer modelling? |
| work_bij3m55cvzhzfdgl4dclclv46y | Beyond De- materialization and Inscription: Does the Materiality of Molecular Models Really Matter? |
| work_bij3m55cvzhzfdgl4dclclv46y | Can this framework be used to give a good account of the role of molecular models and the way that they are used? |
| work_bij3m55cvzhzfdgl4dclclv46y | Does the view provide a good account of the way that models are used, and the attitude that users take towards them? |
| work_bij3m55cvzhzfdgl4dclclv46y | For example, is n’t it fictional that we can not touch molecules? |
| work_bij3m55cvzhzfdgl4dclclv46y | Is scientists ’ imaginative participation in modelling any more than an interesting psychological curiosity? |
| work_bij3m55cvzhzfdgl4dclclv46y | S3: before? |
| work_bij3m55cvzhzfdgl4dclclv46y | What are the principles of generation that govern the use of molecular models? |
| work_gahlka4btfhmjfzs7fhbi565cq | Malinow, Robert( 1998), “ Silencing the Controversy in LTP? ”, Neuron 21: 1226–1227. |
| work_coedkfbp5fckrhit27d66squea | ( 1973),"The Problem of Measurement- Real or Imaginary?" |
| work_coedkfbp5fckrhit27d66squea | ( 1975),"Does the Minimal Statistical Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics Re- solve the Measurement Problem?" |
| work_coedkfbp5fckrhit27d66squea | ( 1976b), What''s Wrong With Science? |
| work_coedkfbp5fckrhit27d66squea | 1- 22] Are Probabilism and Special Relativity Incompatible? |
| work_coedkfbp5fckrhit27d66squea | 126- 140] Discussion What Would Happen If Everyone Did It? |
| work_coedkfbp5fckrhit27d66squea | 78- 97] Are Punctuationists Wrong about the Modern Synthesis? |
| work_coedkfbp5fckrhit27d66squea | Are Probabilism and Special Relativity Incompatible? |
| work_coedkfbp5fckrhit27d66squea | Copyright? |
| work_coedkfbp5fckrhit27d66squea | Is E2 ontologically definite, indefinite, or what? |
| work_coedkfbp5fckrhit27d66squea | Maxwell, N.( 1968),"Can there be Necessary Connections between Successive Events?" |
| work_coedkfbp5fckrhit27d66squea | What arguments can be given to help us choose between predictive and onto- logical probabilism? |
| work_dopflllusneojefidnl2af6nty | And why does this happen invariably? |
| work_dopflllusneojefidnl2af6nty | Bricmont, Jean( 1996), “ Science of Chaos or Chaos in Science? ”, in Paul R. Gross, Norman Levitt, and Martin W. Lewis( eds. |
| work_dopflllusneojefidnl2af6nty | Maudlin, Tim( 2007), “ What Could Be Objective about Probabilities? ”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 38: 275–291. |
| work_dopflllusneojefidnl2af6nty | More specifically, what is the typicality measure, and what is the relevant property P? |
| work_dopflllusneojefidnl2af6nty | That is, why do we never observe gases staying in the left half, even after the shutter has been removed? |
| work_dopflllusneojefidnl2af6nty | What does it mean for a system ’s Hamiltonian to be typical in the class of all Hamiltonians? |
| work_dopflllusneojefidnl2af6nty | What is it about molecules and their motions that leads them to spread out when the wall is removed? |
| work_dopflllusneojefidnl2af6nty | Why is this? |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | 23 Nor is there, in general, a single correct answer to the question: is event e1 past, present, or future? |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | And if so, why stop there? |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | At what rate is it growing? |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | Given that the future exists, just like the past, what reason do we have for thinking that only the past facts are fixed? |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | How can the chance of the next ice cube melting both be either zero or one and be non- trivial? |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | If we are allowed to vary the former sort of fact, why should n’t we be allowed to vary the latter? |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | If we are willing to relativize chance to a specification of macro- and micro- levels, the question arises: ought we to relativize it in other ways? |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | Is it possible for Sally to attend the party? |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | Markosian, N.[ 1993]: ‘ How Fast Does Time Pass? ’, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 53, pp. |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | Maudlin, T.[ 2007b]: ‘ What Could Be Objective about Probabilities? ’, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 38, pp. |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | Strevens, M.[ 2000]: ‘ Do Large Probabilities Explain Better? ’, Philosophy of Science, 67, pp. |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | What about when( 3) is interpreted as a claim about the chance of the next ice cube melting? |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | What else, then, could explain the fact that most of the silver atoms sent through the experiment are deflected up? |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | Which raises the question: why do n’t we ever observe such strange behaviour? |
| work_2mrdt2e2xvfv3l6wovwpvelqa4 | [ 2007]: ‘ Deterministic Chance? ’, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 58, pp. |
| work_g7hc43pd7rd6lc3ut5xamlpdi4 | So which are we supposed to believe: that the world is isomorphic to a model of T, or that the world is isomorphic to a model of T ′? |
| work_g7hc43pd7rd6lc3ut5xamlpdi4 | ”( p. 5) But what is the theoretical content that the language is supposed to be presenting? |
| work_fxkp5jqtx5fwvipg7e7w3r3s7e | How should these models be interpreted? |
| work_fxkp5jqtx5fwvipg7e7w3r3s7e | What consequence does PI have? |
| work_fxkp5jqtx5fwvipg7e7w3r3s7e | What objects are specified by the models and how should we assign properties to them? |
| work_dzv6oifzjbgijgztvz6tz2l2ny | 2( suitably generalized)? |
| work_dzv6oifzjbgijgztvz6tz2l2ny | Are newtonian gravitation and geometrized newtonian gravitation theoretically equivalent?, unpublished manuscript. |
| work_dzv6oifzjbgijgztvz6tz2l2ny | Does a similar result hold in relativity? |
| work_dzv6oifzjbgijgztvz6tz2l2ny | So is Reichenbach triumphant in the end? |
| work_fldj2cgtj5b67mjr5pyxrzkc6a | Berkeley: Frog, Ltd. Franklin, Allan( 1999), Can That Be Right?. |
| work_fldj2cgtj5b67mjr5pyxrzkc6a | So how does prototypical historical research compare to classical ex- perimental research? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | 1139 On Thought Experiments: Is There More to the Argument? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | 1149 is exercised well? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | As Brown stresses, there is a symmetry in the selection of x and y, so why not? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | But how are we to know that the thought experiment is properly for- mulated? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | But how can we be so sure that this is n’t the thought experiment that seals the fate of special relativity after all? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | From where does this knowledge come? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | How are we to distinguish it from those cases like the rod and slot in which the thought experiment proves to be massively misleading in this aspect? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | How are we to know when the power of constructive participation THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS: MORE TO THE ARGUMENT? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | How are we to know which are the good Platonic thought experiments? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | How is this possible? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | How might we characterize the error? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | I propose the same verdict for thought ex- THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS: MORE TO THE ARGUMENT? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | If thought experiments have some extra power to reveal the right culprit when a contradiction emerges, what is the epistemic basis of this power? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | In short, if thought experiments have such extra powers, how can they be exercised reliably? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | Might that view preclude thought experimentation? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS: MORE TO THE ARGUMENT? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | Viewing the process from the plate and slot, THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS: MORE TO THE ARGUMENT? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | We THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS: MORE TO THE ARGUMENT? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | What might the generalized logic of a good thought experiment look 1144 JOHN D. NORTON like if it is not a familiar logic? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | Why Arguments? |
| work_7onppkuk25g5rcosqacbi2dqsi | — — —( 1996), “ Are Thought Experiments Just What You Thought? ”, Canadian Journal of Philosophy 26(3): 333–366. |
| work_e47tc6poareq5jnjpkpsbyzfdm | Do the Answers Provide Actionable Information?. |
| work_e47tc6poareq5jnjpkpsbyzfdm | How large should the buffer zone be? |
| work_e47tc6poareq5jnjpkpsbyzfdm | Is it worth investing in a new irrigation system? |
| work_e47tc6poareq5jnjpkpsbyzfdm | This modeling exercise delivers answers, but how much can they be trusted? |
| work_e47tc6poareq5jnjpkpsbyzfdm | “ Climate Projections: Past Performance No Guarantee of Future Skill? ” Geophysical Research Letters 36( 13): L13704. |
| work_e47tc6poareq5jnjpkpsbyzfdm | “ Uncertainty: Climate Models at Their Limit? ” Nature 486( 7402): 183–84. |
| work_do5gxuzzwrfptpao36rcc7ekum | ''Where am I, or what? |
| work_do5gxuzzwrfptpao36rcc7ekum | ( 2) Why were many earlier philosophers relatively unworried by the impli- cations of inductive fallibilism? |
| work_do5gxuzzwrfptpao36rcc7ekum | 2 A HISTORICAL SURVEY How, then, did philosophers think about induction before Hume-- before, shall we say, the middle of the eighteenth century? |
| work_do5gxuzzwrfptpao36rcc7ekum | From what causes do I derive my existence, and to what condition shall I return? |
| work_do5gxuzzwrfptpao36rcc7ekum | If both arguments are purely deductive, why should this be? |
| work_do5gxuzzwrfptpao36rcc7ekum | What beings surround me? |
| work_do5gxuzzwrfptpao36rcc7ekum | Whose favour shall I court, and whose anger must I dread? |
| work_do5gxuzzwrfptpao36rcc7ekum | and on whom have I any influence, or who have influence on me?'' |
| work_ca7mwqzsbnatbaxldx7wowsbee | ( 1970), ‘ Who ’s afraid of absolute space? ’, Australasian Journal of Philosophy 48(3), 287–319. |
| work_ca7mwqzsbnatbaxldx7wowsbee | ( 1987), ‘ What price substantivalism? |
| work_ca7mwqzsbnatbaxldx7wowsbee | ( 1989), Absolute or Relative Motion? |
| work_ca7mwqzsbnatbaxldx7wowsbee | ( 1996), ‘ Absolute versus relational space- time: An outmoded debate? ’, Journal of Philosophy 93, 279–306. |
| work_ca7mwqzsbnatbaxldx7wowsbee | ( 2001), ‘ Relationism rehabilitated? |
| work_ca7mwqzsbnatbaxldx7wowsbee | 29) But is reference to the affine structure of spacetime so easily avoided? |
| work_ca7mwqzsbnatbaxldx7wowsbee | But can such a distinction between two varieties of relationism be drawn so clearly? |
| work_ca7mwqzsbnatbaxldx7wowsbee | How does this theory account for inertial forces in terms of relational variables? |
| work_ca7mwqzsbnatbaxldx7wowsbee | In par- ticular, how should one understand “ the structure of the physical space in which the particles move ”? |
| work_ca7mwqzsbnatbaxldx7wowsbee | Relationism Rehabilitated? |
| work_ca7mwqzsbnatbaxldx7wowsbee | What do the solutions of this theory look like? |
| work_d5gfunty6vez5manqxwm5qjjlq | A change in the charge of a particle is a physical effect, for sure, but is the linear, non- accelerated motion of an object a physical effect? |
| work_d5gfunty6vez5manqxwm5qjjlq | However, is there any reason to believe that this will be the case? |
| work_d5gfunty6vez5manqxwm5qjjlq | However, this is problematic, for how can we identify this relevant class of local interactions where energy must be conserved? |
| work_d5gfunty6vez5manqxwm5qjjlq | Is there room for alien forces in a world where these conservation laws apply? |
| work_d5gfunty6vez5manqxwm5qjjlq | Now, does it require that they are in fact conserved? |
| work_d5gfunty6vez5manqxwm5qjjlq | Now, how is the via negativa supposed to work when the physicalist is concerned with domains other than the mental? |
| work_d5gfunty6vez5manqxwm5qjjlq | Now, is such a non- committal stance possible? |
| work_d5gfunty6vez5manqxwm5qjjlq | That is, does CCP ’ require that conservation laws are true? |
| work_d5gfunty6vez5manqxwm5qjjlq | What can we do? |
| work_d5gfunty6vez5manqxwm5qjjlq | What characterization of the physical do we end up with? |
| work_d5gfunty6vez5manqxwm5qjjlq | Where does all this leave us? |
| work_d5gfunty6vez5manqxwm5qjjlq | xi I understand that the opening paragraph in Montero ’s[ 2003] supports my claim: “ Does God exist? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | Bod, Rens( 2006),"Exemplar- Based Syntax: How to Get Productivity from Examples? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | But how can we create such a derivation tree if the coefficient of discharge is not derived from any higher- level equation? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | But how far does DOP stretch for technological devices and real- world systems? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | But what if such knowledge involves an intermediate model, as in the case with Prandtl''s boundary layer model discussed by Heidelberger( 2006)? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | Can we also represent more complex systems by means of derivation trees? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | How then do we derive a real- world system or phenomenon in science and engineering? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | Introduction How do we get from theory to the real world? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | Morrison, Margaret( 2006),"Applying Science and Applied Science: What''s the Difference? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | So what does a syntactic phrase- structure tree look like? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | Symposium on “ Applying Science ” How is scientific knowledge used, adapted and extended in deriving phenomena and real- world systems? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | That is to say, how is scientific knowledge used, adapted and extended in deriving concrete phenomena and real- world systems? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | The DOP view of scientific explanation What do derivational explanations in physics look like? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | This brings me back to Kuhn''s problem, that is, how do we know on which exemplar a new phenomenon can be modelled( Kuhn 1970, p. 190)? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | What does this mean for DOP? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | Which tree should be chosen? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | Why? |
| work_b54g353yvvbsjkxzuwfke52piy | what does a"matching algorithm"for language look like? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | (?) |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | 15 What if the time of the toss itself is unknown: for example, if it will occur during the first 10 minutes of the Monday waking? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | 19 What if we pose different mathematical questions on each run of the experiment? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | Does this lead to a problematic automatic confirmation for GGG? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | How should thirders respond to this argument? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | Is there then any sense in asking what Beauty ’s credences ought to be? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | Many Worlds? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | Saunders et al., Many Worlds? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | Saunders et al., Many Worlds? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | Saunders et al., Many Worlds? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | Saunders et al., Many Worlds? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | Should he take this observation to support EQM over ST? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | Since this situation genuinely is analogous to the Technicolour Beauty scenario, does an analogue of the thirder effect arise? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | These are highly controversial conclusions; how does Bradley reach them? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | What if it is unknown in a self- centred way: if it will occur 10 minutes after the Monday waking, and there is no clock in Beauty ’s room? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | What is the probability of the new evidence acquired via our agents ’ observations, given the various hypotheses being tested? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | What should her credence be that the coin landed Heads, before and after seeing that the paper is Red? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | Why does the sampling model help? |
| work_ajotrobhxbgpxcydpffybaye2y | Why is this connection epistemically relevant? |
| work_erhs6miug5cqxe6t4guztuzzke | Are there relevant differences in GY ’s discrimination of accelerating stimuli as opposed to stimuli moving at a constant velocity? |
| work_erhs6miug5cqxe6t4guztuzzke | For example, this might involve pursuing such questions as: Is GY capable of discriminating figure from ground without motion? |
| work_erhs6miug5cqxe6t4guztuzzke | Is GY capable of discriminating biological motion from rigid motion? |
| work_erhs6miug5cqxe6t4guztuzzke | “ Is conscious perception gradual or dichotomous? |
| work_erhs6miug5cqxe6t4guztuzzke | “ Measuring consciousness: Is one measure better than the other? ” Consciousness and Cognition, 19(4): pp. |
| work_erhs6miug5cqxe6t4guztuzzke | “ Seeing without seeing? |
| work_erhs6miug5cqxe6t4guztuzzke | “ What is a neural correlate of consciousness? ” From Thomas Metzinger( ed.) |
| work_g6cnurbjhneavh2kjkzghvejtm | What is going on? |
| work_g6cnurbjhneavh2kjkzghvejtm | What will be the result if the curve is a polynomial of a given degree? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | 665 answered, how without some very dubious hand- waving do you extract prior probabilities from that list? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | Bayes or Bust? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | Better not Article( Published version)( Refereed) Original citation: Howson, Colin( 2017) Putting on the Garber style? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | But how do we proceed within the objectivist account? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | Colin Howson Putting on the Garber style? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | PUTTING ON THE GARBER STYLE? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | PUTTING ON THE GARBER STYLE? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | PUTTING ON THE GARBER STYLE? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | PUTTING ON THE GARBER STYLE? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | PUTTING ON THE GARBER STYLE? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | PUTTING ON THE GARBER STYLE? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | PUTTING ON THE GARBER STYLE? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | PUTTING ON THE GARBER STYLE? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | So how should we evaluate the prior odds/ probability on GR? |
| work_awvl6jmeoreovcg4j7vss7tibm | What ’s Wrong with Garber- Style Approaches? |
| work_epio7yhwh5hg5ncfajqy7brcue | 1 Introduction How, and in what sense, can statistical inference be objective? |
| work_epio7yhwh5hg5ncfajqy7brcue | Bayes or Bust? |
| work_epio7yhwh5hg5ncfajqy7brcue | Is Science Value Free? |
| work_epio7yhwh5hg5ncfajqy7brcue | Must psychologists change the way they analyze their data? |
| work_epio7yhwh5hg5ncfajqy7brcue | Must the Scientist Make Value Judgments? |
| work_epio7yhwh5hg5ncfajqy7brcue | Whose Knowledge? |
| work_epio7yhwh5hg5ncfajqy7brcue | Whose Science? |
| work_epio7yhwh5hg5ncfajqy7brcue | Why is n’t everyone a Bayesian? |
| work_bn4cpmcr25hrti65ehse6div3i | But gods? |
| work_bn4cpmcr25hrti65ehse6div3i | But on what grounds can it be claimed with some authority that a given community lacks the concept of con- sciousness? |
| work_bn4cpmcr25hrti65ehse6div3i | Can chimpanzees be credited with the ability to understand the goals, intentions and beliefs of conspecifics and of human caretakers? |
| work_bn4cpmcr25hrti65ehse6div3i | Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? |
| work_bn4cpmcr25hrti65ehse6div3i | Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? |
| work_bn4cpmcr25hrti65ehse6div3i | Fringe Mind Strategies 78 sort? |
| work_bn4cpmcr25hrti65ehse6div3i | How does restrictionism deal with the situa- tion? |
| work_bn4cpmcr25hrti65ehse6div3i | Should we believe in them as well, just because they are entailed by Mycenean folk psychology? |
| work_bn4cpmcr25hrti65ehse6div3i | Should we take this to be evidence that they really moved that way? |
| work_bn4cpmcr25hrti65ehse6div3i | Should we take this to be evidence that they really were much taller? |
| work_bn4cpmcr25hrti65ehse6div3i | Types of Minds Is it really permissible to argue from folk psychology to mental organization? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | ), Many Worlds? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | ), Many Worlds? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | ), Many Worlds? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | ), Many Worlds? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | ), Many Worlds? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | ), Many Worlds? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | ), Many Worlds? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | ), Many Worlds? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | ), Quo Vadis Quantum Mechanics? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | 31---( 2005), ’ What is Probability? ’, in S. Dolev A. Elitzur, and N. Kolenda( ed. |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | However, Collectivism is the standard position among philosophers writing about EQM; why might this be? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | What can objective probability possibly amount to in a theory like this? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | What does the measure measure? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | Will the result be up or down? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | • The Epistemic problem: how does our statistical evidence confirm quantum mechanics, according to Everettian quantum mechanics? |
| work_3gh37ir535hqrlxwy6jvcm6kjy | • The Quantitative problem: why should objective probabilities be given by the Born rule, according to Everettian quantum mechanics? |
| work_enfr5mjgzrdfvnra5lbcfc5mhe | ), What physics should we teach? |
| work_enfr5mjgzrdfvnra5lbcfc5mhe | If so, why do we need to use the historical materials beyond mere curiosity and intellectual interest? |
| work_enfr5mjgzrdfvnra5lbcfc5mhe | Physics in sequence: Physics in pieces? |
| work_enfr5mjgzrdfvnra5lbcfc5mhe | Science teaching: What does it mean? |
| work_enfr5mjgzrdfvnra5lbcfc5mhe | Where to expect vestiges of the misconception? |
| work_enfr5mjgzrdfvnra5lbcfc5mhe | Whose nature of science? |
| work_enfr5mjgzrdfvnra5lbcfc5mhe | Why mount ‘ ‘ artificial obstacles ’ ’, why to revive the old barriers already surpassed in science itself? |
| work_enfr5mjgzrdfvnra5lbcfc5mhe | Why this great delay in recognition? |
| work_g2axwt4cefaqhnbtlwulasz4se | Could all these premises for Laplace ’s derivation of the gas laws be understood in any sense as approximately true according to modern theories? |
| work_g2axwt4cefaqhnbtlwulasz4se | What else is typically preserved through theoretical change? |
| work_g2axwt4cefaqhnbtlwulasz4se | What was responsible for Laplace ’s success? |
| work_g2axwt4cefaqhnbtlwulasz4se | Worrall, John( 1989), ‘ ‘ Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds? ’ ’, Dialectica 43: 99 – 124. |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | Are there deductive proofs as there are for some CBN algorithms? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | But what do these conditions amount to in the real world? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | But what then are we making claims about? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | Do the arguments depend on empirical assumptions? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | How are we to understand what we mean when we claim ‘ X causes Y ’? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | How good are the arguments that show that these inferences are valid, with the same questions about empirical assumptions as in 3? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | How good are they at these jobs, both in the ideal and in the kinds of conditions that obtain in practice? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | How good is the argument that vindicates each method? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | If so, do we have a good, well- grounded sense of the kinds of situations in which those assumptions obtain? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | Just what can we do when we know that X causes Y? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | What Claim are we Making? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | What guarantees that these methods are correct for establishing claims that support our inferences? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | What kinds of inferences follow given causal claims understood under various foundings? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | What kinds of strategies for achieving what we want are justified? |
| work_daebnuzlqzh7rmzjuh4hu5xlbi | Which foundings of ‘ cause ’ are various familiar methods for causal inference good for discovering/ testing? |
| work_eo5lzcdjwrcbfmdlfmolkjxac4 | Can this richer notion of formation rules enable Bergmann and Hausman to ground individuation as deeply as they require? |
| work_eo5lzcdjwrcbfmdlfmolkjxac4 | Consider the following question:"Why can not a bare particular be a constituent of more than one ordinary thing?" |
| work_eo5lzcdjwrcbfmdlfmolkjxac4 | Copyright? |
| work_eo5lzcdjwrcbfmdlfmolkjxac4 | How can there be a categorial truth about something that does not belong to any category? |
| work_eo5lzcdjwrcbfmdlfmolkjxac4 | Second, what is their explanation of categorial impossibility? |
| work_eo5lzcdjwrcbfmdlfmolkjxac4 | Third, can they establish that it is categorially impossible for a bare particular to be a constituent of more than one ordinary thing? |
| work_eo5lzcdjwrcbfmdlfmolkjxac4 | This observation leads us back to our original question:"Why can not a bare particular be"in"more than one ordinary thing?" |
| work_eo5lzcdjwrcbfmdlfmolkjxac4 | Thus, once again, if we return to the original question,"Why can not a particular be"in"two ordinary things?" |
| work_g4zz4bdk5fh4rdvajwart7ghga | For what could be the point of that remark? |
| work_g4zz4bdk5fh4rdvajwart7ghga | What is intuitively unnatural about such axiom sets? |
| work_g4zz4bdk5fh4rdvajwart7ghga | What needs to be added to a set of sentences if we are to be able to determine confirmation relations? |
| work_h4tec7dv7bec5ngaovnna56scq | Do doctors really fall so neatly into one camp or the other? |
| work_fcwpxg6qzrfqzggo53vtdt6wxa | 2013.“What Is Interdisciplinary Communication? |
| work_fcwpxg6qzrfqzggo53vtdt6wxa | How? ” European Journal for Philosophy of Science 6: 327–342. |
| work_fcwpxg6qzrfqzggo53vtdt6wxa | Why? |
| work_fcwpxg6qzrfqzggo53vtdt6wxa | “ Philosophy of Interdisciplinarity: What? |
| work_fcwpxg6qzrfqzggo53vtdt6wxa | “ What Is a Virus Species? |
| work_fcwpxg6qzrfqzggo53vtdt6wxa | “ What Is a Virus? |
| work_fcwpxg6qzrfqzggo53vtdt6wxa | “ What Makes Interdisciplinarity Difficult? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | A life of its own: Where will synthetic biology lead us? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | Are they a) geniuses or b) jokers? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | But how do different parts of the orga- nization relate to each other, and how do rela- tions change over time? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | From whence does this new theory derive? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | If academia and industry seek to collaborate, will basic differences in philosophically based logics of organizing handicap interactions? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | In writing this article, for example, which philosophy of science are we implicitly endorsing? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | Is structural realism the best of both worlds? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | Self- governing community Cadre of experts Cross- field, focused collaboration Fortress- like organization Subversive team Organizational examples? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | The treatment: Why is it so difficult to develop drugs for cancer? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | What is structural realism? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | What is this thing called science? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | What is “ realism ”? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | What kind of “ shadow of the past ” is likely to haunt knowledge produc- ers in the present? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | What ’s wrong with the received view on the structure of scientific theories? |
| work_6by6lgsbkzd5hgt2loyz3vc2ae | uk/ tol/ news/ tech_and_web/ article6797859.ece? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | ), What is fundamental? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | A phenomenological solution to the measurement problem? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | But if the wave function is something real, does this mean that mathematical Hilbert space is physically real too? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | But what about more substantive claims about how reality works? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | But what exactly does it mean when Fuchs calls QBism a “ participatory realism ”? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | But which acts are justification- conferring? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | Does QBism amount to some sort of instrumentalism according to which quantum mechanics does not teach us anything about reality? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | Does the wave function collapse upon measurement? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | From a lost history to a new future: Is a phenomenological approach to quantum physics viable? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | Furthermore, he explicitly addresses one of the most important questions of philos- ophy of science: What do we observe in scientific measurements? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | How abstract is symbolic thought? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | How does quantum uncertainty emerge from deterministic Bohmian mechanics? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | How exactly are subject and object interrelated? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | If so, how and why? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | Is the wave function something that really exists or is it merely a mathematical tool, useful to make predictions? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | Ontic structural realism and quantum field theory: Are there intrinsic properties at the most fundamental level of reality? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | Returning to our initial question of how to place Merleau- Ponty in the scientific realism debate, we need to ask: which form of realism? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | So where does this leave us? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | What are the fundamental objects of reality according to his partial realism, his participationist conception? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | What is perspectivism, and does it count as realism? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | What is the distinctive claim of perspectivism, embodied by the examples Giere provides, that standard forms of scientific realism must reject? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | What is wrong with Husserl ’s scientific anti- realism? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | Why gauge? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | Why is it that apparently the outcomes of measurements are always definite states? |
| work_7v7ttdhkwrgf7obe5trpt7fay4 | Why the quantum? |
| work_fdcazm35ljcyxkgzgzurwlm6zm | How? ” European Journal for Philosophy of Science 6( 3): 327–42. |
| work_fdcazm35ljcyxkgzgzurwlm6zm | What? |
| work_fdcazm35ljcyxkgzgzurwlm6zm | Why? |
| work_fdcazm35ljcyxkgzgzurwlm6zm | “ What Is Interdisciplinary Communication? |
| work_fdcazm35ljcyxkgzgzurwlm6zm | “ Your Hypothesis or Mine? |
| work_fdcazm35ljcyxkgzgzurwlm6zm | “ Your Hypothesis or Mine? |
| work_fs7m2gxkpjhinp4ypmferpgtsi | Copyright(? |
| work_fs7m2gxkpjhinp4ypmferpgtsi | II How, prima facie, might we expect the"determinism"of a theory to be settled? |
| work_fs7m2gxkpjhinp4ypmferpgtsi | On these special"shock"surfaces, the ball''s material is not ex-''? For a useful brief survey, see Kalker( 1975). |
| work_fs7m2gxkpjhinp4ypmferpgtsi | Why include a postulate, no matter how true, if it plays little role in the formal developments of the field? |
| work_fs7m2gxkpjhinp4ypmferpgtsi | Will our theory of machines ratify our expectatons of determinism? |
| work_gyc2zoq5dng3zf3dhqxmr6bkoq | Does fear drive economic progress? |
| work_gyc2zoq5dng3zf3dhqxmr6bkoq | How do we use cookies? |
| work_goryuwe2gjbstcdiox6tubagmq | “ What Is Interdisciplinary Communication? |
| work_goryuwe2gjbstcdiox6tubagmq | “ Where Is Disciplinarity Going? |
| work_dtnnetfvbjd6fi5lersnrybmmq | ( 2004), “ Can a Constructive Empiricist Adopt the Concept of Observability? ”, Philosophy of Science 71: 80–97. |
| work_dtnnetfvbjd6fi5lersnrybmmq | A stinking object, perhaps a rotten egg? |
| work_dtnnetfvbjd6fi5lersnrybmmq | But then, should we not always say we are just ob- serving the molecules, even when they are given off by an egg? |
| work_dtnnetfvbjd6fi5lersnrybmmq | I walk into the room and observe: “ It ’s stuffy in here, ” or “ It stinks. ” What is it that I am observing? |
| work_dtnnetfvbjd6fi5lersnrybmmq | If we were to renounce such humanism, what would be the point of subscribing to empiricism at all? |
| work_dtnnetfvbjd6fi5lersnrybmmq | In that case, should we say I am only observing the hydrogen sulphide molecules? |
| work_dtnnetfvbjd6fi5lersnrybmmq | What if there is no egg, but someone just synthesized some hydrogen sulphide( H2S), which can be done in a test tube or in the intestines? |
| work_dtnnetfvbjd6fi5lersnrybmmq | What object is he observing with the thermometer? |
| work_dtnnetfvbjd6fi5lersnrybmmq | Where does all of this leave us in the realism debate? |
| work_dtnnetfvbjd6fi5lersnrybmmq | Whose temperature is he taking? |
| work_dtnnetfvbjd6fi5lersnrybmmq | Why would I want to make such a move back to an apparently anti- quated position? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | Assuming( pace Schickore 2011) that such a confrontation model is viable, how should the debate develop? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | But why should we take this to be anything more than mere mathematical representation? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | Does n’t that show that the construction of the eye somehow works to eliminate chromatic aberration? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | How can the realist hope to make sense of this? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | How do we decide which posits merely influenced the thinking of scientists, and which really acted to bring about the prediction in question? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | How was this to be overcome? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | How, then, would the divide et impera realist proceed from here to reach the actual working posits within Kirchhoff ’s derivation? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | Hutchison, K.( 2002): ‘ Miracle or mystery? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | If we consider a particular prediction, how do we decide which posits were actually involved in the derivation of that prediction, and which were not? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | Is this analogy unfair? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | Is this successful prediction impressive enough for realist commitment? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | Saatsi, J. and Vickers, P.( 2011): ‘ Miraculous Success? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | Were we right to say that one can identify a working posit that is definitely- not- approximately- true? |
| work_dbnrrcbbgnbdrkjiq4epziixau | What would the realist commit to in such a case? |
| work_h3hzgiygwvevllw5xkm2i7l3di | D o we want to say that it manifests that particular quantity of electric charge? |
| work_e3onroxq5nbpnifash235rkisi | 3 Moderately Better Best Systems? |
| work_e3onroxq5nbpnifash235rkisi | But what does it mean to say that ‘ things just happen ’? |
| work_e3onroxq5nbpnifash235rkisi | Does n’t this flagrantly beg the question against the Humean? |
| work_e3onroxq5nbpnifash235rkisi | For my question was: what conception of the mosaic does this Humean stance require? |
| work_e3onroxq5nbpnifash235rkisi | Now, what does the mosaic have to look like in order to provide a useful foundation for this type of approach? |
| work_e3onroxq5nbpnifash235rkisi | This raises the question: which conceptions of the Humean mosaic are suitable for a Humean project? |
| work_e3onroxq5nbpnifash235rkisi | To what exactly can we apply all those various sets of concepts? |
| work_e3onroxq5nbpnifash235rkisi | – What is this ‘ something ’? |
| work_fmktwacjsbdzdp5ykf4ya7xnr4 | No doubt causal inference and modeling are different practices, but are they both theoretical? |
| work_fmktwacjsbdzdp5ykf4ya7xnr4 | Weisberg, M. 2007. Who is a Modeler? |
| work_eqs5md2xkbhadbg25wqtme4e3q | But what � s so special about an unbiased estimator? |
| work_eqs5md2xkbhadbg25wqtme4e3q | First of all, how can we define the goodness- of- fit of Kepler � s model? |
| work_eqs5md2xkbhadbg25wqtme4e3q | So, how do we define the fit of a family of hypotheses? |
| work_eqs5md2xkbhadbg25wqtme4e3q | So, what is the CV score? |
| work_eqs5md2xkbhadbg25wqtme4e3q | So, what � s left out? |
| work_eqs5md2xkbhadbg25wqtme4e3q | So, what � s the problem? |
| work_eqs5md2xkbhadbg25wqtme4e3q | The question is: How does one estimate predictive accuracy from the observed data? |
| work_eqs5md2xkbhadbg25wqtme4e3q | Why Should Kepler � s Laws Supersede Copernicus � s Theory? |
| work_enqyzgzg2zebbnkajjqdzzs2za | After all, how else can we make some water except by creating, or bringing together, some H2O molecules? |
| work_enqyzgzg2zebbnkajjqdzzs2za | But then what are they? |
| work_enqyzgzg2zebbnkajjqdzzs2za | Do the traveling scientists make a mistake? |
| work_enqyzgzg2zebbnkajjqdzzs2za | Hacking is right to argue that the question, “ Is it an acid? ” can not be answered without qualification. |
| work_enqyzgzg2zebbnkajjqdzzs2za | Is it water, then, on my account? |
| work_enqyzgzg2zebbnkajjqdzzs2za | Needham, Paul( 2000), “ What Is Water? ” Analysis 60: 13–21. |
| work_enqyzgzg2zebbnkajjqdzzs2za | We can ask, ‘ Is it a Lewis acid? ’ or, ‘ Is it a Brønsted- Lowry acid? ’ and so on, answering to nothing deeper than relevant definitions. |
| work_enqyzgzg2zebbnkajjqdzzs2za | We can ask, ‘ Is it a Lewis acid? ’ or, ‘ Is it a Brønsted- Lowry acid? ’ and so on, answering to nothing deeper than relevant definitions. |
| work_enqyzgzg2zebbnkajjqdzzs2za | What about ‘ water ’ and ‘ gold ’? |
| work_enqyzgzg2zebbnkajjqdzzs2za | What conception of element underlay these innovations? |
| work_hczgpwqlyfaclehqhyk4y4qhfm | Which date is correct? |
| work_gcp7aof475hebafc7rxpelt42u | And if so, what may prevent two a- worlds being closest, in one of which b is true and in the other b is false? |
| work_gcp7aof475hebafc7rxpelt42u | How does the modal content of the propensities operative in SNM ’s and the chances that they putatively explain relate? |
| work_gcp7aof475hebafc7rxpelt42u | What could this explanatory grounding relation then be? |
| work_gcp7aof475hebafc7rxpelt42u | What does the chance ascription amount to? |
| work_gdiftgfprnd67dtjziwh36hwzq | How are we to understand this in the context of the debate over inclusive fitness? |
| work_gdiftgfprnd67dtjziwh36hwzq | In particular, why should we expect Hamilton ’s rule to be true in general? |
| work_gdiftgfprnd67dtjziwh36hwzq | “ Direct Fitness or Inclusive Fitness: How Shall We Model Kin Selection? ” Journal of Evolutionary Biology 20:301–9. |
| work_gdiftgfprnd67dtjziwh36hwzq | “ Inbreeding and Relatedness Coefficients: What Do They Measure? ” Heredity 88:371–80. |
| work_gdiftgfprnd67dtjziwh36hwzq | “ Mathematics of Kin- and Group- Selection: Formally Equivalent? ” Evolution 64( 2): 316–23. |
| work_fwckd4g3grbz5kb3yc7dyhgubq | 1 What was Hodgkin and Huxley ’s Achievement? |
| work_fwckd4g3grbz5kb3yc7dyhgubq | 2 Contents 1 Introduction 2 A Primer on the HH model 2.1 The Basic qualitative picture 2.2 The quantitative model 3 Interlude: What did HH think? |
| work_fwckd4g3grbz5kb3yc7dyhgubq | 3 Interlude: What did HH think? |
| work_fwckd4g3grbz5kb3yc7dyhgubq | Why has aggregative abstraction been overlooked? |
| work_fwckd4g3grbz5kb3yc7dyhgubq | how do the changing states of individual conducting molecules give rise to a spike? |
| work_fwckd4g3grbz5kb3yc7dyhgubq | what are the processes that change conductance? |
| work_ffd2cak2xnfzbpqt26q7mk5zji | Are eating disorders culturally bound syndromes? |
| work_ffd2cak2xnfzbpqt26q7mk5zji | Do our psy- chological laws apply only to Americans? |
| work_ffd2cak2xnfzbpqt26q7mk5zji | Is American Psychology Already Becoming More International? |
| work_ffd2cak2xnfzbpqt26q7mk5zji | Psycho- logical universals: What are they and how can we know? |
| work_ffd2cak2xnfzbpqt26q7mk5zji | Research in the psychological laboratory: Truth or triviality? |
| work_ffd2cak2xnfzbpqt26q7mk5zji | What Is Science? |
| work_ffd2cak2xnfzbpqt26q7mk5zji | What Is Scientific Progress? |
| work_ffd2cak2xnfzbpqt26q7mk5zji | Will cul- tural psychology simply be an anecdotal record of cultural differences or a collection of replication studies? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | Does that show anything of intrinsic physical significance? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | In quantum mechanics, we do not even know what the fundamental terms and principles are—“measurement ”? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | Is motion to be defined with respect to objects or with respect to space? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | Is there incompatibility between the ways time is treated in general relativity and in standard quantum mechanics? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | Quantum spacetime: What do we know? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | The Everett interpretation of quantum mechanics: Many worlds or none? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | What is causality? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | What is observable in classical and quantum gravity? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | What is the meaning of “ being somewhere ”? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | What is the meaning of “ moving ”? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | What is the meaning of “ now ”? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | What is the role of the observer in physics? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | What is time? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | What price spacetime substantivalism? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | “ interaction ”? |
| work_cxft2d6ia5bpff4sqwoz6tfxue | “ observation ”? |
| work_ffpjrgossjb3rdhs22t3pmqjte | An Adequate Solution to The Simplicity Puzzle? |
| work_ffpjrgossjb3rdhs22t3pmqjte | But, in what sense is the green hypothesis simpler than the grue one, and why should simplicity count? |
| work_ffpjrgossjb3rdhs22t3pmqjte | How, then, can simplicity be a genuine criterion for theory choice on Kelly ’s account? |
| work_ffpjrgossjb3rdhs22t3pmqjte | Retraction Efficiency: Epistemic or Pragmatic? |
| work_ffpjrgossjb3rdhs22t3pmqjte | What about the relative efficiency of these methods? |
| work_ffpjrgossjb3rdhs22t3pmqjte | “ What Is Justified Belief? ” In Justification and Knowledge, ed. |
| work_fmm6hassp5fqjesdxvuezwe3py | ( I.e., what is the ‘ equilibrium of the game ’, if there is one?) |
| work_fmm6hassp5fqjesdxvuezwe3py | According to this principle, what we have to ask is, to put it bluntly: How good is the equilibrium point for the agents engaged in the game? |
| work_fmm6hassp5fqjesdxvuezwe3py | For example, if authors may choose among a wide set of claims, why do they select one claim in particular, instead of others? |
| work_fmm6hassp5fqjesdxvuezwe3py | Obviously, the equilibrium is optimum for the author, but what can be said about readers? |
| work_fmm6hassp5fqjesdxvuezwe3py | The next ques- tion to answer is, of course, what point within h will be the author ’s optimum choice? |
| work_fmm6hassp5fqjesdxvuezwe3py | What Does the General Model Entail about Real Scientific Negotiations? |
| work_ginyufi4rvfjlggintgfexyw5u | Conclusion: Beyond the Mechanistic Paradigm? |
| work_ginyufi4rvfjlggintgfexyw5u | Secondly, what is the epistemic rationale for using these often abstract and schematized representations — models? |
| work_ginyufi4rvfjlggintgfexyw5u | That is, what is the place and role of modeling in the mechanistic research program? |
| work_ginyufi4rvfjlggintgfexyw5u | The question is why should researchers invoke this combinational strategy and what is the role of synthetic modeling in this fabric? |
| work_ginyufi4rvfjlggintgfexyw5u | “ Does matter really matter? |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | ( 2006), “ How Can Neuroimaging Relate Cognitive and Neural Pro- cesses? ”, working paper, Rutgers University Conference on fMRI. |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | 330 When Is a Brain Like the Planet? |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | Can There Be Mental Causes? |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | General, sufficient conditions for screening off relations among vari- WHEN IS A BRAIN LIKE THE PLANET? |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | Hawkins, R., and E. Kandel( 1984), “ Is There a Cell- Biological Alphabet for Simple Forms of Learning? ”, Psychological Review 91: 375–391. |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | In both cases, physical mechanisms are proposed for simple WHEN IS A BRAIN LIKE THE PLANET? |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | Nagel, T.( 1974), “ What Is It Like to Be a Bat? ”, Philosophical Review 83: 435–450. |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | WHEN IS A BRAIN LIKE THE PLANET? |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | WHEN IS A BRAIN LIKE THE PLANET? |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | WHEN IS A BRAIN LIKE THE PLANET? |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | WHEN IS A BRAIN LIKE THE PLANET? |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | WHEN IS A BRAIN LIKE THE PLANET? |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | What can be the explanation? |
| work_dp5ph7dqvbfqfp4mjx56iq4wrm | When Is a Brain Like the Planet? |
| work_h4aeywmvwfattldea5f4mf7eha | 1 What is Complementary to What? |
| work_h4aeywmvwfattldea5f4mf7eha | Is this not a departure from the ideal of objectivity? |
| work_ethia4i6jnh2fad2dpdkf7wcbm | 39 Can b and c be interpreted as measures of causal effects in the synergy game? |
| work_ethia4i6jnh2fad2dpdkf7wcbm | And in what sense does this result in them providing ‘ no intuition whatsoever ’? |
| work_ethia4i6jnh2fad2dpdkf7wcbm | How, then, can the defender of HRG respond to this new ‘ tautology ’ complaint? |
| work_ethia4i6jnh2fad2dpdkf7wcbm | In what sense are b and c ‘ no longer properties of individual phenotypes ’? |
| work_ethia4i6jnh2fad2dpdkf7wcbm | Is there any way to bring the two opposing camps together? |
| work_ethia4i6jnh2fad2dpdkf7wcbm | Who is correct here? |
| work_ethia4i6jnh2fad2dpdkf7wcbm | [ 2011]: ‘ Can There Be A Priori Causal Models of Natural Selection? ’ Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 89, pp. |
| work_ehsxlub3hvav5ego4ckz6nr5km | 2013), then should n’t the first priority of any researcher be to test all the data she is building on? |
| work_ehsxlub3hvav5ego4ckz6nr5km | And how is this related to replication and trust? |
| work_ehsxlub3hvav5ego4ckz6nr5km | And if the latter is the case then what is it that makes scientists so confident in non- replicated data? |
| work_ehsxlub3hvav5ego4ckz6nr5km | Believe it or not: how much can we rely on published data on potential drug targets? |
| work_ehsxlub3hvav5ego4ckz6nr5km | But what if replications, these creators of trust, come in forms that the current analytic frameworks do n’t account for? |
| work_ehsxlub3hvav5ego4ckz6nr5km | How exactly is existing data incorporated, thus becoming part of the current setup? |
| work_ehsxlub3hvav5ego4ckz6nr5km | Is there a reproducibility crisis? |
| work_ehsxlub3hvav5ego4ckz6nr5km | Is this a case of blind trust and ignorance or is there more to it? |
| work_ehsxlub3hvav5ego4ckz6nr5km | Replications in psychology research: How often do they really occur? |
| work_ehsxlub3hvav5ego4ckz6nr5km | What does research reproducibility mean? |
| work_ehsxlub3hvav5ego4ckz6nr5km | What exactly does it mean to use existing data in an experiment? |
| work_ehsxlub3hvav5ego4ckz6nr5km | and 2) why do scientists not make more replications of previous data? |
| work_f4a7gr5h55eoxc4pmcul2vbjda | 1 Introduction The question I want to consider is this: Is Newtonian particle mechanics a deterministic theory? |
| work_f4a7gr5h55eoxc4pmcul2vbjda | 15 7 Is Norton ’s Example a Proper “ Newtonian System ”? |
| work_f4a7gr5h55eoxc4pmcul2vbjda | Does this composite system qualify as proper Newtonian constraint system? |
| work_f4a7gr5h55eoxc4pmcul2vbjda | If so, how bad can the latter be? |
| work_f4a7gr5h55eoxc4pmcul2vbjda | If so, what restrictions, if any, apply? |
| work_f4a7gr5h55eoxc4pmcul2vbjda | Is this a “ Newtonian system ”? |
| work_f4a7gr5h55eoxc4pmcul2vbjda | Issue# 1: Are we allowed to posit( make- up) forces? |
| work_f4a7gr5h55eoxc4pmcul2vbjda | Issue# 2: Is the number of particles in a “ Newtonian system ” understood to be fixed? |
| work_f4a7gr5h55eoxc4pmcul2vbjda | Issue# 3: Do we allow constraint systems in which the defining constraints involve singularities? |
| work_fhmapbg2qncllaayz5toutwsba | What is the distinctive explanatory virtue of all of these explanations? |
| work_fhmapbg2qncllaayz5toutwsba | Why believe that abstraction pro- vides a genuine dimension of explanatory depth? |
| work_fhmapbg2qncllaayz5toutwsba | “ A ‘ Modern ’( p Victorian?) |
| work_fhmapbg2qncllaayz5toutwsba | “ Do Large Probabilities Explain Better? ” Philosophy of Science 67( 3): 366–90. |
| work_fhmapbg2qncllaayz5toutwsba | “ Ecological Laws: What Would They Be and Why Would They Matter? ” Oikos 110( 2): 394–403. |
| work_fhmapbg2qncllaayz5toutwsba | “ What Can Geometry Explain? ” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 30( 1): 69–83. |
| work_fhmapbg2qncllaayz5toutwsba | “ Who ’s Afraid of Ceteris- Paribus Laws? |
| work_fhmapbg2qncllaayz5toutwsba | “ Why Is There Anything Except Physics? ” Synthese 170( 2): 217–33. |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | ( 3) What is the particle content of L′′? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | ( Earman 2004b, 1239) Indeed, how can any physical mechanism arise from the breaking of a merely conventional symmetry requirement? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | 3.1 Ontology of the Higgs Mechanism? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | 3.2 Explanatory Value of the Higgs Mechanism? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | And, finally, does this very mechanism “ exist ” at all? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | Are gauge symmetry transformations observable? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | Have I got it right, Steve? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | How is it then possible to instantiate a mechanism, let alone a dynamics of mass generation, in the breaking of such a kind of symmetry? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | I mean is n’t this a dynamic evolution, something that happens in the history of the universe? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | In what sense are the masses of the particles truly “ dynamically generated ”? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | In what sense, we may ask, are Goldstone bosons “ real ”( à la Weinberg)? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | Is such a goal reached? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | June 2008.∗ Does the Higgs Mechanism Exist? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | What could this something be? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | What exactly is the predictive and explanatory power of the Higgs mechanism? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | What is a law of nature? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | Where, if not from L′GSW and the supposed spontaneous breaking of a gauge symmetry, does the structure of L′′′GSW arise from? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | Why does the Higgs field occur in nature together — in one package, so to speak — with the other particles of the GSW theory? |
| work_cajnltmeljge5db25vy6jo6j4e | gauge invariant) structure of the world corresponding to the gauge theory presented in the Higgs mechanism? |
| work_ewuoprvborejjheg6xklspkdri | But what makes something concrete? |
| work_ewuoprvborejjheg6xklspkdri | But why not say, fol- lowing Kripke, that they are nondescriptional general terms? |
| work_ewuoprvborejjheg6xklspkdri | Cook, Monte( 1980), ‘ ‘ If ‘ Cat ’ is a Rigid Designator, What Does it Designate? ’ ’, Philo- sophical Studies 37: 61–64. |
| work_ewuoprvborejjheg6xklspkdri | How would biologists treat a case of the re- appearance of a genotype? |
| work_ewuoprvborejjheg6xklspkdri | How, then, do 4D species change? |
| work_ewuoprvborejjheg6xklspkdri | Hull, David( 1976), ‘ ‘ Are Species Really Individuals? ’ ’, Systematic Zoology 25: 174–191. |
| work_ewuoprvborejjheg6xklspkdri | If species are individuals, how can the organisms, as opposed to the other parts of a species, be in some way privileged parts? |
| work_ewuoprvborejjheg6xklspkdri | If species are persisting objects, in what manner do they persist through time? |
| work_ewuoprvborejjheg6xklspkdri | Ruse, Michael([ 1987] 1992), ‘ ‘ Biological Species: Natural Kinds, Individuals, or What? ’ ’, in Ereshefshy 1992, 344–361. |
| work_ewuoprvborejjheg6xklspkdri | Since the set exists, why deny that species are sets? |
| work_ewuoprvborejjheg6xklspkdri | Which, if either, is my body? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | ( 1987) Are there quantum jumps?, in: J.S. |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | At what stage of the measure- ment process does the collapse take place( trigger problem)? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | But if P, Rin � … � Rin does not represent the state of affairs of all marbles being in the box, what then does it represent? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | But is n’t location, as construed by the fuzzy link, just like the number of grains in a heap? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | But what are the physical properties of a system in such a state? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | But what is this number? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | But what then does? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | Can we continue to take the theory seriously just because there is a mechanism that suppresses the manifestations of the anomaly? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | Does n’t it represent the state of affairs of all marbles being in the box just as well? ”, one might now ask. |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | Does that mean that the clouds over GRW have been blown away and the sky is clear again? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | Does this give rise to a revision of the anomaly? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | Facing the consequences Where does this leave us? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | How close to zero need be in order to have a localized state? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | How does this bear on the marbles? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | What defines a measurement? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | What is the probability p of it being true that the marble is in the box? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | Where does all that leave us? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | Why not adopt the same attitude towards properties in FQM? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | Why should the properties of a system depend on actions of observers or, even worse, on their minds in the first place? |
| work_bqr2wxuxgndcxlseysnravhhxu | “ But what about P, Rin � … � Rin? |
| work_g3ylzantznbhthtztwy3iwodvi | But what exactly is the badness here? |
| work_g3ylzantznbhthtztwy3iwodvi | How do we estimate the probability of some evidence conditional on the truth of a hypothesis which we can not actually specify? |
| work_g3ylzantznbhthtztwy3iwodvi | How might this prob- lem manifest? |
| work_g3ylzantznbhthtztwy3iwodvi | data for t< t∗, help in calibrating L? |
| work_g3ylzantznbhthtztwy3iwodvi | ‘ An Ad Hoc Save of a Theory of Adhocness? |
| work_g3ylzantznbhthtztwy3iwodvi | ‘ Should We Believe Model Predictions of Future Climate Change? ’ Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 366, 4647 – 4664. |
| work_g3ylzantznbhthtztwy3iwodvi | ‘ Uncertainty, Complexity and Concepts of Good Science in Climate Change Mod- elling: Are GCMs the Best Tools? ’ Climatic Change 38, 159–205. |
| work_fq42mejtqneshpigekqblyg74e | Bayes or Bust? |
| work_fq42mejtqneshpigekqblyg74e | But why are we actually testing a precise null hypothesis if we know in advance that this hypothesis is, in practice, never exactly true? |
| work_fq42mejtqneshpigekqblyg74e | Second, which implications does Lindley ’s Paradox have for the methodological debates between Bayesians and frequentists? |
| work_fq42mejtqneshpigekqblyg74e | Third, does our analysis have ramifications for the interpretation of point null hypothe- sis tests? |
| work_fq42mejtqneshpigekqblyg74e | Why even consider a precise hypothe- sis if it is known to be wrong? |
| work_fq42mejtqneshpigekqblyg74e | Why is it that this result diverges so remarkably from the frequentist finding of significant evidence against the null? |
| work_fq42mejtqneshpigekqblyg74e | Why is this the case? |
| work_fq42mejtqneshpigekqblyg74e | Why should we bother testing a hypothesis if only posterior probabilities are relevant? |
| work_gmxk5xdl25hz5gkowey3evndhi | And why, in particular, should it be accompanied by that experience, with its characteristic rich tone and timbre? |
| work_gmxk5xdl25hz5gkowey3evndhi | But why should this be accompanied by an experience? |
| work_gmxk5xdl25hz5gkowey3evndhi | How is this asso- ciation is accomplished? |
| work_gmxk5xdl25hz5gkowey3evndhi | Is Being- Conscious- of a Physical Relation? |
| work_gmxk5xdl25hz5gkowey3evndhi | Lycan, William( 1990),"What is the"Subjectivity"of the Mental? |
| work_gogl5p5z7nbznki7fsd64q55zq | How Many Explananda? |
| work_gogl5p5z7nbznki7fsd64q55zq | How much did each subgroup in isolation cause the pharaoh to be annoyed, and how much did the group as a whole? |
| work_gogl5p5z7nbznki7fsd64q55zq | Reconciliation? |
| work_gogl5p5z7nbznki7fsd64q55zq | WALSH ON CAUSES AND EVOLUTION 465 pression of the purely statistical relation between population size and variance? |
| work_gogl5p5z7nbznki7fsd64q55zq | What can we say about the relation between these subgroups ’ means Xi and the total group ’s mean X? |
| work_gogl5p5z7nbznki7fsd64q55zq | What now can we say about the relation between the subgroups ’ Yi and the overall group ’s Y? |
| work_gogl5p5z7nbznki7fsd64q55zq | “ Are Random Drift and Natural Selection Conceptually Distinct? ” Biology and Philosophy 17:33–53. |
| work_hsv6qgkrebhjbprezvwdxja4ye | Aligning Multiple Research Techniques in Cognitive Neuroscience: Why Is It Important? |
| work_hsv6qgkrebhjbprezvwdxja4ye | Independent Epistemic Support or Complementation? |
| work_hgq52iwbgvcmnl4fxxvnwjtge4 | 5 Non- genuine or non- unique? |
| work_hgq52iwbgvcmnl4fxxvnwjtge4 | What Can We Learn about the Ontology of Space and Time from the Theory of Relativity?, 2000. |
| work_hgq52iwbgvcmnl4fxxvnwjtge4 | What Was Einsteins Principle of Equivalence? |
| work_b6v6tlkl5fds3pxew7omx6fxju | 5 Superluminal Objects and Motion So what should we say about objects like FastThread? |
| work_b6v6tlkl5fds3pxew7omx6fxju | Does Rectangle violate the speed constraint? |
| work_b6v6tlkl5fds3pxew7omx6fxju | How else might the defender of( DFIC) respond to the difficulties raised by considering objects like Rectangle? |
| work_b6v6tlkl5fds3pxew7omx6fxju | Is there a single object that contains as parts the table at 1 pm and the table at 2 pm? |
| work_b6v6tlkl5fds3pxew7omx6fxju | More formally: what are the necessary and jointly sufficient conditions for a plurality of objects to compose a further object? |
| work_b6v6tlkl5fds3pxew7omx6fxju | Restricted Diachronic Composition and Special Relativity Stephan Torre Abstract When do objects at different times compose a further object? |
| work_b6v6tlkl5fds3pxew7omx6fxju | What exactly is immanent causation? |
| work_b6v6tlkl5fds3pxew7omx6fxju | What is it for an object to be in motion relative to a given inertial frame? |
| work_b6v6tlkl5fds3pxew7omx6fxju | What relations between the parts of an object are sufficient for them to compose an object in motion? |
| work_b6v6tlkl5fds3pxew7omx6fxju | What should we say about Rectangle and its real world, three- dimensional counterparts? |
| work_dotamwforvgo3dp3hiicqiwvya | ( Marinoff 1994:22) But does distinguishing these several problems really get to grips with Bertrand ’s broader challenge? |
| work_dotamwforvgo3dp3hiicqiwvya | But what will he say about van Frassen ’s final sentence? |
| work_dotamwforvgo3dp3hiicqiwvya | Is it supposed to suffice metaphysically, or epistemically? |
| work_dotamwforvgo3dp3hiicqiwvya | Q2 … outside the circle? |
| work_dotamwforvgo3dp3hiicqiwvya | Q3 … inside the circle? |
| work_dotamwforvgo3dp3hiicqiwvya | What is Marinoff ’s argument? |
| work_dotamwforvgo3dp3hiicqiwvya | What is the probability that it would be smaller than the side of the inscribed equilateral triangle? |
| work_dotamwforvgo3dp3hiicqiwvya | What should we make of this? |
| work_dotamwforvgo3dp3hiicqiwvya | Why is measuring a subset adequate? |
| work_dotamwforvgo3dp3hiicqiwvya | Why? |
| work_e2hq7p5fa5byjenvlxwdbkwxta | Is there a valid experimental argument for scientific realism? |
| work_e2hq7p5fa5byjenvlxwdbkwxta | Lorentz invariance and quantum gravity: an additional fine- tuning problem? |
| work_e2hq7p5fa5byjenvlxwdbkwxta | What does it say the world is like? |
| work_e2hq7p5fa5byjenvlxwdbkwxta | What is Quantum Field Theory? |
| work_e2hq7p5fa5byjenvlxwdbkwxta | What is quantum field theory, and what did we think it was? |
| work_e2hq7p5fa5byjenvlxwdbkwxta | What philosophical payoffs can EFTs offer to justify these required departures from prevailing interpretational practice? |
| work_g757evi44fairadglsw2ojf4xi | But has physics always been sparing in the use of such relations? |
| work_g757evi44fairadglsw2ojf4xi | Could there really be objects which are exactly like one another, except that one is observable and the other not? |
| work_g757evi44fairadglsw2ojf4xi | Eliminating Forces? |
| work_g757evi44fairadglsw2ojf4xi | Finally, what of the suggestion that Hertz and Mach are involved in a common programme, for the elimination of force from physics? |
| work_g757evi44fairadglsw2ojf4xi | Now if we place these conceptions before unprejudiced persons, who will believe us? |
| work_g757evi44fairadglsw2ojf4xi | Whom shall we convince that we are speaking of actual things, not images of a riotous imagination? |
| work_hkomcjfmlbe25os3z7e7rpt53i | ''From the Phenomena of Motions to the Forces of Nature'': Hypothesis or Deduction? |
| work_hkomcjfmlbe25os3z7e7rpt53i | 2 Measuring Causal Parameters Is this all that we can expect to gain from empirical data? |
| work_hkomcjfmlbe25os3z7e7rpt53i | What are we entitled to infer about the selected model? |
| work_ftxcr4leezfmtmjudk2sxht2bq | ( 2003), “ Why Likelihood? ”, in M. Taper and S. Lee( eds. |
| work_ftxcr4leezfmtmjudk2sxht2bq | Does frequentism have instrumentalist commitments? |
| work_ftxcr4leezfmtmjudk2sxht2bq | Does science, like poetry, demand the willing suspension of disbelief? |
| work_ftxcr4leezfmtmjudk2sxht2bq | Given the data at hand, how is one to estimate how well a model will do in predicting new data — data that one does not yet have? |
| work_ftxcr4leezfmtmjudk2sxht2bq | How is one to determine whether L[(HC)G& Model-1] fits the data significantly better than L[H(CG)& Model-1]? |
| work_ftxcr4leezfmtmjudk2sxht2bq | If models are disjunctive in this way, how can they be used to make predictions? |
| work_ftxcr4leezfmtmjudk2sxht2bq | In this case, what is one to do? |
| work_ftxcr4leezfmtmjudk2sxht2bq | This raises two questions: Is the frequentist approach sound? |
| work_ftxcr4leezfmtmjudk2sxht2bq | With the demise of positivism and the ascendancy of realism, why even consider instrumentalism? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | 2.3 Is the proposed''new''rule really novel? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | 3 Arethese three answers good ones, however? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | 4.2 When does the Standard Formulation work? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | 50( 1999), 665- 695 What Are Conditional Probabilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | 681 two- headed coin on the saucer is 1 · How should this probability be modified just after his eyes idcntify a head? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | And if that is so too, how is the updating to be effected? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | How often does the green light come on? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | If so, has enough information been provided to allow a rcliable revision? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | In how many of those cases is X true? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | P(X is true& light is green)/? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | Reliability is( perhaps?) |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | Should the probability that the family has two boys now he updated? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Condirional Probabilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Conditiona/ Prohabilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Conditional Probabilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Conditional Probabilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Conditional Probabilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Conditional Probabilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Conditional Probabilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Conditional Probahilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Conditional Prohabilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Conditional Prohabilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Conditional Prohabilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Conditional Prohabilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Conditional Prohahilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Conditional Prohahilities Conditional Upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What Are Cunditional Prohabilities Conditional Upun? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What are conditional probabilities conditional upon? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What should Mary do? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | What updated probability should he then assign to there being two boys in the family''? |
| work_56ecc6wikzhz7ng4ohvu27ld3i | and if so, how? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | 540- 557 Copyright? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | Are There Epistemically Basic Uncertain Beliefs? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | But is giving such a full account impossible? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | But what would that other proposition be? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | By what mechanism does the mediation take place? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | Does Holism Preclude Constructing an Adequate Account? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | For what exactly is the above- mentioned propo- sition"that the cloth looks a certain way"? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | In particular, we might ask two ques- tions:( 1) In what sense is separating the experiential and logical elements of knowledge impossible? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | Now how is all this relevant to the project of solving our present prob- lem, which is supposed to infect the liberal learning- model? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | What Might a Holist Formal Epistemology Look Like? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | What should the agent''s postexperience probability for G be? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | Where does all of this leave Bayesian epistemology? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | Why Worry about Background Beliefs? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | Why should the power of traditional anti- certainty arguments be of any concern in solving the problem we found in the liberal model of learning? |
| work_by7cq5kzt5h4bokktu4f2fjmje | and( 2) In what sense do these elements need to be separated in order to give a full account of the cognitive or logical aspects of learning? |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | But what is immaturity? |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | Does the account developed here therefore suggest that the cognitive and social sciences are irrational? |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | For example the Journal of Clinical Psychology article “ Psychology Defined ” asks: What is psychology? |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | Is Water H2O? |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | Is it a single, coherent scientific discipline awaiting transformation from the current preparadigmatic state into a more mature unified one? |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | Or, is it a heterogeneous federation of subdisciplines that will ultimately fragment into a multitude of smaller, more specialized fields? |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | What 14 more does Shapere give us? |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | What about instances where use of unification has proved successful? |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | What does it mean for beliefs to “ prove themselves ”? |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | What is Cognitive Science? |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | Why do we need an account of immaturity? |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | “ Can this Marriage be Saved? ” American Psychologist 47( 8): 1055 – 1057. |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | “ Disunity in Psychology: Chaos or Speciation? ” American Psychologist 47( 8): 1054. |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | “ Is Unified Positivism the Answer to Psychology ’s Disunity? ” American Psychologist 47( 8): 1057–1058. |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | “ Is a Scientific Revolution Taking Place in Psychology? ” Science Studies, 1( 2): 135–155. |
| work_dendr6xrvfcy3biyruxb3mmeam | “ The Units of Unification: Theories or Propositions? ” American Psychologist 47( 8): 1058–1059. |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | ?? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | A • � � � � � � � � � � � � �? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | B •@@@@@@@@ •C � �~~~~~~~~ • D( a) I1 � �? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | But why should supervenience confer this right on M? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | Tailored to this context, the interventionist exclusion argument runs as follows: 9 mental M? |
| work_7ohadlp2ljda3cwsbtl4wryf6u | the variables in V that are not located 7 A • � � � � � � � � � � � � �? |
| work_gr5wpv2j4vashiwpzvtgl5eoji | ( 1999)"Bargaining with Neighbors: Is Justice Contagious?" |
| work_gr5wpv2j4vashiwpzvtgl5eoji | ( forthcoming)"When Evolutionary Game Theory Explains Morality, What Does it Explain?" |
| work_gr5wpv2j4vashiwpzvtgl5eoji | 30 Schlag, K.( 1998)"Why imitate, and if so how? |
| work_gr5wpv2j4vashiwpzvtgl5eoji | Correlation Structure Is model 2 robust against arbitrary changes in the correlation structure? |
| work_gr5wpv2j4vashiwpzvtgl5eoji | That is to say, are dynamical systems close to the one in question( in a sense to be made 2 precise) topologically equivalent to that system? |
| work_gr5wpv2j4vashiwpzvtgl5eoji | What about model 2? |
| work_gr5wpv2j4vashiwpzvtgl5eoji | What happens to it if we add a small amount of positive correlation? |
| work_hsbk45jamzbzxgeq2moket5pcu | Convicted? |
| work_hsbk45jamzbzxgeq2moket5pcu | Does the abundance of different neurotransmitters used by the brain matter to men- tal computation? |
| work_hsbk45jamzbzxgeq2moket5pcu | 438 How do hormones affect neuronal firing? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | ( and what is this opposite? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | And how does this specificity affect and make possible the technical aspects of mathematics? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | But should we a priori close this way? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | But what structural position allows a surfeit signifier to restore such relations? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | Can the unknown exceed any system? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | In other words, how are the workings of Derrida ’s ‘ secrecy ’ different in mathematics than in other do- mains? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | Indeed why should they? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | Indeed, if this were n’t our practice, how would our students ever get to actually practicing mathematics? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | Indeed, what does x stand for? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | More modestly put, what can a hypothesis of such universal excess tell us about the algebraic unknown? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | Or am I demonstrating my capacity to do mathematics? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | Or am I demonstrating that working with algebraic unknowns is possible in general as a way of solving problems? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | Or am I presenting an example of a general technique of solution? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | Or should we regard the multifarious unknown, witnessed above, as an expression of the opposite of closure? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | Should we confine ourselves to a metaphysical assumption of totality? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | This interpretation obviously raises the question, which given set? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | This non- rigorous notation( when exactly does divergence become ob- vious?) |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | What would lie beyond the limit of objectivation? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | When I solve an exercise, am I necessarily solving this exercise? |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | dis- closure?) |
| work_a3aq5drivjaltki2fws2kopgru | openness? |
| work_ht64r7qpzvgvbcihxphbmknp6q | Does recognition actually transform reconstructed corporeal ideas into memories in some genuine way? |
| work_ht64r7qpzvgvbcihxphbmknp6q | Does reconstruction suffice for memory, or is something more needed? |
| work_ht64r7qpzvgvbcihxphbmknp6q | So what are the traces of intellectual ideas which Descartes told Mersenne and Mesland exist in the mind? |
| work_giazn5ccqjhgxn4hax2kexazqi | 5 to themselves, behave TD- like? |
| work_giazn5ccqjhgxn4hax2kexazqi | But why study pertur- bations? |
| work_giazn5ccqjhgxn4hax2kexazqi | Is it even desirable to proof a more general version of Premise 2? |
| work_giazn5ccqjhgxn4hax2kexazqi | What evidence is there to support this claim? |
| work_giazn5ccqjhgxn4hax2kexazqi | What is this property? |
| work_giazn5ccqjhgxn4hax2kexazqi | Why not just study the Lennard- Jones potential itself? |
| work_giazn5ccqjhgxn4hax2kexazqi | “ What Are the New Implications of Chaos for Unpredictabil- ity? ” The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 60:195–220. |
| work_euyib4tjvjeynbxryktgjm7tja | ( 1985),"Are Probabilism and Special Relativity Incompatible? |
| work_euyib4tjvjeynbxryktgjm7tja | 631- 639] Are Probabilism and Special Relativity Compatible? |
| work_euyib4tjvjeynbxryktgjm7tja | 640 ARE PROBABILISM AND SPECIAL RELATIVITY COMPATIBLE? |
| work_euyib4tjvjeynbxryktgjm7tja | 659- 664] Front Matter Is Essentialism Unscientific? |
| work_euyib4tjvjeynbxryktgjm7tja | ARE PROBABILISM AND SPECIAL RELATIVITY COMPATIBLE? |
| work_euyib4tjvjeynbxryktgjm7tja | ARE PROBABILISM AND SPECIAL RELATIVITY COMPATIBLE? |
| work_euyib4tjvjeynbxryktgjm7tja | Are Probabilism and Special Relativity Compatible? |
| work_euyib4tjvjeynbxryktgjm7tja | But is this discovery genuine? |
| work_euyib4tjvjeynbxryktgjm7tja | Is the incompatibility thesis correct? |
| work_euyib4tjvjeynbxryktgjm7tja | Maxwell, N.( 1968),"Can there be Necessary Connections between Successive Events? |
| work_i37yxc3tijdzbndbb6t7zbew2u | Korbmacher, J. and Schiemer, G.[ 2017]: ‘ What Are Structural Properties? ’, Philosophia Mathematica, doi: 10.1093/ philmat/ nkx011. |
| work_i37yxc3tijdzbndbb6t7zbew2u | The question is: what ’s the right kind of property to extend? |
| work_hqu6glwtwrhcnok6r6hj5va2jm | Domain For Sale Buy Now or make an offer What Are the Advantages of a Super Premium.Com Domain? |
| work_hqu6glwtwrhcnok6r6hj5va2jm | How about searching for one instead? |
| work_hqu6glwtwrhcnok6r6hj5va2jm | Read the Guide Why Purchase? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | Did he endorse T- Relationism or Relativism? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | Do these masses accelerate? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | How might we establish that? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | Maybe Pardies too? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | So far Huygens has answered a conceptual question: What is an inertial frame? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | The puzzle is, exactly in what respect did he change his mind? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | Then what makes rotation in this sense a type of motion? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | This problem has an empirical correlate: Do any exist? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | Wallis, perhaps? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | What makes it motion? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | With the four views above as backdrop, we must ask, what is the real content of his claim? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | ð1.bÞ In vain does one ask what this true motion is — for what good is it? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | ð8.aÞ But can two bodies, whose mutual distance stays the same, move rel- ative to each other? |
| work_ejw2rd4beng2bkx5cbtill2ouq | “ How are the stars any more at rest than some comet traversing the skies in a straight line ðas Kepler showsÞ? |
| work_ial64ahby5alzdhkcuki2q7bom | Is a Little Pollution Good for You? |
| work_ial64ahby5alzdhkcuki2q7bom | Science in the private interest: Has the lure of profits corrupted medical research? |
| work_gbwaz3lvyvc3hja3wv2qc5i3cu | Are There Teleological Functions to Compute? |
| work_gbwaz3lvyvc3hja3wv2qc5i3cu | Can they � t together? |
| work_gbwaz3lvyvc3hja3wv2qc5i3cu | How then can there be teleological functions to manipulate medium- independent vehicles, that is, to compute? |
| work_gbwaz3lvyvc3hja3wv2qc5i3cu | In particular, can medium- independent individuation and teleology work to- gether? |
| work_gbwaz3lvyvc3hja3wv2qc5i3cu | to manipulate vehicles individuated in medium- independent terms? |
| work_gbwaz3lvyvc3hja3wv2qc5i3cu | � Are More Details Better? |
| work_gbwaz3lvyvc3hja3wv2qc5i3cu | � Does a rock implement every � nite- state automaton? � Synthese 108: 309 � 33. |
| work_gbwaz3lvyvc3hja3wv2qc5i3cu | � In What Sense Does the Brain Compute? � In Computing and Philosophy, edited by Vincent C. Müller, Vol. |
| work_gbwaz3lvyvc3hja3wv2qc5i3cu | � What is a Mechanism? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | ), What? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | 215- 226] Is Mathematical Competence Innate? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | 304- 320 Copyright? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | But are causal processes and interactions really the only explanatory resources available on Salmon''s view? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | Does Salmon''s theory do any better? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | How would Salmon''s theory handle this example? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | This is a genuine causal interaction, so what would justify our rejection of it as irrelevant? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | What is it to show how an explanandum fits into a causal nexus? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | What makes this a causal pro- cess rather than a pseudoprocess? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | What, then, is left to do the explaining? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | When? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | Where, in any of this, are we to find the desired relations of explanatory relevance? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | Where? |
| work_e3twdlblx5bzblmtgq2cke52bm | Why? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | 17 such connection, then what is the reason for positing such a direction in the first place? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | And how is this direction relevant to explanation? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | But what exactly does the direction of time add to the way in which earlier states determine later states? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | But what exactly is the nature of this direction such that it has this relevance for explanation? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | But what explains this time- asymmetric distribution of matter? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | But what explains this time- asymmetric distribution of matter? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | But what then can an intrinsic direction of time add to our understanding of Thermodynamics? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | How important is it that an explanation of the thermodynamic asymmetry answers the time bias question? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | How is it supposed to explain the phenomena better? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | How then can the determination between earlier states and later states be analogous to grounding? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | What is a Law of Nature? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | Why are microstates, except at the initial time, always atypical with respect to backward temporal evolution? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | Why is entropy- increase typical with respect to the future but not with respect to the past? |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | “ Can Conditioning on the “ Past Hypothesis ” Militate Against the Reversibility Objections?. ” Philosophy of Science 71:489–504. |
| work_d6cor2qxgjdenaogeczqiyhc5y | “ What could be Objective about Probabilities?. ” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B 38:275–291. |
| work_gwihthidwnczrcgs7gbzznf7vq | : Science – Reconciliation of Science and Humanities or the End of Philosophy? |
| work_gwihthidwnczrcgs7gbzznf7vq | A typical meta- reader of today asks himself: Who cares now about the development of the notion of transference in the Lacanian system of thought? |
| work_gwihthidwnczrcgs7gbzznf7vq | Volume One, 11Number One – Why Žižek? |
| work_gwihthidwnczrcgs7gbzznf7vq | What are the consequences of all this in ethics and aesthetics? |
| work_gwihthidwnczrcgs7gbzznf7vq | Who cares about its Freudian legacy? |
| work_gwihthidwnczrcgs7gbzznf7vq | Who cares about the problem of transference connected to the relational self in the context of an interpersonal cognitive theory13? |
| work_hagxrj5kmrdfzhj3gsnrjocidi | 503- 528 Copyright? |
| work_hagxrj5kmrdfzhj3gsnrjocidi | Hirshliefer, J. and J. C. Martinez Coll( 1988),"What Strategies can Support the Evolu- tionary Emergence of Cooperation? |
| work_hagxrj5kmrdfzhj3gsnrjocidi | How should we formulate such a general theory? |
| work_hagxrj5kmrdfzhj3gsnrjocidi | What are the relevant notions of equilibrium and stable equilibrium for pure strategies in correlated evolutionary game theory? |
| work_hagxrj5kmrdfzhj3gsnrjocidi | Why could not some com- monly known correlation exist between the individual players''random- izing devices? |
| work_fxcw6o4wrnepzfm3fc3aujxuy4 | Is Science Value Free? |
| work_fxcw6o4wrnepzfm3fc3aujxuy4 | Value- Free Science? |
| work_fxcw6o4wrnepzfm3fc3aujxuy4 | “ Explaining Economic Crises: Are There Collective Representations? ” Episteme 7( 3): 266–83. |
| work_fxcw6o4wrnepzfm3fc3aujxuy4 | “ Group Deliberation, Social Cohesion, and Scientific Teamwork: Is There Room for Dissent? ” Episteme 3( 1–2): 37–51. |
| work_fxcw6o4wrnepzfm3fc3aujxuy4 | “ In What Sense Is Scientific Knowledge Collective Knowledge? ” Phi- losophy of the Social Sciences 44( 4): 407–23. |
| work_fxcw6o4wrnepzfm3fc3aujxuy4 | “ Is There Collective Scientific Knowledge? |
| work_fxcw6o4wrnepzfm3fc3aujxuy4 | “ What Is in It for Me? |
| work_fxcw6o4wrnepzfm3fc3aujxuy4 | “ Who Has Scientific Knowledge? ” Social Epistemology 21( 3): 337–47. |
| work_i2abvyufsbbyhho3lmnzgfmsp4 | And why privilege iconic representations over predominantly indexical or symbolic ones? |
| work_i2abvyufsbbyhho3lmnzgfmsp4 | How do iconic representations work? |
| work_i2abvyufsbbyhho3lmnzgfmsp4 | What is about rep- resentational models that makes it possible to use them in this way? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | 22 3.2 Hopes and troubles for the nominalist So, what are the nominalist resources to deal with this example? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | 24 Hence, the question now is what is the nominalistic account of the explanandum? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | 3.3 New hopes? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | But why do realists need a new version of the traditional IA? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | Does the nominalist have the resources to identify such a common unifying factor? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | First, how do mathematical entities enter the picture? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | How does the nominalist show that this conditional statement( ‘ If( a),( b),( c), then one crate wins overwhelmingly often ’) holds? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | Is this a mere accident, they wonder, or a fact that can be explained? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | More precisely, the question is why does he list only these three conditions? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | Or, equivalently, that these three conditions are sufficient to derive the con- sequent? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | So, in what respect are the two rearrange- ments the same? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | What do the two rearrangements have in common? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | What is the outcome of the Game? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | Why is n’t such a condition explanatory, like the previous three? |
| work_dl7w5ygjdnevtmrrd73xgd5n7q | [ 2005]: ‘ Are There Genuine Mathematical Explanations of Physical Phenomena? ’ Mind, 114, pp. |
| work_i3u3obzw7fec7k6ij5tn4jirpu | But what does the demand for precautionary policy imply for environ- 882 JAN SPRENGER mental science? |
| work_i3u3obzw7fec7k6ij5tn4jirpu | But what exactly does the principle state? |
| work_i3u3obzw7fec7k6ij5tn4jirpu | http://www.unep.org/Documents.multilingual/Default.asp? DocumentID=78&ArticleID=1163. |
| work_i3u3obzw7fec7k6ij5tn4jirpu | “ The Precautionary Principle: A New Approach to Public Decision- Making? ” Law, Probability and Risk 5:19–31. |
| work_hftoqalofjfalky6zans7tirma | ( b) Does a persisting object have temporal parts? |
| work_hftoqalofjfalky6zans7tirma | But what about persisting objects? |
| work_hftoqalofjfalky6zans7tirma | Do Quantum Objects Have Temporal Parts? |
| work_hftoqalofjfalky6zans7tirma | Does quantum theory kill time? |
| work_hftoqalofjfalky6zans7tirma | How might the perdurantist respond? |
| work_hftoqalofjfalky6zans7tirma | Namely, how can it be said that one and the same physical object persists through time while changing over time? |
| work_hftoqalofjfalky6zans7tirma | Note that these three views are thus completely differentiated by their answers to two questions:( a) Is a persisting object a single individual? |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | And how persistent are these parts? |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | Are Whittaker ’s ‘ Gradient Analysis ’ Curves Reliable Evidence of Continuity in Vegetation? ” Preslia 76( 3): 245–53. |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | But what are the criteria that an assem- blage needs to fulfill to be an individual? |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | How similar are the parts that achieve a robust effect? |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | Or to say it in another way, are these features machine robust or ensemble robust? |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | So what determines the starting set of popula- tions? |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | We can ask, how much redundancy is in the system? |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | What Is Biodiversity? |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | “ Are Species Really Individuals? ” Systematic Biology 25( 2): 174–91. |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | “ Are There General Laws in Ecology? ” Oikos 84( 2): 177. |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | “ Communities as Assembled Structures: Do Rules Govern Pattern? ” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 5( 5): 159–64. |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | “ Ecology or Mythology? |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | “ Is Aldo Leopold ’s ‘ Land Community ’ an Individual? ” In Individuation across Experimental and Theoretical Sciences, ed. |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | “ What If Ecological Communities Are Not Wholes? ” In The Environment: Philosophy, Science, and Ethics, ed. |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | “ What Is Conservation Biology? |
| work_efp64hdmrvftjgyzqo4mt7ib3e | “ Whose Boundary? |
| work_ftov44slgbbr3d4piixhr3h7dq | 1 Introduction What makes a semantics compositional? |
| work_ftov44slgbbr3d4piixhr3h7dq | 11 What about compositionality? |
| work_ftov44slgbbr3d4piixhr3h7dq | How can this explanation be modified to account for the semantic function of postulates? |
| work_ftov44slgbbr3d4piixhr3h7dq | How does a scientific language differ from ordinary language? |
| work_ftov44slgbbr3d4piixhr3h7dq | In what sense is the present semantics of theoretical terms and sentences a holistic one? |
| work_ftov44slgbbr3d4piixhr3h7dq | Is Compositionality Compatible with Meaning Holism? |
| work_ftov44slgbbr3d4piixhr3h7dq | Is there a unique meaning to the notion of congruence of temporal intervals? |
| work_ftov44slgbbr3d4piixhr3h7dq | Should we therefore dismiss model- theoretic semantics for the analysis of scientific language outright? |
| work_ftov44slgbbr3d4piixhr3h7dq | The question we are con- cerned with in this section is, what kind of model- theoretic notation is capable of translating Frege ’s assertion sign? |
| work_ftov44slgbbr3d4piixhr3h7dq | These notions are taken synonymously here.8 10 Conclusion Is meaning compositional in scientific language? |
| work_ftov44slgbbr3d4piixhr3h7dq | To whom shall we attribute relative holism? |
| work_ftov44slgbbr3d4piixhr3h7dq | What makes a semantics holistic? |
| work_hzebdb5bhjh45m3uabrz26qhna | Can the philosophy of science offer machine learning any further insights concerning Bayesian networks? |
| work_hzebdb5bhjh45m3uabrz26qhna | Introduction How is machine learning related to the philosophy of science? |
| work_hzebdb5bhjh45m3uabrz26qhna | So what explains the success of Bayesian networks? |
| work_hzebdb5bhjh45m3uabrz26qhna | and Turner, S.( 1997), Causality in Crisis? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | How exactly does the pathway concept figure in these explanations? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | If additional factors beyond metabolites are explanatorily relevant to glycolysis on what grounds are they selected as causes of this process? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | If these accounts are correct why do we view these practices as guided by more than mere personal preferences? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | What about background factors which are not selected? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | What causes are selected in explanations of metabolic processes and what rationale, if any, guides their selection? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | What do I mean by a fixed order? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | What does it mean to say that a factor has causal control? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | What does this analysis say about the distinction between these factors and the selected causes? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | What explains the rate at which a metabolic process manufactures some final product? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | What was classical genetics? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | Why are n’t these factors typically cited as important causes of these processes? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | Why do we often select DNA as the cause of biological phenomena without acknowledging the role of other causal factors? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | Why do we say the car crash was caused by the drunk driver and not the ice on the road or the speed of the car? |
| work_f275p5ztnnadblu5himk6uy3oi | Why is this? |
| work_jaqiwcysdbapxczeunovkqh3h4 | Maybe these links could help you? |
| work_j4yiujwba5dkxccl7wb2a4zkgm | How does molecular structure arise in quantum chemistry? |
| work_j4yiujwba5dkxccl7wb2a4zkgm | Introduction How are physics and chemistry related? |
| work_esc7k47pjvhqlpoviul36yfdlm | Bar- Hillel, Maya, and Avishai Margalit( 1988), “ How Vicious Are Cycles of Intransitive Choice? ”, Theory and Decision 24: 119–145. |
| work_esc7k47pjvhqlpoviul36yfdlm | But how is rational comparison between theories or be- tween propositions possible if all that is true? |
| work_esc7k47pjvhqlpoviul36yfdlm | Lacey, Hugh( 1999), Is Science Value Free? |
| work_esc7k47pjvhqlpoviul36yfdlm | Laudan, Larry( 1987), “ Progress or Rationality? |
| work_esc7k47pjvhqlpoviul36yfdlm | Philips, Michael( 1989), “ Must Rational Preferences Be Transitive? ”, The Philosophical Quar- terly 39: 477–483. |
| work_esc7k47pjvhqlpoviul36yfdlm | Should I not say something about how a rational chooser ought to weigh the different criteria of theory choice? |
| work_esc7k47pjvhqlpoviul36yfdlm | Should one not take such differences into account? |
| work_esc7k47pjvhqlpoviul36yfdlm | What exactly does ’ nonlinearity ’ mean? |
| work_esc7k47pjvhqlpoviul36yfdlm | Which of the two theories should one accept? |
| work_esc7k47pjvhqlpoviul36yfdlm | Would transitivity of rational choice always hold under these conditions? |
| work_esc7k47pjvhqlpoviul36yfdlm | — — —( 1993), “ Can a Humean Be Moderate? ”, in Raymond Gillespie Frey and Christopher W. Morris( eds. |
| work_ibqdhdyxlbfhfctmepbzttunay | Exactly what counts as the presence of an apparatus capable of measuring the value of an observable? |
| work_ibqdhdyxlbfhfctmepbzttunay | On what quantum state should John base his credence as to the outcome of an external O- measurement? |
| work_ibqdhdyxlbfhfctmepbzttunay | What will Eugene find if he enters the laboratory after measuring the value of O in this way? |
| work_ibqdhdyxlbfhfctmepbzttunay | [ 11] Dick, Philip K.( 1968) Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? |
| work_ibqdhdyxlbfhfctmepbzttunay | [ 9] D’Espagnat, Bernard( 1990)"Toward a separable ’ empirical reality ’? |
| work_ffwfi2pndfdjdgljfqprxwvmyy | Are deterministic descriptions and indeterministic descriptions observationally equiv- alent? |
| work_ffwfi2pndfdjdgljfqprxwvmyy | Can somebody please say what Gibbsian statistical mechanics says? |
| work_ffwfi2pndfdjdgljfqprxwvmyy | Does an adequate physical theory demand a primitive ontology? |
| work_ffwfi2pndfdjdgljfqprxwvmyy | How does this theory provide truth conditions for the assignment of properties to ordi- nary macroscopic objects? |
| work_ffwfi2pndfdjdgljfqprxwvmyy | Is it problematic enough to consider alternative interpretations than those that presuppose a primitive ontology? |
| work_ffwfi2pndfdjdgljfqprxwvmyy | Many worlds? |
| work_ffwfi2pndfdjdgljfqprxwvmyy | The GRW flash theory: a relativistic quantum ontology of matter in space- time? |
| work_ffwfi2pndfdjdgljfqprxwvmyy | Trouble in paradise? |
| work_ffwfi2pndfdjdgljfqprxwvmyy | What could be objective about probabilities? |
| work_ffwfi2pndfdjdgljfqprxwvmyy | What if we take this idea as the source of the analogy instead? |
| work_ffwfi2pndfdjdgljfqprxwvmyy | What is orthodox quantum mechanics? |
| work_ffwfi2pndfdjdgljfqprxwvmyy | Why not ask, for example, which interpretations are committed to a primitive ontology and which are not? |
| work_di7tkw2bffgo3n2nr47imfcjf4 | ( 2) Laws- as sums: a set- theoretical reading? |
| work_di7tkw2bffgo3n2nr47imfcjf4 | 2008, “ Nailed to Hume''s Cross? ”, in J. Hawthorne, T. Sider and D. Zimmerman,( eds. |
| work_di7tkw2bffgo3n2nr47imfcjf4 | But what does “ determines ” mean here? |
| work_di7tkw2bffgo3n2nr47imfcjf4 | But what is this ‘ two- dimensional ’ talk I am referring to? |
| work_di7tkw2bffgo3n2nr47imfcjf4 | Does it need to be ‘ added ’ to the purely factual part of laws? |
| work_di7tkw2bffgo3n2nr47imfcjf4 | Hildebrand T. 2013, “ Can Primitive Laws Explain? ”, Philosophers ’ Imprint, 13, pp. |
| work_di7tkw2bffgo3n2nr47imfcjf4 | How are we to cope with this problem? |
| work_di7tkw2bffgo3n2nr47imfcjf4 | If laws are wholly primitive, on what basis can we explain why we have one rather that another? |
| work_di7tkw2bffgo3n2nr47imfcjf4 | Is that set finite or infinite? |
| work_di7tkw2bffgo3n2nr47imfcjf4 | Or are they something more, something that somehow governs or constrains those phenomena? |
| work_di7tkw2bffgo3n2nr47imfcjf4 | Was not the core of the Humean view of laws that these are literally nothing but facts? |
| work_di7tkw2bffgo3n2nr47imfcjf4 | What does all this show? |
| work_di7tkw2bffgo3n2nr47imfcjf4 | What would the notion of fact about the future exactly mean by a strictly Humean, descriptivist viewpoint? |
| work_ibxa5bvaqjcvxcmd3wr5fy4yae | And which is the relevant environment for evolutionary processes? |
| work_ibxa5bvaqjcvxcmd3wr5fy4yae | But is it legitimate? |
| work_ibxa5bvaqjcvxcmd3wr5fy4yae | But what does it mean for an environment to be heterogeneous or homogenous? |
| work_ibxa5bvaqjcvxcmd3wr5fy4yae | But which population concept? |
| work_ibxa5bvaqjcvxcmd3wr5fy4yae | Should we understand selection as ranging only over homogeneous environments or, alternatively, as ranging over any habitat area we choose to study? |
| work_j4ybcrbgtbe2jjj7hswncii7pi | How novel is this approach? |
| work_j4ybcrbgtbe2jjj7hswncii7pi | Theory- free science? |
| work_fv7b4kya5jcpnccvk4su6j5epe | 1038 Has Daltonian Atomism Provided Chemistry with Any Explanations? |
