Questions

This is a list of all the questions and their associated study carrel identifiers. One can learn a lot of the "aboutness" of a text simply by reading the questions.

identifier	question
16136	But if what lies below the horse''s"knee"thus corresponds to the middle finger in ourselves, what has become of the four other fingers or digits?
16136	Did things so happen or did they not?
16136	Now that we have arrived at the origin of this word"Biology,"the next point to consider is: What ground does it cover?
16136	The great issue, about which hangs a true sublimity, and the terror of overhanging fate, is what are you going to do with all these things?
16136	To this my reply is, Why should I, when that statement was made seven years ago?
16136	What has become of the bones of all these animals?
16136	What is the object of medical education?
16136	What is to be the end to which these are to be the means?
16136	What we desire to know is, is it a fact that evolution took place?
18911	But does such a reply in itself explain the fact?
18911	But is it something more than a machine?
18911	How in general are the phenomena of life related to those of the non- living world?
18911	How, then, can such a power have been acquired, and how does it inhere in the structure of the organism?
18911	What is the actual working attitude of naturalists towards the general problem that I have endeavored to outline?
18911	What, now, will be the result of uniting the two forms thus produced--_i.e._ AGAB × AYCB?
18911	When such progress as this is being made, have we not a right to believe that we are employing a useful working hypothesis?
58867	Are you an entomologist?
58867	''Well,''he exclaimed as I entered,''what do you think of this great event?
58867	Are species fixed in nature?
58867	Are species realities in nature?
58867	Can we by actual observation determine the particular part of the protoplasmic substance that carries the hereditary qualities?
58867	Did the rats of Egypt come, as the ancients believed, from the mud of the Nile, and do frogs and toads have a similar origin?
58867	Do insects spring from the dew on plants?
58867	Does it also contain some characteristics inherited from grandparents and previous generations?
58867	Does life always arise from previously existing life, or under certain conditions is it developed spontaneously?
58867	Has the great variety of forms existed unchanged from the days of their creation to the present?
58867	Have the functions remained the same through the series?
58867	Have they preserved their identity through all time, or have they undergone changes?
58867	How is it possible to conceive of all the hereditary qualities being contained within the microscopic germ of the future being?
58867	How shall this great diversity of life be accounted for?
58867	If so, how far back in the history of the race does unbroken continuity extend?
58867	If this position be admitted, the next question would be, What are the factors which have been operative to bring this about?
58867	In reply to the question,"Why is the offspring like the parent?"
58867	May it not be that all the intermediate stages are also inheritances, and, therefore, represent phases in ancestral history?
58867	Schleiden''s Contribution.--Schleiden''s paper was particularly directed to the question, How does the cell originate?
58867	The Biblia Naturæ.--It is time to ask, What, with all his talents and prodigious application, did he leave to science?
58867	The critical question is, Have these all an individual ancestral form in nature?
58867	The discovery of oxygen raises another question: Does prolonged heat change its vitalizing properties?
58867	The question is, Are any acquired characters, physical or mental, transmitted by inheritance?
58867	Under what conditions did they work, and what was their chief aim?
58867	We may well inquire, Why did not his views take hold?
58867	What becomes of the immense number of fishes that die?
58867	What matter?
58867	What were they like in appearance?
58867	Why then should I contend with you?"
58867	and what takes place within the parts that are actually alive?
58867	or have they undergone a series of modifications, differentiations, and improvements more or less parallel with the morphological series?"
16487	( b)_ Nature of Protoplasm_.--What is this material, protoplasm?
16487	--_The Author.__ CREATION OR EVOLUTION?
16487	== The Cell==.--But what is this cell which forms the unit of life, and to which all the fundamental vital properties can be traced?
16487	Are physical and chemical forces together sufficient to explain life?
16487	Are the laws and forces of chemistry sufficient to explain digestion?
16487	Are the laws of electricity applicable to an understanding of nervous phenomena?
16487	Are there any forces in nature which are of a sort as to enable us to use them to explain the building of machines?
16487	Are there limits to the application of natural law to explain life?
16487	Are we any nearer to understanding how these vital processes arise?
16487	But have we thus reduced these fundamental phenomena to an intelligible explanation?
16487	But wherein does this knowledge of cells help us?
16487	But who can doubt that the watch, as well as the water- wheel, is governed by the law of the correlation of forces?
16487	Can the animal body be properly regarded as a machine controlled by mechanical laws?
16487	Can the motion of the body, for example, be made as intelligible as the motion of the steam engine?
16487	Can there be found something connected with living beings which is force but not correlated with the ordinary forms of energy?
16487	Can this phase of living activity be included within the conception of the body as a machine?
16487	Can we find a mechanical or chemical explanation of the origin of protoplasm?
16487	Can we, by the use of these same chemical and physical forces, explain the activities taking place in the living organism?
16487	Does nature, apart from human intelligence, possess forces which can achieve such results?
16487	Has nature any forces for machine building?
16487	Have we then any suggestion as to the method of the origin of this protoplasmic machine?
16487	How could any changes in the environment of the individual have any effect upon this dormant material stored within it?
16487	How were they built?
16487	How, then, can biology be called a new science When it is older than all the others?
16487	IS THE BODY A MACHINE?
16487	IS THE BODY A MACHINE?
16487	If the present is a key to the past in interpreting geological history, should not the same be true of this history of life?
16487	In the first place, what are these properties?
16487	Is it a fact that the only significance to the term vital is that we have not yet been able to explain these processes to our entire satisfaction?
16487	Is it possible to discover these forces and comprehend their action?
16487	Is the difference between what we have called the secondary processes and the primary ones only one of degree?
16487	Is there a probability that the actions which we now call vital will some day be as readily understood as those which have already been explained?
16487	Is there any method by which we can approach these fundamental problems of muscle action, heart beat, gland secretion, etc.?
16487	Now what is the significance of all these facts for our discussion?
16487	Or, on the other hand, are there some phases of life which the forces of chemistry and physics can not account for?
16487	Shall it be the linin, or the liquids, or the microsomes, or the chromatin threads, or the centrosomes?
16487	The germ material is derived from the parents, and, if it is simply stored in the individual, how could an acquired variation affect it?
16487	What can we say in regard to these fundamental vital powers of the active tissues?
16487	What has been its history?
16487	What, then, is reproduction?
16487	When the egg begins to divide does each of the first two cells still contain potentially the organization of the whole adult, or only one half of it?
