quadgram

This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

quadgram frequency
by the action of558
in the form of512
in the presence of337
at the ordinary temperature272
at the same time202
it is evident that202
the bottom of the200
the surface of the192
in the case of187
the form of a185
in the same manner182
the weight of the181
a small quantity of178
by means of the171
the action of the166
a portion of the164
under the action of158
on the other hand152
the fact that the149
the composition of the130
the nature of the129
it is necessary to128
the properties of the126
in the formation of116
from the fact that113
the end of the111
in the preparation of111
to the action of108
the spirit of wine105
the atomic weight of105
the oxygen of the105
the specific gravity of105
a considerable quantity of101
for the preparation of101
the temperature of the101
at the bottom of99
the formation of the99
with a solution of99
by means of a98
parts by weight of96
by the fact that96
the same manner as93
to the fact that93
in the manufacture of93
a great deal of93
in a state of91
into the composition of91
at a red heat91
is one of the91
of the properties of91
it is easy to90
with the evolution of89
the whole of the88
with which it is87
a certain amount of87
the volume of the87
a certain quantity of85
according to the equation85
to a solution of83
to the formation of83
the atomic weights of83
in a stream of83
in the state of82
it is possible to79
the elements of the78
with an excess of78
for a long time78
in which it is77
is due to the77
the action of a77
as well as the76
the sides of the76
one and the same76
the presence of water76
the neck of the75
in a free state75
the formation of a75
that is to say74
a solution of potassium74
is soluble in water73
it is impossible to73
of the formation of73
on the surface of71
is evident that the71
under the influence of70
in the same way69
one of the most68
the action of heat68
a solution of a67
on a large scale67
with respect to the67
a large quantity of66
exposed to the air65
the sum of the65
the acid of sea65
obtained by the action65
in the first place65
with the formation of64
greater than that of64
the metals of the63
the water in the63
at a high temperature62
by the addition of62
is formed by the62
at the end of62
h so h o62
is insoluble in water61
in a solution of61
of the combinations of61
by the name of61
of the vitriolic acid61
a mixture of the61
to the bottom of60
a great number of60
at the expense of60
by the union of60
from time to time60
a solution of sodium59
bottom of the vessel59
a considerable amount of58
a part of the58
added to a solution58
on the basis of57
the decomposition of the57
the action of light57
of a mixture of57
the memoirs of the57
to the nature of57
in spirit of wine56
is obtained by the56
the heat of the56
the weight of a56
the action of water56
in proportion to the56
in the following manner55
table of the combinations55
a small amount of55
of the same nature55
c n h n55
memoirs of the academy54
for the purpose of54
the specific heat of54
the action of fire54
a solution of the53
and at the same53
the molecular weight of53
formed by the action53
a great quantity of52
the presence of a52
are soluble in water52
of the periodic law52
a large amount of52
on the fact that52
a degree of heat52
the presence of an51
from which it is51
under the name of51
a strong solution of51
in the open air50
in such a manner50
that it may be50
part by weight of50
a specific gravity of50
the presence of the49
the acid of the49
for the use of49
that it is not48
at the beginning of48
the variation of the48
atomic weights of the48
may be regarded as47
the weights of the47
that of boiling water47
the basis of the47
the greater part of47
of the law of47
by the means of47
this kind of air47
in accordance with the46
an excess of water46
of the nature of46
it must be observed46
neck of the retort46
the top of the46
the expense of the46
for the formation of46
in the fact that46
it is proper to46
a good deal of46
the difference between the46
than that of the46
of an excess of45
in the course of45
the determination of the45
of the alkaline earths45
in the memoirs of45
at the moment of45
by the help of45
if a solution of45
the case of the45
the action of chlorine45
of the composition of45
under a pressure of45
of a solution of45
it is capable of45
the fact that it44
all the properties of44
as soon as the44
with a mixture of44
of the elements of44
may be obtained by44
the moisture of the43
the separation of the43
may be separated from43
at a temperature of43
in this case the43
in order to obtain43
of spirit of wine43
of which it is43
the pressure of the43
are insoluble in water43
of the spirit of43
the cause of the43
an aqueous solution of43
oxygen of the air42
capable of combining with42
the law of multiple42
the combustion of the42
for the most part42
the law of substitution42
of hydrogen and oxygen42
be separated from the42
with the salifiable bases42
in the order of41
the amount of heat41
formed by the union41
is expressed by the41
the action of an41
is seen from the41
the rest of the41
to the quantity of41
a certain degree of40
moisture of the air40
the beginning of the40
in the majority of40
what has been said40
by the aid of40
in the decomposition of40
in an excess of40
is obtained in the40
is equal to the40