| work_fv7b4kya5jcpnccvk4su6j5epe | Can we say that Dalton painted the broad strokes of an explan- atory picture which in some shape or form is retained in twentieth century chemistry? |
| work_fv7b4kya5jcpnccvk4su6j5epe | Did Dalton respond to this challenge? |
| work_fv7b4kya5jcpnccvk4su6j5epe | How can a substance like caloric which was supposed to be light or even weightless be rigid? |
| work_fv7b4kya5jcpnccvk4su6j5epe | How reasonable a claim is this? |
| work_fv7b4kya5jcpnccvk4su6j5epe | Is this a reasonable assessment? |
| work_fv7b4kya5jcpnccvk4su6j5epe | Should n’t an atomic theory offer an atomic account of rigidity anyway? |
| work_fv7b4kya5jcpnccvk4su6j5epe | Why, then, have n’t they sepa- rated? |
| work_g6n73wjnivfx3di5ddwqelopp4 | Can the above results be generalized fur- ther? |
| work_g6n73wjnivfx3di5ddwqelopp4 | Does this mean that the Volterra Principle is questionable as well? |
| work_g6n73wjnivfx3di5ddwqelopp4 | If, however, no such explanation is to be had, what does this tell us? |
| work_g6n73wjnivfx3di5ddwqelopp4 | What about real coincidences? |
| work_g6n73wjnivfx3di5ddwqelopp4 | What if the generalization approach yields no result? |
| work_g6n73wjnivfx3di5ddwqelopp4 | “ Are We Still Babylonians? |
| work_g6n73wjnivfx3di5ddwqelopp4 | “ Modelling as Indirect Representation? |
| work_g6n73wjnivfx3di5ddwqelopp4 | “ What Are Mathematical Coincidences( and Why Does It Matter)? ” Mind 119:307–40. |
| work_h3v5gr4zrvbkdkiuupuuhcuehu | Did I tell you about my further hypothesis x? |
| work_h3v5gr4zrvbkdkiuupuuhcuehu | Dr. Cheap: How come? |
| work_h3v5gr4zrvbkdkiuupuuhcuehu | Dr. Cheap: How come? |
| work_h3v5gr4zrvbkdkiuupuuhcuehu | Guess what? |
| work_h3v5gr4zrvbkdkiuupuuhcuehu | Impressive, is n’t it? |
| work_h3v5gr4zrvbkdkiuupuuhcuehu | Impressive, is n’t it? |
| work_h3v5gr4zrvbkdkiuupuuhcuehu | Otherwise, what would be the specific relevance of x? |
| work_h3v5gr4zrvbkdkiuupuuhcuehu | Otherwise, what would be the specific relevance of x? |
| work_h3v5gr4zrvbkdkiuupuuhcuehu | Surely this must be because e is less unexpected assuming both h and x than assuming h alone, right? |
| work_h5kxlzrcdjde7dno7ge7v3snme | ( ii) Do these considerations show that Yablo ’s theory has an advantage over nominalist belief expressionism? |
| work_h5kxlzrcdjde7dno7ge7v3snme | 1 So why do our best scientific theories apparently refer to them? |
| work_h5kxlzrcdjde7dno7ge7v3snme | 17 What about those who have been corrupted by philosophical reflection? |
| work_h5kxlzrcdjde7dno7ge7v3snme | 19 5 Objections and replies 5.1 Yablo ’s likely response How would Yablo respond to belief expressionism? |
| work_h5kxlzrcdjde7dno7ge7v3snme | But why should Yablo deny that there are behavioural differences between autistic and non- autistic participants in mathematical discourse? |
| work_h5kxlzrcdjde7dno7ge7v3snme | Does ontology rest on a mistake? |
| work_h5kxlzrcdjde7dno7ge7v3snme | How would they reply? |
| work_h5kxlzrcdjde7dno7ge7v3snme | Or that the number of kangaroos is one just in case there is a kangaroo and no other kangaroos? |
| work_h5kxlzrcdjde7dno7ge7v3snme | Those corrupted by philosophical reflection aside, who would deny that the number of kangaroos is zero just in case there are no kangaroos? |
| work_h5kxlzrcdjde7dno7ge7v3snme | Two issues arise here:( i) Do these considerations refute nominalist belief expressionism? |
| work_h5kxlzrcdjde7dno7ge7v3snme | Why did an inquiry into physical objects end up mentioning 1.08x1012( a number)? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | ( Why do the spatial components of 4-velocities invert? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | 5 Summing up: What makes for a good time reversal transformation? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | But this raises a question: Why not invert the temporal orientation as well? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | During what time sequence should we compare an allowable process with its time reverse? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | First let us ask the obvious question: why should we care what the proper time reversal transformation is? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | How do we � gure out whether we needed some bit of structure, such as a temporal orientation structure? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | How then can we de � ne the time reversal invariance of a theory in terms of this( non- existent) � eld? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | How then do we get the 4-velocity of a particle at a time? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | I address a prior question: What is the proper notion of time reversal? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | I address a prior question: What is the proper notion of time reversal? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | If our theories are non- invariant under Galilean transformations, should we infer an “ abso- lute rest vector � eld ” on the spacetime? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | Should we posit a physical � eld corresponding to any noninvariance of a theory? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | What happens when we do this? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | What is a time reversal transfor- mation? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | What is the corresponding passive transformation? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | Which is the best theory, all things considered? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | Why does it matter? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | Why not assume the one the books do, and leave it at that? |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | “ Are Anti- Particles Just Particles Traveling Back in Time? ” Unpublished manuscript. |
| work_eaqzphtbf5hzlicyb2ugrd6ojm | “ Is Time ‘ Handed ’ in a Quantum World? ” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society pp. |
| work_gaunras6aravlnsozl6qkb3fgu | But are there any good metaphysical reasons for thinking the view should be generalized? |
| work_gaunras6aravlnsozl6qkb3fgu | For example, what, in the particle case discussed, can the manifestation of the field ’s stimulus property be if not the acceleration event itself? |
| work_gaunras6aravlnsozl6qkb3fgu | How is the nature of the stimulus condition for a particle ’s property of being charged to be explained? |
| work_gaunras6aravlnsozl6qkb3fgu | How, then, can the mutual manifestation relationships between dispositions be reflected in our graph- theoretic system? |
| work_gaunras6aravlnsozl6qkb3fgu | References ARMSTRONG, D. M.( 1983) What Is a Law of Nature? |
| work_gaunras6aravlnsozl6qkb3fgu | Should the allowance of groups of reciprocal dispositions containing an odd number of members be seen as an ad hoc or problematic modification? |
| work_gaunras6aravlnsozl6qkb3fgu | Should the possibility of these properties be seen as a problematic consequence of dispositional monism? |
| work_gaunras6aravlnsozl6qkb3fgu | TUGBY, M.( 2010) Simultaneity in dispositional interaction? |
| work_gaunras6aravlnsozl6qkb3fgu | What is it about a field which makes it the case that a charged particle accelerates when placed within it? |
| work_gaunras6aravlnsozl6qkb3fgu | What other event can the manifestation of the field ’s disposition be thought to consist in? |
| work_gaunras6aravlnsozl6qkb3fgu | Why, then, does Bird think that the notion of a stimulus property also has an important role to play? |
| work_gaunras6aravlnsozl6qkb3fgu | — — —( 2007b) The regress of pure powers? |
| work_htjrarqtwrhhli43piruq3e53m | If a theory is broadened and deepened, is it still the same theory? |
| work_htjrarqtwrhhli43piruq3e53m | Is coherence truth- conducive? |
| work_htjrarqtwrhhli43piruq3e53m | What about everyday life? |
| work_htjrarqtwrhhli43piruq3e53m | What is the problem of coherence and truth? |
| work_htjrarqtwrhhli43piruq3e53m | What is the relation between coherence and truth? |
| work_htjrarqtwrhhli43piruq3e53m | What kind of explanation is truth? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | ( 1987) ‘ What is bet- hedging? ’ Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology 4:182- 211. |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | But what if we relax this assumption? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | Can we apply the geometric mean principle and conclude that type A is fitter, so will dominate the population? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | Evolution of Irrationality? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | For example, will evolution produce creatures that obey expected utility maximisation? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | How can this be? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | How will it evolve? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | How will our population evolve? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | Should we then expect evolution to produce irrational behaviour? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | What about purely aggregate risk? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | What does happen when aggregate and idiosyncratic risk are combined? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | What has all this got to do with evolution? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | What sort of preferences would the human have? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | What then of the original question: will evolution tend to produce creatures that obey EU maximization? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | Which foraging strategy will be favoured by natural selection? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | Will evolution favour risky or safe strategies? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | Would those preferences have an EU representation, or not? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | ones that violate the independence axiom? |
| work_dzk3mlhz75as5ps2tmc443tis4 | which is evolutionarily optimal? |
| work_hk22utbcyvhvxd6ioalesjthfi | 898 JUHA SAATSI All u What about realist commitment to abstract possibilia, then? |
| work_hk22utbcyvhvxd6ioalesjthfi | Can the nom- inalist get off the hook here? |
| work_hk22utbcyvhvxd6ioalesjthfi | What empirical phenomenon can only be explained in these terms? |
| work_hk22utbcyvhvxd6ioalesjthfi | “ Has Chaos Been Explained? ” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 52( 4): 683–700. |
| work_hk22utbcyvhvxd6ioalesjthfi | “ Is There a Monist Theory of Causal and Non- causal Explanations? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | 5 Discussion What exactly does the foregoing argument show? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | Are animals capable of Bayesian updating? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | Are there situations where Bayesian updating should not be used? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | But leaving aside these interpretive differences, what is the formal relationship between the results? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | Can we show that organisms using Bayesian updating would have enjoyed a selective advantage over those updating in some other way? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | Do we expect natural selection to produce rational behaviour? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | Does rationality require an agent to update using the Bayesian rule? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | How does this complication affect the foregoing argument? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | If so, can the rule be justified from more primitive rationality requirements? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | Is it the unique rule that can be so justified? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | What action should the animal choose to maximise its expected payoff? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | What if the unsafe signal is received? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | What is an organism ’s expected payoff from using policy x? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | What is bet- hedging? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | What is the logical relation between the Brown/ Maher result and our own? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | Where does this leave us? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | Which of our three policies- ‘ Ignore ’, ‘ Maximin ’ and ‘ Bayes ’- is the best, from an evolutionary point of view? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | Why conditionalize? |
| work_ecbog24aznhcxfojwlp53xqvju | matches the true distribution on the states, and that its util- ity function matches the true payoff function? |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | Is Psychopathy a Natural Kind? |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | Is Psychopathy a Natural Kind? |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | What to Do with Psychopathy? |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | What to Do with Psychopathy? |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | “ An Ideal Disorder? |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | “ Are Emotions Natural Kinds? ” Perspectives on Psychological Science 1: 28–58. |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | “ Can Psychiatry Refurnish the Mind? ” Philosophical Explorations 20: 160 – 174. |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | “ Do Psychopaths Refute Internalism? ” In Being Amoral: Psychopathy and Moral Incapacity, edited by Thomas Schramme, 187–207. |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | “ Does ‘ Race ’ Have a Future? ” Philosophy and Public Affairs 35: 293–317. |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | “ Heritability of Antisocial Behaviour at 9: Do Callous- unemotional Traits Matter? ” Developmental Science 11: 17–22. |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | “ Is Psychopathy a Mental Disease? ” In Neuroscience and Legal Responsibility, edited by Nicole A. Vincent, 229–255. |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | “ Is Psychopathy a Syndrome? |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | “ Psychopathic Personality or Personalities? |
| work_feipw7vizzg2bocvs6z7tjg2ee | “ What Kinds of Things Are Psychiatric Disorders? ” Psychological Medicine 41: 1143–1150. |
| work_h5cdma6p3res5mrcc5xg4sw7ry | 276 Paul Feyerabend the formation of functions of laws assume that laws have an''objective status''? |
| work_h5cdma6p3res5mrcc5xg4sw7ry | But is there a positive relation? |
| work_h5cdma6p3res5mrcc5xg4sw7ry | On the other hand — what are we to make of Mach''s criticism of relativity? |
| work_h5cdma6p3res5mrcc5xg4sw7ry | Quite the contrary, a little boldness in these matters furthers research''? |
| work_h5cdma6p3res5mrcc5xg4sw7ry | Was there really an increase of dogmatism, or what Mach regarded as dogmatism, in physics, in connection with the theory of relativity? |
| work_h5cdma6p3res5mrcc5xg4sw7ry | Was this the case? |
| work_h5cdma6p3res5mrcc5xg4sw7ry | What have''experiments''got to do with the construction of such a theory? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | ( 1994), “ Does the Bohm Theory Solve the Measurement Problem? ” Philosophy of Science 61: 250–256. |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | ( Not very plausible: could you describe even a length measurement operation using only predicates denoting lengths?) |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | ), The Interpretation of Quantum Theory: Where Do We Stand? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | ), What? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | But is that so? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | Can it be so? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | How much does the Born rule say? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | Is There a ‘ Collapse ’? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | SCIENCE AS REPRESENTATION: FLOUTING CRITERIA 803 perspective? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | The im- mediate questions are: What constitutes a measurement? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | What are the appearances like, on these interpretations? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | What does “ explain ” mean in this context? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | When? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | Where? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | Why? |
| work_fsldehbjmjca5gs6bjkggkoasq | and What explains this collapse? |
| work_hhkkxl7j2nhdnbgm42732d46ei | An alternative “ presentism ” What becomes of presentism on this view? |
| work_hhkkxl7j2nhdnbgm42732d46ei | Change What is it for an object to persist through change? |
| work_hhkkxl7j2nhdnbgm42732d46ei | Does my son exist relative to me, when he is in London and I am here? |
| work_hhkkxl7j2nhdnbgm42732d46ei | Here ’s the crucial 9 question: what are the perdurantist ’s “ momentary genuine unities ” that are supposedly tied together by the laws? |
| work_hhkkxl7j2nhdnbgm42732d46ei | How can a thing – by which we mean a genuine unity – remain the very same thing and yet undergo change? |
| work_hhkkxl7j2nhdnbgm42732d46ei | How might one respond? |
| work_hhkkxl7j2nhdnbgm42732d46ei | If it no longer serves as a principle of ontological unity, what role does it play? |
| work_hhkkxl7j2nhdnbgm42732d46ei | In virtue of what are these – the things that are tied together – themselves genuine unities? |
| work_hhkkxl7j2nhdnbgm42732d46ei | Is there a determinate fact of the matter about what he is doing right now? |
| work_hhkkxl7j2nhdnbgm42732d46ei | Why do we set out a big arena of space and time when we ’re doing physics? |
| work_gx5iilqq55e7tp6wdpe6js5mga | 23 Does the aggregate probability judgment preserve this conditional independence? |
| work_gx5iilqq55e7tp6wdpe6js5mga | Are these satisfactory causal judgment aggregation rules? |
| work_gx5iilqq55e7tp6wdpe6js5mga | But then, what does such an individual � s conditional probability Pri(vjjpa(Vj)) � the informational input at the second stage � represent? |
| work_gx5iilqq55e7tp6wdpe6js5mga | How can we represent qualitative judgments on how the variables in V are causally interrelated? |
| work_gx5iilqq55e7tp6wdpe6js5mga | Mission Impossible? |
| work_gx5iilqq55e7tp6wdpe6js5mga | What about the preser- vation of unanimously held independencies between variables( both conditional and unconditional ones)? |
| work_gx5iilqq55e7tp6wdpe6js5mga | What are the possible escape routes from this impossibility? |
| work_gx5iilqq55e7tp6wdpe6js5mga | When is the probability judgment expressed by Pr compatible with a given causal judgment? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | 4 Do instruments distort? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | Am I overstating the dependence of instruments on theory? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | But how do we decide whether we have two perspectives working in tandem, or a wholly new perspective constructed out of two perspectives? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | But then we can ask: What do we gain by describing the instrument as a perspective? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | Do these properties challenge a realist account of instruments, or require the realist to qualify her realism in any way? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | Do trees provides “ perspectives ” on the climates of the past? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | How do we decide what counts as an appropriate degree of precision? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | How does perspectivism relate to realism, plural- ism, and pragmatism? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | How does the view outlined here account for this? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | Is n’t spherical aberration a source of distortion, even when we accurately model the spherical aberration? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | Is perspectivism committed to epistemic relativism? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | Now should we say that the instrument is not revealing the world as it really is? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | One way to see the problem for the instrumental perspectivist position here is to ask: what is the alternative? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | Or do these combine into a new perspective entirely? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | So should we view instruments as being perspectival in some way that the host of other targets of scientific models are not? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | So why did I describe this dependence as a Pyrrhic victory for the instrumental perspectivist? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | This section therefore takes up the question, in what sense could an instrument distort information? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | What does this bring to our understanding of the instrument or the properties it detects? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | What exactly is the problem with spherical aberration? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | What is the perspective to which the final output is indexed? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | What is the perspectivist account of truth? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | What problems does this solve? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | What then does it mean to say that an instrument is opaque? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | What then is the case for instrumental perspectivism, and what does this view add to our understanding of instruments? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | What would it mean to reject partiality? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | What ’s the difference? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | Why suppose that we have a gamma- ray perspective on the Milky Way, rather than a perspective on gamma rays from the Milky Way? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | With this in mind, what exactly is it that is being distorted by the instrument? |
| work_7qp4ywxyljelvlggzesk5q3l5q | what the target of the perspective is? |
| work_h7pyzymyzjca3gzdylkp32552y | ( ii) What does the datum say regarding evidence for H against its alternative? |
| work_h7pyzymyzjca3gzdylkp32552y | ( iii) Given the datum what should we do? |
| work_h7pyzymyzjca3gzdylkp32552y | Does the first set of agents share the same background information? |
| work_h7pyzymyzjca3gzdylkp32552y | Does the second? |
| work_h7pyzymyzjca3gzdylkp32552y | What does it mean to say, in a non- trivial way, that two agents share the same background information? |
| work_h7pyzymyzjca3gzdylkp32552y | Why Bayesianism? |
| work_i4edga7dkreojlngg4suow5d5m | But why, then,Kitcher''s frustrated interactionist asks,"do we always end up discussing whether genotypes are all- powerful in development?" |
| work_i4edga7dkreojlngg4suow5d5m | ( 1999a),"Genes and Codes: Lessons from the Philosophy of Mind? |
| work_i4edga7dkreojlngg4suow5d5m | ( 2001),"Selfish Genes or Developmental Systems? |
| work_i4edga7dkreojlngg4suow5d5m | But how is this partition of outcomes to be made? |
| work_i4edga7dkreojlngg4suow5d5m | Griffiths, Paul E. and Robin D. Knight( 1998),"What is the Developmentalist Challenge? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | By how much will they differ in fitness? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | Can their joint effect be calculated? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | Does it make sense to think of selection in this way — that is, as a tertium quid that drives evolution? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | Does the operation of natural selection raise the probability that the D- type moths will increase in frequency? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | Here, we recall Hall ’s witty remark: “ Is this all it takes to achieve 216 MOHAN MATTHEN AND ANDRÉ ARIEW nonlocality? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | How do these fitness factors add up? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | How would you test whether gravita- tional attraction is an intervening cause in between mass and motion? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | In other words, selection and drift can be explanatory( and thus answer Stephens ’ ‘ Why? ’) without being causes of evolutionary change. |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | Is it determinate? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | Millstein, Roberta L.( 2002), “ Are Random Drift and Natural Selection Conceptually Dis- tinct? ”, Biology and Philosophy 17: 33–53. |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | Second, is there a way of manipulating the probability that the D- type moths will increase in frequency by intervening on natural selection? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | The theory of probability has no general way to deal with such questions? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | We offer Hierarchical Realization as a model of propositional con- junction in probability/ frequency theory? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | What entity or process are supporters of( Ā*) talking about here as a cause of evolution? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | What exactly is natural selection? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | What if one of our fundamental physical theories turns out not to meet these criteria? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | What is the relevance of probability theory here? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | What would it mean, then, for only gene frequencies and not trait frequencies to be at issue? |
| work_e7xmdd57mna2bjubrglel3sok4 | Why? |
| work_jtckcu53qvffbff2okm2ashmya | Naravo, sada se postavlja pitanje: kog i kakvog iskustva? |
| work_grchzi6yzvgkvlmpolcs53mohy | Anyone for absolution? |
| work_grchzi6yzvgkvlmpolcs53mohy | Goldberg, Lewis( 1968), “ Simple Models of Simple Processes? |
| work_grchzi6yzvgkvlmpolcs53mohy | How do we select which ones to consider? |
| work_grchzi6yzvgkvlmpolcs53mohy | How much support does a single case study( or even a number of case studies) provide a general principle about the nature of science? |
| work_grchzi6yzvgkvlmpolcs53mohy | How prevalent is the phenomenon described by the general principle? |
| work_grchzi6yzvgkvlmpolcs53mohy | How shall we reduce the effects of bias so rampant in traditional epis- temology? |
| work_grchzi6yzvgkvlmpolcs53mohy | Indeed, one is not sure how to even begin: How do we individuate epi- sodes? |
| work_grchzi6yzvgkvlmpolcs53mohy | What about scientists? |
| work_grchzi6yzvgkvlmpolcs53mohy | What features do we consider in coding them? |
| work_gtfjrre7grezhidsxkpywtbk6u | And can philosophy be free from science? |
| work_gtfjrre7grezhidsxkpywtbk6u | But if his idea is so regarding philosophy, how it ’s possible to categorize this guy under members of philosophers? |
| work_gtfjrre7grezhidsxkpywtbk6u | For instance, to answer the question: what is a circle? |
| work_gtfjrre7grezhidsxkpywtbk6u | Is it this and that circle, such as, I can imperfectly draw on a piece of paper or on a black board? |
| work_gtfjrre7grezhidsxkpywtbk6u | New York[ 10] Seigel, H. 1985 What is the Question Concerning The Rationality of Science? |
| work_gtfjrre7grezhidsxkpywtbk6u | Or can science be able to do its activity without the support of philosophy? |
| work_gtfjrre7grezhidsxkpywtbk6u | To proof this statement, I can raise question like: Can science and philosophy develop without the support of one another? |
| work_gtfjrre7grezhidsxkpywtbk6u | When philosophy asks question how do you make or beg bread? |
| work_ihhi6fuwjngxxb7texshjza73u | How can it be profitable for companies to make them available to the general( scientific) public? |
| work_ihhi6fuwjngxxb7texshjza73u | Might the demands of successful product design even threaten to overrule the traditional epistemic values of academic science? |
| work_ihhi6fuwjngxxb7texshjza73u | Nelkin, Dorothy( 1984), Science as Intellectual Property: Who Controls Research? |
| work_ihhi6fuwjngxxb7texshjza73u | Rosenberg, Nathan( 1990), “ Why Do Firms Do Basic Research( with their Own Money)? ”, Research Policy 19( 1990): 165- 174. |
| work_ihhi6fuwjngxxb7texshjza73u | This may inspire the question: Could GMR research retain its epistemic merits without a functioning environment of academic science? |
| work_ii4co5z435d4nanr6ea3uax364 | Does it not seem to be the intellectual task of the twentieth century to take this last step? |
| work_ii4co5z435d4nanr6ea3uax364 | Many who came from the bourgeoisie are wor- ried whether the proletariat will have some feeling for science; but what does history teach us? |
| work_gqwr6lebjvfzrf4v2scdzb4qhe | ., kn? |
| work_gqwr6lebjvfzrf4v2scdzb4qhe | But why think these previsions to have anything special to do with her degrees of belief? |
| work_gqwr6lebjvfzrf4v2scdzb4qhe | Is it possible to provide an intuitive rationality constraint that implies[ Scott''s Ax- iom]? |
| work_gqwr6lebjvfzrf4v2scdzb4qhe | Since V+ is closed and bounded it follows from( I) that there is a point c*( V+ with D(c*, c)? |
| work_gqwr6lebjvfzrf4v2scdzb4qhe | This agent will incur a 10? |
| work_gqwr6lebjvfzrf4v2scdzb4qhe | What should he do with this information? |
| work_gqwr6lebjvfzrf4v2scdzb4qhe | Why should we be concerned about objects that have no reasonable interpretation in terms of ran- dom phenomena?" |
| work_gqwr6lebjvfzrf4v2scdzb4qhe | X? |
| work_gqwr6lebjvfzrf4v2scdzb4qhe | Yi for all i with Xj.-? |
| work_gqwr6lebjvfzrf4v2scdzb4qhe | penalty if X is true, and a 50? |
| work_im2l2gsjkfgdhpwvvsl2uii3pa | For example, see Morgan and Morrison 1999, Cartwright 1999, and Giere 1999. simulation lie? |
| work_im2l2gsjkfgdhpwvvsl2uii3pa | What features do simulations actually share with labora- tory experiments? |
| work_im2l2gsjkfgdhpwvvsl2uii3pa | What, if not theory, can serve to sanc- tion these models? |
| work_im2l2gsjkfgdhpwvvsl2uii3pa | Why not also say, then, that we perform experiments on computers running algorithms designed to simulate complex physical systems? |
| work_im2l2gsjkfgdhpwvvsl2uii3pa | — — —( 1992) “ Do Thought Experiments Have a Life of Their Own? ”, in A. |
| work_f6eewdylanfjthc3gc3fjncfwy | ( Newton- Smith 1980, p. 102) But why, precisely, should the isomorphism between time and, say, the real number line be resisted? |
| work_f6eewdylanfjthc3gc3fjncfwy | 1 Did time have a beginning? |
| work_f6eewdylanfjthc3gc3fjncfwy | 26 How then should a ‘ super- cosmic ’ time for the multiverse as a whole be specified? |
| work_f6eewdylanfjthc3gc3fjncfwy | ; and( ii) can the existence of the container be characterized in non- mathematical terms? |
| work_f6eewdylanfjthc3gc3fjncfwy | But how precisely should this absolute time be understood? |
| work_f6eewdylanfjthc3gc3fjncfwy | But what are the presuppositions behind this debate of whether there is a ‘ north pole ’ for time? |
| work_f6eewdylanfjthc3gc3fjncfwy | But, conversely, could the conceptual possibility of a world without beginning allow us to speak of( actual) time before the big bang in our world? |
| work_f6eewdylanfjthc3gc3fjncfwy | In other words, how should we decide what the best or correct representation of time is? |
| work_f6eewdylanfjthc3gc3fjncfwy | What physical systems can serve as clocks? |
| work_f6eewdylanfjthc3gc3fjncfwy | What should this “ more ” be if not something physical? |
| work_f6eewdylanfjthc3gc3fjncfwy | Worse still, is this absolute time at all intelligible? |
| work_g4l2piq3lrdvdglsb7bpwsepve | ( iii) Are the arguments against the cogency of inferences based upon resemblance themselves cogent? |
| work_g4l2piq3lrdvdglsb7bpwsepve | Are realistic probabilistic models of such looser correspondences possible? |
| work_g4l2piq3lrdvdglsb7bpwsepve | As Sober( 1988,? 6.5) argues, however, even very rudimentary and unreliable methods of answering Q3 suffice for providing reliable answers to Q2. |
| work_g4l2piq3lrdvdglsb7bpwsepve | Can we get a purchase on P(A), P(B), and P(AB)? |
| work_g4l2piq3lrdvdglsb7bpwsepve | Does the fact that the robots broke down on the same night constitute a correlation calling for a common cause explanation? |
| work_g4l2piq3lrdvdglsb7bpwsepve | For how are we to gain a purchase on P(AB) to determine if it is greater than P(A)P(B)? |
| work_g4l2piq3lrdvdglsb7bpwsepve | Is philosophy of science able to shed any light on the methods employed in reconstruction? |
| work_g4l2piq3lrdvdglsb7bpwsepve | Q2: Given that A, B, and C share some common ancestor, do A and B share an ancestor that is not shared with C? |
| work_g4l2piq3lrdvdglsb7bpwsepve | Then we might ask any of the following questions: Q1: Do A and B share a common ancestor at all? |
| work_g4l2piq3lrdvdglsb7bpwsepve | What does this assumption, suitably formulated, actually entail about the success of common cause inference? |
| work_g4l2piq3lrdvdglsb7bpwsepve | Why no twentieth- century philosophers? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | 4 What of the popular device of representing neutrality by sets of probability measures? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | Are these same problems a concern in mainstream cosmological theorizing? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | Are they distributed uniformly in time? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | Are they distributed uniformly over all people or all people and primates with advanced cognitive functions? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | Are they distributed uniformly over all people; or weighted according to how long each person lives? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | Are they distributed uniformly over the volumes of expanding space? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | But what can we say of the values of fundamental constants themselves? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | Hawking, S. W. and Page, Don N. 1988 “ How Probable is Inflation? ” Nuclear Physics B298: 789- 809. |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | How do we divide those things that need explanation from those that do not? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | However if the probabilities are epistemic and thus implement an inductive logic, what grounds do we have for that logic being probabilistic? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | In forming our sampling distribution, should we be indifferent over all people? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | Or is the distribution weighted to favor beings according to the degree of advancement of their cognitive functions? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | Over civilizations? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | Over groups of people? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | Over individual minutes experienced by people? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | What argument can support that sense? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | What do we learn about T when we find that the process has already persisted for t years? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | What should we do if we do want to incorporate the further information that some specific t is observed? |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | “ Are We Living in a Computer Simulation? ” Philosophical Quarterly 53: 243- 55. |
| work_eteaf7faxrgkvenosvjmb63sxu | “ Why is There Anything At All? ” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes 70: 95- 120. |
| work_fjcs3m6tnrcq5mwmmmqbcozk6i | 2) How hard is it to create? |
| work_fjcs3m6tnrcq5mwmmmqbcozk6i | And second, to what extent does Bennett ’s formal theory agree with these intuitions? |
| work_fjcs3m6tnrcq5mwmmmqbcozk6i | As a formalised account of an intuitive concept we should ask, firstly, how philosophically sound are the motivating intuitions? |
| work_fjcs3m6tnrcq5mwmmmqbcozk6i | Complexity is claimed to be a property of a process but how do we identify when a process starts? |
| work_fjcs3m6tnrcq5mwmmmqbcozk6i | Hence, the fundamental foundational question in the domain of the complexity sciences is: What is complexity? |
| work_fjcs3m6tnrcq5mwmmmqbcozk6i | How can a pattern ’s predictive utility be given ontological weight? |
| work_fjcs3m6tnrcq5mwmmmqbcozk6i | So how might we justify a realist attitude towards patterns? |
| work_fjcs3m6tnrcq5mwmmmqbcozk6i | What is a Complex System? |
| work_fjcs3m6tnrcq5mwmmmqbcozk6i | What is a macrostate? |
| work_fjcs3m6tnrcq5mwmmmqbcozk6i | What, then, is the reason for randomness to be stated as a necessary ingredient by so many authors? |
| work_fjcs3m6tnrcq5mwmmmqbcozk6i | [ 54] How successful is Logical depth as a measure of complexity? |
| work_j6bomvlphfaezpwk5y6ipa45ka | Cummins, Robert( 2000),""How Does it Work?" |
| work_j6bomvlphfaezpwk5y6ipa45ka | This presents a major challenge for psychologists: how to identify the information processing operations within the mechanism? |
| work_j6bomvlphfaezpwk5y6ipa45ka | Versus"What are the Laws? |
| work_j6bomvlphfaezpwk5y6ipa45ka | — — —( 1985),"How Many Memory Systems are There?" |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | Can the fact that something is past, say, be wholly objective, consistent with modern physics? |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | Given lines u;v; write u? |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | How might this preference be made out? |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | In what sense- at the observable level- is our theory relativistic? |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | Is it by reference to the Earth, or to the Solar System, that all that exists at each time is decided? |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | Is it possible to adopt relationism when it comes to times, but actualism in the case of possibilities? |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | Is the Everett approach believable? |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | Is the contrast between the determinate and the indeterminate real and objective, consistent with physics? |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | Is there any alternative? |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | Maxwell, N.( 1985), � Are Probabilism and Special Relativity Incompatible? �, Philosophy of Science, 52, 23- 43. |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | So this e¤ective process had better be Lorentz covariant; how are we to square this circle? |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | Tense and Indeterminateness Simon Saunders 1 Preamble Is tense real and objective? |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | The Earth is no longer at the centre of the universe; so how do we de � ne a foliation without this sort of provincialism? |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | The world- line of what, or of whom? |
| work_g7avlzy4w5aptgogoaqboedm7a | Then the condition that qu is Einstein simultaneous with pv is: Ein(qu;pv) i¤ l(qu;pv)? |
| work_jqlig7au4rajlbk6qi6etez25m | Are rindler quanta real? |
| work_jqlig7au4rajlbk6qi6etez25m | Why should we complete A in the ultraweak topology when there may be states on A that are not ultraweakly continuous? |
| work_gfa3wovtgnaozku3jihcuoivs4 | 1.1 What is an interpretation? |
| work_gfa3wovtgnaozku3jihcuoivs4 | 41 Introduction Interpretation and understanding What is an interpretation? |
| work_gfa3wovtgnaozku3jihcuoivs4 | 5 Conclusion Theories of quantum gravity in which there is no spacetime pose an obvious question: how should such theories be interpreted? |
| work_gfa3wovtgnaozku3jihcuoivs4 | Contents Introduction 3 1 Interpretation and understanding 4 1.1 What is an interpretation? |
| work_gfa3wovtgnaozku3jihcuoivs4 | Do space and time not exist at the fundamental level of reality? |
| work_gfa3wovtgnaozku3jihcuoivs4 | How does a causet ‘ underlie ’ a spacetime? |
| work_gfa3wovtgnaozku3jihcuoivs4 | How does( iApproximation) relate to visualisation? |
| work_gfa3wovtgnaozku3jihcuoivs4 | So, how can physical theories in which space and time are fundamen- tally absent provide scientific understanding, if at all? |
| work_gfa3wovtgnaozku3jihcuoivs4 | So, how can physical theories in which space and time are fundamentally absent provide scientific understanding, if at all? |
| work_gfa3wovtgnaozku3jihcuoivs4 | What is cosmology, then? ” Talk given at the conference Foundations of Physics, LSE, London. |
| work_gfa3wovtgnaozku3jihcuoivs4 | Why do scientific theories need to be intelligible to the scientists who use them? |
| work_gfa3wovtgnaozku3jihcuoivs4 | how can such theories be rendered intelligible? |
| work_gfa3wovtgnaozku3jihcuoivs4 | “ A Precipice Below Which Lies Absurdity? |
| work_im7siym325bvvosuprdzihyvny | Conclusions Can the proposed EPoS function as a GPoS? |
| work_im7siym325bvvosuprdzihyvny | Do the natural sciences with respect to their historical records exhibit distinguishing developmental or progressive patterns or structures? |
| work_im7siym325bvvosuprdzihyvny | Duckworth, D.H. Who discovered bacteriophage? |
| work_im7siym325bvvosuprdzihyvny | Psillos, S. What is general philosophy of science? |
| work_im7siym325bvvosuprdzihyvny | Thomas Kuhn ’s Revolutions: An Historical and an Evolutionary Philosophy of Science? |
| work_im7siym325bvvosuprdzihyvny | Whither Kuhn ’s historical philosophy of science? |
| work_jvnxcygrgrbrhoei2uokij4hou | How is all of this relevant to modifying Pearl ’s framework so as to improve its fit with intuitive judgments? |
| work_jvnxcygrgrbrhoei2uokij4hou | What would a default world generated by the salient causal model for this scenario look like? |
| work_iordx5dbkjc6xgt6o4jqv26xia | How can an observer determine the accuracy of perception when her only access to the external world is mediated by perception itself? |
| work_iordx5dbkjc6xgt6o4jqv26xia | Is a banana objectively more like a skyscraper or a wink? |
| work_iordx5dbkjc6xgt6o4jqv26xia | The question, then, is which strategies allow the actors to most perfectly coordinate action? |
| work_iordx5dbkjc6xgt6o4jqv26xia | What should they be expected to evolve? |
| work_iordx5dbkjc6xgt6o4jqv26xia | “ Why is Language Vague?. ” Working paper, Boston University, Dept. |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | 8 tems? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | But how to handle complexity in systems that are nowhere near decompos- able? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | By what right does epa ignore such factors? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | Can a policy of social discretion save the day? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | How Are the Sciences of Complex Systems Possible? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | How does the evolution function figure in the definition of the proba- bility of heads? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | Independence from Initial Conditions Is the supercondition true or false? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | Introduction How is it possible to understand the behavior of extremely complex sys- tems? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | Is this a legitimate move or just a cheap trick? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | What is the macrolevel? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | What statistics count as right in this sense? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | What, then, is the effect of a nonlinear interaction on the coin tosses? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | Why expect initial condition distributions to be smooth? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | Why think that the evolution functions of enion probabilities are mi- croconstant? |
| work_ga7qm6sag5b6xltgjrzkf2gwai | Why? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | And finally, sotto voce: whatever happened to the aim of truth? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | And if we do n’t, are we making things up? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | Are there such facts? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | But can such criteria really be found? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | But must agents ’ categories and standards never be transcended? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | But on what basis is this held to be a failure? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | But what is the confusion here? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | Can we still distinguish history from fiction? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | Discussion Where have we got to? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | Do we tell it, or aim to tell it, “ wie es eigentlich gewesen ”? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | Does the asymmetry matter that accordingly we may speak of individual historical narratives as false but could not speak of them as true? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | How far may we go in our re- alignments of the past in line with contemporary concerns? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | To put the issue somewhat crassly: What do we do when we research the history of the philosophy of science? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | What are the “ proper safe- guards ” I just smuggled into my conclusions from Danto? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | What constraints are there on our re- tellings of past events and actions? |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | “ Can We Ascribe to Past Thinkers Concepts They Had No Linguistic Means to Express? ” History and Theory 36, 15- 31. |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | “ Is Understanding Factive? ” In A. Haddock, A. Millar, D. Pritchard( eds. |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | “ What is History of Philosophy and Why is it Important? ” Journal of the History of Philosophy 40, 525- 528. |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | “ What is the Good of Philosophical History? “ In Reck 2013b, 294- 325. |
| work_eqykzw7cpzevfe75p7yl43635i | “ What ’s Philosophical about the History of Philosophy? ” In Sorrel and Rogers 2005, 128- 146. |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | 11852 994.. 1005 Do We Need a Device to Acquire Ethnic Concepts? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | A DEVICE TO ACQUIRE ETHNIC CONCEPTS? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | Atran explains this cross- cultural similarity by reference to a shared “ folk- A DEVICE TO ACQUIRE ETHNIC CONCEPTS? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | How Biological Is Essentialism? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | How Essential Is Biologism? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | How- A DEVICE TO ACQUIRE ETHNIC CONCEPTS? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | If the father is Kazakh and the mother Mongol, what is the ethnicity of the child? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | Is that proof of innate essentialism or of the efficacy of television? ” ð2005, 112Þ. |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | Or is it first na- ture? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | Responding to A DEVICE TO ACQUIRE ETHNIC CONCEPTS? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | Stere Tayl Wes Whi Yzer A DEVICE TO ACQUIRE ETHNIC CONCEPTS? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | What is the ethnicity of this child? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | What is the ethnicity of thischild? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | While these authors dif- A DEVICE TO ACQUIRE ETHNIC CONCEPTS? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | “ Are Ethnic Groups Biological ‘ Species ’ to the Human Brain? ” Current Anthropology 42:515–53. |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | “ Can Race Be Erased? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | “ Does Rank Have Its Privilege? |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | “ What ’s Empirical about Atran ’s Taxonomies? ” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21:587–88. |
| work_f7cnhpghvfh5nddbeaamhit5lq | “ Why Do We Think Racially? |
| work_igho7togyzfufnl5xtlflvlapy | But how is this idea of God as creator and preserver of motion or rest in extended bodies connected back to the concept of force? |
| work_igho7togyzfufnl5xtlflvlapy | But what is the distinction between them in our thought? |
| work_igho7togyzfufnl5xtlflvlapy | How can forces, which are immanent in extension, also be referred to God? |
| work_igho7togyzfufnl5xtlflvlapy | How exactly could an invariable attribute be regarded, in some way, as varying? |
| work_igho7togyzfufnl5xtlflvlapy | How exactly is force a mode of extended substance? |
| work_igho7togyzfufnl5xtlflvlapy | Why insist that Descartes ’ discussion of force means something other than “ force ”? |
| work_igho7togyzfufnl5xtlflvlapy | Why not take Descartes at his word? |
| work_kxzstyobrfcofprneanvdexzku | Are Dynamic Mechanistic Explanations Still Mechanistic? |
| work_k3jxgv32mrcibouxbqn25gxnla | How probable is an infinite sequence of heads? |
| work_k3jxgv32mrcibouxbqn25gxnla | How probable is an infinite sequence of heads? |
| work_k3jxgv32mrcibouxbqn25gxnla | So what is Williamson ’s mistake( if there is a mistake)? |
| work_kghp6s7rujat3dywvwidkt3ln4 | There was a problem: as aluminium is combustible, what prevents aluminium from bursting into flames like sodium or kalium? |
| work_ex26hg2wnneulmgk62rew5uai4 | 11 Are all invariant generalizations laws? |
| work_ex26hg2wnneulmgk62rew5uai4 | Does the invocation of invariance merely restate this more familiar idea in slightly different language? |
| work_ex26hg2wnneulmgk62rew5uai4 | He was, of course, wrong about this, but what was the nature of his mistake? |
| work_ex26hg2wnneulmgk62rew5uai4 | If anything, is n’t( 21) simpler and more perspicuous than( 20) and more in accord with traditional ideas about the features laws must possess? |
| work_ex26hg2wnneulmgk62rew5uai4 | Is there some other basis on which we can make such claims? |
| work_ex26hg2wnneulmgk62rew5uai4 | What are the conditions that must be satisfied for( 35) correctly to describe a causal or explanatory relationship? |
| work_ex26hg2wnneulmgk62rew5uai4 | What is the relationship between these criteria and the notion of invariance? |
| work_ex26hg2wnneulmgk62rew5uai4 | Why should merely knowing that( 33) has a completer but not the identity of the completer endow it with explanatory import? |
| work_ex26hg2wnneulmgk62rew5uai4 | Why? |
| work_ex26hg2wnneulmgk62rew5uai4 | Would this explanation be improved if we were to replace the field equations with the exceptionless generalization( 18)? |
| work_hgyli243xnbphjwnsbbloiglma | But where does this vocabulary come from? |
| work_hgyli243xnbphjwnsbbloiglma | Callender, C.[ 1997]: ‘ What is ‘ The Problem of the Direction of Time ’? ’, Philosophy of Science, 64, pp. |
| work_hgyli243xnbphjwnsbbloiglma | For why do we think that( L1) is true? |
| work_hgyli243xnbphjwnsbbloiglma | How could it deal with the fatal signal, the fingerprints, the memories, the tape, the light waves and all the rest? |
| work_hgyli243xnbphjwnsbbloiglma | How, one might ask, can this be? |
| work_hgyli243xnbphjwnsbbloiglma | If I had n’t set my alarm last night, then what would have 2 happened? |
| work_hgyli243xnbphjwnsbbloiglma | Lewis considers worlds such as different- past world: But are there any such worlds to consider? |
| work_hgyli243xnbphjwnsbbloiglma | One might wonder: does the counterfactual come out true or false? |
| work_hgyli243xnbphjwnsbbloiglma | So why add in all the special science laws? |
| work_hgyli243xnbphjwnsbbloiglma | What could they be like: how could one small, localized, simple miracle possibly do all that needs doing? |
| work_hgyli243xnbphjwnsbbloiglma | What does this actually mean? |
| work_hgyli243xnbphjwnsbbloiglma | What should we say about this? |
| work_jkk4wvvxofe27ise2226vb3sxm | So why does segregation still arise in the model? |
| work_jkk4wvvxofe27ise2226vb3sxm | What happens when they want the maximum possible diversity among their neighbors? |
| work_hqlr5f3pqzcwfhtalmrvpldmfq | 19 The second question concerns our view of coherence and asks: How is the internal consistency of a proposed mechanism guaranteed? |
| work_hqlr5f3pqzcwfhtalmrvpldmfq | But is such a commitment necessary? |
| work_hqlr5f3pqzcwfhtalmrvpldmfq | Finally, in which sense is the claim that an antirealist account of mechanistic explanation fits scientific practice warranted? |
| work_hqlr5f3pqzcwfhtalmrvpldmfq | First, on which grounds should a mechanistic explanation be accepted if not on its truth? |
| work_hqlr5f3pqzcwfhtalmrvpldmfq | How do we tell, then, where and when the mechanism of the action potential begins and another, different mechanism begins? |
| work_hqlr5f3pqzcwfhtalmrvpldmfq | Is it the best way to go about mechanistic explanation? |
| work_hqlr5f3pqzcwfhtalmrvpldmfq | Second, how can it be warranted that mechanistic explanations are improved over time? |
| work_hqlr5f3pqzcwfhtalmrvpldmfq | Under what conditions is coherence with background knowledge warranted? |
| work_hqlr5f3pqzcwfhtalmrvpldmfq | [ Forthcoming]: ‘ What was Hodgkin and Huxley ’s Achievement? ’, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | A D A P T A T I O N A N D E V O L U T I O N A R Y T H E O R Y 107 How does''the struggle for existence''or''the survival of the fittest''explain( 3)? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | Are not some''natural''cases of selection just as bizarre as our concocted cases? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | Are the bassets there- fore better adapted to the island environment than the shepherds? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | Are there other types of cases where the two do not c~ jncide? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | Bibliography F. J. Ayala,''Biological Evol~~tioil: Natural Selection or Randon1 Wall |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | But how are we to apply it to particular situations? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | But how could one argue for this claim? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | But is he not much better adapted than his normal relatives to the laboratory where the experimenter is selecting for an extra set of legs? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | But what if our most perverse efforts fail to contradict the proposed definition? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | But would not these activities have to be weighted according to their importance? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | Clearly such predictions are falsifiable( as falsifiable as any statistical hypothesis), but do we have any reason to expect them to be successful? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | How does( RA'') fare on our desiderata? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | How is the suggested definition useful? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | How is this probability to be determined? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | How then shall we characterize natural selection? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | How would they be weighted? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | How would we reply to one who says that by''natural selection''he means all cases of selection excluding those involving man? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | If the falsification of one instance of( D) does n''t even begin to cast doubt on( D) will large numbers of falsifications change matters? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | If we can explain( 3) and so the occurrence of evolution in terms of chance is the hypothesis of natural selection necessary? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | To put the question another way, do we count this differential reproduction as natural selection? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | What do I mean by an A D A P T A T I O N A N D E V O L U T I O N A R Y T H E O R Y 117 instance of( RA'')? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | What does this explanation presuppose? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | What is the Darwinian explanation of( 3)? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | What sort of foundation is( D) for a scientific theory? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | What sort of variation is significant? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | Which is fundamental? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | Why are those who happen to be the fittest in fact the fittest? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | Why has Thoday''s definition been so favorably received? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | Why is there differential fitness? |
| work_apfsakjuyvc5xpdifk7sweduui | Why is there this correlation? |
| work_ig6yrm33wnh77o6z6dpnc7edbq | How are we to choose, in a principled way, which, if any, is the right one? |
| work_ig6yrm33wnh77o6z6dpnc7edbq | How are we to extend these sets to those that can plausibly represent partial ignorance? |
| work_ig6yrm33wnh77o6z6dpnc7edbq | How then might we represent ignorance as opposed to disbelief? |
| work_ig6yrm33wnh77o6z6dpnc7edbq | Is there a natural calculus governing disbelief? |
| work_ig6yrm33wnh77o6z6dpnc7edbq | On the interpretative level, how are we to think of the measures that form the set? |
| work_ig6yrm33wnh77o6z6dpnc7edbq | Or if we are to say that each of the sets gets something partially right in characterizing the state, how are we to extract what is gotten right? |
| work_ig6yrm33wnh77o6z6dpnc7edbq | Should we represent complete ignorance by such self- dual sets? |
| work_ig6yrm33wnh77o6z6dpnc7edbq | What are its algebraic properties? |
| work_ig6yrm33wnh77o6z6dpnc7edbq | What of disbelief? |
| work_l3slitrujnbxdimaocdqcmf5fe | to correct or fully change it by means of Conventionally the activity in these areas had been the representation? |
| work_kpzhv3bfnvbyffbvzbwemegjma | ), What is scientific knowledge? |
| work_kpzhv3bfnvbyffbvzbwemegjma | What are scientific concepts? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | 1 properties in some sense physical properties( Rosenberg 2006; MacDonald 1992)? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | 3 2 The Correlation Argument What ’s the most compelling version of the correlation argument? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | And it creates some corresponding epistemological problems for the dualist: why do you think that mental events can cause other events? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | Are all mental properties in some sense biological or physical properties( Smart 1959; Lewis 1966; Chalmers 1996)? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | Are all physical properties microphysical properties( Pettit 1993; Papineau 2001; Hüttemann 2004; Mellor 2008)? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | Are all social prop- erties in some sense mental or biological properties( Mellor 1982; Pettit 1993; Ruben 1984; Sawyer 2002)? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | Blind faith alone? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | But what does it mean to talk of ‘ the property of being alkaline ’ for example? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | But what is the relationship between these various domains of properties? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | Can the laws and facts of one domain be fully explained by invoking the laws and facts of an- other? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | For that matter, are all normative properties in some sense natural properties( Streumer 2008)? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | How then to lend force to ? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | If so, why has this point( that the disagreement is a trivial one over ) not been recognized sooner? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | Now, one can ask of any object: what ‘ total conjunction ’ of these S- properties does that object exemplify? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | Or because you are un- wittingly assuming that no two concepts denote the same property? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | Thus for any two domains of properties one can ask: is one domain a subdo- main of the other? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | What is the nature of biological, mental and social scientific laws? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | What ’s Wrong with Microphysicalism? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | how do scientists come to know what causes what, other than by examining difference making? |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | “ Abstraction and Explanatory Relevance; or, Why Do the Special Sciences Exist? ” Philosophy of Science 78:1143–1155. |
| work_euoxzxbxwfc4nnn4xbg5v6rrjm | “ Are There Irreducibly Normative Properties? ” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 86( 4): 537–561. |
| work_ibqjh3ti3nbfpdf4hoacianj3e | Are Models of Scientific Change Relevant? |
| work_ibqjh3ti3nbfpdf4hoacianj3e | Are Models of Scientific Change Relevant? |
| work_ibqjh3ti3nbfpdf4hoacianj3e | Does Technology drive History? |
| work_ibqjh3ti3nbfpdf4hoacianj3e | How did scientific knowledge cross the bridge between the two autonomous cognitive practices? |
| work_ibqjh3ti3nbfpdf4hoacianj3e | How do we apply Science? |
| work_ibqjh3ti3nbfpdf4hoacianj3e | The nature of technical knowledge: Are models of scientific change relevant? |
| work_ibqjh3ti3nbfpdf4hoacianj3e | This latter knowledge type is neither scientific nor technological knowledge; or is it both? |
| work_ibqjh3ti3nbfpdf4hoacianj3e | What if scientific laws have technological artefacts as their object? |
| work_ix4gtr662rarph223t52nqb4zq | But what about( M, gab(0))? |
| work_ix4gtr662rarph223t52nqb4zq | He writes( 1949b, 561–62): “ It might, however, be asked: Of what use is it if such conditions prevail in certain possible worlds? |
| work_ix4gtr662rarph223t52nqb4zq | Should this fact not give us pause? |
| work_ix4gtr662rarph223t52nqb4zq | “ Can We Know the Global Structure of Spacetime? ” Studies in History and Phi- losophy of Modern Physics 40:53–56. |
| work_ix4gtr662rarph223t52nqb4zq | “ What Is a Singularity in General Relativity? ” Annals of Physics 48:526–40. |
| work_i2xzu6rf7jagzclcw577efbxcq | Are Random Drift and Natural Selection Conceptually Distinct? |
| work_i2xzu6rf7jagzclcw577efbxcq | But how do we know the consequence of such manipulations? |
| work_i2xzu6rf7jagzclcw577efbxcq | Email: junotk@gmail.com 1 population change? |
| work_i2xzu6rf7jagzclcw577efbxcq | How do we know the breeder ’s equation captures the flow of causal influence right? |
| work_i2xzu6rf7jagzclcw577efbxcq | Is evolution a causal process? |
| work_i2xzu6rf7jagzclcw577efbxcq | So does an intervention on fitness affect evolution? |
| work_i2xzu6rf7jagzclcw577efbxcq | To exam- ine this most( but not all) of these authors resort to conceptual analysis: what really are fitness and selection? |
| work_i2xzu6rf7jagzclcw577efbxcq | What determines the( il)legitimacy of the causal reading of each equation? |
| work_i2xzu6rf7jagzclcw577efbxcq | What do they stand for? |
| work_i2xzu6rf7jagzclcw577efbxcq | What is Drift? |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | At least two inter- related questions are left outstanding: Is not the structuralist option also underdetermined by the available evidence? |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | But( even) if objects emerge, do not we have to account for their( non-)individuality anyway? |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | In other words, ONTIC STRUCTURAL REALISM? |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | ONTIC STRUCTURAL REALISM? |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | ONTIC STRUCTURAL REALISM? |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | ONTIC STRUCTURAL REALISM? |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | This ONTIC STRUCTURAL REALISM? |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | What about physical objects? |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | What about the other premises? |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | What does it mean, exactly, that objects and properties are/ reduce to invariants or that symmetries are ontologically prior to objects? |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | Why exactly should one think that it provides a way out of the underdetermination being pointed at? |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | object? |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | “ Are Quantum Particles Objects? ” Analysis 66:52–63. |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | “ Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds? ” Dialectica 43:99–124. |
| work_gxd2gghy4nh2pp5aah7mw4qwla | “ What Is Structural Realism? ” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 29:409–24. |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | ( 2006), “ How Risky Are Genetically Engineered Crops? |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | ( For example, Do data- dependent searches alter risk detec- tion ability? |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | A question under( a) might be: do the data constitute evidence of greater increased risks than industry risk assessors allege? |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | Are given policy standards met or flouted? |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | Evidential warrant for a paradigm change? |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | Given the evidence of risk, what pol- icies( or trade- offs) are acceptable? |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | Given the information and data, what infer- ences about the extent of risks( or benefits) are evidentially warranted? |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | How do various methodological choices made in the generating, modeling, and interpreting of data alter a test ’s risk detection ca- pacity? |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | How well are they satisfied,3 and what are the consequences for the reliability of inference of their being vio- lated in the analysis at hand? |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | If so, how should ‘ selection effects ’ be taken into account?) |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | The question is: Why stop with conceptual analysis? |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | What are the statistical and the substantive assumptions in collecting and modeling the data? |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | What uncertainties and errors have been well ruled out? |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | Which have been overlooked and why? |
| work_fn5gab6zd5b2zifd7qejz7k6r4 | Why not critique the reliability of the evidence and inferences? |
| work_liiqctyfpjblnbwab2ptj6liai | If so, then what might the naturalist reliably infer about the world from the language of our best descriptive theories? |
| work_khn4klrvzzg4vltg5vvn2xvuw4 | But what is it that science represents, and how does it do it? |
| work_khn4klrvzzg4vltg5vvn2xvuw4 | What is Deflationism? |
| work_khn4klrvzzg4vltg5vvn2xvuw4 | Why are all these instances of ‘ scientific representation ’- what do they have in common? |
| work_kyblodmp4zcm3fjgpfzelmkzam | Can the realist too account for it? |
| work_kyblodmp4zcm3fjgpfzelmkzam | How can this apparent tension be resolved? |
| work_kyblodmp4zcm3fjgpfzelmkzam | “ What Is Constructive Empiricism? ” Philosophical Studies 74: 143 – 178. |
| work_ind5c7x2lrbwhdqpaqcn7hqq7q | Are Newtonian gravitation and geometrized New- tonian gravitation theoretically equivalent? |
| work_ind5c7x2lrbwhdqpaqcn7hqq7q | But why bother? |
| work_ind5c7x2lrbwhdqpaqcn7hqq7q | Is Newtonian cosmology really inconsistent? |
| work_ind5c7x2lrbwhdqpaqcn7hqq7q | Should n’t spacetime just have an inertial structure, once and for all? |
| work_ind5c7x2lrbwhdqpaqcn7hqq7q | What does it actually gain us? |
| work_ind5c7x2lrbwhdqpaqcn7hqq7q | When can either occur? |
| work_ind5c7x2lrbwhdqpaqcn7hqq7q | Who ’s afraid of absolute space? |
| work_ind5c7x2lrbwhdqpaqcn7hqq7q | Who ’s afraid of coordinate systems? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | And what are those alternatives? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | As a re- sult, it now becomes incumbent on philosophers to evaluate such shifts: is the empirical turn a good thing? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | But even if it fails to explain, perhaps Prisoner ’s Dilemma instead can earn its keep here heuristically? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | But the efficiency question concerns something different: is orthodox modeling a good way to achieve successful representations? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | Current practice is already a mixture of the two, so the question becomes, is it the right mixture? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | Economics: Mathematical Politics or Science of Diminishing Returns? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | Is this a case, then, of theoretical work earning its explanatory keep and thus of research resources being allocated wisely? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | The first is global: does the current overall allocation of resources serve economics well compared to a different allocation? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | The second kind of efficiency anal- ysis is local: given a particular explanandum, what methods should be used to tackle it and in what proportion? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | Thus, should economists do more such modeling or should they invest their efforts elsewhere? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | What behaviors should we expect? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | What is the balance — compared to al- ternatives? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | What is the best way to do efficiency analysis? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | What really matters is, how often are they useful? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | Will these two forthcoming items be out this year? |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | “ Six Decades of Top Economics Publishing: Who and How? ” Journal of Economic Literature 51:162–72. |
| work_f3yl5edxjraklmuzpmet7dlbqm | “ When Are Purely Predictive Models Best? ” Disputatio. |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | 27 right sorts of interactions to constitute a “ population. ” In this case, would n’t I be forced to say that hardness is a function of rocks? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | 28 Once we carry out this simple linkage calculation, how do we decide whether the group is, or is not, a population? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | And how does a population differ from a mere aggregate? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | By virtue of what does a trait possess a function that it is no longer capable of performing? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | Does sorting suffice to create new functions? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | How can the effect of a trait explain the existence of that very trait? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | In trial- and- error, is there anything like reproduction or copying taking place? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | Is small mass a “ function ” of stars( Wimsatt 1972, 15- 16)? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | Is this a case of “ differential retention? ” If so, is hardness in rocks a function( see Kingsbury 2008)? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | Is this a case of “ differential retention? ” If so, is hardness in rocks a function( see Kingsbury 2008)? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | So, what is a population? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | So, what sorts of interactions are required in order for a collection of individuals to constitute a population? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | Too Many Functions? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | What are the benefits of extending the theory in the proposed way? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | Why impose the restriction in the first place? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | Why would anyone accept GSE? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | Why would anyone accept SE? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | Why? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | Yet why restrict functions to items that reproduce? |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | “ Can Biological Teleology be Naturalized? ” Journal of Philosophy 88: 647- 55. |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | “ Is Neural Development Darwinian? ” Trends in Neuroscience 19: 460–64. |
| work_f3ppk7gzrnatxlbedscpeynpt4 | “ Is an Overdose of Paracetamol Bad for One ’s Health? ” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 62: 657–68. |
| work_iyxrmyh2ebb3rp6qm2vpmtvaoy | Can we then conclude that there will be high extinction rates in technological systems with high introduction rates? |
| work_iyxrmyh2ebb3rp6qm2vpmtvaoy | Does this reflect positively on the explanatory value of LVC models, i.e., can we conclude that this is caused by high inter- technology competition? |
| work_iyxrmyh2ebb3rp6qm2vpmtvaoy | So at which stage of the analysis and on what grounds is the model family chosen? |
| work_iyxrmyh2ebb3rp6qm2vpmtvaoy | The first is: which models are chosen as candidates for the list? |
| work_iyxrmyh2ebb3rp6qm2vpmtvaoy | The second is: how can a description and comparison of the behaviour of models play a role in evaluating models and their implications? |
| work_iyxrmyh2ebb3rp6qm2vpmtvaoy | Then, how likely is it that the causal structure X is instantiated in that system? |
| work_iyxrmyh2ebb3rp6qm2vpmtvaoy | “ Who is a Modeler? ” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 58:207- 233. |
| work_jr6obuiokne3tdyluclixakfbm | 3.5 What properties must evolvability have? |
| work_jr6obuiokne3tdyluclixakfbm | Pigliucci, M.[ 2008]: ‘ Is evolvability evolvable? ’, Nature Reviews Genetics, 9, pp. |
| work_jr6obuiokne3tdyluclixakfbm | Sterelny, K.[ 2007]: ‘ What is Evolvability? ’, in M. Matthen and C. Stephens( eds), 2007, Philosophy of Biology( Amsterdam: Elsevier), pp. |
| work_jr6obuiokne3tdyluclixakfbm | What evolvability really is 19 5 What of the Limbs? |
| work_jr6obuiokne3tdyluclixakfbm | ey can vary with respect to their temporal depth — do we want to assess evolvability over thousands of years or millions of years? |
| work_h7nt3mnmyvgehiycu2mcss75fe | But what is the evidence that there is a hindsight bias? |
| work_h7nt3mnmyvgehiycu2mcss75fe | Is it the sense of a coherent story it conveys? |
| work_h7nt3mnmyvgehiycu2mcss75fe | Koriat, Asher( 1993), “ How Do We Know that We Know? |
| work_h7nt3mnmyvgehiycu2mcss75fe | What causes us to accept an explanation? |
| work_h7nt3mnmyvgehiycu2mcss75fe | What conception of understanding is important to theories of expla- nation? |
| work_h7nt3mnmyvgehiycu2mcss75fe | What would this scientific realist account of explanation look like? |
| work_h7nt3mnmyvgehiycu2mcss75fe | What, then, beckons us to make such judgments? |
| work_h7nt3mnmyvgehiycu2mcss75fe | Which of these is the func- tion of scientific explanation? |
| work_h7nt3mnmyvgehiycu2mcss75fe | Why, then, should explanation be essentially tied to a subjective sense of understanding? |
| work_lolqmshljfamfason5n7qfcfli | J. Richards, M. Hayes, R. Schwartzstein Medicine Chest 2020 1 Save Alert Research Feed How should we diagnose disease in palaeopathology? |
| work_kgacjn4hdjhh5oel23kdbgp67y | How, then, can the experimenter determine values for aspects 1 and 2? |
| work_kgacjn4hdjhh5oel23kdbgp67y | So what has gone wrong? |
| work_kgacjn4hdjhh5oel23kdbgp67y | So what is a “ percept ” for Pizlo? |
| work_ielslykvm5cfrjo2r7fipddfsm | 2 question of how we should understand the change in physical quantities? |
| work_ielslykvm5cfrjo2r7fipddfsm | Can it give us new insights into the nature of time in relational quantum theories? |
| work_ielslykvm5cfrjo2r7fipddfsm | Possible Inconsistency Formalism inconsistent? |
| work_ielslykvm5cfrjo2r7fipddfsm | The key question is then: what kind of symmetry is reparametrization invariance – is it manifest? |
| work_ielslykvm5cfrjo2r7fipddfsm | What fruits can it bear when brought back into the domain of physical theory? |
| work_ielslykvm5cfrjo2r7fipddfsm | and is it free or fixed? |
| work_ielslykvm5cfrjo2r7fipddfsm | ‘ Comment on “ Are the spectra of geometrical operators in Loop Quantum Gravity really discrete? ” by B. Dittrich and T. Thiemann ’. |
| work_ielslykvm5cfrjo2r7fipddfsm | ‘ Metaphysical underdetermination: why worry? ’. |
| work_ielslykvm5cfrjo2r7fipddfsm | ‘ Symmetry and Possibility: To Reduce or not Reduce? ’. |
| work_kjstzqkpvvdgpnuaiissc74s7q | Response to Belot''sWhose Devil? |
| work_kjstzqkpvvdgpnuaiissc74s7q | Whose Devil? work_kjstzqkpvvdgpnuaiissc74s7q Which Details? |
| work_kjstzqkpvvdgpnuaiissc74s7q | Which Details?"." |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | 3 What ’s the question and why ask it? |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | 4 Are any laws conditionals? |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | 4.2 Equations and their laws What do the symbols either side of the ‘= ’ sign in the ideal gas law represent? |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | 5 Are all laws conditionals? |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | After all, what ’s the pressure of a government, or the volume of a thought? |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | Anyway, it is hard to conceive how the gas constant R could be a property, after all what kind of a thing would instantiate it? |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | Are any laws conditionals? |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | But is domain restriction sufficient to capture what is going on in the expression of laws? |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | Could the laws of nature change? |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | How is biological explanation possible? |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | Laws are conditionals Abstract Introduction Logical form vs analysis What''s the question and why ask it? |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | Recalcitrant Laws Equations and their laws Miscellaneous laws Are all laws conditionals? |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | What is a law of nature? |
| work_grjyf6l4cveplbv7o4ivznetda | What is a law of nature? |
| work_k2emhnwdtncdzkzdohs3b4cg5e | As a limiting case, what is to prevent taking all logical laws as axioms to begin with? |
| work_k2emhnwdtncdzkzdohs3b4cg5e | How could a logistic system be inherently incomplete? |
| work_k2emhnwdtncdzkzdohs3b4cg5e | How did I allow myself to use this word without defining it? |
| work_k2emhnwdtncdzkzdohs3b4cg5e | is every proof codified by a given system a rigorous proof? |
| work_k2emhnwdtncdzkzdohs3b4cg5e | is every rigorous proof actually codified by the system? |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | But what, then, is grasping? |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | But why? |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | Does such an athlete make progress towards her goal of running 100 meters in 10 seconds? |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | Given that T1 and T2 are equivalent, why should one accept the simpler T1 rather than the more complex T2? |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | How might a proponent of the epistemic account respond to these cases? |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | Is Science Progressive? |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | Is this a plausible way of defending the epistemic account? |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | So why not count such episodes in which raw data is collected as scientifically progressive? |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | What about the epistemic account? |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | “ Is Understanding Explanatory or Objectual? ”, Synthese 190: 1153- 1171. |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | “ Is Understanding Factive? ”, in A. Haddock, A. Millar, and D. Pritchard( eds.) |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | “ Is Understanding a Species of Knowledge? ”, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 57: 515- 35. |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | “ What Has Science to Do with Truth? ”, Synthese 45: 489- 510. |
| work_hhr4jjrwwzexxiosfs56yzrat4 | “ What is Scientific Progress? ”, Noûs 41: 64- 89. |
| work_hcovyombafd5bdvv5qbuqpzuau | ( 1992), Economics: Mathematical Politics or Science of Diminishing Returns? |
| work_hcovyombafd5bdvv5qbuqpzuau | How possibly could cognitive virtue emerge from a context of such individual vice? |
| work_hcovyombafd5bdvv5qbuqpzuau | So how could economics help get around such an argument? |
| work_hcovyombafd5bdvv5qbuqpzuau | So what is the problem? |
| work_hcovyombafd5bdvv5qbuqpzuau | Solomon, M.( 1994),"Is There an Invisible Hand of Reason?" |
| work_hcovyombafd5bdvv5qbuqpzuau | Why Do Biologists Argue like They Do? |
| work_hcovyombafd5bdvv5qbuqpzuau | Why Economics? |
| work_hcovyombafd5bdvv5qbuqpzuau | [ pp. S432-S443] Does Biology Have Laws? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | 3 Is explanation necessary? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | Are there non- causal explanations( of particular events)? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | But what if the veridicality condition is not satisfied? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | Does the counterfactual theory of explanation apply to non- causal explanations in metaphysics? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | Having said that, do we have good reasons to believe that knowing ‘ non- explanatory ’ propositions ca n’t afford understanding? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | How are models and explanations related? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | How can we have factive understanding without( factive) explanation? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | How could models possibly provide how- possibly explanations? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | Inaugurating understanding or repackaging explanation? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | Is there a monist theory of causal and noncausal explanations? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | Is understanding explanatory or objectual? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | Put differently, how could the dependency condition, which appears to be essential for understanding, be satisfied without the veridicality condition? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | Put differently, what if we have a HPE? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | Understanding does not depend on( causal) explanation Abstract Introduction Narrow KAU and the necessity of explanation Is explanation necessary? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | What if the explanans or explanandum are merely possible? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | What if the generalizations are false or not known to be true? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | What makes a scientific explanation distinctively mathematical? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | Why is there universal macrobehavior? |
| work_fctkkip3vzdipkryeluet4putm | Why should theorists who are primarily interested in studying what is actual try to understand what is n’t actual? |
| work_jon42l7w3jgobl2menwuj2efpe | To which, if any, of these types does the term ‘ acid ’ refer! as it was used in the past or today"? |
| work_jon42l7w3jgobl2menwuj2efpe | What about iii? |
| work_jon42l7w3jgobl2menwuj2efpe | “ Can an Agent ’s False Belief Be Cor- rected through an Appropriate Communication? |
| work_jon42l7w3jgobl2menwuj2efpe | “ Do 15-Month- Old Infants Understand False Beliefs? ” Science 308! 8": 255–58. |
| work_jon42l7w3jgobl2menwuj2efpe | “ Do Humans Have Two Systems to Track Beliefs and Belief- Like States? ” Psychological Review 116:953–70. |
| work_jon42l7w3jgobl2menwuj2efpe | “ Early Theory of Mind Competencies: Do Infants Understand Others ’ Beliefs? ” Infancy 15! 4": 434–44. |
| work_jon42l7w3jgobl2menwuj2efpe | “ Infants ’ Insight into the Mind: How Deep? ” Science 308:212–14. |
| work_jon42l7w3jgobl2menwuj2efpe | “ The Empathic Brain: How, When and Why? ” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10! 19": 535–41. |
| work_jon42l7w3jgobl2menwuj2efpe | “ You Want to Know the Truth? |
| work_ifiuo2lbzbhube5nd33adprlmq | Can we seriously attribute to scientists such hazy and immature metaphysical generalizations as refer to ‘ flow ’ and ‘ biff ’? |
| work_ifiuo2lbzbhube5nd33adprlmq | Cartwright, N.[ 1980]: ‘ Do the Laws of Physics State the Facts? ’ Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 61, pp. |
| work_ifiuo2lbzbhube5nd33adprlmq | Cosmides, L.[ 1989]: ‘ The Logic of Social Exchange: Has Natural Selection Shaped How Humans Reason? |
| work_ifiuo2lbzbhube5nd33adprlmq | Could process theories unify the special sciences but not unify them with physics? |
| work_ifiuo2lbzbhube5nd33adprlmq | First, we asked, is it indeed the case that scientists, at least when ‘ advanced ’, do not seek ‘ invariable uniformities of sequence ’? |
| work_ifiuo2lbzbhube5nd33adprlmq | How much does this allow us to concede to causal process theories? |
| work_ifiuo2lbzbhube5nd33adprlmq | Is this enough to show that there are real processes, and so also cases where we might misattribute process, that is, pseudo- processes? |
| work_ifiuo2lbzbhube5nd33adprlmq | Might our verdict then be that scientists instead join the folk in using causal ideas to indicate hypotheses about ‘ biff ’ and ‘ flow ’? |
| work_ifiuo2lbzbhube5nd33adprlmq | Russell ’s Thesis Revisited 29 not, does it follow that they do not seek what are legitimately called causes? |
| work_ifiuo2lbzbhube5nd33adprlmq | What, then, are the things scientists call causes? |
| work_ifiuo2lbzbhube5nd33adprlmq | [ 1998]: ‘ What is Structural Realism? ’ Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 29, pp. |
| work_ifiuo2lbzbhube5nd33adprlmq | [ 2000]: ‘ What ’s Really Wrong With Constructive Empiricism? |
| work_km3xevt5qbe3xhcs3sfbtdvgje | Must a radical probabilist perforce be a radical induc- tive skeptic? |
| work_km3xevt5qbe3xhcs3sfbtdvgje | Or why not ask why one should accept any argument at all? |
| work_km3xevt5qbe3xhcs3sfbtdvgje | What about the dogmatist? |
| work_km3xevt5qbe3xhcs3sfbtdvgje | What if your degrees of belief are not exchangeable? |
| work_km3xevt5qbe3xhcs3sfbtdvgje | “ Was Bayes a Bayesian? ” Historia Mathematica 14:325–46. |
| work_hy5rfatkrvaclg3yvoifemzgoq | Are Gauge Potentials Holonomies? |
| work_hy5rfatkrvaclg3yvoifemzgoq | Are Gauge Potentials Real Bundle Connections? |
| work_hy5rfatkrvaclg3yvoifemzgoq | Are Gauge Potentials Real Vector Fields? |
| work_hy5rfatkrvaclg3yvoifemzgoq | But how seriously should we take this aspect of the mathematics? |
| work_hy5rfatkrvaclg3yvoifemzgoq | But what kind of structures are they, and how is their character best represented mathematically? |
| work_hy5rfatkrvaclg3yvoifemzgoq | But what physical structures do holonomies represent? |
| work_hy5rfatkrvaclg3yvoifemzgoq | Suppose one somehow knew( by divine revelation?) |
| work_hy5rfatkrvaclg3yvoifemzgoq | The question is, what properties and/or relations of what objects could such a connection faithfully represent? |
| work_hy5rfatkrvaclg3yvoifemzgoq | We may therefore formulate the following question:"Is property P of point p equivalent to property Q1 or property Q2 of q, relative to Γ?" |
| work_hy5rfatkrvaclg3yvoifemzgoq | What kind of object is a holonomy? |
| work_l7pvk5f5gvaxlm7v3ztbvli7ae | What about curve fitting? |
| work_l7pvk5f5gvaxlm7v3ztbvli7ae | What about the claim that Hodgkin and Huxley did n’t have enough information for a legitimate causal interpretation? |
| work_l7pvk5f5gvaxlm7v3ztbvli7ae | “ What Was Hodgkin and Huxley ’s Achievement? ” The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 65: 469–92. |
| work_kecebn75mng2lddqew6ec4fqu4 | 5 Symmetries and conservation principles: Noether ’s first theorem Do symmetries of laws of motion15 entail conservation principles and conversely? |
| work_kecebn75mng2lddqew6ec4fqu4 | 9 an invertible q x q matrix Ajk of differentiable functions such that ∆k= A j kELj, and( b) how hard is it to satisfy these conditions? |
| work_kecebn75mng2lddqew6ec4fqu4 | The connection is forged by asking the seemingly naive question: In what sense is the cosmological constant a constant? |
| work_kecebn75mng2lddqew6ec4fqu4 | What Is a Law of Nature? |
| work_kecebn75mng2lddqew6ec4fqu4 | gauge invariant) structure of the world corresponding to the gauge theory presented in the Higgs mech- anism? |
| work_kgasu7xjzzhhbapfwjjjsu6gd4 | By what links are the organs excited? |
| work_kgasu7xjzzhhbapfwjjjsu6gd4 | Eliminating Emotions? |
| work_kgasu7xjzzhhbapfwjjjsu6gd4 | Is Emotion a Natural Kind? |
| work_kgasu7xjzzhhbapfwjjjsu6gd4 | Realism, Essence, and Kind: Resuscitating Species Essentialism? |
| work_kgasu7xjzzhhbapfwjjjsu6gd4 | Was''The Expression of Emotions''a misleading phrase? |
| work_kgasu7xjzzhhbapfwjjjsu6gd4 | What do I mean by ‘ natural kind ’? |
| work_kgasu7xjzzhhbapfwjjjsu6gd4 | What is a gene? |
| work_jzynnsdngrajtabawvxgigzscy | As in: How is this thing supposed to work? |
| work_jzynnsdngrajtabawvxgigzscy | By asking: How does this thing work? |
| work_jzynnsdngrajtabawvxgigzscy | In other words: What happens when the explanandum is interpreted norma- tively? |
| work_jzynnsdngrajtabawvxgigzscy | What about human action? |
| work_jzynnsdngrajtabawvxgigzscy | What is the ensuing picture of artefact explanation? |
| work_k6f3i6okwrgznnh5vo6qitlxry | ( 2009), “ Can We Know the Global Structure of Space- time? ” Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 40: 53- 56. |
| work_k6f3i6okwrgznnh5vo6qitlxry | ( 2016b), “ Is the Universe As Large as It Can Be? ” Forthcoming in Erkenntnis. |
| work_k6f3i6okwrgznnh5vo6qitlxry | 5 Epistemology What observational evidence is there( or could there be) in support of the position that spacetime is “ as large as it can be ”? |
| work_k6f3i6okwrgznnh5vo6qitlxry | Are there physically reasonable properties P which render(*) true? |
| work_k6f3i6okwrgznnh5vo6qitlxry | But are there physically reasonable properties P which render(**) false? |
| work_k6f3i6okwrgznnh5vo6qitlxry | But what should this class be? |
| work_k6f3i6okwrgznnh5vo6qitlxry | Then should n’t Misner* be considered “ as large as it can be ”? |
| work_k6f3i6okwrgznnh5vo6qitlxry | “ What is a Physically Reasonable Spacetime? ” Philosophy of Science, 78: 410- 420. |
| work_kyccmwpkdzfmpj3wxjrup3uozu | But is this Curie ’s principle? |
| work_kyccmwpkdzfmpj3wxjrup3uozu | How does the instantaneous state of an ordinary classical system like this one change under time reversal? |
| work_kyccmwpkdzfmpj3wxjrup3uozu | How does time reversal transform these initial and final states? |
| work_kyccmwpkdzfmpj3wxjrup3uozu | What now does it mean to say that a quantum system is time reversal invariant? |
| work_katih7uterg35ox6nm75clltd4 | And what aspects or features of it lend themselves to philosophical theorising and investigation? |
| work_katih7uterg35ox6nm75clltd4 | But what exactly is it? |
| work_katih7uterg35ox6nm75clltd4 | Microsoft Word- Prospects of GPoS- Psillos- final What is General Philosophy of Science? |
| work_katih7uterg35ox6nm75clltd4 | We need a fresh perspective on general philosophy of science; but do n’t we, first of all, need a fresh conception of science in general? |
| work_katih7uterg35ox6nm75clltd4 | Why, one may ask, is this more stereoscopic view of reality required? |
| work_m3gps22qqvaifoxaye3khjff7i | We can then ask: for which H, O, and K do Roche and Sober take( 2) to be true? |
| work_m3gps22qqvaifoxaye3khjff7i | What about SOT? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | ( How many of the chairs are black? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | ? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | But there is a further question: Why is it that our credence should move in this way? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | But why am I entitled to assume this, given that mistakes about basic probabilistic matters are not uncommon? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | Does Bayesianism have the resources to explain this? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | How can this be explained? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | How can you do both? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | How many of the ravens? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | How many red things are there, and what percentage are ravens? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | How, then, can the evidential relations be appropriately sensitive to background information? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | If so, what is the asymmetry? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | Is there a deeper reason for this? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | Is there a deeper reason why these epistemic dependence relations hold? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | Next, how many white things are there, and what percentage of them are ravens? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | Now, what percentage of them are ravens? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | Rosenkrantz, Roger( 1982), “ Does the Philosophy of Induction Rest on a Mistake? ”, Journal of Philosophy 79: 78–97. |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | The crucial question is, how? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | What is wrong with A3, and why is it that we should retain A2 at the expense of A3? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | Why is this, given that all ravens are black if and only if all non- black things are non- ravens? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | ~B 0? |
| work_cpjoobqvf5hifnyd6oe4e7x2vi | ~B 0? |
| work_lujapkun6jh5njlwxppm26yfki | # 03275 UCP: PHOS article# 710108 namely that I had taken M0? |
| work_lujapkun6jh5njlwxppm26yfki | How are we supposed to get that? |
| work_hn2jhwvvizgzzo47gdzksqxgtq | ), and what patterns of sharpening are at work( are the results smooth? |
| work_hn2jhwvvizgzzo47gdzksqxgtq | Are belief states stake- sensitive, or not? |
| work_hn2jhwvvizgzzo47gdzksqxgtq | Does the strength of a particular belief depend upon the significance we attach to it? |
| work_hn2jhwvvizgzzo47gdzksqxgtq | Is stake- sensitivity a source of indeterminacy that motivates treatments of imprecise belief? |
| work_hn2jhwvvizgzzo47gdzksqxgtq | So if stake- sensitivity of belief differs from these other sensitivities, what is it? |
| work_hn2jhwvvizgzzo47gdzksqxgtq | Stake- sensitive belief? |
| work_hn2jhwvvizgzzo47gdzksqxgtq | To explore this in detail we need to consider what constitutes a basis for a clear choice( must all committee members endorse it? |
| work_hn2jhwvvizgzzo47gdzksqxgtq | What, if anything, is different about your belief that the yellow toadstool example is in the last section of the paper? |
| work_hn2jhwvvizgzzo47gdzksqxgtq | What, if anything, might be different for you in the two situations? |
| work_hn2jhwvvizgzzo47gdzksqxgtq | symmetric?). |
| work_hn2jhwvvizgzzo47gdzksqxgtq | unimodal? |
| work_hn2jhwvvizgzzo47gdzksqxgtq | “ Can We Do Without Pragmatic Encroachment? ” Philosophical Perspectives 19: 417- 443. |
| work_mevw4vudavasnh3e26u6ahv4ke | How does this bear on the agent''s choices? |
| work_lx6zt7sqyvchzfpd6cle7mg234 | Can spacetime be a condensate? |
| work_lx6zt7sqyvchzfpd6cle7mg234 | What is renormalization? |
| work_jfhxg3atkrbjhbpov3j7ycicwy | Do human kinds really change more quickly than bacteria and viruses mutate? |
| work_jfhxg3atkrbjhbpov3j7ycicwy | Do n’t we need to get straight about natural kinds before we can decide whether human kinds are distinct? |
| work_jfhxg3atkrbjhbpov3j7ycicwy | Given this uncertainty concerning the nature of natural kinds, is there any way of determining whether human kinds are natural kinds? |
| work_jfhxg3atkrbjhbpov3j7ycicwy | Hull, D.[ 1976]: ‘ Are Species Really Individuals? ’, Systematic Zoology, 25, pp.174- 91. |
| work_jfhxg3atkrbjhbpov3j7ycicwy | [ 2000]: The Social Construction of What?, Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. |
| work_l3kfn6vhavdgfafqi5gqourclu | For example: What kinds of deficit in categorization performance would result from a lesion in bilateral hippocampus? |
| work_l3kfn6vhavdgfafqi5gqourclu | If someone has a specific def- icit in categorization performance, how might we fix it? |
| work_l3kfn6vhavdgfafqi5gqourclu | Where might the problem lie? |
| work_l3kfn6vhavdgfafqi5gqourclu | Why, according to Weiskopf, are these causal structures not mechanisms? |
| work_lbzncejuizfidl3cc325sv6oly | ( 0)0 they increase the complexity of the system infinitely, or by just one''proposition'', or some amount in between? |
| work_lbzncejuizfidl3cc325sv6oly | Bigelow, J., Collins, J. and Pargetter, R.[ 1993]:''The Big Bad Bug: What Are the Humean''s Chances? |
| work_lbzncejuizfidl3cc325sv6oly | But, we might ask: which laws? |
| work_lbzncejuizfidl3cc325sv6oly | What might this fourth argument be? |
| work_lbzncejuizfidl3cc325sv6oly | [ 2007]:''Deterministic Chance? |
| work_jebeiromxfax5oo4exwikwdlvq | 333 Conservation Laws in Scientific Explanations: Constraints or Coincidences? |
| work_jebeiromxfax5oo4exwikwdlvq | Conservation Laws in Scientific Explanations: Constraints or Coincidences? |
| work_jebeiromxfax5oo4exwikwdlvq | Conservation Laws in Scientific Explanations: Constraints or Coincidences? |
| work_jebeiromxfax5oo4exwikwdlvq | Does baryon- number conservation explain why the proton is stable? |
| work_jebeiromxfax5oo4exwikwdlvq | Examples of these are the principles of conservation. ” What sort of unification would a grand conservation law thus produce? |
| work_jebeiromxfax5oo4exwikwdlvq | “ How Does the Potential Energy of a Rising Helium- Filled Balloon Change? ” Physics Teacher 40:164–65. |
| work_jebeiromxfax5oo4exwikwdlvq | “ Unification: It ’s Magnificent but Is It Explan- atory? ” Synthese 120:27–47. |
| work_jebeiromxfax5oo4exwikwdlvq | “ What Is the Theory of Relativity? ” In Ideas and Opinions, 27–32. |
| work_kbbk6mwzgzgitmzptsas6k6a3m | ), Why Teach Physics? |
| work_kbbk6mwzgzgitmzptsas6k6a3m | Can The History of Science Help Science Educators Anticipate Students‟ Misconceptions? |
| work_kbbk6mwzgzgitmzptsas6k6a3m | Can we Speak of Alternatives Frameworks and Conceptual Change in Mechanics? |
| work_kbbk6mwzgzgitmzptsas6k6a3m | Conceptual Change or Conceptual Profile Change? |
| work_kbbk6mwzgzgitmzptsas6k6a3m | Didactical Structures as an Outcome of Research on Teaching- Learning Sequences? |
| work_kbbk6mwzgzgitmzptsas6k6a3m | History, Philosophy and Science Teaching: Some Answers to"How?" |
| work_kbbk6mwzgzgitmzptsas6k6a3m | Systematic Reviews of Research in Science Education: Rigour or Rigidity? |
| work_j6aiebot2bfihji2i3eplzuzjq | 10 Copyright Philosophy of Science 2017 Preprint( not copyedited or formatted) Please use DOI when citing or quoting thing? |
| work_j6aiebot2bfihji2i3eplzuzjq | 5 A disanalogy with regularity relationalism? |
| work_j6aiebot2bfihji2i3eplzuzjq | In fact, why did we ever care about Separability? |
| work_j6aiebot2bfihji2i3eplzuzjq | Pooley, for instance, worries that the approach could be used to reduce even the temporal metric and the Leibnizian relations( 2013, 567)? |
| work_j6aiebot2bfihji2i3eplzuzjq | Simply because its name is similar to a previous condition we cared about? |
| work_j6aiebot2bfihji2i3eplzuzjq | What is matter? |
| work_j6aiebot2bfihji2i3eplzuzjq | Where does this leave us? |
| work_j6aiebot2bfihji2i3eplzuzjq | Why be humean? |
| work_j6aiebot2bfihji2i3eplzuzjq | Why might we be motivated to hold Supervenience? |
| work_j6aiebot2bfihji2i3eplzuzjq | “ What ’s in a name? ” Why should we care whether this new condition is satisified or not? |
| work_j6aiebot2bfihji2i3eplzuzjq | “ What ’s in a name? ” Why should we care whether this new condition is satisified or not? |
| work_jswzt3nkjfhrle3o37durw6cai | ( 1988),"Differences Between Adult and Infant Cognition: Is the Crucial Vari- able Presence or Absence of Language? |
| work_jswzt3nkjfhrle3o37durw6cai | ( 1991),"Knowledge Acquisition: Enrichment or Conceptual Change? |
| work_jswzt3nkjfhrle3o37durw6cai | ( 1992),"How Do Scientists Think? |
| work_jswzt3nkjfhrle3o37durw6cai | Are studies of the emergence and modification of scientific theories and studies of cognitive development in children mutually illu- minating? |
| work_jswzt3nkjfhrle3o37durw6cai | Are the systems of knowledge that underlie these inferences like the theories of scientists? |
| work_jswzt3nkjfhrle3o37durw6cai | Grant, and S. Baron- Cohen( 1995),"Is There a Social Module? |
| work_jswzt3nkjfhrle3o37durw6cai | Trick, L. and Z. Pylyshyn( 1994),"Why Are Small and Large Numbers Enumerated Dif- ferently? |
| work_jswzt3nkjfhrle3o37durw6cai | Uller, C., S. Carey, G. Huntley- Fenner, and L. Klatt( 1996),"What Representations Might Underlie Infant Numerical Knowledge? |
| work_jswzt3nkjfhrle3o37durw6cai | Why not allow each system to operate in blissful isolation from the other? |
| work_jswzt3nkjfhrle3o37durw6cai | Wiser, M.( 1988a),"Can Models Foster Conceptual Change? |