16487	Which of these is the actual physical basis of life?
16487	Which of these various bodies shall we continue to call protoplasm?
16487	Who could look upon the adaptation of the eye to light without seeing in It the result of intelligent design?
16487	Why should they occur in living organisms, and here alone?
21781	( a) What are the protovertebrae?
21781	( b) How does the notochord originate in the frog?
21781	( c) How are the vertebrae laid down in the tadpole?
21781	( c) What bone in the rabbit is generally regarded as corresponding to the quadrate cartilage of the frog?
21781	( d) How is the central nervous system developed in the frog, and( e) in the rabbit?
21781	( d) In what important respects does the vascular mechanism of the frog differ from that of the fish, in correlation with the presence of lungs?
21781	( e) In what important respects do the centra of the vertebrae of the frog, the dog- fish, and the rabbit differ from one another?
21781	( e) What is the structure and origin of the ovarian follicle in the rabbit, and( f) of the ovarian stroma?
21781	( f) What conclusions may be drawn from the facts stated as to the origin of the central nervous system in evolution?
21781	( g) What is the"granulosa"and what the"zona pellucida"?
21781	By what means would you determine whether a given nerve is motor or sensory?
21781	Each also(? IX.)
21781	From which of the primary cell- layers of the embryo are they respectively developed?
21781	How are such structures interpreted?
21781	How are they removed?
21781	How do protozoa differ from higher animals( metazoa) as regards( a) structure,( b) reproduction?
21781	How do you account for the primitive streak?
21781	The Mullerian duct(?
21781	There are supra- and basi- as well as ex- occipital bones; the para- sphenoid is(?
21781	They finally appear to(?
21781	To what series of cavities in the frog are the metapleural canals to be compared?
21781	We have just mentioned that the heart- muscle is striated, but who can alter the beating of the heart by force of will?
21781	What are bilateral symmetry and metameric segmentation?
21781	What are the chief anatomical differences between a typical cranial, a spinal, and a sympathetic nerve?
21781	What are the chief excretory products of an animal?
21781	What are the functions of the skin?
21781	What are the most characteristic points in the mammalian vertebral column?
21781	What do you know concerning the functions of the several parts of the brain in the frog?
21781	What explanation can you give of the differences between the two cases?
21781	What is a gastrula?
21781	What is a goblet cell?
21781	What is a secretion?
21781	What is a villus?
21781	What is an excretion?
21781	What is botryoidal tissue?
21781	What is cartilage bone?
21781	What is ciliated epithelium?
21781	What is known of its functions?
21781	What is membrane bone?
21781	What is tendon?
21781	What is the lymphatic system?
21781	What is the notochord, and how is it developed in the frog?
21781	What is the relation of respiration to the general life of the animal?
21781	What is their function?
21781	What other structures of the adult rabbit display a similar repetition of similar parts?
21781	What parts are added to this in the higher type?
21781	What structures have been regarded, as renal organs in amphioxus?
21781	What substance is excreted by the renal organ of a frog, and what relation does this substance bear to the general life of the organism?
21781	Whence comes the force?
21781	Where does it occur in the rabbit?
21781	Where does it occur?
21781	With what lower type has the gastrula been compared?
21781	c., calcar(?= a sixth digit).
10060	Again, if the Gibraltar indraught is the effect of evaporation, why does it go on in winter as well as in summer?
10060	And this question subdivides itself into two:--the first, are we really contravening such conclusions?
10060	And was it not possible, in the second place, that he had not sufficiently heated his infusions and the superjacent air?
10060	And what has made this difference?
10060	Are all the grandest and most interesting problems which offer themselves to the geological student, essentially insoluble?
10060	Are modern geologists prepared to say that all life was killed off the earth 50,000, 100,000, or 200,000 years ago?
10060	Are these Postmiocene immigrants, or Praemiocene natives?
10060	Are they parasites in the zoological sense, or are they merely what Virchow has called"heterologous growths"?
10060	But I imagine I hear the question, How is all this to be tested?
10060	But are these corpuscles causes, or mere concomitants, of the disease?
10060	But for what constituents of their bodies are animals thus dependent upon plants?
10060	But has the advance of biology simply tended to break down old distinctions, without establishing new ones?
10060	But how is this remarkable propulsive machine made to perform its functions?
10060	But if this be the case, how much further back must we go to find the common stock of the monodelphous_ Mammalia_?
10060	But is there any sound foundation for the three assumptions involved here?
10060	But now comes the further inquiry, Where was the highly differentiated Sauropsidan fauna of the Trias in Palaeozoic times?
10060	But what becomes of the coal which is burnt in yielding this interest?
10060	But whither does all this tend?
10060	But why does a muscle contract at one time and not at another?
10060	But why in the world did not this distinguished Hegelian look at a nettle hair for himself, before venturing to speak about the matter at all?
10060	But would not the meaning of the last line be better rendered"Developed in rain- water and in the warm vapours raised by the sun"?]
10060	But, in this case it may be asked, why does not our English coal consist of stems and leaves to a much greater extent than it does?
10060	Does Nature acknowledge, in any deeper way, this unity of plan we seem to trace?
10060	Does it equally well apply to the Pliocene fauna when we compare it with that of the Miocene epoch?
10060	For what might not have happened to the organic matter of the infusions, or to the oxygen of the air, in Spallanzani''s experiments?
10060	Has the vaccine matter, by its irritative property, produced a mere blister, the fluid of which has the same irritative property?
10060	How are the Cretaceous Ichthyosauria, Plesiosauria, or Pterosauria less embryonic, or more differentiated, species than those of the Lias?
10060	How can animal life be conceived to exist under such conditions of light, temperature, pressure, and aeration as must obtain at these vast depths?
10060	How did these isolated patches of a northern population get into these deep places?
10060	How do similar reasonings apply to the other great change of life-- that which took place at the end of the Palaeozoic period?
10060	How does this apparently anomalous state of things come about?
10060	How is the existence of this long succession of different species of crocodiles to be accounted for?
10060	How, in that case, could we conceive the action of the ferment on it?
10060	However, it may be asked, is there any necessary opposition between the so- called"vital"and the strictly physico- chemical views of fermentation?
10060	If I study a living being, under what heads does the knowledge I obtain fall?
10060	Is he in the position of a scientific Tantalus-- doomed always to thirst for a knowledge which he can not obtain?
10060	Is it not probable that teachers, in pursuing such studies, will be led astray from the acquirement of more important but less attractive knowledge?