of the same kind39
the products of the39
of the oxides of39
that part of the39
the name of the39
its specific gravity is39
by weight of hydrogen39
the influence of the39
a whole series of38
to the presence of38
in the composition of38
by the combustion of38
with a small quantity38
for this purpose the38
and its combinations with38
as in the case38
in the solution of38
of the academy for38
when exposed to the38
on the addition of38
has a specific gravity38
on the one hand38
of the alkali metals38
is accompanied by the38
to the amount of37
the volumes of the37
so that it is37
two atoms of hydrogen37
a greater affinity with37
for the manufacture of37
the solution of the37
a very small quantity37
in the action of36
the relation between the36
the mass of the36
it is soluble in36
a saturated solution of36
in an atmosphere of36
met with in nature36
is evident from the36
surface of the earth36
of the substance dissolved36
of the compounds of36
is placed in a36
the same way as36
of the nitrous acid36
of the salts of36
be expressed by the36
presence of an excess36
the relative weights of36
to the law of35
one part by weight35
the study of the35
of the atoms of35
is used in the35
the quantity of the35
may be considered as35
the upper part of35
the hydrogen of the35
in exactly the same35
it is used in35
the flame of a35
expressed by the equation35
law of multiple proportions35
is used as a35
the product of the35
which are capable of35
be added to a35
a greater affinity than35
on account of the35
the oxides of nitrogen35
less than that of35
a small portion of35
set it in a35
the vapour density of35
by the decomposition of35
may be obtained from35
care must be taken34
to a certain degree34
iron filings and brimstone34
by this means the34
in a current of34
the action of acids34
as shown in the34
with the vitriolic acid34
in the university of34
in a concrete form34
the academy of sciences34
the same quantity of34
be looked for in34
the action of sulphuric34
in a liquid state34
weights of the elements34
brought into contact with34
a large proportion of34
the middle of the34
to be the case33
the properties of a33
metals of the alkaline33
when a solution of33
the law of avogadro33
greater part of the33
the regulus of antimony33
according to the law33
in a number of33
in the absence of33
the air in the33
with spirit of wine33
with a view to33
a sufficient quantity of33
is taken advantage of33
from what has been33
of the oxygen of33
the degree of heat33
by the combination of33
of this kind of33
takes place in the33
in the process of32
is a compound of32
with regard to the32
we shall afterwards see32
at the temperature of32
in the free state32
the fact that a32
which it may be32
the salts of the32
by the vitriolic acid32
on the th of32
of the atomic weights32
in the combustion of32
that there is a32
of the atomic theory32
the majority of cases32
upper part of the32
must be looked for32
a rise of temperature32
there is reason to32
an equal quantity of32
it is to be31
at a higher temperature31
upon the surface of31
the force of fire31
at the present time31
to make use of31
into a solution of31
the heat of boiling31
heat of boiling water31
easily soluble in water31
is based on the31
of the academy of31
action of sulphuric acid31
action of chlorine on31
a great part of31
the union of the31
the mouth of the31
a state of vapour31
the majority of the31
by weight of the31
may be expressed by31
of the products of31
by weight of oxygen30
for the same reason30
heating a mixture of30
the quantity of water30
put it into a30
in contact with the30
enter into the composition30
a stream of hydrogen30
combinations with salifiable bases30
in the second place30
the boiling point of30
as we shall afterwards30
is no other than30
end of the tube30
the royal college of30
seen from the fact30
with the acid of30
one atom of oxygen30
the density of the30
the presence of air30
the form of the30
of the action of30
to the surface of30
the receiver of an30
due to the fact30
a greater quantity of30
into contact with the30
insoluble in water and30
specific gravity of the30
which is insoluble in30
produced by the action30
the use of the29
to the conclusion that29
at the same temperature29
in a pure state29
that there is no29
the colour of the29
under the receiver of29
taken advantage of in29
the acid of vinegar29
the composition of water29
according to the nature29
on a solution of29
the composition of a29
the water of the29
a very gentle heat29
of the metals of29
by the use of29
of a fixed alkali29
receiver of an air29
a fresh quantity of29
through a solution of29
science and art department29
is determined by the29
soluble in water and29
the action of nitric29
small quantity of water29
it will be seen29
on account of its29
of the decomposition of28
the principles of the28
of the fact that28
i am about to28
of the carbonic anhydride28
of the combustion of28
with the aid of28
the door of the28
as soon as it28
from a solution of28
known by the name28
the physical properties of28
used in the preparation28
in order that the28
towards the end of28
of some of the28
and in so doing28
in the middle of28
by the formation of28
and for this reason28
by the presence of28
surface of the water28
the addition of a28
the same degree of28
the existence of a28
when we come to27
with which they are27
action of nitric acid27