| work_joz4l746kngllitfgvlztltnqu | , Tn−1 which proved to be empirically inadequate although they once were the best scientific theory? |
| work_joz4l746kngllitfgvlztltnqu | 6 s′ and h is the posterior probability of H, p(H|S), greater than 1/2? |
| work_joz4l746kngllitfgvlztltnqu | Are things thus hopeless for the realist who wants to convince the anti- realist that the NMA is a good argument? |
| work_joz4l746kngllitfgvlztltnqu | Does “ all realistic hope of resuscitating the[ no miracles] argument[ fail] ”, as Howson( 2013, 211) writes? |
| work_joz4l746kngllitfgvlztltnqu | If our best scientific theories did not correctly describe the world, why should we expect them to be successful? |
| work_joz4l746kngllitfgvlztltnqu | Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds? |
| work_joz4l746kngllitfgvlztltnqu | That is, when would it be more plausible to believe that T is empirically adequate than to deny it? |
| work_joz4l746kngllitfgvlztltnqu | What do these considerations show? |
| work_joz4l746kngllitfgvlztltnqu | Who is a Modeler? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | Are they imposed on us by logic? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | But are the arguments analogous and do they establish the same kind of conventionalism? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | But how are his neo- Kantianism and conventionalism related to his structuralism? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | Can we read this argument as establishing geometric conventionalism and what would the conventionalist thesis amount to in this context? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | Does the harmony the human intelligence thinks it discovers in nature exist outside of this intelligence? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | Is geometry derived from experience? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | Is space revealed to us by our senses? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | Or do they aim at providing true descriptions of the unobservable world? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | Poincaré''s Philosophy of Geometry, or does Geometric Conventionalism Deserve its Name? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | Structural Realism: The best of both worlds?. |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | What is the scope of Poincaré ’s conventionalism and how does it relate to his structuralism and his general philosophy of science? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | What then are we to think about the question: Is Euclidean geometry true? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | Whence are the first principles of geometry derived? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | Why? |
| work_h3xqp4v3l5dybk7ja5r4uxfbsa | relations are known to us, what does it matter if we think it convenient to replace one image by another? |
| work_lf2vvwewfjcx3jjp37m7wajlfi | 1 2.4 The Mass on the Dome or the Mass in the Air? |
| work_lf2vvwewfjcx3jjp37m7wajlfi | 12 2.4 The Mass on the Dome or the Mass in the Air? |
| work_lf2vvwewfjcx3jjp37m7wajlfi | 4.3 The Mass on the Dome and Time Irreversibility What does it all have to do with the mass- on- the- dome example? |
| work_lf2vvwewfjcx3jjp37m7wajlfi | Fix some finite 1k, place a( point) mass on the top of the dome, and … Will the mass move down? |
| work_lf2vvwewfjcx3jjp37m7wajlfi | What about the initiating cause that sets the mass in motion in the first place? |
| work_lf2vvwewfjcx3jjp37m7wajlfi | Which one and why? |
| work_ivxhn7bg3fc6tjue3o36tyn4aa | 2 Different Disciplines, Different Functions 9 What is between- discipline pluralism? |
| work_ivxhn7bg3fc6tjue3o36tyn4aa | 3 Two Arguments for Between- Discipline Pluralism 14 Why would anyone accept between- discipline pluralism? |
| work_ivxhn7bg3fc6tjue3o36tyn4aa | 38 Maclaurin, J. and Sterelny, K.[ 2008]: What is Biodiversity?, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. |
| work_ivxhn7bg3fc6tjue3o36tyn4aa | Doolittle, W. F.[ 2013]: ‘ Is Junk DNA Bunk? |
| work_ivxhn7bg3fc6tjue3o36tyn4aa | For suppose one were to ask, ‘ Why is this specific neuron, in the kitten ’s visual cortex, monocularly- driven? |
| work_ivxhn7bg3fc6tjue3o36tyn4aa | For suppose one were to ask, ‘ why does that organism do that? ’ An appropriate answer is, ‘ because that behavior results in a reward ’. |
| work_ivxhn7bg3fc6tjue3o36tyn4aa | Mitchell, S. D.[ 1993]: ‘ Dispositions or Etiologies? |
| work_ivxhn7bg3fc6tjue3o36tyn4aa | Why would anyone accept SE- CR pluralism? |
| work_ivxhn7bg3fc6tjue3o36tyn4aa | [ 1998]: ‘ Why is a Wing Like a Spoon? |
| work_is7fs2y4xfelhiayeomegrjwr4 | 4 1.3 A new folklore? |
| work_is7fs2y4xfelhiayeomegrjwr4 | If one takes a theory to be a set M of models, the question is: Is( HB) true in every model in M? |
| work_is7fs2y4xfelhiayeomegrjwr4 | If one takes a theory to be a set T of sentences, the question is: Does T logically entail( HB)? |
| work_is7fs2y4xfelhiayeomegrjwr4 | In what sense, then, is it an achievement to have discerned those ob- jects with those sets? |
| work_is7fs2y4xfelhiayeomegrjwr4 | Indeed: since( Req1) already demands that the quantities be physical, why do we need any further requirement? |
| work_is7fs2y4xfelhiayeomegrjwr4 | Is D(N) a physical relation for any N? |
| work_is7fs2y4xfelhiayeomegrjwr4 | Is( HB) a logical consequence of T, or true in all models in M — at least when the first- order variables are restricted to quantum particles? |
| work_is7fs2y4xfelhiayeomegrjwr4 | Saunders, S.( 2006), ‘ Are Quantum Particles Objects? ’, Analysis 66, pp. |
| work_is7fs2y4xfelhiayeomegrjwr4 | Then what might count as a prop- erty? |
| work_is7fs2y4xfelhiayeomegrjwr4 | This result appears to entail that Leibniz ’s Principle is pandemically false in quantum theory.3 1.3 A new folklore? |
| work_is7fs2y4xfelhiayeomegrjwr4 | Why only quantify over the properties for which we have the corresponding pred- icates? |
| work_jjas3y6llff7ndd2a6fojtd2ku | Are these efforts of ‘ ‘ postcolonial biology ’ ’ indeed a manifestation of the same imperative? |
| work_jjas3y6llff7ndd2a6fojtd2ku | How can we complement selective, historical and other types( e.g., structuralist) of evolutionary explanations? |
| work_jjas3y6llff7ndd2a6fojtd2ku | If so, how might engaged biologists and philosophers help build a fairer and kinder system of power relations? |
| work_jjas3y6llff7ndd2a6fojtd2ku | Is phylogenetic inference fundamentally( and without remainder) abductive, deductive, or inductive? |
| work_jjas3y6llff7ndd2a6fojtd2ku | Is the Tree of Life a real entity, an instrumental model, or a metaphor? |
| work_jjas3y6llff7ndd2a6fojtd2ku | Specific questions addressed here include: What is the appropriate relation between classification( grouping) and taxonomy( naming)? |
| work_jjas3y6llff7ndd2a6fojtd2ku | What exactly is Darwinism, and is it co- extensive with evolutionary biology? |
| work_jjas3y6llff7ndd2a6fojtd2ku | What kind of thing is a biological species? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | 2]: • Is this theory consistent? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | 4? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | ? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | ? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | ? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | ? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | ? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | Can we justify our belief in the ex- istence of other minds and how? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | How can we decide which out of a group of competing theories is the best? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | How can we get rid of false theories? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | How can we justify our theories or beliefs? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | How does our knowledge grow? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | Is it possible to justify our theories rationally? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | Is the theory that other minds exist better or worse than the theory that they do not? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | PPPPPPPq? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | Should the history of science be rated X? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | This led through various trials and errors to a new problem: how can we provide the roads and parking places needed for your cars? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | We have a tendency 9? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | What are good ways of criticising theories What does a justification consist of? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | What can we know? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | justificationist anti- justificationist What do we know? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | • Does it, maybe, solve some other problem? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | • Does this theory successfully solve the problem it was put forward to solve? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | • Is this theory better than its rivals? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | • Is this theory consistent with observed facts? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | • Is this theory empirical? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | • Is this theory in conflict with some element of the dominant cultural worldview? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | • Is this theory in conflict with some other scientific theory that is well established? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | • Is this theory in conflict with the methodology of its parent discipline? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | • What makes one theory better than another? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | • What problem is this theory intended to solve? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | • Why do scientists reject some theories? |
| work_dn27zvdgp5d6nnkovky463iyim | � � � � � � �)? |
| work_jajnfdt3vzhsla3qd3sexbff5u | 5 But: How long is long enough? |
| work_jajnfdt3vzhsla3qd3sexbff5u | 5 Short- term probabilities of what? |
| work_jajnfdt3vzhsla3qd3sexbff5u | Fitness and propensity ’s annulment? |
| work_jajnfdt3vzhsla3qd3sexbff5u | My focus will instead be on what I call the “ What function? ” problem. |
| work_jajnfdt3vzhsla3qd3sexbff5u | Such “ Function of what? ” problems might be solved by arguing that some other kind of probability plays the appropriate role. |
| work_jajnfdt3vzhsla3qd3sexbff5u | What determines fitness? |
| work_jajnfdt3vzhsla3qd3sexbff5u | What if the entire population goes extinct before that time? |
| work_mrmynthe3rdhnk6dirpkd7vqaq | ? For a discussion of measurement problems in terms of density matrices, see[ 4], pp. |
| work_jdp32fp23fcytkluystf65ygly | But how can the effect supposed to be represented be investigated? |
| work_jdp32fp23fcytkluystf65ygly | But how to vary the coupling parameter in this case? |
| work_jdp32fp23fcytkluystf65ygly | But is the discrete mathematical model a mathematical model of the infinite cylinder? |
| work_jdp32fp23fcytkluystf65ygly | But why there? |
| work_jdp32fp23fcytkluystf65ygly | Could this something be anything? |
| work_jdp32fp23fcytkluystf65ygly | Could we not have, very early on, assigned a value to the force function? |
| work_jdp32fp23fcytkluystf65ygly | How to assess its physical relevance? |
| work_jdp32fp23fcytkluystf65ygly | How to clarify the effect it has on the development of three- dimensional instabilities in the wake? |
| work_jdp32fp23fcytkluystf65ygly | In what sense is it possible in a way that was not possible before? |
| work_jdp32fp23fcytkluystf65ygly | The question here is: what happens if instead of two wakes, there is a row of wakes? |
| work_jdp32fp23fcytkluystf65ygly | What characterizes a model as representational? |
| work_jdp32fp23fcytkluystf65ygly | Where have all the theories gone? |
| work_jdp32fp23fcytkluystf65ygly | Where then, in the hierarchy of models, do we start finding representational models? |
| work_lotfcyqmljedth5yqizfcjdpyq | 7 Now, from the OSR understanding of generic entanglement in( the algebraic approach to) RQFT, what can be said about the ontology of the theory? |
| work_lotfcyqmljedth5yqizfcjdpyq | Are quantum particles objects? |
| work_lotfcyqmljedth5yqizfcjdpyq | No Place for Particles in Relativistic Quantum Theories? |
| work_lotfcyqmljedth5yqizfcjdpyq | What is ontic structural realism? |
| work_lotfcyqmljedth5yqizfcjdpyq | What is structural realism? |
| work_imvjpro4dbbyxbr46s3s32i7um | Is Aldo Leopold''s ‘ Land Community ’ an Individual? |
| work_imvjpro4dbbyxbr46s3s32i7um | Are Humans Interdependent with Other Members of the Land Community? |
| work_imvjpro4dbbyxbr46s3s32i7um | Does interdependence consist only of “ positive ” causal interactions, or are “ negative ” interactions included as well? |
| work_imvjpro4dbbyxbr46s3s32i7um | Does “ Interdependence ” Result Only from Positive Interactions? |
| work_imvjpro4dbbyxbr46s3s32i7um | Is it really correct to say, as Leopold does, that “ all parts of the land, including ourselves, prosper or decline together ”? |
| work_imvjpro4dbbyxbr46s3s32i7um | Second, are the interactions negative for organisms, populations, or the whole land community? |
| work_imvjpro4dbbyxbr46s3s32i7um | This prompts a series of questions: are humans included in the community of interdependent parts? |
| work_imvjpro4dbbyxbr46s3s32i7um | What Constitutes a “ Negative ” or “ Positive ” Causal Interaction? |
| work_imvjpro4dbbyxbr46s3s32i7um | What entities are the causal interactions between and what do they have effects on? |
| work_imvjpro4dbbyxbr46s3s32i7um | What makes an interaction “ positive ” or “ negative ”? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | 13 2.2 Maxwell against the aether? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | 2.1 Pre- modern fields? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | Are any of the conditions in FL ineliminable? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | Could Einstein have convinced Newton to see gravity in a twentieth- century way? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | Could Worrall and contemporary structuralists simply push the timing of their analysis into the twentieth century? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | Did the two men ’s meta- scientific ideas about evidence and argument align? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | Do n’t we use FL today? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | Does this his- tory affect a structural realist ’s philosophical conclusions about Fresnel ’s Laws? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | For example, is an exceptionless generalization which has been specified to a particular physical application a “ ceteris paribus law ”? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | Historical objections ask why a philosopher should believe their colleague now, when science ’s picture of the world has changed so often? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | Or only a law with a theoretically- removable “ proviso ”( after Hempel 1988)? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | Strictly speaking, on this view, has there ever been a scientific explanation? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | What about the specific ceteris paribus clauses in FL? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | What else should scientific realists take for building a metaphysics than that which has survived centuries of intellectual upheaval? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | What is the best defence the scientist can make? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | What will the pic- ture be next year? |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | “ Is Structural Realism the Best of Both Worlds? ” Dialectica 49( 1): 15–46. |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | “ Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Research? ” In The Essential Tension: Selected studies of scientific tradition and change, 266–292. |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | “ Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds? ” Dialectica 43( 1- 2): 99 – 124.. |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | “ The Structure, the Whole Structure, and Nothing but the Structure? ” Philosophy of Science 73( 5): 560–570. |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | “ What Is “ Realism ’ ’? ” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 76:177 – 194. |
| work_fj4c2vgqefdjhmaezundqrbhzq | “ What is structural realism? ” Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part A 29( 3): 409–424. |
| work_loz6d74ykvbupmqfist3rxacdi | Should Galileo ’s contemporaries have objected by noting the then speculative nature of space travel? |
| work_loz6d74ykvbupmqfist3rxacdi | Why should the burden of proof lie that way? |
| work_loz6d74ykvbupmqfist3rxacdi | [ 1985]: ‘ Do We See though a Microscope? ’, in P. M. Churchland and C. A. Hooker( eds. |
| work_k2s6ej72urfgbhihf4r2soz6t4 | ?). |
| work_k2s6ej72urfgbhihf4r2soz6t4 | Are conservation laws metaphysically necessary? |
| work_k2s6ej72urfgbhihf4r2soz6t4 | European Journal for Philosophy of Science( 2020) 10: 23Page 10 of 1323 4 Naturalized metaphysics from physics? |
| work_k2s6ej72urfgbhihf4r2soz6t4 | What is a law of nature?. |
| work_k2s6ej72urfgbhihf4r2soz6t4 | Which symmetry? |
| work_k2dtibdozrdubcl3qhwdrxqake | And if there is some reason that privileges one description over another, do the paradoxes not return if we are so ignorant that we do not know it? |
| work_k2dtibdozrdubcl3qhwdrxqake | Conclusion How should an epistemic state of ignorance be represented? |
| work_k2dtibdozrdubcl3qhwdrxqake | How could we ever doubt the notion that, if we have no grounds at all to pick between two outcomes, then we should hold the same belief for each? |
| work_k2dtibdozrdubcl3qhwdrxqake | How will that affect our distribution of belief? |
| work_k2dtibdozrdubcl3qhwdrxqake | Might such a state really arise in some non- trivial problem? |
| work_k2dtibdozrdubcl3qhwdrxqake | Must we forgo it and limit our inductive logics to states of greater or lesser ignorance only? |
| work_k2dtibdozrdubcl3qhwdrxqake | What Should We Learn from the Paradoxes? |
| work_k2dtibdozrdubcl3qhwdrxqake | What is our prior probability density p(x) for x? |
| work_k2dtibdozrdubcl3qhwdrxqake | What of the hope that we may identify an ignorance belief state worthy of the name? |
| work_k2dtibdozrdubcl3qhwdrxqake | What of the remaining messages? |
| work_k2dtibdozrdubcl3qhwdrxqake | “ sea ”? |
| work_k2dtibdozrdubcl3qhwdrxqake | “ ∼sea ”? |
| work_la3ihj42c5gjzblueuz2ekztji | What is Philosophy? |
| work_la3ihj42c5gjzblueuz2ekztji | “ How much do oceans add to world ’s oxygen? ”< http://Earthsky.org/Earth/how-much-do-oceans-add-to-worlds-oxygen> Guattari, F.( 2008). |
| work_la3ihj42c5gjzblueuz2ekztji | “ Is There Really an Entire Ocean Hidden Somewhere on Earth? ” Science ABC. |
| work_la3ihj42c5gjzblueuz2ekztji | “ What are Phytoplankton? ” NASA Earth Observatory. |
| work_jflnto6d3ndfvfeksb5lvwermy | 4 Prospects for a Naturalized Metaphysics What responses remain open to the aspiring naturalized metaphysician? |
| work_jflnto6d3ndfvfeksb5lvwermy | But how are we supposed to determine how close an entity is, or the relative ordering of various entities? |
| work_jflnto6d3ndfvfeksb5lvwermy | Does Science License Metaphysics? |
| work_jflnto6d3ndfvfeksb5lvwermy | Does physics answer metaphysical questions? |
| work_jflnto6d3ndfvfeksb5lvwermy | How might we determine the relative proximity to the empirical of more di � cult cases, like between( say) an elec- tron and its electric charge? |
| work_jflnto6d3ndfvfeksb5lvwermy | Only after settling the question of which is more directly detectable( substances or properties?) |
| work_me3eewifgjdnjbfyamk55zi3yi | How equal do things have to be in order for the core structure to give rise to the robust property? |
| work_me3eewifgjdnjbfyamk55zi3yi | How frequently is the common structure instantiated in the relevant kind of system? |
| work_me3eewifgjdnjbfyamk55zi3yi | Is this move from a mathematical fact to an empirical claim as illicit as Orzack and Sober claim? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | 295 What Is It like to Feel Another ’s Pain? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | Are both components active? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | But if one experiences vicarious pain, then what happens? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | But if this is so, then two related questions arise: Why should affective sharing give rise to the belief that the target is in pain? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | Can one experience or share another ’s pain? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | However, to what extent are the experiences of standard pain and vicarious pain similar? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | If so, then how could sharing another ’s pain lead an empathizer to believing that another is in pain and to ascribing pain to him? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | Is it just a mere artifact due to experimental differences? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | Or does it reveal a more fundamental distinction between two distinct species of vicarious pain? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | The question then arises, how do affective sharing and affective mind reading interact with each other? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | The question we want to address is, to what extent can you share my pain in my right foot as a result of your becoming aware of my injury? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | What Is It like to Feel Another ’s Pain? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | What Is It like to Feel Another ’s Pain?. |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | What Is It like to Feel Another''s Pain? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | What does it take to undergo a vicarious experience of pain? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | What is the function of the experience of pain in a task of pain ascription? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | Why not both at the same time? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | Why this neural dissociation? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | “ Can We Share a Pain We Never Felt? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | “ Does Rejection Hurt? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | “ Freez- ing or Escaping? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | “ How Do We Empathize with Someone Who Is Not like Us? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | “ How Do We Perceive the Pain of Others? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | “ Is the Extrastriate Body Area( EBA) Sensitive to the Perception of Pain in Others? ” Cerebral Cortex 18( 10): 2369–73. |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | “ Vicarious Pain: Imagination, Mirroring or Perception? ” In Perception and Its Modalities, ed. |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | “ What Are You Feeling? |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | “ Why Pretend? ” In The Architecture of the Imagination, ed. |
| work_dre2xbnlrrgwnibhi43b5zuoae | � ijn_00753496 � https://jeannicod.ccsd.cnrs.fr/ijn_00753496 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr What Is It like to Feel Another ’s Pain? |
| work_lzsbkjlh7fgaxajbdkemurxjwm | How frequently does a phenomenon need to occur in order for it to count as a stable generalization requiring explanation via mechanisms? |
| work_lzsbkjlh7fgaxajbdkemurxjwm | How regularly do the start- up and termination conditions need to be connected, in order for the intervening causal chain to count as a mechanism? |
| work_lzsbkjlh7fgaxajbdkemurxjwm | “ Can Mechanisms Really Replace Laws of Nature? ” Philosophy of Science 77: 317- 40. |
| work_m2yevwxc2jaflaoczu24axrz7y | But what of parameter values? |
| work_m2yevwxc2jaflaoczu24axrz7y | Perhaps the enlarged basin of attraction described here is an artifact of the choice to limit the dynamic model to a single hare- hunting strategy? |
| work_m2yevwxc2jaflaoczu24axrz7y | “ Negotiation over Offspring Care: How Should Parents Respond to Each Other ’s Efforts? ” Behavioral Ecology 17:818–27. |
| work_m2yevwxc2jaflaoczu24axrz7y | “ Why Imitate, and If So, How? |
| work_lwzqyl36h5aqlcjgfhojw5x6ma | ( 3.2) If( 3.2), but instead of( 3.1) its converse f( Y-)[-- s, f( ff)=> y- E- Fs? |
| work_lwzqyl36h5aqlcjgfhojw5x6ma | Copyright? |
| work_lwzqyl36h5aqlcjgfhojw5x6ma | If instead of( 7.4) its converse F( 4? |
| work_lwzqyl36h5aqlcjgfhojw5x6ma | Iff is a weak representation of L in L''with respect to S and S'', then( i)( Vx''E S%''_)(Rf({x''})= Mod({fu: x''k f(u)}) n s.? |
| work_mfvluvyt5vh4hf7eiz3bldsot4 | The Embedded Neuron, The Enactive Field? |
| work_mfvluvyt5vh4hf7eiz3bldsot4 | Where Have All the Theories Gone? |
| work_mfvluvyt5vh4hf7eiz3bldsot4 | Is That a Fact? |
| work_n6oxccsunvc7lo7e4zho6uizfi | Looking for a formerly published Socrates site? |
| work_iebq7yehwrghpe62fvjrkemztm | How can the distinction exist if there is no difference between true negative and false positive sentences? |
| work_iebq7yehwrghpe62fvjrkemztm | And concerning true negative sentences such as''John is not in this room''what objective facts if any are their truth makers? |
| work_iebq7yehwrghpe62fvjrkemztm | But in what sense is it necessary that in a positive- negative pair of facts at any one time one of the facts exists? |
| work_iebq7yehwrghpe62fvjrkemztm | But what is involved in giving a"description"or a"complete description"of the world? |
| work_iebq7yehwrghpe62fvjrkemztm | Copyright? |
| work_iebq7yehwrghpe62fvjrkemztm | Does''--p''negate-p or does it affirm p- or both? |
| work_iebq7yehwrghpe62fvjrkemztm | Finally,"How can false sentences that do not have a( correspondence) relation to anything nevertheless( intend) be related to something?" |
| work_iebq7yehwrghpe62fvjrkemztm | For Grossmann, the problem of non- existent objects can be formulated as either,"What, then, are false judgments about?" |
| work_iebq7yehwrghpe62fvjrkemztm | For example, how can a false belief or false sentence be made false by a fact? |
| work_iebq7yehwrghpe62fvjrkemztm | How can such mental acts intend anything? |
| work_iebq7yehwrghpe62fvjrkemztm | What then are the"objective facts"by which false beliefs are false? |
| work_iebq7yehwrghpe62fvjrkemztm | What, then, are false 448 RUSSELL, NEGATIVE FACTS, AND ONTOLOGY judgments about? |
| work_iebq7yehwrghpe62fvjrkemztm | or as"How can we think about what is not the case?" |
| work_m2s6q3id2zbhlo5vhgezscjbne | 4 The Mermin- Wagner Theorem vis- à- vis Lev- els of Approximation How does the Mermin- Wagner theorem fit with the physics of phase transitions? |
| work_m2s6q3id2zbhlo5vhgezscjbne | [ 5] Davey, Kevin( 2003), “ Is Mathematical Rigor Necessary in Physics? ”, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 54: 439- 463. |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | 8 What could be different? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | And, if typical, what consequences do such papers have for the philoso- phy of science? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | Are they so unreflective? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | Could there be philosophical consequences of continuing, ever- present change? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | Does this paper look like a philosopher of science ’s typical paper? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | If so, why? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | In the formative years of modern chem- istry, the primeval analytical question “ What is it? ” answered at the atomic level, was the dominant one. |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | Is that typical? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | Is the employment situation too good in chemistry? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | Schummer( 1997b) 332 Synthese( 2007) 155:321–336 When did this change, when did synthesis begin to dominate chemistry? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | So what could have been different? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | The molecules, which are not seen directly, are given a more iconic representation — you see that hole in the buckyball, do n’t you? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | What in fact might have been, might be, different? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | What theories are being tested in this beautiful paper? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | Whence the intuitive realism of the chemist? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | Why buy that theory? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | Why do chemists perform experiments? |
| work_fljwl52g4zacdpoiqix2btod2y | is that possible, to glean knowledge of all chemistry from one paper? |
| work_nfvmldkx6zh4znnk6tf6mvn6ou | How do scientists think? |
| work_m2f55nvl75ajjkcdh2osh44ymy | 2004: “ Can a reductionist be a pluralist? ” Biology and Philosophy, 19(1), 55- 73. |
| work_mr277dtjk5cjlaldsrhnizxngq | In other words: if we generate random bits, what is the probability that we arrive at some U- description of given σ? |
| work_mr277dtjk5cjlaldsrhnizxngq | The physical Church- Turing Thesis: Modest or bold? |
| work_mr277dtjk5cjlaldsrhnizxngq | We can now ask the question: if we feed machine U random bits, what is the probability that it will return the sequence σ? |
| work_li6ruw56l5dxvc7c4sspxyimm4 | Are the Social Sciences Really Inferior? |
| work_li6ruw56l5dxvc7c4sspxyimm4 | Do Sub- Microscopic Entities Exist? |
| work_li6ruw56l5dxvc7c4sspxyimm4 | If Economics Is n''t Science, What Is ll? |
| work_li6ruw56l5dxvc7c4sspxyimm4 | Is There a Significant Observational- Theoretical Distinction? |
| work_li6ruw56l5dxvc7c4sspxyimm4 | What Is Science? |
| work_li6ruw56l5dxvc7c4sspxyimm4 | What Would an Adequate Philosophy of Social Science Look Like? |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | ?>.,-) can satisfy AXIOLOGY and COHERENCE even though.>. |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | COHERENCE: If the probability in every( prob, des) pair whose utility weakly represents? |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | Here is Jeffrey''s theory of pure rationality: Jeffrey''s Theory of Pure Rationality: A confidence/ preference ranking pair(.>.,?) |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | I am going to argue for three conclu- sions:? |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | I shall assume an agent whose desires are encoded in a preference ranking, a binary re- lation X? |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | Joyce 1999,? 4.1). |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | MANIFESTATION: If? |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | When rewritten in these terms the theory can be expressed as follows: AXIOLOGY: A preference ranking? |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | Why should a causal decision theorist worry about the formulation of a rival decision theory? |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | Y only if des(X)? |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | Y only if prob(X)? |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | and? |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | in the sense that X? |
| work_hki2ank2sffa5iabwiixdw6eie | prob( Y)* des is a real- valued utility function that weakly represents? |
| work_lkiarp4k6zgctnxhfgpgctr5du | Bottom left arrow( after “ Deficit? ”) is no, and the bottom right arrow is yes. |
| work_lkiarp4k6zgctnxhfgpgctr5du | When such properties differ, do we assume homology based on the re- tinotopic criteria or the functional criteria? |
| work_lkiarp4k6zgctnxhfgpgctr5du | “ Beyond Phrenology: What Can Neuroimaging Tell Us about Distributed Circuitry? ” Annual Review of Neuroscience 25:221–50. |
| work_lkiarp4k6zgctnxhfgpgctr5du | “ How Would You Know if You Synthesized a Thinking Thing? ” Minds and Machines 12:61–86. |
| work_lkiarp4k6zgctnxhfgpgctr5du | “ If Neuroimaging Is the Answer, What Is the Question? ” Phil- osophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 354( 1387): 1283–94. |
| work_lkiarp4k6zgctnxhfgpgctr5du | “ What Can Functional Neuroimaging Tell the Experimental Psy- chologist? ” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 58A( 2): 193–233. |
| work_lkiarp4k6zgctnxhfgpgctr5du | “ What Can We Infer from Double Dissociations? ” Cortex 39:1–7. |
| work_mieptugs6vd77ml42pvey643hm | Structural realism: The best of both worlds? |
| work_mieptugs6vd77ml42pvey643hm | What is a law of nature? |
| work_mieptugs6vd77ml42pvey643hm | What is structural realism? |
| work_mieptugs6vd77ml42pvey643hm | What ’s really wrong with constructive empiricism? |
| work_n6d3vjr6arhuffwqi64ckm3sou | But why might these possibilities not obtain? |
| work_m3ogaoedkzfo7c5dh7scbhaj3u | For where is the warrant for presuming that contemporary biological theory has got things right at the level of deep structure? |
| work_m3ogaoedkzfo7c5dh7scbhaj3u | Yet where is their warrant, as realists, for treating our under- standing of the gene as referentially kosher? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | 1.1 What is a witness of indeterminism? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | But how to achieve that? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | Can the world be shown to be indeterministic after all? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | Do the laws of physics forbid the operation of time machines? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | How to reconcile this with formulation of determinism assuming Cauchy sur- faces? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | Is it also posing challenges to an intuitive notion of deter- minism? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | Is prediction possible in general relativity? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | Is the universe as large as it can be? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | Pluralism implies that there is no unambiguous answer to the question ” is gen- eral relativity deterministic? ”. |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | Since the theory does not comply, does it even make sense to ask whether it is deterministic or indeterministic? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | Two issues arise: first, what are these? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | What if( in some contexts) general relativity does not comply with such requirements? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | What is a physically reasonable space- time? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | What price spacetime substantivalism? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | What should we make out of this situation? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | Where is this plethora of examples coming from? |
| work_ia5ol3mnnrepnoxogverxhr2ze | Why is that so? |
| work_mxifeuuox5grbjnmulc6jarioe | But, have we observed the direction of the emitted particle? |
| work_mxifeuuox5grbjnmulc6jarioe | Introduction In the Book 11 of his Confessions, St. Augustine asks himself: “ What, then, is time? |
| work_m6legqsn4fgmffw3thok5hl3w4 | But what is the explanatory pay- off that offsets the cost of proliferating types of causes and explanations? |
| work_m6legqsn4fgmffw3thok5hl3w4 | Consider the following question: how many molecules are required to operate the switch? |
| work_m6legqsn4fgmffw3thok5hl3w4 | How does this process work? |
| work_m6legqsn4fgmffw3thok5hl3w4 | What does all of this show? |
| work_lkhnl7kzanbxdjedn3i25l6em4 | For, what is a state space other than an object whose elements are states? |
| work_lkhnl7kzanbxdjedn3i25l6em4 | So one might be in inclined to ask ‘ does TQT tell us how things are with quantum systems? ’. |
| work_lkhnl7kzanbxdjedn3i25l6em4 | This raises the question ‘ why should we interpret the spectral presheaf as the quantum state space? ’. |
| work_lkhnl7kzanbxdjedn3i25l6em4 | what does it mean to assign a physical proposition a truth value within SETV( H) op? |
| work_k5zhlm7bbzculhhuyf4d6wchgm | And what kind of device would minimize its occurrence? |
| work_k5zhlm7bbzculhhuyf4d6wchgm | And what kind of mistake are we worrying about? |
| work_k5zhlm7bbzculhhuyf4d6wchgm | But what sort of lesson is this supposed to teach us? |
| work_k5zhlm7bbzculhhuyf4d6wchgm | Mayo puts it this way: What does it mean to learn that H is indicated by the data? |
| work_k5zhlm7bbzculhhuyf4d6wchgm | The point is rather: how do we distinguish reliable from unreliable infer- ences? |
| work_k5zhlm7bbzculhhuyf4d6wchgm | To what sort of settings is a given experimental result supposed( not) to be applicable? |
| work_k5zhlm7bbzculhhuyf4d6wchgm | We need ‘ ‘ good ’ ’ analogies — but what makes a ‘ ‘ good ’ ’ analogy in the first place? |
| work_k5zhlm7bbzculhhuyf4d6wchgm | What is it that makes scientific investigation and inference relatively easier inside, and more problematic outside the lab? |
| work_k5zhlm7bbzculhhuyf4d6wchgm | What is so special with laboratory exper- imentation? |
| work_k5zhlm7bbzculhhuyf4d6wchgm | What is the target here? |
| work_k5zhlm7bbzculhhuyf4d6wchgm | What kind of error is an external validity error? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | 2 What is the Somatic Marker Model? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | 3.1 Are Somatic Markers Necessary for Practical Decision Making? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | 3.2 Speed, accuracy, or both? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | 3.3 At Which of the Five Stages of Decision Making are Somatic Markers Engaged? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | 3.3 At which of the five stages of decision making are somatic markers engaged? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | 8 3.2 Speed, Accuracy, or Both? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | For example, does it matter which meal makes one appear more attractive? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | Multiple somatic marker hypotheses 3.1 Are somatic markers necessary for practical decision making? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | Should the dietary preferences of neighbouring passengers be considered? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | The fist concerns the modality of this hypothesis: are somatic markers necessary for decision making, or, do they merely contribute to this process? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | Was the psychiatrist right or wrong? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | What is the somatic marker model? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | Which drink does this restaurant specialize in? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | Which will go better with this meal? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | but the range of factors over which one might deliberate are open ended( which drink contains more caffeine? |
| work_j65g5ptn25e4tinmcpg3zjdczy | tea or coffee?) |
| work_nizyodc7ozb7nfbkoxzl7jljly | What about the weakened version of faithfulness? |
| work_nizyodc7ozb7nfbkoxzl7jljly | What is a scientific theory? |
| work_n3usfkgy4jfmzjfxh6almgkzhy | ), What Is Disease? |
| work_n3usfkgy4jfmzjfxh6almgkzhy | And this raises the line- drawing problem again: How far is far enough? |
| work_na6uj7w7arf7vkysafy7jtfyxq | If that is the reader, who is the writer? |
| work_na6uj7w7arf7vkysafy7jtfyxq | Which sender''s activities make it the case that the cells contain DNA sequences worth reading? |
| work_nkl4gultsrbszbh3h5yaxmnlii | How are we to analyse them so as to avoid all complex entities? |
| work_nkl4gultsrbszbh3h5yaxmnlii | Now what reasons can be given for the existence of complex properties? |
| work_nkl4gultsrbszbh3h5yaxmnlii | Obviously we must say that ‘ ϕ has probability α given h ’ asserts a multiple relation between the constituents of P(ϕ?) |
| work_jj6z3h3d5rcyre54v7igahg6wm | ), Emergence or Reduction? |
| work_jj6z3h3d5rcyre54v7igahg6wm | 595 Emergence Made Ontological? |
| work_jj6z3h3d5rcyre54v7igahg6wm | 605 other bees? |
| work_jj6z3h3d5rcyre54v7igahg6wm | As some authors write: EMERGENCE MADE ONTOLOGICAL? |
| work_jj6z3h3d5rcyre54v7igahg6wm | Does ‘ the bee ’s ’ description not include its rules for interacting with EMERGENCE MADE ONTOLOGICAL? |
| work_jj6z3h3d5rcyre54v7igahg6wm | EMERGENCE MADE ONTOLOGICAL? |
| work_jj6z3h3d5rcyre54v7igahg6wm | EMERGENCE MADE ONTOLOGICAL? |
| work_jj6z3h3d5rcyre54v7igahg6wm | EMERGENCE MADE ONTOLOGICAL? |
| work_jj6z3h3d5rcyre54v7igahg6wm | Emergence Made Ontological? |
| work_jj6z3h3d5rcyre54v7igahg6wm | Emergence Made Ontological? |
| work_jj6z3h3d5rcyre54v7igahg6wm | Emergence Made Ontological? |
| work_jj6z3h3d5rcyre54v7igahg6wm | Now, speaking of computational emergence, what precisely is emergent? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | 466 MOHAN MATTHEN necessary to invoke drift as a cause?2 Does it make sense to regard drift as an additional cause in such a circumstance? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | Again: What kind of force, or cause, is it? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | Beatty ’s question: If O is a possible outcome of selection, when would you say that it is because- of- drift? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | But how does probability enter the picture? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | For example, would n’t information about how the rabbits are distributed over the region relative to the foxes be relevant? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | How can this be? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | How then does a BD situation differ from a BNS situation? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | Millstein, Roberta( 2002), “ Are Random Drift and Natural Selection Conceptually Dis- tinct? ”, Biology and Philosophy 17: 33–53. |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | Now, why are these factors ruled ultra vires of population genetics or theory of natural selection? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | Should n’t this figure in the expla- nation of Sherry ’s behavior? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | So why does he take the typological path when dealing with variation among populations? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | What if the gametic separation of ethnic enclaves is maintained indefinitely? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | What is responsible for this outcome? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | What law governs the change in the rabbit population over time? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | What sort of “ causal force ”( Gould ’s words) is it that can act in this noncompositional( and intensional) manner? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | What will happen? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | Would n’t the probability of a rabbit surviving at t be lower than′t at? |
| work_hbvkp3j75vfevooo7qdpes55ke | i) What is drift in such a model? |
| work_mb46cptdfjdf7a6ztmynhh4gw4 | 0 What are we to conclude from this? |
| work_mb46cptdfjdf7a6ztmynhh4gw4 | How could the breakdown of the solutions in the future affect our ability to prepare a state that is electromagnetically possible locally? |
| work_mb46cptdfjdf7a6ztmynhh4gw4 | In what sense is a nonzero terminal acceleration physically impossible? |
| work_mb46cptdfjdf7a6ztmynhh4gw4 | Sklar, Lawrence( 1991), “ How Free Are Initial Conditions? ” in Arthur Fine, Micky Forbes, and Linda Wessels( eds. |
| work_mb46cptdfjdf7a6ztmynhh4gw4 | What, then, is the status of the condition that particles are asymptot- ically free in the theory? |
| work_kblycrpbozd53mz3rbzdm4azwm | 14 natural question: is there a better ontology? |
| work_kblycrpbozd53mz3rbzdm4azwm | Could billions of different mental states all supervene on a single point particle? |
| work_kblycrpbozd53mz3rbzdm4azwm | Does it follow that mental states clearly exist on Lewis ’s version of the wave function ontology? |
| work_kblycrpbozd53mz3rbzdm4azwm | He writes: So what does it mean to claim that a system has a certain number of dimensions? |
| work_kblycrpbozd53mz3rbzdm4azwm | Is the space both three- 13 dimensional and not three- dimensional? |
| work_kblycrpbozd53mz3rbzdm4azwm | Is the space neither three- dimensional nor not three- dimensional? |
| work_kblycrpbozd53mz3rbzdm4azwm | Now, if that 3N- dimensional space with that single point particle is all that exists, would mental states exist in that world? |
| work_kblycrpbozd53mz3rbzdm4azwm | What about a multi- particle system, though? |
| work_kblycrpbozd53mz3rbzdm4azwm | What about the second problem I raised for Albert? |
| work_kblycrpbozd53mz3rbzdm4azwm | What is quantum mechanics fundamentally about? |
| work_kblycrpbozd53mz3rbzdm4azwm | Where does the wave function fit in to all this? |
| work_kblycrpbozd53mz3rbzdm4azwm | Will mental states exist in the world where Lewis ’s version of the wave function ontology holds? |
| work_mg4rdt4u6bebvenen5shv3wrpy | 1974, 261): Exactly what is the status of this analysis of a theory? |
| work_mg4rdt4u6bebvenen5shv3wrpy | How do spheres collide? |
| work_mg4rdt4u6bebvenen5shv3wrpy | Now do you envisage your new[ analysis] as entailing a program that will show how the theories that we in fact have might ultimately be analyzed? |
| work_mg4rdt4u6bebvenen5shv3wrpy | Reply to query: How old is first- order logic? |
| work_mg4rdt4u6bebvenen5shv3wrpy | What is a scientific theory? |
| work_mg4rdt4u6bebvenen5shv3wrpy | What ’s right with a syntactic approach to theories and models? |
| work_mg4rdt4u6bebvenen5shv3wrpy | What ’s wrong with the received view of evolutionary theory? |
| work_mg4rdt4u6bebvenen5shv3wrpy | Who is a modeler? |
| work_mnca5nkp45brzcqjoq3w73cjre | 6 A Prior Preference for Unifying Hy- potheses? |
| work_mnca5nkp45brzcqjoq3w73cjre | Can a stronger defense of explanationism be mounted? |
| work_mnca5nkp45brzcqjoq3w73cjre | Is coherence truth conducive? |
| work_mnca5nkp45brzcqjoq3w73cjre | Is explanation a guide to inference? |
| work_mnca5nkp45brzcqjoq3w73cjre | Is the joint occurrence of D1 and D2 much rarer than the occurrence of C? |
| work_le3ulftmxjghlpirlyalgyqjz4 | Has the HPST community done anything to prevent this occasional and anecdotal use of the history and philosophy of science input in science teaching? |
| work_le3ulftmxjghlpirlyalgyqjz4 | How to co- ordinate science museums and schools in science teaching? |
| work_le3ulftmxjghlpirlyalgyqjz4 | How to compare explicit and implicit NOS teaching approaches? |
| work_le3ulftmxjghlpirlyalgyqjz4 | How to contextualise science teaching in order to promote NOS understandings? |
| work_le3ulftmxjghlpirlyalgyqjz4 | How to incorporate NOS aspects in science teaching in a way that does not create but rather solves problems for the teachers? |
| work_le3ulftmxjghlpirlyalgyqjz4 | How to promote the understanding of science- technology- society interrelations? |
| work_le3ulftmxjghlpirlyalgyqjz4 | How to transform aspects of the history and philosophy of science into motivating and fruitful classroom activities? |
| work_le3ulftmxjghlpirlyalgyqjz4 | In Peters ’ paper an interesting question is put forward: How to compare explicit and implicit nature of science teaching? |
| work_le3ulftmxjghlpirlyalgyqjz4 | Is it only their fault? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | 2.1 Theory change Why should we believe our current best scientific theories to be correct when all of our past theories have proven to be incorrect? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | But how can this slogan be turned into a worked- out metaphysics? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | Does such an approach fare any better than generalism in licensing the structuralist take on permutation invariance? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | For instance, is it still true that “ there is only structure at the fundamental level ”? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | How can this slogan be turned into a worked- out metaphysics? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | How can we make sense of a fact like ∃x∃yRxy without appealing to the notion of some object(s) standing in relation R? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | How should we view these objects instead? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | Is this the kind of permutation invariance that is taken to motivate OSR? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | So why does Dasgupta reject individualism? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | Structural realism: the best of both worlds? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | The structure, the whole structure, and nothing but the structure? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | Was Leibniz a generalist? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | What does it mean to say that “ structure is all there is ”? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | What does this have to do with OSR? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | What is structural realism? |
| work_jbghm2evgresfd2b3hlx43vtoy | What options remain for the advocate of OSR? |
| work_o5lpmfijtnhvxmu5i3hqzf3tgm | 4 Throwing out the relations with the relata? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | ( Are those two bodies in physical contact? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | A purely pragmatic one? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Absolute versus relational space- time: An outmoded debate? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | And also questions such as: what structures for representation of various kinds of derivatives do we need to formulate equations of motion? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | And what structures for representation of Maxwell fields? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Can a light- signal be sent from this to that? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Can we know the global structure of spacetime? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Does that show anything of intrinsic physical significance? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Erik Curiel 23 September 4, 2014 On the Existence of Spacetime Structure relations among them embody( is this body in contact with another? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Faster than light? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | How, then, is one supposed to try to answer the question of whether or not they exist in any way that purports to be grounded in physics? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | I think there is a better question at hand: what mathematical structures “ best ” represent our experience of spatiotemporal localization? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | If so, does the minimum number depend on a topological invariant? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | In what sense, though, is the metric manifestly physical? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Is Unruh radiance, then, physical or not? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Is gravitational radiation present? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Is heat flowing from this one to that or vice- versa? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Is it eo ipso a true Maxwell field, and so physical? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Is it in any case greater than the number of fields we currently believe to have physical import? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Is it possible to determine the topology of a non- compact manifold by the postulation of a finite number of simple fields? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Is it “ real ” radiation? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Is structural spacetime realism relationism in disguise? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | So, are these possibly inobservable global structures physical? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Surely one can attribute canonical significance to the question “ do electrons exist? ” independent of investigative framework? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Surely one can attribute canonical significance to the question “ do electrons exist? ” independent of investigative framework? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | The scientific value of the question, How do bodies act on one another at a distance? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | What is a physically reasonable spacetime? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | What light, if any, does all this shed on the cogency of the traditional debate about the ontic status of spacetime? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | What price spacetime substantivalism? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | What status does such a demand have? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | What, after all, is lost to our comprehension of the physical world without such a unique, canonical explication? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | Will one use the same theory to model the observation as one uses to model the system? |
| work_dfzialdhobfjbhz7gvv5takkqa | does heat flow from that body to this or vice- versa? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | 5.3 Ontic definitions How should we proceed? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | A possible world? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | A set- theoretic model? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Are ontic definitions adequate? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Are these correctness- conditions truth- conditions? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Boghossian, P.[ 2006]: ‘ What is Relativism? ’, in P. Greenough and M. Lynch( eds), Truth and Realism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Brading, K. and Brown, H.[ 2004]: ‘ Are Gauge Symmetry Transformations Observable? ’, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 55, pp. |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | But 32 Why has Earman ’s definition been so popular? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | But does the argument generalize to arbitrary laws and arbitrary features? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | But then relative to whom should our notion of symmetry be defined? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | But what does it mean for a law to exhibit symmetries? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | But what is a physical system? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | But why not? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | But why should this be so? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | But why should those features of the laws have anything to do with metaphysics, with what ’s real? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Did Ismael and van Fraassen([ 2003]) propose an epistemic definition? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Does our Occamist norm imply that we must say this? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | First, how is it to be justified? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | For what are relative positions? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | For what are the privileged physical features F that( by definition) are preserved by all symmetries? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | For what are the relevant symmetries, invariance under which is equated with objectivity? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | For what does ‘ redundant ’ mean? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | How can we establish that it is undetectable, merely on the assumption that it is variant? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | In these cases, is the reasoning to( 3) then somehow circular? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Is the reliability of the inference remarkable? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Is there a fact of the matter as to how things would look to me in that situation? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Is this true? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Is this what Weyl meant? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Or space- time intervals? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Our question, then, is: Which generated transformations count as symmetries of a given set of laws? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Part of a possible world? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | So how can we show that this is impossible, merely on the assumption that absolute velocity is variant? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | So is a justification available? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | So what is different about the differentiable structure that Earman privileges, or indeed any other supposedly privileged feature F? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | So, which features vary under Baker ’s symmetry? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Something else? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Spatial distances? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Then what does it mean to preserve the way that things look from a given perspective? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | These points are all straightforward, so why are they often ignored? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | What does this mean? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | What epistemic mistake would one be making? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | What justifies inferences that draw conclu- sions about reality from premises about symmetries? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | What justifies the inference in these cases? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | What kind of thing is a symmetry? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | What metaphysical conclusion does our symmetry- to- reality reasoning then recommend? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Why do premises about symmetries justify metaphysical conclusions about what is real? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Why might one think that absolute velocity is redundant in this sense? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Why should the fact that I can describe the laws of motion without mentioning a given feature constitute evidence that the feature is unreal? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Why then is the mere fact that one can formulate the laws without mentioning it a reason to think that it is unreal? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | Why think that every real feature must be mentioned when writing down one half of your theory? |
| work_4wylshaebzhcnp3hb5blgvfvk4 | [ 1987]: ‘ What Price Substantivalism? |
| work_kdhxjgyaxrgyfoirssuqua2nxm | Can the final worry about the branch- systems proposal be motivated on the framework conception of laws? |
| work_kdhxjgyaxrgyfoirssuqua2nxm | How are we to decide at exactly what moment a branch system comes into being? |
| work_kdhxjgyaxrgyfoirssuqua2nxm | How are we to reconcile this seeming incompatibility? |
| work_kdhxjgyaxrgyfoirssuqua2nxm | How exactly can we suppose that to occur? |
| work_kdhxjgyaxrgyfoirssuqua2nxm | Is n’t that what microlaws are supposed to do? |
| work_kdhxjgyaxrgyfoirssuqua2nxm | Recall, then, that the first question was this: How are we to decide at exactly what moment a branch system comes into being? |
| work_kdhxjgyaxrgyfoirssuqua2nxm | So what should we replace it with? |
| work_m3d2ctuljjf2lpl3cr2cint4x4 | How, then, can we combine this seemingly obvious point with the lessons of Putnam ’s argument? |
| work_nsjqyh7e4jdqrbi5buvn6bwjki | 1- 130 Front Matter"What''s Wrong with the Received View on the Structure of Scientific Theories?" |
| work_nsjqyh7e4jdqrbi5buvn6bwjki | But why motility? |
| work_nsjqyh7e4jdqrbi5buvn6bwjki | What, then, is involved in requiring that the relay replicate precisely those of the effects of the neuron that involve its function and no others?" |
| work_l4wcktla2rcxndlvqipecpa3mq | In quantum mechanics, we do not even know what the fundamental terms and principles—‘measurement ’? |
| work_l4wcktla2rcxndlvqipecpa3mq | Is energy a well- defined quantity in the theory of general relativity? |
| work_l4wcktla2rcxndlvqipecpa3mq | Ought n’t this make spacetimes containing plane- waves “ more unphysical ” than those containing conical singularities? |
| work_l4wcktla2rcxndlvqipecpa3mq | The Everett interpretation of quantum mechanics: Many worlds or none? |
| work_l4wcktla2rcxndlvqipecpa3mq | To quote Geach quoting Whitman, “ Do I contradict myself? |
| work_l4wcktla2rcxndlvqipecpa3mq | What is a singularity in general relativity? |
| work_l4wcktla2rcxndlvqipecpa3mq | ‘ observable ’? — ought to be. |
| work_nihkzpuppvbfldx5hsofd4kjha | Do causes raise the chances of effects? |
| work_nihkzpuppvbfldx5hsofd4kjha | When Can Statistical Theories be Causally Closed? |
| work_nihkzpuppvbfldx5hsofd4kjha | Why should correlations be explained only by means of simple “ yes”/“no ” events, though? |
| work_la5dn44e2jampizjwzt4ugzjwi | ( 2006), “ Can Cognitive Processes Be Inferred from Neuroimaging Data? ”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10( 2): 59–63. |
| work_la5dn44e2jampizjwzt4ugzjwi | 2 2006a or b for both of these? |
| work_la5dn44e2jampizjwzt4ugzjwi | 3 Should these series have commas: F1,..., Fn etc.? |
| work_la5dn44e2jampizjwzt4ugzjwi | 5 Is there an issue date? |
| work_la5dn44e2jampizjwzt4ugzjwi | Jonides, John, Derek E. Nee, and Mark G. Berman( 2006), “ What Has Functional Neu- roimaging Told Us about the Mind? |
| work_la5dn44e2jampizjwzt4ugzjwi | Should it be? |
| work_la5dn44e2jampizjwzt4ugzjwi | q5 q6 q7 CHECKED 14 ADINA L. ROSKIES Friday Aug 14 2009 04:13 PM PHOS v76n5 760528 VLONGAWA QUERIES TO THE AUTHOR 1 2006a or b? |
| work_la5dn44e2jampizjwzt4ugzjwi | — — —( 2006b), “ What Has Functional Neuroimaging Told Us about the Mind( So Far)? ”, Cortex 42: 323–331. |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | 15 Introduction The basics of CST Facing the same dilemma? |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | 3 Facing the same dilemma? |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | After all, what is the C2 world like? |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | But is it enough to drive a wedge into the dilemma faced by advocates of relativistic becoming? |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | But just how do relativistic spacetimes emerge from causal sets? |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | Can CST provide us with this? |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | Does the advocate of becoming face a similar dilemma in the context of CST? |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | In other words, does Sorkin ’s assertion in the last sentence of the indented quote above holds up to scrutiny? |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | Is Smart ’s objection fatal to the idea of cosmological ‘ growth ’? |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | Is temporal becoming compatible with special relativity? |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | So does any event ever get determinate at any finite stage of becoming? |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | The causal set counterpart of Smart ’s question beckons: how fast are elements born? |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | What does a dynamics over variables that are spatiotemporal even mean? |
| work_je2mqdnfkzc3xjnxsu2ipikdgy | [ 2012]: ‘ Spacetime as a causal set: Universe as a growing block? ’, Unpublished. |
| work_oprlmthzzffqpiasskvlxxcb34 | A linguistic and ontological determination allows to researcher answer to the Where does this phenomen exist? |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | Did Darwin Get it Right? |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | In Fig.1, for instance, is it the relative survival potential of B versus A or rather B versus C that selection addresses? |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | Now is that not honing by cumulative selection? |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | Or did they just have the bad luck to be in the wrong place at the wrong time? |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | Were they fundamentally inferior organisms? |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | Were they stupid? |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | What good, then, is CS? |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | Why reproduction? |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | “ Are Species Really Individuals? ” Systematic Biology 25: 174- 191. |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | “ Can Biological Teleology be Naturalized? ” Journal of Philosophy 88(11): 647- 655. |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | “ Do Clades Cladogenerate? ” Biological Theory 3: 375- 379. |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | “ Does the Concept of “ Clade Selection ” Make Sense? ” Philosophy of Science 70: 739- 751. |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | “ Extinction: Bad Genes or Bad Luck? ” New York: Norton. |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | “ How Can Evolution Learn? ” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 31: 147- 157. |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | “ How else could such entities exhibit heritability? ”, one automatically asks. |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | “ Is Evolvability Evolvable? ” Nature Reviews Genetics 9: 75- 82. |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | “ Why Are There So Many Insect Species? |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | “ Why Wo n’t the Group Selection Controversy Go Away? ” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 52: 25- 50. |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | “ Why did Trilobita go extinct? ” is not the same question as “ Why did trilobites go extinct? ”. |
| work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u | “ Why did Trilobita go extinct? ” is not the same question as “ Why did trilobites go extinct? ”. |
| work_mdzgknx6ynhuzdz3s2w4uhizyi | ( 1992), Bayes or Bust?. |
| work_mdzgknx6ynhuzdz3s2w4uhizyi | ? Simon School of Business and Management, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627. |
| work_mdzgknx6ynhuzdz3s2w4uhizyi | How can we make the best trade- off between these conflicting desiderata? |
| work_mdzgknx6ynhuzdz3s2w4uhizyi | The pertinent question, however, is how can we calculate the likelihood of a family of curves? |
| work_mdzgknx6ynhuzdz3s2w4uhizyi | Why, then, do we choose to give the highest prior probability 1/2 to the hypothesis which has fewest parameters? |
| work_lovkyy4oyzg5jortkd75fv23fq | ( 2013), “ Causal Selection versus Causal Parity in Biology: Relevant Counterfactuals and Biologically Normal Interventions. ” In What If? |
| work_lovkyy4oyzg5jortkd75fv23fq | Discussion note final Forthcoming in: Philosophy of Science Discussion Note: Which Kind of Causal Specificity Matters Biologically? |
| work_lovkyy4oyzg5jortkd75fv23fq | How about the other examples discussed in the paper? |
| work_lovkyy4oyzg5jortkd75fv23fq | So how is it biologically meaningful? |
| work_lovkyy4oyzg5jortkd75fv23fq | What Is Causal Specificity and How Can We Measure It? |
| work_lovkyy4oyzg5jortkd75fv23fq | What happens when we take into account not only the actual variation but also all the relevant potential variation or REL? |
| work_lovkyy4oyzg5jortkd75fv23fq | When comparing biological causes, which kind of causal specificity matters for highlighting some causes for their explanatory salience? |
| work_lovkyy4oyzg5jortkd75fv23fq | Which Kind of Causal Specificity Should We Compare? |
| work_jnwylr3ap5dfva77j44gp4i7fa | 36- 7)?'' |
| work_jnwylr3ap5dfva77j44gp4i7fa | If landing men on the moon is not an indication of confirmed inductive generalizations and predictions, what would be accepted as confirmation? |
| work_jnwylr3ap5dfva77j44gp4i7fa | If we had no knowledge of atomic or nuclear physics, then how could we produce a controlled nuclear reaction? |
| work_jnwylr3ap5dfva77j44gp4i7fa | Or, we can take the offensive and ask the Humean what would be an acceptable answer? |
| work_jnwylr3ap5dfva77j44gp4i7fa | This happens sometimes, and with regard to some objects: Why may it not happen always, and with regard to all objects? |
| work_jnwylr3ap5dfva77j44gp4i7fa | What logic, what process of argument secures you against this presup- position? |
| work_jnwylr3ap5dfva77j44gp4i7fa | What would the Humean accept as an answer? |
| work_krsazryp65cijfcvi4ew7xvrma | ( 3) At_ 1- EcQi r? |
| work_krsazryp65cijfcvi4ew7xvrma | ( 4)> ri2C(| e)2ECA(E r? |
| work_krsazryp65cijfcvi4ew7xvrma | ( 5) Z riCA(h I e)( si+ Ak)( N s)? |
| work_krsazryp65cijfcvi4ew7xvrma | ( 8) CA(d I e) si( s+ Ak( Si+ 1+ A/ k? |
| work_krsazryp65cijfcvi4ew7xvrma | ( D2) Method C recommends method C''in the class M of methods, under the accuracy- measure A, on the evidence e, iffEc(A(C'') I e)? |
| work_krsazryp65cijfcvi4ew7xvrma | Does the immodesty of an inductive method give you any good reason to trust it? |
| work_krsazryp65cijfcvi4ew7xvrma | Having done one or both, we will face a new version of the question: how many, and which, inductive methods are immodest? |
| work_krsazryp65cijfcvi4ew7xvrma | How many methods are immodest? |
| work_krsazryp65cijfcvi4ew7xvrma | I e) EcA(>,i r? |
| work_krsazryp65cijfcvi4ew7xvrma | If trusting C0 in the cases I described would not be a clear case of inductive unreason, what would be? |
| work_krsazryp65cijfcvi4ew7xvrma | What can we do about this conclusion? |
| work_nolk2zlx5jhdjhzwykaipdcrh4 | From ‘ matters of facts ’ to ‘ states of affairs ’: Which protocol for the new collective experiments? |
| work_nolk2zlx5jhdjhzwykaipdcrh4 | Page 15 of 23 32European Journal for Philosophy of Science( 2019) 9: 32 factors? |
| work_nolk2zlx5jhdjhzwykaipdcrh4 | Why and for what are clinical trials the gold standard? |
| work_nolk2zlx5jhdjhzwykaipdcrh4 | Why do farmers innovate and why do n’t they innovate more? |
| work_o4dv45ysrffw7e43ec4igo7mmi | And given that Structure is very readable and inspiring to most students, why not to use it instead? |
| work_o4dv45ysrffw7e43ec4igo7mmi | Carnap and Kuhn: Arch enemies or close allies? |
| work_o4dv45ysrffw7e43ec4igo7mmi | Did Kuhn kill logical empiricism? |
| work_o4dv45ysrffw7e43ec4igo7mmi | When shall we get The Cambridge Companion to Kuhn? |
| work_lr5hieogxvannnrapny7bzovla | 4 A unified account of regularity explanations? |
| work_lr5hieogxvannnrapny7bzovla | But what is it about the derivation that renders it ex- planatory of the quarter- power scaling? |
| work_lr5hieogxvannnrapny7bzovla | How steep a cost is this? |
| work_lr5hieogxvannnrapny7bzovla | What is the connection between a regularity explanation and an ex- planation of a corresponding singular state of affairs( if one exists)? |
| work_lr5hieogxvannnrapny7bzovla | Why is explaining a singular state of affairs different from explaining a regularity in this way? |
| work_lr5hieogxvannnrapny7bzovla | Why is explanatory power sometimes down to tracking causal relations, sometimes not? |
| work_lr5hieogxvannnrapny7bzovla | Would it be an option for Woodward to relinquish the causal aspect of his theory in the interest of such a unified account? |
| work_lr5hieogxvannnrapny7bzovla | “ Can Classical Structures Explain Quantum Phenomena? ” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 59: 217–235. |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | ( van Fraassen 1997b, 21) How does this dilemma affect Putnam''s argument? |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | 117- 139] Is Indeterminism the Source of the Statistical Character of Evolutionary Theory? |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | Does it dissolve the paradox? |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | From this van Fraassen concludes that the question"how is reference fixed?" |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | He then asks, given that many of the terms of our best theories refer, how is this possible? |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | In virtue of what do our words refer? |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | Putnam asks:"How is it that''cat''refers?" |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | Putnam''s challenge begins with the question:"How is it that terms of our language refer?" |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | The confused philosophical field- linguist who is the target of van Fraassen''s argument asks:"What is the referent of''cat''?" |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | The skep- tic asks: What is our justification for a certain class of beliefs, say beliefs about the external world? |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | Van Fraassen takes Putnam''s general philosophical question"How is it that the terms of our language refer?" |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | What Putnam is asking is: How is it that they refer? |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | What is it to dissolve Putnam''s paradox? |
| work_jsry5336ebdhlpktae32ykuxl4 | to reflect more specific worries, such as"Does''cat''really refer to cats?" |
| work_nzol57hddbgnzkgts2xb2s3ggi | Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data? |
| work_nzol57hddbgnzkgts2xb2s3ggi | The free- energy principle: a unified brain theory? |
| work_nzol57hddbgnzkgts2xb2s3ggi | What precisely makes “ tennis forehand ” an inappropriate or unlikely functional designation? |
| work_nzol57hddbgnzkgts2xb2s3ggi | Why should there be such controversy about the legitimacy of even the best cases of localized neural function? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | ( 2001), ‘ Experts: Which Ones Should You Trust? ’, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 63(1), 85–110. |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | And what are the implications for pluralism? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | And who are we anyway? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | Can any signs of this be detected in economics? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | Can we change an existing balance, should we do it and how can it be done? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | Does it change throughout history and if so, what are its historical and social determinants? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | How can a good position be reached, or does it come by itself? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | How can a group ’s balance between specialisation and diversity be changed? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | How can this be so? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | How do increasing returns affect the tradeoff between specialisation and diversity? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | How should different networks then be evaluated? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | I have been at seminars where the presenter was asked after a few minutes, ‘ Where is your model? ’. |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | Is there an optimal distribution we should aim for in science? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | Should scientists diversify or specialise? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | So what would such an alternative model look like? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | Then what does it mean to join a network? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | What can be said about the epistemic quality of the result of this process? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | What is its status? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | Who or what decides? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | Why are scientists more likely to adapt to bigger networks? |
| work_ieq3hrpbvrga3bqv4azr3adkhu | or science in general? |
| work_lvx7eovldrggtkdlxswgqmqzba | Does this mean that the modified covariance and the contextual approaches are fully equivalent? |
| work_lvx7eovldrggtkdlxswgqmqzba | How should we determine the answer to this question? |
| work_lvx7eovldrggtkdlxswgqmqzba | However, what if we favour the contextual approach to group selection? |
| work_lvx7eovldrggtkdlxswgqmqzba | In soft selection, the contextual and covariance approaches give different answers to the question ‘ is group selection occurring or not? ’. |
| work_lvx7eovldrggtkdlxswgqmqzba | Okasha, S.[ 2001]: ‘ Why Wo n’t the Group Selection Controversy Go Away? ’, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 52, pp. |
| work_lvx7eovldrggtkdlxswgqmqzba | The crucial question vis- à-vis group selection is: does the contextual character( group character) of an organism affect its fitness? |
| work_lvx7eovldrggtkdlxswgqmqzba | Which answer is correct? |
| work_oaop4wa3sbepxe4ylunpdwyt6u | Does an object like a baseball or a bullet then fail to qualify as a causal process? |
| work_oaop4wa3sbepxe4ylunpdwyt6u | How can one then respond to the reformulated example? |
| work_oaop4wa3sbepxe4ylunpdwyt6u | Should we, therefore, retreat from a conserved quantity criterion to the mark criterion? |
| work_oaop4wa3sbepxe4ylunpdwyt6u | We can obviously rule out this explanation on grounds of statistical irrelevance, but what about causal processes and intersections? |
| work_obltps2ypjfhtj52ah5duyz6o4 | What is the condition whose obtaining on occasions where M1 is acted on explains the success of this mixed policy of behaviour? |
| work_obltps2ypjfhtj52ah5duyz6o4 | What is the functional content of M1? |
| work_obltps2ypjfhtj52ah5duyz6o4 | [ 2012]: ‘ How Do Communication Systems Emerge? ’, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 279, pp. |
| work_nppx6ohgxvbrpn6alermuekxi4 | But what about relative simultaneity? |
| work_nppx6ohgxvbrpn6alermuekxi4 | Does the ‘ cosmological ’ character sufficiently distinguish this solution to let us conclude non- conventionality? |
| work_nppx6ohgxvbrpn6alermuekxi4 | For example, are solutions to equations of motion which are actually realised in nature considered as ‘ facts about the physical universe ’? |
| work_nppx6ohgxvbrpn6alermuekxi4 | He or she is interested in the structure of spacetime and whether simultaneity may be regarded as( unique?) |
| work_nppx6ohgxvbrpn6alermuekxi4 | That is, whether we can add some minimal amount of structure with respect to which a( unique?) |
| work_mfyyesgqozec5bxgehtl7isiy4 | Do they all correspond to distinct physical magnitudes? |
| work_mfyyesgqozec5bxgehtl7isiy4 | Do they correspond to different physical magnitudes for fermions? |
| work_mfyyesgqozec5bxgehtl7isiy4 | Huggett, N.[ 1995]: ‘ What are quanta, and why does it matter? ’, in Arthur Fine, L. W., Mickey Forbes( ed. |
| work_mfyyesgqozec5bxgehtl7isiy4 | References Arntzenius, F.[ 2000]: ‘ Are there really instantaneous velocities? ’, The Monist, 83 pp. |
| work_mfyyesgqozec5bxgehtl7isiy4 | Reformulating the Insight 3.1 What Weakly Discerns? |
| work_mfyyesgqozec5bxgehtl7isiy4 | That seems perverse8: for instance, are there two quantities, angular momentum and position × linear momentum? |
| work_mfyyesgqozec5bxgehtl7isiy4 | What Weakly Discerns? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | Additionally, how are we to evaluate the results of these speciation experiments? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | And, can we make it work? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | Beatty, John( 1981),"What''s Wrong with the Received View of Evolutionary Theory? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | For example, how relevant are laboratory experiments to speci- ation in the wild? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | How isolated is''reproductively isolated''? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | If sympatry were possible, how would it work? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | Is lowered viability and fertility in attempted crossing sufficient? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | Ought n''t we regard any model assuming this to be suspect? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | Rice and Salt showed that their sympatry experiment yielded populations with lowered viability and assortative mating: Is this a speciation event? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | Rice, W. and E. Hostert( 1993),"Laboratory Experiments on Speciation: What have we learned in 40 years? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | S1-S12] Is Structural Realism Possible? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | S13-S24] Are Realism and Instrumentalism Methodologically Indifferent? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | S345-S357] Can the Bundle Theory Save Substantivalism from the Hole Argument? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | S371-S381] Quantum Gravity Why Quantize Gravity( Or Any Other Field for That Matter)? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | S493-S505] Science and Values: Are Value Judgments Always Irrelevant to the Justification of Scientific Claims? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | S519-S530] Can a Historian of Science Be a Scientific Realist? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | What constrains that limit? |
| work_i7vjoaqyibcbrnftzqlu7uaaxq | When are two organisms truly new species? |
| work_o2oaxbrcbvbbpmsxwkbwixp5jy | Can Mechanisms Really Replace Laws of Nature?. |
| work_o2oaxbrcbvbbpmsxwkbwixp5jy | Are other organizations and patterns exhibited elsewhere? |
| work_o2oaxbrcbvbbpmsxwkbwixp5jy | For instance, how widespread phylogenetically is the set of parts, operations, and patterns that implements oscillation? |
| work_o2oaxbrcbvbbpmsxwkbwixp5jy | What, then, is the explanatory role being played by the pattern? |
| work_o2oaxbrcbvbbpmsxwkbwixp5jy | compromised in shift- work disorder, familial advanced sleep phase syndrome, jet lag, and other circadian interruptions? |
| work_osgu5hmqsnfkraqoob6rvx2gqe | “ Aligning Multiple Research Techniques in Cognitive Neuroscience: Why Is It Important? ” Philosophy of Science 69( Proceedings): S48–S58. |
| work_p54jfxnjfngazjujfbu2edkdxi | How could this happen? |
| work_mk6y5g4h6zcp7e2suybk4q2kii | But how can we incorporate the necessary quantitative information into this causal model? |
| work_mk6y5g4h6zcp7e2suybk4q2kii | Gebharter, Alexander( 2014),"A Formal Framework for Representing Mechanisms? |
| work_mk6y5g4h6zcp7e2suybk4q2kii | If it has no causal content itself, as this reply contends, then what is its content? |
| work_mk6y5g4h6zcp7e2suybk4q2kii | Is it just a set of equations that can be used to generate a causal model? |
| work_mk6y5g4h6zcp7e2suybk4q2kii | My answer to this reply is the following: If this is correct, then what is the differential Goldbeter model for? |
| work_mk6y5g4h6zcp7e2suybk4q2kii | So why not consider the differential equation model itself as a structural causal model? |
| work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi | Is structural realism the best of both worlds? |
| work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi | Structural realism: epistemology or metaphysics? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi Structural realism: the best of both worlds?" |
| work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi | What Is Quantum Mechanics Trying to Tell Us? |
| work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi | What is structural empiricism? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi ( Worrall, p. 110) What is this''no miracles''argument, and how is it supporting the second claim? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi And what is the support for this contention? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi Are n''t such distinctions painfully context- dependent? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi Are you describing nature, or just putting it into a beautiful mathematical format? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi But beyond this, what authority does the old theory have, that would entitle it to be respected and even duplicated in any part of its world picture? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi But if that is a good explanation now, why not then also? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi But it would be no more than the very success which the realists require to be explained.9 So what additions do the realists introduce? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi But what is this agreement? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi But what is this coincidence besides agreement on an observable phenomenon? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi By themselves, do these contentions explain the empirical success? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi How are those appearances saved? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi How is structural realism supported? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi Is Hertz''mechanics a theory of physical systems or of mathematical structures? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi Is there really an objective difference in nature, as opposed to merely in our representations of nature? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi Let''s take an illustrative example: is n''t the stronger requirement violated in the transition from Aristotelian to Cartesian or Newtonian physics? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi Must n''t the theory also say what that something is? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi My question is: how can we account for the continuous increase in the empirical success of science? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi Now, what are we to make of that? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi Realists attempt instead to answer: what explains the empirical success of science ueberhaupt? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi Should n''t the question What explains the success of this successful theory? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi So what was that popular philosophy? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi What can we make of this? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi What do the Cartesians think of Newton''s success? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi What do we know of the world behind the phenomena? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi What exactly is the difference between matter and form, content and structure? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi van Fraassen 20 Is radical structuralism coherent? work_f7ncsfgekrddpetrg2gcmjmoqi van Fraassen 24 Finally, what of the third claim, that the truth latched onto concerns solely structural features? work_mvbccthqrzfdfat2ulgk4pcwd4 Are phenomena multiply realizable( or rather multiply constitutable) by different mechanisms? work_mvbccthqrzfdfat2ulgk4pcwd4 But, then, what are the objects and how are they related to the mechanism? work_mvbccthqrzfdfat2ulgk4pcwd4 Campaner, R.[ 2006]: ‘ Mechanisms and Counterfactuals: A Different Glimpse of the( Secret?) work_mvbccthqrzfdfat2ulgk4pcwd4 To see this consider the following question that demands an explanation of a disposition: ‘ What makes the glass fragile? ’( Ylikoski[ 2013]). work_mvbccthqrzfdfat2ulgk4pcwd4 What about the second interpretation? work_mvbccthqrzfdfat2ulgk4pcwd4 What are higher- level interventions, in contrast to lower- level interventions? work_mvbccthqrzfdfat2ulgk4pcwd4 [ 2012]: ‘ What is a mechanism? work_mvbccthqrzfdfat2ulgk4pcwd4 it gives one answer to the question ‘ What are constitutive mechanistic phenomena? ’). work_nlbojvgckvd7hm5oz7sq4kgu7y ( b) What is statistical mechanical entropy? work_nlbojvgckvd7hm5oz7sq4kgu7y Bricmont, Jean( 1995), “ Science of Chaos or Chaos in Science? ”, Physicalia 17: 159–208. work_nlbojvgckvd7hm5oz7sq4kgu7y But why define equilibrium in this binary way? work_nlbojvgckvd7hm5oz7sq4kgu7y How Do We Define Equilibrium? work_nlbojvgckvd7hm5oz7sq4kgu7y Is it possible to designate a part of as the equilibrium state? work_nlbojvgckvd7hm5oz7sq4kgu7y So is there a single equilibrium macrostate? work_nlbojvgckvd7hm5oz7sq4kgu7y and( c) What is the object of study? work_p7dpvfnx75dffgqjjk7oteknti In other words, how does the human brain call it? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi But what follows from the fact that Fred can imagine this proposition, which he knows is false( since he knows he is on Sunday)? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi Can people survive teleportation? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi Does shifted conditioning commit us to Lewisian halfing? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi Finally, what does the present account say about the Sleeping Beauty problem? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi How is Fred ’s Sunday credence divided between these alternatives? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi I want to look at a different question: what should Fred ’s successors believe when they awaken on Monday and on Tuesday? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi If Fred were omniscient, would he know which of the supposedly two possibilities is actual? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi If there are two Freds on Sunday, are there also two utterances? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi Many Worlds? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi More precisely, how should their beliefs relate to Fred ’s beliefs before he went to sleep on Sunday? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi Now how confident should his successors be that they are on Monday? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi What are they? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi What should Fred ’s Monday successor believe once he learns that he is on Monday? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi What should they believe about the outcome of the coin toss? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi What update process would you implement for the amoebae ’s beliefs so as to make optimal use of the previously collected information? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi When an agent undergoes fission, how should the beliefs of the fission results relate to the pre- fission beliefs? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi Which of the persons awakening on the two moons, if any, is identical to the person going to sleep on Sunday? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi Who is the referent of ‘ I ’? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi Why care about this far- fetched situation? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi Would it nevertheless make sense for him to wonder where he will wake up? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi [ Ninan 2009] supports this by an appeal to imagination: could n’t Fred imagine waking up on Monday and not on Tuesday? work_ibvldgelqvb75engfg5pxzgthi without any relevant evidence, to be certain that they are on Monday, or on Tuesday? work_nw364nloqrhb3guxgdc4dyzzku Achinstein ’s reaction to this general criticism is strong: who cares if we have ES evidence? work_nw364nloqrhb3guxgdc4dyzzku Is Achinstein correct in thinking scientists want a concept of evidence defined as( 1)–(4)? work_nw364nloqrhb3guxgdc4dyzzku We can appreciate the distinction but which one captures the more ‘ ‘ important ’ ’ aspect of justification? work_nw364nloqrhb3guxgdc4dyzzku Who after all would think e was evidence for h if h was false? work_okyf45anwfhnvcezc43x3iugti Domain For Sale Buy Now or make an offer What Are the Advantages of a Super Premium.Com Domain? work_okyf45anwfhnvcezc43x3iugti How about searching for one instead? work_okyf45anwfhnvcezc43x3iugti Read the Guide Why Purchase? work_kkwrwqnah5dxhh26o5oiqp6tnq Does thismean thatKuhn ’s wake- up call to philosophers to pay atten- tion to history was misguided? work_kkwrwqnah5dxhh26o5oiqp6tnq Have we not been able to see clearly through the lens of logic to important structural characteristics of, for example, explanation and conªrmation? work_kkwrwqnah5dxhh26o5oiqp6tnq Inwhat sense is phi- losophy of science without history blind? work_kkwrwqnah5dxhh26o5oiqp6tnq It is just that taken together nothingmuch is left. Havewe taken awrong turn somewhere? work_kkwrwqnah5dxhh26o5oiqp6tnq Let us start with a big question, which is continually begged: just what constitutes a case study? work_kkwrwqnah5dxhh26o5oiqp6tnq So, what is the point of contextualization? work_kkwrwqnah5dxhh26o5oiqp6tnq What is it that history is supposed to supply? work_kkwrwqnah5dxhh26o5oiqp6tnq What would it mean for Galileo to make a scientiªc observation of themoons of Jupiter? work_kkwrwqnah5dxhh26o5oiqp6tnq Whatdophilosophers expect to accomplishby appealing tohistory and historical contexts? work_my4kimhyprhidblaizylhmz224 # ese questions include: Are chemical bonds real? work_my4kimhyprhidblaizylhmz224 How does this simple molecular orbital model conform to experiment? work_my4kimhyprhidblaizylhmz224 How well does the Heitler- London model predict the measurable properties of H – H bonds? work_my4kimhyprhidblaizylhmz224 If bonds are not real, is the phenomenon of bonding real? work_my4kimhyprhidblaizylhmz224 If so, how should this phenomenon be characterized? work_my4kimhyprhidblaizylhmz224 If so, should we think of them as entities? work_my4kimhyprhidblaizylhmz224 What do these valence bond models say about our three criteria for the struc- tural conception of bonds? work_my4kimhyprhidblaizylhmz224 What is a chemical bond? work_my4kimhyprhidblaizylhmz224 What is the relationship between molecular structure and bonding? work_nyb4y3kvlrdrxalkfzpuzf5zdq 123 312 Synthese( 2010) 177:301–316 4.4 Is there an obligation to do SRPOS? work_nyb4y3kvlrdrxalkfzpuzf5zdq A new program for philosophy of science?. work_nrdhftlbxfa3vfg453clb3nsai Belot, Gordon( 2005), “ Whose Devil? work_nrdhftlbxfa3vfg453clb3nsai But which limit is actually used in the methods? work_nrdhftlbxfa3vfg453clb3nsai Do they involve novel reference? work_nrdhftlbxfa3vfg453clb3nsai When an analysis takes this limit, is it forming an approximation or an idealization? work_nrdhftlbxfa3vfg453clb3nsai Which Details? ” Philosophy of Science, 72, pp. work_o4jamilzzrfkrhwmgypf4yzf4y Be that as it may, S1, a free U(1) gauge theory, can indeed be defined independently – can we at least describe it along the lines suggested by( A)? work_o4jamilzzrfkrhwmgypf4yzf4y Notes from Simons Workshop, insti.physics.sunysb.edu/conf/simonswork7/talks/Giombi.pdf? work_o4jamilzzrfkrhwmgypf4yzf4y Why gauge? work_o4jamilzzrfkrhwmgypf4yzf4y Why is a gauge- dependent quantity like the gauge field A so good at capturing information about how it couples to other fields? work_o4jamilzzrfkrhwmgypf4yzf4y by asking the question: what are the analogs of the interacting subsystems S1 and S2 that appear in his parable? work_n4waatxkyzg6vf2zrixpacarmq But now Norton might take a different line: what then is the purpose of the formal schema, or formal criteria, put forward by these theories? work_n4waatxkyzg6vf2zrixpacarmq Finally, you are not aware of any analogues that fail to hold in the target( No critical dis- analogy) — that ’s what we mean by writing “? work_n4waatxkyzg6vf2zrixpacarmq What do we want from a theory of analogy? work_n4waatxkyzg6vf2zrixpacarmq What happens if we drop the assumption that Hesse ’s and Bartha ’s theories are meant to be formal logics of analogy? work_ohckdac7xzgt7cprj2i3tekvte Dugatkin, Lee Alan( 2002), “ Will Peace Follow? ”, Biology and Philosophy 17: 519–522. work_ohckdac7xzgt7cprj2i3tekvte What follows? work_ohckdac7xzgt7cprj2i3tekvte — — —( 1999), “ Realism, Essence, and Kind: Resuscitating Species Essentialism? ”, in Robert A. Wilson( ed. work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia 10 P fare any better? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia ? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia ?? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia ?? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia ?? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia ?? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia ?? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia ?? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia ?? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia ?? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia ?? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia ?? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia But can it be cured? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia But how then should the informal philosopher of science discuss quantum mechanics or general relativity or string theory? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia But what sorts of things are allowed to be in the class of models? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia But what would “ informal philosophy of science ” look like? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia Can we recover T from Mod(T)? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia Does the set Mod(T) contain as much information as the syntactic object T? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia How then should Mod(T) and Mod(T ′) be distinguished from each other? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia If two theories are equivalent, does it follow that each model of the first is isomorphic to a model of the second? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia Is this a good analysis of what is going on here? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia Should the informal philosopher of science eschew all use of mathematical notation or concepts? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia Should we try to cure it? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia So, if I hand you two classes of models, say M and M′, under what conditions should you say that they are the same theory? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia So, within the bounds of mathematics, what is a model? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia Then which formulation 12 of the theory should we use to evaluating the isomorphism claim? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia What does it mean to say that the seven point model m1 is embeddable in the Euclidean model m2? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia What does the semantic view say about the relation between the theories B and S? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia What is a mathematical structure? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia What is structural realism? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia What is the definition of “ embedding ” that is being used? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia What sort of attitude is this belief in T? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia What ’s wrong with the received view of evolutionary theory? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia Why would we call two different syntactic theories different formula- tions of the same theory unless they had the same class of models? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia as depicted in the diagram of interpretations: E2 E3 E≤3 E2 I2 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � E≤3 E3 I3 � �? work_fymfvwsjcveb7li2pnkn6tflia hhalvors@princeton.edu 1 mailto:hhalvors@princeton.edu to the syntactic view? work_pjp2ynnftfc6fbpuzfqk7el4ta Wolff, Johanna( 2011): ‘ Do Objects Depend on Structures? ’, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, doi: 10.1093/ bjps/ axr041. work_kujhacndlrfrrmro2kbsjh7uta ( 2): How many worlds? work_kujhacndlrfrrmro2kbsjh7uta 4.2.1 Can the perdurantist appeal to them? work_kujhacndlrfrrmro2kbsjh7uta But does my sort of perdurantist give up? work_kujhacndlrfrrmro2kbsjh7uta F. Arntzenius( 2000),` Are there really instantaneous velocities? work_kujhacndlrfrrmro2kbsjh7uta I agree that this assumption is controversial: why not just interpret each theory on its own, as best you can? work_kujhacndlrfrrmro2kbsjh7uta Robinson 1989 p. 405- 406; Hawley 2001 p. 81)? work_kujhacndlrfrrmro2kbsjh7uta S. Smith( 2003),` Are instantaneous velocities real and really instantaneous? work_kujhacndlrfrrmro2kbsjh7uta The metaphysical literature invariably assumes position to be temporally intrinsic: why? work_kujhacndlrfrrmro2kbsjh7uta the notion of persisting spatial points? work_kujhacndlrfrrmro2kbsjh7uta whether the frames are dragged, and if so, how|counterfactual? work_p6lau7nnwjccjamwmhnf7zuaaa Bickle( 1998) refers to this challenge as the “ put up or shut up ” challenge: where are the reductions? work_p6lau7nnwjccjamwmhnf7zuaaa But what is a mechanism? work_p2hhvvzwpzew3ejnvlwcvbnqem Milne, P.