10060	Is palaeontology able to succeed where physical geology fails?
10060	Is such a universal history, then, to be regarded as unattainable?
10060	It is the question, why should teachers be encouraged to acquire a knowledge of this, or any other branch of physical science?
10060	It might be true that Needham''s experiments yielded results such as he had described, but did they bear out his arguments?
10060	No doubt it is a pretty and ingenious way of looking at the structure of any animal; but is it anything more?
10060	Now does this mean that it may have been two, or three, or four hundred million years?
10060	Now what has taken place in the course of this operation?
10060	On what amount of similarity of their faunae is the doctrine of the contemporaneity of the European and of the North American Silurians based?
10060	Or does the vaccine matter contain living particles, which have grown and multiplied where they have been planted?
10060	Or may I not rather ask, is it possible for you to discharge your functions properly without these aids?
10060	Or may it not be also considered as an organised body?
10060	Or to turn to the higher Vertebrata-- in what sense are the Liassic Chelonia inferior to those which now exist?
10060	Such being the facts with regard to the nature of yeast, and the changes which it effects in sugar, how are they to be accounted for?
10060	Such being the facts with respect to the PÃ © brine, what are the indications as to the method of preventing it?
10060	The first inquiry which arises plainly is, has it ever been denied that this period_ may_ be enough for the purposes of geology?
10060	The great new question would be,"How does all this take place?"
10060	The means of exploration being fairly adequate, what forms of life may be looked for at these vast depths?
10060	Under these circumstances, what is the temperature of the Mediterranean?
10060	Was it not possible, in the first place, he had not completely excluded the air by his corks and mastic?
10060	What books shall I read?
10060	What if_ Globigerina_ and the Coccoliths should not be the only survivors of a world passed away, which are hidden beneath three miles of salt water?
10060	What is it originates, directs, and controls the motive power?
10060	What is it, therefore, but the exclusion of germs?
10060	What is the purpose of primary intellectual education?
10060	What is the reason of the predominance of the spores and spore- cases in it?
10060	What is the use, it is said, of attempting to make physical science a branch of primary education?
10060	What is this wide- spread component of the surface of the earth?
10060	What security was there that the development of life which ought to have taken place had not been checked or prevented by these changes?
10060	When I examine it, what appears to be the most striking character it presents?
10060	Where, then, must we look for its five- toed ancestor?
10060	Who can suppose that the few fossils yet found in these regions give any sufficient representation of the Permian fauna?
10060	Why does one whole group of muscles contract when the lobster wishes to extend his tail, and another group when he desires to bend it?
10060	Why should not these proportions have been different during the Mesozoic epoch?
10060	and what is the evidence on which those fundamental propositions demand our assent?
10060	and whence did it come?
10060	the second, if we are, are those conclusions so firmly based that we may not contravene them?
10060	what are the fundamental assumptions upon which they all logically depend?
39969	Who of all those powerful landowners and rich merchants could ever have dreamed that little buzzing insects could sting a great city to death? 39969 ( a) What is the mechanism of direction and control? 39969 ( b) What is the method of direction and control? 39969 ( c) What are habits? 39969 ( d) What are the organs of sense? 39969 ( e) How does alcohol affect the nervous system?_ LABORATORY SUGGESTIONS_ Demonstration._--Sensory motor reactions. 39969 BODY CONTROL AND HABIT FORMATION_ Problems.--How is body control maintained? 39969 Besides the discipline it gives me, is there anything that I can take away which will help me in my future life? 39969 Can you explain why?] 39969 Can you see how? 39969 Can you tell why? 39969 Could we tell anything about the food of a bird from its bill? 39969 Do bees visit flowers of the same kinds in succession, or fly from one flower on a given plant to another on a plant of a different kind? 39969 Do these birds all get their food in the same manner? 39969 Do they all eat the same kind of food?] 39969 Do vegetable foods contain much fat? 39969 Do you see why? 39969 Does gravity act on the growing root? 39969 Does the fungus appear to be transmitted from one tree to another near at hand? 39969 Exactly what does the bee do when it alights? 39969 Food, what is it? 39969 From which states do we get most of our yellow pine, spruce, red fir, redwood? 39969 Have you ever stopped to consider what life would be like on the earth if things did not decay? 39969 How are they formed and how broken? 39969 How do you account for that? 39969 How do you account for that?] 39969 How do you account for this?] 39969 How do you account for this?] 39969 How do you know? 39969 How does a bee alight? 39969 How is it that the bodily temperature does not differ greatly at such times? 39969 How many other insects alight on the flowers? 39969 How many unpaired fins are there? 39969 How might it divide to form a long thread made up of cells?] 39969 How might the root hairs take up this water?] 39969 How would you explain this?] 39969 If so, what is oxidized? 39969 If such a small experiment shows results like this, then what might a general clean- up of a city show? 39969 If the bee lights on a flower cluster, does it visit more than one flower in the same cluster? 39969 In how many instances can you discover the point where the fungus first attacked the tree? 39969 In what waters are the cod and herring fisheries, sardine, oyster, sponge, pearl oyster? 39969 In which dish does the more abundant growth take place? 39969 In which is decay taking place? 39969 In which tube are bacteria at work? 39969 In which tube did the greatest growth take place? 39969 In which tubes does growth take place most rapidly? 39969 Is it not logical to suppose that all living things, both plant and animal, release energy as the result of oxidation of foods within their cells? 39969 Of what practical value is it to me? 39969 Should feeble- minded people be allowed to marry? 39969 These questions might well be asked by any of the students: Why do I take up the study of biology? 39969 WHY STUDY BIOLOGY? 39969 WHY STUDY BIOLOGY? 39969 What are their uses? 39969 What are your conclusions?] 39969 What becomes of this water and the other substances that have been absorbed? 39969 What have we learned about combating typhoid since 1898?] 39969 What is digestion? 39969 What is the condition of blood leaving the ventricle to go to the cells of the body? 39969 What is the difference in your bill for the day?] 39969 What is the effect of filtering the water supply?] 39969 What other characters do you find?] 39969 What part of root is most responsive? 39969 What proportion of the cotton raising belt was infected in 1908?] 39969 What seems to become of the chromosomes?] 39969 What_ is_ the refuse in each case? 39969 Where are the heaviest forests of the United States? 39969 Where does it take place? 39969 Which cell shows greater division of labor?] 39969 Which culture has the more colonies of bacteria? 39969 Which is the best method of ventilation? 39969 Which of the above birds should be protected by man and why?] 39969 Which of the above- mentioned foods have the highest burning value?] 39969 Which part of the cell divides first? 39969 Which states produce the most hardwoods? 39969 Why a_ damp_ cloth? 39969 Why did not the seeds in the covered jar germinate? 39969 Why is it considered a good food?] 39969 Why is the oil placed on the surface of the water?] 39969 Why is this a method of dispensing impure milk? 39969 Why not try it if there are mosquitoes in your neighborhood? 39969 Why not try these out in forming some good habit? 39969 Why not try this in your own school? 39969 Why not?] 39969 Why should this be done?] 39969 Why, for example, is the flounder so cheap in the New York markets? 39969 Why? 39969 Why? 39969 Why? 39969 Why? 39969 Why? 39969 Why? 39969 Why? 39969 Why? 39969 Why? 39969 Why? 39969 Why? 39969 Why? 39969 Why?] 39969 Why?] 39969 Why?] 39969 Why?] 39969 [ Illustration: How far away can you read these letters? 39969 _ Demonstration experiment._--What are the best methods of ventilating a room? 39969 _ Demonstration experiment._--What causes the filling of air sacs of the lungs? 49818 How will the struggle for existence"--I quote, with some omissions, the words of Darwin--"act in regard to variation?