it has been found27
in the properties of27
the reguline part of27
and this is the27
of the acid of27
its combinations with salifiable27
the evolution of heat27
it is probable that27
does not act on27
the state of gas27
the amount of the27
the quantity of caloric27
enters into the composition27
take place in the27
the order of affinity27
the temperature at which27
of its weight of27
it is necessary that27
is produced by the27
the tension of the27
exposed to the action27
a solution of caustic27
from the action of27
the decomposition of water27
the particles of the27
it is found in27
is added to the27
exposed to the fire27
the manner in which27
the passage of the27
the flame of the27
by means of which27
to a certain extent27
in which they are27
must be considered as27
oxygen from the air27
of the existence of27
metals of the alkalis27
oxygen of the atmosphere26
the parts of the26
in the retort a26
the inside of the26
the greatest part of26
the atoms of the26
by a mixture of26
in the nitrous acid26
the presence of alkalis26
of the solution of26
without the help of26
in a crystalline form26
in the periodic system26
a great variety of26
the spirit of nitre26
taken advantage of for26
by heating a mixture26
the most important of26
left in the retort26
is found in the26
in such a way26
to the sum of26
sparingly soluble in water26
different kinds of air26
to the end of26
to that of the26
the latent heat of26
over into the receiver26
and the formation of26
for the extraction of26
with some of the26
a state of equilibrium25
with which it was25
be added to the25
the moment of its25
in the proportion of25
action of hydrochloric acid25
is added to a25
it is not surprising25
the evolution of oxygen25
the essence of the25
the same nature with25
the amount of oxygen25
solution of sodium carbonate25
is greater than that25
by the evolution of25
one atom of hydrogen25
of the marine acid25
the reason of this25
and that it is25
a compound of the25
concentrated oil of vitriol25
an account of the25
the result of the25
of the atoms in25
mixed with a solution25
one volume of oxygen25
greater degree of heat25
the aid of heat25
able to combine with25
of an electric current24
the magnitude of the24
of the molecules of24
we have already seen24
be found in the24
the action of hydrochloric24
be passed through a24
is the case with24
at a pressure of24
by means of an24
to the number of24
to the degree of24
and therefore it is24
with a rise of24
with that of the24
the water in which24
with the marine acid24
of the weights of24
subjected to the action24
but it is not24
of one of the24
the direct action of24
very small quantity of24
properties of the elements24
the products of combustion24
a given quantity of24
made use of in24
may be made to24
the application of the24
as is seen from24
is replaced by the24
of the vapour of24
of a galvanic current24
water at the ordinary24
depends on the fact24
that there may be24
so as to make24
into a glass retort24
of the principles of24
compounds of the type24
must be observed that24
to the weight of24
the solubility of the24
in the study of24
of the elements in24
of the three principles23
in the same proportion23
be obtained by the23
with a portion of23
with a fixed alkali23
of spirit of salt23
action of an electric23
to the study of23
of the quantity of23
form of a white23
action of the fire23
quantity of common air23
in order to make23
the amount of water23
has not yet been23
must be regarded as23
in the history of23
may be taken as23
of the nitric acid23
an excess of the23
so as to be23
no other than the23
it is obtained by23
in a similar manner23
the atoms in the23
remains in the retort23
h o h o23
the quantity of oxygen23
with a gentle heat23
this is due to23
of peroxide of hydrogen23
you will find in23
by the same means23
which is soluble in23
is decomposed by water23
a salt of the23
of the sulphuric acid23
relative weights of the23
hydrogen is replaced by23
quarter of an hour23
the force of the23
as a reducing agent23
must be taken to23
of iron filings and23
physical and chemical properties23
in a closed vessel23
the oxides of the23
there can be no23
in the bottom of23
of the vapours of23
separated from each other23
hath a greater affinity23
in the neighbourhood of23
solution of caustic potash23
the place of the23
it is insoluble in23
a mixture of hydrogen23
of the royal society23
in favour of the23
it is best to23
the ratio of the23
the nitrogen of the23
the body of the23
owing to the fact23
as shown in fig23
action of a galvanic23
of the water in22
the vessel in which22
of the component parts22
the addition of water22
a solution of silver22
there will come over22
the same relation to22
the evolution of hydrogen22
is found to be22
the difference of the22
the same amount of22
surface of the liquor22
it is difficult to22
and in this respect22
obtained in the form22
at the positive pole22
the fact that in22
the height of the22
with the oxygen of22
of a yellow colour22
a dilute solution of22
before and after the22
a very high temperature22
of the atomic weight22
it will not be22
does not take place22
coming into contact with22
of which they are22
end of the operation22
is carried on in22
the calcination of metals22
is easily soluble in22
without the aid of22
to a red heat22
of a series of22
by which means the22
in the shape of22
a portion of its22