[ 1986]: ‘ Can there be a Realist Single- Case Interpretation of Probability? ’, Erkenntnis, 25, pp. work_nb5d7q3xyfbtndx4aou4xz3loa 10 What about information flow then? work_nb5d7q3xyfbtndx4aou4xz3loa 6 How Does Evolution Create Information? work_nb5d7q3xyfbtndx4aou4xz3loa How do we decide what probabilities these interventions take? work_nb5d7q3xyfbtndx4aou4xz3loa Note that I(S 1; A) and I(S 2; A) are always equivalent, regardless of the probability distribution of W2 How does this network behave? work_nb5d7q3xyfbtndx4aou4xz3loa Should Skyrms ’s measure distinguish between these two signals? work_nb5d7q3xyfbtndx4aou4xz3loa What can we say about the information in signalling channel S 2, using the measure Skyrms provides? work_nb5d7q3xyfbtndx4aou4xz3loa What does he mean by flow? work_nb5d7q3xyfbtndx4aou4xz3loa What if we are interested in how much information, on average, we expect the lanterns to provide? work_moyvqzp2sbh4tcmjonamgegiru 2015 “ How do causes depend on us? work_moyvqzp2sbh4tcmjonamgegiru 3 What makes a classical causal model causal? work_moyvqzp2sbh4tcmjonamgegiru 6 3 What makes a classical causal model causal? work_moyvqzp2sbh4tcmjonamgegiru Can one reconstruct the correct W matrix from the observed statistics of outcomes at A, B and S? work_moyvqzp2sbh4tcmjonamgegiru Firstly, what are the points of contact between such causal models and the world? work_moyvqzp2sbh4tcmjonamgegiru How does one go about attaching probabilities to such a structure? work_moyvqzp2sbh4tcmjonamgegiru How is it possible to di ↵ erentiate between these two structures using such an intervention? work_moyvqzp2sbh4tcmjonamgegiru In virtue of what, exactly, is a causal model a representation of causal structure? work_moyvqzp2sbh4tcmjonamgegiru So how much data is enough? work_moyvqzp2sbh4tcmjonamgegiru “ What Is Wrong with Bayes Nets?. ” The Monist 84:242- 264. work_nvfh42hbbbh5fh4267bls4duwi And how does its account of empirical adequacy differ from that within the syntactic conception? work_nvfh42hbbbh5fh4267bls4duwi How are we to understand this apparent contradiction? work_nvfh42hbbbh5fh4267bls4duwi What exactly are those ‘ models ’ models of, and how may they be characterized independently of language? work_nvfh42hbbbh5fh4267bls4duwi “ Modelling as indirect Representation? work_nvfh42hbbbh5fh4267bls4duwi “ Whither structuralism for scientific representation? ” PhD diss., University of Florence, 2015. work_nvfh42hbbbh5fh4267bls4duwi “ Who is a Modeler? ” British Journal for the Philosophy Science 58:207- 33. work_mm7tncuhbnd57hkqtfqzf75yee Are they natural science? work_mm7tncuhbnd57hkqtfqzf75yee Are they social sciences? work_mm7tncuhbnd57hkqtfqzf75yee Can educational sciences follow this path? work_mm7tncuhbnd57hkqtfqzf75yee Can we search again a new alternative or not? work_mm7tncuhbnd57hkqtfqzf75yee In what sense can we adopt such points of view? work_mm7tncuhbnd57hkqtfqzf75yee In whose interest can we produce explanations? work_mm7tncuhbnd57hkqtfqzf75yee Science should answer to questions like: Why? work_mm7tncuhbnd57hkqtfqzf75yee What can we do? work_mm7tncuhbnd57hkqtfqzf75yee What for? work_mm7tncuhbnd57hkqtfqzf75yee Why after making a lot of efforts we could n’t explain what kind of sciences are educational sciences? work_mm7tncuhbnd57hkqtfqzf75yee Why the implementation process of the same official curriculum could have sometimes so different results? work_ozpqyjyna5glddgbnkq6u2ngrm How successful is it? work_ozpqyjyna5glddgbnkq6u2ngrm Perhaps content has an explanatory role because, on Dretske ’s view, the content simply is or is determined by the nomic correlation? work_ozpqyjyna5glddgbnkq6u2ngrm Which of our psychological theories posit entities that ful � ll that description? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu . ”? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu 23 Con(A′RC) Con(ZḞ) Con(ARC) Con(ZFC+) Con(CVN)Con(ZFC) 6? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu 25 5.2 Classes and Membership: Superfluous or Unavoidable? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu But why should we face these challenges at all? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu Has set- theory risen from its ashes, stronger than ever, and successfully founded category- theory? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu If these proposals are so exessively comprehensive as this author says they are, then why have they been seriously considered in the first place? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu Is it really a set? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu Is it safe? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu Is it something completely different from what is usually understood by the membership- relation? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu Is this relation not exactly ∈ as we know and love it? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu Now, what else can such a fixed range be but a class? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu So can we conclude there are no troubles anymore in Cantor ’s Paradise? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu What is so interesting about them? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu What is that anti- symmetric, irreflexive relation? work_ky5dghvo5zflxanqojp5cftnvu Why do we desire to have classes be- sides sets and not some other mathematical object? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem 2]: • Is this theory consistent? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem 4? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem ? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem ? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem ? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem ? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem ? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem Can we justify our belief in the ex- istence of other minds and how? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem How can we decide which out of a group of competing theories is the best? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem How can we get rid of false theories? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem How can we justify our theories or beliefs? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem How does our knowledge grow? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem Is it possible to justify our theories rationally? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem Is the theory that other minds exist better or worse than the theory that they do not? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem PPPPPPPq? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem Should the history of science be rated X? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem This led through various trials and errors to a new problem: how can we provide the roads and parking places needed for your cars? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem We have a tendency 9? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem What are good ways of criticising theories What does a justification consist of? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem What can we know? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem justificationist anti- justificationist What do we know? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem • Does it, maybe, solve some other problem? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem • Does this theory successfully solve the problem it was put forward to solve? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem • Is this theory better than its rivals? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem • Is this theory consistent with observed facts? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem • Is this theory empirical? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem • Is this theory in conflict with some element of the dominant cultural worldview? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem • Is this theory in conflict with some other scientific theory that is well established? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem • Is this theory in conflict with the methodology of its parent discipline? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem • What makes one theory better than another? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem • What problem is this theory intended to solve? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem • Why do scientists reject some theories? work_gnup2re7sjesrpyozev6bxtuem � � � � � � �)? work_nqqxp7esujbztoulqw5kzjrxbm But how would one argue for a correspondence relation along the lines of 6? work_nqqxp7esujbztoulqw5kzjrxbm How does dubbing PT “ emergent ” illuminate our understanding of them or of their scientific accounts? work_nqqxp7esujbztoulqw5kzjrxbm How is this philosophically insightful? work_nqqxp7esujbztoulqw5kzjrxbm Mainwood, P. R.( 2006) “ Is More Different? work_nqqxp7esujbztoulqw5kzjrxbm Styer, D. F.( 2004) “ What Good is the Thermodynamic Limit? ” American Journal of Physics 72(1):25- 29. work_nqqxp7esujbztoulqw5kzjrxbm The question arises, how come unfaithful representations work so well? work_nqqxp7esujbztoulqw5kzjrxbm The question, of course, is why would one endorse tenet 6? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 14 But is this really a convincing reconstruction of lawish statements in the special sciences? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 20 What is the pay- off of invariance theory? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 4.1 Universality1& 2: System Laws Are special science laws universal in the first and the second dimension of universality? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 A methodological question immediately comes to mind: how can one test these statements? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 And, if this is not the case: how does one distinguish important disturbing factors from irrelevant ones? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 Are all( possible) disturbing factors equally important? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 But what does it mean to be universal, and, respectively, non- universal? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 Does this characterization of lawish statements in the special sciences as system laws mean that special science laws are non- universal2? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 Does this characterization of system laws mean that special science laws are non- universal1? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 First, does adopting the view that lawish statements in the special sciences are quasi- Newtonian laws avoid Lange ’s Dilemma? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 How do scientists actually test statements of this kind in practice? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 How? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 Is there an alternative reconstruction? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 The decisive question is: Can special science laws be lawish and still be non- universal4? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 What Is a Law of Nature?, Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 the fact that special science laws are sensitive to external factors? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 “ Are There Laws in the Social Sciences? work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 “ Can Mechanisms Really Replace Laws of Nature?. ” Philosophy of Science 77, 317- 340. work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 “ How is biological explanation possible?. ”, British Journal for Philosophy of Science 52, 735- 760. work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 “ Is Non- Reductive Conceptual Analysis A Meta- Philosophical Problem for Theories of Causation? ”, Logique et Analyse. work_jlq7qckmjzcj7brdqok32lvgb4 “ Who ’s Afraid of Ceteris Paribus Laws? work_okzkxve65vhfpithvvoopiwrka So is S pluripotent? work_okzkxve65vhfpithvvoopiwrka We know that the PLF does many things; what could possibly justify calling it the visual word form area? work_okzkxve65vhfpithvvoopiwrka What ’s the function of S? work_okzkxve65vhfpithvvoopiwrka What ’s the most general description that covers both cases? work_okzkxve65vhfpithvvoopiwrka Why is reverse inference difficult in practice? work_okzkxve65vhfpithvvoopiwrka “ Can Cognitive Processes Be Inferred from Neu- roimaging Data? ” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(2):59–63. work_mmvnrnemsjdvbhdaeduzdylxoq And how do probabilistic facts relate to non- probabilistic facts? work_mmvnrnemsjdvbhdaeduzdylxoq For example, why do you have a conscious experience as of a live cat, when your visual cortex is in such- and- such a state? work_mmvnrnemsjdvbhdaeduzdylxoq How do conscious facts relate to non- conscious facts? work_mmvnrnemsjdvbhdaeduzdylxoq How then can we infer the probability from the observed frequency? work_mmvnrnemsjdvbhdaeduzdylxoq If every action is sure to be followed by all its possible results, then what does it matter what we do? work_mmvnrnemsjdvbhdaeduzdylxoq This means that there is room to ask: why are rational agents well advised to choose actions that make their desired results objectively probable? work_mmvnrnemsjdvbhdaeduzdylxoq Why are frequencies evidence for probabilities? work_mmvnrnemsjdvbhdaeduzdylxoq Why should we accept the many minds account of what it would be like to have a superposed brain? work_mmvnrnemsjdvbhdaeduzdylxoq Why suppose the quantum mechanical coefficients are genuine probabilities? work_mmvnrnemsjdvbhdaeduzdylxoq Why, on the conventional view, is it consciously like something to be such a physical system? work_mtpboxsmqfgrnfqfgqzyll4rwi 489 Can Conditioning on the “ Past Hypothesis ” Militate Against the Reversibility Objections? work_mtpboxsmqfgrnfqfgqzyll4rwi But how do we conclude that the cooler is highly likely to be in such a region? work_mtpboxsmqfgrnfqfgqzyll4rwi But what might assure us that such an inference is valid? work_mtpboxsmqfgrnfqfgqzyll4rwi Can Principle 3 Be Restricted? work_mtpboxsmqfgrnfqfgqzyll4rwi If we were willing to accept P1 and P2 on the grounds that they had been “ made plausible, ” why not P3? work_mtpboxsmqfgrnfqfgqzyll4rwi So how will a defender of Albert ’s proposal try to underpin these in- ferences? work_mtpboxsmqfgrnfqfgqzyll4rwi So the question is: what is the status of P3? work_mtpboxsmqfgrnfqfgqzyll4rwi The question is: what should we replace it with? work_mtpboxsmqfgrnfqfgqzyll4rwi Why not, in other words, suggest that P3 only applies to subspaces that represent subsystems at time when they are not energetically isolated? work_n4hsxcgghve43ppsv2nzqwbewm ''Do the Laws of Physics State the Facts?'' work_n4hsxcgghve43ppsv2nzqwbewm ''The environment and disease: assocation or causation?'' work_n4hsxcgghve43ppsv2nzqwbewm ''What Is''Normal''? work_n4hsxcgghve43ppsv2nzqwbewm ''Who''s Afraid of Ceteris- Paribus Laws? work_n4hsxcgghve43ppsv2nzqwbewm But Can Models Reveal Capacities?'' work_n4hsxcgghve43ppsv2nzqwbewm But are n’t CP laws false? work_n4hsxcgghve43ppsv2nzqwbewm Causality in Crisis? work_n4hsxcgghve43ppsv2nzqwbewm Causality in Crisis? work_kwh433qgqjeknj67xtbfpkflty Also, how do we distinguish between different particle kinds ‘ governed ’ by the same groups? work_kwh433qgqjeknj67xtbfpkflty But, can coherentism be taken seriously at all? work_kwh433qgqjeknj67xtbfpkflty In what sense does contemporary science, especially physics, invite us to think about reality in structural terms? work_kwh433qgqjeknj67xtbfpkflty Morganti, M.[ 2015]: Dependence, Justification and Explanation: Must Reality Be Well- Founded?, Erkenntnis, 80, 555- 572. work_kwh433qgqjeknj67xtbfpkflty OSR and Metaphysical Coherentism What next? work_kwh433qgqjeknj67xtbfpkflty Or just particular representations that remain at the abstract level? work_kwh433qgqjeknj67xtbfpkflty Perhaps OSRists need to turn to a metaphysical relation different from ontological dependence? work_kwh433qgqjeknj67xtbfpkflty What is the resulting metaphysics, exactly? work_kwh433qgqjeknj67xtbfpkflty [ 1998]: What is Structural Realism?, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 29, 409- 424. work_kwh433qgqjeknj67xtbfpkflty [ 2011]: Is Metaphysical Dependence Irreflexive?, The Monist, 94, 267- 276. work_kwh433qgqjeknj67xtbfpkflty [ 2012]: Do Objects Depend on Structures?, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 63, 607- 625. work_kwh433qgqjeknj67xtbfpkflty [ 2015]: Is Mereology Empirical? work_kwh433qgqjeknj67xtbfpkflty [ forthcoming]: What is Matter? work_oeqyb46q35cedphunyq3i2vs5e Do they think of it as specifying standalone model systems that have a measure of independence from the world? work_oeqyb46q35cedphunyq3i2vs5e Or do they treat models as creative portrayals of actual phenomena? work_oeqyb46q35cedphunyq3i2vs5e We may ask: How do modelers view their work? work_oesqpiwmlbbnjk6cze6663iyom Are any or all of these subphyla clades? work_oesqpiwmlbbnjk6cze6663iyom Cladistic analysis or cladistic classification? work_oesqpiwmlbbnjk6cze6663iyom If not, which ones are paraphyletic with respect to which? work_oesqpiwmlbbnjk6cze6663iyom If so, how are they interrelated? work_oesqpiwmlbbnjk6cze6663iyom This may appear to be a substantial chunk of information, but what exactly does it tell us? work_oesqpiwmlbbnjk6cze6663iyom Would anyone think that ‘ On the Origin of Subclasses ’ would somehow be a conceptually different book from ‘ On the Origin of Superorders ’? work_nsaxpqjlifcbnk3zlpv5cgvay4 Are Ecology and Evolutionary BiologySoft"Sciences? |
| work_nsaxpqjlifcbnk3zlpv5cgvay4 | Explanation v. Prediction: Which Carries More Weight? |
| work_nsaxpqjlifcbnk3zlpv5cgvay4 | How important is it to evaluate and control for erroneous inferences of theory rejections and theory likelihoods? |
| work_nsaxpqjlifcbnk3zlpv5cgvay4 | Mitochondria and plastids as endosymbionts: a revival of special creation? |
| work_nsaxpqjlifcbnk3zlpv5cgvay4 | What''s Wrong with the Received View of Evolutionary Biology? |
| work_nsaxpqjlifcbnk3zlpv5cgvay4 | Why did Einstein''s Programme Supersede Lorentz''s? |
| work_nsaxpqjlifcbnk3zlpv5cgvay4 | Why do Biologists Argue Like They Do? |
| work_lwpfs2nk4vawzc7u7h62putxle | 1 Evolutionary Forces 2 Selection and Drift 3 Evolutionary and Newtonian Forces 4 Is Natural Selection a Cause? |
| work_lwpfs2nk4vawzc7u7h62putxle | 3 Evolutionary and Newtonian Forces Are drift and selection forces? |
| work_lwpfs2nk4vawzc7u7h62putxle | 4 Is Natural Selection a Cause? |
| work_lwpfs2nk4vawzc7u7h62putxle | 6 Tim Lewens Why does Sober reject this way of comparing selection and drift? |
| work_lwpfs2nk4vawzc7u7h62putxle | Could one not just as easily construe coin tossing as having two components, one ‘ deterministic ’, the other ‘ stochastic ’? |
| work_lwpfs2nk4vawzc7u7h62putxle | Does it undermine Sober ’s account of the relationship between selection and drift? |
| work_lwpfs2nk4vawzc7u7h62putxle | How many Bs will there be? |
| work_lwpfs2nk4vawzc7u7h62putxle | In answer to the question ‘ What is natural selection? ’ it seems there are two good answers. |
| work_lwpfs2nk4vawzc7u7h62putxle | So why should we understand fitness in a way that makes type A fitter than type B in the above example? |
| work_lwpfs2nk4vawzc7u7h62putxle | Why construe natural selection as broadly as this, but no more broadly? |
| work_lwpfs2nk4vawzc7u7h62putxle | Why not insist equally stringently on using fitness, and hence selection, to cover only the first type of fact? |
| work_lwpfs2nk4vawzc7u7h62putxle | Why not keep an equally tight distinction between facts about likely number of offspring and facts about variance in offspring number? |
| work_ozhgny7u7nef5nc5jbyzyd4or4 | But, how do abstract concepts produce and develop in human brain? |
| work_ozhgny7u7nef5nc5jbyzyd4or4 | Why are such surprising results produced after the interruption of thinking? |
| work_npuptpyexnbs5cqtbeyeawrfya | Are random drift and natural selection conceptually distinct? |
| work_npuptpyexnbs5cqtbeyeawrfya | Null versus neutral models: what''s the difference? |
| work_npuptpyexnbs5cqtbeyeawrfya | Why do biologists argue like they do? |
| work_npuptpyexnbs5cqtbeyeawrfya | Community ecologists investigate questions such as: How many species of tree are there on an island, and why are most of them rare? |
| work_npuptpyexnbs5cqtbeyeawrfya | What evidence and reasoning supports using the neutral theory to supply the baseline model? |
| work_npuptpyexnbs5cqtbeyeawrfya | What then are we to make of Hubbell ’s response to Bell? |
| work_npuptpyexnbs5cqtbeyeawrfya | Why are these conclusions unjustified? |
| work_npuptpyexnbs5cqtbeyeawrfya | Why is one tree species so much more abundant than another? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | 4.2 Is fitness transitive? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | All the produced T- shirts or only the ones that were sold? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | Blackmore([ 2010]) defines the cultural fitness of a melody along similar lines when she asks ‘ what is fitness for a short melody? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | But is this true? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | Do we count instances of the paper( number of times it has been downloaded or printed, say)? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | First, what counts as a cultural generation? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | How do these four components of genetic evolution align with the components of cultural evolution? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | Is cultural fitness hopelessly confused? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | Janzen, D. H.[ 1977]: What are dandelions and aphids?. |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | Or do we count the number of people who have read it, or who have cited it? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | Or only the individuals who bought a T- shirt? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | Second, what distinguishes growth from reproduction? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | So what should we count when we want to know the cultural fitness of the T- shirt design? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | The drawings? |
| work_lhkkebgedzayng62ar6n5xlmhy | What should we count when we measure fitness? |
| work_nrfyhq7juvdapi36inf3vgvsyu | As Matthen puts it: Should[ the systems responsible for the representation of time] be regarded as transducers for a sense of time? |
| work_nrfyhq7juvdapi36inf3vgvsyu | How then do we individuate the sensory system if not through introspection? |
| work_nrfyhq7juvdapi36inf3vgvsyu | That is, do periods of time cause them to emit a pulse that carries information about these periods of time? |
| work_nrfyhq7juvdapi36inf3vgvsyu | What then distinguishes what we would typically describe as the sensory content of the system from all this informational mess? |
| work_nrfyhq7juvdapi36inf3vgvsyu | [ 2000]: A circadian pacemaker in free- living chipmunks: essential for survival? |
| work_nrfyhq7juvdapi36inf3vgvsyu | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642- 25950- 0_1 Buhusi, C. V.,& Meck, W. H.[ 2005]: What makes us tick? |
| work_nrfyhq7juvdapi36inf3vgvsyu | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.047 Lopes, D. M. M.[ 2000]: What is It Like to See with Your Ears? |
| work_nrfyhq7juvdapi36inf3vgvsyu | https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1764 Buonomano, D. V.,& Karmarkar, U. R.[ 2002]: How do we tell time? |
| work_qifj576xwbfavn5hzm3ox3gh7u | How can it be possible to state the actual law by a comparison of the actual history with possible histories that do not obey it? |
| work_pqhgcn6fnvbfndrtonjsx3spki | Writing y= anzn, a> 0, h,(x)=+( xllm)= A?. |
| work_nb4tkpce7zcpfhxaasbyd42ire | ( 1989), “ The Concept of Idiotypic Network: Deficient, or Premature? ”, in H. Atlan and I. R. Cohen( eds. |
| work_nb4tkpce7zcpfhxaasbyd42ire | ( 1994), The Immune Self: Theory or Metaphor? |
| work_nb4tkpce7zcpfhxaasbyd42ire | A Conceptual Shift? |
| work_nb4tkpce7zcpfhxaasbyd42ire | A New Approach? |
| work_nb4tkpce7zcpfhxaasbyd42ire | How might immunologists formally utilize this context in which to conduct studies relevant to ‘ ecological physiology ’? |
| work_nb4tkpce7zcpfhxaasbyd42ire | How might immunology be regarded from an ecological perspective? |
| work_nb4tkpce7zcpfhxaasbyd42ire | Indeed, why consider such a framework? |
| work_nb4tkpce7zcpfhxaasbyd42ire | Janeway, C. A., Jr.( 1989), “ Approaching the Asymptote? |
| work_nb4tkpce7zcpfhxaasbyd42ire | Movement toward this goal is evident, but what is systems biology? |
| work_nb4tkpce7zcpfhxaasbyd42ire | — — —( 2000), “ Moving beyond the Immune Self? ”, Seminars in Immunology 12: 241–248. |
| work_pg6ruirwynfobjhqncikiiv6ty | 5 Is the Stable Abstract Principal Principle strongly consistent? |
| work_pg6ruirwynfobjhqncikiiv6ty | Is the( Independence-)Stable Abstract Principal Principle strongly consistent? |
| work_pg6ruirwynfobjhqncikiiv6ty | What should be the result of this second conditionalization? |
| work_ot6ivacimjgfrkde5x7noafyvu | 2, 2- 1) So, do simulations provide understanding at all? |
| work_ot6ivacimjgfrkde5x7noafyvu | Are there systematic and methodological reasons to expect valid knowledge from simulations? |
| work_ot6ivacimjgfrkde5x7noafyvu | But, is that not directly opposed to understanding? |
| work_ot6ivacimjgfrkde5x7noafyvu | Conclusion: A New Mode of Scientific Understanding? |
| work_ot6ivacimjgfrkde5x7noafyvu | Given that simulation is, at least in some cases, highly successful, what is the basis for its validity? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | Does it fit as well as the programme that falls foul of the missing- mechanism argument? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | Does the programme just described fit well with that tradition? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | How can the functionality of a trait explain its presence if not on the grounds that it led to the trait being designed for, or selected for? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | How might we explain the resilience of such an institution or trait? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics[ pp.159- 188] Replies Mindful of Quantum Possibilities[ pp.189- 200] Whither the Minds? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | Is it correct? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | Is it plausible to think that government will be disposed to do this? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | So how can functional accounts constitute forms of genuine explanation? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | The lesson? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | What, finally, of the tradition of functionalism in anthropology and sociology? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | Which are more or less incidental or contingent features and which are features apt to last? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | Which are the more or less passing ephemera and which the phenomena that are deeply embedded in the society? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | Why do we find beating hearts, or echolocating devices, or tit- for- tat patterns of behaviour, in this or that species or population? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | Why do we find certain peacemaking ceremonies in this or that culture? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | Why do we find common ideas of time and space, cause and number( Durkheim[ 1948]; see Lukes[ 1973], p. 442)? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | Why do we find religious rituals in various societies? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | Why do we find social stratification the unequal distribution of rights and privileges in modern societies? |
| work_jogafalozjdwxfgc34snqzllxy | Why do we find such and such a trait in this or that sort of organism? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | Are his anti- realism and incommensurability independent but harmonious parts of an overall package? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | But what is the nature of this link? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | But, what kind? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | Is it possible for theories differing in this way to be empirically equivalent? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | Is it that the anti- realism supports the incommensurability thesis rather than the other way round? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | Might not we find ourselves in the position of being unable to choose empirically between the competing hypotheses? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | Or does one view follow from the other? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | Or which, for those who desist from believing but nonetheless ‘ accept ’ and work with a favoured theory, selects that theory as one we accept? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | Should we expect these theories to be empirically equivalent? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | So what rationally non- compulsory factors are they that, for those of us who do choose to believe, fix our choices? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | Traditionally the debate be- tween nominalists and realists has been a metaphysical matter: what is the nature of properties? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | What other hypotheses will explain the datum? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | What should we learn from his connection between van Fraassen and Kuhn? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | structurally — and hence taxonomically — similar)? |
| work_lgcq3kiesvhxpbafpn4ljwgb4i | — — —( 1987) ‘ ‘ What are Scientific Revolutions? ’ ’, in Lorenz Krüger, Lorraine Daston, and Michael Heidelberger( eds. |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | A New Horizon for Information Science? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | Are Relations in Thesauri ‘ Context- Free, Definitional, and True in all Possible Worlds ’? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | Are concepts units of knowledge? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | Does a KOS Need to Contain Universals and Symbolic Structures in Addition to Concepts? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | Does a KOS Need to Contain Universals and Symbolic Structures in Addition to Concepts? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | For example, how do we determine whether X is a kind of A? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | How can this view be called “ realism ” or “ materialism ” as opposed to “ subjectivism ” and “ idealism ”? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | How should we decide this question? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | Is classification necessary after Google? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | Leydesdorff, L. Can scientific journals be classified in terms of aggregated journal- journal citation relations using the Journal Citation Reports? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | Machado, L.; Simões, G.; Gnoli, C.; Souza, R. Can an Ontologically- Oriented KO Do Without Concepts? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | Metadata? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | Section 5.2: What are concepts? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | Section 5.3: Does a KOS need to contain universals and symbolic structures in addition to concepts as claimed by Herre[ 74]( p. 301)? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | Should they be considered synonyms? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | Taxonomies? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | Thesauri? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | This definition partly provides an answer to the problem formulated in the start of this Section 4: are concepts units of knowledge? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | What Are Concepts? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | What Are Concepts? |
| work_jixjefdacvgrtn4qjh6soue7sq | What, then, are concepts? |
| work_qgorfqwkm5dobcrprynus6l33a | In other words, what explains the absence of an evolutionary arms race between sender and receiver? |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | 1 Introduction ‘ The questions “ What is length? ”, “ What is meaning? ”, “ What is the number one? ” etc. |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | 1 Introduction ‘ The questions “ What is length? ”, “ What is meaning? ”, “ What is the number one? ” etc. |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | 1 Introduction ‘ The questions “ What is length? ”, “ What is meaning? ”, “ What is the number one? ” etc. |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | 11 much information get from Alice to Bob? ’, and to undermine further the thought that teleportation must be understood as a flow of information. |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | An unknown quantum state has been sent to Bob; and how else could this have been done? |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | And second, most pressingly, just how does the information get from Alice to Bob? |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | Busch, P.[ 1997]: ‘ Is the quantum state( an) observable? ’, in R. S. Cohen, M. Horne and J. Stachel( eds. |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | But how do things look to Bob? |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | But what might that mean? |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | But why should doing this have associated with it an amount of information? |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | Even if this is not to be construed as a flow of stuff, or the passage of an entity? |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | First, how is so much information transported? |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | Not the( obscure) question ‘ How does information behave? ’. |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | Should we just conclude that it is transported nonlocally in some way? |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | Should we side with Jozsa and Penrose and admit that quantum information may flow backwards in time down a channel constituted by shared entanglement? |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | The genuine question we face is: what are the physical processes that may be used to transmit information? |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | Two questions in particular will find different answers under different interpretations: first, is nonlocality involved in teleportation? |
| work_gs4ekj76lrenbpkny7ha5imz6u | and second, has anything interesting happened before Alice ’s classical bits are sent to Bob and he performs the correct unitary operation? |
| work_qx6b65otxff4jo44szjtz6bqqm | ( 1994) Why do scientists have disagreements about experiment? |
| work_qcp4zxuntzhl5e5acoomfqu5ru | “ Are Rindler Quanta Real? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | 2| WHAT IS THE REPLICABILITY CRISIS? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | 5| WHAT TO DO? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | Also, why has n''t the concern about replicability led to sustainable changes? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | Although the crisis epistemically justifies their motivation, it is also fair to ask, who checks the checkers? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | Behavioral priming: It''s all in the mind, but whose mind? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | Believe it or not: How much can we rely on published data on potential drug targets? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | But how much should you trust? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | Can the behavioral sciences self- correct? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | HISTORY AND EVIDENCE 3 CAUSES OF THE REPLICABILITY CRISIS 4 PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES RAISED BY THE REPLICABILITY CRISIS 5 WHAT TO DO? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | How does one “ open ” science? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | How essential are replications to further the epistemic goals of science? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | If researchers have neglected replication work systematically, is n''t it unsurprising that many published findings do not replicate? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | Is the replicability crisis overblown? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | Priming of social distance? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | Replications in psychology research: How often do they really occur? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | Shall we really do it again? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | Should all scientists in a community engage in replication work or only a selected group? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | Should psychology abandon p values and teach CIs instead? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | The big remaining question is normative: What should we do? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | The great tradition: End of an epoch? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | The replication recipe: What makes for a convincing replication? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | The replication-/credibility- crisis in psychology: Conse- quences at LMU? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | What are the different trade- offs in terms of speed and reliability if we incorporate replication work as an essential part of the research process? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | What is a replication? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | What is a replication? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | What is the epistemic function of rep- lication? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | What should we make of these battles? |
| work_hxn7zpihwrdn3i27bznypk5rma | Who should do replication labor? |
| work_mgpnevy7fjgbhmnpido5luvwci | 3)—of formulating DST ’s hy- pothesis in terms of inherited representations? |
| work_mgpnevy7fjgbhmnpido5luvwci | But how does the larva “ know ”? |
| work_mgpnevy7fjgbhmnpido5luvwci | But is that its function? |
| work_mgpnevy7fjgbhmnpido5luvwci | But they do not offer a clear account of what distinguishes the special develop- mental causes: if not all, which ones are on a par with genes? |
| work_mgpnevy7fjgbhmnpido5luvwci | Does development have the evolutionary function of responding to a range of different ge- notypes with a range of different phenotypes? |
| work_mgpnevy7fjgbhmnpido5luvwci | If you can see an easier way of reaching the result, why copy additional details of the demon- strator ’s action sequence? |
| work_mgpnevy7fjgbhmnpido5luvwci | Is there, then, a consumer for the selected genes that are transmitted to the zygotes of future generations? |
| work_mgpnevy7fjgbhmnpido5luvwci | What, though, is the special property of genes that is shared by some, but not all, nongenetic causes in development? |
| work_mgpnevy7fjgbhmnpido5luvwci | When I ask a baker, “ what ’s good? ” he may just pass me a slice of cake. |
| work_mgpnevy7fjgbhmnpido5luvwci | “ Selfish Genes or Developmental Systems? ” In Thinking about Evo- lution: Historical, Philosophical and Political Perspectives, ed. |
| work_mgpnevy7fjgbhmnpido5luvwci | “ What Is the Developmentalist Challenge? ” Philosophy of Science 65:253–58. |
| work_pjahgqocmfh4tcslprmhd2ioye | Does this mean that the free falling body is not closed from outside? |
| work_pjahgqocmfh4tcslprmhd2ioye | If not, what else could be? |
| work_pjahgqocmfh4tcslprmhd2ioye | What Is a Closed System? |
| work_pjahgqocmfh4tcslprmhd2ioye | What is a closed system with respect to a physical quantity? |
| work_mpxnrkh5jvc6zp7kb2vuk3riju | ( 70) is self- adjoint and symmetrised — why not count R ◦ λ in PhysInd? |
| work_mpxnrkh5jvc6zp7kb2vuk3riju | How was this trick accomplished? |
| work_mpxnrkh5jvc6zp7kb2vuk3riju | Is sentence( 31) perhaps a correct formulation of PII in LQM? |
| work_mpxnrkh5jvc6zp7kb2vuk3riju | Misprint? |
| work_mpxnrkh5jvc6zp7kb2vuk3riju | Saunders, S.[ 2006a]: ‘ Are quantum particles objects? ’, Analysis 66.1( 2006) 52–63. |
| work_mpxnrkh5jvc6zp7kb2vuk3riju | Which physicists did Margenau have in mind in the opening sentence after the semi- colon? |
| work_mpxnrkh5jvc6zp7kb2vuk3riju | [ 1978]: ‘ Does Quantum Mechanics Disprove the Principle of the Identity of In- discernibles? ’, Philosophy of Science 45( 1978) 466–470. |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | # 03170 UCP: PHOS article# 700502 889is structure not enough? |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | But why is it not enough? |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | Even with a background theory at hand,# 03170 UCP: PHOS article# 700502 887is structure not enough? |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | Is Structure Not Enough? |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | Is the above claim trivial? |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | Ladyman, James( 1998a), ‘ ‘ What is Structural Realism? ’ ’, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 29: 409–424. |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | Moreover, it will be# 03170 UCP: PHOS article# 700502 885is structure not enough? |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | Psillos, Stathis( 2001), ‘ ‘ Is Structural Realism Possible? ’ ’, Philosophy of Science 68( Pro- ceedings): S13–S24. |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | Redhead, Michael L. G.( 1993), ‘ ‘ Is the End of Physics in Sight? ’ ’, in Steven French and Harmke Kamminga( eds. |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | So, in what way are the knowledge claims of SR of little worth or importance? |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | V. Then, there exists a# 03170 UCP: PHOS article# 700502 881is structure not enough? |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | Worrall, John( 1989), ‘ ‘ Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds? ’ ’, Dialectica 43: 99 – 124. |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | references Bueno, Otávio( 1999), ‘ ‘ What Is Structural Empiricism? |
| work_lwkycfvjkjfn5exbxajhsxwo2q | to have a way to distinguish the real relations from the fictitious ones? |
| work_rbnzqmaeqrgh3fawufdmeqoipq | 61- 99] Subjective Probabilities as Basis for Scientific Reasoning? |
| work_qtshgqnirva53l4xpaxmvcobzm | Algorithmic learning theory can be introduced just by looking at a quiz like this: 9 → 72, 5 → 20, 7 → 42, 8 → 20, 6 → 30, 3 →?. |
| work_qtshgqnirva53l4xpaxmvcobzm | Turing ’s titanic machine? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | Bellon provides an answer to the question: Why were Darwin ’s ideas accepted by the British scientific community rather than not? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | But is the explication ad hoc? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | Could science be interestingly different? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | How is it related to our wider concerns as human beings? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | How local is this explanation? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | In our terminology, the first type of consideration is about what explains “ Why F rather than F*? ”. |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | Is it not the absence Page 10 of 212 European Journal for Philosophy of Science( 2021) 11: 2 of a monster that is really relevant? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | Is it time to forget science? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | Next, consider second example( 2): Why did an ornithologist spot a rare bird in New York? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | One may continue a metaphysical inquiry and ask what are the grounds for the categorization( universals? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | Page 6 of 212 European Journal for Philosophy of Science( 2021) 11: 2 Take an example( 1): Why was a wallet picked up on a street in New York? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | State of the field: Are the results of science contingent or inevitable? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | That justification must be derived from considerations of a general kind: How is this explanandum related to other significant explananda? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | What is the explanatory role of a telephone here? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | What should the what- if questions be about in such case? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | What should we require from an account of explanation in historiography? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | Which explanation, E1 or E2, should we prefer? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | resemblance? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | what actually happened] would have been the case? ” An example: Why did I eat oatmeal rather than bread? |
| work_i5km32ftyne47foakl7bofkk5e | what actually happened] would have been the case? ” An example: Why did I eat oatmeal rather than bread? |
| work_nuqjl7jhwbhv7j5drw57pmoljm | A Probabilistic Analysis of Causation 38 Why do we judge that these cases of probability- raising do n’t involve causation? |
| work_nuqjl7jhwbhv7j5drw57pmoljm | And yet has n’t the notion of a failure set been designed just to exclude cases involving cut causal chains? |
| work_nuqjl7jhwbhv7j5drw57pmoljm | But do n’t further effects of these independent causes pose a problem? |
| work_nuqjl7jhwbhv7j5drw57pmoljm | Does this admit of the same treatment as the first two? |
| work_nuqjl7jhwbhv7j5drw57pmoljm | Hitchcock, C.[ 2004a]: ‘ Do All and Only Causes Raise the Probabilities of Effects? ’ in Collins, Hall and Paul( eds.) |
| work_nuqjl7jhwbhv7j5drw57pmoljm | Hitchcock, C.[ 2007b]: ‘ What ’s Wrong with Neuron Diagrams? ’, in J. Campbell, M. O’Rourke and H. S. Silverstein( eds. |
| work_nuqjl7jhwbhv7j5drw57pmoljm | How can we characterise such a neutralising event in probabilistic terms? |
| work_nuqjl7jhwbhv7j5drw57pmoljm | Is it plausible to say, in this case, that the consumption of birth control pills was a cause of the creature ’s suffering thrombosis? |
| work_nuqjl7jhwbhv7j5drw57pmoljm | That is, does Doctor ’s administering a low dose of the drug have a positive component effect upon Patient ’s recovery? |
| work_nuqjl7jhwbhv7j5drw57pmoljm | What happens if we go in the other direction, and eliminate the background threat to Thrombosis? |
| work_nuqjl7jhwbhv7j5drw57pmoljm | What, then, is the difference between a link and the failure of a link on a causal chain? |
| work_oo2nl7sfezhzzbddaw75j6b3te | Again, how could we understand such terms if we were not acquainted with the referents of the property names mentioned in the associated description? |
| work_oo2nl7sfezhzzbddaw75j6b3te | ‘ What is Structural Empiricism? |
| work_oo2nl7sfezhzzbddaw75j6b3te | ‘ What is Structural Realism? ’, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 29, 409–424. |
| work_rq43ctq6bffcnb3wkpitzamzki | I now ask: How far short has the student fallen from the goal of a perfect score on all three examinations? |
| work_pa6yswqkvnftxbkqzsmhxm5i2a | ), Emergence or Reduction? |
| work_pa6yswqkvnftxbkqzsmhxm5i2a | 1058 ROBIN FINDLAY HENDRY Were the non- revisionary semi- empirical methods developed merely for pragmatic reasons? |
| work_pa6yswqkvnftxbkqzsmhxm5i2a | Gavroglu, Kostas, and Ana Simoes( 2000), “ One Face or Many? |
| work_pa6yswqkvnftxbkqzsmhxm5i2a | Or may quantum mechanics be adapted as required to the explanatory demands of chemistry? |
| work_pa6yswqkvnftxbkqzsmhxm5i2a | Should mo- lecular quantum mechanics be regarded as a descriptively complete import from physics? |
| work_pa6yswqkvnftxbkqzsmhxm5i2a | — — —( forthcoming), “ Is There Downward Causation in Chemistry? ” in D. Baird, L. McIntyre, and E. Scerri( eds. |
| work_pcmznolxqjcrbaanv4d6q5hi24 | But when is a parameterization scheme a good one? |
| work_pcmznolxqjcrbaanv4d6q5hi24 | Do we have to look at simulation models as a sort of gigantic clockworks? |
| work_pcmznolxqjcrbaanv4d6q5hi24 | Hot New Issues or Same Old Stew?, in: Synthese, 169(3), 593- 613, 2009. |
| work_pcmznolxqjcrbaanv4d6q5hi24 | Modeling the physics has to bring in parameterization schemes.5 How does moisture transport, for example, work? |
| work_pcmznolxqjcrbaanv4d6q5hi24 | Smith, Leonard A., What Might We learn From Climate Forecasts?, in: Proceeedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 4(99), 2002, 2487- 2492. |
| work_pcmznolxqjcrbaanv4d6q5hi24 | The limits of validation What does the erosion of modularity mean for the validation of computer simulations? |
| work_pcmznolxqjcrbaanv4d6q5hi24 | Why should we see these examples as typical instances and not as exceptions? |
| work_nibqabtk2vb6xkfouwlja3n5sa | But first, how far will a more conservative strategy take us? |
| work_nibqabtk2vb6xkfouwlja3n5sa | Can we meaningfully speak of what happened ‘ before the big bang ’? |
| work_nibqabtk2vb6xkfouwlja3n5sa | First, what is the physics of the realm ‘ beyond the big bang ’? |
| work_nibqabtk2vb6xkfouwlja3n5sa | How should we think of this mirror world, and how does it relate to the physics of the more homely late cosmic times? |
| work_nibqabtk2vb6xkfouwlja3n5sa | If so, what kind of physics do they entail for the big bang? |
| work_nibqabtk2vb6xkfouwlja3n5sa | Second, how does that physics connect to the physics of our realm? |
| work_nibqabtk2vb6xkfouwlja3n5sa | So is a theory including such a region empirically incoherent, at least regarding that portion of the universe? |
| work_nibqabtk2vb6xkfouwlja3n5sa | “ Cosmology without time: What to do with a possible signature change from quantum gravitational origin? ” https://arxiv. |
| work_nibqabtk2vb6xkfouwlja3n5sa | “ How can there be a change from a state without time? ”, Zeno might ask. |
| work_nibqabtk2vb6xkfouwlja3n5sa | “ If Spacetime is Emergent, What is Cosmology? ” https://www. |
| work_ractbvhclje2lnekz7r46wwvtm | Can philosophy be a rigorous science? |
| work_ractbvhclje2lnekz7r46wwvtm | De principiis non est disputandum? |
| work_ractbvhclje2lnekz7r46wwvtm | What is “ naturalized epistemology? ”. |
| work_ocxiikkq2zhjtdfig4a4pa74l4 | But what difference does this distinction make? |
| work_ocxiikkq2zhjtdfig4a4pa74l4 | But what is it for a whole developmental system to replicate? |
| work_ocxiikkq2zhjtdfig4a4pa74l4 | In the restricted do- main of evolutionary processes, what counts as the same( relevant) kind? |
| work_ocxiikkq2zhjtdfig4a4pa74l4 | Kay, Lily( 1998),"A Book of Life? |
| work_ocxiikkq2zhjtdfig4a4pa74l4 | Moss, Lenny( 1992),"A Kernel of Truth? |
| work_ocxiikkq2zhjtdfig4a4pa74l4 | What does evolutionary theory minimally require of a theory of development? |
| work_ocxiikkq2zhjtdfig4a4pa74l4 | Why d o we need the concept of replication at all? |
| work_rpgf2wneineyhl45va3iaxmasq | Kakvo je bilo Bolcmanovo filosofsko obrazovanje? |
| work_rpgf2wneineyhl45va3iaxmasq | O kakvoj filosofiji zapravo govori Bolcman? |
| work_ooky674f35fdvmoj66lizfta2q | 2a) What is the status of particles in quantum mechanics? |
| work_ooky674f35fdvmoj66lizfta2q | 2b) What philosophical changes of the particle concept, and in the concept of mechanism, have resulted from the quantum theory? |
| work_ooky674f35fdvmoj66lizfta2q | 3a) In what ways has"causal explanation"been modified by modern quantum theory? |
| work_ooky674f35fdvmoj66lizfta2q | 3b) How do these changes affect the philosophic problem of determinism? |
| work_ooky674f35fdvmoj66lizfta2q | We have to see the cause of the phenomenon not in any"perception,''? |
| work_ooky674f35fdvmoj66lizfta2q | Why is that? |
| work_ooky674f35fdvmoj66lizfta2q | lb) What philosophical clarification in the concept of a state has resulted from quantum theory? |
| work_r3x2luuuv5bgvkpjgkl53h67ci | Then to what degree should you believe that the coin falls heads? |
| work_r3x2luuuv5bgvkpjgkl53h67ci | Where does equation( 1) come from? |
| work_r3x2luuuv5bgvkpjgkl53h67ci | “ Can Bayesian Agents Always Be Rational? |
| work_raw4eer3yvbwte4vjjgm7zrpxm | If not all sets of normal operators can be interpreted as observables at once, which ones can? |
| work_raw4eer3yvbwte4vjjgm7zrpxm | Symmetries If we allow normal operators without a real spectrum to be observables, can we still make sense of symmetry in quantum theory? |
| work_raw4eer3yvbwte4vjjgm7zrpxm | Who is Afraid of Nonhermitian Operators? |
| work_raaj6loxebhp3hmvnxvpxe5b4q | But this is causal information of very limited application unless additivity is common in nature, and is additivity common in nature? |
| work_raaj6loxebhp3hmvnxvpxe5b4q | Disturbing a Consensus? |
| work_nodwxgtogravpds4a457wwd2pa | How does it work? |
| work_nodwxgtogravpds4a457wwd2pa | Having come this far, can we now apply the same framework to human information processing? |
| work_nodwxgtogravpds4a457wwd2pa | Is philosophy a cognitive science disciplines? |
| work_nodwxgtogravpds4a457wwd2pa | Philosophy of science traditionally has addressed itself to a variety of questions about the nature of science such as: • What is an explanation? |
| work_nodwxgtogravpds4a457wwd2pa | What are the operations in cognitive mechanisms? |
| work_nodwxgtogravpds4a457wwd2pa | What is distinctive about information processing mechanisms? |
| work_nodwxgtogravpds4a457wwd2pa | What is philosophy of science? |
| work_nodwxgtogravpds4a457wwd2pa | versus"what are the laws? |
| work_nodwxgtogravpds4a457wwd2pa | • How do scientific claims differ from other knowledge claims? |
| work_nodwxgtogravpds4a457wwd2pa | • How does evidence confirm or falsify a proposed explanation? |
| work_nodwxgtogravpds4a457wwd2pa | • Should theoretical claims offered in explanations be evaluated for truth, or only for their utility in making true predictions? |
| work_nodwxgtogravpds4a457wwd2pa | • What is the relation between the explanations offered by different sciences? |
| work_qbq5f2oz7ff37os2t64njt7hqi | Given all of this, is there anything significant that can be drawn from the debate between Zajonc and Lazarus? |
| work_qbq5f2oz7ff37os2t64njt7hqi | James, W.( 1894),"What is an Emotion? |
| work_qbq5f2oz7ff37os2t64njt7hqi | What might emotion consist of here? |
| work_qbq5f2oz7ff37os2t64njt7hqi | or''What is cognition?'' |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | ( 1992) Bayes or Bust? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | 1 How can experimental test results from less than fully reliable instruments( LTFR instruments) provide confirmation for a scientific hypothesis? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | 11 Are these strategies successful? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | 29 How are we to interpret these results? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | But should this not be offset by the fact that we receive coherent test results in support of our hypothesis? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | But what does it mean to run the same old test over and over again? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | But why is this effect amplified for higher q- values? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | Can an intuitive account be given of these results? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | Do these results seem plausible at some intuitive level? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | Do we reach convergence and can a general characterization be given of the paths that lead towards convergence? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | Does it mean that we check the same old testable consequences rather than checking independent testable consequences of the hypothesis? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | Does it mean that we do our testing with the same old instrument rather than with independent 16 instruments? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | For the details, we refer to the relevant literature.1 What ’s so great about Bayesian Networks? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | How can this be explained? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | How can we interpret these results? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | How can we model the workings of an unreliable instrument? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | How does a series of matching reports from single versus multiple calibrators affect the confirmation of the hypothesis? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | How does a series of positive reports from single versus multiple LTFR instruments affect the confirmation of the hypothesis? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | If there is maximal negative relevance, how could a positive report be received? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | In other words, which substrategy yields a higher degree of confirmation? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | Is this a successful strategy to increase the degree of confirmation for our hypothesis? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | What is going on here? |
| work_j2n3znsp3bhf5dysu4xpbkqane | Why has there been so little interest in Bayesian circles in the status of experimental reports from LTFR instruments? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | ( ¬ρV), see § 2.2), one could define a credal set representing ignorance to be such that ∀ρV, ∀c?i ∈ C?,∃c?j ∈ C? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | ( ρ obs V), i.e., there will be no agreement among all the distributions c?i ∈ C? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | ( ρV) dρV, where p? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | ( ρV) dρV, with C? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | ( ρV)= C? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | 2 Typicality, indifference, neutrality 2.1 How crucial to those arguments is the assumption of typicality? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | 2.2 A neutral principle of indifference? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | A neutral principle of indifference? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | Apocalypse When? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | Are We Typical? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | As in § 3.1, In order to avoid dogmatic functions, a lower bound can be placed on the variance of all the functions in C?. |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | But more importantly, we wo n’t have C(ρobsV)> C? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | If we substitute imprecise prior and posterior credences in the formula from( Weinberg, 2000, see § 1.2 infra), we have: dC(ρV)= ν(ρV) · C? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | In order for the prior credence C? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | Indeed, all the functions in C? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | Is a Doomsday Catastrophe Likely? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | Is the End of the World Nigh? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | Moreover, in order to fulfill the criterion of invariance under negation( according to which C? |
| work_leumwm4wsfbcdfm424ckeqwe7m | such that c?i= 1 − c?j.15 With a prior credal set C? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | ( 2009) Do we need some large, simple randomized trials in medicine? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | ( And if so why?) |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | ( And if so why?) |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | And how exactly should medicine be based on evidence? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | And how exactly should medicine be based on evidence? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | And why randomized controls? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | Barton, S.( 2000) Which clinical studies provide the best evidence? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | But how is one to weigh this against the assumption driving this whole issue that the list of possible unknown factors is indefinite? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | But what exactly does such a ‘ probabilistic guarantee ’ amount to? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | Do certain kinds of evidence carry more weight than others? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | Do certain kinds of evidence carry more weight than others? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | First, who says what background knowledge consists of and what possible con- founders it renders ‘ plausible ’? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | Glaziou, P., Chalmers, I., Rawlins, M.& McCulloch, P.( 2007) When are randomised trials Unnecessary? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | Is n’t this allowing judgement to play a role in what ought to be an entirely objective process of evaluating evidence? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | Myth? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | Superstition? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | The Delphic Oracle? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | The issues lie in the details: what exactly counts as evi- dence? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | The issues lie in the details: what exactly counts as evidence? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | What else should it be based on? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | What is evidence, evidence for? |
| work_jcxie5o4kbbd7bhanq3ss4kjf4 | Why control at all? |
| work_qh37waoxp5auxlimqynsl3ak7e | But what of René ’s reference to himself? |
| work_qh37waoxp5auxlimqynsl3ak7e | What are they ignorant about? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | ( Winsberg 1999, 3 – 4) Does n’t Winsberg advocate a picture that is similar to my proposal, with layers of models? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | 12 Perhaps could it be argued that the quantum path integral CM is the unique CM of the simulation? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | Are n’t there layers of models, only one directly representing the phenomenon? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | Are these CMs each successively implemented in the computer program, and if not, to what extent do they exist? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | But is the requirement( i) satisfied, that is, is it true that the statistical CM represents the quantum rotor? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | Can not one broad and big CM, instead of three, be identified? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | Could it be argued that an ITPISR simulation actually involves several simulations, each with one CM? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | Does n’t my proposal amount to Hughes ’s analysis? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | For a given phenomenon, why is it that the simulation is done with several CMs, or simply with one? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | Have n’t philosophers acknowledged such simulations with several CMs? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | Here, do the three CMs meet this independent reuse criterion? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | How can Klattice be simulated? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | How is an ITPISR simulation analysed with this new definition? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | Humphreys ’s Definitions What is a computer simulation, for instance a simulation of the movement of a planet? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | On the Identity of a Computational Model On which conditions should one consider that a change in a CM defines a distinct CM? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | Should n’t an analysis of computer simulations point at what is representationally important and new? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | So, why not explicitly identify tem- plates( and around them, CMs) that have the very properties advocated by Hum- phreys? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | The Novelty of the Multi- layered Simulation Analysis Is my proposal of analysing simulations with several CMs new? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | What about requirement( ii), stating that the computer provides solutions to the CM? |
| work_lay27vvmbzgd3gewv4v4jrkyyu | Why acknowledge several CMs in layers? |
| work_r3hwtzmdf5gu3jr7jtpfrhnrmu | And the beetroot bottler? |
| work_r3hwtzmdf5gu3jr7jtpfrhnrmu | Is this not often reason enough to support the introduction of new terms? |
| work_r3hwtzmdf5gu3jr7jtpfrhnrmu | Silence? |
| work_r3hwtzmdf5gu3jr7jtpfrhnrmu | What happens then? |
| work_o5cck6ayqvg75dgc7beza3tawa | 9 commutative on input distributions, but it leaves us wondering: is Jeffrey Condi- tionalization appropriately commutative on experiences? |
| work_o5cck6ayqvg75dgc7beza3tawa | And if that is so, should n’t order matter to what conclusions we draw? |
| work_o5cck6ayqvg75dgc7beza3tawa | But how do we understand ‘ information ’ here, and what does it correspond to in a Bayesian model? |
| work_o5cck6ayqvg75dgc7beza3tawa | Can we avoid this concern by talking about qualitatively identical experi- ences happening in reverse order? |
| work_o5cck6ayqvg75dgc7beza3tawa | Commutativity or Holism? |
| work_o5cck6ayqvg75dgc7beza3tawa | Could n’t there be another answer to the inputs problem that satisfies both desiderata? |
| work_o5cck6ayqvg75dgc7beza3tawa | Do Strict Conditionalization and Jeffrey Conditionalization handle every possible case of empirical learning? |
| work_o5cck6ayqvg75dgc7beza3tawa | How should we understand commutativity in the cases that motivate Jeffrey Conditionalization? |
| work_o5cck6ayqvg75dgc7beza3tawa | Is Strict Conditionalization commutative on experiences? |
| work_o5cck6ayqvg75dgc7beza3tawa | Is jeffrey conditionalization defective by virtue of being non- commutative? |
| work_o5cck6ayqvg75dgc7beza3tawa | What tacit assumptions do we make in adopting the rule that force us to choose between holism and commutativity? |
| work_qjzoustwevfwlbcax5vo472ewy | But what are the properties that characterize this logical structure of isolation? |
| work_qjzoustwevfwlbcax5vo472ewy | Is Coase a realist? |
| work_qjzoustwevfwlbcax5vo472ewy | Isolating representations versus credible constructions? |
| work_qjzoustwevfwlbcax5vo472ewy | Similarly, it seems, with theoretical isolations: why speak of isolation if an isolation process is lacking? |
| work_qjzoustwevfwlbcax5vo472ewy | Who is a modeler? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | ( Daniel 1990) How does the proposal to inject sulfate aerosols into the atmosphere fare in comparison? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | ( Ferguson et al( 2010)) What lessons can we draw from these examples of good and bad model- making of models of intervention? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | 23 it relied upon to"get things right"morally or ethically speaking as well as technologically speaking? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | Assuming that it does, we can go on to ask: Are there some such activities for which values and/or norms are especially or more intimately involved? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | At the other end of the spectrum, are there any such activities that do not involve values at all? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | Could n''t one model satisfy both of the problems set? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | Does it make sense to ask questions about the role of values and norms for such technical aspects of the practice of science? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | Engineering Design& Human Behavior: How Far Must the Net Be Cast? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | Engineering design& human behavior: How far must the net be cast? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | How did nature deal with similar situations? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | How do things stand now? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | Is there a criterion one can use to determine if one has looked far enough? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | Is there a methodology to follow to ensure one looks in all the right places? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | It is easy to conflate Problem R and Problem E. Are these necessarily different model- making problems? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | Suppose we ask: what are the interests to be addressed in the model- making when wind turbine efficiency is the target? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | The tricky part of the logic of analogy( which system features should be the same in the two situations between which the analogy is drawn?) |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | What if one were to define a new problem that encompasses both Problem R and Problem E as specified above? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | What point ought we to draw from the windfarm example? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | What status does it have, then? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | What''s the connection between the two kinds of questions, the one in moral philosophy, and the one in engineering science? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | Why the attraction to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo as a model, then? |
| work_fljnzds3ejff3a5vs3ezqt5g2e | with the new question"What fraction of wind energy flux into the wind farm volume is converted to electricity?" |
| work_nxycmd66znalrledsmm6nvbba4 | 530 L. C. Charland 7 Unification or fragmentation? |
| work_nxycmd66znalrledsmm6nvbba4 | 8 Concluding remarks 1 The mantra Is there a unified natural scientific domain that corresponds to the term ‘ emotion ’? |
| work_nxycmd66znalrledsmm6nvbba4 | And what about the relation of emotion to other phenomena like cognition? |
| work_nxycmd66znalrledsmm6nvbba4 | Are they justified in that assumption? |
| work_nxycmd66znalrledsmm6nvbba4 | As is frequently asked, is emotion a natural kind? |
| work_nxycmd66znalrledsmm6nvbba4 | But if so, how are they related? |
| work_nxycmd66znalrledsmm6nvbba4 | But what would it be like for emotion to be a genuine psychological category? |
| work_nxycmd66znalrledsmm6nvbba4 | But why generalize hastily to all aspects of all emotions? |
| work_nxycmd66znalrledsmm6nvbba4 | But why should ‘ emotion ’ be a fixed and perfect folk psychological kind? |
| work_nxycmd66znalrledsmm6nvbba4 | Churchland, P. M.[ 1982]: ‘ Is ‘ ‘ Thinker ’ ’ a Natural Kind? ’, Dialogue, 21, pp. |
| work_nxycmd66znalrledsmm6nvbba4 | Should the diverse phenomena currently grouped together under that rubric be united in that way( Lewis and Haviland- Jones[ 2000])? |
| work_nxycmd66znalrledsmm6nvbba4 | Where does this leave the more cognitive emotions such as shame, resentment, pride and envy? |
| work_r5wl4nrelfcmdafzjiy6qnxlce | Group Selection After All? |
| work_njzwjkxyrzh4rbhhlj6ccr6kwm | 19 What is doing the explanatory work here? |
| work_njzwjkxyrzh4rbhhlj6ccr6kwm | 2 Why are inertial and gravitational mass equal in Newtonian gravitation? |
| work_njzwjkxyrzh4rbhhlj6ccr6kwm | 3 What have I just done? |
| work_njzwjkxyrzh4rbhhlj6ccr6kwm | But what about( CC3), Rabcd= 0? |
| work_njzwjkxyrzh4rbhhlj6ccr6kwm | But what form could such an answer take? |
| work_njzwjkxyrzh4rbhhlj6ccr6kwm | How can we characterize the members of E(K)? |
| work_njzwjkxyrzh4rbhhlj6ccr6kwm | Why are inertial and gravitational mass equal in Newtonian physics? |
| work_njzwjkxyrzh4rbhhlj6ccr6kwm | Why is gravity so much weaker than any of the other forces? |
| work_njzwjkxyrzh4rbhhlj6ccr6kwm | “ What do we mean here by ‘ explanation ’? |
| work_rzwa7x4uz5fnffmoqqpfuw62ba | How, then, do these ideas fare when cast in a formal model of behav- ioral change, using a dynamic version of the Lewis model? |
| work_rzwa7x4uz5fnffmoqqpfuw62ba | What role does common interest have in producing and maintaining communicative interac- tions? |
| work_pjmsutfu5vadzfmd3jwte2guuy | ( R4)( Contradictions) If? |
| work_pjmsutfu5vadzfmd3jwte2guuy | But ought we to be worried about countable additivity outside of such cases? |
| work_pjmsutfu5vadzfmd3jwte2guuy | In particular, ought we to be worried about its use in the confirmation of scient- ific hypotheses? |
| work_pjmsutfu5vadzfmd3jwte2guuy | Is it not then permissible to adopt a uniform probability distribution? |
| work_pjmsutfu5vadzfmd3jwte2guuy | Or why not follow the approach to the de Finetti lottery outlined above and insist that R(Hn, Hm) ¼ 1 for all n, m? |
| work_pjmsutfu5vadzfmd3jwte2guuy | Why ca n’t we retain it in the case of a countably infinite set? |
| work_pjmsutfu5vadzfmd3jwte2guuy | Why does it matter which labels we attach to individuals? |
| work_pjmsutfu5vadzfmd3jwte2guuy | Why not follow de Finetti, and assign each Hn probability 0( rejecting countable additivity)? |
| work_pjmsutfu5vadzfmd3jwte2guuy | is a contradiction and A is not, then RBQ(? |
| work_snpey4t3r5expbrnfd27xf3dva | Beyond Hilbert ’s Reach? |
| work_nm27f55tmjcf7avekmozb6gfxq | As before, cn ¼?. |
| work_nm27f55tmjcf7avekmozb6gfxq | Because Q is aggregative, Q holds of?. |
| work_nm27f55tmjcf7avekmozb6gfxq | But as the set is inconsistent, it follows from CP that? |
| work_nm27f55tmjcf7avekmozb6gfxq | Consider the least k such that ck=?. |
| work_nm27f55tmjcf7avekmozb6gfxq | Finally, we define w to be inconsistent iff w ¼; ¼?. |
| work_nm27f55tmjcf7avekmozb6gfxq | If k ¼ 1, then w ¼ f1(w) ¼? |
| work_nm27f55tmjcf7avekmozb6gfxq | Then f1(w)^ � � �^ fn(w) ¼?. |
| work_nm27f55tmjcf7avekmozb6gfxq | Then if some proposition w such that Pr(w)< 1 has P, then? |
| work_nm27f55tmjcf7avekmozb6gfxq | Then if some proposition w such that Pr(w)< 1 has P, then? |
| work_nm27f55tmjcf7avekmozb6gfxq | Thus cj 6¼? |
| work_nm27f55tmjcf7avekmozb6gfxq | [ 1986]: ‘ What are Logical Notions? ’, History and Philosophy of Logic, 7, pp. |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | 536 Representation: The Problem for Structuralism Bas C. van Fraassen†‡ What does it mean to embed the phenomena in an abstract structure? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | And just what is this dividing up? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | But what indicates here the relationship between A and S(A)? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | But what is, for example, the temperature of a gas? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | But why is the relation between A and S(A) any different from the one we asked the question about, namely, the relation between A and B? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | How can an abstract entity, such as a mathematical space, represent something that is not abstract, something in nature? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | How could it have more content, to make it something different from pure mathematics? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | How does this apply here? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | Or to represent them by doing so? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | Or to represent them by doing so? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | Reichenbach: How Can an Abstract Entity Represent? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | Teller, Paul( 2001), “ Whither Constructive Empiricism? ” Philosophical Studies 106: 123–150. |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | The answer has to be that the data model represents the phenomena, but why does that not just push the problem one step back? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | The answer has to be that the data model represents the phenomena, but why does that not just push the problem one step back? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | What can it possibly mean? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | What does it mean, to embed the phenomena in an abstract structure? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | Why would he put himself into this situation? |
| work_jfg2rinp4bgslgc2z47vlgaj6m | ” remark? |
| work_oiafro6dzzaz5cs2runuunt7o4 | But is the how- possibly explanation fully satisfactory? |
| work_oiafro6dzzaz5cs2runuunt7o4 | But is this really explaining how- possibly? |
| work_oiafro6dzzaz5cs2runuunt7o4 | But what does this code represent? |
| work_oiafro6dzzaz5cs2runuunt7o4 | But why does the ladder dispel her puzzlement? |
| work_oiafro6dzzaz5cs2runuunt7o4 | Does this undermine my view? |
| work_oiafro6dzzaz5cs2runuunt7o4 | For now let us ask: what kind of question is one asking when one asks to have quantum speedup explained? |
| work_oiafro6dzzaz5cs2runuunt7o4 | Should n’t we feel the urge to continue our investigation until we have found the actual path taken by the computer through its state space? |
| work_oiafro6dzzaz5cs2runuunt7o4 | The question, “ what is the source of quantum speedup? ”, is a question of just this sort. |
| work_oiafro6dzzaz5cs2runuunt7o4 | These mechanisms are actually being employed, are they not? |
| work_oiafro6dzzaz5cs2runuunt7o4 | What is the explanation for this difference in performance? |
| work_p7aavqqpifftrl2z2wimzxsmxm | What constitutes this representational relationship? |
| work_p7aavqqpifftrl2z2wimzxsmxm | What is the status of this star, qua representation? |
| work_p7aavqqpifftrl2z2wimzxsmxm | Why does Lotka ’s model represent its theoretical target? |
| work_p7aavqqpifftrl2z2wimzxsmxm | Why does Volterra ’s model represent these theoretical features of predator- prey relations? |
| work_p7aavqqpifftrl2z2wimzxsmxm | Why does it represent the populations of fish in the Adriatic during World War I? |
| work_p7aavqqpifftrl2z2wimzxsmxm | Without these features, how or what would it represent? |
| work_p7aavqqpifftrl2z2wimzxsmxm | “ Modelling as Indirect Representation? |
| work_q7fjz2bksngb7gmgewlw2lpmey | Are they the correct grounds for the kind of judgment we are making or are we mistaking opinion for knowledge? |
| work_q7fjz2bksngb7gmgewlw2lpmey | Do we place morality before self- love or self- love before morality? |
| work_q7fjz2bksngb7gmgewlw2lpmey | How can we be epistemically responsible agents in this sense? |
| work_q7fjz2bksngb7gmgewlw2lpmey | It is by reflecting on the grounds of our judgment: are they what we think they are or are we mistaking subjective grounds for objective ones? |
| work_q7fjz2bksngb7gmgewlw2lpmey | What is at stake is thus our hierarchy of value.27 How are our principles ordered? |
| work_q7fjz2bksngb7gmgewlw2lpmey | is thus the motto of enlightenment ’( ‘ What is Enlightement? ’ 17 8:35). |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | 25 Do I overstate this claim? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | But absent a means of identifying inferential links, what justifies connecting explanans and explanandum? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | But absent any usual formal features for identifying inferential links, what could justify connecting explanans and explanandum? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | But does this lead to standardization in some theoretically relevant sense? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | But is unpredictability a feature that in fact creates a special place for narratives in the spectrum of scientific explanations? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | But what does it mean to focus on “ the unpredictability of antecedent events ”? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | But why ascribe, as Gallie does, primacy to unpredictability/ contingency in structuring or identifying specifically historical? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | Can the Mediterranean be said to change or develop, such that some germane features of it can be expressed in terms of a narra- tive sentence? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | First, what determines that an explanation has in some critical or essential respect a narrative form? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | First, what determines that an explanation has in some critical or essential respect a narrative form? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | How then could narrative form reflect or connect to any evaluative norms? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | Narrative sentences and essentially narrative explanations What marks an explanation as having narrative form essen- tially? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | Second, how does a narrative in such cases come to constitute a plausible explanation? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | Second, how does a narrative in such cases come to constitute a plausible explanation? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | That is, does it allow for paraphrase into some other, non- narrative explanatory form? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | That is, what makes narratives explanatory and how do their structural features inform on standards of evaluation? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | Third, how do the first two considerations yield a basis for evaluating an explanation offered as a narrative? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | Third, how do the first two considerations yield a basis for evaluating an explanation offered as a narrative? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | What are narratives good for? |
| work_lgvvnva3cnatvm3ynem5bw2ety | Yet the other two initial questions remain: how do these factors ease worries tied to logical formlessness and evaluative intractability? |
| work_pipe76kskzfd5htmwjimlvbmyi | And should we think of simu- lation as merely the process of mathematically calculating the phase space trajectories that have already been specified? |
| work_pipe76kskzfd5htmwjimlvbmyi | East Lansing: Philosophy of Science Association, 357- 364. s454 ERIC WINSBERG( 1998),"How Theories Relate: Takeovers or Partnerships? |
| work_pipe76kskzfd5htmwjimlvbmyi | Is this a view that we should adopt? |
| work_pipe76kskzfd5htmwjimlvbmyi | Once we acquire a good theoretical understanding of a phenomenon, must not all of the scientific work that could be of philosophical interest be over? |
| work_pipe76kskzfd5htmwjimlvbmyi | What are the philosophical lessons to be learned here? |
| work_pipe76kskzfd5htmwjimlvbmyi | Why should a scientific practice that already begins with good theo- retical understanding be of interest to philosophers of science? |
| work_ptrffuc7xjdnbkr362siivec64 | 4 Au: There is no square in the text to show where the proof ends; should a square be added? |
| work_ptrffuc7xjdnbkr362siivec64 | And if we do n’t already know that the truth is simple, what entitles us to assume that it is? |
| work_ptrffuc7xjdnbkr362siivec64 | But in spite of its intuitive appeal, how could Ockham ’s razor help us find the true theory? |
| work_ptrffuc7xjdnbkr362siivec64 | Correct as modified? |
| work_ptrffuc7xjdnbkr362siivec64 | Does this now appear to be correct? |
| work_ptrffuc7xjdnbkr362siivec64 | Should Kelly be cited twice in the last sentence of this note? |
| work_szy5w3wxdfc5xdszdrhdqb6h3y | How do scientists develop and validate a method of interpreting raw data from a new technique? |
| work_qnztbaefmveoxaqgb2btldxyxi | 2 The Formulation Problem What is scientific realism? |
| work_qnztbaefmveoxaqgb2btldxyxi | 9 What sort of general morals can be extracted from this case study? |
| work_qnztbaefmveoxaqgb2btldxyxi | But what can the localist, who eschews this kind of response, say? |
| work_qnztbaefmveoxaqgb2btldxyxi | What does all this have to do with scientific realism? |
| work_qnztbaefmveoxaqgb2btldxyxi | What should the would- be realist replace this naive formulation with? |
| work_qnztbaefmveoxaqgb2btldxyxi | Worrall, John( 1989), “ Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds? ”, Dialectica 43(1- 2), 99- 124. |
| work_qnztbaefmveoxaqgb2btldxyxi | —( 2016), “ What is Theoretical Progress of Science? ”, Synthese, First Online, 2016. |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | At t2 they learn E. Should P(H) at t2 be more than 0.5? |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | Does E confirm H according to Bayesian confirmation theory? |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | First, why think that most Bayesians want to give an analysis of actual support? |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | In 1919 they discover E.13 Should P(H) in 1919 be more than 0.5? |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | M ust we now specify the agent ’s degrees of belief before we can say whether the evidence confirms the hypothesis? |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | Now add the following:( B) E confirms H. Should P(H) at t2 be more than 0.5? |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | So where does the normativity come from? |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | That is, can Explanation 1 be better than Explanation 2? |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | This is a repository copy of What Is Bayesian Confirmation for?. |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | What Is Bayesian Confirmation for? |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | What is the probability that it will land heads? |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | What would it take for a concept to be useful? |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/128769/ Article: Bradley, D( 2018) What Is Bayesian Confirmation for? |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | mailto:eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 What Is Bayesian Confirmation for? |
| work_nofrv6q66bdavewgyraohfiryy | “ Should Explanations Omit the Details? ” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. |
| work_plynzmmh5vf5xeuz5ik6gbdeym | ( And is it really possible to tell a plausible story where the detectors are perfectly reliable here?) |
| work_plynzmmh5vf5xeuz5ik6gbdeym | Arntzenius, F.: 1994, ‘ Relativistic Hidden- Variable Theories? ’ Erkenntnis 41, 207–231. |
| work_plynzmmh5vf5xeuz5ik6gbdeym | Cushing, J. T.: 1996, ‘ What Measurement Problem? ’ in R. Clifton( ed.) |
| work_plynzmmh5vf5xeuz5ik6gbdeym | Dickson, M.: 1996, “ Is the Bohm Theory Local? ”, in J. T. Cushing et al. |
| work_plynzmmh5vf5xeuz5ik6gbdeym | Is n’t this alone reason enough to dismiss Bohm ’s theory? |
| work_plynzmmh5vf5xeuz5ik6gbdeym | Would n’t that please the advocates of BM? ”( 1263–4). |
| work_pe4h72fidbhf3p6w6ctdsaidlm | At different points in our testing of split- brain patients, after they had given a confabulatory answer, we would ask them"Are you sure?" |
| work_pe4h72fidbhf3p6w6ctdsaidlm | How can a person selectively avoid evidence for the belief that p without in some way believing that p? |
| work_pe4h72fidbhf3p6w6ctdsaidlm | How else does he know what evi- S428 WILLIAM HIRSTEIN dence to avoid? |
| work_pe4h72fidbhf3p6w6ctdsaidlm | How is this possible? |
| work_pe4h72fidbhf3p6w6ctdsaidlm | Is the existence of subagents plausible at all? |
| work_pe4h72fidbhf3p6w6ctdsaidlm | It also allows several entities in the mind to have their own intentional states, a move which worries some: where will the regress of subagents end? |
| work_pe4h72fidbhf3p6w6ctdsaidlm | What about the right hemisphere? |
| work_sqegadkntnbhlcy7tdakc7glym | Does quantum field theory need a foundation? |
| work_sqegadkntnbhlcy7tdakc7glym | Who''s afraid of ceteris- paribus laws? |
| work_cjzf2bfq5rfynm7adrhlpoymfu | �# �$% 8& 9: � � �;& � �< � � � � � � � � �= � �> �) � � �) �? work_cjzf2bfq5rfynm7adrhlpoymfu �# �$&% �''( �% � � � �)% � � � �* � � � AB � «hn � K\> ÑAIA> � K0a;wpcdGHJ*]3| � QSR[T!T!i � J? |
| work_cjzf2bfq5rfynm7adrhlpoymfu | @~ � g �] � O3EA>+a �>[EAJ8X;M5g!m? |
| work_cjzf2bfq5rfynm7adrhlpoymfu | ] 3> O%O/ w � L � mAo � E(> Õ?E � J*mAnSO3> � K(M5I � cdGHJ*]3|¸QSR � T � T!}!VWB � DFE\>0u? |
| work_cjzf2bfq5rfynm7adrhlpoymfu | ] 3o[>hg*~ � J � I � w J!KAJ*u\O3M5X> MLA> Õ?MHa\M5GHMPO � w � g*]Zo[g � I � O3> Õ;O%x/ J*uAu? |
| work_cjzf2bfq5rfynm7adrhlpoymfu | ] dX;M5> ¬t@ O3E\>hJ*I � O3M5x'']3>[u? |
| work_cjzf2bfq5rfynm7adrhlpoymfu | v ¿ � �? |
| work_cjzf2bfq5rfynm7adrhlpoymfu | v ¿ � �? |
| work_ru6cqzjfevb3rpvzieixzd6rli | : 1976, ‘ Are Species Really Individuals? ’, Systematic Zoology 25, 174–191. |
| work_ru6cqzjfevb3rpvzieixzd6rli | : 1997, ‘ Symposium: Are There Laws in Biology? ’, Philosophy of Science 64(4), S432–S479. |
| work_ru6cqzjfevb3rpvzieixzd6rli | Grantham, T.: 1994, ‘ Does Science have a Global Goal? |
| work_rxiajqom3nbivk3umargujel44 | Einstein ’s genie: Spacetime out of the bottle, Chapter 5: In SR, why does a rod contract?, pp. |
| work_rxiajqom3nbivk3umargujel44 | Structural explanations in Minkowski spacetime: Which account of models? |
| work_rxiajqom3nbivk3umargujel44 | [...] Before we consider labeling them, what physically distinguishes two different events of exactly the same kind? |
| work_p5pgd5oy45fw3hqrz6paivkwwq | ( 2001), “ What did Hume Really Show about Induction? ” Philosophical Quarterly 51: 307- 328. |
| work_p5pgd5oy45fw3hqrz6paivkwwq | 9 In what sense are inductive inferences ‘ grounded in ’ material facts? |
| work_p5pgd5oy45fw3hqrz6paivkwwq | But is it so? |
| work_p5pgd5oy45fw3hqrz6paivkwwq | But, if the principle PRIOR KNOWLEDGE is true, E is non- empty.5 What might E include? |
| work_p5pgd5oy45fw3hqrz6paivkwwq | We can then ask: how did the scientist acquire his 10 knowledge of it? |
| work_p5pgd5oy45fw3hqrz6paivkwwq | What is the difference? |
| work_p5pgd5oy45fw3hqrz6paivkwwq | What makes the difference between those ampliative leaps which are reasonable and those which are not? |
| work_r43qu3kxsndgzbou24pxw5s7f4 | Coltheart, M.[ 2013]: ‘ How Can Functional Neuroimaging Inform Cognitive Theories? ’, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, pp. |
| work_r43qu3kxsndgzbou24pxw5s7f4 | Dunn, J. C.& Kirsner, K.[ 2003]: ‘ What can we infer from double dissociations? ’, Cortex, 39, pp. |
| work_r43qu3kxsndgzbou24pxw5s7f4 | Tettamanti, M. and Weniger, D.[ 2006]: ‘ Broca''s area: a supramodal hierarchical processor? ’, Cortex, 42, pp. |
| work_r43qu3kxsndgzbou24pxw5s7f4 | [ 2001]: ‘ What do double dissociation prove? ’, Cognitive Science, 25, pp. |
| work_r43qu3kxsndgzbou24pxw5s7f4 | [ 2006]: ‘ Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data? ’, Trends in Cognitive Science, 10, pp. |
| work_p4knzwiifzc4zmyvc6lli6wn5q | Is there good reason for Weinberg ’s skep- ticism of systems biology? |
| work_p4knzwiifzc4zmyvc6lli6wn5q | Is this part of a larger network? |
| work_p4knzwiifzc4zmyvc6lli6wn5q | What then is distinctive about these explanatory projects? |
| work_p4knzwiifzc4zmyvc6lli6wn5q | What, apart from the label, ties all these programs together? |
| work_p4knzwiifzc4zmyvc6lli6wn5q | untitled What and How Do Cancer Systems Biologists Explain? |
| work_p4knzwiifzc4zmyvc6lli6wn5q | “ Can Cancer Be Reversed by Engineering the Tumor Microenvironment? ” Seminars in Cancer Biology 18:356–64. |
| work_p4knzwiifzc4zmyvc6lli6wn5q | • Are drugs that target one or more members of this family likely to fail, and why? |
| work_p4knzwiifzc4zmyvc6lli6wn5q | • Are there specific structural features of the network that make drugs likely to fail? |
| work_p4knzwiifzc4zmyvc6lli6wn5q | • How do drugs that target the ERBB family fail? |
| work_p4knzwiifzc4zmyvc6lli6wn5q | • How does disruption of that function play a role in cancer progression? |
| work_oo3n5wtlj5g5xf7aawnm5prveu | 36 Page 6 of 21 European Journal for Philosophy of Science( 2019) 9:36 difficult question, however, is why? |
| work_oo3n5wtlj5g5xf7aawnm5prveu | A relic of a bygone age? |
| work_oo3n5wtlj5g5xf7aawnm5prveu | Are there non- causal explanations( of particular events)? |
| work_oo3n5wtlj5g5xf7aawnm5prveu | Explanation beyond causation? |
| work_oo3n5wtlj5g5xf7aawnm5prveu | How is it that the derivation speaks to the behavior of systems at the critical point? |
| work_oo3n5wtlj5g5xf7aawnm5prveu | Is there a monist theory of causal and noncausal explanations? |
| work_oo3n5wtlj5g5xf7aawnm5prveu | Now to the main question of this paper: Are RG explanations of universality causal or noncausal? |
| work_oo3n5wtlj5g5xf7aawnm5prveu | So, are there explanations that satisfy NC**? |
| work_oo3n5wtlj5g5xf7aawnm5prveu | What makes a scientific explanation distinctively mathematical? |
| work_oo3n5wtlj5g5xf7aawnm5prveu | Which aspects of the explanantia must be temporally prior? |
| work_oo3n5wtlj5g5xf7aawnm5prveu | Why could n’t Sally ’s dad divvy up the 23 strawberries to her and her two brothers evenly without cutting them? |
| work_oo3n5wtlj5g5xf7aawnm5prveu | Why is there universal macrobehavior? |
| work_qtfqklvamnhcpogaw6jq642lsy | But what does this mean? |
| work_qtfqklvamnhcpogaw6jq642lsy | Nounou, Antigone M. “ For or Against Structural Realism? |
| work_qtfqklvamnhcpogaw6jq642lsy | Now, to what extent should we “ celebrate ” the beautiful and unified pattern exhibited between the gluons? |
| work_qtfqklvamnhcpogaw6jq642lsy | Or, in other terms: Should we be more satisfied with the resulting laws given their alleged objectivity? |
| work_qtfqklvamnhcpogaw6jq642lsy | “ Reifying Mathematics? |
| work_qtfqklvamnhcpogaw6jq642lsy | “ Why are there eight gluons and not nine? ”, 1996. http://math.ucr.edu/ home/ baez/ physics/ ParticleAndNuclear/ gluons.html. |
| work_qsc6zwi4dfahncbpgmjvwpvd44 | Clade Selection: Beyond Mere Coherency? |
| work_qsc6zwi4dfahncbpgmjvwpvd44 | How, then, should we understand relationships between monophyletic older and younger clades? |
| work_qsc6zwi4dfahncbpgmjvwpvd44 | How, then, should we understand the monophyly requirement while construing clades synchronously? |
| work_qsc6zwi4dfahncbpgmjvwpvd44 | Hull, David( 1976), “ Are Species Really Individuals? ” Systematic Zoology 25:174- 191. |
| work_qsc6zwi4dfahncbpgmjvwpvd44 | If we were to describe the speciation events at a more fine- grain level, then we might describe species as having particular populations( or demes?) |
| work_qsc6zwi4dfahncbpgmjvwpvd44 | Okasha, Samir( 2003), “ Does the Concept of “ Clade Selection ” Make Sense?, ” Philosophy of Science, 70( 4): 739–751. |
| work_qsc6zwi4dfahncbpgmjvwpvd44 | Why, according to the cladist, do parent species go extinct at a speciation event? |
| work_qsnrzsl62va55bqt65tcflbb4a | 19 References Belot, Gordon( 2007),"Is Classical Electrodynamics and Inconsistent Theory? |
| work_qsnrzsl62va55bqt65tcflbb4a | But approximations to what? |
| work_qsnrzsl62va55bqt65tcflbb4a | Does it oscillate? |
| work_qsnrzsl62va55bqt65tcflbb4a | How does the electron shake? |
| work_ta44ni6b5bglbis67oxt2jd25e | [ email: Stefano.Gattei@Bristol.ac.uk] Question: “ What is Enlightenment ”? ’, in I. Kant( 1970) Kant ’s Political Writings, ed. |
| work_rwomld6jxrbstlhui2aejqb6h4 | : Towards an Ontology for Quantum Field Theory[ pp. S170-S184] Philosophy of Biology Is Pure R- Selection Really Selection? |
| work_rwomld6jxrbstlhui2aejqb6h4 | Harding, Sandra( 1991), Whose Science? |
| work_rwomld6jxrbstlhui2aejqb6h4 | Whose Knowledge? |
| work_roegnvfjbbenxe736smwwcshaq | ( 1996),''What is a Causal Structure? |
| work_roegnvfjbbenxe736smwwcshaq | ( 1997),"Where Do Laws of Nature Come From? |
| work_roegnvfjbbenxe736smwwcshaq | ), Causality in Crisis? |
| work_roegnvfjbbenxe736smwwcshaq | I shall lay out this thesis briefly in? 3 and? 4 in order to highlight how important models are. |
| work_roegnvfjbbenxe736smwwcshaq | I shall lay out this thesis briefly in? 3 and? 4 in order to highlight how important models are. |
| work_roegnvfjbbenxe736smwwcshaq | Turning from this specific example, we can ask,"In general how do probabilities attach to the world?" |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | 17 Does a successful increment of RA lend confirmation to H in these cases? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | 2.1 Unconditional probabilistic independence So what precisely is meant, in RAs, when we say that the various means of detection are diverse? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | 2.4 Partial independence? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | But how does this account fare with regards to the second evaluative dimension? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | But is there a single sense of diversity that drives our reasoning in RAs? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | But what about cases in which H and its competitors are consistent with one another, but nonetheless compete in the sense of Competition( ii)? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | Glass, D. H. and Schupbach, J. N.[ Unpublished]: ‘ When Do Hypotheses Com- pete? ’ Good, I. J. |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | H and H0 compete epistemically if Pr(H&H0)= 0.10 Is this sufficient condition for epistemic competition also necessary? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | How do these compare to one another? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | How much( if at all) greater than the right hand side ’s maximum cap Pr(H|E&¬H0) is the left hand side Pr(H|E&Rn&¬H0)? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | In any case, we can ask: What motivates us to seek and cite additional means of detection in an RA? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | Is this account informative with regards to whether, under what conditions, and to what extent, RA is specially confirmatory? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | So how good was H0( both on its own and in relation to E) before Rn? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | What determines the extent? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | What does it take for a set of situations to be “ sufficiently heterogeneous ”? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | What work are the means of detection cited by Perrin supposed to accomplish by virtue of their diversity? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | What work are these additional means doing for us? |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | Wimsatt, W. C.[ 2011]: ‘ Robust Re- Engineering: A Philosophical Account? ’ Biol- ogy& Philosophy, 26(2), pp. |
| work_moitstazqjgb7cpcc5iu5o3mca | [ 2010]: ‘ What Does it Mean when Climate Models Agree? |
| work_sjirobwjb5el7gsczjyapb6nxe | Does it make any sense to suppose that one theory is psychologically real, rather than another extensionally equivalent theory? |
| work_sjirobwjb5el7gsczjyapb6nxe | M.[ 198 7]: Tacit knowledge and semantic theory: Can a five per cent difference matter?'' |
| work_sjirobwjb5el7gsczjyapb6nxe | What would it be for a speaker to have tacit knowledge of T2, rather than merely of T,? |
| work_s7qbsxcdh5esbpsjnl35vcxg6y | What exactly does it mean for a scientist to believe in a theory that she uses as often as its competitors? |
| work_s7qbsxcdh5esbpsjnl35vcxg6y | Why do we focus on statistical consis- tency exclusively, rather than considering other methodological virtues? |
| work_s7qbsxcdh5esbpsjnl35vcxg6y | Why? |
| work_s7qbsxcdh5esbpsjnl35vcxg6y | With whatn/( n � n) 1 1 2 probability, does the straight rule generate true beliefs? |
| work_qevp7mnsyng7lfewuzicuirguq | ( 2) What does this have to do with how IWEA engage with and understand the world, others, and themselves? |
| work_qevp7mnsyng7lfewuzicuirguq | Are individuals who experience addiction( henceforth termed IWEA) morally or legally responsible( Sinnott- Armstrong and Pickard 2013)? |
| work_qevp7mnsyng7lfewuzicuirguq | How should I think and feel about individuals who use and perhaps also abuse drugs? |
| work_qevp7mnsyng7lfewuzicuirguq | Is addiction a disease( Leshner 1997; Heyman 2009)? |
| work_qevp7mnsyng7lfewuzicuirguq | What does it mean to say that IWEA are ‘ powerless ’( Matthews 2010)? |
| work_qevp7mnsyng7lfewuzicuirguq | What does it mean to say, “ I am addicted ”? |
| work_qevp7mnsyng7lfewuzicuirguq | Which IWEA should be included in empirical studies? |
| work_qevp7mnsyng7lfewuzicuirguq | Which account of addiction is the most precise( Sinnott- Armstrong and Pickard 2013)? |
| work_qevp7mnsyng7lfewuzicuirguq | Which pur- poses should a presiding model of addiction serve( Sinnott- Armstrong and Pickard 2013)? |
| work_qevp7mnsyng7lfewuzicuirguq | “ What Is Addiction? ” In Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Psychiatry, ed. |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | And why the emphasis on the constitutive nature of colour vision? |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | Does NONCAT present a genuine possibility? |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | Hatfield, G.[ 1992]: ‘ Colour perception and neural encoding: does metameric matching entail a loss of information? ’, PSA 1192, 1, pp. |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | Hilbert, D., R.[ 1992]: ‘ What is colour vision? ’, Philosophical Studies, 68, pp. |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | How does OV contrast with invariantism and variantism? |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | Introduction What does colour vision, by virtue of its nature, enable us to see? |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | Is the condition also sufficient? |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | Palmer, S. E., Brooks, J., Nelson, R.[ 2003]: ‘ When does grouping happen? ’, Acta Psychologica, 114, pp. |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | Two preliminary questions arise: Why the interest in colour vision? |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | V.,& Vevea, J. L.[ 2000]: ‘ Why do categories affect stimulus judgment? ’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, pp. |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | What does this mean? |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | What form would these putative representations take? |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | Witzel, C.& Gegenfurtner, K. R.[ 2011]: ‘ Is there a lateralised category effect for colour? ’, Journal of Vision, 11(16), pp. |
| work_ormowpwrgvczvoauu7gmugpwnm | • User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘ fair dealing ’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988(?) |
| work_tf3ulzq57repvebbykem6nwray | Exactly how does active de- idealization work? |
| work_tf3ulzq57repvebbykem6nwray | What is “ false in the right way ”, though? |
| work_t24zrvjgm5ekvoluqnvwqfxfc4 | If a novelty is originally environmentally induced, how can natural selection increase that novelty ’s predominance in a pop- ulation over time? |
| work_t24zrvjgm5ekvoluqnvwqfxfc4 | Is n’t this a contradiction? |
| work_pdtrmchcnjhjfolcmxugfxyywy | How does force act at a distance? |
| work_pdtrmchcnjhjfolcmxugfxyywy | Lewontin, R.[ 1985]: ‘ What do Population Geneticists Know and How do they Know it? ’, in Creath, R. and Mainschein, J. |