49818	Now what,he asks,[IU]"does this greater consumption of time imply?
49818	[ CR] How, then, does Mr. Wallace himself suppose that these secondary sexual characters have arisen? 49818 ***** Turning now to the lower animals, the first question that suggests itself is-- What are their capacities for pleasure and pain? 49818 ***** We may now pass on to consider the position of those who give an affirmative answer to the question-- Can the body affect the germ? 49818 147; habits, are they inherited? 49818 159 Is there sufficient evidence that it does? 49818 493 The origin of interneural variations 496 Are acquired variations inherited? 49818 After that, I say to him,''Will you die for the queen, like a loyal soldier?'' 49818 Am I using the wordreason"in an unnatural and forced sense?
49818	And from what have psychoses, or states of consciousness, been evolved?
49818	And how can selective association be a means of isolation?
49818	And how does Mr. Darwin meet this difficulty?
49818	And if not due to natural selection, to what can it be due, save inherited antipathy?
49818	And if these spirits are still powerful to act, why not petition them to act in certain ways?
49818	And out of what has it been evolved?
49818	And the question still remains-- From what source comes this tendency to beauty?
49818	And what are the physical possibilities?
49818	And what do I mean by"real"?
49818	And what help have we towards answering it?
49818	And what is an eject?
49818	And what shall we say of the colour- vision of invertebrates?
49818	And what, we may now proceed to ask, is the physiological or kinetic aspect of this metakinetic process?
49818	Another general question with regard to the feelings is-- With what condition or state of the bodily organization are they associated?
49818	Are not the phenomena he analyzes still the same, still equally real?
49818	Are the two as yet undifferentiated?
49818	Are these germinal cells mysteriously different from all the other cells which have undergone differentiation?
49818	Are these in any cases distinctive of species?
49818	Are they not produced by the ghost of the departed enemy, by the spirit of the deceased ancestor?
49818	Are we not justified in believing that the female exerts a choice, and that she receives the addresses of the male who pleases her most?
49818	Are we surprised at the want of surprise on the part of the cow?
49818	Are we, then, to leave the question as insoluble?
49818	At what distance apart, on the most delicate part of the retina, can two points of stimulation be recognized as distinct from each other?
49818	But are they inherited?
49818	But can the body so modified affect the germ- cells which it carries within it?
49818	But failing that, why not hay?
49818	But has not human selection through preferential mating?
49818	But here we open up an important question-- Where do we feel a sensation, such as, for example, that of pressure on the skin?
49818	But how came it that the father took to athletics, and was enabled to develop so lithe and powerful a frame?
49818	But how do they produce their effects?
49818	But how is the influence of the body brought to bear on the germ?
49818	But how, it is asked, can we accept it if its_ modus operandi_ is inexplicable?
49818	But how, it may be asked, on this view, or on any continuity hypothesis, are the origin of variations and their transmission to be accounted for?
49818	But in their inception may they not have been symbolic of predominants?
49818	But is this true of all animals?
49818	But is this true of all animals?
49818	But it may be further asked-- What is the use of the segregation?
49818	But may it not be of indirect disadvantage?
49818	But suppose the conditions are similar: can there be divergence in this case?
49818	But what dog?
49818	But what led me to construct an object with these qualities?
49818	But what, it may be asked, can be the purpose of an eye- structure which gives, not an image, but merely a spot of light?
49818	But where is the nuclear fission in the formation of gemmules?
49818	But who is to determine which?
49818	But who shall dare thus to limit the possibilities of organic nature?
49818	Can animals, we may ask, form such arbitrary associations?
49818	Can it be supposed that the weaving of a cocoon by the caterpillar is mainly a matter of lapsed intelligence?
49818	Can the principle of selection, which is so potent in the hands of man, apply under nature?
49818	Can we be sure that there is really a summation of results-- that each generation is not affected_ de novo_ in a similar manner?
49818	Can we conceive that, with organs so different, anything like a similar perceptual world can be elaborated in the insect mind?
49818	Can we exclude the direct action of the more or less saline water, or the products of the unwonted food on the germinal cells?
49818	Can we say that death-- as distinct from being killed-- is the natural heritage of every creature that lives?
49818	Can we say that matter, when it reaches the complexity of the grey cortex of the brain, becomes at last self- conscious?
49818	Can we suppose that it arose through the elimination of those ancestral animals which failed to perform this habit?
49818	Complex psychoses have been evolved from less complex psychoses; these from simple psychoses; these, again, from-- what?
49818	Do Arctic foxes tunnel in the snow for any other purposes?
49818	Do all animals"move about and sleep"?
49818	Do the clever foxes resemble the intelligent workman A, or the abstract reasoner B?
49818	Does he believe that consciousness is an accompaniment of certain nervous processes in the grey cortex of the brain?
49818	Does it support the view that the hen produces the egg or that the egg produces the hen?
49818	Does the male parade his charms with so much pomp and rivalry for no purpose?
49818	Evolution being continuity, associated with change, tending in certain directions, and accompanied by certain processes, how has it been effected?
49818	Evolved from what?
49818	Evolved from what?
49818	Finally, if an acquired character, so called, is better developed in the child than in the parent, what is this but an example of variation?
49818	For, if the plumage of the argus pheasant and the bird of paradise is due to the general laws of growth and development, why not the whole animal?
