Distant Reader - subject-blasphemy-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 10 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 177,352 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 17,735 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 91. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, shall, christ, will, man, men, may, one, now, us, yet, sin, say, saith, therefore, non, great, roman, good, lord, day, things, truth, made, time, come, many, first, doth, know, stokes, also, coppin, take, make, people, though, must, see, world, much, others, church, parson, way, let, spirit, text, never, ever

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A blow at the serpent; or a gentle answer from Madiston prison to appease wrath advancing it self against truth and peace at Rochester. Together with the work of four daies disputes, in the Cathedral of Rochester, in the Countie of Kent, betweene several ministers, and Richard Coppin, preacher there, to whom very many people frequentlie came to hear, and much rejoyced at the way of truth and peace he preached, at the same whereof the ministers in those parts began to ring in their pulpits, saying, this man blasphemeth, ... Whereupon arose the disputes, at which were some magistrates, some officers, and souldiers, peaceable and well-minded, and very many people from all parts adjacent, before whom the truth was confirm''d and maintained. The whole matter written by the hearers, on both sides. Published for the confirmation and comfort of all such as receive the truth in the love of it. By Richard Coppin, now in Maidston Prison for the witness of Jesus. Twenty five articles since brought against him by the ministers, as blasphemie, and his answers to them, how he was, An answer to a printed book, falsely intituled, A blow at the serpent It being truly a blow of the serpent, lately published by one Richard Coppin. Wherein, among many others, these following heresies, and abominable errours of his, are briefly, and plainly confuted out of the word of God. 1 That the deitie of Christ was united to the sinful nature of man, and consequently that his conception was impure. 2 That there is no resurrection of the body. 3 That the pains of Hell are not eternal. 4 That there is no general day of judgement, but such a temporal judgement only as befals men in this world. 5 That God will not destroy any man, but only sin in man. 6 That all shall be saved, the divel not excepted. 7 That the humane nature of Christ is not ascended into Heaven. By Edward Garland M.A. and minister of Gods word at Hartclip [sic] in Kent., and An antidote against the poysonous vveeds of heretical blasphemies, which during the deplorable interval of church-government have grown up in the reforming Church of England. As it was lately presented to the Church of God at Great Yarmouth. / By Iohn Brinsley, Minister of the Gospel there. Augus. 10. 1650. Imprimatur, Edm. Calamy..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

roman non, jesus christ, holy ghost, mistress white, men shall, english books, lord jesus, early english, zealously affected, books online, right hand, mr stokes, god will, last day, early works, private informations, shall come, take heed, page images, scripture saith, left hand, creation partnership, every man, let us, text creation, richard coppin, amongst us, good men, among us, langley aforesaid, take notice, william lewis, saith paul, thomas webbe, one another, deponent saith, langley burhill, shall see, saith christ, must needs, parson webb, captain smith, thomas webb, humane nature, man shall, shall finde, take away, good works, christ took, mary white

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The VViltshire rant; or A narrative wherein the most unparallel''d prophane actings, counterfeit repentings, and evil speakings of Thomas Webbe late pretended minister of Langley Buriall, are discovered; the particulars whereof are set down in the following page. Also the proceedings of those in authority against him. With a catalogue of his untruths in his Masse of malice, and replies to sundry of them. by Edw. Stokes Esq; An antidote against the poysonous vveeds of heretical blasphemies, which during the deplorable interval of church-government have grown up in the reforming Church of England. As it was lately presented to the Church of God at Great Yarmouth. / By Iohn Brinsley, Minister of the Gospel there. Augus. 10. 1650. Imprimatur, Edm. Calamy., and A true narrative of the proceedings at the Sessions-house in the Old-Bayly at a sessions there held on Wednesday the 17th of January 1676/7. Giving a full account of the true tryal and sentence of Lodowick Muggleton for blasphemous words and books. As also the tryals and condemnation of a vvoman for killing her bastard-child; and of a man for personating another person in giving bayl before a judge. With an account how many are condenmed, burn''d in the hand, to be whipt, and transported. With allowance. Roger L''Estrange..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, tcp, lord, roman, resurrection, religion, law, gospel, early, day, church, christ, blasphemy, zealously, zeal, world, white, webb, vice, truth, thing, stokes, spirit, son, scriptures, scripture, rom, reformation, rant, paul, parson, page, mistress, miracles, ministers, men, mat, masse, lieutenant, laws, langley, justices, informations, honour, holy, ghost, father, duty, doctrine, deponent

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and A blow at the serpent; or a gentle answer from Madiston prison to appease wrath advancing it self against truth and peace at Rochester. Together with the work of four daies disputes, in the Cathedral of Rochester, in the Countie of Kent, betweene several ministers, and Richard Coppin, preacher there, to whom very many people frequentlie came to hear, and much rejoyced at the way of truth and peace he preached, at the same whereof the ministers in those parts began to ring in their pulpits, saying, this man blasphemeth, ... Whereupon arose the disputes, at which were some magistrates, some officers, and souldiers, peaceable and well-minded, and very many people from all parts adjacent, before whom the truth was confirm''d and maintained. The whole matter written by the hearers, on both sides. Published for the confirmation and comfort of all such as receive the truth in the love of it. By Richard Coppin, now in Maidston Prison for the witness of Jesus. Twenty five articles since brought against him by the ministers, as blasphemie, and his answers to them, how he was is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

man, men, sin, things, time, day, truth, people, others, way, thing, self, nature, scripture, life, place, sins, times, p., works, hand, world, flesh, page, body, name, death, t, doth, words, love, work, text, hath, part, end, fire, nothing, wife, word, reason, persons, none, malice, power, religion, spirit, judgement, saith, house

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, were, do, said, did, had, say, being, been, made, come, know, take, make, see, let, speak, done, am, prove, saved, go, give, according, believe, taken, answer, called, having, read, came, set, heard, bring, brought, hath, tell, has, cast, given, destroy, sent, put, laid, spoken, hear

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, christ, m., lord, coppin, stokes, hath, parson, zeal, church, webb, heaven, jesus, c., thou, gospel, law, holy, white, paul, spirit, blasphemy, tcp, resurrection, ministers, cor, w., mistress, rom, religion, father, doctrine, vice, son, hell, iohn, gods, masse, text, ghost, langley, men, world, mat, magistrates, apostle, sir, christians, chap, word

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, he, his, you, i, they, them, their, him, we, our, your, my, me, us, himself, her, she, themselves, thy, its, thee, ours, yours, ye, theirs, shou''d, mine, ''s, whip''d, us''d, one, isra''l, disus''d, clog''d, cha

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, non, other, -, roman, own, great, many, good, same, more, true, saith, last, first, much, second, present, whole, wicked, little, false, new, right, evil, guilty, better, early, holy, dead, several, old, few, least, general, full, most, best, spiritual, greater, former, like, eternal, sinful, high, doth, able, poor, greatest, free

not, so, then, now, therefore, up, more, also, most, yet, never, ever, as, here, out, very, only, well, again, there, thus, first, even, together, down, away, forth, much, too, in, still, all, before, far, rather, long, that, on, is, indeed, no, further, truly, surely, once, secondly, else, thereof, often, above

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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