| work_pdtrmchcnjhjfolcmxugfxyywy | ‘ Why, for any evolving population, is population size relevant to the distribution of gene frequencies in future generations? ’). |
| work_rzhxcrkbrnenpadfdobwqzq6wu | But do they really form a continuum even in this sense? |
| work_rzhxcrkbrnenpadfdobwqzq6wu | In other terms, which electron is the bearer of the values of mass and charge we inferred? |
| work_rzhxcrkbrnenpadfdobwqzq6wu | The classical electron? |
| work_rzhxcrkbrnenpadfdobwqzq6wu | The classical particle of Lorentz or the spinning quantum- relativistic point mass of Dirac? |
| work_rzhxcrkbrnenpadfdobwqzq6wu | The quantum electron? |
| work_u2tni6erwjedrdasa4t2hynqpq | What, then, is the significance of s(h v e/ e)( and of s(H v E/ E))? |
| work_sxvtuls34jcchnbefjpxjjbfcq | Why Study Philosophy Here? |
| work_s2xvdnw6kvevhneihepkj7twom | ), Unmaking the West: “ What- If? ” Scenarios That Rewrite World History. |
| work_s2xvdnw6kvevhneihepkj7twom | CAUSAL ANALYSIS IN HISTORY 723 REFERENCES Hanson, Victor Davis( 2006), “ A Stillborn West? |
| work_s2xvdnw6kvevhneihepkj7twom | Contrarily, Lebow and Stein ask just that question: What conditions would have to have been present in order for Kennedy to show greater resolve? |
| work_s2xvdnw6kvevhneihepkj7twom | Do we have to conclude that the historians ’ method of causal inference is simply mistaken? |
| work_s2xvdnw6kvevhneihepkj7twom | How plausible is Weber- causation as a concept to be used for singular causal inference? |
| work_s2xvdnw6kvevhneihepkj7twom | In the first example the question is, what would have made likely that the Greeks lost the battle at Salamis? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | 1 mailto:b.w.roberts@lse.ac.uk 2 Bryan W. Roberts move in the reverse direction, sure enough, but what happens to a wavefunction? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | 22 Bryan W. Roberts We can now adopt our strategy from before, and ask: how does the meaning of time reversal change under spatial rotations? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | And, even presuming we have a good grip on time reversal in classical mechanics, why should time reversal behave this way in quantum mechanics too? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | But before we get that far: why do we expect time reversal to preserve inner products between rays? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | But why do we do that? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | Is Time ‘ Handed ’ in a Quantum World?, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Aristotelian Society, pp. |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | No Place for Particles in Relativistic Quantum Theories?, Philosophy of Science 69(1): 1–28. |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | Or, in terms of the underlying Hilbert space vectors, why should time reversal preserve transition probabilities? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | So, what is the origin of these rules? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | What exactly does that mean to reverse the time- order of a quantum trajectory ψ(t)? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | What happens to an electron ’s spin? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | When is a transformation antiunitary, as opposed to unitary? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | Which is correct? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | Why believe this, when nobody has ever physically ‘ reversed time ’? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | Why is it that time reversal preserves position and reverses momentum in quan- tum mechanics? |
| work_ok4obn2va5e3bjbexydmlsfe5u | Will the resulting film display a motion that is possible, or impossible? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | ), Rational animals? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | A postgenomic gene concept? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | But it also points the way forward — since philosophers have more seriously begun doing this sort of thing why not do it well? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | Can we substantively demarcate XU from ‘ traditional ’ philosophy? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | Having embraced continuity, why has this segment of the philo- sophical community stopped at the level of the natural historical approach? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | Hence, a person might ask: ‘ Why on earth would someone mix together statistical and moral considerations in this complex way? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | How does a scientist today decide where one gene starts and another stops? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | How( and where) does moral judgment work? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | In sum, it does not seem to us that there can be any quick, gen- eral answer to the question, is XU a genuinely possible form of in- quiry? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | Models of covariation and attribution: How do they relate to the analogy of analysis of variance? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | Or a combination of the two? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | Or something about the reviewer? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | So how, then, does X- Phi exemplify this continuity between philosophy and science? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | The question of questions: What is a gene? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | This view we call the continuity hypothesis.1 On which of these views does XU turn out automatically to be an impossible project? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | Transitive inference in animals: Reasoning or conditioned associations? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | Was it something about the paper itself? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | What explains this difference in their responses? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | What is naturalistic epistemology? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | What ’s within? |
| work_ki4hiqecwngu3bobqnoizssyj4 | With genes like that, who needs an environment? |
| work_s7vsefxgc5c53jxjedpstpjieu | 13 5.2 Why did Einstein Supersede Lorentz? |
| work_s7vsefxgc5c53jxjedpstpjieu | Are newtonian gravitation and geometrized newtonian gravitation theoretically equivalent? |
| work_s7vsefxgc5c53jxjedpstpjieu | Must evidence underdetermine theory? |
| work_s7vsefxgc5c53jxjedpstpjieu | So why might Norton have thought that the ether state of rest is surplus structure? |
| work_s7vsefxgc5c53jxjedpstpjieu | Why did einstein''s programme supersede lorentz''s? |
| work_s7vsefxgc5c53jxjedpstpjieu | Why did einstein''s programme supersede lorentz''s? |
| work_sh66uopa7zcz7ett6aakomuzpy | But are infinite sequences something that can be learned? |
| work_sh66uopa7zcz7ett6aakomuzpy | Immodest Bayesians? |
| work_sh66uopa7zcz7ett6aakomuzpy | In fact, why should one have a definite prior at all and not move to imprecise probabilities in order to be as non- committal as possible? |
| work_sh66uopa7zcz7ett6aakomuzpy | Now, returning to our original question, what does convergence of conditional probabilities mean in the new framework? |
| work_pnh5ylwp75gehgdtbsv3qjlmtu | 4 Locality: let me count the ways Now what are the relations between Belot''s condition of diachronic locality and the two causal conditions? |
| work_pnh5ylwp75gehgdtbsv3qjlmtu | And how, if at all, are the two causal conditions related? |
| work_pnh5ylwp75gehgdtbsv3qjlmtu | Are not ® eld theories local( almost) by de ® nition? |
| work_pnh5ylwp75gehgdtbsv3qjlmtu | Are there reasons for why considerations of analyticity can sometimes be discounted? |
| work_pnh5ylwp75gehgdtbsv3qjlmtu | Does Dirac''s theory satisfy Earman''s condition? |
| work_pnh5ylwp75gehgdtbsv3qjlmtu | The general philosophical question in which I am interested is: what is it for a theory to be local or non- local? |
| work_pnh5ylwp75gehgdtbsv3qjlmtu | [ 1976]:` Is Preacceleration of Particles in Dirac''s Electrodynamics a Case of Backward Causation? |
| work_tnenc4sxkbaithdctao6nd457q | How do mathematicians research? |
| work_tnenc4sxkbaithdctao6nd457q | What relationship does Mathematics have with empirical sciences and with reality? |
| work_qefqchg3f5ecloa5r5fgawuqra | 170 John D. Norton Alper, J. S., Bridger, M., Earman, J. and Norton, J. D.[ 2000]: ‘ What is a Newtonian system? |
| work_qefqchg3f5ecloa5r5fgawuqra | And how should those differences be effected? |
| work_qefqchg3f5ecloa5r5fgawuqra | As alterations just to fundamental constants like h and c? |
| work_qefqchg3f5ecloa5r5fgawuqra | Do these extreme values correspond to justification of complete belief in A and complete disbelief in A? |
| work_qefqchg3f5ecloa5r5fgawuqra | How are we to decide which components apply in a given context? |
| work_qefqchg3f5ecloa5r5fgawuqra | How are we to represent our uncertainty over the time T of spontaneous acceleration? |
| work_qefqchg3f5ecloa5r5fgawuqra | Might there be some system of inductive inference that could distinguish some entailments as virtuous and others as deficient? |
| work_qefqchg3f5ecloa5r5fgawuqra | Or do they correspond to complete belief in A and complete ignorance concerning A? |
| work_qefqchg3f5ecloa5r5fgawuqra | Or in alterations to Schrödinger ’s equation itself? |
| work_qefqchg3f5ecloa5r5fgawuqra | To what degree does that evidence confirm each of the three half- lives possible for this atom? |
| work_qefqchg3f5ecloa5r5fgawuqra | What should we use? |
| work_qefqchg3f5ecloa5r5fgawuqra | Will we try to hold all of physics fixed and just imagine different half- lives for Radium 221? |
| work_tvlzrwtnzrdzthpgrpu4gggfca | But why would one think that Labeling Invariance holds in the first place? |
| work_tvlzrwtnzrdzthpgrpu4gggfca | What is then the Principle of Indifference in connec- tion with such infinite probability spaces? |
| work_rpnzqwamtjfalfkrcgtid3tyhu | Are Rindler quanta real? |
| work_rpnzqwamtjfalfkrcgtid3tyhu | No place for particles in relativistic quantum theories? |
| work_rpnzqwamtjfalfkrcgtid3tyhu | Triviality pursuit: Can elementary scalar particles exist? |
| work_rpnzqwamtjfalfkrcgtid3tyhu | What is the point of so- called “ axiomatic field theory ”? |
| work_rpnzqwamtjfalfkrcgtid3tyhu | When Is a Problem Solved?, pp. |
| work_rpnzqwamtjfalfkrcgtid3tyhu | Whither axiomatic field theory? |
| work_s72ur7eedfg2vi6heq3jhzdxxa | 423- 442] The Big Bad Bug: What Are the Humean''s Chances? |
| work_s72ur7eedfg2vi6heq3jhzdxxa | 543- 547] How Untidy Is God''s Mind? |
| work_s72ur7eedfg2vi6heq3jhzdxxa | PRIOR, E. W.( 1985]:''What is Wrong with Etiological Accounts of Biological Function? |
| work_s72ur7eedfg2vi6heq3jhzdxxa | Unless selection is at work, the question''What for?'' |
| work_s72ur7eedfg2vi6heq3jhzdxxa | What is a wolf for? |
| work_s72ur7eedfg2vi6heq3jhzdxxa | Why are there so many corkscrews? |
| work_s72ur7eedfg2vi6heq3jhzdxxa | Why are they shaped thus and so? |
| work_r5dmqkdnc5helpi2a5ut3icn5m | How might the openness of this space and the concomitant neutrality of the analogy be represented? |
| work_r5dmqkdnc5helpi2a5ut3icn5m | However, not all theories are like quantum mechanics; does this ac- count put the Received View radically out of step with scientific practice? |
| work_r5dmqkdnc5helpi2a5ut3icn5m | If models are just interpre- tations, Psillos asks,"Why not abandon[ them] altogether and go just for theories?" |
| work_r5dmqkdnc5helpi2a5ut3icn5m | In both cases a challenge is set for the Semantic Approach just as it was for the Received View; can it be met? |
| work_r5dmqkdnc5helpi2a5ut3icn5m | Is the Received View then committed to antirealism( Psillos 1995, 11 l)? |
| work_r5dmqkdnc5helpi2a5ut3icn5m | McMullin,~ r n a n( 1968):"w h a t d o Physical Models Tell Us? |
| work_r5dmqkdnc5helpi2a5ut3icn5m | Thirty years on and where are we? |
| work_r5dmqkdnc5helpi2a5ut3icn5m | Truesdell, Clive( 1984),"Suppesian Stews", in An Idiot''s Fugitive Essays on Science: Meth- ods, Criticisn?, Training, Circumstances. |
| work_r5dmqkdnc5helpi2a5ut3icn5m | What about McMullin7s temporal dimension? |
| work_r5dmqkdnc5helpi2a5ut3icn5m | Why, then, use models at all in scientific thinking? |
| work_u5fvrvqcozbtllt6hszpqxmqka | How does this generalize to arbitrary causal structures? |
| work_u5fvrvqcozbtllt6hszpqxmqka | In what sense, then, is the direct arrow from x → z in PM3 justified? |
| work_s74sfrn3yvdm7iixnucvqvnsuy | 9 Back on the Imaginative Path What about the claim that beliefs motivate action whereas imaginings do not, and are effectively ‘ quarantined ’? |
| work_s74sfrn3yvdm7iixnucvqvnsuy | And how might we appropriate it to render imagination ‘ belief- like ’? |
| work_s74sfrn3yvdm7iixnucvqvnsuy | Do we encounter anything along these lines when it comes to scientific theories or models? |
| work_s74sfrn3yvdm7iixnucvqvnsuy | What about scientific works? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | ( or, perhaps, Why should we care about math- ematics? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | 3 Some examples: From analysis: Are there nonmeasurable � 12 sets of reals? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | 440 Jeffrey W. Roland neutrality of her position? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | 5 A way out? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | 6 Or out of the way? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | After all, is not logic ontologically neutral? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | Are there uncountable � 11 sets of reals with no perfect subset? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | But does this response really get to the heart of the question it is intended to answer? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | Can Mathematical Naturalism put mathematical holism into play? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | For what justifies the axioms of arithmetic? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | From algebra: Is every uncountable Whitehead group a free group? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | How is it possible for us to know what we( take it we) know about the world? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | In virtue of what are we justified in holding such familiar arithmetic beliefs? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | Maddy and Mathematics: Naturalism or Not 437 it is naturalistic? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | Might not some branches of science be capable of internally accounting for the reliability of the epistemic norms deployed in them? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | On what grounds do we justify the adoption of these axioms? ’( pp. |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | So why should we be moved by AFSP? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | That is, she wants to answer the justifying axioms question:( JAQ) What justifies axioms of set theory? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | What sort of story can she tell? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | What sort of story should the Mathematical Naturalist tell that will help her? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | What we do get is an answer to the question: Why do we care about mathematics? |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | [ 1979]: ‘ What is justified belief? ’, in P. K. Moser( ed. |
| work_l6wsxuxli5ewfobmav7hyglhau | [ 1993]: ‘ Does V Equal L? ’, Journal of Symbolic Logic, 58, pp. |
| work_sb7vzgl32fglrbhqvhlagfgeau | Our question is a more basic one: Why is the equilibrium state β- dominant? |
| work_sb7vzgl32fglrbhqvhlagfgeau | So we ask: which of the distributions is the equilibrium distribu- tion? |
| work_sb7vzgl32fglrbhqvhlagfgeau | So what justifies the association of equilibrium with the largest cell? |
| work_sb7vzgl32fglrbhqvhlagfgeau | The central question then becomes: why is the α- ε- equilibrium state β- dominant? |
| work_sb7vzgl32fglrbhqvhlagfgeau | What justifies the association of equilibrium with the largest cell? |
| work_sb7vzgl32fglrbhqvhlagfgeau | What justifies this identification? |
| work_sb7vzgl32fglrbhqvhlagfgeau | “ Can Conditioning on the Past Hypothesis Militate Against the Reversibility Objections? ” Philosophy of Science 71: 489- 504. |
| work_sb7vzgl32fglrbhqvhlagfgeau | “ Who Is Afraid of Nagelian Reduction? ” Erkenntnis 73: 393- 412. |
| work_ujau4mrtrbekdef5cydwhpllua | Do you wish to add captions to figures 1, 2, or 3? |
| work_sud4vlzzuvfh5muoam3xi5yygm | Are philosophers expert intuiters? |
| work_sud4vlzzuvfh5muoam3xi5yygm | But this analysis seems vulnerable to an obvious objection: is n’t Carnap merely changing the subject? |
| work_sud4vlzzuvfh5muoam3xi5yygm | But would anyone criticize the bacteriologist for using a microtome, and assert that he is evading the problem of correctly using a pocketknife? |
| work_sud4vlzzuvfh5muoam3xi5yygm | Should we trust our intuitions? |
| work_smdw2easj5ghrmoidnwhjubakm | ( Kourany 2010?) |
| work_smdw2easj5ghrmoidnwhjubakm | 5 Why Priority? |
| work_smdw2easj5ghrmoidnwhjubakm | Lexical priority treats testing as, given the evidence, what should we make of our hypothesis? |
| work_smdw2easj5ghrmoidnwhjubakm | Why such a strict priority of evidence over values? |
| work_qyakarlhhrfsjn2wp32rkyltla | But are there more substantial causal questions that could have been answered by the experiment in question? |
| work_qyakarlhhrfsjn2wp32rkyltla | But could the experiment still afford causal inference, if we knew where to look and what assumptions to apply? |
| work_qyakarlhhrfsjn2wp32rkyltla | But what is the relevant hypothetical experiment for a given causal claim? |
| work_qyakarlhhrfsjn2wp32rkyltla | Could there be any pores or imperfections in the device? |
| work_qyakarlhhrfsjn2wp32rkyltla | Despite the lack of interest in causal questions on the part of those involved in the experiment, can causal conclusions can be drawn anyway? |
| work_qyakarlhhrfsjn2wp32rkyltla | Did the space transmit sound? |
| work_qyakarlhhrfsjn2wp32rkyltla | Does a certain drug improve prognosis for patients with a certain condition? |
| work_qyakarlhhrfsjn2wp32rkyltla | Does the type of fertilizer applied to potatoes affect crop yield? |
| work_qyakarlhhrfsjn2wp32rkyltla | Is such an experiment intended to test a causal claim? |
| work_qyakarlhhrfsjn2wp32rkyltla | The questions posed and debated were, instead, factual questions and questions of interpretation about the phenomenon: How high did the water stand? |
| work_qyakarlhhrfsjn2wp32rkyltla | Was the space a vacuum, or was it not? |
| work_swj244hmarh5nhr64jnlowzkzq | ( 1996), “ Does a Rock Implement Every Finite- State Automaton? ”, Synthese 108: 310–333. |
| work_swj244hmarh5nhr64jnlowzkzq | ( 1996), “ What Is Computation? ”, Synthese 108: 224–359. |
| work_swj244hmarh5nhr64jnlowzkzq | ( 1998), “ Why Is a Wing like a Spoon? |
| work_swj244hmarh5nhr64jnlowzkzq | What is wrong with that? |
| work_swj244hmarh5nhr64jnlowzkzq | Why is one grouping privileged within a computing mech- anism? |
| work_swj244hmarh5nhr64jnlowzkzq | Why? |
| work_ufsaqui4i5brvclk5uzdsun2oq | Earman, John( 1992), Bayes or Bust? |
| work_ufsaqui4i5brvclk5uzdsun2oq | Why is either of these theorems a “ problem? ” The definition of C was stipulative, so there can be no question about its correctness. |
| work_qm3rt3v2mfbwnogxff46ue4fga | But what exactly might that weaker claim amount to? |
| work_qm3rt3v2mfbwnogxff46ue4fga | Gore, S. M.( 1981), “ Assessing Clinical Trials — Why Randomise? ”, British Medical Journal 282: 1958–1960. |
| work_qm3rt3v2mfbwnogxff46ue4fga | So, again, why such an emphasis on RCTs now? |
| work_qm3rt3v2mfbwnogxff46ue4fga | The idea that clinicians ought to base practice on best evidence surely ought to win widespread acceptance, but what exactly counts as best evidence? |
| work_qm3rt3v2mfbwnogxff46ue4fga | What Evidence in Evidence- Based Medicine? |
| work_qm3rt3v2mfbwnogxff46ue4fga | What Evidence in Evidence‐Based Medicine? |
| work_qm3rt3v2mfbwnogxff46ue4fga | What Evidence in Evidence‐Based Medicine? |
| work_qm3rt3v2mfbwnogxff46ue4fga | What evidential role, if any, is played by ‘ clinical experience ’ or ‘ clinical expertise ’? |
| work_qm3rt3v2mfbwnogxff46ue4fga | Why Randomize? |
| work_qm3rt3v2mfbwnogxff46ue4fga | persuasive are different kinds of evidence( or rather, how persuasive ought they to be)? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | ( 1983) What is a Law of Nature? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | 6 Does Lewis include dispositions in the allowed “ local intrinsic properties ”? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | All fruits in Smith ’s garden are apples; therefore(?) |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | Are facts entailed by best- system laws true in nearby worlds? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | Are the laws, chances, and causal relationships nothing but patterns which supervene on this point- by- point distribution of properties? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | But are we prepared to say that, in this world, all objects need to be spherical? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | Do best- system laws meet this criterion? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | In which sense( if at all) can such an account provide a sufficient analysis of this concept? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | Must their inhabitants have the same de re modal properties? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | Now do best- system laws support counterfactuals? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | Putnam, 1978, p. 164)? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | What about nomic necessity in our world? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | What reasons are there for Lewis to “ export ” the similarity relation used in his account of causation to the context of laws? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | What sort of antecedent- worlds are closest to i? |
| work_nlp2s2dhlva5lhnsifywjmrn44 | Why then does Lewis not adopt this view? |
| work_tcizryiqiffuhmovsa2yivnyae | Any chance of killing your grandfather and preventing your own existence? |
| work_tcizryiqiffuhmovsa2yivnyae | How likely are causal loops, such as travelling into the past to give your earlier self blueprints for a time machine? |
| work_tcizryiqiffuhmovsa2yivnyae | November 2014 Probabilty and time travel Is time travel possible? |
| work_sbpesovbs5g4fcwho5rqtya6ta | Are the two types to be counted as equally frequent? |
| work_sbpesovbs5g4fcwho5rqtya6ta | But is the occurrence of a break in the underground stem sufficient to produce a new individual for accounting purposes? |
| work_sbpesovbs5g4fcwho5rqtya6ta | Do all the ramets of a single original stem count as belonging to a single individual, or is each to be counted as a separate individual? |
| work_sbpesovbs5g4fcwho5rqtya6ta | How is fitness to be calculated in such instances? |
| work_sbpesovbs5g4fcwho5rqtya6ta | Which, then, is the correct measure of fitness? |
| work_sbpesovbs5g4fcwho5rqtya6ta | Why should it matter that these flowering stems are connected above ground rather than below? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | ( 1999),"Quantum spacetime: What do we know? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | Affine structure? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | Conformal structure? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | Differentiable structure? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | How ought one give a quantum theory of any of these? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | Metric structure? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | Point- set structure? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | Projective structure? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | S433 ERIK CURIEL How ought one judge his claim that string theory has already met the first two listed challenges? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | Top- ological structure? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | What aspects of spacetime should we at- tempt to include in a quantum theory? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | What constraints, if any, can one place on them? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | What ideas can one legitimately use to inspire one in constructing them? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | What may it mean to give a quantum theory of any of these? |
| work_p4q4iumijzee3bqwjyzmy5gpea | Where, though, do the initial hypotheses come from? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | ( 2) Which methodology? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | After all, these market prices still had Obama as the favorite, so why should we term them ‘ surprised ’ by his victory? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | Are the predictive successes of one election transfer- rable to another? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | Can they nevertheless provide us with explanations anyway? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | Could All the Polls Have Been Wrong? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | How can we make progress, that is, predict election results even better? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | In particular, was there some procedural skew, common across many or all polls, that had been mistakenly depressing Romney ’s figures? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | Is systematic predictive success in social science possible? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | Meanwhile, do elections satisfy the metaphysical criteria allegedly nec- essary for predictive success? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | Next, if successful prediction is possible, what makes that so? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | That is, will a similar polling aggregation strategy work elsewhere? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | There is a literature in political science on election prediction that aims to furnish just such generalizable models.15 How does it fare? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | Was it? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | What to do? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | Why did Obama win? |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | “ How Are the Sciences of Complex Systems Possible? ” Philosophy of Science 72:531–56. |
| work_nmmvu7ylrzd4rg4nw6q5oibrom | “ The Job of President and the Jobs Model Forecast: Obama for ’ 08? ” PS: Political Science and Politics 41:687–90. |
| work_pt6axjn2crfyfiq5kasb5aoi5a | ( 1999) ‘ Is haptic perception continuous with cognition? ’ Behavioural and Brain Sciences 22(3): 378- 9. |
| work_pt6axjn2crfyfiq5kasb5aoi5a | Dynamic anticipatory processing of hierarchical sequential events: a common role for Broca''s area and ventral premotor cortex across domains? |
| work_pt6axjn2crfyfiq5kasb5aoi5a | Gerrans, P. and Stone, V. E.( 2008) ‘ Generous or parsimonious cognitive architecture? |
| work_pt6axjn2crfyfiq5kasb5aoi5a | Holzkamp, K. and Perlwitz, E.( 1966) ‘ Absolute oder relative Größenakzentuierung? |
| work_pt6axjn2crfyfiq5kasb5aoi5a | However, what about the intra- perceptual interpretation? |
| work_pt6axjn2crfyfiq5kasb5aoi5a | Moreover, what explains this error? |
| work_pt6axjn2crfyfiq5kasb5aoi5a | Now, what does all of this imply for a strong modularity theory, any theory that commits to informationally encapsulated perceptual modules? |
| work_pt6axjn2crfyfiq5kasb5aoi5a | The question now becomes: are there any experimental cases that satisfy( CP)? |
| work_pt6axjn2crfyfiq5kasb5aoi5a | What about the judgement interpretation? |
| work_pt6axjn2crfyfiq5kasb5aoi5a | What can we infer from double dissociations? |
| work_pt6axjn2crfyfiq5kasb5aoi5a | What do double dissociation prove? |
| work_pt6axjn2crfyfiq5kasb5aoi5a | _____( 1999) ‘ Is vision continuous with cognition? |
| work_uhq6ja4cafchxgtnv3x3ecqqhi | What does this mean? |
| work_uf33zdhu3fexbe6r4debo4dmry | Emotion: Biological Fact or Social Construction? |
| work_uf33zdhu3fexbe6r4debo4dmry | The question then is, how can each be understood such that it is explicitly consistent with the other? |
| work_rivwyuy6andiznvpzhaom5tlx4 | 790 Initiating Coordination Paul Weirich†‡ How do rational agents coordinate in a single- stage, noncooperative game? |
| work_rivwyuy6andiznvpzhaom5tlx4 | Does coordination arising this way involve any irrationality? |
| work_rivwyuy6andiznvpzhaom5tlx4 | Is an agent ’s commitment to High rational to have? |
| work_rivwyuy6andiznvpzhaom5tlx4 | Is it rational for an agent to perform the act the commitment issues? |
| work_rivwyuy6andiznvpzhaom5tlx4 | Is that reasoning fully rational? |
| work_rivwyuy6andiznvpzhaom5tlx4 | May any of the commitment devices that humans use, for instance, be applied without irrationality at any step? |
| work_rivwyuy6andiznvpzhaom5tlx4 | May it maximize utility among possible decisions at a time to adopt a plan rather than postpone decisions about future acts? |
| work_rivwyuy6andiznvpzhaom5tlx4 | May rational agents, in contrast with hyperrational agents, use com- mitment to initiate coordination? |
| work_rivwyuy6andiznvpzhaom5tlx4 | Under what circumstances is a plan irrationally retained? |
| work_rivwyuy6andiznvpzhaom5tlx4 | What principles of ratio- nality lead individuals to do their parts in a method of coordinating? |
| work_rivwyuy6andiznvpzhaom5tlx4 | Why does an agent adopt a plan? |
| work_rivwyuy6andiznvpzhaom5tlx4 | Why not put off decisions about future acts until the times for them arrive? |
| work_um6tyhx7ufgupoemabj3572pb4 | From this, the question arises: which of the causal factors leading to an event should be included in an explanation of that event? |
| work_p3cmr435jvfc3koxgouak363qq | After this has been recognised, is the probability scheme any longer needed? |
| work_p3cmr435jvfc3koxgouak363qq | Are There Quantum Jumps? |
| work_p3cmr435jvfc3koxgouak363qq | Has the idea of the mysterious sudden leaps of single electrons not become gratituitous? |
| work_p3cmr435jvfc3koxgouak363qq | How else should one understand the exact dove- tailing in the great''double- entry''book- keeping in nature? |
| work_p3cmr435jvfc3koxgouak363qq | If I smoke 25 cigarettes per day, and my wife smokes Io, and my daughter 12-is not the family consumption 47 per day- on the average? |
| work_p3cmr435jvfc3koxgouak363qq | Io ARE THERE QUANTUM JUMPS? |
| work_p3cmr435jvfc3koxgouak363qq | Is it expedient? |
| work_p3cmr435jvfc3koxgouak363qq | Is it so very repugnant to common sense? |
| work_p3cmr435jvfc3koxgouak363qq | One might say, why not, if this interpretation works and if it is consistent? |
| work_p3cmr435jvfc3koxgouak363qq | Part I The British Society for the Philosophy of Science Are There Quantum Jumps? |
| work_p3cmr435jvfc3koxgouak363qq | What has all this to do with quantum jumps? |
| work_p3cmr435jvfc3koxgouak363qq | i- iv] Are There Quantum Jumps? |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | 5 Is that all there is to be said about Plantinga ’s severing of behaviour and semantics? |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | Adaptive Path Dependency Does survival really require true or accurate belief? |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | But is theism among them? |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | Does a ball break a window ‘ by virtue of being a birthday present ’, asks Plantinga rhetorically? |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | Fair enough, argues Plantinga, but does this give us any confidence that such beliefs are also true? |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | How else could we identify sloppy and biased reasoning arising from system 1? |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | Is the link between true belief and fitness then secured? |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | Naturalism Defeated? |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | Or the other way around? |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | So is it ‘ in virtue of ’ not having any positive divisors, other than 1 and itself, that 13 is a prime number? |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | “ Darwin ’s Doubt, Calvin ’s Calvary. ” In Naturalism Defeated? |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | “ How Can Human Beings Transgress Their Biologically Based Views? ” South African Journal of Philosophy 31: 707 – 735. |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | “ Minds: Extended or Scaffolded? ” Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 9: 465 – 481. |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | “ Reply to Beilby ’s Cohorts. ” In Naturalism Defeated? |
| work_pyoqssvuabesxla7iby5phewhe | “ What ’s Wrong with the Evolutionary Argument Against Naturalism? ” Inter- national Journal for Philosophy of Religion 69: 193 – 204. |
| work_sn23xeigwbcejg4ed3y2m4je34 | Are the latter metaphors? |
| work_sn23xeigwbcejg4ed3y2m4je34 | Heidegger, Martin 1968: What Is Called Thinking? |
| work_sn23xeigwbcejg4ed3y2m4je34 | How is it that we can understand other people? |
| work_sn23xeigwbcejg4ed3y2m4je34 | What are the necessary conditions for such knowledge and experience? |
| work_r6omrgatdvcibiryikkiv73n2m | How can we refine our understanding of contingency so it can be applied with less ambiguity? |
| work_r6omrgatdvcibiryikkiv73n2m | How do we know, for example, that aliens would identify proton structure as an interesting question? |
| work_r6omrgatdvcibiryikkiv73n2m | How should recognizing the distinction between these two varieties of contingency inform the C/ I debate? |
| work_r6omrgatdvcibiryikkiv73n2m | Microsoft Word- Martin_PSA2012_Distro.docx 1 Is the Contingentist/ Inevitabilist Debate a Matter of Degrees? |
| work_r6omrgatdvcibiryikkiv73n2m | The Social Construction of What? |
| work_r6omrgatdvcibiryikkiv73n2m | “ Are the Results of Our Science Contingent of Inevitable? ” Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science 39:221- 229. |
| work_r6omrgatdvcibiryikkiv73n2m | “ How Inevitable Are the Results of Successful Science? ” Philosophy of Science 67:58- 71. |
| work_ux2na7wlezh45aitukkrjzctlm | What, then, of high- level explanations that reference multiply realizable properties and functional specifications? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | ( 1989, 67) How does his answer help us to understand how theories are used to make predictions? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | According to quantum field theory, are there interacting particles that carry the forces of the theory? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | And how do we find out? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | Can I be sure that I have recognized all possible formulations in ar- bitrary cases? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | For, what are these structural features of the theoretical model without real- world correlate? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | How do we determine which structural features of the models do not have real- world correlates? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | How does the semantic conception fare as an account of understanding the claims made by a theory? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | If one responds to questions like, what ’s real for the theory?, any answer is bound to be an interpretation( 1989, 226). |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | Is quantum field theory about special- relativistic quantum particles or is it about quantized fields? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | So is quantum field theory one theory or many? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | Specifically, how does the account fare as an adjudicator of debates about the content of scientific theories? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | The answer we adopt to the question, What is the quan- tum theory of fields? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | What I will call the privileged formulations account answers the question, What role is the old theory itself playing in the search for a new theory? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | What are we to make of this difference? |
| work_okhnfe4wbzbmdfk6j45ncuqg6y | What ’s the difference? |
| work_u3hv3ubbkjcb7ilch6scl74fc4 | “ What Is Abduction? |
| work_u3hv3ubbkjcb7ilch6scl74fc4 | “ Why Was the Logic of Discovery Abandoned? ” In Nickles, T. |
| work_u3jbyw2z2ze3xlzseipcdtddhu | BOOK REVIEWS, EDITED, AND SHORT WORKS “ The Diversities of Biodiversity[ review of James Maclaurin and Kim Sterelny, What is Biodiversity? |
| work_p3jg3phxxbf6jie4w4u52t4eby | But I would not regard this as an “ explanation ” of inertial motion( is Brown relying on the nomological- deductive model of explanation here?) |
| work_p3jg3phxxbf6jie4w4u52t4eby | But why not solve this dispute by a conventionalist move? |
| work_p3jg3phxxbf6jie4w4u52t4eby | Do n’t we need to solve the measurement problem first? |
| work_p3jg3phxxbf6jie4w4u52t4eby | For instance, why should all explanations be dynamical? |
| work_p3jg3phxxbf6jie4w4u52t4eby | Of course, at this point one can always ask: why does such a stipulation hold? |
| work_p3jg3phxxbf6jie4w4u52t4eby | Very often, the main question that has been raised about such relativistic effects is: are they real? |
| work_p3jg3phxxbf6jie4w4u52t4eby | Would it make sense to ask why is the electric field the way it is in this frame and it is different in another frame? |
| work_stv7hzbwsvhsvjk5y3aichavei | Can Typicality Arguments Dissolve Cosmology ’s Flatness Problem? |
| work_stv7hzbwsvhsvjk5y3aichavei | In such circumstances, one might be in- clined to wonder “ Why is my universe ’s spatial curvature so large? |
| work_stv7hzbwsvhsvjk5y3aichavei | What is the answer? |
| work_stv7hzbwsvhsvjk5y3aichavei | What is the significance of this fact about the GHS measure, specifically for the flatness problem? |
| work_stv7hzbwsvhsvjk5y3aichavei | “ How Probable is Inflation? ” Nuclear Physics B 298:( 1988) 789–809. |
| work_stv7hzbwsvhsvjk5y3aichavei | “ How many e- folds should we expect from high- scale inflation? ” Physical Review D 90:( 2014) 1–14. |
| work_vajad46ebrbdddkqtcc35n6o7q | — — —( 1999), “ What is Structural Empiricism? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | ( forthcoming b),"What Is Behavior? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | ( or, say,"goal directed?") |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | And how would one decide either of those questions but arbitrarily? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | Are normal conditions for a mouse, perhaps, just conditions that mice, on the average, are in? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | Are they average conditions? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | Average conditions on earth? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | But a more telling quesiton, perhaps, than, Why look at history when trying to describe what functions and purposes are? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | But what leads me to conclude that historical anal- ysis is what is needed instead? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | Consider: if a seeming mouse were born of a fish, what would set the"normal conditions"for manifestation of its relevant disposition? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | Copyright? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | For example, exactly what sorts of( current) properties must an item have in common with some func- 4Defective sentences and words? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | Rather, investigators typically begin with the question,"What makes purposive behavior purposive?" |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | Remember the train brake that Christopher Robin made that"worked with a string sort of thing"? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | Second, how strong does a tendency have to be to count as a tendency, to count as helping to strengthen the correlation? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | Surely, not just that it reminds one of things that do serve a certain function, so that it makes one wistful? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | The problem is, what makes the defective item fall under a norm? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | What am I to say about that? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | What makes a be- havior fall into one of these categories? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | What then are"normal conditions"? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | Where? |
| work_mravqipdwbbvxnxpql6kobvkle | Why is there so much resistance to looking at history? |
| work_ti3vlnedcfh35jeiwg2wtlzuee | But how are theoretical premises to be established? |
| work_ti3vlnedcfh35jeiwg2wtlzuee | But how do we know that the premises are true? |
| work_ti3vlnedcfh35jeiwg2wtlzuee | The riddle is this: how are we to infer a universal statement from any finite number of singular facts? |
| work_ti3vlnedcfh35jeiwg2wtlzuee | how could lacking it be helpful? |
| work_ti3vlnedcfh35jeiwg2wtlzuee | is realism dispensable? |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | ), Many Worlds? |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | ), Many Worlds? |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | ), Many Worlds? |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | Do we have any independent reason to think that the resulting decision theory correctly models agents in an Everettian context? |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | How can Everettians explain away the apparent plausibility of the indifference reasoning that drives the quantum doomsday argument? |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | How should they distribute their credences amongst the various locations they might occupy? |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | Saunders et al., Many Worlds? |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | So, how should a defender of overlapping EQM respond to the quantum doomsday argument? |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | Why is indifference reasoning about self- location appropriate in non- Everettian contexts but inappropriate in 3 Everettian contexts? |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | – what are the probabilities probabilities of? |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | ‘ Decisions, decisions, decisions: Can Savage Salvage Everettian Probability? ’, in S. Saunders, J. Barrett, A. Kent& D. Wallace( eds. |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | • The Epistemic Problem: Given EQM, how does our ordinary statistical evidence count as evidence in favour of EQM? |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | • The Quantitative Problem: Given EQM, why should probabilities of outcomes be given by the Born Rule? |
| work_pzbqolohqvhcdid3r5mtazaxpu | • User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘ fair dealing ’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988(?) |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | ( What) do we want them to be?. |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | Do we need a sexual selection 2.0? |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | Fact or fantasy?. |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | Feminist scholarship in the sciences: Where are we now and when can we expect a theoretical breakthrough?. |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | Gender and race:( What) are they? |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | Has feminism changed science?. |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | Is science multicultural? |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | Rethinking standpoint epistemology: What is ‘ strong objectivity ’?. |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | Searle, J. R.( 1993) Rationality and realism, what is at stake? |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | The accessory chromosome: Sex determinant?. |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | The mind has no sex? |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | The women, gender, and science question: What do research on women in science and research on gender and science have to do with each other? |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | What ’s in it for me? |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | XYY men: Are they criminally aggressive?. |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | “ Is feminist work legitimate scholarship? ” was the question on which aca- demic feminism cut its teeth. |
| work_otzhyole65cjrgbnq7tbiwnjki | “ The Third Way? |
| work_tcnuo2ymgjhe5kz5cq737ob34u | 168 F. Russo and J. Williamson How, then, does evidence constrain rational causal beliefs? |
| work_tcnuo2ymgjhe5kz5cq737ob34u | Do different notions of cause fit different contexts or does a single notion account for causal relations in all domains? |
| work_tcnuo2ymgjhe5kz5cq737ob34u | How does it work? |
| work_tcnuo2ymgjhe5kz5cq737ob34u | However, if the use is probabilistic, cause2, why are mechanisms invoked as evidence, even when there is ample probabilistic evidence? |
| work_tcnuo2ymgjhe5kz5cq737ob34u | Mind and cancer: Do psychological factors cause cancer? |
| work_tcnuo2ymgjhe5kz5cq737ob34u | The environment of disease: association or causation? |
| work_tthopiwg4bb4xjdi7c6f6jodui | How could this be? |
| work_tthopiwg4bb4xjdi7c6f6jodui | Is there a syntactic solution to the hole problem? |
| work_tthopiwg4bb4xjdi7c6f6jodui | So what sort of structure would be adequate to rep- resent spacetime? |
| work_tthopiwg4bb4xjdi7c6f6jodui | What can a physicist learn from the discovery of general relativity? |
| work_tthopiwg4bb4xjdi7c6f6jodui | What price spacetime substantivalism? |
| work_tthopiwg4bb4xjdi7c6f6jodui | What should we make of this stipulation in light of the foregoing? |
| work_snx7i34yqrg6hkgs3772knfzru | Are Historical Essences Historical Enough? |
| work_snx7i34yqrg6hkgs3772knfzru | But a question, not addressed by HPC theory, is what causes a cluster of homeostatic mechanisms to be mechanisms of a particular species? |
| work_snx7i34yqrg6hkgs3772knfzru | How general is PST? |
| work_snx7i34yqrg6hkgs3772knfzru | Is the HPC approach sufficiently Darwinian? |
| work_snx7i34yqrg6hkgs3772knfzru | What explains that sim- ilarity? |
| work_snx7i34yqrg6hkgs3772knfzru | What more do we need to get an explanation? |
| work_snx7i34yqrg6hkgs3772knfzru | What sort of unity do kinds like crow possess, and how does this unity figure in explanations like the above? |
| work_snx7i34yqrg6hkgs3772knfzru | Why does this bird have black feathers? |
| work_snx7i34yqrg6hkgs3772knfzru | — — —( 1999b), “ Realism, Essence, and Kind: Resuscitating Species Essentialism? ”, in R. Wilson 1999a, 187–208. |
| work_sicjcixkjfhb3jkgtj5qsoryea | Have we been asking the wrong questions? ’ In Meyer, D. E. and Kornblum, S. |
| work_sicjcixkjfhb3jkgtj5qsoryea | Philosophical Monism? |
| work_sicjcixkjfhb3jkgtj5qsoryea | Philosophical monism? |
| work_sicjcixkjfhb3jkgtj5qsoryea | So, why make the extra commitment? |
| work_sicjcixkjfhb3jkgtj5qsoryea | What considerations might be given against pluralism? |
| work_sicjcixkjfhb3jkgtj5qsoryea | Why are there different concepts? |
| work_sicjcixkjfhb3jkgtj5qsoryea | Why is alerting defined in this way? |
| work_sicjcixkjfhb3jkgtj5qsoryea | Wu, W.[ 2010]: ‘ What is conscious attention? ’ Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 83, pp.93- 120. |
| work_sicjcixkjfhb3jkgtj5qsoryea | [ 2004], p.831).9 What do the experimenters mean when they discuss attention in this case? |
| work_sicjcixkjfhb3jkgtj5qsoryea | [ 2013]: ‘ Is attention necessary and sufficient for phenomenal consciousness? ’ Journal of Consciousness Studies, 20, pp.173- 194. |
| work_rur3zxg3bzhsbfl46b35sxcbrq | 58( 2007), 595 – 604 Is Standard Quantum Mechanics Technologically Inadequate? |
| work_rur3zxg3bzhsbfl46b35sxcbrq | Does artefact µ then malfunction or is then quantum mechanics refuted? |
| work_rur3zxg3bzhsbfl46b35sxcbrq | Finally, what if Vermaas does not reject his Narrow Interpretation so as to have an argument for his Inadequacy Claim? |
| work_rur3zxg3bzhsbfl46b35sxcbrq | Is Standard Quantum Mechanics Technologically Inadequate? |
| work_rur3zxg3bzhsbfl46b35sxcbrq | Is it not prima facie much more natural to allow them both to occur in tf – conditionals( 1)? |
| work_rur3zxg3bzhsbfl46b35sxcbrq | Physical properties or physical states: why throw one of them away in the very last step when entering quantum- mechanical territory? |
| work_rur3zxg3bzhsbfl46b35sxcbrq | What if µ does not exhibit the value ak from the spectrum of A with relative frequency|〈ak|ψ〉|2? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | 10 first name of Provine? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | 4 Are these direct quotes from Kimura? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | 5 For completeness, “ between ” requires “ and. ” Change ok? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | 7 Are these direct quotations from Ewens? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | 8 Something missing here? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | 9 Wimsatt( 2002) as in the Refs? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | Ok? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | Or another source that needs to be added? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | Perhaps “ distinct functions of modeling that serve at ”? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | Perhaps “ somewhat remotely from the data ” or “ at some distance[ or some such noun] from the data ”? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | What is the status of this argument and conclusion? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | Which order is correct? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | of quotation? |
| work_rlkw63lqmvbcfkh7gdhw6cv3n4 | q4 WORKING 6 ANYA PLUTYNSKI Wednesday Apr 25 2007 04:19 PM PHOS v73n5 730526 VML How did he arrive at this result? |
| work_ufsmtfsdlzbnrnnc6u6dwtacgq | But if this is right, why is the BSM model still widely used? |
| work_ufsmtfsdlzbnrnnc6u6dwtacgq | Critical market crashes? |
| work_ufsmtfsdlzbnrnnc6u6dwtacgq | What can account for this “ strange and mysterious ” practice? |
| work_ufsmtfsdlzbnrnnc6u6dwtacgq | What ’s the point of ceteris paribus? |
| work_ufsmtfsdlzbnrnnc6u6dwtacgq | Why Use a Broken Model? |
| work_uiqsjigdmzfkvla3qtctjskhry | Does this contradict GEP ’s point of view of not considering gauge potentials as physically real? |
| work_uiqsjigdmzfkvla3qtctjskhry | How, then, are we to do physics without potentials? |
| work_uiqsjigdmzfkvla3qtctjskhry | How, then, are we to understand the occurence of the Aµ-term? |
| work_uiqsjigdmzfkvla3qtctjskhry | Indeed, how could a new physical field be derived from a mere analysis of the symmetry structure of some theory? |
| work_uiqsjigdmzfkvla3qtctjskhry | Surely, it is very tempting to hold this suggestive interpretation, but are we really forced to? |
| work_ve7acfbx4behtllb5ia4vozede | Skyrms, Brian, and Jason Alexander( 1999), “ Bargaining with Neighbors: Is Justice Con- tagious? ”, Journal of Philosophy 96: 588–598. |
| work_ve7acfbx4behtllb5ia4vozede | The question is this: why are some games reasonable models of prosocial behaviors, while other games are not? |
| work_ujqkuwlcffh5fnr3egmaok5rkq | 5 Problems with ’ t Hooft ’s beam splitter? |
| work_ujqkuwlcffh5fnr3egmaok5rkq | Brading, K. and Brown, H. R.[ 2004]: ‘ Are Gauge Symmetry Transformations Observable? ’, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 55, pp. |
| work_url5gebz3zgadmjo2mjhh2ma2u | Why Study Philosophy Here? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | ( See also Popper''s"Logic of Scientific Discovery", Appendix* 10"on Natural or Physical Necessity"and my"What is a Natural Law?" |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | Can it be viewed as metaphysical? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | Does holism link science and politics significantly? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | Here we have a strong metaphysical indeterminacy- where does natural law end and mere regularity begin? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | How else would Carnap have ascribed to him a bastard, inconsistent linguistic version of his view all his protests notwithstanding? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | How is Duhem related to it? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | How is such a grotesque verbiage revisable? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | How? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | How? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | In part, however, the task becomes harder: rejecting Duhem''s instrumentalism Quine faces the question, what makes science what it is? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | Is he committed to physicalism as he defines it? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | Is physicalism scientific? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | Moreover, the question, are there laws of nature or are the observed regularities merely local? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | Once Quine explicitly allows the holders of different conceptual schemas free expression and rational deliberation- and how can he forbid that? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | Why should Koppelberg try so hard to pass to Neurath the credit which his evidence amply shows to be obviously due to Duhem? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | Will the real Quine stand up, please? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | Yet what observation of what facts can decide between the differing variants of abstract set theory? |
| work_ph6b737gcrcg5lal7kbmggq4tq | Zeitschrift fiir allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie XIX/1( 1988)? |
| work_vlakgjphyvd7ddnlqwijtye3ou | But how do we arrive at meaningful numbers? |
| work_vicmzmdibfe37knifga5o3v4aq | But, pray, what individuals are relations “ in ”? |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | ( 1979),"On the Psychology of Prediction: Whose is the Fallacy? |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | ( 1981),"Can Human Irrationality be Experimentally Demonstrated? |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | But is that latter claim true? |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | But on what basis do we assume that people in general have competence in reasoning? |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | But why suppose that people possess such a mechanism? |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | Copyright? |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | How much logic do you need to hunt and gather? |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | Jepson, C., Krantz, D. H. and Nisbett, R. E.( forthcoming),"Inductive Reasoning: Com- petence or Skill?" |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | Stich, S.( forthcoming),"Could Man Be an Irrational Animal?" |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | They ask: What processing mechanisms ex- plain our cognitive performance? |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | Which are acceptable canons of methodology? |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | Who are we to tell an alien people that their cosmological beliefs are unfounded? |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | Who are we to tell the common people that their inferential practices are inadequate? |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | Why should we with- hold judgments of absurdity from mystics who profess to revel in it? |
| work_r3qhkf6q65dx3emnbouua3rooa | Why suppose otherwise? |
| work_uw6vl55rqjcqhjhoopaptl7q7q | ( 2003), Whose view of life? |
| work_uw6vl55rqjcqhjhoopaptl7q7q | ? |
| work_uw6vl55rqjcqhjhoopaptl7q7q | Progress How, then, should stem cell biologists proceed? |
| work_mx67syofenbshbqfnin7rytpva | A contrastive question of the form “ Why does O have A rather than B? ” in- troduces a further presupposition. |
| work_mx67syofenbshbqfnin7rytpva | Room for a Positive View? |
| work_mx67syofenbshbqfnin7rytpva | What does this outcome not- E* amount to? |
| work_mx67syofenbshbqfnin7rytpva | Which of these interpretations supports Birch ’s claim that not- E* is overdetermined? |
| work_mx67syofenbshbqfnin7rytpva | Why should we reject origin essentialism? |
| work_mx67syofenbshbqfnin7rytpva | “ Can Cumulative Selection Explain Adaptation? ” Philosophy of Science 72( 5): 1099–112. |
| work_mx67syofenbshbqfnin7rytpva | “ Is Sex Really Necessary? |
| work_mx67syofenbshbqfnin7rytpva | “ What Can Natural Selection Explain? ” Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 41:61–66. |
| work_mx67syofenbshbqfnin7rytpva | “ What Does Natural Selection Explain? |
| work_sbz6p2bconcy7p6ltcdvgsvas4 | How does it work? |
| work_sbz6p2bconcy7p6ltcdvgsvas4 | How does the object reflect nature? |
| work_sbz6p2bconcy7p6ltcdvgsvas4 | How is the object determined based on moral choices? |
| work_sbz6p2bconcy7p6ltcdvgsvas4 | The terms natural science hat is Science?, pp. |
| work_sbz6p2bconcy7p6ltcdvgsvas4 | These characteristics are specified by Jujun S. Suriasumantri, as follows: What objects are studied by science? |
| work_sbz6p2bconcy7p6ltcdvgsvas4 | What are the uses of knowledge as a form of science? |
| work_sbz6p2bconcy7p6ltcdvgsvas4 | What is the correlation between methods and moral rules? |
| work_sbz6p2bconcy7p6ltcdvgsvas4 | What is the overriding process of knowledge as a form of science? |
| work_sbz6p2bconcy7p6ltcdvgsvas4 | What is the relationship between the objects and human characteristics, such as thinking, feeling, and sensing, that generate knowledge? |
| work_sbz6p2bconcy7p6ltcdvgsvas4 | What is truth itself known as, and what are truth''s characteristics? |
| work_sbz6p2bconcy7p6ltcdvgsvas4 | What steps should be taken to obtain true knowledge? |
| work_sbz6p2bconcy7p6ltcdvgsvas4 | What types of facilities and methods help us to obtain knowledge as a science form? |
| work_vj4bkj72ujcpxn7y33oo725rqm | Are those facts part of the ontic explanation for selective food- sharing in vampire bats? |
| work_suabiu2kfvbr3dujs3nojq2b3i | Code, L. What Can She Know? |
| work_suabiu2kfvbr3dujs3nojq2b3i | Crasnow, S. ‘ Can Science be Objective? |
| work_suabiu2kfvbr3dujs3nojq2b3i | For instance, by what criteria are we to judge which values are more conducive to good science than oth- ers? |
| work_suabiu2kfvbr3dujs3nojq2b3i | If so, how can it be decided which is best among them( or even which is better)? |
| work_suabiu2kfvbr3dujs3nojq2b3i | Lacey, H. Is Science Value Free? |
| work_suabiu2kfvbr3dujs3nojq2b3i | Nelson, L. H. Who Knows? |
| work_suabiu2kfvbr3dujs3nojq2b3i | Whose Knowledge? |
| work_suabiu2kfvbr3dujs3nojq2b3i | Whose Science? |
| work_suabiu2kfvbr3dujs3nojq2b3i | ‘ A Socially Relevant Philosophy of Science? |
| work_suabiu2kfvbr3dujs3nojq2b3i | ‘ Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: What is ‘ ‘ Strong Objectivity? ’ The Feminist Standpoint Theory Reader. |
| work_vhcsprztmfewzl4wd6nfw47zji | Gebharter ’s “ A Formal Framework for Representing Mechanisms? ” suggests to represent mechanisms by means of arrows in an acyclic causal net. |
| work_vhcsprztmfewzl4wd6nfw47zji | “ A Formal Framework for Representing Mechanisms? ” Philosophy of Science 81( 1): 138–53. |
| work_vhcsprztmfewzl4wd6nfw47zji | “ What ’s Going on Inside the Arrows? |
| work_uykbooqs5zdgvfuj46y5ejgerm | How can we account for this asymmetry with time- symmetric laws? |
| work_uykbooqs5zdgvfuj46y5ejgerm | Ridderbos, T. M.( 1997), “ The Wheeler- Feynman Absorber Theory: A Reinterpretation? ”, Foundations of Physics Letters 10( 5): 473- 486. |
| work_uykbooqs5zdgvfuj46y5ejgerm | Then where does the observed asymmetry of radiation come from? |
| work_vjldpjbioffipkmd252tbihxfy | How accurate is the standard second? |
| work_vjldpjbioffipkmd252tbihxfy | Integrative taxonomy, or iterative taxonomy? |
| work_vjldpjbioffipkmd252tbihxfy | One species or four? |
| work_u6xw6xvpe5h6zlvtjo2wc6ufka | But how should we capture this value, entangled with an element of novelty, in actual epistemic contexts? |
| work_u6xw6xvpe5h6zlvtjo2wc6ufka | How are thick terms evaluative? |
| work_u6xw6xvpe5h6zlvtjo2wc6ufka | Introduction: A thicker epistemology? |
| work_u6xw6xvpe5h6zlvtjo2wc6ufka | Is fertility virtuous in its own right? |
| work_u6xw6xvpe5h6zlvtjo2wc6ufka | Is ‘ education ’ a thick epistemic concept? |
| work_vx4ncicwxzejnl2i4bbf7eblke | Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science, Inc. Ruse, M.( 1996), “ Are Pictures Really Necessary? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | A new argument for evidentialism? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | But what are the grounds for dismissing the suggestion that one should minimise worst- case inaccuracy or minimise worst- case expected inaccuracy? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | Does doxastic transparency support evidentialism? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | I.e., which B achieves inf B∈B sup P ∗∈E Sg(P ∗, B)? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | If the chance function is P ∗, what is the expected loss incurred by B over all the expressible propositions? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | Is minimisation of inaccuracy an appropriate standard? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | Nothing but the evidential considerations? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | One concern for sufficiency is a slippery slope: if accuracy is necessary for rationality, then why is n’t truth also necessary? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | Ought we to follow our evidence? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | Suppose our beliefs fit our evidence; should we follow norm N(f) in addition? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | The question arises, should one prefer an epistemic justification over a pragmatic justification or vice versa? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | We can thus ask, which belief function B would incur minimum worst- case expected loss? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | What should she expect of her losses? |
| work_r7bloibmc5gntktovuotoh56ou | Which belief functions are compatible with the evidence in such situations? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | ( Reprinted in Michael Ruse, But Is It Science? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | ( That is, do we have some self- contained units of thought captured by inborn fixed neural structure?) |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | A new breed is growing, the meta- philosophers( Kuhn himself?). |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | Agassi 5 formal system postpones discussing the question, What are the objects to which the theory applies? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | And how does it fit in this vademecum? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | And, what mental structure is innate? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | Are scientific theories true descriptions of reality? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | Are we computers? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | As debates come to eliminate error, why is here so little about scientific error? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | By this means the problem of demarcation of science becomes the problem of inductive justification: how does experience justify theory? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | For what audience then is it written, and to what end? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | His point is unnerving: what if, as Popper said in response, science as a whole is deteriorating and loses its edge? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | How can it be useful? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | How can one prepare a better guide for the philosophy of science? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | How can practitioners use it? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | How can we limit it? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | How then is disagreement possible? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | Is this the indis- pensability thesis? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | Is this true? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | It addresses the problem, What distinguishes science from dogma? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | It is the question, What belief is rational? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | Now since idealizations have no instances, how do they advance science that seeks true explanations? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | Should we examine valuable historical cases? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | The Value of Accord Why do we strive at agreement? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | The question here is, Do mathematical entities exist, and if so, in what sense? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | To what extent are we modular? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | What can handbooks do better than encyclopedias? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | What characteristic is specific to science? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | What do they observe? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | What is alienation? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | What is cause, explanation, confirmation, etc.? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | What role do debates play in learning? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | What rules and what values( if any) govern theory- change? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | Who should be a meta- philosopher then? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | Why does controversy annoy? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | Why? |
| work_jsrzez2jtzdirklgpwwzyusviu | Yet the situation is problematic: is it wise to declare a theory false when it conflicts with an observation? |
| work_uqawynlwgrduti4opadhdhwycm | How many quotes from interviews should be given, and how detailed should these be? |
| work_uqawynlwgrduti4opadhdhwycm | How should notes from field observations( such as recorded observations of lab meetings) be presented in a philosophy paper? |
| work_uqawynlwgrduti4opadhdhwycm | How then does JGPS present itself around its 50th birthday? |
| work_uqawynlwgrduti4opadhdhwycm | How( if at all) should a philosophy journal make data available to the reviewers who have been asked to evaluate a submission? |
| work_uqawynlwgrduti4opadhdhwycm | In what form( if at all) should raw data be made available to read- ers of a journal paper( for example, as supplementary material)? |
| work_uqawynlwgrduti4opadhdhwycm | Such questions include: How are the data that have been collected best presented in manuscripts? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | 123 2584 Synthese( 2021) 198:2551–2612 3.8 The role of space What is the role of “ space ” in a spatially extended system? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | 123 Synthese( 2021) 198:2551–2612 2585 What role does the adjacency structure play in a spatially extended system? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | 123 Synthese( 2021) 198:2551–2612 2593 How would the system appear with respect to this time structure? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | 2.9 The role of time What is the significance of the linear order of the set T of times? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | 4.4 Which features of a system are real? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | And can we formulate a version of Occam ’s Razor in terms of symmetries? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Are deterministic descriptions and indeterministic descriptions observationally equiva- lent? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | But what justifies this hypothesis? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | But where do we get this assumption from? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Can we still say anything useful about the status of property P? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Could there be non- temporal forms of determinism? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Deterministic chance? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Do the laws of a given system “ care ” about the ordering of time? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Do these criteria enable us to prefer � ↑ to � →, as intuition suggests? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Does it capture a general regularity of our system? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Does it determine the past? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | How can we formulate principles of parsimony such as Occam ’s Razor? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | How do laws depend on symmetries? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | How much of our earlier framework can be extended to amorphous systems? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | In other words, are space and time more fundamental than the system ’s dynamics, or the other way around? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Is it a law? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Might space and time be “ emergent ”? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Now why does this inference work in the present example? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Should two structurally indistinguishable sys- tems count as “ the same ”, or might they count as different? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Should we treat all features of that system as “ real ”, or should we treat some features as mere artefacts of our formal description? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | So, what property of the system determines which time structures are the correct ones? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Suppose we are trying to figure out the status of some property P. Is it nomologically necessary? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | This raises the question: which, if any, of these properties qualify as “ laws ” of the system, and what does this mean? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | To put it another way: what does it mean to say that today comes between yesterday and tomorrow? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | We have discussed questions such as: how can we define nomological possibility, necessity, determinism, and indeterminism? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | What are the new implications of chaos for unpredictability? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | What is special about laws, and how are laws related to symmetries? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | What is the relationship between the geometry of space and time and the system ’s behaviour? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | What is the role of space and time in a system? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | What is the smallest set of facts encoding the system ’s entire history? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | What might cognition be, if not computation? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | What plays the role of time in an amorphous system? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | What regularities must a system display to permit global generalizations from local observations? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | What, then, can we say about the directionality and length of time? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Why are we justified in assuming that the system ’s laws are the same at different times or in different places? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Why does space have one adjacency structure rather than another? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Why is time ordered in one way, and not in another? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | Why should replicability of other scientists ’ experimental results be considered the norm, rather than a miraculous exception? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | • Does the present determine the future? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | • How can we define nomological possibility and necessity for a system? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | • How might we use principles of parsimony such as Occam ’s Razor when we make such generalizations? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | • How should we individuate systems? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | • Is this spatiotemporal geometry exogenous, or is it determined by the dynamics? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | • What are the laws governing a particular system, and is there a distinction between “ laws ” and “ brute necessities ”? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | • What is the role of space and time in a system? |
| work_dkrvei3ydnfkvk2sjnagcnu5pu | • What structure must a system have in order to permit generalizations from local observations to global regularities? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | ( 1): Is welocity intrinsic? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | 12 3 Velocity as intrinsic? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | 12 3 Velocity as intrinsic? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | 13 3.1 Can properties represented by vectors be intrinsic to a point? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | 3.1 Can properties represented by vectors be intrinsic to a point? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | But how to assign them? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | Can we con- clude that P is intrinsic? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | F. Arntzenius( 2000), ‘ Are there really instantaneous velocities? ’, The Monist 83, pp. |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | For example: how “ well- behaved ” must v be in order to be integrable( on either the Riemann or the Lebesque definition)? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | Or can we make no conclusion? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | Or extrinsic? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | S. Smith( 2003), ‘ Are instantaneous velocities real and really instantaneous? ’, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 34B, pp. |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | So my reply is: why should we accept this assumption? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | So the question arises: can properties that are so represented be intrinsic to a point? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | Thus, as to( i): why believe that accidentally orderly movement is the only way to have an orthodox but not Tooleyan velocity?. |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | What role, if any, should the results of science have in metaphysics? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | Why should discontinuous changes in velocity be the only way to have a Tooleyan velocity but not an orthodox one? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | continuous or even differentiable) welocity field? |
| work_oxir7j3sbreejl23kypamwx5re | q be? |
| work_w3pbsjrjlzdwplwzasilriz32m | A New Program for Philosophy of Science? |
| work_rhgia4bxmfabva73hkpx7b36mi | Is there also a way of inverting this procedure? |
| work_rhgia4bxmfabva73hkpx7b36mi | Now that the underlying formal framework of our theory has been made more explicit, how are we going to argue for it? |
| work_rhgia4bxmfabva73hkpx7b36mi | Similarly, why does each world have the same distance from each other world according to their geometric representations? |
| work_rhgia4bxmfabva73hkpx7b36mi | So are we buying into a presupposition that makes our approach appear highly questionable from the start? |
| work_rhgia4bxmfabva73hkpx7b36mi | What role does count- able additivity play in such extensions? |
| work_rhgia4bxmfabva73hkpx7b36mi | Which conclusions can be drawn in a non- Euclidean setting? |
| work_rhgia4bxmfabva73hkpx7b36mi | Which conviction consequence reflects the aggregate of the judges ’ judgments? |
| work_rhgia4bxmfabva73hkpx7b36mi | Why not maximize your accuracy instead? |
| work_rhgia4bxmfabva73hkpx7b36mi | • Could a variant of our theory of expected inaccuracy justify prob- abilistic methods of judgment aggregation or amalgamation? |
| work_rhgia4bxmfabva73hkpx7b36mi | • How does our theory of expected inaccuracy work in a framework that permits partial beliefs in self- locating propositions? |
| work_rhgia4bxmfabva73hkpx7b36mi | • Which of our conclusions depend essentially on our geometrical background machinery being Euclidean? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | 10 The Neo- Lorentzian Interpretation: With What Payoff? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | 10 The Neo- Lorentzian Interpretation: With What Payoff? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | 11 Why We Should Prefer the Space- Time Interpretation over the Neo- Lorentzian Interpretation 12 What About General Relativity? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | 12 What About General Relativity? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | 5 them simpliciter.5 But why is it inappropriate? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | 6 The Relativity Interpretation: Explanatorily Deficient? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | 7 The Relativity Interpretation: Ontologically Fragmented? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | 7 The Relativity Interpretation: Ontologically Fragmented? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | 8 The Space- Time Interpretation: Does God Need a Preferred Frame of Reference? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | 8 The Space- Time Interpretation: Does God Need a Preferred Frame of Reference? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | 9 The Neo- Lorentzian Interpretation: At What Price? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | 9 The Neo- Lorentzian Interpretation: At What Price? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | But should a correct semantics be a matter of “ appearances ”? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | Does the A- theory fare any better in general relativity( GR)? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | Does the Euclidean nature of space explain why the forces holding Cyrano ’s nose together are invariant 23 under rotation or the other way around? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | Einstein, Albert( 1919), “ What is the Theory of Relativity? ” The London Times, November 28, 1919. |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | Janssen, Michel( 2002), “ Reconsidering a Scientific Revolution: The Case of Einstein versus Lorentz. ” Physics in Perspective 4:??? –???. |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | Janssen, Michel( 2002), “ Reconsidering a Scientific Revolution: The Case of Einstein versus Lorentz. ” Physics in Perspective 4:??? –???. |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | Janssen, Michel( 2002), “ Reconsidering a Scientific Revolution: The Case of Einstein versus Lorentz. ” Physics in Perspective 4:??? –???. |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | Janssen, Michel( 2002), “ Reconsidering a Scientific Revolution: The Case of Einstein versus Lorentz. ” Physics in Perspective 4:??? –???. |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | Janssen, Michel( 2002), “ Reconsidering a Scientific Revolution: The Case of Einstein versus Lorentz. ” Physics in Perspective 4:??? –???. |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | Janssen, Michel( 2002), “ Reconsidering a Scientific Revolution: The Case of Einstein versus Lorentz. ” Physics in Perspective 4:??? –???. |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | Johnston, Mark( 1987), “ Is There A Problem About Persistence? ” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplement 61: 107–135. |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | Likewise, does the Minkowskian nature of space- time explain why the forces holding a rod together are Lorentz invariant or the other way around? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | What happens when they are not, especially when there is a competing theory in which they are? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | What is there to explain about phenomena such as length contraction and time dilation? |
| work_lc36xgfihje6bfhdr2wwvy57hi | Zahar, Elie( 1973), “ Why Did Einstein ’s Programme Supersede Lorentz ’s? ” British Journal for Philosophy of Science 24: 95–123, 223–262. |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | 5 What about the correction of the reducing theory? |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | Brandon, R.( 1997), “ Does Biology Have Laws? |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | But what about the external criticisms as well as Schaffner ’s own commitment to a large conceptual distance? |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | But will this critique be relevant for every possible application? |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | Can I then legitimately grant Schaffner the possibility ofT*2 stating sufficiently simple reduction functions? |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | Can the Internal Tension Be Eliminated? |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | Fell, D.( 2007), “ How Can We Understand Metabolism? ”, in F. C. Boogerd et al. |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | How are these set- the- oretic predicates linked across two theories? |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | How exactly is my critique internal? |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | Hull, D.( 1972), “ Reduction in Genetics — Biology or Philosophy? ”, Philosophy of Science 39: 491–499. |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | If I concede this possibility, then how do I respond to Hull ’s, Kitcher ’s, and Rosenberg ’s worries? |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | If I do not grant it, then how is my critique internal? |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | Reconstructing Schaffner ’s Model: Mathematical Reduction in Con- temporary Theoretical Biology? |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | Sklar, L.( 1999), “ The Reduction(?) |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | What exactly do GRNs explain? |
| work_rn2h4wpnyvgaxddmgdzz24ersy | Why should this be? |
| work_qozp6zgqdbf6dn7jxt6dnzj5yu | But can we not think of the Maxwell- Lorentz theory as an approximation to an as yet undiscovered future theory? |
| work_qozp6zgqdbf6dn7jxt6dnzj5yu | But, one might object, has classical electrodynamics not been replaced by quantum electrodynamics? |
| work_qozp6zgqdbf6dn7jxt6dnzj5yu | How is this possible? |
| work_qozp6zgqdbf6dn7jxt6dnzj5yu | How then can an in- consistent theory have genuine empirical content? |
| work_qozp6zgqdbf6dn7jxt6dnzj5yu | Malament, David( 1995), “ Is Newtonian Cosmology Really Inconsistent? ”, Philosophy of Science 62: 489–510. |
| work_qozp6zgqdbf6dn7jxt6dnzj5yu | Thus, has classical electrodynamics not been a stepping stone in the history of physics, analogous to Norton ’s exam- ples? |
| work_qozp6zgqdbf6dn7jxt6dnzj5yu | What about quantum theory? |
| work_qozp6zgqdbf6dn7jxt6dnzj5yu | What if we postulated additional, perhaps not further specified non- elec- tromagnetic forces to ensure the stability of charged particles? |
| work_qozp6zgqdbf6dn7jxt6dnzj5yu | What philosophical lessons can we draw from this? |
| work_qozp6zgqdbf6dn7jxt6dnzj5yu | What, then, is the relation between the theory of charged dusts and that of discrete particles? |
| work_qozp6zgqdbf6dn7jxt6dnzj5yu | Why might claim i not be part of the theory? |
| work_vvnfiwol35fjdkq3wcwestvtsa | What is the relationship between QTAIM ’s bond path and other notions of the chemical bond? |
| work_un6dfqx6ofdnzo7u4csruxeywa | Applying philosophy of science to software Original Research Article Can we trust Big Data? |
| work_un6dfqx6ofdnzo7u4csruxeywa | Can we trust Big Data? |
| work_un6dfqx6ofdnzo7u4csruxeywa | Frigg R and Reiss J( 2009) The philosophy of simulation: Hot new issues or same old stew? |
| work_un6dfqx6ofdnzo7u4csruxeywa | What are the novel epistemic challenges brought about the use of computational methods? |
| work_un6dfqx6ofdnzo7u4csruxeywa | What is Big Data? |
| work_ss3vj3xrf5hvdkkxepa7mqhwrq | ( 2 �) How much would you be willing to pay for a bet that pays you$ 10 if C2 lands heads on its next toss but pays nothing otherwise? |
| work_ss3vj3xrf5hvdkkxepa7mqhwrq | ( 2) How much would you be willing to pay for a bet that pays you$ 10 if C1 lands heads on its next toss but pays nothing otherwise? |
| work_ss3vj3xrf5hvdkkxepa7mqhwrq | Can we make sense of this observation within our framework? |
| work_ss3vj3xrf5hvdkkxepa7mqhwrq | Doesn � t this mean that they desire their gambles and other prospects to be structured in this way rather than in a more risky way? |
| work_ss3vj3xrf5hvdkkxepa7mqhwrq | Here are again two analogous questions:( 1 �) How con � dent are you that C2 will come up heads on its next toss? |
| work_ss3vj3xrf5hvdkkxepa7mqhwrq | Here are two questions:( 1) How con � dent5 are you that C1 will come up heads on its next toss? |
| work_ss3vj3xrf5hvdkkxepa7mqhwrq | How much ambiguity aversion? |
| work_ss3vj3xrf5hvdkkxepa7mqhwrq | How valuable are chances? |
| work_ss3vj3xrf5hvdkkxepa7mqhwrq | Richard Bradley and H. Orii Stefansson What is risk aversion? |
| work_ss3vj3xrf5hvdkkxepa7mqhwrq | What about questions( 2) and( 2 �)? |
| work_ss3vj3xrf5hvdkkxepa7mqhwrq | What is risk aversion? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | ( forthcoming- a),"Why Are the Laws of Nature So Important to Science? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | * Are there- could there be multiple grades of necessity between logical necessity and no necessity at all? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | * In what sense is physical necessity"between"logical necessity and no necessity at all? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | 17 Do any sets besides A possess non- nomic stability? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | 175- 207] Did Malament Prove the Non- Conventionality of Simultaneity in the Special Theory of Relativity? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | Are there any other non- nomically stable sets besides these two and A? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | Are there any proper subsets of A that non- trivially possess non- nomic stability? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | Are there different degrees of lawhood? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | Here is his con- versation with a potential customer: Customer( pointing to a glass): Is this weatherglass reliable? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | However, why should we have expected the physi- cal necessities to be capable of being read off from the correctness of various counterfactuals? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | Laws and Counterfactuals- What is their Special Relation? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | Must it be a law that r? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | Or does there nevertheless remain a difference in kind? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | Suppose, however, that when asked"p> r? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | This provokes a question: Are there any other grades of necessity"between"logical necessity and no necessity at all? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | What is so special about the first sort of invariance that it gives the laws an especially intimate relation to counterfactuals? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | What should we say about this scenario? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | What would this involve? |
| work_mtaul373wbc2llxnztjrkc5wsy | stability, robustness, resilience, autonomy, permanence, constancy) than an accidental truth? |
| work_w4ymipkbxfcvlbjdd2op5uw5ai | Is de Broglie- Bohm Theory Specially Equipped to Recover Classical Behavior? |
| work_vn5jmst7gnf4rlmyccjvip4b3a | How could marriage with a cross cousin be prescribed, marriage with a parallel cousin proscribed, without articulate speech? |
| work_vn5jmst7gnf4rlmyccjvip4b3a | How could rules which prohibit plural mates possessed simultaneously but permit them if possessed one at a time, exist without speech? |
| work_vn5jmst7gnf4rlmyccjvip4b3a | Remove speech from culture and what would remain? |
| work_vbxf2jjtmrenjj7ine2cmrk4rm | ( Is( d), above, true?) |
| work_vbxf2jjtmrenjj7ine2cmrk4rm | Are moral requirements hypothetical imperatives? |
| work_vbxf2jjtmrenjj7ine2cmrk4rm | If we transported Leonardo da Vinci through time to a modern car repair shop, could he come to understand what the various tools are for? |
| work_vbxf2jjtmrenjj7ine2cmrk4rm | What intellectual capacities are needed in order to carry out this kind of reasoning? |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | ( 2000), “ Reticulate Evolution in Bacteria and Other Organisms: How Can We Study It? ” Journal of Classification 17: 159–163. |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | But should bacteria actually be considered asexual? |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | But what about definition 3? |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | But what about the second requirement of the BSC? |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | Does the diversity in bacterial species concepts indicate that microbi- ologists are pluralists about bacterial species and systematics? |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | How Much HGT? |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | Lan, Ruiting, and Peter Reeves( 2001), “ When Does a Clone Deserve a Name? |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | Lawrence, Jeffrey G.( 2002), “ Gene Transfer in Bacteria: Speciation without Species? ” The- oretical Population Biology 61: 449–460. |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | Margulis, Lynn, and Dorion Sagan( 1995), What Is Life? |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | Maynard Smith, John( 1990), “ The Evolution of Prokaryotes: Does Sex Matter? ” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 21: 1–12. |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | Nanney, David( 1999), “ When Is a Rose? |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | Redfield, Rosemary( 2001), “ Do Bacteria Have Sex? ” Nature Reviews: Genetics 2: 634–639. |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | Staley, James( 1997), “ Biodiversity: Are Microbial Species Threatened? ” Current Opinion in Biotechnology 8: 340–345. |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | Whoever thought as much? |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | Why do some scientists only consider sex to be a process of gene exchange during reproduction? |
| work_rowcaz4d5jelvozifz5mp3acxq | Would it mean that the gene was required for organisms to survive? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | ( b) Repeated exposure to loud noises{ caused/? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | ( b) Repeated exposure to loud noises{ has caused/? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | ( b) The{ cause/? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | ( b)? Slightly moist cake and soil are wonderful. |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | ? causes/ explains} Strummer ’s hearing loss. |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | ? explained} Strummer ’s hearing loss. |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | ? explanation} of my falling down the stairs could have been prevented. |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | ? has explained} Strummer ’s hearing loss. |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | ? is explaining} Strummer ’s hearing loss. |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | A change to the progressive or addition of an auxiliary, as in( 19a) Repeated exposure to loud noises{ is causing/? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | But perhaps the present case is different — do these authors really intend to endorse( 2!)? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | But within those entries, is it not just an empirical fact that explanation is polysemous, having multiple but closely related senses? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | How then shall we proceed? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | Is the philosophy of mechanism philosophy enough? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | Might the same objection hold if we modify aspect instead of tense? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | Of course, as judgments of grammaticality are scalar, some outputs may only approximate grammatical acceptability( marked by ‘? ’). |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | Should we interpret these authors ’ remarks loosely? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | So what gives? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | What explains 8? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | What explains the accident? |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | Why ask, ‘ Why? ’ An inquiry concerning scientific explanation. |
| work_nokzifccljftflj4jhxztdc5we | Why does explanation appear to pass a crucial test for lexical ambiguity but then fail to pass so many others? |
| work_srohkucrkvamrpnat6g3cium2i | Can a case be made for interpreting the cutoffs realistically? |
| work_srohkucrkvamrpnat6g3cium2i | How are we to determine the content of theory X? |
| work_srohkucrkvamrpnat6g3cium2i | If QFT were true, would space be discrete and finite in extent? |
| work_srohkucrkvamrpnat6g3cium2i | This raises the question: How should these variants of QFT be regarded? |
| work_srohkucrkvamrpnat6g3cium2i | What if the formal variant of QFT is a program which it is not possible to complete? |
| work_srohkucrkvamrpnat6g3cium2i | What went wrong with the construction of the interaction picture9? |
| work_srohkucrkvamrpnat6g3cium2i | Where does quantum field theory fit into the big picture? |
| work_srohkucrkvamrpnat6g3cium2i | Why renormalizable noncommutative quantum field theories? |
| work_srohkucrkvamrpnat6g3cium2i | Why should anyone want to axiomatize quantum field theory? |
| work_vv23z3ca3naunabld2d4yzrofa | Corpus ID: 34438524Preaching to the Choir? |
| work_vv23z3ca3naunabld2d4yzrofa | PDF] Preaching to the Choir? |
| work_vv23z3ca3naunabld2d4yzrofa | Robert Klee and the Latest Face of Scientific Realism@inproceedings{Stanford1999PreachingTT, title={Preaching to the Choir? |
| work_vnths7alonajzlhvuwjbkqrjsu | But this naturally leads us to wonder: How total should our ‘ total evidence ’ about the process of observation be? |
| work_vnths7alonajzlhvuwjbkqrjsu | In Eddington ’s fish case, how should we respect the RTE and take the information about the size of the holes in my net into account? |
| work_vnths7alonajzlhvuwjbkqrjsu | So, LP* leads us into a puzzle: How much information about the process of observation ought to be included in I? |
| work_vnths7alonajzlhvuwjbkqrjsu | What does LP** entail with regard to the FTA? |
| work_vnths7alonajzlhvuwjbkqrjsu | Why, according to the FTA, is P(EjD)> P(EjC)? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | 57( 2006), 515–535 Is Understanding A Species Of Knowledge? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | 7 So is understanding a species of knowledge? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | After all, how can one ‘ ‘ grasp ’ ’ or ‘ ‘ see ’ ’ something that is n’t right there, open to our mental view? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | Do they amount to knowledge? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | Does she genuinely understand why the chestnut shattered? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | I am sympathetic Is Understanding A Species Of Knowledge? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | Is Understanding A Species Of Knowledge? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | Is Understanding A Species Of Knowledge? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | Is Understanding A Species Of Knowledge? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | Is Understanding A Species Of Knowledge? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | Is Understanding A Species Of Knowledge? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | Should we say that it fails to amount to a case of genuine understanding? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | Specifically, has he really shown that there can be understanding in the absence of knowledge? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | This will then leave us with the following question: What should we make of Kvanvig ’s Comanche case? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | Thus, if I were to assent Is Understanding A Species Of Knowledge? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | We would not, at least we should not, say that because of Is Understanding A Species Of Knowledge? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | What then should we make of Becky ’s conclusion that the chestnut shattered because of the blow from the blacksmith ’s hammer? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | What then should we say about the status of your Comanche beliefs? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | What would be the thing to which we were assenting? |
| work_osd5gnlypfdozk54rgxg2h7lyy | While looking around for an explanation eventually you notice something unusual: the cord has been Is Understanding A Species Of Knowledge? |
| work_uryuq4iuvbajxlglzuca5cwuya | How might she go about deciding? |
| work_uryuq4iuvbajxlglzuca5cwuya | How valuable is the experiment E to her in expectation? |
| work_uryuq4iuvbajxlglzuca5cwuya | So, if Alice is uncertain about the value of Q, what expected loss does she assign her credence x in P? |
| work_uryuq4iuvbajxlglzuca5cwuya | We began with two questions:( 1) Which measures of inac- curacy are legitimate? |
| work_uryuq4iuvbajxlglzuca5cwuya | Which Scoring Rule to Use? |
| work_uryuq4iuvbajxlglzuca5cwuya | and( 2) When should we use a particular measure over another? |
| work_vhjvptmltbgmlcqg2jrve4fvxq | But if we want to pursue a type of philosophy of science that is sensitive to real scientific concerns, the question is what they do worry about? |
| work_vhjvptmltbgmlcqg2jrve4fvxq | This perception of pure movement is what Wertheimer referred to as the “ phi- phenomenon. ” What makes this method “ phenomenological ”? |
| work_uuosfw6vvnevva5v5757ns22mi | Can Mechanistic Explanation Be Reconciled with Scale-‐Free Constitution and Dynamics? |
| work_uuosfw6vvnevva5v5757ns22mi | And how does its phase as a result of entrainment, affect the behavior of its components? |
| work_uuosfw6vvnevva5v5757ns22mi | The question the diagram poses is: what do the ovals represent? |
| work_wakcafoy2bho5dxxy25samvp2m | Is it a species? |
| work_uhjckvwcjnbrvgafp2p32y34jq | Bovens, L., B. Fitelson, S. Hartmann and J. Snyder( 2002), “ Too Odd( Not) to Be True? |
| work_uhjckvwcjnbrvgafp2p32y34jq | But what exactly does it mean that H and H∗ are “ related ”? |
| work_uhjckvwcjnbrvgafp2p32y34jq | But “ sufficiently high ” with respect to which coherence measure C? |
| work_uhjckvwcjnbrvgafp2p32y34jq | Does E confirm the conjunction H∧H∗? |
| work_uhjckvwcjnbrvgafp2p32y34jq | In general, are there conditions on a set S under which it is justified to consider S as confirmed by an evidence E that confirms a member of S? |
| work_uhjckvwcjnbrvgafp2p32y34jq | Klein, P. and T. Warfield( 1994), “ What Price Coherence? ”, Analysis 54: 129- 132. |
| work_uhjckvwcjnbrvgafp2p32y34jq | Olsson, E.( 2002), “ What is the Problem of Coherence and Truth? ”, Journal of Philosophy 94: 246- 272. |
| work_uhjckvwcjnbrvgafp2p32y34jq | Shogenji, T.( 1999), “ Is Coherence Truth- Conducive? ”, Analysis 59: 338- 345. |
| work_uhjckvwcjnbrvgafp2p32y34jq | Should one consider the whole charge ∧H∗∈SH ∗ as confirmed by each witness report? |
| work_uhjckvwcjnbrvgafp2p32y34jq | What notion of coherence underlies this intuition? |
| work_wo2ljopgxvaajc2xcxx5422xvi | Die Frage driingt sich auf: Was ist diese Naturwissenschaft, die zu unserem Schicksal geworden ist? |
| work_wo2ljopgxvaajc2xcxx5422xvi | Woher ist unsere Naturwissenschaft gekommen, wovon ist sie ausgegangen und wie ist dies vom Menschengeist hervorgebrachte Wunder- werk entstanden? |
| work_tdtthogcqfdmpkpih5mzdjxb34 | And precisely which are the numerical values of the probabilities? |
| work_tdtthogcqfdmpkpih5mzdjxb34 | H(T1,T2): The system excites at time t in the interval[ T1,T2), that is, in T1 ≤ t< T2? |
| work_tdtthogcqfdmpkpih5mzdjxb34 | Has this sort of possibility shown us that the probability calculus is the One True and Universal Inductive Logic after all? |
| work_tdtthogcqfdmpkpih5mzdjxb34 | How can we select the right one? |
| work_tdtthogcqfdmpkpih5mzdjxb34 | If the term probability is used in its precise mathematical sense, then what precisely is the outcome space envisaged? |
| work_tdtthogcqfdmpkpih5mzdjxb34 | Might a fuller analysis find that these inferences derive from application of some universal inductive schema? |
| work_tdtthogcqfdmpkpih5mzdjxb34 | References Alper, J. S., M. Bridger, J. Earman and J. D.Norton( 2000),"What is a Newtonian System? |