49818	Fortunately for those who visit London( and who nowadays does not?
49818	Granting its occurrence, is it effective?
49818	Has he altered the reality of the phenomena themselves?
49818	Have careful and reliable observers watched the foxes?
49818	Have we not in them the signs for predominants not yet converted for the primitive utterers into isolates?
49818	He is, however, perplexed by the question-- How can this be?
49818	Here it is again reinforced and directed( who, at present, can say how?)
49818	How can I here, by any metakinetic process, perceive the kinesis that is going on out there?"
49818	How can that which is utterly and completely false to nature have had a natural evolution?
49818	How can the results of analysis be more real than that which is analyzed?
49818	How can these be explained?
49818	How can we be sure that in the one case it was through fully attaining, in the other through failing to reach, the standard of taste?
49818	How far does the dog construct a similar world?
49818	How far is his symbolism the same as ours?
49818	How far, we may ask, do such actions imply"a conscious knowledge of the relation between the means employed and the ends attained"?
49818	How have this wealth, this diversity, this beauty, this manifold activity, which we summarize under the term"animal life,"been produced?
49818	How is it that these gaudy and variable caterpillars, cream- coloured with orange and black markings, have escaped speedy destruction?
49818	How the two sets of impressions are correlated and co- ordinated in insect- consciousness, who can say?
49818	How were variations started in the first instance?
49818	How, then, are we to account for our wide range of colour- sensation?
49818	If Darwin''s sexual selection is to be thus superseded, why not Messrs. Darwin and Wallace''s natural selection?
49818	If each lens thus gives an image, is not each the focussing apparatus of a single eye?
49818	If each plastic embryo is moulded in turn by similar influence, how can we conclusively prove hereditary summation?
49818	If fixed, how can differentiation occur in the same flock or herd?
49818	If lapsed intelligence be excluded in these cases, why introduce it at all?
49818	If mimicry in form and colour is due to natural selection, why not mimicry in habits and activities?
49818	If panmixia alone can not, to any very large extent, reduce an organ no longer sustained by natural selection, to what efficient cause are we to look?
49818	If the former, does it transfer its influence to the body- plasm during the life of the individual?
49818	In the doorway Carlo stopped, and looked first up at his mistress and then into the store- room, as much as to say,''What can we think of this?''
49818	Is it any injustice to the brutes to contend that their inferences are of the same order as those of these excellent practical folk?
49818	Is it not because we believe in the practical unity of mankind?
49818	Is it the germ- plasm or the body- plasm that is influenced by external stresses?
49818	Is mind evolved from matter?
49818	Is not the identification of neurosis and psychosis a begging of the question, unless the_ how_, the_ modus operandi_, is explained?
49818	Is the object withheld or lost?
49818	Is there any principle analogous to that of elimination which we have seen to be of such high importance in organic evolution?
49818	Is there sufficient evidence to show conclusively that the body- cells have been modified, and have handed on the modification to the germ?
49818	Is this a case of transmitted fibre and faculty?
49818	It may be asked-- What advantage has such a view over realistic materialism?
49818	May not these have been the stepping- stones from the perceptual predominants of animal man, to the conceptual isolates of rational man?
49818	May not this structure be absorbing nutriment which would be more advantageously utilized elsewhere?
49818	Must we, then, leave the question undecided?
49818	Now, is this habit of elimination value?
49818	Now, what is the guiding principle of the evolution and development of ideas in the world of their metakinetic environment?
49818	Now, what was the nature of the construct framed at the bidding of the piercing howl?
49818	Now, what would be the result of this alternation of good times and hard times?
49818	Of what use would warning coloration be if it did not serve to suggest to the percipient the disagreeable qualities with which it is associated?
49818	Once more, how is this increased power in that biceps muscle of the oarsman able to impress itself upon the sperms or the ova?
49818	Or can we throw it into some form which is more general and less hypothetical?
49818	Or, has the atmosphere been furnished with continuous fresh supplies of carbonic acid gas?
49818	Secondly, some answer to the question-- How are the body- cells able to transmit their modifications to the germ- cells?
49818	Seeing so great an amount of routine work going on around him, might he not be in danger of regarding all this as evidence of blind instinct?
49818	Shall we leave this altogether out of account?
49818	The question is-- Are they transmitted?
49818	The question is-- Is each facetted organ an eye, or is it an aggregate of eyes?
49818	The question is-- Which assumption yields the most consistent and harmonious results?
49818	The question then naturally occurs-- How have these divergent forms escaped the swamping effects of intercrossing?
49818	The question, then, is not-- How does the world mirror itself in the mind of the dog?
49818	The standard may thus be maintained, but where is the possibility of progress?
49818	The two factors in phenomena 331 The basis in organic evolution 336 Perceptual construction in mammalia 338 Can animals analyze their constructs?
49818	Then at once arises the question-- Does life remain the same yesterday, to- day, and to- morrow?
49818	There is pain: is it restored or gained?
49818	There is pleasure: does it abide or remain constant?
49818	This is but one mode of putting a very old question-- Does the hen produce the egg, or does the egg produce the hen?
49818	To what other cause is the failure of heredity due?
49818	To which category, then, does this hypothesis belong?
49818	We may pass, then, to the question-- How?
49818	What are its methods?
49818	What are the characteristics of this growth?
49818	What are the physiological effects?
49818	What do we know, however, about the primitive tissue- differentiation of the earliest metazoa?
49818	What guides the variation along special lines leading to heightened beauty?
49818	What has guided it along these lines?
49818	What is the evidence that adjusted nutrition can be inherited?
49818	What is the proportion of those who adopt this device to those who gnaw through the string?
49818	What is this mind which is said to be evolved?
49818	What knows he of gravitation or the laws of the winds?
49818	What knows she of anatomy or of physiology?
49818	What shall we say concerning their constructs?
49818	What shall we say of such cases?
49818	What shall we say of such cases?
49818	What, in similar terms, is the delicacy of sight?
49818	What, on the principles above laid down, can we be said to know or have learnt about it?
49818	What, then, is excluded?
49818	What, then, is he-- his metakinetic self, not his kinetic material body-- to me?
49818	What, then, is the essential nature of the respiratory process thus so differently manifested?
49818	What, then, is the nature of this change?
49818	What, then, it may be asked, does produce the egg?
49818	What, then, we may now ask, is, on their view, the mode of origin of variations?
49818	Whence comes the carbonic acid gas?
49818	Wherein lies the utility of the divergence into two forms?
49818	Which shall eventually prevail-- a spiritual interpretation of nature, a material interpretation, a monistic interpretation, or other, who shall say?