| work_tdtthogcqfdmpkpih5mzdjxb34 | What is the degree of inductive support[ H(T1,T2)|E] accorded by the evidence E to the hypothesis H(T1,T2)? |
| work_tdtthogcqfdmpkpih5mzdjxb34 | Why can not a 14 subjective Bayesian assign a specific probability measure to the time of excitation? |
| work_tdtthogcqfdmpkpih5mzdjxb34 | Why does that fail? |
| work_t44bih5sabhsdcbptbn7tc2vem | But what sorts of neurological similarities are required for psychological explanations? |
| work_t44bih5sabhsdcbptbn7tc2vem | But why should we accept the view that individual people can be in emotional states while groups of people can not? |
| work_t44bih5sabhsdcbptbn7tc2vem | But why should we accept this view? |
| work_t44bih5sabhsdcbptbn7tc2vem | But, what of the particular objects of fear? |
| work_t44bih5sabhsdcbptbn7tc2vem | Collective fear on a naval vessel? |
| work_t44bih5sabhsdcbptbn7tc2vem | Commonsense concepts of phenomenal consciousness: Does anyone care about functional zombies? |
| work_t44bih5sabhsdcbptbn7tc2vem | Did the Republican Party feel upset about its lack of success in the 2008 election? |
| work_t44bih5sabhsdcbptbn7tc2vem | Do you see what we see? |
| work_t44bih5sabhsdcbptbn7tc2vem | Does the United States regret its decision not to intervene in the Rwandan genocide? |
| work_t44bih5sabhsdcbptbn7tc2vem | Should corporate consciousness be regulated? |
| work_t44bih5sabhsdcbptbn7tc2vem | Were the Teamsters angry about the recent decision to open American borders to Mexican trucking companies? |
| work_t44bih5sabhsdcbptbn7tc2vem | What does the Nation of China think about phenomenal states? |
| work_t44bih5sabhsdcbptbn7tc2vem | What is an emotion? |
| work_sv4ekldkw5embf457fsjuf2l5q | ( Nagel 1961, 358) So, how to exclude such cases? |
| work_sv4ekldkw5embf457fsjuf2l5q | - Dizadji- Bahmani, F.; Frigg, R.& Hartmann, S.( 2010),''Who is Afraid of Nagelian Reduction? |
| work_sv4ekldkw5embf457fsjuf2l5q | - Friedman, K.( 1982),''Is Intertheoretic Reduction Feasible? |
| work_sv4ekldkw5embf457fsjuf2l5q | 2.5 Reduction as an epistemological issue Why should we regard the Nagel- model as an epistemological model? |
| work_sv4ekldkw5embf457fsjuf2l5q | But what, then, is the relevant characterization? |
| work_sv4ekldkw5embf457fsjuf2l5q | But why do we need additional criteria to distinguish non- trivial from trivial cases of reduction? |
| work_sv4ekldkw5embf457fsjuf2l5q | But why does he believe that reduction is explanation of theories? |
| work_sv4ekldkw5embf457fsjuf2l5q | Do statements explain other statements? |
| work_sv4ekldkw5embf457fsjuf2l5q | Let us just assume that any purely syntactic view on reduction is in fact problematic.6 Would this affect, without further ado, the real Nagel- model? |
| work_sv4ekldkw5embf457fsjuf2l5q | Or, first of all, what is it to be an epistemological model? |
| work_sv4ekldkw5embf457fsjuf2l5q | So, what do these links consist in? |
| work_sv4ekldkw5embf457fsjuf2l5q | The model is( by definition?) |
| work_usrwi6rckncqjazezsyyn3kkpu | And what do we read? |
| work_usrwi6rckncqjazezsyyn3kkpu | His question is: given the kind of foundation that Laplace professes, why that calculation? |
| work_usrwi6rckncqjazezsyyn3kkpu | How could so monstrous a definition have survived three hundred articulate years? |
| work_usrwi6rckncqjazezsyyn3kkpu | Is not 2/3 the probability of Peter winning? |
| work_usrwi6rckncqjazezsyyn3kkpu | Why did Bayes''argument seem unexceptionable in France, and yet win no immediate supporters in Britain? |
| work_vau57b3sdrcuddxtlsisg44dke | Could this be so? |
| work_vau57b3sdrcuddxtlsisg44dke | How about the framing of questions that can be answered empirically as the defining characteristic of science? |
| work_vau57b3sdrcuddxtlsisg44dke | If so, how is it relevant to the philosophy of the science of behavior analysis? |
| work_vau57b3sdrcuddxtlsisg44dke | We must ask, first, “ What are the products of the science? ” For experimentalists, the products are data; for theoreticians, theories. |
| work_vau57b3sdrcuddxtlsisg44dke | What is the relevance of all this to the methods and philosophy of experimental and theoretical behavior analysis? |
| work_twmvb3ybfvbvnlcliz67m4nuoq | 108 FRANÇOIS CLAVEAU Is there a ready measure of degrees of independence? |
| work_twmvb3ybfvbvnlcliz67m4nuoq | Bayes or Bust? |
| work_twmvb3ybfvbvnlcliz67m4nuoq | Does Bovens and Hart- mann ’s shared- reliability situation come anywhere close to capturing how we think about these two results? |
| work_twmvb3ybfvbvnlcliz67m4nuoq | We can now assess the variety- of- evidence thesis: Is it always the case that P* I0ðhÞ> P* S0ðhÞ? |
| work_twmvb3ybfvbvnlcliz67m4nuoq | What happens when the source is unreliable? |
| work_twmvb3ybfvbvnlcliz67m4nuoq | What happens? |
| work_twmvb3ybfvbvnlcliz67m4nuoq | What is going on? |
| work_twmvb3ybfvbvnlcliz67m4nuoq | What would have been the reaction of the scientific community? |
| work_twmvb3ybfvbvnlcliz67m4nuoq | Where do my modeling efforts leave us? |
| work_twmvb3ybfvbvnlcliz67m4nuoq | Why is it sometimes better for confirmation to have no reliability independence rather than full independence? |
| work_vqcap2lx5nh3vat7cy67zjbljq | 13: Additional discovery step for ICMs: Can an undirected triangle( a) be recon- structed as an interactive fork( b)? |
| work_vqcap2lx5nh3vat7cy67zjbljq | 9(b)? |
| work_vqcap2lx5nh3vat7cy67zjbljq | What does condition( C) entail for coarse- grained descriptions of causal systems that omit some detail and, thus, are incomplete? |
| work_vrdl4naxtfei7dpo4jwded2vse | But what exactly is ‘ structural content ’? |
| work_vrdl4naxtfei7dpo4jwded2vse | Given a theory Θ, can we clarify the relationship between the claim that ℜ(Θ) is true and the claim that Θ is empirically adequate? |
| work_vrdl4naxtfei7dpo4jwded2vse | How do we capture this in the present framework? |
| work_vrdl4naxtfei7dpo4jwded2vse | McGee, V.[ 1985]: ‘ How Truthlike can a Predicate Be? |
| work_vrdl4naxtfei7dpo4jwded2vse | We ask: what exactly is the relation between the empirical adequacy claim and the Ramsey sentence? |
| work_vrdl4naxtfei7dpo4jwded2vse | [ 1989]: ‘ Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds? ’, Dialectica, 43, pp. |
| work_tb7x4akbmfhkddoblkomy2qnfe | ( 1982, 21- 22) But why should there be just one scientific way to understand forms of knowledge? |
| work_tb7x4akbmfhkddoblkomy2qnfe | Does this mean that no- one may engage with past science unless they avoid presentism? |
| work_tb7x4akbmfhkddoblkomy2qnfe | For chemistry, this question becomes: what did Lavoisier have in his test tubes? |
| work_tb7x4akbmfhkddoblkomy2qnfe | Might there not be other ways, deploying non- relativist ways of explaining belief? |
| work_tb7x4akbmfhkddoblkomy2qnfe | Or are we condemned to conflict, or even mutual incomprehension, like scientists from rival Kuhnian paradigms? |
| work_tb7x4akbmfhkddoblkomy2qnfe | What are these lists supposed to achieve? |
| work_tb7x4akbmfhkddoblkomy2qnfe | Why do I call it immanent metaphysics of chemistry? |
| work_tb7x4akbmfhkddoblkomy2qnfe | Why does it break down? |
| work_tb7x4akbmfhkddoblkomy2qnfe | Why is sneaky transcendence a possible source of conflict between history, philosophy and sociology of science? |
| work_tb7x4akbmfhkddoblkomy2qnfe | Why is there so much polemic? |
| work_tb7x4akbmfhkddoblkomy2qnfe | Why not start there? |
| work_tb7x4akbmfhkddoblkomy2qnfe | Why should these methodological concerns be potential sources of conflict? |
| work_un7lvrgrg5fafftifavkmr6w7i | Could the account be saved by simply adding such an as- sumption? |
| work_un7lvrgrg5fafftifavkmr6w7i | Does STAT MECH Imply TREE? |
| work_un7lvrgrg5fafftifavkmr6w7i | Does TREE Imply ASYMM? |
| work_un7lvrgrg5fafftifavkmr6w7i | Does TREE Imply RECORD? |
| work_un7lvrgrg5fafftifavkmr6w7i | How can this account explain a time- asymmetry of counterfactuals? |
| work_un7lvrgrg5fafftifavkmr6w7i | How then are such local records possible? |
| work_un7lvrgrg5fafftifavkmr6w7i | What if anything is the relation between these asymmetries? |
| work_vjuvrxky5vgodnxio45hxa76pe | Shall we then take the “ safer course ” and have no values intervene there either? |
| work_vjuvrxky5vgodnxio45hxa76pe | — — —( 1998), “ What Went Wrong? |
| work_vjuvrxky5vgodnxio45hxa76pe | ”)? |
| work_vbhyhnpturauzcr4uwqapjfv6y | But why should we think of that mechanism as a causal relation to objects? |
| work_vbhyhnpturauzcr4uwqapjfv6y | How are these attributive representations connected with objects? |
| work_vbhyhnpturauzcr4uwqapjfv6y | What does it mean to hold that visual reference is representational? |
| work_vbhyhnpturauzcr4uwqapjfv6y | What is the nature of these nondescriptive modes of reference? |
| work_vbhyhnpturauzcr4uwqapjfv6y | Why do subjects fail to notice some changes of properties? |
| work_vbhyhnpturauzcr4uwqapjfv6y | “ Image Content. ” In Does Perception Have Content? |
| work_s6u435nvdza2nowmfh32fyxnde | But how? |
| work_s6u435nvdza2nowmfh32fyxnde | But what is the pre- scientific life- world? |
| work_s6u435nvdza2nowmfh32fyxnde | Can the sedimented technologies of science be recognized or determined without recourse to theory? |
| work_s6u435nvdza2nowmfh32fyxnde | Finally, 3: How do new scientific phenomena come to be established in the life- world by a theoretically oriented science? |
| work_s6u435nvdza2nowmfh32fyxnde | Geometrical- ideal shapes are, of course, not themselves perceptible; how then are they related to what is perceivable? |
| work_s6u435nvdza2nowmfh32fyxnde | Is every scientific praxis of measurement a way of infinitely per fecting a pre- theoretical inductive praxis of measurement? |
| work_s6u435nvdza2nowmfh32fyxnde | Is there then a way of categorizing such artifacts of science that is not theory- laden? |
| work_s6u435nvdza2nowmfh32fyxnde | Page 18 such as, for example, any of the phenomena mentioned above — get a footing in the life- world''? |
| work_s6u435nvdza2nowmfh32fyxnde | Page 8 perceiving subject? |
| work_s6u435nvdza2nowmfh32fyxnde | What then is the bodily character of a perceptual object? |
| work_s6u435nvdza2nowmfh32fyxnde | Why the name? |
| work_rylztk7amjb6rjyo2rmlqbur2q | ( As means or medians? |
| work_rylztk7amjb6rjyo2rmlqbur2q | ( Should 90% or 95% confidence intervals be used?) |
| work_rylztk7amjb6rjyo2rmlqbur2q | ( Which drug side effects should be discussed at length, and which included as part of a long list?) |
| work_rylztk7amjb6rjyo2rmlqbur2q | A question that naturally arises is: when such value choices need to be made, which or whose values should be used? |
| work_rylztk7amjb6rjyo2rmlqbur2q | How should statistics be summarized? |
| work_rylztk7amjb6rjyo2rmlqbur2q | How should uncertainty be characterized? |
| work_rylztk7amjb6rjyo2rmlqbur2q | Is a Little Pollution Good for You? |
| work_rylztk7amjb6rjyo2rmlqbur2q | Should results be broken down by gender, or presented only in aggregate?) |
| work_rylztk7amjb6rjyo2rmlqbur2q | Which study results should be highlighted? |
| work_rylztk7amjb6rjyo2rmlqbur2q | Why? |
| work_rylztk7amjb6rjyo2rmlqbur2q | “ Inserting the Public Into Science. ” In Democratization of Expertise? |
| work_rylztk7amjb6rjyo2rmlqbur2q | “ Should conservation biologists push policies? ” Nature 442: 13. |
| work_rylztk7amjb6rjyo2rmlqbur2q | “ The Hormesis Concept and Risk Assessment: Are There Unique Ethical and Policy Considerations? ” BELLE Newsletter 14: 11- 17. |
| work_ufqgro6z6rgrpllbasl7u72b5m | 2.1 Why construe causal explanation narrowly? |
| work_ufqgro6z6rgrpllbasl7u72b5m | Delineating the Boundaries of Causal Explanation 2.1 Why construe causal explanation narrowly? |
| work_ufqgro6z6rgrpllbasl7u72b5m | Does the L-‐V model provide mathematical or causal explanations? |
| work_ufqgro6z6rgrpllbasl7u72b5m | What about nontrivial conditions? |
| work_ufqgro6z6rgrpllbasl7u72b5m | What does it mean to hold of the world in different ways? |
| work_ufqgro6z6rgrpllbasl7u72b5m | [ 2005]: ‘ Are there genuine mathematical explanations of physical phenomena? ’ Mind, 114(454), pp. |
| work_ufqgro6z6rgrpllbasl7u72b5m | [ 2013]: ‘ Why Is There Universal Macro-‐Behavior? |
| work_ufqgro6z6rgrpllbasl7u72b5m | [ 2014]: ‘ Are There Non-‐Causal Explanations ( of Particular Events)? ’. |
| work_rtsqvklk3bczbpnpk67b4whhly | Are there any shrinkage estimators that are admissible and that dominate MLE? |
| work_rtsqvklk3bczbpnpk67b4whhly | But what if you are trying to decide what prior to adopt in the first place? |
| work_rtsqvklk3bczbpnpk67b4whhly | Can the question of when to lump and when to split be settled in an objective way? |
| work_rtsqvklk3bczbpnpk67b4whhly | Choosing an Estimator If your goal is to minimize expected squared error, which estimator should you use? |
| work_rtsqvklk3bczbpnpk67b4whhly | Should shrinkage estimators be placed under the same instrumentalist umbrella? |
| work_rtsqvklk3bczbpnpk67b4whhly | Should you trade an increase in risk at the individual level for a reduction in risk at the global level? |
| work_rtsqvklk3bczbpnpk67b4whhly | So what should you do? |
| work_rtsqvklk3bczbpnpk67b4whhly | That is, should you be a lumper or a splitter in your conception of the estimation problems you face? |
| work_rtsqvklk3bczbpnpk67b4whhly | This asymptotic property is nice for an estimator to have, but is it necessary? |
| work_rtsqvklk3bczbpnpk67b4whhly | What is the best linear estimator given these three data points? |
| work_rtsqvklk3bczbpnpk67b4whhly | When to lump and when to split? |
| work_rtsqvklk3bczbpnpk67b4whhly | Which quantity do you want to estimate? |
| work_rtsqvklk3bczbpnpk67b4whhly | Why Care About Admissibility? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | ( 1998), “ What Is Structural Realism? ”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 29: 409–424. |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | But, one ought to ask, why does structure have to be mathematical in nature? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | Does it mean that some prior theory introduced a term and that theory was successful? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | First, one may ask how is it that one decides what is and what is not ‘ theoretical ’? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | For example, what distinguishes the legiti- macy of oxygen theory and not that of caloric? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | How can Cruse and Papineau maintain even simple concepts like ‘ mass ’ across Ramsey sentences? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | However, one might ask, is this example idiosyncratic? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | If so, what are their criteria for success? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | In what ways and to what degree can these equations be said to be similar? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | Psillos, S.( 1995), “ Is Structural Realism the Best of Both Worlds? ”, Dialectica 49: 15–46. |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | Second, when it comes down to it, what does ‘ antecedently understood ’ really mean for Cruse and Papineau? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | There are obvious similarities in the symbolic representation, but are these enough to secure the kind of continuity a structural realist needs? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | This is a notoriously ambiguous notion; does the success have to be one of explanatory depth, novel prediction, empirical adequacy, or what? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | Where are we to ground our terms if they always rely upon some that are previously understood? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | Where is such a primitive language supposed to arise, and on what grounds does it avoid begging the question against the antirealist? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | Why not accept the existence of the entities at hand without committing to whether the theory correctly refers to them? |
| work_qic5por2x5gb7pxyz22ou6up4q | Will structural realism be able to account for other revolutionary changes in science? |
| work_xcsylbiduzdbjhrddh44tnf2oa | Login oublié? |
| work_u2zvyifzs5dz3cwfdevyxeblqq | ( ii) How and why does the expansion proceed the way it does? |
| work_u2zvyifzs5dz3cwfdevyxeblqq | ( iii) The quantum physicist is worried by the concept of negative energy: Would it not lead to a cascading of states down the en- ergy ladder? |
| work_u2zvyifzs5dz3cwfdevyxeblqq | 361 JAYANT V. NARLIKAR The most fundamental question in cosmology is:"Where did the mat- ter we see around us originate in the first place?" |
| work_u2zvyifzs5dz3cwfdevyxeblqq | 492- 497] Are Methodological Rules Hypothetical Imperatives? |
| work_u2zvyifzs5dz3cwfdevyxeblqq | Copyright? |
| work_u2zvyifzs5dz3cwfdevyxeblqq | How then is matter creation achieved apparently ex nihilo? |
| work_u2zvyifzs5dz3cwfdevyxeblqq | However, even in case( ii) the question is: Why is t= 0 the limit point of the sequence( 3)? |
| work_u2zvyifzs5dz3cwfdevyxeblqq | In that case, if with some future new physics the singularity is avoided, do we cross the t= 0 barrier? |
| work_u2zvyifzs5dz3cwfdevyxeblqq | Is it just because of singularity? |
| work_u2zvyifzs5dz3cwfdevyxeblqq | Thus the Lan- grangian is a scalar quantity, whose value does not depend on any one set of coordinates x''( i= 0, 1, 2, 3; x? |
| work_u2zvyifzs5dz3cwfdevyxeblqq | Why not? |
| work_u2zvyifzs5dz3cwfdevyxeblqq | time- like, say) or the corresponding metric tensor g.. What is the corresponding conservation law? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | ''Are the preferred candidates( perhaps simplicity, heterogeneity, or explanatory power) symptomatic that a theory is true?'' |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | ( 2009) “ Is Understanding Factive? ” In Pritchard, Duncan; Miller, Allan; and Hadock, Adrian, eds. |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | Are quarks really confined the way described in the model? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | But if we are not aiming for true theories, then why care especially for semantic virtues? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | But if ‘ believing to be true ’ is what we are talking about, why do n''t we just say so? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | But then we pose this as a challenge for further discussion: if not this, then what? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | But what is acceptability? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | But why settle for partial understanding? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | Can any old model that constructs a make- believe world give us counterfactual understanding of some aspects of the real world? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | Can we find warrant for these practices? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | Do we slip into relativism here? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | How did they answer our question: what ’s so special about empirical adequacy? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | How do idealized models give understanding? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | How does empirical adequacy fare for this kind of understanding? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | How is this possible? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | I. Realist Understanding Realist, yes, but realist about what? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | In Howlett, Peter and Morgan, Mary S., eds., How Well Do Facts Travel? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | So what ’s so special about empirical adequacy? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | This simply invites a reformulation of our question: what ’s so special about this aim from among all others? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | To the question, ‘ How could quarks be spatially confined? ’, this model answers, ‘ Possibly, as if they were in a bag ’. |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | What are they? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | Which virtues are used in practice to select for which purposes? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | Why buy a multitasking Swiss Army knife that is not only more expensive than a bread knife but also cuts bread considerably less well? |
| work_kdrtctlfrffata2xcpxdurkdy4 | Why? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | Ask: Is the patch I am investigating more significant than my previous patch? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | But what, exactly, do we mean by the “ division of cognitive labor ”? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | Does the same hold true for the division of cognitive labor? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | EPISTEMIC LANDSCAPES, OPTIMAL SEARCH 445 epistemic landscapes, what, if anything, can we infer about the benefits of cognitive diversity? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | First, which search strategies generate discoveries effectively? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | Given these two aims, how should scientists search the space? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | Here is the definition, as in the original article: Follow[er] Rule: Ask: Have any of the approaches in my Moore neighborhood been investigated? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | How does this interpretation compare with the results Weisberg and Muldoon report? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | How so? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | If no: Ask: Is it equally significant as the previous patch? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | If yes: Ask: Is the significance of any of the investigated approaches greater than the significance of my current approach? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | In some cases we might well suspect that social learning will be advantageous ðe.g., Does the problem decompose into subproblems? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | Otherwise, why should we ideally not have only maverick scientists to begin with? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | Second, is it advantageous to diver- sify search strategies? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | That sounds like a fine example of epistemic benefits of cognitive diversity.13 Is it true? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | The entire land- scape itself represents a single topic of inquiry.3 How do they proceed to model this? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | Why did the control scientists perform so badly? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | Why does this matter? |
| work_qso7n4sk45g2zpasxiibyit6gi | Would there be more discoveries or would discoveries come faster if scientists divided their labor? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | And what is the relationship between these notions and the views of colour constancy discussed earlier? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | How does this follow? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | How exactly does RCC explain DCC? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | In what sense does a red object ‘ look the same colour ’ across changes in illumination? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | The question is, do these illumination- dependent variations in appearance consist in changes in colour appearance? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | What about the former case? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | What are we to conclude from these data? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | What does explain our constancy intuitions on this view? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | What exactly is the basis for Non- Phenomenal Colour Constancy? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | What exactly is the connection between DCC and RCC? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | What explains our capacity to make these discriminations? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | What is the Scope of the Psychophysical Matching Argument? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | What perceptual phenomena are involved? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | What processes and mechanisms are involved in extracting an invariant signal from such variable input? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | Why default to matching lighting hue and saturation, rather than material hue and saturation? |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | “ Colour constancy: phenomenal or projective? ” Perception and Psychophysics 70:219- 28. |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | “ Does Colour Constancy Exist? ” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7:439–43. |
| work_qbxyvipqlvg5blbizmc4zmovyi | • User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘ fair dealing ’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988(?) |
| work_we5um7e6wvexvpkr7wlouhgtem | So what is going on? |
| work_we5um7e6wvexvpkr7wlouhgtem | To what end are these changes made? |
| work_we5um7e6wvexvpkr7wlouhgtem | Worrall, John( 1989), “ Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds? ” Dialectica 43: 99–124. |
| work_we5um7e6wvexvpkr7wlouhgtem | -S2 How is Dewey ’s philosophy usually interpreted? |
| work_wzmqutwoovd5lo4yeg4eqsz6fi | Is coherence truth- conducive? |
| work_wzmqutwoovd5lo4yeg4eqsz6fi | So where do we go from here? |
| work_wzmqutwoovd5lo4yeg4eqsz6fi | What is the problem of coherence and truth? |
| work_v2w3m3bxt5ecfpbbpp2huspvnu | Cell 61:759–767 Gatenby RA, Gillies RJ( 2004) Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis? |
| work_v2w3m3bxt5ecfpbbpp2huspvnu | However, how can hypotheses be related with their corresponding models? |
| work_v2w3m3bxt5ecfpbbpp2huspvnu | However, in the real world, will a cell always die if the state LowATP holds? |
| work_v2w3m3bxt5ecfpbbpp2huspvnu | Nature 449:978–981 Woodward J( 2002) What is a mechanism? |
| work_v2w3m3bxt5ecfpbbpp2huspvnu | On a model- based view, there is no simple answer to the question “ what is the structure of scientific theories? ”( Giere 1999, p.98). |
| work_v2w3m3bxt5ecfpbbpp2huspvnu | Or is it just possible? |
| work_v2w3m3bxt5ecfpbbpp2huspvnu | Or is it rather likely? |
| work_v2w3m3bxt5ecfpbbpp2huspvnu | Wiley, Chichester, UK Lee J, Lai KY( 1991) What''s in design rationale? |
| work_vgzdaamcqzeqtddougnuhv6ohe | ( 1999), What If? |
| work_vgzdaamcqzeqtddougnuhv6ohe | Casper, Barry M.( 1977), “ Galileo and the Fall of Aristotle: A Case of Historical Injustice? ”, American Journal of Physics 45: 325–330. |
| work_vgzdaamcqzeqtddougnuhv6ohe | Gooding, David C.( 1993), “ What Is Experimental about Thought Experiments? ”, in David Hull, Micky Forbes, and Kathleen Okruhlik( eds. |
| work_vgzdaamcqzeqtddougnuhv6ohe | How would the Aristotelian theory analyze this occurrence? |
| work_vgzdaamcqzeqtddougnuhv6ohe | Norton, John D.( 1996), “ Are Thought Experiments Just What You Thought? ”, Canadian Journal of Philosophy 26: 333–366. |
| work_vgzdaamcqzeqtddougnuhv6ohe | REFERENCES Adler, Carl G., and Byron L. Coulter( 1975), “ Aristotle: Villain or Victim? ”, Physics Teacher 13: 35–37. |
| work_vgzdaamcqzeqtddougnuhv6ohe | What rules are these? |
| work_vgzdaamcqzeqtddougnuhv6ohe | Why did Galileo resort to thought experiment in the study of free fall? |
| work_vgzdaamcqzeqtddougnuhv6ohe | — — —( 2004), “ On Thought Experiments: Is There More to the Argument? ”, Philosophy of Science 71( Proceedings): 1139–1151. |
| work_wx6kk7nggjedxmvbnjl23jeen4 | What is going on? |
| work_wx6kk7nggjedxmvbnjl23jeen4 | Why? |
| work_wx6kk7nggjedxmvbnjl23jeen4 | You might have started with a riskier question, say\is the number greater than 256?" |
| work_wx6kk7nggjedxmvbnjl23jeen4 | how can one give a student a score of minus in � nity?" |
| work_xikbmrhzg5eedbo65njok5nldy | Are Newtonian gravitation and geometrized Newto- nian gravitation theoretically equivalent? |
| work_xikbmrhzg5eedbo65njok5nldy | What Do Symmetries Tell Us About Structure? |
| work_vwifqlfyavhkhfrgru6uweda7a | Animal mindreading: what ’s the problem?. |
| work_vwifqlfyavhkhfrgru6uweda7a | Are Emily and Greg more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? |
| work_vwifqlfyavhkhfrgru6uweda7a | Does unconscious racial bias affect trial judges?. |
| work_vwifqlfyavhkhfrgru6uweda7a | So what can we do? |
| work_vwifqlfyavhkhfrgru6uweda7a | They mark off a class of ‘ characteristically human ’ traits, but why think we have special claim to them? |
| work_vwifqlfyavhkhfrgru6uweda7a | What are animals? |
| work_vwifqlfyavhkhfrgru6uweda7a | Why anthropomorphize? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | 11.5 How Exotic is this Infinite Lottery Machine? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | Conclusion How best can we design an infinite lottery machine? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | How do we realize them so that each ball has an equal chance of selection? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | How do we realize these speeds throughout the urn? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | How exotic can a proposal be before it can no longer be judged admissible? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | If either tumbled or agitated, how do we know that the result is not merely some local rearrangement of the balls? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | If we have infinitely many, equal sized balls, how do we mark them so we can read the number of the ball selected? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | In which direction is the bird facing at this moment? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | Might readers like to take up the enjoyable challenge of finding a better design? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | Might we not find a simple way to implement an infinite lottery? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | Rather it is to address a physical problem: is an infinite lottery machine physically possible? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | Weintraub, Ruth( 2008) “ How Probable Is an Infinite Sequence of Heads? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | Which Components May an Infinite Lottery Machine Employ? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | Why expect that an infinite lottery machine can be constructed from finite randomizers? |
| work_tdjfwixy6nf3fg3fggup2pvium | Why not simply posit at the outset an infinite lottery machine as an idealized possibility to which our theories of chance must be responsible? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | And how did they connect their ontology of substances with their causal explanation of chemical transformations? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | Did Lavoisier( and his collaborators) introduce “ deep ” changes of chemistry that can be reasonably called a revolution? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | Did he alter chemists ’ causal explanation of chemical reaction or propose a novel type of chemical reaction? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | Did he change chemists ’ ontology of substances? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | Did he change their type of causal explanation of chemical transformations? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | Inversely, what were his criteria for focussing on substances such as gases, metals, acids, and salts? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | Is water H2O? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | Review of H. Chang, is water H2O? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | Was this definition the result of a new attitude or a new ontology? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | What causes did they invoke to explain the existence of the enormously broad variety of substances? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | What did this mean? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | What kinds of substances were excluded from it? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | What were eighteenth- century chemists ’ beliefs about the kinds of substances that existed in the world? |
| work_tlj67jaxlbh4ddfqrtt6ff6kva | Why did Lav- oisier exclude ores, stones and other raw minerals as well as plant and animal substances from his system? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | ( Giere 2004, 747) So, X is a placeholder for models — what about W? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | ? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | ? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | Competing definitions of schizophrenia: What can be learned from polydiagnostic studies? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | Furthermore, the diathesis- stress model is idealized( in the Aristotelian sense) since several( relevant?) |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | How is that done? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | Is philosophy a homogeneous discipline? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | Is statistics a discipline distinct from the rest of mathematics? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | The question I pose is: what happens when one tries to integrate incompatible per- spectives? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | What do I mean by that? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | What is interdisciplinary communication? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | Who is a Modeler? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | Would Galileo and Aristotle have had a common object( Kuhn 1962, 123)? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit- making activity or commercial gain? |
| work_sfy4ejxpqffv5mevd35fm43jca | ‘ ‘ What are the products of science? ’ ’, one might reasonably ask. |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | ( that is, in the context in which the ordinary human hand is used)? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | Aren � t we simply displaying ways in which the weak interaction manifests itself in molecular physics? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | But do I know, by these methods, which of my hands, � ngers stretched, is congruent to which dynamically described monochiral molecule? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | But given this observation and the information thus obtained: can I convey it to my distant friends? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | But how are the two descriptions to be compared � how are the equations for the whole system to be set up, that make use of no external standard? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | But then, if mirroring isn � t a symmetry, why isn � t the en- tire relationist program simply an irrelevancy? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | But why should observation come into it, supposing they know everything there is to know about chiral chemistry( as determined by the equations)? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | Do they have an independent algebraic signi � cance? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | Earman, J., and J. Norton( 1987), � What Price Substantivalism? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | How might they be used in an epistemic con- text? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | How, ex- actly? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | In this way we de � ne global mirroring for every tensor � eld on M. What about spinor � elds? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | Is our proposal not just the same? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | Isn � t it possible to short- circuit this procedure, and just talk of the electroweak currents themselves, as the enantiomers mentioned in( MS2b)? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | What are those structures? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | What guarantees that the two processes are handed in the same way? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | What is the Cinderella apparatus, to put the matter in operational terms? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | What systems, exactly? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | What would the universe have been like in that case? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | Whence the stubborn intuition that there are exactly two possibilities? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | Which of( 6a),( 6b) is the right one? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | Why think that? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | Why, to express mirror- symmetry breaking in GTR, do we have to speak of two � elds here, and not one? |
| work_nfgigtxro5aixdnbttqtadg3wq | Will they not also make use of a cross- product, as with( 6a),( 6b), or the equivalent choice of representation of the � matrices? |
| work_xkdydj4jxbh5fli24jt6rnverm | But what is supposed to be the epistemological difference between “ sodium in metallic form ” and “ elemental sodium ”? |
| work_wv6nyffcxveq7eeddtkbryi6jm | Beebee, Helen( 2006): “ Does anything hold the world together? ”. |
| work_wv6nyffcxveq7eeddtkbryi6jm | But to what extent shall we take this picture literally? |
| work_wv6nyffcxveq7eeddtkbryi6jm | But why insist on the ontological interpretation in the first place? |
| work_wv6nyffcxveq7eeddtkbryi6jm | How are we to think about those additional degrees of freedom when we consider a Bohmian subsystem? |
| work_wv6nyffcxveq7eeddtkbryi6jm | What is the ontological status of the wave- function? |
| work_vsi5y56mpba7zehmgfffjszwge | ( After all, what does it mean to be in possession of a “ transparent under- standing ” of anything?) |
| work_vsi5y56mpba7zehmgfffjszwge | 1 Which quantity varies under this particular symmetry? |
| work_vsi5y56mpba7zehmgfffjszwge | Conversely, which quantities are invariant under this particular symmetry? |
| work_vsi5y56mpba7zehmgfffjszwge | Given all of these caveats, however, one might well ask: What good is the Invariance Principle, exactly? |
| work_vsi5y56mpba7zehmgfffjszwge | What purpose, in particular, does it serve? |
| work_uwmo7ee6nnb5jpcabxeltsy6di | Does Sklar ’s proposal do any better than classical relationalism? |
| work_uwmo7ee6nnb5jpcabxeltsy6di | Field, H.[ 1989]: ‘ Can We Dispense With Space- time? ’, In Realism, Mathematics and Modality, Chapter. |
| work_uwmo7ee6nnb5jpcabxeltsy6di | Is not ‘ absolute motion is a kind of motion ’ analytic? |
| work_uwmo7ee6nnb5jpcabxeltsy6di | Pooley, O. and Brown, H. R.[ 2002]: ‘ Relationalism Rehabilitated? |
| work_uwmo7ee6nnb5jpcabxeltsy6di | What does ‘ corresponds ’ mean? |
| work_uwmo7ee6nnb5jpcabxeltsy6di | What good is it to establish that some distinct theory( namely, Barbour ’s) is compatible with relationalism about ontology? |
| work_uwmo7ee6nnb5jpcabxeltsy6di | What has gone wrong? |
| work_uwmo7ee6nnb5jpcabxeltsy6di | What to do? |
| work_uwmo7ee6nnb5jpcabxeltsy6di | Why accept this second constraint? |
| work_uwmo7ee6nnb5jpcabxeltsy6di | Why do some relationalists continue to take it seriously? |
| work_x72nvl4qhbddde3x7suqrzs2xa | ( Did some theories not enjoy very high degrees of success already early on in the history of science? |
| work_x72nvl4qhbddde3x7suqrzs2xa | What about refuted theories from the recent past? |
| work_x72nvl4qhbddde3x7suqrzs2xa | What better case against an inference than counterexamples can you provide? |
| work_xwln2w4vandwpkw7mmve5347ty | How did this happen? |
| work_xiaisvrp6ffgtmhh5qatwk3wcq | Why Study Philosophy Here? |
| work_v7vszsjn5rcibbxmvevbqkn66e | Is a case of sample bias an instance of drift? |
| work_v7vszsjn5rcibbxmvevbqkn66e | Is a case of sampling error an instance of drift? |
| work_v7vszsjn5rcibbxmvevbqkn66e | Is this case also an instance of drift? |
| work_v7vszsjn5rcibbxmvevbqkn66e | Or again, are rates of reproductive success which result from some es- pecially unlikely set of initial conditions a case of drift? |
| work_v7vszsjn5rcibbxmvevbqkn66e | What exactly is this ‘ envi- ronment ’? |
| work_v7vszsjn5rcibbxmvevbqkn66e | Why should he care, unless he cares what the facts about causation are? |
| work_yew4ysxf2zerrjrkyy2qur4voi | How''s it done? |
| work_wo6efkmu7vbs7jto3rtycs35mm | But, if my “ reversal argument ” is going to be blocked, then I presume that Joyce would want to reject( y) for our inter- translation function f? |
| work_wo6efkmu7vbs7jto3rtycs35mm | Having said that, it is also true that there do exist other coherent credence functions b? |
| work_wo6efkmu7vbs7jto3rtycs35mm | It is natural to ask precisely what grounds Joyce might have for such a rejection of our f?. |
| work_wo6efkmu7vbs7jto3rtycs35mm | Similarly, if E involves expectation, then( y) will demonstrably fail( in general) for non- linear functions like our f?. |
| work_wo6efkmu7vbs7jto3rtycs35mm | The question is: which translation functions f are acceptable — in my example above? |
| work_vggjnyhgvbcf5jxyvgch3xz4bm | A closely related question is this: Why not simply switch these labels in ESELS ’ model? |
| work_vggjnyhgvbcf5jxyvgch3xz4bm | Does biology constrain culture? |
| work_vggjnyhgvbcf5jxyvgch3xz4bm | How many people taught your teacher? |
| work_vggjnyhgvbcf5jxyvgch3xz4bm | If 𝐶 and 𝐶 are congruent, so that each raises the probability of believing the other, could this prevent the loss of culture? |
| work_vggjnyhgvbcf5jxyvgch3xz4bm | Is coherence truth conducive? |
| work_vggjnyhgvbcf5jxyvgch3xz4bm | Is it really true, empirically, that culture is rarely maintained through single- parent transmission? |
| work_vggjnyhgvbcf5jxyvgch3xz4bm | The weirdest peo- ple in the world? |
| work_vggjnyhgvbcf5jxyvgch3xz4bm | To take an example from the cultures of modern industrialized societies, from how many people did you learn long division? |
| work_vggjnyhgvbcf5jxyvgch3xz4bm | What is the crucial difference in ESELS ’ model that pre- vents this? |
| work_vggjnyhgvbcf5jxyvgch3xz4bm | assumptions in ESELS ’ model that allow culture to disappear? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | 2]: • Is this theory consistent? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | 4? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | ? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | ? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | ? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | ? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | ? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | Can we justify our belief in the ex- istence of other minds and how? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | How can we decide which out of a group of competing theories is the best? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | How can we get rid of false theories? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | How can we justify our theories or beliefs? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | How does our knowledge grow? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | Is it possible to justify our theories rationally? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | Is the theory that other minds exist better or worse than the theory that they do not? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | PPPPPPPq? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | Should the history of science be rated X? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | This led through various trials and errors to a new problem: how can we provide the roads and parking places needed for your cars? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | We have a tendency 9? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | What are good ways of criticising theories What does a justification consist of? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | What can we know? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | justificationist anti- justificationist What do we know? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | • Does it, maybe, solve some other problem? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | • Does this theory successfully solve the problem it was put forward to solve? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | • Is this theory better than its rivals? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | • Is this theory consistent with observed facts? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | • Is this theory empirical? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | • Is this theory in conflict with some element of the dominant cultural worldview? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | • Is this theory in conflict with some other scientific theory that is well established? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | • Is this theory in conflict with the methodology of its parent discipline? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | • What makes one theory better than another? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | • What problem is this theory intended to solve? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | • Why do scientists reject some theories? |
| work_mqewshj22fc7zdwevofh5j5fui | � � � � � � �)? |
| work_v42zogqmhrdlnmk3ml2fjj2sj4 | Au: Changed “ they show that part of doing linguistics ” to “ they show that part of analyzing linguistics... ”; intended meaning kept? |
| work_v42zogqmhrdlnmk3ml2fjj2sj4 | Au: In expressions 7b, 7c, and 7e, what does “ t ” indicate? |
| work_v42zogqmhrdlnmk3ml2fjj2sj4 | Au: In sentence “ Famously, however, in situations... ” changed “ typ- ically thought to be ” to “ typically assumed to be ”; change okay? |
| work_v42zogqmhrdlnmk3ml2fjj2sj4 | Au: In sentence “ In linguistic theorizing..., ” changed “ partly or to- tally ” to “ partially or completely ”; change okay? |
| work_v42zogqmhrdlnmk3ml2fjj2sj4 | I have italized “ t ”; is it a variable? |
| work_v42zogqmhrdlnmk3ml2fjj2sj4 | If “ a lot ” of data were used, how much was that? |
| work_v42zogqmhrdlnmk3ml2fjj2sj4 | More than 15 data points? |
| work_v42zogqmhrdlnmk3ml2fjj2sj4 | What were those data points, anyway, and what makes any two of them( if there is more than one) distinct from one another? |
| work_v42zogqmhrdlnmk3ml2fjj2sj4 | Where does this leave us? |
| work_vgry7molpzbhbevvzvs4nmopbu | 17 expectation value of Y under the posterior distribution P(·|E)—is finite? |
| work_vgry7molpzbhbevvzvs4nmopbu | But how is it possible that F raises the subjective degree of belief in T? |
| work_vgry7molpzbhbevvzvs4nmopbu | Can reasoning of this kind be supported by NAA? |
| work_vgry7molpzbhbevvzvs4nmopbu | In other words, is it possible that the( strong) underdetermination problem vanishes? |
| work_vgry7molpzbhbevvzvs4nmopbu | What should our priors for the Yk look like? |
| work_vgry7molpzbhbevvzvs4nmopbu | What should scientists believe about the number of alternatives to H, and how should they change these beliefs in the light of new evidence? |
| work_vycsnfrhizdvjac2te2fifjqcy | 3 can be made about the status of phones and about PP ’s ability to generate adequate theories of the organization of speech? |
| work_vycsnfrhizdvjac2te2fifjqcy | 8 Can PP respond to these challenges? |
| work_vycsnfrhizdvjac2te2fifjqcy | And if so, how so? |
| work_vycsnfrhizdvjac2te2fifjqcy | “ How are Words Stored in Memory? |
| work_vycsnfrhizdvjac2te2fifjqcy | “ What Might Cognition Be, if not Computation? ” Journal of Philosophy 92: 345- 381. |
| work_vycsnfrhizdvjac2te2fifjqcy | “ Where Do Illusory Vowels Come From? ” Journal of Memory and Language 64: 199- 210. |
| work_wsd7obse4vfnfmp5blvwxlmr3m | Does every theory have empirically equivalent rivals? |
| work_wsd7obse4vfnfmp5blvwxlmr3m | Since there is a body of scientific knowledge, then its makes sense to think of it collected at a time — right? |
| work_wsd7obse4vfnfmp5blvwxlmr3m | What would the scope of this underdetermination be? |
| work_wsd7obse4vfnfmp5blvwxlmr3m | Who would we ask and where we would look if we wished to know the state of Total Science? |
| work_wsd7obse4vfnfmp5blvwxlmr3m | Will some future state of science be so different from its present state? |
| work_wsd7obse4vfnfmp5blvwxlmr3m | Yet why do we believe( L → O) and( L′ → ¬O)? |
| work_wvyt7dlzazb6vh3zoi7lrvmlay | Can classical structures explain quantum phenomena? |
| work_wvyt7dlzazb6vh3zoi7lrvmlay | Is there a quantum definition of a molecule? |
| work_wvyt7dlzazb6vh3zoi7lrvmlay | Is there downwards causation in chemistry? ’, in Philosophy of chemistry: Synthesis of a new discipline. |
| work_wvyt7dlzazb6vh3zoi7lrvmlay | Must strong emergence collapse? |
| work_wvyt7dlzazb6vh3zoi7lrvmlay | When did atoms begin to do any explanatory work in chemistry? |
| work_xx4ce5wo4be2ljwvdreiyhpwyu | 303- 308] Discussion Is Signal Synchrony Independent of Transport Synchrony? |
| work_xx4ce5wo4be2ljwvdreiyhpwyu | Copyright? |
| work_xx4ce5wo4be2ljwvdreiyhpwyu | We distinguish two possibilities:( I) d E O; then( a) impliesf(d)- f(d)< f(cm) andf(dP)+ f(d)< f(cP);( b) impliesf(dm)- f(d)? |
| work_xoculevqcncjjdvvjerdciffcq | European Journal for Philosophy of Science( 2020) 10: 3 Page 7 of 14 3 3 Any way out? |
| work_xoculevqcncjjdvvjerdciffcq | Intuitive dilation? |
| work_xoculevqcncjjdvvjerdciffcq | The key question for the Bayesian is: what constraints must the prior function P satisfy? |
| work_trhrfxqn7zeyplsvzzvk5gcqyu | ( 1996), Quantum Computing: Dream or Nightmare?, Physics Today 8, pp. |
| work_trhrfxqn7zeyplsvzzvk5gcqyu | ( 2002), How Powerful Is Adia- batic Quantum Computation?, Archive Preprint quant- ph/0206003. |
| work_trhrfxqn7zeyplsvzzvk5gcqyu | ( 2005), Can Quantum Computing Solve Classically Unsolvable Problems?, Archive Preprint quant- ph/0512248. |
| work_trhrfxqn7zeyplsvzzvk5gcqyu | 3 How Slow is Slowly Enough? |
| work_trhrfxqn7zeyplsvzzvk5gcqyu | 4 What Is Quantum In Quantum Computing? |
| work_trhrfxqn7zeyplsvzzvk5gcqyu | A major breakthrough in computer science? |
| work_trhrfxqn7zeyplsvzzvk5gcqyu | A vindication of the superiority of quantum computers over their classical counterparts? |
| work_trhrfxqn7zeyplsvzzvk5gcqyu | Quantum Hypercomputation — Hype or Computation? |
| work_trhrfxqn7zeyplsvzzvk5gcqyu | Question: How do we know that we are implementing the correct rate of change while H(t) is evolving? |
| work_trhrfxqn7zeyplsvzzvk5gcqyu | Shor ’s algorithm is a( unique?) |
| work_wifrg3qgpvemhnot4te6gqbd7e | How do we know what something ’s function is? |
| work_wifrg3qgpvemhnot4te6gqbd7e | Is that a respectable way to do philosophy? |
| work_wifrg3qgpvemhnot4te6gqbd7e | What additional criterion, then, must we add to exclude such systems? |
| work_wifrg3qgpvemhnot4te6gqbd7e | What are biological functions? |
| work_wifrg3qgpvemhnot4te6gqbd7e | What are dysfunctions? |
| work_wifrg3qgpvemhnot4te6gqbd7e | What is the organizational theory? |
| work_wifrg3qgpvemhnot4te6gqbd7e | “ Can biological teleology be naturalized? ” Journal of Philosophy 88: 647- 55. |
| work_uq3eskxzjfbspfmcv52wui64qi | An obvious ques- n is, how can Turing consistently hold both of these? |
| work_uq3eskxzjfbspfmcv52wui64qi | Can an automatic 846calculating machine be said to think? |
| work_uq3eskxzjfbspfmcv52wui64qi | Can digital computers think? |
| work_uq3eskxzjfbspfmcv52wui64qi | Can machines think? |
| work_uq3eskxzjfbspfmcv52wui64qi | Does n’t lling the Turing test a sufficient condition mean that no other cessary conditions must hold for something that passes it? |
| work_uq3eskxzjfbspfmcv52wui64qi | Now that I have own that Turing was n’t a behaviorist in any sense, one can ask: at influences was Turing acting under, if not his zeitgeist? |
| work_uq3eskxzjfbspfmcv52wui64qi | Or, at least, we can pose the slightly less difficult question: at view would be consistent with Descartes ’ remarks on the lan- age test? |
| work_uq3eskxzjfbspfmcv52wui64qi | Will the interrogator decide wrongly as often when th game is played like this as he does when the game is playe between a man and a woman? |
| work_wpxp5byu4vfv7bnizq2go6q3yy | How can we tell whether the actual world@ is like W2 and not like W1? |
| work_wpxp5byu4vfv7bnizq2go6q3yy | How, for instance, can this SCIENTIFIC REALISM 949 systematic and symptomatic falsity of theories explain their empirical successes? |
| work_wpxp5byu4vfv7bnizq2go6q3yy | Put together, instead, and.T Tna1 na2 Is there a guarantee that has all and only nominalistic con- T& Tna1 na2 sequences of? |
| work_wpxp5byu4vfv7bnizq2go6q3yy | That is, how can we tell whether T2 is n- adequate and false as opposed to n- adequate and true? |
| work_wpxp5byu4vfv7bnizq2go6q3yy | “ Platonism and Anti- Platonism: Why Worry? ” International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 19:65–84. |
| work_wpxp5byu4vfv7bnizq2go6q3yy | “ The Structure, the Whole Structure and Nothing but the Structure? ” Phi- losophy of Science 73:560–70. |
| work_wpxp5byu4vfv7bnizq2go6q3yy | ‡A longer version of this paper, titled “ What If There Are No Mathematical Entities? |
| work_wdxadinbrvaxbmy5svjeoxes4u | How sensitive is the primary evidence claim to the failure of the assumption? |
| work_wdxadinbrvaxbmy5svjeoxes4u | How strong is the evidence in support of the assumption employed? |
| work_wdxadinbrvaxbmy5svjeoxes4u | Is the former, ceteris paribus, stronger evidence for the hy- pothesis than the latter? |
| work_wdxadinbrvaxbmy5svjeoxes4u | Second- Order Evidence or Back- Up Evidence? |
| work_wdxadinbrvaxbmy5svjeoxes4u | Staley, Kent W.( 2002), “ What Experiment Did We Just Do? |
| work_xxrs2tfkcfeppemfaw6reuxpyi | For example, regarding the assignment of positive probability to a comeager failure set, Elga asks, “ Is such humility rationally permissible? |
| work_xxrs2tfkcfeppemfaw6reuxpyi | Introduction How much confidence does rationality demand in one ’s ability to get at the truth? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | ( History) Functional Ecology? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | ( How?) |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | ( How?) |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | ( Why?) |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | 887 What, if Anything, Is an Evolutionary Novelty? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | But how can this sort of accident be of evolutionary importance? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | Conclusion: Where To Next? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | Developmental Biology? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | Equally WHAT, IF ANYTHING, IS AN EVOLUTIONARY NOVELTY? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | For example, work by Salazar- Ciudad and Jernvall( 2005) on the genotype- phenotype mapping WHAT, IF ANYTHING, IS AN EVOLUTIONARY NOVELTY? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | It is because the modern synthesis is a WHAT, IF ANYTHING, IS AN EVOLUTIONARY NOVELTY? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | Molecular Biology? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | Stebbins, G. L., and F. J. Ayala( 1981), “ Is a New Evolutionary Synthesis Necessary? ”, Science 213: 967–971. |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | System Fossil/ Phylogenetic Record? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | WHAT, IF ANYTHING, IS AN EVOLUTIONARY NOVELTY? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | WHAT, IF ANYTHING, IS AN EVOLUTIONARY NOVELTY? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | What Other Explanatory Frameworks? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | What is an evolu- tionary novelty? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | Why Is the Modern Synthesis Insufficient? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | Why? |
| work_rfew4cfyljeujarbqi3gy3bkqy | — — —( 2003), “ Species as Family Resemblance Concepts: The( Dis-)Solution of the Species Problem? ” BioEssays 25: 596–602. |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | ( 2008, 238) How should we view the causal relations between fluid elements and Bénard cells? |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | At what ‘ level ’ should we explain cognitive systems? |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | BBE Cut 3: Does the Brain Represent the Environment in BBE Interactions? |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | Cut 1: Is Mechanistic Explanation Reductionist? |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | Cut 1: Is the Cognitive System All in the Head? |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | Externalism Cut 2: Is the Cognitive System in the Head at All? |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | Freeman, W., and C. Skarda( 1990), “ Representations: Who Needs Them? ”, in J. L. McGaugh et al. |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | Here we are primarily concerned with this question: Does mech- anistic explanation commit one to strong localization and decomposition? |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | How far can such science get? |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | Instead, the issue of concern is a scientific one: What is the object that the mature cognitive sciences ought to study? |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | Internalism Cut 2: At What ‘ Level ’ Should We Explain Cognitive Systems? |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | Is Explanation Mechanistic? |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | Ramsey, W.( 1997), “ Do Connectionist Representations Earn Their Explanatory Keep? ”, Mind and Language 12: 34–66. |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | So why pursue holistic science at all? |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | Wheeler, M.( 2005a), “ Friends Reunited? |
| work_tc25em62kzcmbg47uevaaslaum | — — —( 2005), “ Mental Mechanisms: What Are the Operations? ”, in B. Bara, L. Barsalou, and M. Bucciarelli( eds. |
| work_wm5bmm5h3zga5o2oexzddecnki | Are prospects any better for the dynamic problem? |
| work_wm5bmm5h3zga5o2oexzddecnki | Bayes or Bust? |
| work_wm5bmm5h3zga5o2oexzddecnki | How are we supposed to take it from there? |
| work_wm5bmm5h3zga5o2oexzddecnki | How probable would E be if T were false? |
| work_wm5bmm5h3zga5o2oexzddecnki | Remember that we already know that the ski trip is canceled when learning T ⊢ E. Does it lower it? |
| work_xkxcrejmijeino3gisaosgyktm | Are Dispositions Causally Relevant? |
| work_xkxcrejmijeino3gisaosgyktm | Can Evolutionary Biology Do Without Aristotelian Essentialism? |
| work_xkxcrejmijeino3gisaosgyktm | Evolutionary Developmental Biology Meets Levels of Selection: Modular Integration or Competition, or Both? |
| work_xkxcrejmijeino3gisaosgyktm | The Molecular and Mathematical Basis of Waddington''s Epigenetic Landscape: A Framework for Post- Darwinian Biology? |
| work_xkxcrejmijeino3gisaosgyktm | What is a Disposition? |
| work_u5pmzhjdpnhcrakq324k5xhjpq | A Formal Framework for Representing Mechanisms? |
| work_u5pmzhjdpnhcrakq324k5xhjpq | But just how intuitive is explanation∗? |
| work_u5pmzhjdpnhcrakq324k5xhjpq | First, is this interpretation of mechanistic hierarchy compatible with MLCMs? |
| work_u5pmzhjdpnhcrakq324k5xhjpq | Perhaps RBNs and MLCMs represent two different ways in which mechanistic decompositions cab obtain? |
| work_u5pmzhjdpnhcrakq324k5xhjpq | The flattening with respect to assignment c0 is c ↓ 0: � � � � c0-? |
| work_u5pmzhjdpnhcrakq324k5xhjpq | The question is: How intuitive is decomposition∗? |
| work_u5pmzhjdpnhcrakq324k5xhjpq | When does a network variable N exist? |
| work_u5pmzhjdpnhcrakq324k5xhjpq | When does it hold, then? |
| work_u5pmzhjdpnhcrakq324k5xhjpq | � � � � ci-? |
| work_ws7kb5kxonezxdyhxdrrbihjdm | Are instantaneous velocities real and really instantaneous? |
| work_ws7kb5kxonezxdyhxdrrbihjdm | Are there really instantaneous velocities? |
| work_ws7kb5kxonezxdyhxdrrbihjdm | Enantiomorphic Processes Having defined time asymmetry and reversals of processes, what can we say of the enantiomorphy of processes? |
| work_ws7kb5kxonezxdyhxdrrbihjdm | Enantiomorphy When is a spatial object enantiomorphic? |
| work_ws7kb5kxonezxdyhxdrrbihjdm | Now, what transformations are allowed in spacetime? |
| work_ws7kb5kxonezxdyhxdrrbihjdm | Should we consequently say that knees( a) and( c) are not enantiomorphs after all? |
| work_ws7kb5kxonezxdyhxdrrbihjdm | What can be the reason for the one, and not the other, to come out as the left hand? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | ( Can we meaningfully talk about whether a person with a broken leg is healthier than a person with pneumonia? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | ( What background conditions should be assumed? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | A NON- COMPARATIVE ALTERNATIVE? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | Does that make him tall? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | HealthierThan RETHINKING HEALTH: HEALTHY OR HEALTHIER THAN? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | How are we to figure the impact of a particular trait on an organism ’s survival and reproduction? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | In particular, does ‘ healthier ’ get a subscript? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | Is this argument a good one? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | Or is it more like straightness, with healthy more basic than healthier than? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | What can we say about the health of Allie and Alys? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | What if a pair of traits increase survival when together, but decrease it when alone? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | What if a trait increases survival in some common environments, but decreases them in others? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | What if a trait increases the likelihood of survival, at the cost of reproduction?) |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | What is the relationship between judgments of those two types? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | Which kind of judgment is conceptually more basic or underlies the other? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | “ A rebuttal on health, ” in What is disease? |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | “ What is it to healthy? ” Analysis 67(2): 128- 33. |
| work_tuafyuatsvettksfttgua7355u | “ What ’s Wrong with Health Inequalities? ” The Journal of Political Philosophy 15(1): 46- 66. |
| work_xwcyjdy6szfqxnv2rkbq4c4qvy | What are the factors of 544? |
| work_xwcyjdy6szfqxnv2rkbq4c4qvy | 7- 21] What Is This Crisis? |
| work_xwcyjdy6szfqxnv2rkbq4c4qvy | Such questions as"are there abstract entities?,"or"are there physical entities?" |
| work_xwcyjdy6szfqxnv2rkbq4c4qvy | Such questions as"are there abstract entities?,"or"are there physical entities?" |
| work_xnertpmnzne6fmbds7f4ipjv3a | : Annex: Basic mathematical tools of quantum mechanics F. Laloë Mathematics 2012 Save Alert Research Feed Do We Really Understand Quantum Mechanics? |
| work_xnertpmnzne6fmbds7f4ipjv3a | : Applications of quantum entanglement F. Laloë Mathematics 2012 1 Save Alert Research Feed Do We Really Understand Quantum Mechanics? |
| work_xnertpmnzne6fmbds7f4ipjv3a | : Consistent families of histories F. Laloë Physics 2012 Save Alert Research Feed Do We Really Understand Quantum Mechanics? |
| work_xnertpmnzne6fmbds7f4ipjv3a | : Experiments: quantum reduction seen in real time F. Laloë Physics 2012 Save Alert Research Feed Do We Really Understand Quantum Mechanics? |
| work_xnertpmnzne6fmbds7f4ipjv3a | : Impossibility of superluminal communication F. Laloë Physics 2012 Save Alert Research Feed Do We Really Understand Quantum Mechanics? |
| work_ypgs6bec6nejrmyuz4mbrrkhbm | First, since when do Bayesians think that the degree to which X is relevant to H can be measured using only the conditional prob- ability Pr(X|H& K)? |
| work_ypgs6bec6nejrmyuz4mbrrkhbm | How then are we to cash out “ confirms more ”? |
| work_xkcm5yiehbajpfyjpf65kylxdy | Adiabatic or conducting? |
| work_xkcm5yiehbajpfyjpf65kylxdy | But just what is a thermodynamic equilibrium state? |
| work_xkcm5yiehbajpfyjpf65kylxdy | Now how do these manipulated equilibrium states figure into theorizing about thermodynamic processes? |
| work_xkcm5yiehbajpfyjpf65kylxdy | Permeable, semi- permeable, impermeable? |
| work_xkcm5yiehbajpfyjpf65kylxdy | Rigid or flexible? |
| work_xkcm5yiehbajpfyjpf65kylxdy | What kind of walls enclose it? |
| work_visjxrhh6bf4jjlalvcchkeiui | Bell, J. S.[ 1987]: ‘ Are There Quantum Jumps? ’, in Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. |
| work_visjxrhh6bf4jjlalvcchkeiui | Halvorson, Hans, and Rob Clifton[ 2002]: ‘ No Place for Particles in Relativistic Quantum Theory? ’, Philosophy of Science 69. |
| work_visjxrhh6bf4jjlalvcchkeiui | Maxwell, Nicholas[ 1985]: ‘ Are Probabilism and Special Relativity Incompatible? ’, Philosophy of Science 52, pp. |
| work_visjxrhh6bf4jjlalvcchkeiui | References Aharonov, Yakir, and David Albert[ 1984]: ‘ Is the Usual Notion of Time Evolution Adequate for Quantum- Mechanical Systems? |
| work_visjxrhh6bf4jjlalvcchkeiui | The question then is: what fraction of the remaining subensemble will we expect to have+1 as the outcome of the first measurement? |
| work_visjxrhh6bf4jjlalvcchkeiui | When do these events occur? |
| work_visjxrhh6bf4jjlalvcchkeiui | Which is to say: on which events are the probabilities to be conditional? |
| work_visjxrhh6bf4jjlalvcchkeiui | — —[ 1996]: ‘ Just How Radical is Hyperplane Dependence? ’, in R. Clifton( ed), 1996, pp. |
| work_yka5texcs5gghdthaye24v536a | How can we learn from models that do not have an established representation relation to a real- world target? |
| work_yka5texcs5gghdthaye24v536a | “ If No Capacities Then No Credible Worlds: But Can Models Reveal Capacities? ” Erkenntnis 70! 1": 45–58. |
| work_tvxyuk66zfejbhok5ygxsonmee | Bayes or Bust? |
| work_tvxyuk66zfejbhok5ygxsonmee | But how is one to evaluate this claim? |
| work_tvxyuk66zfejbhok5ygxsonmee | But how plausible is it? |
| work_tvxyuk66zfejbhok5ygxsonmee | But how should e affect the probabilities of h and a individually? |
| work_tvxyuk66zfejbhok5ygxsonmee | Can one dissolve this particular problem by assuming that h and a are independent, and so that P( a|h)= P( a)? |
| work_tvxyuk66zfejbhok5ygxsonmee | Is this in general true? |
| work_tvxyuk66zfejbhok5ygxsonmee | Ought the scientist to try harder? |
| work_tvxyuk66zfejbhok5ygxsonmee | The partial posterior and the true posterior for h will differ just in case P( e|h¬a) 6= P( e|¬(ha)) Why is this true? |
| work_tvxyuk66zfejbhok5ygxsonmee | What if h is false? |
| work_tvxyuk66zfejbhok5ygxsonmee | What is the importance of Q(h), then? |
| work_tvxyuk66zfejbhok5ygxsonmee | Why ask for more than a posterior probability for h? |
| work_tvxyuk66zfejbhok5ygxsonmee | Why, in a desperate rescue, does the probability of h decrease? |
| work_tvxyuk66zfejbhok5ygxsonmee | Why, in a glorious rescue, does the probability of a′ increase? |
| work_wpylgmp4cvb33e5457qe5kenda | Can we make sense of an analogous project for non- linguistic domains such as, say, the space of percepts for a given sense modality? |
| work_wpylgmp4cvb33e5457qe5kenda | map onto the objective space of possible electromagnetic reflectance pro- files displayed by material objects? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | But could n’t we group together really distant property- tokens, if we wanted to? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | But do determinable properties have causal powers? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | But does not the rejection of the objectivity of scientific laws bring with it all kinds of uncanny consequences? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | But does n’t this just show that singularist semire- alism is an obviously crazy view? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | But should we postulate the existence of such property- types? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | But what does he mean by population thinking? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | But why would singular causal claims involve laws? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Does it? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Does scien- tific realism make a normative or a descriptive claim? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Does this make them any less respectable? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Does this mean that there is no fact of the matter about which star belongs to which constellation? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | How should we interpret this view if we accept the meta- physical picture I outlined in the previous section? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | If so, would n’t this bring us back to the less radical view of( b)? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Is it a view about actual scientific practice or about what science should be doing? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Is it? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Is there a fact of the matter about whether a property- token belongs to, or is an instantiation of, a super- determinable property- type? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Is this a huge problem for my account? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Is this a significant concession? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Is( c) a crazy claim? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Mayr, E.[ 1996]: ‘ What is a Species, and What is Not? ’ Philosophy of Science, 63, pp. |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | One important example: is n’t causation sup- posed to be closely linked to the laws of nature? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Or the representa- tion of an entity as existent? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Second, should n’t we group together exactly resembling property- tokens? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Should we then give up scientific realism? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Singularist Semirealism 3 3 Property- Tokens and Property- Types What is the relation between property- tokens and property- types? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | The representation of an entity as colored? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Third, is there a fact of the matter about super- determinable property- types? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | What is the relation between the two? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | What representation would attribute a super- determinable property- type? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | What should singularist semirealism say about that? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Why should we assume that there are property- types that have no further determinates? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Would n’t it be possible that every determinate has further determinates? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | Would singularist semirealism make the success of science a miracle? |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | [ 1989]: ‘ Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds? ’ Dialectica, 43, pp. |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | [ 1998]: ‘ What is Structural Realism? ’ Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 29, pp. |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | [ 2005]: ‘ What Kinds of Things are Natural? ’ Unpublished. |
| work_lzbucalrh5bcfnatqor67m6w4q | [ 2011a]: ‘ What if Reality has no Architecture? ’ The Monist, 94, pp. |
| work_vceu34cnjnarjnv4oeqhdalhzu | 14 4.4 What are the ontological commitments of a theory? |
| work_vceu34cnjnarjnv4oeqhdalhzu | 22 7 Does the di ↵ erence between mentalism and behaviourism matter? |
| work_vceu34cnjnarjnv4oeqhdalhzu | 4.1 What is a theory? |
| work_vceu34cnjnarjnv4oeqhdalhzu | 4.3 What does it mean for a theory to be empirically adequate? |
| work_vceu34cnjnarjnv4oeqhdalhzu | 8 Can economics be reduced to neuroscience? |
| work_vceu34cnjnarjnv4oeqhdalhzu | Are Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility Indeterminate? |
| work_vceu34cnjnarjnv4oeqhdalhzu | But does supervenience really imply explanatory reducibility? |
| work_vceu34cnjnarjnv4oeqhdalhzu | Does this mean that there is no fact of the matter as to what the correct explana- tion is? |
| work_vceu34cnjnarjnv4oeqhdalhzu | What is Functionalism? |
| work_vceu34cnjnarjnv4oeqhdalhzu | Where do preferences come from? |
| work_vceu34cnjnarjnv4oeqhdalhzu | Why does this problem arise? |
| work_ya3vpbmrojg75ca23gpbxiplqm | How so? |
| work_ya3vpbmrojg75ca23gpbxiplqm | Under what conditions can Acme management draw this inference? |
| work_ya3vpbmrojg75ca23gpbxiplqm | Why not? |
| work_vviroa2garesfjvqh57vvghste | ( Philsci archive) Why Is There Universal Macro- Behavior? |
| work_vviroa2garesfjvqh57vvghste | Do the remaining two steps of an RG explanation warrant a non- causal qua mathematical interpretation? |
| work_vviroa2garesfjvqh57vvghste | If these objections are striking and Batterman ’s anti- causal argument fails, where does this leave us? |
| work_vviroa2garesfjvqh57vvghste | Which facts count as mathematical facts? |
| work_vviroa2garesfjvqh57vvghste | Which steps render the RG explanation a mathematical explanation? |
| work_vviroa2garesfjvqh57vvghste | Why is there Universal Macro- Behavior? |
| work_vviroa2garesfjvqh57vvghste | “ Can Mathematics Explain Physical Phenomena?. ” British Journal for Philosophy of Science 63: 85- 113 Butterfield, Jeremy. |
| work_vviroa2garesfjvqh57vvghste | “ What Makes a Scientific Explanation Distinctively Mathematical?. ” British Journal for Philosophy of Science, doi: 10.1093/ bjps/ axs012. |
| work_ysycdvbkzzab7d6fjod2n6disu | “ Does Mother Nature Really Prefer Rare Species or Are Log- Left- Skewed SADs a Sampling Artefact? ” Ecological Letters 6:766–73. |
| work_ysycdvbkzzab7d6fjod2n6disu | “ Is ‘ Levels of Organization ’ a Useful Biological Concept? ” BioScience 26( 2): 112–13. |
| work_wwzxl7ipsnanrhrtmdi5cnc5xu | Did I have the briefcase when I left the bank? |
| work_wwzxl7ipsnanrhrtmdi5cnc5xu | For how could the familiarity of a face have facilitated performance unless some covert recognition of the face had taken place? |
| work_wwzxl7ipsnanrhrtmdi5cnc5xu | How might this machinery work? |
| work_wwzxl7ipsnanrhrtmdi5cnc5xu | If normal face recognition does take place through a series of successive levels, then which of the levels is damaged in P.H.? |
| work_wwzxl7ipsnanrhrtmdi5cnc5xu | [ 1985]:''Are There Independent Lexical and Non- lexical Routes in Word Processing? |
| work_wwzxl7ipsnanrhrtmdi5cnc5xu | p. 389) On this view, what could be wrong with the putative information processing explanation of the prosopagnosia exhibited by P.H.? |
| work_yipw4ecmenfenj4zsfmjk36jji | The interpretation of physical probability in quantum mechanics can not? |
| work_yipw4ecmenfenj4zsfmjk36jji | We want to ask of each:''For any t, could the world go in such a way after t as to undermine the t- chances? |
| work_y3bfscbc2nh3rdnkmi6353x5qi | Are( CC1) and( CC2) true? |
| work_y3bfscbc2nh3rdnkmi6353x5qi | Hitchcock, C.[ 2004]:''Do All and Only Causes Raise the Probabilities of Effects? |
| work_y3bfscbc2nh3rdnkmi6353x5qi | What results does Analysis 2 yield when combined with priorities( 1)–(4) if space- time is relativistic? |
| work_xhamjbryibem3i4vvucwugd3qi | ( 1905) Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content? |
| work_xhamjbryibem3i4vvucwugd3qi | He asks, “ in what sense can mass be converted into energy when mass and energy are not on a par in terms of their reality? ”( 2002, p. 227). |
| work_xhamjbryibem3i4vvucwugd3qi | What then becomes of Zahar ’s interpretation? |
| work_xhamjbryibem3i4vvucwugd3qi | Where does this additional inertial mass come from? |
| work_whsdfua6p5c4bosueq7jx7apcu | But can we say this is the one and only function of a gun? |
| work_whsdfua6p5c4bosueq7jx7apcu | Does Jack now have a conclusive reason not to use the gun for the robbery? |
| work_whsdfua6p5c4bosueq7jx7apcu | Does she have a conclusive reason not to use the gun? |
| work_whsdfua6p5c4bosueq7jx7apcu | Does this mean that q similarly has a reason to use the car to drive to her local school? |
| work_whsdfua6p5c4bosueq7jx7apcu | For example, does the fact that x malfunctions mean that a person p has a reason not to use x on moral grounds? |
| work_whsdfua6p5c4bosueq7jx7apcu | Is a good bread- knife also a good knife as a mere knife? |
| work_whsdfua6p5c4bosueq7jx7apcu | Ought x to go to the station or not? |
| work_whsdfua6p5c4bosueq7jx7apcu | Surely, if x malfunctions, then one has a reason tout court not to use x? |
| work_wye4ud3tvzeghhnydzxtmy7mnq | Can a category of our own making be a real kind? |
| work_wye4ud3tvzeghhnydzxtmy7mnq | How can a social fact, a person''s being labeled''black'', cause a bodily ill? |
| work_wye4ud3tvzeghhnydzxtmy7mnq | How can there be interaction between a person''s race and her blood chemistry unless race is biological? |
| work_wye4ud3tvzeghhnydzxtmy7mnq | How can this be? |
| work_wye4ud3tvzeghhnydzxtmy7mnq | How is race real in the U.S. today? |
| work_wye4ud3tvzeghhnydzxtmy7mnq | Racial categories are commonly given in response to questions, reminiscent of Aristotle''s queries,"Who is he?" |
| work_wye4ud3tvzeghhnydzxtmy7mnq | The diseases are biological but the racial differences are not; How is this possible? |
| work_wye4ud3tvzeghhnydzxtmy7mnq | Who decides the proper way to be black or white? |
| work_wye4ud3tvzeghhnydzxtmy7mnq | or"What is it?". |
| work_xqr7gte2cfbefgboy6hasyyzbi | But is Theorem 1 not only applicable to particles having spin-0 and have we forgotten to mention this? |
| work_xqr7gte2cfbefgboy6hasyyzbi | Have we committed the fallacy of propounding a petitio principii? |
| work_xqr7gte2cfbefgboy6hasyyzbi | Parenthetically, do finite- dimensional Hilbert spaces actually have ap- plications at all? |
| work_xqr7gte2cfbefgboy6hasyyzbi | Perhaps we attach too much metaphysical significance to a mathematical result? |
| work_xqr7gte2cfbefgboy6hasyyzbi | Saunders, S.( 2006), “ Are Quantum Particles Objects? ”, Analysis 66: 52–63. |
| work_wubsz2caongeplss3ljbbgdcoi | ( 1989): ‘ Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds? ’, Dialectica 43, pp.99- 124. |
| work_wubsz2caongeplss3ljbbgdcoi | But can this be demonstrated? |
| work_wubsz2caongeplss3ljbbgdcoi | How can the realist maintain her realism in the face of this fact? |
| work_wubsz2caongeplss3ljbbgdcoi | How can the selective realist respond? |
| work_wubsz2caongeplss3ljbbgdcoi | How should the realist respond to this historical episode? |
| work_wubsz2caongeplss3ljbbgdcoi | Once one has taken away what is radically false from the Bohr theory, is there enough left for the successful derivations to go through? |
| work_wubsz2caongeplss3ljbbgdcoi | Saatsi, J. and Vickers, P.( 2010): ‘ Miraculous Success? |
| work_vkjcwqfndzevrfbva2i5ad7tmm | Do quasi- par- ticles pass this test? |
| work_vkjcwqfndzevrfbva2i5ad7tmm | Had Bardeen and Brattain stumbled upon a new entity? |
| work_vkjcwqfndzevrfbva2i5ad7tmm | Is that not all the entity realist needs? |
| work_vkjcwqfndzevrfbva2i5ad7tmm | Or must it? |
| work_vkjcwqfndzevrfbva2i5ad7tmm | PUTNAM, H.( 1984) What is realism?, in: J. LEPLIN( Ed.) |
| work_vkjcwqfndzevrfbva2i5ad7tmm | We may ask: what are the desiderata for any class of “ subversive ” counterexamples to the criterion of manipulative success? |
| work_vkjcwqfndzevrfbva2i5ad7tmm | What do we spray, when we spray a particle? |
| work_vkjcwqfndzevrfbva2i5ad7tmm | What guarantees that there can not be similar failures in the case of manipulation, too? |
| work_vkjcwqfndzevrfbva2i5ad7tmm | Would such a line of argument convince an entity realist to abandon his position? |
| work_vxfm4mkqrnbdhlsdiwqicszrma | ( 11) which differs from the fine- grained entropy of the microcanonical en- semble only in the argument of?. |
| work_vxfm4mkqrnbdhlsdiwqicszrma | : Towards an Ontology for Quantum Field Theory[ pp. S170-S184] Philosophy of Biology Is Pure R- Selection Really Selection? |
| work_vxfm4mkqrnbdhlsdiwqicszrma | Can classical statistical mechanics reproduce these pre- dictions? |
| work_vxfm4mkqrnbdhlsdiwqicszrma | If these endpoints can also be connected by some quasistatic process, this en- tropy change obeys ASTD? |
| work_vxfm4mkqrnbdhlsdiwqicszrma | That is, we require relation( 9) to hold only for all F E? |
| work_vxfm4mkqrnbdhlsdiwqicszrma | To be more specific, let us consider a class? |
| work_ym46piiszjhy7kik27uuggukna | “ Can Cognitive Processes Be Inferred from Neuroimaging Data? ” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10: 59- 63. |
| work_ym46piiszjhy7kik27uuggukna | “ Mapping Mental Function to Brain Structure: How Can Cognitive Neuroimaging Succeed? ” Perspectives on Psychological Science 5: 753- 61. |
| work_ym46piiszjhy7kik27uuggukna | “ Neural Reuse in the Evolution and Development of the Brain: Evidence for Developmental Homology? ” Developmental Psychobiology 55: 42- 51. |
| work_vknqfhzydfgclg7xv5i4j4stra | 568 ELLIOTT SOBER AND MIKE STEEL horses in midstream? |
| work_vknqfhzydfgclg7xv5i4j4stra | But what if we consider not just the recent past, but past times that are more and more ancient? |
| work_vknqfhzydfgclg7xv5i4j4stra | Did Darwin Write the Origin Backwards? |
| work_vknqfhzydfgclg7xv5i4j4stra | Does n’t observing fossils provide a simpler and more definitive solution? |
| work_vknqfhzydfgclg7xv5i4j4stra | How does increasing the temporal separation between present and past affect the amount of information that the present provides about the past? |
| work_vknqfhzydfgclg7xv5i4j4stra | How much information does that observation pro- vide about the state of the population at some earlier time? |
| work_vknqfhzydfgclg7xv5i4j4stra | Is determinism necessary for the optimistic view to be true? |
| work_vknqfhzydfgclg7xv5i4j4stra | What is the epistemic relation of present to past? |
| work_vknqfhzydfgclg7xv5i4j4stra | Which of these speeds the loss of information and which slows it? |
| work_vknqfhzydfgclg7xv5i4j4stra | Who cares if mutual information goes to zero as the time separating present from past goes to infinity? |
| work_vdbeagt4brchte47ch7wagha5u | But how to walk the thin line between philosophy and the sciences? |
| work_vdbeagt4brchte47ch7wagha5u | Most important of all, in our post-‐Kuhnian world, how could these transitions occur? |
| work_vdbeagt4brchte47ch7wagha5u | What good is HPS to philosophy, in general? |
| work_vdbeagt4brchte47ch7wagha5u | Why hark back to Kant and neo-‐Kantianism in our post-‐ Euclidean and post-‐Newtonian world? |
| work_vdbeagt4brchte47ch7wagha5u | “ How Accurate Is the Standard Second? ” Philosophy of Science 78:1082–96. |
| work_vdbeagt4brchte47ch7wagha5u | “ Is Conceivability a Guide to Possibility? ” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 53:1 – 42. |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | 2 Why? |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | 4 How? |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | But what are the right tools that philosophers should teach in such a course? |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | Computing the perfect model: why do economists shun simulation? |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | Euro Jnl Phil Sci( 2014) 4:115–134 123 So, for such an interdisciplinary methodology course, what should be taught? |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | Experimental practices in economics: a methodological challenge for psychologists? |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | For a number of years, we have used the toy situation exercise “ what ’s in the box? ” to teach students about dealing with uncertain evidence. |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | How? |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | In other words, teaching philosophy of science to science students makes them better scientists.9 3 What? |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | Philosophers of science are well qualified to address this “ why? ”. |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | So the question arises, why does such a difference exist? |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | What is the problem with experts? |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | What is this thing called science? |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | What? |
| work_t7sfalwnsnfmdaujwqn37gd47y | Why are we focussing on argument and justification? |
| work_zs5ausgjcvc4dlpgnnzp7g3fsy | Where does Richard Jeffrey ’s probability ki- nematics fit into this picture? |
| work_ybifxbu6gjgare2zpwvqmzczo4 | : 2000, ‘ ‘ Qué tienen en cuenta los profesores cuando seleccionan el contenido de enseñanza? |
| work_ybifxbu6gjgare2zpwvqmzczo4 | : 2004a, ‘ Thomas Kuhn ’s Impact on Science Education: What Lessons can be Learned? ’, Science Education 88(1): 90--118. |
| work_ybifxbu6gjgare2zpwvqmzczo4 | Jiménez, R.& Wamba, A.M.: 2003, ‘ Es posible el cambio de modelos didácticos? |
| work_x23fdj3d5nafzcduwyfrwf6bna | How does the observed ubiquity of learning generalization in the natural world square with these results? |
| work_x23fdj3d5nafzcduwyfrwf6bna | How many other states are reinforced? |
| work_x23fdj3d5nafzcduwyfrwf6bna | How much reinforcement occurs in those states? |
| work_x23fdj3d5nafzcduwyfrwf6bna | How, it will now be asked, do these results inform the evolution of learning generalization? |
| work_x23fdj3d5nafzcduwyfrwf6bna | The state space of this model would have hundreds( thousands?) |
| work_x23fdj3d5nafzcduwyfrwf6bna | What happens to the strategy of an actor using a GRL rule in the approxi- mation game in the long run? |
| work_x23fdj3d5nafzcduwyfrwf6bna | Why this incongruity? |
| work_x23fdj3d5nafzcduwyfrwf6bna | Zollman, K. and Smead, R.[ 2010]: ‘ Plasticity and Language: An Example of the Baldwin Effect? ’, Philosophical Studies, 147, pp. |
| work_utpfbabu4na35oyirkgutf3ugm | ( But why did I say there is no collapse in the Bohm interpretation? |
| work_utpfbabu4na35oyirkgutf3ugm | 5 The problem of Einstein ’s bed Why do I call this ‘ the problem of Einstein ’s bed ’? |
| work_utpfbabu4na35oyirkgutf3ugm | Can we soften the ‘ bad news ’ that we may need to return to a notion of ‘ absolute time ’? |
| work_utpfbabu4na35oyirkgutf3ugm | How come my observations have so far been in accordance with quan- tum mechanical probability? |
| work_utpfbabu4na35oyirkgutf3ugm | If we never observe such a state, why do n’t we? |
| work_utpfbabu4na35oyirkgutf3ugm | Now why did this conclusion make me unhappy? |
| work_utpfbabu4na35oyirkgutf3ugm | So why should I use quantum mechanical ‘ probability ’ to predict what I am likely to observe? |
| work_utpfbabu4na35oyirkgutf3ugm | What about the interpretations in the other column — the ‘ no- collapse ’ column? |
| work_utpfbabu4na35oyirkgutf3ugm | What happens to the state function when I make a position measurement on a particle, and I say ‘ now it is here ’? |
| work_utpfbabu4na35oyirkgutf3ugm | What is the nature of these inferences? |
| work_sqh4htglqjd2pddbyp6han6bxu | Am I not simply advocating Lakatos''views with different terminology? |
| work_sqh4htglqjd2pddbyp6han6bxu | For what would a rational method of discovery amount to? |
| work_sqh4htglqjd2pddbyp6han6bxu | In short, does not aim oriented empiricism characterize science as irredeemably irrational, in that it brands science as a kind of theology? |
| work_sqh4htglqjd2pddbyp6han6bxu | In view of this argument, what becomes of the idea that science is committed to the idea that the world itself is simple? |
| work_sqh4htglqjd2pddbyp6han6bxu | Ought not these things to be sharply distinguished? |
| work_sqh4htglqjd2pddbyp6han6bxu | Surely we can not assume that choosing rationally between M1,... Mn is the same problem as choosing rationally between P1,... Pn? |
| work_sqh4htglqjd2pddbyp6han6bxu | The problem is this: How is it possible to make a rational choice between rival blueprints, rival ideas as to how the world is intelligible? |
| work_sqh4htglqjd2pddbyp6han6bxu | [ 13] Kuhn, T. S."Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Research?" |
| work_sqh4htglqjd2pddbyp6han6bxu | [ 18] Maxwell, N."Can there be Necessary Connections between Successive Events?" |
| work_sqh4htglqjd2pddbyp6han6bxu | in[ 12])? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | ( 1976), “ Is Preacceleration of Particles in Dirac ’s Electrodynamics a Case of Backward Causation? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | 253 Inconsistency in Classical Electrodynamics? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | An alternative to Lorentz ’s force law? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | Belot, G.( 2007), “ Is Classical Electrodynamics an Inconsistent Theory? ” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, forthcoming. |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | Frisch considers Newton ’s law of motion “ in the absence of non- elec- INCONSISTENCY IN CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | Grünbaum, A., and A. I. Janis( 1977), “ Is There Backward Causation in Classical Electro- dynamics? ’ Journal of Philosophy 74: 475–482. |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | How do these four assumptions( i)–(iv) relate to the postulates of CED? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | INCONSISTENCY IN CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | INCONSISTENCY IN CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | If CED-(i) were a version of CED, then what on Earth would be the relation between the self- force and the self- field ac- cording to CED-(i)? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | Kiessling( 1999) INCONSISTENCY IN CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | Newton ’s nonrelativ-˙a(t){ u(t) istic equation of motion in relativistic Minkowski space- time? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | Quod erat demonstrandum? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | Since this adiabatic limit is not important for the purpose of the current INCONSISTENCY IN CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | The Lorentz- fL Dirac equation( 37) also suffers from( II) pre- and( III) self- accelerations INCONSISTENCY IN CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS? |
| work_tmr7pcfdu5h7xe7zh4dw3tpxiu | — — —( 1978), “ When Can a Classical Electron Accelerate without Radiating? ” Foundations of Physics 8: 879–891. |
| work_xgiutywie5ai5goh7jme6notei | SOCIAL PREFERENCES IN EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS 657 — — —( 2007), Does Game Theory Work? |
| work_xgiutywie5ai5goh7jme6notei | Social Preferences? |
| work_xgiutywie5ai5goh7jme6notei | What do these results show about the existence of “ social preferences ”? |
| work_wzeaoeqgiredtb2opksbm2ukny | But precisely which person, group, or set of information? |
| work_wzeaoeqgiredtb2opksbm2ukny | But was it really epistemically possible for him? |
| work_wzeaoeqgiredtb2opksbm2ukny | But was the technological change decisive or merely coincidental? |
| work_wzeaoeqgiredtb2opksbm2ukny | But what about edge cases? |
| work_wzeaoeqgiredtb2opksbm2ukny | Could Monte Carlo calculations have been performed using existing computational methods? |
| work_wzeaoeqgiredtb2opksbm2ukny | What Difference Did Computers Make? |
| work_wzeaoeqgiredtb2opksbm2ukny | What makes an activity practicable? |
| work_zr7swuxxazgyfob62y5dtvtq4y | If they do n’t have to undergo any change to collectively kill Bob need they even exist in order to kill him? |
| work_zr7swuxxazgyfob62y5dtvtq4y | Why is this a solution? |
| work_yjoejpqd2rf2zmn6rkgbwynx54 | But why assume that? |
| work_yjoejpqd2rf2zmn6rkgbwynx54 | Is the Best Good Enough? |
| work_yjoejpqd2rf2zmn6rkgbwynx54 | On this reading of “ being epistemically privileged, ” then, why is it that scientists are not prone to develop good theories? |
| work_yjoejpqd2rf2zmn6rkgbwynx54 | What Is Scientific Progress? |
| work_yjoejpqd2rf2zmn6rkgbwynx54 | What sort of special rights or advantages can scientists claim to have or enjoy? |
| work_yjoejpqd2rf2zmn6rkgbwynx54 | Why? |
| work_ykwolezdqncbhbxl6czwqhz6ve | Are Newtonian Gravitation and Geometrized Newtonian Gravitation Theoretically Equivalent? |
| work_ykwolezdqncbhbxl6czwqhz6ve | For example: Is the C- equivalence be- tween formulations of Hamiltonian mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics( Barrett, 2017) a case of DCE? |
| work_ykwolezdqncbhbxl6czwqhz6ve | What do symmetries tell us about structure? |
| work_ykwolezdqncbhbxl6czwqhz6ve | Wightman, 1956; Osterwalder and Schrader, 1973, 1975) give rise to DC- equivalences? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | ( Dated: September 6, 2015) If there is a ‘ platonic world ’ M of mathematical facts, what does M contain precisely? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | But: does it? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | Does it hold for mathematics as well? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | Has n’t mathematics precisely that universality feel that is at the root of platonism? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | How many clods in my garden? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | How many clouds are there in the sky? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | How many coves along the coast of England? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | How many mountains in the Alps? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | How many waves in a lake? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | How much? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | Interest is in the eye of the interested Can we restrict the definition of M to the interesting subset? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | So, the problem becomes: what does “ interesting ” mean? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | So, what does M include? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | The question I consider is: what is it reasonable to expect M to contain? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | What could be contingent or accidental about it? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | What is it that makes certain set of axioms defining certain mathematical objects, and certain theorems, interesting? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | What part do we hu- mans have in singling it out? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | Why has mathematics developed at first, and for such a long time, along two parallel lines: geometry and arithmetic? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | Why should it? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | Why so? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | Why? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | Would n’t any intelligent entity developing anywhere in the universe come out with this same mathematics? |
| work_scmvs6ywcjbtzdhlivdmh4jkam | Would this math include counting, that is, arithmetic? |
| work_wvtyfv2j4fcxbdmmn4xvot636a | 4 If inertia is conspiratorial, should a broad class of theories be so characterised? |
| work_wvtyfv2j4fcxbdmmn4xvot636a | How do all of the cobalt atoms in the universe know to exhibit handedness in the same sense when they are oblivious to one another? |
| work_wvtyfv2j4fcxbdmmn4xvot636a | How do they know to move in the way that they do? |
| work_wvtyfv2j4fcxbdmmn4xvot636a | I proceeded to ask, if there is something conspiratorial about inertia, should a broad class of theories be so characterised? |
| work_wvtyfv2j4fcxbdmmn4xvot636a | Is Energy Conserved in General Relativity? |
| work_wvtyfv2j4fcxbdmmn4xvot636a | One could ask, why is n’t there anything conspiratorial about the beta- decay of, e.g., cobalt 60 atoms? |
| work_wvtyfv2j4fcxbdmmn4xvot636a | Rather, the explication is the outcome of an analysis that began with the question, on what assumptions does our use of the concept of inertia depend? |
| work_z3fc3rehujg6pjyqjqcfcyq4sy | K of course can not say this; but what can he say? |
| work_z3fc3rehujg6pjyqjqcfcyq4sy | Why does he fail to see the gap between the weaker version which he does prove and the stronger version which he claims to have proved? |
| work_z3fc3rehujg6pjyqjqcfcyq4sy | ’? |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | And, in particular, might discrimination affect these networks? |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | As long as diverse ideas are present somewhere in a community, why should it matter whether collaborations happen between groups or not? |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | DISCRIMINATION AND COLLABORATION IN SCIENCE 399 What is the upshot for epistemic communities and epistemic progress? |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | Does the type of homophily we attempt to explain ac- tually impede epistemic progress? |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | Part of our question is, Are these sets of results related? |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | Whose Knowledge? |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | Whose Science? |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | “ Are Women Economists at a Disadvantage in Publishing Journal Articles? ” Eastern Economic Journal 6( 3/4): 189–93. |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | “ Bargaining with Neighbors: Is Justice Contagious? ” Journal of Philosophy 96:588–98. |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | “ Does Female Representation in Top Manage- ment Improve Firm Performance? |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | “ In Epistemic Networks, Is Less Re- ally More? ” Philosophy of Science 82( 2): 234–52. |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | “ Is Team Formation Gender Neutral? |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | “ What Is in It for Me? |
| work_v6wpv74vn5hvpasgyosd47bs6u | “ What Is the State of Blacks in Philosophy? ” Critical Philosophy of Race 2( 2): 224–42. |
| work_y7qmurqwvrhjtnsghdd4cozgoy | - S. 189- 200 https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02698595.2015.1119420 kuvitteellinen suomen kielinen filosofinen maailmamme silloin näyttäisi? |
| work_y7qmurqwvrhjtnsghdd4cozgoy | Einige Gedanken aus der Sicht der kognitiven Neurowissenschaft. ” In Welche Sprache(n) spricht die Wissenschaft?, edited by Jurgen Trabant, 135 146. |
| work_y7qmurqwvrhjtnsghdd4cozgoy | What would our philo- sophical world look like if we all had to speak and write Finnish in order to make our- selves understood? |
| work_y7qmurqwvrhjtnsghdd4cozgoy | “ Globalesisch: Fluch oder Segen? |
| work_y7qmurqwvrhjtnsghdd4cozgoy | “ How Inclusive Is European Philosophy of Science? ” International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 29: 149 165. |
| work_y7qmurqwvrhjtnsghdd4cozgoy | “ Is There a European Philosophy of Science? |
| work_xn6m4qryafha7dhpr3eg52if5e | Does this mean that categorical bottlenecks and SPCs fail to provide a satisfying account of natural kinds? |
| work_xn6m4qryafha7dhpr3eg52if5e | For example, who are the neighbouring agents of a Tzeltal folk- biologist? |
| work_xn6m4qryafha7dhpr3eg52if5e | Gilchrist, G., Mallory, M.,& Merkel, F.[ 2005]:''Can local ecological knowledge contribute to wildlife management? |
| work_xn6m4qryafha7dhpr3eg52if5e | How do we distinguish between relevant and irrelevant circumstances? |
| work_xn6m4qryafha7dhpr3eg52if5e | Pierotti[ 2011]) against differences in capabilities? |
| work_xn6m4qryafha7dhpr3eg52if5e | What does this recognition of complex convergence- divergence patterns mean for a philosophical discussion of natural kinds? |
| work_xn6m4qryafha7dhpr3eg52if5e | [ 1999]:''Are whales fish? |
| work_xn6m4qryafha7dhpr3eg52if5e | [ 2007]:''Whales, dolphins or fishes? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | ( 1993),"Do We Need a Concept of Disease? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | ( 1997), What Is Disease? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | ( 2002),"Curing Cancer? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | APC pathway Motion How do cells move? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | Caplan, Arthur, L.( 1992),"If Gene Therapy Is the Cure, What Is the Disease? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | Cell function How- question Sample pathway Energy acquisition How do cells get energy? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | For each of the functions in Table 1, we can ask the why- question: Why does a cell have that function? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | Glycolysis Mitosis( division) How do cells divide? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | Growth hormone signaling pathway Apoptosis( cell death) How do cells provoke their own destruction? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | How are they represented so that scientists can reason about them? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | How do cells divide? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | How do cells form tissues? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | How do pathways furnish biological explanations of normal cellular function? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | How do pathways provide new mechanistic explanations of diseases? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | How does knowledge about pathways suggest novel treatments of diseases? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | Integrin signaling pathway Signaling How do cells signal each other? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | Ras- linked signal transduction pathways Adhesion How do cells adhere to form tissues? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | The general explanation schema is: Pathway Defect Explanation Schema Explanation target: Why does a cell become defective in a function? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | The primary explanations in biochemistry answer how- questions rather than why- questions: How do cells get energy? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | Theories of cell function and disease development are not naturally stated as sets of axioms, so what are they? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | These questions include: What are biochemical pathways? |
| work_rghh5lmir5ffdmbkabuiz5lvwy | What are Pathways? |
| work_vkale6l5ebbxhlx32dniy3qshe | 4 How do Bayesian models unify? |
| work_vkale6l5ebbxhlx32dniy3qshe | Friston, K.[ 2009]: ‘ The Free- energy Principle: A Rough Guide to the Brain? ’, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, pp. |
| work_vkale6l5ebbxhlx32dniy3qshe | Friston, K.[ 2010]: ‘ The Free- energy Principle: A Unified Brain Theory? ’, Nature Review Neuroscience, 11, pp. |
| work_vkale6l5ebbxhlx32dniy3qshe | Given this breadth, a question worth asking is: How is unification actually produced within Bayesian cognitive science? |
| work_vkale6l5ebbxhlx32dniy3qshe | Jones, M., and Love, B. C.[ 2011]: ‘ Bayesian Fundamentalism or Enlightenment? |
| work_vkale6l5ebbxhlx32dniy3qshe | Shogenji, T.[ 1999]: ‘ Is coherence truth- conducive? ’, Analysis, 59, pp. |
| work_vkale6l5ebbxhlx32dniy3qshe | What constraints on mechanistic explanation? |
| work_vkale6l5ebbxhlx32dniy3qshe | What constraints on mechanistic explanation? |
| work_vkale6l5ebbxhlx32dniy3qshe | [ 2003]: ‘ Do Humans Optimally Integrate Stereo and Texture Information for Judgments of Surface Slant? ’, Vision Research, 43, pp. |
| work_vkale6l5ebbxhlx32dniy3qshe | [ 2012b]: ‘ Is that What Bayesians Believe? |
| work_vkale6l5ebbxhlx32dniy3qshe | [ 2013]: ‘ Whatever Next? |
| work_yzxe36ofujf4hcym6b55qq3bym | But are looser connections permissible? |
| work_yzxe36ofujf4hcym6b55qq3bym | Does the population code for a raw probability distribution or for relative expected gain? |
| work_yzxe36ofujf4hcym6b55qq3bym | Probabilistic population coding in the brain What is it to represent( ‘ code for ’) a probability distribution? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | ( 7) is the correct expression of Newton ’s laws, rather than( 8) and( 9)? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | ( 8),( 9) and the symmetry of F a distinctively relational theory? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | 26 That question carries with it another: what has any of this really to do with gravity? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | Are the accelerations thus produced at least likely to be small, so that Propo- sition XI( given Hypothesis I) holds to a good approximation? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | Bianchi, E. and C. Rovelli[ 2010], ‘ Why all these prejudices against a constant? ’, available online at https://arxiv.org/abs/1002.3966. |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | But how is it that all the moons of jupiter are accelerated the same as jupiter by the sun? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | But if all of this is true, is there really any need of ‘ real ’ inertial frames, that are anyway operationally unavailable? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | But what does ‘ uniform, straight line motion ’ mean, if inertial motions( in the usual sense of ‘ inertial ’) are undefined? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | Can we dispense with the first equality of Eq.(10)? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | Can we kick away the ladder? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | Does that secure the status of Proposition XI, but replacing ‘ at rest ’ by ‘ in- ertial ’? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | For was Corollary VI not already a consequence of the Laws, just as was Corollary V? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | Galilean space- time is the right manifold corresponding to neo- Newtonian space- time, an affine- space; what does Maxwell space- time correspond to? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | How do we describe their motion on our relationalist reading of Principia? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | How does Galilean space- time stand up to Leibniz ’s critique? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | If configurations of bodies at different times can be compared as to order, why not compare them as to spatial direction as well? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | Is it possible, rather, to interpret the laws more directly as concerning the relative motions of particle pairs? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | Is it relationalism? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | It seems self- defeating if true: how is it NTM was, in fact, successfully applied? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | Malament, D.[ 1995], ‘ Is Newtonian cosmology really inconsistent? ’, Philosophy of Science 62, 489- 510. |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | Or are they? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | What about relationalism in Norton ’s sense, in NCT? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | What if the actual universe is infinite? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | What of possible worlds, and distinctions among them drawn in NCT, invisible to ours? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | What should then replace Galilean space- time and absolute accelerations? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | What then is Newtonian space- time? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | What way exactly? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | Which, precisely, were these? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | Why not make do with local, freely- falling, non- rotating frames, as we do in GTR? |
| work_qe7w3qk7ajf4zeqwcoeoylexny | [ 1989], ‘ Absolute or Relative Motion? |
| work_xu3ljy2ivnbsnol7kk5w3pl67i | @article{Bueno2012CanME, title={Can Mathematics Explain Physical Phenomena? |
| work_xu3ljy2ivnbsnol7kk5w3pl67i | DOI:10.1093/ bjps/ axr017 Corpus ID: 25963763Can Mathematics Explain Physical Phenomena? |
| work_xu3ljy2ivnbsnol7kk5w3pl67i | PDF] Can Mathematics Explain Physical Phenomena? |
| work_xu3ljy2ivnbsnol7kk5w3pl67i | Which Details? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | But does not the approach that I am advocating here fail for similar reasons? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | But is this a rational aim to pursue in the first place? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | But why? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | Can we maintain that revised Popperian rules, or let us say, Lakatosian rules, give us the best hope of realizing this aim for scientific enquiry? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | Can we show that suitably revised Popperian rules give us the best hope of rejecting a theory only when we have detected some error in that theory? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | Do our rules give us the best hope of rejecting a theory only when we have isolated some false implication of the theory? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | Do we have any grounds, however, within Popper''s general viewpoint, for maintaining that T1 is false? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | Do we have any rational grounds for preferring the conjecture that we have detected error in T1 to the conjecture that we have detected error in T2? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | For if the aim specified in( c) is to be rational, do we not need to have some rational assurance that this aim will meet with success? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | How, in other words, are we to solve problem( c)? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | It may be asked: Granted that all these criticisms are cogent, do they not effectively demolish Popper''s theory? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | Should we automatically prefer the rival theory to Popper''s theory? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | We are now in a position to consider the fundamental problem: Can we provide a rationale for Popper''s revised methodological rules? |
| work_pegr6yaozvcydfrjnlspd6l6de | What entitles us to claim that the aims of physics are more rational than the aims of scientology? |
| work_yzyekno6lzh6dkbjdtjxlhprnu | 8): how would a result that held in only special situations support a general normative require- ment? |
| work_yzyekno6lzh6dkbjdtjxlhprnu | And this fact gives rise to a potentially troubling question: does the re- stricted scope of the DBA deprive it of its interest? |
| work_yzyekno6lzh6dkbjdtjxlhprnu | But what reason would we have to insist on this? |
| work_yzyekno6lzh6dkbjdtjxlhprnu | Vineberg, Susan( 1998),"Can the Dutch Book Argument Really be Depragmatized?" |
| work_xqonqbslxzeezjajrw3agvcaui | ( Salmon 1984) Would it help to reject the covering law account and adopt the mechanism view of scientific understanding? |
| work_xqonqbslxzeezjajrw3agvcaui | How does it affect the theory and its presentation? |
| work_xqonqbslxzeezjajrw3agvcaui | Is Prandtl ’s search for coherence a search for unification? |
| work_xqonqbslxzeezjajrw3agvcaui | Is the understanding brought about by Prandtl ’s model due to its explanatory unity? |
| work_xqonqbslxzeezjajrw3agvcaui | The role of Prandtl ’s physical model What exactly is the purpose of Prandtl ’s model and how does it serve this purpose? |
| work_xqonqbslxzeezjajrw3agvcaui | What Makes Airplanes Fly? |
| work_xqonqbslxzeezjajrw3agvcaui | What exactly is it, then, that is responsible for deepening our understanding in the case of Prandtl? |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | 18 4 Conclusion 21 1 Introduction What are laws of nature? |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | 20 laws be? |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | 22 Dretske, F.[ 1977]: ‘ What Is a Law of Nature? ’ Philosophy of Science, 44, pp. |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | 28Remember footnote 22? |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | After all, how else will we discover the laws, if not through empirical inquiry? |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | Beebee, H.[ 2006]: ‘ Does Anything Hold the Universe Together? ’ Synthese, 149( 3), pp. |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | How far is too far? |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | How, then, does this account circumvent the problems with the BSA? |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | Is the Past Hypothesis — the claim that the universe started out in a low- entropy state( Albert[ 2003])—a law? |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | Is the mass of the electron fixed as a matter of law, or is it a mere fact that all electrons have a mass of 9 × 1031 kg? |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | References Armstrong, D.[ 1983]: What Is a Law of Nature? |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | What need, then, is there for simplicity? |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | When are we willing to give up strength? |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | When does simplicity favour one putative lawbook over another? |
| work_vvvxfvnwdrahtgtk3rr25togpm | [ 2009]: ‘ Why Is There Anything Except Physics? ’ Synthese, 170( 2), pp. |
| work_ybhi6cpljjbwldddqf7wpyur5u | But what about representational denial, as it occurs in C2/ C2’/C2*? |
| work_ybhi6cpljjbwldddqf7wpyur5u | In particular, what would it mean for S to deny that M accurately represents T? |
| work_ybhi6cpljjbwldddqf7wpyur5u | So, what happens if, in using D to represent T as Π, S commits herself to accepting that T is Π? |
| work_ybhi6cpljjbwldddqf7wpyur5u | Van Fraassen is 100psi? |
| work_ybhi6cpljjbwldddqf7wpyur5u | What are data models? |
| work_ybhi6cpljjbwldddqf7wpyur5u | When it comes to measuring the pressure of his tire( p.181), what would it mean for van Fraassen to locate himself in PVT space? |
| work_xwb4lxijvfcg7prlrkfudj5iiu | Are we to say that “ F ” is a distinct event depending on whether it happens in the spring or any other season? |
| work_xwb4lxijvfcg7prlrkfudj5iiu | Is there anything significant about propensities that makes( CIProp) hold where( CIProb) fails? |
| work_xwb4lxijvfcg7prlrkfudj5iiu | Now a crucial question opens up: Is the sequence of repetitions Ss included in the outcome event set Ω? |
| work_xwb4lxijvfcg7prlrkfudj5iiu | The law of large numbers, or some version thereof, is supposed to provide an answer, but why accept the law in the first place? |
| work_xwb4lxijvfcg7prlrkfudj5iiu | When is the sequence long enough for the frequency to be representative? |
| work_xwb4lxijvfcg7prlrkfudj5iiu | Why not do away with the need to refer to any sequences altogether? |
| work_xwb4lxijvfcg7prlrkfudj5iiu | Why? |
| work_xwb4lxijvfcg7prlrkfudj5iiu | Why? |
| work_zmgj6te4rvbhxkoacjwssexyxe | Justification or Discovery? ” Philosophy of Science 79(5)667- 677 Odenbaugh, Jay. |
| work_zmgj6te4rvbhxkoacjwssexyxe | Why does the standard framework omit belowground interactions? |
| work_zmgj6te4rvbhxkoacjwssexyxe | “ Are There General Laws in Ecology?. ” Oikos 84( 2): 177–92. |
| work_zmgj6te4rvbhxkoacjwssexyxe | “ Case Studies: One Observation or Many? |
| work_zmgj6te4rvbhxkoacjwssexyxe | “ Do Simple Models Lead to Generality in Ecology?. ” Trends in Ecology& Evolution 28( 10) 578–83. |
| work_yu2pb4j4xvblhixz4y6ebc3kpq | 1 Introduction How are we to think of classical electromagnetic fields? |
| work_yu2pb4j4xvblhixz4y6ebc3kpq | Do these count as worlds like w, or not? |
| work_yu2pb4j4xvblhixz4y6ebc3kpq | Some version, but which? |
| work_yu2pb4j4xvblhixz4y6ebc3kpq | The question, then, is: should a Lewisian metaphysician count worlds with distinct spacetime topologies as unlike each other? |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | ( Why have there been no well- corroborated sightings of unicorns? |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | ., Hn other than just the brute fact that H1 is more quantitatively parsimonious? |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | ., Hn, explains the observed missing 1 2-spin in cases of Beta decay equally well? |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | 54( 2003), 245–259, axg011& British Society for the Philosophy of Science 2003 more rational than the assumption that 207 particles are so acting? |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | But is each different fractional spin- value itself a separate property? |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | But why assume that an explanation on theoretical grounds is required? |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | Can anything substantive be said in defense of this intuition? |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | Does n’t this introduce an extra superfluous neutrino? |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | Given that spin is the only feature mentioned in any of the hypotheses, what other phenomena are there which they might potentially explain? |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | If neutrinos with spin 1 20 are emitted during Beta decay, then how come they are never emitted singly in other experimental set- ups? |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | Nolan, D.[ 1999]: ‘ Is Fertility Virtuous In Its Own Right? ’, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 50, pp. |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | Or is it merely the product of wishful thinking, aesthetic bias, or some other non- rational influence? |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | Should we prefer the most quantitatively parsimonious, 1-planet hypothesis in this case, and — if so — why? |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | When we come across an object of mass 2002 kg, are we attributing a new kind of property to it?) |
| work_vyzvvevewbgxphbpto455s2cny | Why, for example, did no experiments yield missing spins of 9 20? |
| work_yq77oan73na55bawmwrnj4uooy | Can criteria developed for simple inductive frameworks be extended to other frameworks? |
| work_yq77oan73na55bawmwrnj4uooy | Copyright? |
| work_yq77oan73na55bawmwrnj4uooy | Is it possible to articulate criteria that are or should be operative in all frameworks? |
| work_yq77oan73na55bawmwrnj4uooy | What sorts of criteria are relevant to deciding between different or competing( sets of) background beliefs? |
| work_yq77oan73na55bawmwrnj4uooy | Zahar, E.( 1973),"Why Did Einstein''s Programme Supersede Lorentz''s?" |
| work_whvmb2mn7rbxxljw34vwfdq7l4 | All “ possible ” results of the experiment will exist so what can the experiment possibly tell us if we believe in Everettian quantum mechanics? |
| work_whvmb2mn7rbxxljw34vwfdq7l4 | Can the world be only wave- function? |
| work_whvmb2mn7rbxxljw34vwfdq7l4 | Do I sign or not? |
| work_whvmb2mn7rbxxljw34vwfdq7l4 | From an Everettian point of view, why bother? |
| work_whvmb2mn7rbxxljw34vwfdq7l4 | How can both these people, or either one of them, be the same person as Hydra? |
| work_whvmb2mn7rbxxljw34vwfdq7l4 | How do I decide whether having one successor worse off and another better off is preferable to having all my successors stuck with the status quo? |
| work_whvmb2mn7rbxxljw34vwfdq7l4 | If Lewis ’s idea mentioned above is rejected what alternatives are there? |
| work_whvmb2mn7rbxxljw34vwfdq7l4 | Must Hydra abandon the Born rule as it is usually understood if she is to believe Everett? |
| work_whvmb2mn7rbxxljw34vwfdq7l4 | So why is it worth Hydra doing her experiment in the first place if she believes Everett? |
| work_whvmb2mn7rbxxljw34vwfdq7l4 | We know what the result will be according to Everett and why bother doing an expensive experiment when you know what the result is going to be? |
| work_whvmb2mn7rbxxljw34vwfdq7l4 | What is she ignorant about? |
| work_whvmb2mn7rbxxljw34vwfdq7l4 | Whilst uncertain, what probability should HydraUP assign to seeing the result UP or the result DOWN on removing her blindfold? |
| work_whvmb2mn7rbxxljw34vwfdq7l4 | Why should Hydra care about the outcomes UP and DOWN if there are important consequences for her in those branches? |
| work_wciwx5u23vcrrllfvwzidbva3m | Are spatial maps more like images or like architectural models? |
| work_wciwx5u23vcrrllfvwzidbva3m | Are they accurate? |
| work_wciwx5u23vcrrllfvwzidbva3m | Are they consistent? |
| work_wciwx5u23vcrrllfvwzidbva3m | Do spatial maps encode perspective, or do they represent a bird’s- eye view? |
| work_wciwx5u23vcrrllfvwzidbva3m | Insofar as there are distortions in spatial memory, what are these distortions caused by? |
| work_wciwx5u23vcrrllfvwzidbva3m | Phenomena versus Effects?. |
| work_wciwx5u23vcrrllfvwzidbva3m | Phenomena versus Mechanisms? |
| work_wciwx5u23vcrrllfvwzidbva3m | What are cognitive reference points for spatial information, and how can they vary by context? |
| work_wciwx5u23vcrrllfvwzidbva3m | “ How Unitary Is the Capacity- Limited Attentional Focus? ” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24:146–47. |
| work_wciwx5u23vcrrllfvwzidbva3m | “ If the Magical Number Is 4, How Does One Account for Operations within Working Memory? ” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24:136–38. |
| work_wciwx5u23vcrrllfvwzidbva3m | “ What Exactly Is Stabilized When Phenomena Are Stabilized? ” Synthese 182:57 – 71. |
| work_wciwx5u23vcrrllfvwzidbva3m | “ ‘ How Does It Work? ’ versus ‘ What Are the Laws? ’: Two Conceptions of Psychological Explanation. ” In Explanation and Cognition, ed. |
| work_wciwx5u23vcrrllfvwzidbva3m | “ ‘ How Does It Work? ’ versus ‘ What Are the Laws? ’: Two Conceptions of Psychological Explanation. ” In Explanation and Cognition, ed. |
| work_ymncsnivn5bmlbzzluflbykxf4 | 3.2 Second order self- maintaining systems? |
| work_ymncsnivn5bmlbzzluflbykxf4 | How do they handle cross- generation functions? |
| work_ymncsnivn5bmlbzzluflbykxf4 | Is our organizational account able to account simultaneously for intra- and cross- generation functions? |
| work_ymncsnivn5bmlbzzluflbykxf4 | What Is “ Epi ” about Epigenetics? |
| work_ymncsnivn5bmlbzzluflbykxf4 | Why do cross- generation functions appear problematic? |
| work_xamvqfao4fggddankxgbtsg2c4 | --------( 1994), “ What Makes a Classical Concept Classical? |
| work_xamvqfao4fggddankxgbtsg2c4 | But since they do form an entangled pair, how is such a “ classical ” description possible? |
| work_xamvqfao4fggddankxgbtsg2c4 | How did Bohr get from entanglement to complementarity? |
| work_xamvqfao4fggddankxgbtsg2c4 | How, then, did the latter come to be taken as representing a unitary Copenhagen point of view whose author and chief advocate was supposed to be Bohr? |
| work_xamvqfao4fggddankxgbtsg2c4 | Subjectivity or Entanglement? |
| work_xamvqfao4fggddankxgbtsg2c4 | What to do? |
| work_xamvqfao4fggddankxgbtsg2c4 | Who Invented the “ Copenhagen Interpretation ”? |
| work_xamvqfao4fggddankxgbtsg2c4 | Why? |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | 227- 237] Can We Reduce Causal Direction to Probabilities? |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | 271- 279] What is Experimental about Thought Experiments? |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | 291- 301] Do Thought Experiments Have a Life of Their Own? |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | 333- 340] New Directions, Really? |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | 421- 429] Is Foundational Work in Mathematics Relevant to the Philosophy of Science? |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | 456- 464] What Has the History of Science to Say to the Philosophy of Science? |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | 482- 489 Copyright? |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | 482- 489] Is the History of Science Relevant to the Philosophy of Science? |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | 69- 78] Cognitive Ethology Communication and Cognition: Is Information the Connection? |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | 81- 91] Dogs That Do n''t Bark in the Night: How to Investigate the Lack of a Domain of Expertise? |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | Do the History of Science and the Philosophy of Science Have Anything to Say to Each Other? |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | The question, for the philosopher, though, is not"Do I know this language?" |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | What is the alternative- metaphysical or epistemological intuition? |
| work_xkgk36hsbnfdrca3bqldbf4rne | but"Am I smart?" |
| work_xcgq3mv7qjb5piktpei2v2m74m | 18 One might ask at this point: what explains the identity itself? |
| work_xcgq3mv7qjb5piktpei2v2m74m | 1956: ‘ Is Consciousness a Brain Process? ’, British Journal of Psychology 47( 1): 44- 50. |
| work_xcgq3mv7qjb5piktpei2v2m74m | But why exactly red? |
| work_xcgq3mv7qjb5piktpei2v2m74m | Do we infer that the fine structure constant necessarily takes on the same value in all the as- defined worlds? |
| work_xcgq3mv7qjb5piktpei2v2m74m | How do we know that a certain nomic pattern holds in the actual world, if this is so? |
| work_xcgq3mv7qjb5piktpei2v2m74m | One might ask at this point: What if we considered the set of all conceivable observers in all physical duplicates of the actual world? |
| work_xcgq3mv7qjb5piktpei2v2m74m | Where does all this leave us? |
| work_xcgq3mv7qjb5piktpei2v2m74m | Williamson, T. 2007: ‘ How probable is an infinite sequence of heads? ’, Analysis 67( 3): 173- 180. |
| work_xcgq3mv7qjb5piktpei2v2m74m | random distributions of phenomenal properties in physical duplicates of our world, how are we to know, probabilistically, that our world has NNP? |
| work_zmcyohkwtjfdpecuw7mtioo6fq | ?, December 2011. |
| work_zmcyohkwtjfdpecuw7mtioo6fq | Philosophy of Science, 78:??? –?? |
| work_zmcyohkwtjfdpecuw7mtioo6fq | Philosophy of Science, 78:??? –?? |
| work_zmcyohkwtjfdpecuw7mtioo6fq | Philosophy of Science, 78:??? –?? |
| work_zmcyohkwtjfdpecuw7mtioo6fq | Philosophy of Science, 78:??? –?? |
| work_zmcyohkwtjfdpecuw7mtioo6fq | Philosophy of Science, 78:??? –?? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | ( 1973) How Musical is Man? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | ( 2005) Are there critical periods for musical development? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | ( 2014) What is music? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | 29 What, then, is the answer to the more general question: is music primarily innate or learned? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | 5.1 Is Music Innate? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | Are these capacities domain- specific to musicality? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | Dissanayake, E.( 2008) If music is the food of love, what about survival and reproductive success? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | For instance, to what extent is the capacity to mimic heard sounds innate? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | How can perspectives from the humanities be integrated with quantified, scientific research? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | How, indeed, might evolutionary and aesthetic approaches be meshed? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | Huron, D.( 2001) Is music an evolutionary adaptation? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | Is there a definitive answer? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | Marcus, G. F.( 2012) Musicality: instinct or acquired skill? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | She asks, which psychological features allow humans to recognise rhythm? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | Tesoriero, M.& Rickard, N. S.( 2012) Music- enhanced recall: an effect of mood congruence, emotion arousal or emotion function? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | What about the capacity to entrain to a beat/ pulse? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | What is Music? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | Which evidence- streams bear on which research agendas? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | Which music- concepts are complementary and which are antagonistic? |
| work_tik2z3thqzdrjkohoij676irlm | Which music- concepts are employed, and by theorists of which disciplines? |
| work_zjavbbj23rffndd5b5a2zulg74 | Are the critics wrong? |
| work_zjavbbj23rffndd5b5a2zulg74 | How might this discrepancy between permanent and transient interventions be interpreted? |
| work_zjavbbj23rffndd5b5a2zulg74 | Is Water H20? |
| work_zjavbbj23rffndd5b5a2zulg74 | What is Revolutionary About Optogenetics? |
| work_zjavbbj23rffndd5b5a2zulg74 | and( 2) How might those errors be minimized? |
| work_zjavbbj23rffndd5b5a2zulg74 | “ Is the Next Frontier in Neuroscience a Decade of the Mind? ” In Brain Theory: Essays in Critical Neurophilosophy, ed. |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | Are not some ways of describing populations superior to others? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | But what about the macrolevel, the level of evolutionary processes in particular? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | Does relativizing the probability in this way mean that we are abandoning objective probability? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | In other words, does the model underlying the transition probability equation correspond to reality? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | In other words, which interpretation of probability is the most appropriate for evolutionary theory? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | Is any kind( any level or amount of specification) equally good, or is some way the most preferable? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | Is that indeterministic, also? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | Millstein, Roberta L.( 2000), ‘ ‘ Is the Evolutionary Process Deterministic or Indeterministic? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | Shall we say or shall we not say that this experiment is repeated if the penny is thrown to a height of 10 feet? ’ ’( 1967, 38). |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | So, then, are evolutionary probabilities objective in a realist sense? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | The question at hand is, how should we understand the probability used in both simple and complex transition probability equations? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | This, of course, raises the question: what kind of kind? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | Thus, the problem is not that there is no way to do it; the problem is, which way is the most preferable? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | What can we make of these different ways of character- izing propensity- kinds? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | What is meant by saying that a certain evolutionary change is more or less probable? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | What sense can be made of probabilities in evolutionary the- ory if the evolutionary process is deterministic? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | Which interpretations of probability in evolutionary theory are consis- tent with determinism and indeterminism? |
| work_urxdmypru5hvbfjcfm2olld4qu | Would a more complicated model be preferable? |
| work_ye72d6oaabalfm543uim4ly3di | Are we overstating the case, or is science embroiled in confusion? |
| work_ye72d6oaabalfm543uim4ly3di | But how can nonlinear models be so widely used if their predictive power is as limited as we say it is? |
| work_ye72d6oaabalfm543uim4ly3di | How exactly should nonprobability odds inform decision making? |
| work_ye72d6oaabalfm543uim4ly3di | Pre- sented with nonprobability odds, what decision rules should we apply? |
| work_ye72d6oaabalfm543uim4ly3di | So the question is, how can we use the infor- mation in a model without being too dramatically misled? |
| work_ye72d6oaabalfm543uim4ly3di | So the question is, how general are the effects we have discussed in the last section? |
| work_ye72d6oaabalfm543uim4ly3di | So what could the Freshman do to improve his interpretation of model simulations without trying to turn into a De- mon ðwhich he cannotÞ? |
| work_ye72d6oaabalfm543uim4ly3di | This raises the question, what conclusion we are to draw from the insight into the unreliability of models? |
| work_ye72d6oaabalfm543uim4ly3di | What is the payout for a winning bet? |
| work_ye72d6oaabalfm543uim4ly3di | measure would we chose? |
| work_ye72d6oaabalfm543uim4ly3di | “ What Are the New Implications of Chaos for Unpredictability? ” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 60:195–220. |
| work_ye72d6oaabalfm543uim4ly3di | “ What Might We Learn from Climate Forecasts? ” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 4:2487–92. |
| work_vdpy3wh3jreojlvnfr77ye35u4 | 2.- Which information? |
| work_vdpy3wh3jreojlvnfr77ye35u4 | 5.- Why is information not physical? |
| work_vdpy3wh3jreojlvnfr77ye35u4 | But what about() H D? |
| work_vdpy3wh3jreojlvnfr77ye35u4 | But, what does ‘ to inform ’ mean? |
| work_vdpy3wh3jreojlvnfr77ye35u4 | But, what is information? |
| work_vdpy3wh3jreojlvnfr77ye35u4 | Can we still say that a same amount of information can be better or worse codified? |
| work_vdpy3wh3jreojlvnfr77ye35u4 | Even accepting that information is not a substance, one can still ask about its existence: Does information exist? |
| work_vdpy3wh3jreojlvnfr77ye35u4 | If information is abstract because it is the type transmitted, and information can be measured, what is the measure of a type? |
| work_vdpy3wh3jreojlvnfr77ye35u4 | It is difficult to say in what sense a face of a dice and a light in a dash are tokens of a same type: which is the type in this case? |
| work_vdpy3wh3jreojlvnfr77ye35u4 | Moreover, if information is defined in terms of an ideal codification, what happens in the case of non- ideal codifications? |
| work_vdpy3wh3jreojlvnfr77ye35u4 | The question is: are these features sufficient to say that information is not physical? |
| work_vdpy3wh3jreojlvnfr77ye35u4 | There is, certainly, a previous question: what does it mean to be a physical item? |
| work_vdpy3wh3jreojlvnfr77ye35u4 | “ What is Information? ” Foundations of Science, 9: 105- 134. |
| work_xh4uzyqad5ayjnuqr3hvegkgua | Are Earman and Strocchi correct to define SSB as the existence of a symmetry which is not unitarily implementable? |
| work_xh4uzyqad5ayjnuqr3hvegkgua | But why could n’t the mathematical object W1 denote a different physical quantity in different representations? |
| work_xh4uzyqad5ayjnuqr3hvegkgua | Could the state ψM be physically equivalent to the rotated state R(ψM)? |
| work_xh4uzyqad5ayjnuqr3hvegkgua | Earman, John and John Norton( 1987), “ What Price Spacetime Substantivalism? |
| work_xh4uzyqad5ayjnuqr3hvegkgua | First: why should n’t all observables count as primitives? |
| work_xh4uzyqad5ayjnuqr3hvegkgua | Halvorson, Hans and Rob Clifton( 2001), “ Are Rindler quanta real? |
| work_xh4uzyqad5ayjnuqr3hvegkgua | Moreover, could the set of excited states reachable from ψM be physically equivalent to the states reachable from R(ψM)? |
| work_xh4uzyqad5ayjnuqr3hvegkgua | Nothing about conservatism about observables entails conservatism- about- states, so why does this result matter? |
| work_xh4uzyqad5ayjnuqr3hvegkgua | Second: why must our two theories agree about the correspondence between the mathematical Weyl operators and the primitive physical quantities? |
| work_xh4uzyqad5ayjnuqr3hvegkgua | What ground states( states of lowest energy) are possible for the ball? |
| work_xh4uzyqad5ayjnuqr3hvegkgua | What ’s so strange about this claim? |
| work_xh4uzyqad5ayjnuqr3hvegkgua | What ’s the upshot of all this? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | 14 Where do we look for this possible SUSY candidate? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | And how do we look for it? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | But is this standing in a relation of Representing- as- mapping sufficient to characterize the model of the Forth Bridge as a scientific model? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | But it does not help with the realist quest either( for what would a fictionalist say about it?). |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | But what could such a state of affairs be? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | But what would such an alternative, PIM- friendly theory of truth look like? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | For what is to be said about this plu- rality of allegedly representational models for the same target system? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | How do physicists build simplified models to search for neutralino pro- duction? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | How do we proceed? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | How does the argument for PIM go? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | How is the exclu- sion region determined? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | Is it a bunch of clustered nucleons? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | Is it a drop of incompressible nuclear fluid? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | Is the atomic nucleus a bunch of concentric shells? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | PERSPECTIVAL MODELING 351 search for such possible — so far only hypothetical — entities? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | The really interesting question is how do different models perform such a function? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | Then, what about the image of the Forth Bridge printed on a stamp? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | What does it mean for model M to represent system S “ in a particular way ”? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | What is the purpose of hav- ing alternative models? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | Where to draw the line be- tween objects that equally satisfy Representing- as- mapping relation but do not qualify as scientific models? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | Why do we need all these model points? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | Why would models whose primary function is exploratory even be eligible candidates for realism? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | Why? |
| work_ulegolobxjcv3mairhrhmtfuiq | Would they arise if the models were not interpreted as “ representing accu- rately ” in the sense described above? |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | After all, what counts as the numerical identity of a plurality of objects? |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | And if it is question of mathematical concepts, should one not distinguish between geometrical and numerical continuity? |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | Can one bridge it? |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | Does a model provide a foundation? |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | How? |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | Or does it just improve our understanding and suggest new means for educational programmes? |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | Secondly, how to think the link between a certainly fruitful model M and the bare reality, if ever we could have access to the ‘ bare reality ’? |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | Should one understand by ‘ continuous ’ and ‘ continuity ’ the common coarse con- cepts or more theoretical concepts? |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | Theoretical Project What is the theoretical aim of all those biological, neurophysiological and psychological studies? |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | To which extent can a highly sophisticated numerical model open the route to the origin of the human numerical ability? |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | Why should we analyse interactions between the brain/ mind and the environment in terms of origin and deterministic causality? |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | “ Can Young Infants Add and Subtract? ” Child Development 71: 1525–1534. |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | “ Does Subitizing Reflect Numerical Estimation? ” Psychological Science 19: 607–614. |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | “ How Abstract Is Arithmetic? ” In The Oxford Handbook of Numerical Cognition, edited by R. Cohen Kadosh and A. Dowker, 140–157. |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | “ Introduction: Inné fable? ” Intellectica 34: 11–28. |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | “ Is Vision Continuous with Cognition? |
| work_uagz3tszkrg6pcp33rmq6f33qy | “ Return of the Mental Image: Are There Really Pictures in the Brain? ” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7: 113–118. |
| work_z4f6qbm3yfaj5d7zz552bqm7je | Are b and c either independently or jointly more likely than a to be the reasons responsible for the survival of most theory parts? |
| work_z4f6qbm3yfaj5d7zz552bqm7je | Conservativeness or Truth? |
| work_z4f6qbm3yfaj5d7zz552bqm7je | How do we go about finding out whether a particular theory ’s descriptions are at least partially correct? |
| work_z4f6qbm3yfaj5d7zz552bqm7je | More carefully, since approximate truth may be a tall order, how do we ascertain whether a theory possesses at least some truth content? |
| work_z4f6qbm3yfaj5d7zz552bqm7je | What can the realist say on this matter? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | 227- 237] Can We Reduce Causal Direction to Probabilities? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | 271- 279] What is Experimental about Thought Experiments? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | 291- 301] Do Thought Experiments Have a Life of Their Own? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | 333- 340 Copyright? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | 333- 340] New Directions, Really? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | 421- 429] Is Foundational Work in Mathematics Relevant to the Philosophy of Science? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | 456- 464] What Has the History of Science to Say to the Philosophy of Science? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | 482- 489] Is the History of Science Relevant to the Philosophy of Science? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | 69- 78] Cognitive Ethology Communication and Cognition: Is Information the Connection? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | 81- 91] Dogs That Do n''t Bark in the Night: How to Investigate the Lack of a Domain of Expertise? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | A further task involves thinking about the interrelation of the standards discovered: Do they require further in- terpretation? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | Are some components of others? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | Are there additional constraints on scientif- ic practice that bear articulation? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | Are there more than one set? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | Do the History of Science and the Philosophy of Science Have Anything to Say to Each Other? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | How do they get exemplified in particular research programs? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | How do they get implemented in the laboratory? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | If so, what are the relations between them? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | In the discursive interac- tions among scientists thinking of themselves as feminists? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | Is this provisional distinction into for- mal, substantive, and practical useful or obfuscatory? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | To the first question, then: can we do philosophy of science without taking into ac- count the gender, race, and class of scientists? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | What can we say about the epistemic reliability in general of such a community? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | What might these standards be? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | What relation do they bear to virtues, goals, and standards advanced in other oppositional scientific communities? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | You might well say- what''s specifically feminist or gendered about these stan- dards? |
| work_tvcaw2qvi5ci7cn77t4xjnfwom | what would make it philoso- phy rather than sociology or anthropology or history? |
| work_zx7vuyqa7ngttekpen37ug2kcq | Does Λ represent such a property, and if so, is it reducible in a way that conforms to relationism? |
| work_zx7vuyqa7ngttekpen37ug2kcq | If such powers are not a sure sign that an entity possesses 8 energy, one might ask what basis we have for ascribing energy to material objects? |
| work_zx7vuyqa7ngttekpen37ug2kcq | Is a relationist reduction of this sort possible for Λ, and if so, how much is lost in the reduction? |
| work_zx7vuyqa7ngttekpen37ug2kcq | “ Absolute Versus Relational Space- Time: An Outmoded Debate? ” Journal of Philosophy 93: 279- 306. |
| work_zx7vuyqa7ngttekpen37ug2kcq | “ What Price Spacetime Substantival- ism? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | ( 1) What are the implications of this duality for translating concepts between T1 and T2? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | 13 3.2.1 Purely category- theoretic physics? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | 14 ∗raymond.lal@cs.ox.ac.uk †njywt2@cam.ac.uk 1 3.2.2 O- objects in category- theoretic physics? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | 3.2.1 Purely category- theoretic physics? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | 3.2.2 O- objects in category- theoretic physics? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | An answer to Hellman ’s question: Does category theory provide a framework for mathematical structuralism? ’. |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | But one should still ask: what is the notion of generality that lies behind these three points? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | But sup- posing that one does: is there a valid inference from G1–G3 to C? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | But what if the mathe- matical objects that we wish to discuss are themselves categories? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | Can Kock ’s theorem then be described as an example of( GenCat)? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | O- objects in category- theoretic physics? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | The definition of a monoid object here appears to be an instance of( GenCat) — to what extent is this appearance accurate? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | This raises the question: does the use of TQFTs in physics exemplify( GenCat)? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | What are categories good for? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | What does it mean to say that two mathematical objects are ‘ structurally the same ’? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | by claiming that the models of T ′ 2 have a conceptual or metaphysical priority?21 And what would such a ‘ downgrading ’ even amount to? |
| work_vl2lkllhlzgxvpaxvcsxhg5hja | the structure of the morphisms between objects) is the same in each category.30 What is the significance of translation? |
| work_zgvz3qr7ubeablvj6hkcpf2zt4 | 2 Analogs of Galileo ’s ship? |
| work_zgvz3qr7ubeablvj6hkcpf2zt4 | Are gauge symmetry transformations ob- servable? |
| work_zgvz3qr7ubeablvj6hkcpf2zt4 | Boundary- preserving? |
| work_zgvz3qr7ubeablvj6hkcpf2zt4 | Our framework classifies the various cases we have discussed as follows: 28 Theory Theoretical symmetries Symmetry group global or local? |
| work_zgvz3qr7ubeablvj6hkcpf2zt4 | What are the total- system symmetries of the theory? |
| work_zgvz3qr7ubeablvj6hkcpf2zt4 | What of the symmetries? |
| work_zgvz3qr7ubeablvj6hkcpf2zt4 | What, if anything, is the empirical significance of this third group of symme- tries? |
| work_zgvz3qr7ubeablvj6hkcpf2zt4 | Which subsystem states are compatible with environment states that satisfy( 1)–(3)? |
| work_zfe5ys7zljaqvbv7pc4sfxy6im | In R. McLaugh- lin, editor, What? |
| work_zfe5ys7zljaqvbv7pc4sfxy6im | Is Nature Deterministic? |
| work_zfe5ys7zljaqvbv7pc4sfxy6im | Is it true that every probability space can be embedded into another probability space which has exactly one atom? |
| work_zfe5ys7zljaqvbv7pc4sfxy6im | When can statistical theories be causally closed? |
| work_zfe5ys7zljaqvbv7pc4sfxy6im | When? |
| work_zfe5ys7zljaqvbv7pc4sfxy6im | Where? |
| work_zfe5ys7zljaqvbv7pc4sfxy6im | Why ask “ why? ”? |
| work_zfe5ys7zljaqvbv7pc4sfxy6im | Why ask “ why? ”? |
| work_zfe5ys7zljaqvbv7pc4sfxy6im | Why?, pages 193–209. |
| work_zcqcbotlwjgdtlqkvxpogorjoa | ! 17? |
| work_zcqcbotlwjgdtlqkvxpogorjoa | 0.2? |
| work_zcqcbotlwjgdtlqkvxpogorjoa | 0.2? |
| work_zcqcbotlwjgdtlqkvxpogorjoa | ? |
| work_zcqcbotlwjgdtlqkvxpogorjoa | ? |
| work_zcqcbotlwjgdtlqkvxpogorjoa | What could explain the difference between the case of local movement and the case of medium range movement? |
| work_zcqcbotlwjgdtlqkvxpogorjoa | x 0.1 0.1? |
| work_zcqcbotlwjgdtlqkvxpogorjoa | x 0.1 0.1? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | Are we seriously to suppose that Wittgenstein would have ‘ knuckled under ’ and submitted papers for publication in Mind? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | But could Frege at least be defended on the grounds that he has shed some light on the logical nature of arithmetical judgements? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | Can we guess what such a writer might say? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | Could it be making the research output of the UK worse instead of better? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | Could the same cause explain the higher death rate of patients in the first clinic? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | Does n’t this begin to suggest that the RAE may be quite unnecessary? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | Has the RAE improved philosophy in the UK? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | Has the philosophical output of the UK improved during these nearly 21 years? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | How would Wittgenstein have fared in a RAE conducted according to the existing rules? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | Now how can we say he was wrong about this? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | Now what happens under the RAE rules to academics who publish nothing? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | Suppose there had been a German RAE in the 1880s, how would Frege have done? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | Where along this scale will the majority of writers in 2037 be found? |
| work_xid7ih6zsffb7bszcqfccioduy | Wittgenstein was perhaps rather excessively reluctant to publish, but how can we condemn his strategy in general terms? |
| work_yzsj6wb6qngjbacgv62v7b6xg4 | ????) |
| work_yzsj6wb6qngjbacgv62v7b6xg4 | ????) |
| work_yzsj6wb6qngjbacgv62v7b6xg4 | ????) |
| work_yzsj6wb6qngjbacgv62v7b6xg4 | ????) |
| work_yzsj6wb6qngjbacgv62v7b6xg4 | ????). |
| work_yzsj6wb6qngjbacgv62v7b6xg4 | ????). |
| work_yzsj6wb6qngjbacgv62v7b6xg4 | ????). |
| work_yzsj6wb6qngjbacgv62v7b6xg4 | ????). |
| work_yzsj6wb6qngjbacgv62v7b6xg4 | ????). |
| work_yzsj6wb6qngjbacgv62v7b6xg4 | ????). |
| work_yzsj6wb6qngjbacgv62v7b6xg4 | ????). |
| work_yzsj6wb6qngjbacgv62v7b6xg4 | ????). |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | 8 vocabulary at issue? |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | As Lange([?] p. |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | But how do we do that? |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | But then the question arises: how do we make sense of the idea that mathematical claims contain physical information? |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | Huemer, M.[ 2009]: ‘ When is Parsimony a Virtue? ’, The Philosophical Quarterly, 59(235), pp. |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | Namely: why are the life- cycle lengths of the magicicada prime- numbered? |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | Peressini, A. F.[ 2010]: ‘ Numerical Analysis and Its( Invisible?) |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | Similarly, what is it for the premises of an argument to be relevant to their conclusion? |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | Steiner([?] p. |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | What exactly is the objection here? |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | What is informational containment? |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | What is it for the antecedent of a conditional to be relevant to its consequent? |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | What is semantic information metaphysically speaking? |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | Which theory is more likely to be true? |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | Why 500 and not 501? |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | Why? |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | Would M still contain some of the information that is contained within the explanandum P? |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | [ 1990]: ‘ What is Information? ’, in P. Hanson( ed. |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | [ 2005]: ‘ Are There Genuine Mathematical Explanations of Physical Phenomena? ’, Mind, 114(454), pp. |
| work_x2brr2bomvdclgxoms3lrkql5m | [ forthcoming]: ‘ Are There Non- Causal Explanations( of Particular Events)? ’, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | ( Carnap, 1967)) But how can we determine the structural content of a theory or a statement? |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | ( You say that these were not the Vienna Circle ’s achievements? |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | Der Wiener Kreis, 1929) Is the application of new logical methods in philosophy of science threatened by new misfortune? |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | Dynamic doxastic logic: Why, how, and where to?. |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | Have n’t we known this at least since the late 1960s or so when logical empiricism had finally died out? |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | Impossible? |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | Is it abductive logic? |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | Leitgeb, H. New Life for Carnap ’s Aufbau? |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | New Things and New Threats? |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | So perhaps inductive logic can be viewed as a logical description of the dynamics of neural networks? |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | Structural realism: The best of both worlds? |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | To give a more contentious example: how about building up a logical methodol- ogy for the humanities? |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | Why not develop a logical account of hermeneutics( see( Mantzavinos, 2005))? |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | Why not think about the logical dos or don’ts of, say, the introduction of literary concepts( such as ‘ Gothic novel ’)? |
| work_vb274whcsnazvcjiqe5gicde6m | You say: how can a dilemma such as the one described before constitute progress? |
| work_xyw5ml64h5dtzf5ycsfdbzxame | As we evacuate the receiver we become witnesses to sublime events, but where, precisely, lies their sublimity? |
| work_xyw5ml64h5dtzf5ycsfdbzxame | How could the normal distribution Quetelet had found be disassembled to allow a study of causes? |
| work_xyw5ml64h5dtzf5ycsfdbzxame | If there is regression, why does the distribution of heights stay the same? |
| work_xyw5ml64h5dtzf5ycsfdbzxame | Or, posing the question in Priestley''s terms: why is it that this experiment resembles not fiction but real history? |
| work_xyw5ml64h5dtzf5ycsfdbzxame | What is in the empty space above the column? |
| work_xyw5ml64h5dtzf5ycsfdbzxame | What is so spectacular about the spectacle of a bird that is deprived of air? |
| work_xyw5ml64h5dtzf5ycsfdbzxame | Why should Watt care whether the pulse glass was invented before or after his improvement on the steam engine? |
| work_xyw5ml64h5dtzf5ycsfdbzxame | the eyes are the windows of the soul? |
| work_z3nfx7qpojda7hzdakzlb77l2m | ? O Some probabilists will perhaps regard this as a particularly ten- uous form of realism, one that is perhaps not very far from antirealism. |
| work_z3nfx7qpojda7hzdakzlb77l2m | Does Maurice really have subjective probabil- ities, despite his claims, or does he not? |
| work_z3nfx7qpojda7hzdakzlb77l2m | Earman, John( 1992), Bayes or Bust? |
| work_z3nfx7qpojda7hzdakzlb77l2m | REPRESENTATION THEOREMS A N D REALISM 5 5 degrees of belief is"true"? |
| work_z3nfx7qpojda7hzdakzlb77l2m | What, then, about weak realism on strategy( I)? |
| work_z3nfx7qpojda7hzdakzlb77l2m | ~? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | But what, then, holds them all together as cases of induction? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | Did he mean universal and particular propositions? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | Did he mean we make multiple particular statements and draw from them one universal statement? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | How does, for example, a child form the concepts of home, loyalty, and fragile, and how do those concepts evolve as the child matures? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | In human cognition, does ampliation take place at the propositional level or the conceptual level? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | Indeed, should we? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | Is induction a logic of propositional inference, or is it a logic of classification? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | Now, are the scientists using an inductive method or a deductive one? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | Or did he mean particular things and universal kinds? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | Or did he mean we observe multiple particulars and group them to form one universal concept? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | Should we treat it as an induction? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | Should we treat this as an inference at all, even an incorrect one? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | What about “ Roses are red; Socrates is a man; therefore, goats are immortal ”? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | What if we accept Norton ’s attack on formal treatments but reject his view that we need to start from scratch? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | Why do we class them as such in the first place? |
| work_xquxy34frja4tmcbokhhpna5z4 | Would it not be more useful to say deductive, mathematical, and immediate are three kinds of certain inference? |
| work_ytgyloczibbqphnxbaq3kksggi | ( Is Crea- tion Science a Pseudoscience? |
| work_ytgyloczibbqphnxbaq3kksggi | ( Is Creation Science a Pseudoscience? |
| work_ytgyloczibbqphnxbaq3kksggi | ( Is Creation Science a Science? |
| work_ytgyloczibbqphnxbaq3kksggi | ( Is Creation Science a Science? |
| work_ytgyloczibbqphnxbaq3kksggi | ( Monkey Trial Again? |
| work_ytgyloczibbqphnxbaq3kksggi | ( Monkey Trial Again? |
| work_ytgyloczibbqphnxbaq3kksggi | But Is It Science? |
| work_ytgyloczibbqphnxbaq3kksggi | c o m. 16 Jang Dayk, ―Ch‘angjogwahak- ŭn Kacha Kwahak- in‘ga? |
| work_ytgyloczibbqphnxbaq3kksggi | ―Ch‘angjogwahak- ŭn Kacha Kwahak- in‘ga? |
| work_ytgyloczibbqphnxbaq3kksggi | ―Ch‘angjokwahak- ŭn Kwahagin‘ga? |
| work_ytgyloczibbqphnxbaq3kksggi | ―Wŏnsungi Chaep‘an Tasi Hal Kŏn‘ga? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | Are n’t all washers metal? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | Are these both clear? ” We pause to let the students affirm that the task and the stricture are clear. |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | Could n’t it be some kind of washer? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | Could the Box Project help us think about how to do this? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | Does fairness enter into any of these calculations? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | For the rest of the semester, each group is tasked with answering one question, and one question only: What is in the box? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | How do you know that ’s a Life Saver ™? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | If so, how much? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | Or there could be multiple boxes, some of whose contents are easier than others to discern.2 Unfair? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | Should the full sum be invested in whatever group is most able, best resourced( intellectually and materially), and most likely to get it right? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | The Box Project: A Public Benefit? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | What about the opposite pedagogical problem, a box that gets little or no attention? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | What is Kitcher ’s out- look for these core areas of philosophy? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | Why not hedge one ’s bet by giving some money to one of the long- shot groups? |
| work_xmptkfju5rboxphmjwmwomhprm | Would students question their paradigm of a hands- off( and truthful) professor? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | 1 Introduction 2 What Is( Group) Structural Realism? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | Can the structural realist provide some motivation for choosing the ‘ bottom ’ of the tower? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | Group Structural Realism 10 2.3 Accounting for Theory Change Can groups do a better job at surviving theory change than individual objects? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | Group Structural Realism 3 2 What Is( Group) Structural Realism? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | However, if our goal is to pick out what ’s metaphysically significant, this begs the question: removed with respect to what? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | If S is a structure, what is the status of the structure of S itself? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | Introduction What Is( Group) Structural Realism? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | Now, which of a cycling pair of group structures should the structural realist choose? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | Or, should she choose the second horn, and specify many or all of the higher structures? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | So we are faced with a dilemma: should the structural realist choose the first horn, and seek some way to specify which is the structure of interest? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | So why not take it all to be equally ‘ fundamental ’? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | So, why choose GSR over all these other options? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | That is, can one argue that G is more fundamental than Aut G and the other higher structures? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | Why not take this distinction between SO(3) and Aut SO(3) seriously? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | Why propose a structural realist hierarchy? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | is that inherent empowerment non- structural? |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | “ Structural realism: The best of two worlds? ” Dialectica 43:139–165. |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | “ The Structure, the Whole Structure and Nothing but the Structure? ” Philosophy of Science 73:560–570. |
| work_x25adkztareqdmoj26gbfezc44 | “ What is Structural Realism? ” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 29( 3): 409–424. |
| work_yurt6zjecrgudapbjpd7nzuxui | Furthermore, even if Muller and Saunders were successful in arguing for such a relation, what would it have to do with their set of observables( 10)? |
| work_yurt6zjecrgudapbjpd7nzuxui | Moreover, why should a single physical relation be identified by the set of observables in( 8) and not a monadic property about the system? |
| work_yurt6zjecrgudapbjpd7nzuxui | Or, why are not three distinct properties identified by the three distinct observables? |
| work_yurt6zjecrgudapbjpd7nzuxui | We know that there are emergent properties of the system, so why should some of these not be weakly discerning relations? |
| work_yurt6zjecrgudapbjpd7nzuxui | What is quantum mechanics trying to tell us? |
| work_yurt6zjecrgudapbjpd7nzuxui | What then is the relationship between this set of observables and Z−2 whereby the map becomes associated with a single physical relation? |
| work_yurt6zjecrgudapbjpd7nzuxui | Why then think that it does? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | 27 Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | As well, he conjectured that descriptions of complex objects are best handled by a mixture of state Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | But is this distinction enough? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | But what exactly is the nature of this additional quality or capacity? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Final version can be found in ‘ Studies in History and Philosophy of Science ’, 47( 2014), 51–59] Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | For example, how can feedback be distinguished from simple causal interaction? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | How can both patterns be complex? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | How can one particular pattern be complex in one situation, but simple in a different situation14? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | If one were to encounter such a vial in its mixed state on a table in an empty room, for example, we Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Interactivity may mean no more than inter- Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is it best to think of a junk heap as complex? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is robustness a trivial quality? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is robustness then simply another word for an identity condition shared by complex and non- complex entities alike? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is the morphological or structural account adequate in this case? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Is there a useful sense of complexity that can be extracted from various disciplinary senses? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | LLW, for instance, clearly identify internal, Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | On this account one could claim that the apparent complexity of a disorganized object Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Paul Taborsky 8 interaction as feedback not imply that complexity has already been read into the interpretation from the beginning? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Perhaps not, for an objection could run as follows: robustness is not just persistence though change, but a Is Complexity a Scientific Concept? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Special editors ’ introduction: What is complexity science? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | There is no doubt that a junk heap is disorganized, but can complexity really co- exist with( a large measure of) disorganization? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Thus, what is the result of our search for a general definition of complexity? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | What are scientific revolutions? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | What is a complex system? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | What is complexity science, really? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | What is complexity theory? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | What of the present study? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | What, if anything, ties all these diverse areas together? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | Yet, are structural notions enough? |
| work_ljiycs5tqnb7bgrmm7t2fnawni | — T. Kuhn, What are scientific revolutions? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | 304 Computing the Perfect Model: Why Do Economists Shun Simulation? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | Axtell, Robert( 2000), “ Why Agents? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | Do these arguments have substantial epistemic disadvantages compared to analyt- ical arguments? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | Exact Numbers or Exact Formulas? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | However, as Oreskes, Shrader- Frechette, and WHY DO ECONOMISTS SHUN SIMULATION? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | Is there something fishy about them qua proofs? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | WHY DO ECONOMISTS SHUN SIMULATION? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | WHY DO ECONOMISTS SHUN SIMULATION? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | WHY DO ECONOMISTS SHUN SIMULATION? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | WHY DO ECONOMISTS SHUN SIMULATION? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | WHY DO ECONOMISTS SHUN SIMULATION? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | WHY DO ECONOMISTS SHUN SIMULATION? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | WHY DO ECONOMISTS SHUN SIMULATION? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | WHY DO ECONOMISTS SHUN SIMULATION? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | WHY DO ECONOMISTS SHUN SIMULATION? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | What Is Wrong with Digital Proofs? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | Why do economists insist on these assumptions if they could be remedied using simulation? |
| work_xjs6qnqs4bc4fdvc73bf4qdtee | Wimsatt, William C.( 1981), “ Robustness, Reliability and Overdetermination ”, in Marilynn WHY DO ECONOMISTS SHUN SIMULATION? |
| work_z4vs4dnorvbbxc2p6kwqfix2kq | ( 1) How should we think of the quantum state represented by the wave- function? |
| work_z4vs4dnorvbbxc2p6kwqfix2kq | ( 2) How should we think of the particle degrees of freedom of the theory? |
| work_z4vs4dnorvbbxc2p6kwqfix2kq | ( 3) How should we understand the role of the probability distribution p associated with the wave- function? |
| work_z4vs4dnorvbbxc2p6kwqfix2kq | 14 Gordon Belot What should one make of all this? |
| work_z4vs4dnorvbbxc2p6kwqfix2kq | But can inequivalent ψ(t) and φ( t) be mapped to the same Xt by B? |
| work_z4vs4dnorvbbxc2p6kwqfix2kq | In: Saunders S, Barrett J, Kent A, Wallace D( eds) Many Worlds? |
| work_z4vs4dnorvbbxc2p6kwqfix2kq | That is, does the dispositionalist interpretation individuate( histo- ries of) quantum states in a non- standard fashion? |
| work_yuhttmrpgfh2jo67xwhrsmrfly | Another question one may ask is, why is evolutionary theory statistical? |
| work_yuhttmrpgfh2jo67xwhrsmrfly | Does this mean that probabilities are rendered epistemic in cases where there are hidden variables? |
| work_yuhttmrpgfh2jo67xwhrsmrfly | Graves, Leslie, Barbara L. Horan, and Alexander Rosenberg( 1999),"Is Indeterminism the Source of the Statistical Character of Evolutionary Theory? |
| work_yuhttmrpgfh2jo67xwhrsmrfly | How are these rather strong claims, which most practicing biologists would probably reject, justified? |
| work_yuhttmrpgfh2jo67xwhrsmrfly | S1-S12] Is Structural Realism Possible? |
| work_yuhttmrpgfh2jo67xwhrsmrfly | S13-S24] Are Realism and Instrumentalism Methodologically Indifferent? |
| work_yuhttmrpgfh2jo67xwhrsmrfly | S345-S357] Can the Bundle Theory Save Substantivalism from the Hole Argument? |
| work_yuhttmrpgfh2jo67xwhrsmrfly | S371-S381] Quantum Gravity Why Quantize Gravity( Or Any Other Field for That Matter)? |
| work_yuhttmrpgfh2jo67xwhrsmrfly | S493-S505] Science and Values: Are Value Judgments Always Irrelevant to the Justification of Scientific Claims? |
| work_yuhttmrpgfh2jo67xwhrsmrfly | S519-S530] Can a Historian of Science Be a Scientific Realist? |
| work_yuhttmrpgfh2jo67xwhrsmrfly | So why do population genetics equations not relate causes to their effects? |
| work_yuhttmrpgfh2jo67xwhrsmrfly | What about evolutionary theory? |
| work_zxaleptnwndhjcni2rmqrqo7f4 | A Condition to Disallow Holes? |
| work_zxaleptnwndhjcni2rmqrqo7f4 | But how should one revise? |
| work_zxaleptnwndhjcni2rmqrqo7f4 | But what is this class? |
| work_zxaleptnwndhjcni2rmqrqo7f4 | Might hole- freeness or inextendibility ðor their conjunctionÞ be the condition we are looking for? |
| work_zxaleptnwndhjcni2rmqrqo7f4 | Stepping back, one may ask: what justifies the use of epistemic hole- freeness? |
| work_zxaleptnwndhjcni2rmqrqo7f4 | What about other “ physically reasonable ” space- times? |
| work_zxaleptnwndhjcni2rmqrqo7f4 | What is the relationship between naked singularities and epistemic holes? |
| work_zxaleptnwndhjcni2rmqrqo7f4 | What is the relationship between the three conditions? |
| work_zxaleptnwndhjcni2rmqrqo7f4 | “ Is Spacetime Hole- Free? ” General Relativity and Gravitation 41:1639–43. |
| work_zxaleptnwndhjcni2rmqrqo7f4 | “ What Is a Physically Reasonable Spacetime? ” Philosophy of Science 78:410–20. |
| work_y7mvjwp5kjdubeknzgj27nz2ba | 410 What Is a Physically Reasonable Space- Time? |
| work_y7mvjwp5kjdubeknzgj27nz2ba | After all, why should one extension be preferred over another? |
| work_y7mvjwp5kjdubeknzgj27nz2ba | But how does one justify such a position? |
| work_y7mvjwp5kjdubeknzgj27nz2ba | But, do we know that all physically reasonable space- times possess these properties? |
| work_y7mvjwp5kjdubeknzgj27nz2ba | In other words, for which sets of global properties will the fol- � lowing statement be true? |
| work_y7mvjwp5kjdubeknzgj27nz2ba | In particular, if con- � tains hole- freeness* or global hyperbolicity, does the underdetermination result fall apart? |
| work_y7mvjwp5kjdubeknzgj27nz2ba | Should we cling to inextendibility at the expense of other de- sirable space- time properties? |
| work_y7mvjwp5kjdubeknzgj27nz2ba | What Is a Physically Reasonable Space- Time? |
| work_y7mvjwp5kjdubeknzgj27nz2ba | What about other properties thought to be characteristic of physically reasonable space- time? |
| work_y7mvjwp5kjdubeknzgj27nz2ba | Which global properties can be assumed while maintaining the underdetermination of space- time struc- ture? |
| work_y7mvjwp5kjdubeknzgj27nz2ba | when She could just as well have carried on? ” Others use similar reasoning( see Penrose 1969, 253; Clarke 1976, 17). |
| work_y7mvjwp5kjdubeknzgj27nz2ba | “ Can We Know the Global Structure of Spacetime? ” Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 40:53–56. |
| work_y7mvjwp5kjdubeknzgj27nz2ba | “ Is Spacetime Hole- Free? ” General Relativity and Gravitation 41:1639–43. |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | ( For example: Should a scientist be more like an industrialist, a sage, a divine, an artist, or an entrepreneur?) |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | ( Is a highly hybridized rose still a rose, a rose?) |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | 116 FOCUS — ISIS, 99: 1( 2008) historical conditions establish the acceptable forms of knowledge generation( historical epistemology)? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | And if case studies are the paving stones, where does the path lead? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | Are they natural kinds because they have a place on the periodic table — are they, indeed, quintessentially natural kinds by analogy with gold( 79)? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | But this appropriation of doubt, this use of doubt as a weapon, raises difficult questions for HPS: What is controversy? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | Correspondingly, how — historically — do certain objects come into exis- tence( historical ontology)? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | Does the artificial/ natural status of an entity like this new tubercular bacterium change because it is of recent and human- inflected origin? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | How has this notion shifted from the pure and mixed mathematics of the Greeks to the Bourbaki rejection of mathematics- as- structure? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | How — historically, ethnologically, but also and importantly ethically — ought we analyze the production of fabricated fundamentals? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | In short: What is context, and how does a contextual explanation work? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | Is a contextual explanation as weak as saying that the surround offers “ resources ” taken up by the scientists we are studying? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | Is a modified, self- reproducing nano- scale circuit artificial or natural? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | Is an ear of genetically modified corn or Dolly, the cloned sheep, “ unnatural ”? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | Is it possible to write a history and philosophy of science in which the story told truly is historicist? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | Or perhaps the problem should be stated the other way around: Problem 9b: Escape from History? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | Or that a proof is valid even though it is based on a simulation or a computer- aided procedure? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | Should we be able to produce molar quantities of atom- scale transistors, would they be described as a natural or an artificial kind? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | So, then, to a more normative kind of inquiry, the onto- ethical aspect of these new basic things: Problem 5: What Should We Make? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | That is, can there be a history with no transcendental “ theory package ” that escapes historicization? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | This then leads to a hard question: What does it mean to aim for exemplification without typicality? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | What counted( and what counts) as purity in logic, in physics, in chemistry, in biology? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | What do these quasi- natural kinds mean for discussions about what we should be making and modifying? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | What does the microhistorian not see? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | What if we ca n’t lean on the crutch of a pre- established philosophical framework into which the history is inserted? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | What if we can no longer invoke Wittgenstein or Kuhn or Peirce as the scaffolding on which historical detail is to be pitched? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | What is purity? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | What is scientific doubt in a world where it can no longer be treated purely as an offshoot of this or that scientist ’s research? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | What kind of explanation is involved in the microhistorical enterprise? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | What stands as the opposite of pure science and how has “ impurity ” changed? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | What, we can ask, is the politics of these new technologies? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | Why? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | Within HPS, this has been historicized to produce a set of questions related to Problem 1( What Is Context?) |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | Would there be, in principle, a residue? |
| work_leozt7gjingazhzrajzlhfk7a4 | in the social sciences, see Robert N. Proctor, Value- Free Science? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | 11 Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, ‘ Can quantum mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? ’, Phys. |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | 25 How can philosophers contribute to this debate? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | 47(10), 777 – 780( 1935); Niels Bohr, ‘ Can quantum mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? ’, Phys. |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | And how can philosophers help with this question? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | And if it does not fall upon philosophers of science to at least talk about such matters in public discourse, who should the task fall upon? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | And why does it matter to science? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | But has not the history of science taught us some lesson there, my historian colleagues would hasten to correct me? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | But what is progress in science? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | But who does? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | Do dark- matter- free rivals have the same ability of LCDM to model structure formation across scales? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | Do hybrid proposals that have recently been put forward to achieve the best of both worlds in this debate have genuine predictive novelty? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | Does LCDM have the power to explain BTF as opposed to retrieve data? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | Has science made enough progress? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | How are we going to measure whether scientific progress has been made in particular areas and on particular targets? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | How can we be genuinely realist in believing that science aims at truth while at the same time being pluralist about science? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | How can we be sure that the same fate will not fall upon our Standard Model in high- energy physics 200 years down the line? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | How do women ’s roles in rural communities change as a result of introducing technologies? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | How to interpret the numerical values of the Bayes factor R? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | In an era of increasing specializations, what is the value of crossing disciplinary boundaries? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | Is not science subject to scientific revolutions and dramatic conceptual changes as Thomas Kuhn emphasized in the 1960s? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | Is this use of technology liberating? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | Or better, as the title of this lecture suggests, why does philosophy of science matter to science? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | Or is it fostering further inequalities? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | Should taxpayers ’ money be spent on research programmes that have not made enough progress on target objectives? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | Should we keep investing money to build larger and more sensitive colliders that might be able to detect BSM particles? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | So how to think about scientific progress? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | So where does the evidence for dark matter come from? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | THE ROLE OF PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE WITHIN INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH What good is philosophy for science? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | What causes aggressive behaviour? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | What could be done to prevent it? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | What good can philosophy of science do for science? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | What good, then, is interdisciplinary research today? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | What is dark matter, for example? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | What is the just distribution of technology in developing countries? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | What is the underlying thread that binds these seemingly very diverse research interests and for which I am receiving an award tonight? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | What use is it for us? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | Who is benefiting from it? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | Why should philosophy of science be any different from archaeology, history or anthropology? |
| work_q6vn6fzqbzh6xakhcpc3kvl64q | Why spend more money on fundamental research? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | 3 Six problems with explaining normal conditions What is a law( statement)? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | 395 What is a variable X in our context? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | 9 What have we achieved? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | After all, is n’t science primarily the search for truth? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | Among the actual F ’s? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | Among the counterfactual F ’s? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | And what might be the source of its alleged ability to succeed where the search for truth conditions fails? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | But are all of the former zi normal according to( 17)? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | But does such a statistics make sense? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | But how to constrain counterfactuality here? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | Can we duplicate it in our simple learning model? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | Could this be the limit of the relative frequency of G ’s among F ’s? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | Equal to what? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | First, how does it fare with respect to the four basic problems of section 2? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | For instance, what is the statistics for the conditions under which springs behave according to Hooke ’s law? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | How does this help in finding the weakest normal or, respectively, exceptional condition? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | If N is normal, should N be not normal? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | If this is not simply a careless use of the definite article, what could it mean? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | Is Hooke ’s law at bottom a statistical law? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | Is there such a way? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | Should we therefore weaken exceptionality* and define E to be exceptional if κ(E)> 0? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | So, do N* and E* deserve to be called the normal and the exceptional condition? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | So, maybe the statistical probability rather is the propensity of F ’s being G? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | So, which beliefs does a cp claim( about a single case) express? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | The crucial issue now is this: how do we learn and revise the initial κ0? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | Thus, the issue “ Which factual claim is associated with a cp statement? ” is a peculiarly mixed affair. |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | What does it say is the meaning of cp laws, if not a truth condition? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | What does statistical probability mean here? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | What is it supposed to mean? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | What is the hypothesis maintained in κ? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | What is the upshot of( 25)? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | What is ‘ Normal ’? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | What, though, are normal conditions? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | Where does the initial credit, the initial conjecture of the hypothesis come from? |
| work_txeipm4oondyjpcpscdu4hzoha | Who ’s Afraid of Ceteris Paribus Laws? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | ( 2) How do we know what are the alternatives to h and which alternatives of a potentially infinite set of possible alternatives to consider? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | ( 3) How are alternative hy- potheses eliminated? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | ( 4) How is the infinite regress in definition S- i* stopped? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | Among other things, the paradigm seems to raise more questions than it answers: What are the supposedly ‘ pragmatic criteria ’? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | And how do we know what is to be included( as evidence) if there ’s no standard against which to judge? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | How do we know what is to be included as evidence( in the sense of support) in the assessment of a hypothesis? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | In what sense are h 0, h 00, h 000, and so on, alternatives to h? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | Just how ‘ diverse ’ does it have to be? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | Now that I have articulated the latter, what can we say about the relation between the two? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | Second, how can the success of other methods( those that are not intrinsically re- liable) be explained with reference to the basic methods? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | So if our evidential statement e 5 “ X, Yare correlated, ” is e true or false? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | What about the second issue? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | What is a diverse ‘ body ’ of evidence? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | Why a study that records gender- and age- specific patterns in mortality data? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | Why demographic trends? |
| work_yhfrutxxrfejlhnjicl4kw4kxu | “ Are RCTs the Gold Standard? ” BioSocieties 2( 2): 11–20. |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | Are all examples representative of the whole group, sufficient in number, credible to the audience? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | Are qualifiers( usually, to a great extent) used appropriately? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | Are sources of testimony credible to the audience? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | Are statistics up to date, free of built- in bias, from a reliable source, used in context of other relevent statistics? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | Backing( Fact, statistics, expertise, reasons, assurances) ● Are antithetical claims and their warrants acknowledged? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | Discussion of learning activity outcomes Once they have stated the problem, where does the student go from here? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | Expanding the use of empiricism in nursing: can we bridge the gap between knowledge and clinical practice? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | Is it made clear under what circumstances, for whom, to what extent, etc, the claim implies? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | Is the relevance of each warrant to the claim substantiated by a specific evidence- based explanation? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | McGee G.( Editorial) Will bioethics take the life of philosophy? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | What other kind of warrant( generalization, sign, authority, cause, analogy, etc) is implied or stated? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | What principles( legal, functional, esthetic, moral, ethical, etc) are implied or stated for the claim? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | Where do we learn the skills necessary to foster this kind of critical thinking in our professional communications? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | ● Does the claim follow logically from the grounds and warrant? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | ● Is evidence inconsistent with the claim akcnowledged? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | ● Is the claim one of fact, value, or policy? |
| work_y56bpwglvffkvom3yrwsyx4nxe | ● Is the evidence relevant to the claim? |
| work_zwifdhjuovfcjfrjmcfqsybuo4 | 1 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 7+ � 9>? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | In what sense is this theory normative? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | 312 I&? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | Does 777 occur in the decimal expansion of n? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | For me, when is a proposition possible? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | He has to allow for the high cost of metatheoretic thinking? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | How does a calculation cost? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | How should our model of the binary bettor allow for the cost of thinking? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | If a man knows both p and p 3 q, does he not thereby know q as well? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | Is it possible to improve the theory in this respect, making allowance within it for the cost of thinking, or would that entail paradox? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | Is slightly more realistic personal probability inathematically weak? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | Might not the weaker theory be less good at detecting blunders? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | SLIGHTLY MORE REALISTIC PERSONAL PROBABILITY[ 4] Courant, R., What is Mathematics? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | Should he in- vest in finding out his best object strategy, or would it b e cheaper to gamble blindly? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | Since the assumption seems never to b e stated explicitly in the classic personalist studies, how dare I say it is needed? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | The question is, shall I find out what I can? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | We can surely insist that we do some logic: does not the slightly more realistic theory excuse a man from any cogent reasoning whatsoever? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | What about logic? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | What about the Dutch Book argument? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | What are the closure conditions of knowledge? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | What are the objects of personal probability? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | What does he know? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | Why can not the personalist do the same, as Lindley does in his own recent book[ 15]? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | Why then introduce it? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | Yet knowledge must surely have some closure conditions? |
| work_xvcjgrz6ifc4zlwc52w6b3hhkq | and King''s Cross on the Picadilly or on the Circle line?" |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | 19 Ceci éclaire le titre de l’un des ouvrages de Jean- Louis Le Moigne: Les Epistémologies constructivistes, Que sais- je?, n ° 2969, 1995. |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | 41 que l’on réponde à la question « pourquoi tel phénomène se rencontre- t- il là et pas ailleurs? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | ? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Alors à quoi bon? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | BRUNET, Roger, « Les nouveaux aspects de la recherche géographique: rupture ou raffinement de la tradition? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Chacun des sous- systèmes joue- t- il ce rôle fondateur de système spatial? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | C’est même cette dimension de localisation qui fonde la spécificité( la légitimité institutionnelle?) |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | De qui? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | De quoi s’agit- il? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | De quoi? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | En bref, comment traduire cette conception « énergétique » en données empiriques? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Est- ce empiriquement satisfaisant? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Est- il pertinent de considérer un département comme un système économique? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Et dans quel contexte? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Et de quels supports( qualitatifs? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Illégal? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | L''espace posséderait des caractéristiques propres, non neutres quant à la( re)-production du système, l’érigeant en enjeu( en protagoniste?) |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | La nature des systèmes Qu''est- ce qu''un système? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Le systémisme serait- il mort, et dès lors caduc? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Le systémiste cohérent est- il forcément constructiviste? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Légal? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | L’Arménie est- elle seulement la république post- soviétique située en Transcaucasie qui porte ce nom? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Mais comment le démontrer? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Mais de quoi s’agit- il exactement? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Mais quelle est cette sorte de connaissance totalisante que R. Brunet appelle de ses vœux? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Mais quelles activités? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Ou comme un système tout court? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Peut- il alors servir à quelque chose? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Peut- on encore envisager la viticulture de cette région comme une réponse a- capitaliste? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Pour plus de détails je vous renvoie au petit livre d’Allan Chalmers, Qu’est- ce que la science? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Pour quel type de relations l’échelle des régions administratives peut- elle avoir du sens? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Pour qui n’a pas le temps de lire énormément, le « Que sais- je? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Que faut- il entendre par là? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Que se passe- t- il alors? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Quel effet global? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Quelques « modèles de systèmes », collationnés dans le Que sais- je? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Qui a peur? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Qu’est- ce qui peut fonder cette idée d’une « autonomie de l''espace »? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | Tout se complique lorsqu’un mot — système —, assez banal et d’usage vernaculaire8, est utilisé comme emblème( comme « étiquette »?) |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | les hiérarchies urbaines? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | les identités collectives? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | les langues utilisées? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | les systèmes relationnels? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | ou la région plus vaste dans laquelle les populations de langue et de culte arméniens sont en forte proportion? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | peut- elle se prévaloir? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | peut- il être modélisé comme système? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | quantitatifs?) |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | « Que sais- je? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | « Que sais- je? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | « Que sais- je? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | « Que sais- je? |
| work_igiae7t62beitil5y2god44tye | À propos du livre de Jacques Scheibling, Qu’est- ce que la géographie? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | ( Todorov 1984) How is such a distortion of history managed? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | 227- 237] Can We Reduce Causal Direction to Probabilities? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | 271- 279] What is Experimental about Thought Experiments? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | 291- 301] Do Thought Experiments Have a Life of Their Own? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | 311- 319 Copyright? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | 333- 340] New Directions, Really? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | 421- 429] Is Foundational Work in Mathematics Relevant to the Philosophy of Science? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | 456- 464] What Has the History of Science to Say to the Philosophy of Science? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | 482- 489] Is the History of Science Relevant to the Philosophy of Science? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | 69- 78] Cognitive Ethology Communication and Cognition: Is Information the Connection? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | 81- 91] Dogs That Do n''t Bark in the Night: How to Investigate the Lack of a Domain of Expertise? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | ?______. |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | Do I exaggerate? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | Do the History of Science and the Philosophy of Science Have Anything to Say to Each Other? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | Harding, S.( 1991), Whose Science? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | Must each culture be doomed only to thrash around within its historically relative set of local biases? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | Pickering 1992) How should/ could Western philosophers of science respond to the postcolonial challenges? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | Sciences in Global History What are the major themes in these writings? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | What happened to the scientific traditions of that civilization? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | Whose Knowledge? |