49818	Whither goes the oxygen?
49818	Who can decide the question between monist and materialist?
49818	Who can say what will be the nature of the further evolution of any existing philosophical creed?
49818	Who can tell?
49818	Who dare arbitrate between the bishop and the professor?
49818	Who shall say, however, what was passing through the mind of the dog in any of these three cases?
49818	Why have these no similar tufts?
49818	Why not assume that neural processes, when they reach a certain complexity, give rise to or produce consciousness?
49818	Why not_ find_ hay inside; and, finding hay, why not enjoy the good provender thus provided?
49818	Why should we be?
49818	Why, then, rediscuss the question under these new terms?
49818	[ KL] In both cases, the question to which an answer is suggested is not-- What variations will arise?
49818	and if so, how?
49818	but rather-- How far does the symbolic world of the dog resemble the symbolic world of man?
49818	but-- What variations will survive?
49818	or is their segregation the direct effect of their differential fertility?
49818	or, to put the question in a more satisfactory form-- Are the limits of sensibility to light- vibrations the same in them as in us?
49818	the twisted skull of flat- fish) produced?
49818	why not_ all_ instinctive activities?
49818	|52| 5| 39|36| 18| 31| 39| 10| 19| 40|13|14|23|"|54| 5| 39|36| 18| 32| 40| 11| 17| 40|13|13|25|"|46| 5| 36|34| 16| 29| 36| 10| 19| 36|13|17|22|?
54612	Where are the facts proving the inheritance of acquired characters?
54612	[ 135] But if the production of one or other form from the same germ does not result from speciality of feeding, what does it result from? 54612 Again, what is to be thought of the fact that the immense majority of these supposed special creations took place before mankind existed? 54612 Am I called upon to abandon my own supported belief and accept Mr. Wallace''s unsupported belief? 54612 Among the several types of individuals forming the existing ant community, to which, then, did the ancestral ants bear the greatest resemblance? 54612 And does our ignorance of the manner in which they arose warrant us in asserting that they arose by special creation? 54612 And first of all, what are we to understand by co- operative parts? 54612 And how are the conquering determinants to find they ways out of the_ mêlée_ to the places where they are to fulfil their organizing functions? 54612 And if not, how far do differences between the surpluses determine differences between the limits of growth? 54612 And if otherwise, which are the directly adaptive and which are not? 54612 And now what about the other term of the antithesis-- the alleged inherent mortality of the somatic cells? 54612 And now, in presence of these facts, what are we to say? 54612 And then, how long will it take for the rest to be brought into adjustment? 54612 And what are the leading structural traits of these_ Amphibia_? 54612 And why, if typical uniformity was to be maintained, does the number of sacral vertebræ vary within the same order of birds? 54612 Answers to the questions-- Why do these adaptive modifications in an individual animal soon reach a limit? 54612 Are all the modifications that serve to re- fit organisms to their environments, directly adaptive modifications? 54612 Are not these traits also results of arrested nutrition? 54612 At what stage does it become an individual? 54612 Bearing in mind this requirement, is any one now prepared to say that survival of the fittest can cause this decline of the self- feeding faculty? 54612 But are we justified in speaking of cells at all in this case? 54612 But having abandoned this crude belief, what belief is he prepared to substitute? 54612 But how can we conceive an inactive activity? 54612 But how come these animals while young and small to have surplus assimilative powers? 54612 But how does the extreme discriminativeness of the tongue- tip aid these functions? 54612 But how happens the mean state of the organ to be changed? 54612 But if this distribution of tactual perceptiveness can not be explained by survival of the fittest, how can it be explained? 54612 But let us make a large admission, and suppose these muscles to vary together; what further muscular change is next required? 54612 But now what are the conditions under which alone, direct equilibration can occur? 54612 But now what are we to say when, instead of being cut off transversely, the tail is divided longitudinally and each half becomes a complete tail? 54612 But now what must follow from the destruction of the least- resisting individuals and survival of the most- resisting individuals? 54612 But what about speech? 54612 But what are we to say when three, four, and even five sets ofids"or bundles of"determinants"are present?
54612	But what has meanwhile happened to the outer digits?
54612	But what if the incident energy, falling on the system from without, proved insufficient to overthrow it?
54612	But what is the evidence for this?
54612	But what shall we say on finding innumerable cases in which the suffering inflicted brings no compensating benefit?
54612	But why should the growth of every organism be finally arrested?
54612	But why will the disused organs vary in the direction of decrease more than in the direction of increase?
54612	By what series of variations shall we say that it is reduced from full power to entire incapacity?
54612	Can this greater power be shown to have any advantage?
54612	Can this, or anything like this, be shown?
54612	Can we assume it to be solved by unconscious units?
54612	Can we with any propriety assume that these many enlargements duly proportioned will be simultaneously effected by spontaneous variations?
54612	Could we more truly say of anything,''it is unrepresentable in thought?''"
54612	Did the Unknowable thus demonstrate his power to himself?
54612	Do these continue their fissiparous multiplications without end?
54612	Do they differ in extension?
54612	Do they differ otherwise than in amount?
54612	Do they vary together?
54612	Does Structure originate Function, or does Function originate Structure?
54612	Does any one think he can show this?
54612	For if all such as are deficient of power in a certain direction are destroyed, what must be the effect on posterity?
54612	For if these single- celled organisms which multiply so rapidly be supposed to lose some of their separative tendency, what must be the result?
54612	For what has the trusted process of panmixia been doing ever since the human being began to evolve from the ape?
54612	For whence did he get the doctrine of special creations?
54612	HOW IS ORGANIC EVOLUTION CAUSED?
54612	HOW IS ORGANIC EVOLUTION CAUSED?
54612	Have all animals equal surpluses of assimilative powers?
54612	Have we any ground for concluding that species were specially created, except the ground that we have no immediate knowledge of their origin?
54612	Have we any reason to think that the parts spontaneously increase or decrease together?
54612	Have we not here a solution of these facts?
54612	How about the back of the trunk and its face?
54612	How are the Cretaceous Ichthyosauria, Plesiosauria, or Pterosauria less embryonic or more differentiated species than those of the Lias?"
54612	How are these transformations brought about?
54612	How are we to account for this fact?
54612	How are we to conceive that genesis of a vital principle which must go along with the genesis of an organism?
54612	How are we to distinguish between them?
54612	How came this contrast to arise in the course of evolution, if there was the equality of variation supposed?
54612	How can its all- sufficiency be alleged when its action can neither be demonstrated nor easily imagined?
54612	How changed?
54612	How comes there a wish to perform an action not before performed?
54612	How distinguished?
54612	How does it happen that among those moths of which the female has but rudimentary wings, she continues to endow the males of her species with wings?
54612	How does it happen that some organisms multiply by homogenesis and others by heterogenesis?
54612	How formed?
54612	How happened it then to awaken at the time when the supply of water enabled the tissues to resume their functions?
54612	How happens it that animals were so designed as to render this bloodshed necessary?
54612	How is it that the children of a widow by a second husband do not bear traceable resemblances to the first husband?
54612	How is such proclivity obtainable?
54612	How is this to be explained?
54612	How long, then, will it be before there takes place that particular alteration which will make the bone fitter for its new action?
54612	How made?
54612	How shall we explain the reparative and reproductive powers thus exemplified?
54612	How shall we range these facts with the ordinary facts of inheritance?
54612	How so?
54612	How then comes the organ to augment in size and power?
54612	How would it be possible for creatures subject to so violent a change of habitat to survive?
54612	How, by any process of direct equilibration, could it come to have the required thickness?
54612	How, in the course of evolution, have they been established?
54612	How, then, did M. Nouel succeed in obtaining a desirable combination of a fine English breed with the relatively poor French breeds?
54612	How, then, is this balance to be maintained?
54612	How, then, is this remarkable trait of the tongue- tip to be accounted for?
54612	How, then, will a diminution of this separative tendency first show itself?
54612	If a new organism is not thus produced, then in what way is one produced?
54612	If he has to surrender the hypothesis of_ panmixia_, what results?
54612	If so, how have there arisen the unlikenesses between the hind legs of the kangaroo and those of the elephant?
54612	If so, we are met by the question-- how is the re- arrangement effected?
54612	If so, why did it come back at the right moment?
54612	If these facts do not disprove absolutely Professor Weismann''s hypothesis, we may wonderingly ask what facts would disprove it?
54612	If they are not inheritable, what must happen?
54612	In passing from its wholly unorganized state to an organized state, what will be the first step?
54612	In the second place there arises the question-- whence comes the nitrogen required for the compounding of the carbo- hydrates into proteids?
54612	In what way does he treat this argument?
54612	In what way, then, is the required co- adaptation to be effected?
54612	Is any advantage derived from possession of greater tactual discriminativeness by the last than the first?
54612	Is it by the agency of the nucleus?
54612	Is it created afresh for every plant and animal?
54612	Is it not probable that the process of differentiation has been similar?
54612	Is it replied that the Creator was able to make individuals arise from one another in a natural succession, but not to make species thus arise?
54612	Is it some other vital principle external to it, or some materials out of which more vital principle is formed?
54612	Is it supposed that a new organism, when specially created, is created out of nothing?
54612	Is not the growth of an organism an essentially similar process?
54612	Is the protoplasm then the active agent?
54612	Is there one kind of vital principle for all kinds of organisms, or is there a separate kind for each?
54612	Is this a credible conclusion?
54612	Is this principle of activity inherent in organic matter, or is it something superadded?
54612	It takes for its subject- matter such general questions as-- What is the end subserved by the union of sperm- cell and germ- cell?
54612	Let us, then, ask how, by natural selection, this complex apparatus of bones and muscles can have been developed,_ pari passu_ with the horns?
54612	Looking at the evidence thus brought together, do we not get an insight into the actions of nitrogenous matter as a worker of organic changes?
54612	May we not expect that it will show itself in the divided portions_ not_ flying apart, but remaining near each other, and forming a group?
54612	May we not suspect that it is connected( partially though not wholly) with the contrast between their amounts of locomotive exertion?
54612	Must we conclude that God went out of his way to devise an animal for these places?
54612	Must we then think, like Von Baer, that the distribution of kindred organisms through different media presents an insurmountable difficulty?
54612	Nay, indeed, would not this be much the easier?
54612	Now what is the process by which the moving equilibrium in any species becomes adapted to some additional external factor furthering its maintenance?
54612	Omitting sundry minor generalizations, the exposition of which would involve too much detail, what is to be said of these major generalizations?
54612	Passing from the evidence that evolution has taken place, to the question-- How has it taken place?
54612	Relations between what things?
54612	Shall we regard all the growing axes thus resulting from slips and grafts and buds, as parts of one individual or as distinct individuals?
54612	Shall we say five?
54612	Shall we say that these amount to one- tenth of the central ganglion?
54612	Shall we say that these degraded creatures, incapable of thought or enjoyment, were created that they might cause human misery?
54612	Shall we say that"the head and crown of things,"was provided as a habitat for these parasites?
54612	Such being the necessities of the case, what will happen on any successive or simultaneous fertilizations?
54612	Suppose that the head of a bison becomes much heavier, what must be the indirect results?
54612	The above induction is an approximate answer to the question--_When_ does gamogenesis recur?
54612	The question arises, then,--do variations of the appropriate kinds occur simultaneously in all these co- operative parts?
54612	The question is: Are the differences between species differences of adaptation?
54612	The ultimate mystery is as great as ever: seeing that there remains unsolved the question-- What_ determines_ the co- ordination of actions?
54612	There naturally arises the question-- How does it happen that parallel results are not observed in other cases?
54612	These proceedings have reference to constitutional needs; but how are they prompted?
54612	This answer to the question--_when_ does gamogenesis recur?
54612	This goes on with children and grandchildren for a few millions of years, and at last who can be astonished that the fins become feet?
54612	Those who think that divine power is demonstrated by special creations, have to answer the question-- to whom demonstrated?
54612	Though there may arise the question-- Why could they not have been avoided?
54612	To my immediate inquiry--"Was the male a wild pig?"
54612	To what end is this construction and re- construction?
54612	Under what circumstances do such modes of agamic multiplication, variously modified among parasites, occur?
54612	Under what form are we to conceive this dynamic element?
54612	Under what form has the vital principle existed during these long intervals?
54612	Under what influence is this action initiated and guided?
54612	Under what play of forces do these zoospores arrange themselves into this strange structure?
54612	Until some beneficial result has been felt from going through certain movements, what can suggest the execution of such movements?
54612	Was it all along present in the rotifer though asleep?
54612	Was the vital principle elsewhere during these years of absolute quiescence?
54612	We are concerned with the previous question-- What variations will arise?
54612	Well, in the first place, there might be asked the counter- question-- Where are the facts which disprove it?
54612	Were its structure and the accompanying instinct divinely planned to fit it to this particular habitat?
54612	What are the causes of variation?
54612	What are the conditions under which Genesis takes place?
54612	What are the laws of hereditary transmission?
54612	What are the probabilities that these two anomalous results should have arisen, under these exceptional conditions, as a matter of chance?