| work_yiofg3ounja3bhhlauhrxk4gaa | Why was it Europeans alone who could make use of that available residue? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | ( 1998),"Black Box Inference: When Should an Intervening Variable be Postu- lated? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | ( 2'') Do lower- level laws of the form"if Ai then Bi"explain the higher- level law"if P then Q"? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | .. or Bn"? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | 542- 564] Can Scientific Development and Children''s Cognitive Development Be the Same Process? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | But are the macro- dimensions necessary, if we hold fixed the micro- properties? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | Churchland, Paul( 1982),"Is''Thinker''a Natural Kind? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | Earman, John( 1992), Bayes or Bust?. |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | Even if laws can not be disjunctive, why does the above derivation fail to explain why"if P then Q"is a law? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | How are we to explain why this person has that disease? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | How would the argument be affected by assuming that P and Q are probabilistically related, and that the Ai and the Bi are too? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | However, what does it mean for a proposition to be disjunctive, given that the same proposition can be expressed by different sentences? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | If the Ai''s are known to cause Q, should one postulate a variable( P) that the Ai''s cause, and which causes Q? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | Is physics causally complete in the sense defined? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | That is, are we prepared to affirm the fol- lowing counterfactual? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | The latter is simply a matter of taste do we want more details or fewer? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | What consequences follow from this concerning reductionism? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | What does multiple realizability mean? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | What is the explanation? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | What makes a more general( more invariant) explanation objectively better than one that is less? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | Where am I going wrong? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | Why think that the physical facts that obtain at a given time determine all the nonphysical facts that obtain at that time? |
| work_wmvqxiemyvedjejgtvbyellgpq | Why, then, is this derivation not an explanation of the higher- level law? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | 15 to include in Symm in order for the inference to be correct? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | 16 Why does this follow? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | Although knowledge of objective chance is a staple of probability toy examples, how often do we come by such knowledge in real life? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | And after having observed n flips, what is your credence that the coin will come up heads on the( n+ 1)th flip? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | Are there any legitimate constraints on unconditional prior credence assign- ments? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | But does it support a unique imprecise credence, or are there multiple permissible imprecise credences? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | But how might our imprecise Bayesian accommodate this datum? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | But this brings us back to the same problem: how can the imprecise Bayesian reduce her imprecision with respect to these physical theories? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | For each urn i, what credence should you have in the proposition Bi that a marble drawn at random from that urn will be black? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | How can we determine which partition is appropriate? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | How many credence functions must we include in our credal state before we can be said to be faithful to our evidence? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | If the prior credal state is a fiction, what kind of a fiction is it? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | Now, the question is: how often are we in a position to conditionalize on propositions about such symmetries? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | On what grounds can we then say that it does n’t also support some precise credences? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | What credence should we have in the proposition H, that it will come up heads on the first flip? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | What is your credence C(H1) that the outcome of the first flip will be heads? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | Where does this leave us? |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | [ 2007]: ‘ Deterministic chance? ’, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 58(2), pp. |
| work_yrwuw7mrqbcgpm3h3jz7fvol5q | — — — — —[ unpublished]: ‘ Staying Regular? ’ Hill, B. |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | And to what extent? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | Biddle- Antiscience Zealotry? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | How can systematic reviews of scientific articles arrive at such diverse conclusions? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | If so, how? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | Is Health and Safety the Only Relevant Criterion? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | Is a Little Pollution Good for You? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | Is it impermissible to evaluate GMOs according to a broad range of criteria? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | Is it required that GMOs be evaluated according to a narrow conception of risks? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | These impediments raise a series of important questions, such as: Have patent licenses on GM crops impacted research activity? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | “ Antiscience Zealotry ”? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | “ Can Patents Prohibit Research? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | “ Do GM Crops Increase Yield? ” Available at< http://www.monsanto.com/newsviews/pages/do-gm-crops-increase-yield.aspx>. |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | “ Do Genetically Modified Crops Affect Animal Reproduction? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | “ Do Seed Companies Control GM Crop Research? ” Scientific American. |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | “ Fact and Value. ” In Value- Free Science? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | “ GMOs? |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | “ How Safe Does Transgenic Food Need to Be? ” Nature Biotechnology 31: 794- 802. |
| work_yizjdtsfpngldk3tpbpgeazm2q | “ Public Misunderstanding of Science? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | 307 Are Homologies( Selected Effect or Causal Role) Function Free? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | And does he also agree that selection history( i.e., what there was selection for, and not only what is apt for future selection) is? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | Are Homologies( Selected Effect or Causal Role) Function Free? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | But two further questions of clarification arise: Does he also agree that selection is important in classifying( historical) ho- mologous traits? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | Is there some resemblance that they share in virtue of being flippers? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | Is there, then, some re- semblance that they share in virtue of being wings? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | We must then ask, What is a forelimb? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | What Is Wrong with Functionalist Revanchism? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | What is a flipper? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | What is a wing? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | What is wrong with this claim, according to Grififths? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | What of vestigial wings? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | When can a judgment of biological similarity avoid making recourse to selected effects altogether? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | Why take this extraordinary view? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | Why would biologists, who are after all so very concerned with adaptation and adaptations, among other things, not want a taxonomy of adaptations? |
| work_vc2qa6ocwfd2nc7eux7ysmhwfi | — — —( 2009), “ In What Sense Does ‘ Nothing Make Sense Except in the Light of Evolu- tion ’? ”, Acta Biotheoretica 57: 11–32. |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | 15Why is Huemer assigning probability s to S instead of a probability 1/2, given that the partition{ S,∼S} involves two hypotheses? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | 4 Aid from symmetry considerations? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | 6 skeptic grant this assumption? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | 9What about van Fraassen ’s cube factory example? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | Another possibility worth considering: could the inductivist try to apply the PI to some yet more basic explanatory level? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | But why not instead apply the PI to partition P4? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | But why should we use P(Ai+1|Ui,∼S) to calculate P(Ui|∼S)? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | Does Ui make Ai+1 more probable? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | Given just this information, what is the probability that the lamp is on? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | How can the objective Bayesian settle the question of whether the laws are deter- ministic, probabilistic, or Humean? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | How should we assign the initial probabilities s and t? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | Hue- mer has appealed to the EPP to sort out partitions before; might the EPP support{ S,∼S} over{ S1,S2,S3} in the current case? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | So, in treating these hypotheses as on a par, is n’t the symmetry constraint giving the wrong result? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | The skeptic has rational grounds to ask: why not assign prior probabilities according to a partition( like{ S1,S2,S3}) on which P(Ai+1|Ui)= P(Ai+1)? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | What about Huemer ’s partition: is{ S,∼S} symmetric? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | What is the probability that a red marble was drawn? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | What is the probability that the card is the three of clubs? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | What is the probability, on this information, that the brain is in pain? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | What would a symmetric partition across the level of possible probabilistic laws look like? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | Which partition is correct? |
| work_yb6rpcvbkfax7i26glea3kzkpa | Would Direct Realism Resolve the Classical Problem of Induc- tion? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | 302- 319] Discussion A Mistake in Dynamic Coherence Arguments? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | 320- 328 Copyright? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | A Mistake in Dynamic Coherence Arguments? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | Does it show that rationality requires coherence at all costs? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | Does the foregoing show that conditioning is the only coherent way to ever update one''s probabilities? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | Is it a better motivated conception of dynamic coherence? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | Might it be that the cunning bettor''s strategy described would have to be sequentially irra- tional? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | Philosophy of Science Association A Mistake in Dynamic Coherence Arguments? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | Sequential Analysis 1: A Mistake in the Dynamic Coherence Ar- gument? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | Sequential Analysis 2: A Mistake in the Mistake? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | Sequential Analysis 3: What Makes the Cunning Bettor Tick? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | What about the change from prl to pr2? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | What differences does it make? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | Why did the cunning bettor adopt a strategy of staying around if the bookie decided not to bet today? |
| work_znzksnn44rekpcgbsiy6u2echu | Why is it assumed that the cunning bettor will just go home if the bookie refuses to bet today? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | A parcel of chemicals nutritious for frogs? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | All of the above? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | But how can we individuate trait types? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | Frog food? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | How can this proposal deal with the cases that are problematic for the etiological approach? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | How can we explain malfunctioning in this framework? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | How can we then possibly give a plausible theory of function? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | Is it a fly? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | Or, have we? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | Small dark and moving food? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | Something small, dark, and moving? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | The question then is this: how can we explain the relation be- tween this mental state and what it is about? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | To use the eternal example in this literature, when the frog snaps at a fly, what is the content of its mental state? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | What is it that happens in be- tween? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | What makes hearts dif- ferent from non- hearts? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | What mediates between sensory input and motor output? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | What properties do pragmatic representations represent objects as hav- ing? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | What representations make it possible for you to grab this apple? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | Why is the Problem of Stupid Actions a problem for my version of teleo- semantics? |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | “ Do We Perceive Apples as Edible? ” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 92:305–22. |
| work_yp5gzwumgjf5jcz4bsj5yknjly | “ Symmetry between the Intentionality of Minds and Machines? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | ( ii) What was the explanation of gravity? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | 2. Who among the following was not a contemporary of Newton? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | 2. Who was this ‘ martyr ’? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | And why is it considered as beautiful? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Briefly describe the Tigris- Euphrates Civilization? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Can first person experiences like emotions, desires, beliefs, etc., be measured? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Describe and compare the Indus Valley and the early Chinese Civilization? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Describe the Nile Valley Civilization? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Does it deserve so much funding and support compared to other priorities? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Genetically modified food: boon or bane? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | How can we expect their scientific work to be uncontaminated? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | How closely cane the methods of natural sciences be adopted to psychological studies? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | How do physicians explain disease? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | How do we differentiate one species from another? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | How does science ‘ explain ’ something? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | How does the methodology of modern science differ from that of the ancient? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | How does ‘ natural selection ’ operate? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | How is it related to the ‘ Unity of Science ’? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | How is it that one particular branch of medicine is known by this epithet? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | How is the Julian calendar superior to the earlier calendars especially those devised by Babylonians? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | How scientific was it? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Is our mind modular in nature? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Is the pursuit and practice of science itself totally value free? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Is there a ‘ collective consciousness ’ among social organisms? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Is there an editing agent for the genome? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Is there an objective reality? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Is there something like ‘ extra- cerebral consciousnesses ’? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | It is concerned with issues like: What is life and how do we classify different life forms? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Now, think about some fundamental points; what is the reality which scientists are seeking to study? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Now, what is science? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Or, is it all in our minds? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Outline the general approach of Ayurveda to the science of healing, and examine how it compares with the approach of modern science? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Should a terminally ill patient be told about his actual condition? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Should funding agencies decide the area and nature of scientific investigation? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Should moral and ideological considerations also decide the nature of research? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | The above points are truly inspiring, is n’t it? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | There arises a question – why should we give so much importance to such history? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Trace how the ‘ germ theory ’ came to be generally accepted? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What are its major critiques? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What are some of the alternative approaches to explain scientific progress? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What are the areas that sciences should investigate? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What are the chief traditions of early Indian medicine? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What are the contributions of different civilizations to the development of science? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What are the corroborative evidences for Darwin ’s Theory of Evolution, which modern science has added? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What are the main components of the ‘ scientific method ’? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What are the references to atomism in the Kanada Sutras? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What did Aryabhatta and many other ancient philosophers suggest about rotation of the earth? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What did Eratosthenes do? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What does ‘ reductionism ’ imply in science? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What happened to Lavoisier? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What is Pythagoras remembered for? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What is Science? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What is Scientific truth? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What is its importance compared to the other social institutions, like the arts or culture, or religion? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What is meant by scientific temper and what are its implications? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What is the basic difference between the deductive and inductive reasoning methods? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What is the basic proposition of ‘ scientific realism ’? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What is the impact of reductionism in the practice of healing? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What is the nature of mind, brain, and consciousness? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What is the nature of this truth? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What is the role of the proverbial apple in it? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What is the significance of the Pole Star in Chinese astronomy? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What is the so- called scientific truth? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What led to the beginning of science? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What marked the beginning of our technical progress? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What should be the area of scientific study taken up by a society of scientists and by an individual scientist? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What was Aryabhata ’s discovery about the solar system? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What was Plato ’s philosophy on mind and the material world? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What was the most important of the heavenly bodies for the Chinese? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | What were some of the reforms made by Shih Huang Ti? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Which among the following was their major contribution? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Which of the following ‘ strange ’ facts are ‘ scientifically ’ proven? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Which one of them was born in India? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Who among the following philosophers does not belong to this group? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Who was this person? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Why did Popper insist that falsifiability is the true mark of a scientific hypothesis? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Why did industrial revolution not take place in China? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Why do some philosophers insist that you can never prove anything by induction? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Why do the astronomers of today examine the old Chinese records of Novae and Supernovae? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Why does the beginning of agriculture mark a turning point in the progress of science? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Why is Leonardo da Vinci depicted as personifying Renaissance in Europe? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Why is the contribution of Linnaeus considered to be seminal in the modernization of biology? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Why is ‘ observation ’ alleged to be ‘ theory laden ’? |
| work_hgco6kwkrvcqnal7y7jcokyskq | Why should there be conflict between science and religion? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | ;, qué es evi- dencia aceptable? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | But besides destroying each other and yet surviving abso- lutely undamaged, can they come into a meaningful discussion? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | Can the parties be brought together to a meaningful argumen- tation? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | Do they have a common basis, a conunon criterion, a common horizon? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | I I- I s A DECISIÓN POSSIBLE BETWEEN SciENCISM AND H ü M A N I S M? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | II Siendo esta la situación, ¿ no podríamos preguntar cuál de las dos filoso- fías es preferible? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | Is eidetic intuition an acceptable method of verification? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | Is this issue between Phenomenology and Logical Positivism sol- vable? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | La principal discusión, la disputa verdaderamente básica entre la feno- menología y el positivismo lógico, es: ¿ qué es verificabilidad? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | Pero, además de destruirse mutuamente y, sin embargo, sobrevivir absolutamente indemnes, ¿ pueden llegar a una disensión que tenga sentido? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | The main issue, the truly basic issue between Phenomenology and Logical Positivism, is: What is verifiability? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | What could these criteria be? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | What is acceptable evi- dence? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | What Í8 it that the logical positivist can teach the existentialist? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | n Tbis being the situation, may we not ask wbich of the two philo- sopbies Í8 preferable to tbe other? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | ¿ Cnáles podrían ser esos criterios? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | ¿ E s POSIBLE UNA DECISIÓN ENTRE EL CIENTIFICISMO T EL HUMANISMO? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | ¿ Pueden las partes llegar a entenderse en una argumentación con sentido? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | ¿ Tiene solución esta disputa entre la fenomenología y el positivismo lógico? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | ¿ Tienen una base, un criterio, un horizonte comunes? |
| work_yk4ulqwqeffpteokgfhm7rn5rq | ¿ es la intuición eidética un método aceptable de verifi- cación? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | By aggregating these, would we have thereby explained the regularity? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | Colyvan, M.[ 1998]: ‘ Can the Eleatic Principle Be Justified? ’ Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 28, pp. |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | How does this asymmetry arise from such symmetry? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | How is it evident that a given feature is not so understood? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | How, then, do they work? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | Is that enough to make the explanation qualify as distinctively mathematical, no matter what the rest of the explanation may be like? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | Lange, M.[ 2010]: ‘ What are Mathematical Coincidences( and Why Does It Matter)? ’ Mind, 119, pp. |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | Lange, M.[ 2011]: ‘ Conservation Laws in Scientific Explanations: Constraints or Coincidences? ’ Philosophy of Science, 78, pp. |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | Let ’s see what my account makes of the following non- explanation: Why are all planetary orbits elliptical( approximately)? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | Lipton, P.[ 2004]: ‘ What Good is an Explanation? ’ in J. Cornwell( ed. |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | Now let ’s consider a slightly different question: why does n’t that role keep the ex- planation from qualifying as distinctively mathematical? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | OP- BJPS120041 485.. 512 What Makes a Scientific Explanation Distinctively Mathematical? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | What makes some but not others qualify as distinctively mathematical? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | Which is it? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | Why do both of these pendulums have at least four equilib- rium configurations? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | Why does n’t this law make the explanation causal? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | Why is this? |
| work_zc74kwvonjdgrm4hhlcepz23ay | [ 2005]: ‘ Are There Genuine Mathematical Explanations of Physical Phenomena? ’ Mind, 114, pp. |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | ( For eliminative induction — and Sherlock Holmes — see also????.) |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | ( For eliminative induction — and Sherlock Holmes — see also????.) |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | ( For eliminative induction — and Sherlock Holmes — see also????.) |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | ( For eliminative induction — and Sherlock Holmes — see also????.) |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | ), in recognition of the famous dictum, “ Eliminate the impossible, and whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth. ”(? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | 10 Can not a hypothesis be lovely, even if known to be false, such as Newtonian mechanics? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | 6 That HIV does satisfy Koch ’s postulates with respect to AIDS was disputed in some quarters, most notably by Peter?). |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | 7 For discussions of Determinism and Selection see? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | 8 I do note, however, Alex Broadbent ’s(?) |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | ? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | ? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | ?). |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | According to Lipton, IBE is a two- stage process, where both stages are filters of potential explanations(? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | And while? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | Bayes or Bust? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | Does Selection hold for our two cases? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | For example, Dr John Clarke( cited in? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | For my response see? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | How do IBE and Holmesian in- ference relate? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | How do we choose among potential explanations? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | If our best explanation is a weak explanation even of a large quantity of data(? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | If that is right, then Semmelweis ’s reasoning bears a close relation to what I have called ‘ Holmesian inference ’(? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | In mitigation of the midwives, one should note, as?) |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | In passing I shall mention a hypothesis formulated by David? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | Naturally, he was indeed interested in the cause of puerperal fever, as the title of his book(?) |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | Quoted in? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | Since it filters out so many logically possible explanations, what confidence can we have that the actual explanation is allowed through? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | So why think that truth and loveliness correlate in ours? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | The issue of underconsideration is not problematic so long as all the hypotheses that are not considered, even if they are 9 David?) |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | The problem here is one that Lipton(? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | What causes AIDS? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | What explains the existence of this syndrome? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | Why 2 should the imagination of scientists have the capacity to pick on the true explana- tion among those it creates? |
| work_t2flu3beqnfona6pvao5xdsg7u | Why did I get six sixes in a row? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | Are they ethi- cal? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | Eur J Soc Sci Res 31(sup1):38–60 Kates RW( 2011) What kind of a science is sustainability science? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | Harman and Dietrich 2013)? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | How can one distinguish between the adaptation of a system and the transformation of one system into another? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | How does the demand for interdisciplinary collaboration affect the reliability of tradi- tional disciplinary norms and standards? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | If one already knew this, would it not make the knowledge transfer redundant? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | J Agric Environ Ethics 32(3):431–446 Strunz S( 2012) Is conceptual vagueness an asset? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | J Appl Ecol 46(2):261–264 Pohl C( 2011) What is progress in transdisciplinary research? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | Nat Sustain 1(5):218–224 DesRoches CT, Inkpen SA, Green TL( 2019) The eroding artificial- natural distinction? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | Oxford University Press, Oxford Cartwright N( 2012) Will this policy work for you? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | Philos Sci 86(3):551–576 Schneider F, Kläy A, Zimmermann AB et al( 2019) How canscience support the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton MacLeod M( 2018) What makes interdisciplinarity difficult? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | Princeton University Press, Princeton MacKenzie DA, Muniesa F, Siu L( eds)( 2007) Do economists make markets? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | Proceed Aristot Soc 56:167–198 Godin B( 1998) Writing performative history: the new new Atlantis? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | Routledge, Abingdon, pp 26–34 Thorén H, Breian L( 2016) Stepping stone or stumbling block? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | Sci Stud 23(1):58–78 Zeiss R, Van Egmond S( 2014) Dissolving decision making? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | What does it mean for a complex adaptive system to persist through time? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | What is sustainability science? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | evolutionary game theory)? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | https://doi.org/10.1007/ s1162 5- 019- 00675-y Schubert C( 2017) Green nudges: do they work? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | https://doi.org/10.1017/97811 08164 290 Yegros- Yegros A, Rafols I, D’Este P( 2015) Does interdisciplinary research lead to higher citation impact? |
| work_wzfaitnb5rbvjhmukqzzmjq3iu | solution- orienta- tion, work with extra- academic partners) affect the reliability of the produced knowledge? |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | ), causally explain its effects? |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | How d o the semantic properties of a state, as opposed to its physical properties( non- redun- dantly? |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | Is the hungry fox supposed to sit by patiently while the crippled antelope rears its offspring? |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | It asks: how or why did the genetic plan for an opposable thumb prosper and persist in the human population, once it arose? |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | It asks: how or why does a particular individual develop his or her particular opposable thumb? |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | Neander, Karen[ 1988]:''Discussion: What Does Natural Selection Explain? |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | Question: how probable is it that the most adaptive genetic sequence- that is, A2, B2- will arise? |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | Question: why does Ben lose ten minutes a day( when the humidity is over ninety degrees)? |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | So, consider, for example, the question:''Does natural selection explain our opposable thumb?'' |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | The Creation Question asks: how did the genetic plan for an opposable thumb originate in the human species( or its ancestors)? |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | This said, which question is the focus of controversy? |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | What is at issue then? |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | Why not? |
| work_zxdghdgnofcnzoqzlohcqjvvmm | Why? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Abstraction and Explanatory Relevance; or, Why Do the Special Sciences Exist? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | At what point is our curious Ancient Greek satisfied? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Background: Is Omitting Details an Explanatory Virtue? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Background: Is Omitting Details an Explanatory Virtue? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | But why is counterfactual robustness an explanatory virtue? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | But why is it good to omit details? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Can we say anything in general about 3 which explanation is better? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Counterexample? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | How are conditionals logically strengthened? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | How to reconcile these conflicting intuitions? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | In what does having this dormative power consist? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Second, Weslake( 2010) suggests the following answer: Why believe that[ omitting details] provides a genuine[ virtue]? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Should Explanations Omit the Details? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Should an explanation ﾗa デｴW IﾗﾐS ┌ Iデﾗヴげゲ; ﾐﾐﾗ ┞;ﾐIW include the fact that it was Bob who coughed? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Should the Antecedent of the Link Really be Maximally Weak? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Should the Antecedent of the Link Really be Maximally Weak? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Should the Base Really be Maximally Strong? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Should the Base Really be Maximally Strong? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Thanks to x and y 39 Why not just: Bob coughed rather than Alice coughed? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | The version of record Bradley, DJ( 2018) Should Explanations Omit the Details? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | This is a repository copy of Should Explanations Omit the Details?. |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | This strikes me as analogous to the one over many argument for Platonism: how can two different objects, a and b, have the same property F? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | WHITING, D.( 2012), DOES BELIEF AIM( ONLY) AT THE TRUTH?. |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | What is the process by which hemlock killed Socrates? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Where was Dexter? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Why are we prepared to buy closed laws at the cost of reifying high level properties? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Why is it better to use a single predicate that just ties a bow around the disjunction? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Will our curious Ancient Greek be satisfied? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Would the explanation have been improved by omitting the second chapter of the book? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | Wｴ;デげゲ wrong with disjunctive predicates? |
| work_tzeeoomruvdateoyr7mcl7xpum | mailto:eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 Should Explanations Omit the Details? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | ), Jenseits traditioneller Wissenschaft? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | 5.2 What does this mean for philosophy? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | But is it true? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Climate change: What role for sociology? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Could the sun be warming the climate? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Does climate denialism still matter? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Ending up on the wrong side: Must the two forms of radicalism always be at war? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Has Trump stolen philosophy ’s critical tools?. |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | How connected are the major forms of irrationality? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | How do we know that the predictions of environmental catastrophe are as significant as they are claimed to be? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | How do we know we have global environmental problems? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | How do we know we have global environmental problems? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Is STS all talk and no walk? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Is there a role for oral or intravenous ascorbate( vitamin C) in treating patients with cancer? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Is time running out? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Leading the way to compromise? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Post- truth? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | STS as science or politics? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | They asked: “ Why has it become so widely perceived as scientific fact when its basis in data is hardly airtight? ”( Buttel et al. |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | What does this mean for philosophy? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | What is environmental sociology? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Who''s afraid of dissent? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Why has critique run out of steam? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Why, then, should I not expect a significant, if not comparable, alteration of collective scientific judgement in the rest of my lifetime? |
| work_zzsadocxbve6plu2sq7q4f2bsu | Will there be a global ‘ greenhouse warming ’? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | !, backwards in time?!) |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | ? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | B., and Rosen, N.( 1935), ‘ Can Quantum- Mechanical Description of Physical Reality be Considered Complete? ’, Phys. |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | But could there be more to the analogy than that? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | But what are the analogues of temperature T and entropy S? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | Could this motivate a return to the well- trodden path of hidden- variable reconstructions of quantum the- ory? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | Does quantum information phenomena provide objective[ grounds] for the existence of a “ natural ” ontology inherent in the quantum for- malism? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | Or does quantum theory itself supply the micro- theory via the theory of local operations? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | Or is the use of classical information theory as a benchmark inappropriate in the quantum context? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | Perhaps some new concept of hidden quan- tum information transfer is called for here? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | Popescu, S.( 1994), ‘ Bell ’s Inequalities versus Teleportation: What is Nonlocal- ity? ’, Phys. |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | So the question remains: Just how deep and convincing can this thermal analogy be made? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | This again raises the question of whether a convincing story can be told here about the ‘ flow of information ’( nonlocally? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | What about nonseparable, or entangled, states: Are they always nonlocal? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | What are we to make of this conventional wisdom? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | What if we require more of a LHV model than that it simply reproduce the correlations between Alice ’s and Bob ’s measurement outcomes? |
| work_yk27dsuohfh6zkeesd6cos4jv4 | What would be the mechanism by which she could get this sort of knowledge in the quantum case? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | ( Is there an intuition that chances can be irrational? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | A space- like surface is 6 Might it also be the strongest contender? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Are there worlds in which our generalisations qualify? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | But how would our experiences be different? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | But what are these rational- credence- determining respects? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | But what grounds could you possibly have for believing the theory? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Can I, for example, describe plausible candidates for the A0, B and T0 roles in the radium decay case? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Can a finite frequentist make sense of this fact? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Can a positive case be made for the explanatory relevance of cone counterpart frequencies? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Can anything like this story be made to work if chances are cone counterpart frequencies? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Can you appeal to an indifference intuition here? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Could there really be such laws? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Do I have any good news to celebrate? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Does the need for this clause reflect badly on my analysis? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Does the scientific evidence suggest that co- oriented light cones in our spacetime always overlap? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | First: can the confirmation- theoretic template I have sketched actually be applied? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | How confident should you be that the coin — the coin that you successfully refer to — landed heads? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | How does this picture change when we introduce light cone structure? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | If CP4 is true, how far does that strengthen the case for my analysis? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | If talking donkeys are possible, why not spooky laws? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Is that intuition non- negotiable? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Is there a metaphysical prohibition? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Is this a problem? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | It is widely agreed that finite frequentists have no good explanation to give.3 Why the consensus? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Might you not reasonably expect to beat the actuary? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Now ask: does our supposition rule out determinism- compatible stories about your future death? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | On waking, what should Beauty ’s credence be in the proposition the coin landed heads? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Second: would n’t any non- trivial cone counterpart frequency regularity qualify as a cosmic coincidence? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Should I be worried? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | So what? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | That the cone counterpart frequencies have hovered near 0.5 so far( though how would we know?) |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Then we can say that your past region is the union of past light cones of points in the time slice.8 What is the time slice ’s spatial extent? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | What credence ought one to assign to there being a positive result on the seventeenth trial? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | What is the difference that makes the difference here? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | What object does the chance of 0.5 attach to? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | What should your current credence be that it landed heads? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | What will it look like? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Where does this leave the knowability of B*? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Which regularities, exactly? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Why are we inclined to accept it? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Why should n’t there be laws of the envisaged sort? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Why should the same not go for replica light cones? ’ I have two responses. |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Why should this be? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | Wo n’t you( probably) outlive your reference classmates? |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | [ 2005]: ‘ Should We Respond to Evil with Indifference? ’, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 70, pp. |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | [ 2007]: ‘ Deterministic Chance? ’, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 58, pp. |
| work_p6vpq7xjizdddlzuig66voff7i | [ 2009]: ‘ Can We Know the Global Structure of Spacetime? ’, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 40, pp. |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | ''([ 2013], p. 719) What sort of cognitive impairment might prohibit someone from accessing an alternative to Stranger? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | 15 Might this make it too difficult for a to know what is epistemically possible? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | 17 17 What if the knowledge accessible to the module fails to make P(Stranger) low enough? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | 21 But what if someone with a mistaken conception of epistemic possibility is just extremely stubborn or opinionated? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | 33 convey information? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | 8 How Many Factors? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | And why should the group be restricted at all? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | Bayne, T. and Pacherie, E.[ 2004]:''Bottom- Up or Top- Down? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | But what if all of the previously considered models set P(Stranger) too high? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | But whose knowledge is relevant for determining whether or not a hypothesis is epistemically possible? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | Corlett, P.R., Krystal, J, Taylor, J., and Fletcher, P.[ 2009]:''Why do delusions persist? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | Does all this information constrain what is epistemically possible for me? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | Does this extend my epistemic reach to all Internet- accessible facts? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | For instance, how much evidence does someone have to ignore before she counts as delusional? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | How might this happen? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | If this is right, however, why does the Capgras subject adopt it? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | Indeed, reporting a delusion in the face of counterevidence could be seen as a symptom way at a subpersonal level( how could there be? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | Is the student obviously delusional? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | Is the student''s uncorrectable and mistaken conception of what is epistemically possible really sufficient for being delusional? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | Or does the relevant group include anyone who could listen to a? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | This proposal is difficult to reconcile with certain intuitions 23 just those people with whom a intends to be communicating? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | What difference could it make whether or not a person literally comes to believe the proposition? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | What if Juliet can never convince the members of her community that trees do n''t convey information, no matter how hard she tries? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | Why do they believe something so obviously false, especially when it is obvious that there is absolutely no evidence in its favour? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | Why not include the background knowledge of absolutely everyone? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | Why would the thought that one''s spouse is an imposter even be considered as a potential explanation for some unusual experience? |
| work_xgauczncv5e23jhlrxwubuuzqq | [ 2007]:''Are People with Schizophrenia More Logical than Healthy Volunteers? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | 2]: • Is this theory consistent? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | 4? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | ? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | ? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | ? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | ? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | ? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | Can we justify our belief in the ex- istence of other minds and how? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | How can we decide which out of a group of competing theories is the best? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | How can we get rid of false theories? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | How can we justify our theories or beliefs? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | How does our knowledge grow? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | Is it possible to justify our theories rationally? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | Is the theory that other minds exist better or worse than the theory that they do not? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | PPPPPPPq? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | Should the history of science be rated X? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | This led through various trials and errors to a new problem: how can we provide the roads and parking places needed for your cars? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | We have a tendency 9? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | What are good ways of criticising theories What does a justification consist of? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | What can we know? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | justificationist anti- justificationist What do we know? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | • Does it, maybe, solve some other problem? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | • Does this theory successfully solve the problem it was put forward to solve? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | • Is this theory better than its rivals? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | • Is this theory consistent with observed facts? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | • Is this theory empirical? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | • Is this theory in conflict with some element of the dominant cultural worldview? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | • Is this theory in conflict with some other scientific theory that is well established? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | • Is this theory in conflict with the methodology of its parent discipline? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | • What makes one theory better than another? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | • What problem is this theory intended to solve? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | • Why do scientists reject some theories? |
| work_wy43t2qnjndj3oiwc7ikgr3hre | � � � � � � �)? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | 1 Can Mechanisms Really Replace Laws of Nature? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | And more specifically, should the fact that Mitchell ’s approach allows for very weak or unstable pragmatic laws count as a shortcoming? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | And what is the relation between the regularity and its conditions( is it deterministic, probabilistic, etc.)? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Are Mechanisms an Alternative to Regularities? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Are no exceptions to H- REG possible? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | But does this provide us with sufficient reason to deprive them of their honorific label ‘ law ’? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | But what about the reverse re- lation? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Can there be a( c)P- regularity without an underlying mechanism? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Conclusion: Can Mechanisms Really Replace Laws of Nature? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Does it involve low or high probabilities? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Does it result in one unique outcome? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Does the mechanistic account render Mitchell ’s pragmatic solution superfluous? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Does this example convincingly show that some cs- mechanisms are too unreliable to fit regularism? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | How spatiotemporally stable are these conditions? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | How strong is the regularity itself? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | In other words, can there be fundamental regularities whose stability and strength are somehow sui generis? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | In short, can a generali- zation count as a( c)P- law without referring to mechanisms? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Is Mitchell ’s approach too liberal? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Is it possible to gain evidence for a generalization ’s lawfulness without relying on mechanistic back- ground knowledge? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Is there then any tension between the mechanistic literature and Mitch- ell ’s theory of pragmatic laws? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | MECHANISMS REPLACE LAWS OF NATURE? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | MECHANISMS REPLACE LAWS OF NATURE? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | MECHANISMS REPLACE LAWS OF NATURE? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | MECHANISMS REPLACE LAWS OF NATURE? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Or are there multiple outcomes? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Or is it deterministic? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Such a unique token causal relation can not be regarded as instantiating an actual MECHANISMS REPLACE LAWS OF NATURE? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | The death rate that he recorded in the customers MECHANISMS REPLACE LAWS OF NATURE? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | What are the conditions on which the regularity under study is contingent? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | What is the relation between ‘ function ’ and ‘ regularity ’? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | Yet can unique token causal relations be constituted by cs- mechanisms? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | above)? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | “ Do We Need Mechanisms in the Social Sciences? ” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 37( 2): 163–84. |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | “ Does Biology Have Laws? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | “ Is the Case for Social Science Laws Strengthening? ” Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 30( 2): 131–53. |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | “ The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation? ” Proceed- ings of the Royal Society of Medicine 58:295–300. |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | “ What Is a Mechanism? |
| work_xxkkrf6a7ne2poybzsuiflum4u | “ Why Do Biologists Argue like They Do? ” Philosophy of Science 64( Pro- ceedings): S432–S443. |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | ( 2011) Identity presence and knowledge building: Joint emergence in online learning environments? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | ( ii) What interconnections, tensions, contradictions, negotiations, and re- negotiations took place between different voices and positions? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | ( iv) How were the positionings changed and( re)negotiated as the course progressed? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | Are the limits set by these criteria too narrow? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | Are these bases and criteria suitable for describing all kinds of scientific research? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | Are these issues science or not? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | Are we thus already dealing with pseudo- science, or where is the dividing line? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | But is n’t the success of a process after all dependent on the client’s/ patient ’s subjective feelings rather than on a bunch of studies? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | Do the degrees of an angle make any difference to the end result in terms of the patient ’s EXPERIENCES IN SENSE MAKING 27 functioning? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | Do they exclude other perspectives or research methods that are reasonable? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | Do you recognize the necessity of this division in your field of science? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | EXPERIENCES IN SENSE MAKING 19 ∑ Task 3: What is the view of science that emerges from the perspective of realism? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | How has this realistic approach been criticized, and how can it be defended? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | If the patient is dissatisfied and finds that the therapy was of no help, even if it has been scientifically proven, does it then make any difference? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | Is the division justifiable? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | Nevertheless, some clients have got help from these, is this after all something to take account of? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | So should n’t we really be more open- minded and search for new paths?... |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | Then again, if we reach the desired goal, does it matter what means were used? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | To what extent is getting well based on what our society considers appropriate treatment? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | What arguments does the author put forward concerning the differences between the types of researchers in these different sciences? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | What problems are related to this approach? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | Why is it reasonable to think that this approach is insufficient? |
| work_zrfjipfydbgb7ihjaibvetpwcy | ∑ Task 2: What differentiates science from non- science? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | ( ii) Definitions for subconcepts? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | 34 Euro Jnl Phil Sci( 2017) 7:17–40 4 Objections and replies( i) A role for ‘ natural kinds ’? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | And also:( ii) how can one eliminate a concept the content of which can not be captured even by a range of different definitions? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Are there Non- causal explanations( of particular events)? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Are there multiple visual short- term memory stores? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Block, N.( 1995) How many concepts of consciousness? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | But are there any/ many examples within science? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | But why should that matter? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Can concept empiricism forestall eliminativism? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Do we need a concept of disease? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Does intelligence exist?, The psychologist, November Issue: pp.490- 493. |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Have we been asking the wrong questions? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Is classical electrodynamics an inconsistent theory? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | What counts as a Newtonian system? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | What is innateness? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Which debates? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Which terms? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Why should n’t one definition do all of the work? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Why should we expect that of scientific terms? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Why would very small differences in meaning have very significant consequences? |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | Woodward( 2014), Section 7.3, entitled ‘ A Single Model of Explanation? ’. |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | ‘ Is a y an x? ’). |
| work_zyqsrxy2dzdhpjwe2rl4sps46y | ‘ Race: biological reality or social construct? ’ philosophy of science, 67(proceedings), S653-S666. |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | - scientists/ technologists, private industry, government, or …? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | 3.2 Benefit to the Individual? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | 3.2.2 Meta- philosophy of Science? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | 3.2.3 Active Philosophising about Science? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | 3.2.4 More Passive Philosophy of Science? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | 3.3 Benefit to the Group? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | 3.3.1 Meta- philosophy of Science? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | 3.3.2 Active Philosophising about Science? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | 3.3.3 More Passive Philosophy of Science? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Again, for some people, yes, but for the majority? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | And must an explanation be true to be a proper explanation? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | And what would be sufficient grounds for saying that we know some theory to provide the true explanation of something? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Are science and religion complementary or in rivalry? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | But what of inexpert philosophising about science( in either of our topic groupings) by the general populace? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | But whatever the merits for the individual might be, would such knowledge benefit the group- either intrinsically or extrinsically? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Can any explanation ever be certainly known to be true, or even 4 known to be probably true or even approximately true? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Can it be? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Can terms that occur in two quite different, rival, theories mean the same when the theoretical construal of what they refer to is quite different? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Carey, S.: 1985,''Are Children Fundamentally Different Kinds of Thinkers and Learners Than Adults? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Davson- Galle, P.: 1990a,''Is Realistic, Context- Bound- Normative Philosophy of Science Possible or Desirable? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Davson- Galle, P.: 1990c,''History and Philosophy of Science: Mixture or Compound? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Detrimental to whom? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Does successful( or unsuccessful) prediction have any special status here? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Does whether it is pure or applied research under discussion affect the issue? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | How about known to be false? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | How can we find meaningful, or understand, terms in theories that purport to talk about entities, properties etc that we can not directly apprehend? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | How many of those students would be individually benefited in terms of their happiness or whatever in virtue of having differently guided actions? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | I am now pessimistic concerning the worth of introducing students to either of these groups of issues in any of my above senses of''introducing''? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | I did not see sufficient extrinsic benefit for the individual in such knowledge but is there any for the group? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | If not meta- philosophy of science, can philosophy of science be warranted as of benefit to the individual? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | If so, what limits are desirable and who should have control in these matters? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | If so, what''s meant by''true''? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | If the latter, can an observation be epistemically privileged and constitute evidence against a theory? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Is explanation by appeal to, say, the law of gravity to be grouped with explanation by appeal to some relevant statistical regularity? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Is observation theory- neutral or does it presuppose theory? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Is science value- free? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Is that plausibly of sufficient( intrinsic or extrinsic) benefit to the group to warrant forcing it on individuals? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Is there, indeed, one notion of scientific explanation at all? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Michael Matthews( 1989b) notes the then( and chronic?) |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Munby, H.: 1982,''What Is Scientific Thinking? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Nonetheless, it is instructive to keep at the back of ones mind the question:''would that reason warrant doing that action to an adult?''. |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Or, are there none and scientific expectations and, say, religious explanations, are"chalk and chalk"and not"chalk and cheese"? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Perhaps; but at what cost- and with sufficient benefit to outweigh that cost? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Should science even bother with the notion of truth when considering a theory or is getting empirical fit goal enough? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Should some truths never be known and some research never be attempted? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Should the answer vary according to whether or not the employer is government or private industry? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Should women and girls be given positive incentives to choose scientific/ technological career paths? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | So, better Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | So, is philosophising about science extrinsically warranted? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | So, what might be advanced as grounds for a general forced introduction to philosophy of science in secondary schools? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | So, what was it that continued through such change and constituted me? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | So, why am I going through all of this? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Some areas of philosophy of science( ontological issues within the philosophy of quantum mechanics perhaps?) |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Some, perhaps but most? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Those rationales were trying to answer the question:''can we justify such compulsory( secondary school) philosophy of science?''. |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | To sum up then: is it really of any great benefit to most students that they are able to philosophise badly on ethical issues concerning science? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What about the other variations I outlined? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What are the limits of observation anyway? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What are the moral dimensions of such bio- ethical issues as genetic engineering and in- vitro fertilisation? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What do I have in mind here by use of the terms''passive''and''active''? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What do I mean by saying:''introduced to philosophy of science''? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What is the difference between a fact and a value anyway? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What is the logical relationship between evidence and theory anyway? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What limits( if any) should there be on experimentation involving sentient creatures? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What of d) then? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What of teleological, or goal directed, explanations in biology like that of, say, the phenomenon of phototropism in some plants? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What priorities should there be? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What should the goals of scientific/ technological research be? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What should the professional ethics of the scientists/ technologists be? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What, then, of our more intellectually passive variations of an"introduction to philosophy of science"? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What, then, of the possibility of a warrant appealing to extrinsic benefit, cashed out eventually by appeal to something like society''s happiness? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | What, then, on our next suite of possible curricula- philosophy of science in some form or other? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | When, if ever, is it appropriate to abandon belief in a theory? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Who should decide upon the goals of scientific/ technological research? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Why so? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | Would some other, less cognitively challenging, form of introduction to philosophy of science fare better? |
| work_iff36leobvca3bs3vqixrska3q | again?). |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | 1 Introduction 2 The elements of one ’s evidence set are propositions 3 Which kinds of propositions are in one ’s evidence set? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | 3 Which kinds of propositions are in one ’s evidence set? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | 59( 2008), 89–119 What Evidence Do You Have? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | 97 to defy grammatical appearances when it comes to why- explanations? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | And so, on the basis of this methodological point, in tandem with the What Evidence Do You Have? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Are some propositions more evidential for you at a particular time than for me at that same time? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | But there is a worry: what if there is no decomposition of Econj that satisfies this second constraint? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | But what could such Z ’s be, if they are not objects, states, or relations? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | But what could this latter difference be, such that it explains the difference in how they should each distribute their confidence? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | But what is involved then, in your having that evidence? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | But what ’s so special about perceptual experiences or apparent memories? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | But why are these latter questions more important for probabilistic reasoning than the questions concerning states or events? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Can I tell you what all of my evidence is? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Christensen, D.[ 1997]: ‘ What is Relative Confirmation? ’, Noûs, 31, pp. |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Consider the 5-speckle subject: she knows each of the following five propo- sitions to be true: What Evidence Do You Have? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | How can we possibly use our total evidence, Econj itself, in the rational regulation of our attitudes? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | In that What Evidence Do You Have? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Is that possible? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Is there a concrete example of our doing this? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Is there any good reason, then, to believe that the elements of our evidence set are all propositions? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Let ’s ask then: what could my total evidence consist of, such that it makes it rational for me to be very confident that the defendant is guilty? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Might this not be a case in which grammar is metaphysically misleading? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Now the next question we should address is: which kinds of propositions are the elements of one ’s evidence set? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Now, let me make this perfectly clear: I think that such a complaint is What Evidence Do You Have? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | So what is this other non- doxastic factor? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | So which propositions are the elements of one ’s evidence set? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | That is, what properties must a proposition have in order to be an element of someone ’s evidence set at a given time? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Thus, astrophysicists 6 Why should we think that, in determining what evidence we have, we must appeal to non- normative considerations? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | What Evidence Do You Have? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | What Evidence Do You Have? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | What Evidence Do You Have? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | What Evidence Do You Have? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | What Evidence Do You Have? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | What Evidence Do You Have? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | What evidence set could render this belief rational? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | What is the probability of my( being in the state of) having a sore throat, given that I am coming down with a cold? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | What is the probability of the knife ’s being( in the state of being) bloody, given that the defendant is guilty? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | What is the probability of( the event of) the sky ’s clouding up, given that it will rain? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | What kind of epistemic relation is at issue here? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Which, if any, of these philosophers is right? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Why can we not simply appeal to normative considerations? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Why does my failure to distribute confidence in this way leave me open to rational criticism? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Why is it that they get to determine our rational degrees of confidence, but other mental states do not? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Why is it that your evidence has these two epistemic powers? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Why is it that, for any hypothesis h, your confidence in h should be proportional to the degree to which your total evidence supports h? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Why not say instead that what has a probability is, at least in some cases, an event or a state rather than a proposition? |
| work_vxuzih4vhjatxerrlszizp3pme | Why should we not settle for one or the other of the two accounts just suggested? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | ''Or am I, in that case, forced to leave the? 1,000 cheque there? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | ''Suppose there is? 1,000,000 written on it,''you think. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | ''Will it change to? 0 if I decide to take the? 1,000 cheque now?'' |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | ''Will it change to? 0 if I decide to take the? 1,000 cheque now?'' |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | ''Will it change to? 0 if I decide to take the? 1,000 cheque now?'' |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | 1 Introduction 2 A strange, but possible, story in a classical world 3 Does the player influence what was put into the second box? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | 3 Does the player influence what was put into the second box? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | 4 Conclusion Appendix: Does the physics work? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | 74 Jan Hendrik Schmidt{___________________ D: If at C, we brought about the\ burning of the? 1,000 cheque, 1 mins then it now starts burning. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Actually, the player left the? 1,000 on the table, and he received the million. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | And, by the way, would you recommend that I take the? 1,000 cheque, or would I do better to leave it on the table? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Appendix: Does the physics work? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | But as it was, the player did not, and indeed, could not see anything that would force him to take the? 1,000. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | But did the player really''cause''the killing of the dwarf? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | But there is good reason to think the proof will go through: I have shown, in the case of Newtonian point- particle mechanics? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | But what if we are urged to make up our minds? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | But who could this someone be? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Can effects sometimes precede their causes in our universe? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Can you imagine what it takes for us tiny dwarfs to deflect even slightly the trajectory of one single gigantion? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Eventually, the vast majority of people will say and believe that the player was recklessly greedy and murdered an innocent dwarf just for? 1,000. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Has my decision already been made for me?'' |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | How can you make sense of this? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | How do you manage to interact with us human beings, if you are so small that we ca n''t even see you? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | However, when you meet your sister in the evening, wanting to thank her for the surprise and the? 1,000, she denies any connection with the game. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | If not, is it at least imaginable, or logically consistent, that they might? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | If we predict that you will leave the? 1,000 cheque on the table, we write the sum of? 1,000,000 on to the second cheque. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | If, on the other hand, we predict that you will take it, then we write? 0 on to the cheque in the second box. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Indeed, as I have shown, the player can influence the dwarfs''prediction, by choosing to leave the? 1,000 on the table. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Is someone making fun of you? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Is this kind of backward causation paradoxical? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | It''s a tiny cheque with either? 0 or? 1,000,000 written on it which of the two, we wo n''t tell you. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | It''s a tiny cheque with either? 0 or? 1,000,000 written on it which of the two, we wo n''t tell you. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Newcomb''s Paradox Realized with Backward Causation 71 Whatever is in the second box, whether? 0 or? 1,000,000, is yours. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Newcomb''s Paradox Realized with Backward Causation 71 Whatever is in the second box, whether? 0 or? 1,000,000, is yours. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Others would point out that recognizing these facts does not help the player in his decision whether or not to take the? 1,000. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | The first box, there, in front of you, has a cheque for? 1,000 in it. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | The latter answer would merely prompt the further question:''Yes yes, but what were you thinking? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Thus, they will not be able to tell you whether there is a cheque for? 0 or? 1,000,000 in your box. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Thus, they will not be able to tell you whether there is a cheque for? 0 or? 1,000,000 in your box. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | What if we were involved in a court case about the player''s( alleged?) |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | What implications does all this have for the player in Newcomb''s game: should he, or should he not take the? 1,000? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | What implications does all this have for the player in Newcomb''s game: should he, or should he not take the? 1,000? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | What made you decide to take the? 1,000?'' |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | What made you decide to take the? 1,000?'' |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | What will you do? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | When you read this note, we will already have predicted whether or not you will decide to take the? 1,000 cheque. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | Would you have believed such a stoxy a year ago? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | You also asked for our advice as to whether you should take the? 1,000 cheque or leave it. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | You have the choice of either taking the first box with the cheque for? 1,000, or leaving it there. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | You leave a letter on your kitchen table, saying: Dear dwarfs, Would you be so kind as to explain to me the technicalities of your Newcomb game? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | You lose track of time... and suddenly the? 1,000 cheque bursts into flames. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | an ordinary? 1,000 cheque) emerge 24 hours plus one minute later. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | caused, the player''s taking the? 1,000 a day later. |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | crime? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | producing a causal loop with a logical contradiction? |
| work_rt6ktobplrc7hnknlr3rstxhqi | to take the? 1,000 cheque as well. |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | ), How Successful is Naturalism? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | ), Science Transformed? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | 3.1( b) Which academic positions do individual PoS in Germany have? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | 3.2( b) Which research foci are most prevalent among PoS? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | 3.2( c) Which research foci do individual PoS in Germany have? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | 3.3( b) How dominant are single- authored publications as opposed to coauthored publications? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | 3.3( c) Which percentage of authored publications are in English? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | 3.3( d) Do PoS prefer German- based or non- German- based journals and publishers? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | 3.3( e) Which publications do PoS in Germany consider their most important ones? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | 3.4( b) How long do the projects last? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | 3.4( c) Which research areas and funding organizations are most dominant? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | 3.4( d) To which degree is funding from outside Germany involved? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | 6.1( b) Which institutions are strongest in terms of their number of PoS? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | 6.1( c) Which German- based societies and associations exist? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | 6.2( d) Which German- based journals exist? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | A Dismal Science Contribu- tion? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | A Formal Framework for Representing Mechanisms? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | A New Science of Politics? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | A Relic of a Bygone Age? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Academic positions( a) Which characteristics do PoS in Germany have with regard to position? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Albert Einstein: Revolutionär oder ‘ Bewahrer des Alten ’? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | An Answer to two Pseudo Problems? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | An Epoch- Making Change in the Development of Science? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Biologie statt Philosophie? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Braucht die Wissenschaft eine Theorie? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Can We Justifiably Assume the Cosmological Principle in Order to Break Model Underdetermination in Cosmology? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Can the Best- Alternative Justification Solve Hume ’s Problem? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Can the Constructive Empiricist Be a Nominalist? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Causation: Many Words, One Thing? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Complex First? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Der Zufall als Schöpfer? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Descartes Discarded? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Did Brouwer ’s Intuitionistic Analysis Satisfy its Own Epistemo- logical Standards? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Die Lebenskraft – metaphysisches Konstrukt oder methodolog- isches Instrument? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Does Goodman ’s ‘ Grue ’ Serve Its Purpose? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Does the Higgs Mechanism Exist? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Does the frequency of publications formats differ for German- based and non- German- based journals and publishers? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Eine antike Lösung für ein aktuelles Problem? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Enthält die Arithmetik synthetische Urteile a priori? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Evolutionstheoretische Hilfestellungen für eine universelle Vernunftethik? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Externally funded projects( a) How prevalent are externally funded projects? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Foci of research( a) Which research foci are most common among professors in the German Philosophy of Science Community? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Gewusst wie? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Gibt es schlechte Interdisziplinarität? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Has Spacetime Quantum Properties? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Have they increased in recent years? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Historical and Contingent? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | How Can We Use the Distinction between Discovery and Justification? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Institutional background, with a focus on philosophy of science( a) Which official centers exist? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Is Cultural Evolution Lamarckian? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Is Spacetime a Gravitational Field? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Is There a European Philosophy Science? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Ist der Raum dreidimensional? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Ist fregesche Ungesättigtheit unvermeidlich? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Kantische Antworten auf die moderne Physik oder Sollen wir Kants Apriori mit Michael Friedman relativieren? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Knowledge: Safe or Virtuous? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Konvergierende Tendenzen zwischen Metaphysik und Wissenschaftstheorie? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Kultur statt Wissenschaft? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Kunst oder Wissenschaft? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Leben als Maschine? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Mass- Energy- Momentum: Only There Because of Space- time? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Metaphor or Model? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Naturalisierung der Kultur oder Kulturalisierung der Natur? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Naturgesetze in der Biologie? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Naturgesetze in der Ökonomik? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | New Life for Carnap ’s Aufbau? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Nicht- fundamental und doch unverzichtbar? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | No Place for Causes? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Order out of Chaos? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Past, Present, Futures? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | PoS ’ most important publications( a) Which publications formats, journals, and publishers do PoS prefer? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Possible Worlds Semantics for Indicative and Counterfactual Conditionals? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Prediction or Prophecy? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Privileged, Typical, or Not Even That? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Relativism or Relationism? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Reschers Bestimmung des wissenschaftlichen Fortschritts – ein wissenschaftstheoretischer Fortschritt? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Science Transformed? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Subjective Probabilities as Basis for Scientific Reasoning? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | The Extension of the Concept Abolished? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | The Messy Mass? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Universum und Multiversum – E pluribus unum? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Verfehltes Menschen- bild oder leistungsfähiges Analyseinstrument? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Von Wahrheit über Bedeutung zum Anti- Begriffsrelativismus? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Wahrscheinliches Wissen? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Was ist Information? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Was ist logisch ein Begriff und wie kann er eine Geschichte haben? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Wer heilt, hat Recht? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | What Is the Point of Confirmation? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | What Kind of Rationalist? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | What can Bas Believe? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | What do Numerical( Climate) Models Really Represent? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | What is Truth? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | What is Wrong with the Miracle Argument? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | What ’s the Worst Case? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | What ’s wrong with Microphysicalism? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Wieso können wir die Welt erkennen? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Wieviel erklärt uns die Hirnforschung? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | With regard to research projects, we determined their( i) prevalence,( ii) length, and( iii) trend( an increase in number?) |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | Wozu Wissenschaft? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | ‘ The Most Sacred Tenet ’? |
| work_pq4l6alzxfd4fpxfmaaboajqfu | ‘ ‘ Was ist Wissenschaft? |