54612	What are the variations required?
54612	What are we to say of a laugh?
54612	What are we to say of the repeated cell- fissions by which in some types a blastula, or mulberry- mass, is formed, and in other types a blastoderm?
54612	What can be more widely contrasted than a newly- born child and the small, semi- transparent, gelatinous spherule constituting the human ovum?
54612	What do we find?
54612	What does the vital principle incorporate?
54612	What follows?
54612	What function does the nucleus discharge; and, more especially, what is the function discharged by the chromatin?
54612	What further modifications of habits were probably then acquired?
54612	What generates in the cow a desire to bite a substance so unlike in character to her ordinary food?
54612	What happens if instead of one organ we consider all the organs?
54612	What happens with the blow fly?
54612	What happens?
54612	What interpretation is to be put on these facts by those who espouse the hypothesis of special creations?
54612	What interpretation is to be put on these truths of classification?
54612	What is an individual?
54612	What is the generalization implied by these two groups of facts?
54612	What is the implication?
54612	What is the meaning of these differences?
54612	What is the most common trait in the development of the sexes?
54612	What is the physiological interpretation of these structures and changes?
54612	What is the relation between growth and expenditure of energy?
54612	What is to be thought of this creature?
54612	What kind of life does a crocodile lead?
54612	What kinds of individuals were the ancestral ants-- at first solitary, and then semi- social?
54612	What made them simultaneously vary in the requisite ways?
54612	What must be their properties?
54612	What must happen?
54612	What must have been the proximate causes of their variations?
54612	What must result?
54612	What must we say of the ability an organism has to re- complete itself when one of its parts has been cut off?
54612	What now happens when they are mixed?
54612	What observer has watched for forty years to see whether the fissiparous multiplication of_ Protozoa_ does not cease?
54612	What observer has watched for one year, or one month, or one week?
54612	What of its divided state?
54612	What reason have we for assuming that the inconveniently small tongues occur more frequently than the inconveniently large ones?
54612	What results?
54612	What shall we say of these leading truths when taken together?
54612	What shall we say to this arrangement?
54612	What shall we say when we see the inferior destroying the superior?
54612	What then are we to say-- what are we to think?
54612	What then has disappeared?
54612	What was the next step?
54612	What will be the characters of the developed insects?
54612	What will be the consequence?
54612	What will happen?
54612	What, again, is the meaning of extinction of types?
54612	What, however, are we to say of a multiaxial plant?
54612	What, in these cases, must the female do that she may rear members of the next generation?
54612	What, now, do we find among the organisms thus subject to various regular and irregular alterations of media?
54612	What, now, is the implication?
54612	What, then, is the meaning of these peculiar relations of organic forms?
54612	What, then, is the only defensible interpretation?
54612	What, then, is the probability that there will be two nearly blind ones, and that these will be thus carried?
54612	What, then, must happen with the queen- ant, which, through countless generations, has ceased to use certain structures and has lost them from disuse?
54612	What, then, must this division be?
54612	What, then, remains as the only possible interpretation?
54612	What, then, shall we say of the fore limbs and hind limbs of terrestrial mammals, which co- operate closely and perpetually?
54612	What, then, will in some cases happen, supposing there is an arrested development consequent on innutrition?
54612	Whence arises, then, their striking unlikeness of bulk?
54612	Whence comes that vital principle which determines the organizing process?
54612	Where is the_ exchange of services_ between somatic cells and reproductive cells?
54612	Where now are the facts supporting this assertion?
54612	Where, before life commenced, were the superior organisms from which these lowest organisms obtained their organic matter?
54612	Which alternative does he prefer?--to cast an imputation on the divine character or to assert a limitation of the divine power?
54612	Which do they prefer?
54612	Why can not all multiplication be carried on after the asexual method?
54612	Why does there not exist a bird of the size of an elephant?
54612	Why during thousands of generations has not the nervous structure giving this extreme discriminativeness dwindled away?
54612	Why is it that where agamogenesis prevails it is usually from time to time interrupted by gamogenesis?
54612	Why is this?
54612	Why is this?
54612	Why not assume"a fortuitous concourse of atoms"in its broad, simple form?
54612	Why should not all organisms, when supplied with sufficient materials, continue to grow as long as they live?
54612	Why should not omnipotence have been proved by the supernatural production of plants and animals everywhere throughout the world from hour to hour?
54612	Why should the inert_ Aphis_ and the swift- flying Emperor- butterfly be constructed on the same fundamental plan?
54612	Why should the thigh near the knee be twice as perceptive as the middle of the thigh?
54612	Why should there be no more somites in the Stick- insect, or other Phasmid a foot long, than there are in a small creature like the louse?
54612	Why should there exist this process of natural genesis?
54612	Why should they not have enlarged by deposit in them of superfluous materials?
54612	Why then do most of them run up during many preceding months?
54612	Why this unparalleled perceptiveness?
54612	Why under the down- covered body of a moth and under the hard wing- cases of a beetle, should there be discovered the same number of divisions?
54612	Why, then, should we suppose these rudiments to have become smaller?
54612	Will any one who contends that organisms were specially designed, assert that they could not have been so designed as to prevent suffering?
54612	With what other contrast between these classes, is this contrast connected?
54612	[ 26] What, now, are the implications?
54612	[ 53] How can the civilized races have been benefited in the struggle for life, by the slight decrease in these comparatively- small bones?
54612	and why he presents these difficulties to me, more especially; deliberately ignoring my own hypothesis of physiological units?
54612	and why is it that where agamogenesis prevails it is usually, from time to time, interrupted by gamogenesis?
54612	or again:--How can the act of secreting some defensive fluid correspond with some external danger which may never occur?
54612	or again:--How can the_ dynamical_ phenomena constituting perception correspond with the_ statical_ phenomena of the solid body perceived?
54612	or rather-- in what way does he conceive a new organism to be produced?
54612	or, if not, where and how did it pre- exist?
54612	or, indeed, how could it come to exist at all?
54612	still left unanswered the question--_why_ does gamogenesis recur?
54612	there does not arise the question-- Why were they deliberately inflicted?
54612	why were not their rates of multiplication, their degrees of intelligence, and their propensities, so adjusted that these sufferings might be escaped?