attention to the fact22
if you desire to22
separated from it by22
is not the case22
in parts of water22
a current of air22
may also be obtained22
bottom of the retort22
with a very gentle22
is accompanied by a22
the point of saturation22
to the class of22
of the most important22
by the force of22
is a substance which22
a large number of22
the law of the22
are capable of being22
that the amount of22
of sulphuric acid on22
for the sake of22
the interior of the22
as well as in21
a stream of chlorine21
it is certain that21
and the quantity of21
by little and little21
in proportion as the21
the appearance of a21
the presence of acids21
an equal weight of21
a considerable degree of21
a quarter of an21
one or the other21
the basis of sea21
two volumes of hydrogen21
a change in the21
solution of hydrochloric acid21
the preparation of chlorine21
in an aqueous solution21
part of this work21
as to make the21
and that of the21
so much the more21
found it to be21
to be able to21
than is necessary to21
for this reason it21
owing to the formation21
we may add that21
in a reverberating furnace21
on the formation of21
have the property of21
of the four elements21
if a mixture of21
fact that it is21
is heated in a21
as much as possible21
the nitrous acid is21
which is capable of21
as is the case21
the spirit of salt21
to which it is21
be reduced to a21
of the air is21
be exposed to the21
is not to be21
is obtained as a21
the substance to be21
with water of crystallisation21
of oxygen and hydrogen21
the science and art21
is also formed by21
that a solution of21
part of the acid21
even at the ordinary21
the vapour tension of21
accompanied by the evolution21
for this reason the21
the number of the21
we have seen that21
to free it from21
spirit of sal ammoniac21
a solution of ammonia21
with a change of21
a solution of this21
in consequence of the21
part of the air21
is not soluble in21
chymists are wont to21
a mixture of potassium21
as we shall see21
may be obtained in21
is connected with the21
the phlogiston of the21
soluble in spirit of21
at a white heat21
the quantity of heat21
to the point of20
entering into the composition20
in the vapour of20
expressed by the formula20
is not able to20
without the addition of20
a much greater quantity20
in a cool place20
equal to the sum20
the same kind of20
the level of the20
pressure of the atmosphere20
the lower part of20
the bowels of the20
sides of the vessel20
to the sides of20
of the particles of20
the difference in the20
the same as that20
it may be said20
that the volume of20
in a glass vessel20
that it does not20
of all the elements20
the molecular weights of20
a greater degree of20
the number of molecules20
slightly soluble in water20
of water in the20
will be seen that20
the discovery of the20
in the act of20
at the negative pole20
has a greater affinity20
a little of the20
is known to be20
with a degree of20
such a manner as20
from a mixture of20
it is well known20
such a degree of20
that it is a20
be considered as a20
in a mixture of20
expressed by the following20
surface of the metal20
it is evident from20
in this case it20
are formed by the20
as that of the20
mixture of iron filings20
has the property of20
bowels of the earth20
spirit of wine is20
not soluble in water20
professor of chemistry in20
certain degree of heat20
system of the elements20
into a liquid state20
oxyd of zinc zinc20
one part of the20
in which it was20
the component parts of20
weight of a litre20
may be replaced by19
with one atom of19
expense of the oxygen19
latent heat of evaporation19
h o c h19
to the top of19
very soluble in water19
many of the properties19
the volume of a19
of a small quantity19
the type of the19
comes into contact with19
molecular weight of the19
as we have seen19
the vitriolic acid with19
the compounds of the19
in the place of19
have a greater affinity19
be regarded as a19
with the spirit of19
of the other elements19
is a sort of19
prepared by the action19
with the heat of19
the facility with which19
as a source of19
in a gaseous state19
by which it is19
in the combination of19
is met with in19
mixture of nitrous air19
and in the same19
exactly the same manner19
in order to separate19
in a closed tube19
reason to think that19
the number of atoms19
equal to that of19
a few drops of19
is reason to think19
of each of the19
the specific gravities of19
so as to form19
the formation of ice19
the volume of air19
in a melting furnace19
part of its weight19
may be converted into19
such a manner that19
from each other by19
the cream of tartar19
i have here a19
the relation of the19
in the flame of19
is said to be19
considerable amount of heat19
than that of boiling19
the violence of the19
will be found in19
by a solution of19
with the nitrous acid19
the lower oxides of19
decomposed by the action19
the aid of the19
under the head of19
shall have occasion to19
and on the other19
due to the presence19
it is a very19
the spectrum of the19
of the theory of19
it is also formed19
as one of the19
the molecules of the19
to be met with19
falls to the bottom18
and one volume of18
are said to be18
excess of hydrochloric acid18
it is found that18
the oxidation of the18
by the acid of18
in the following chapter18
of many of the18
an evolution of heat18
and by that means18
is not surprising that18
from it by the18
is absorbed by the18
of the tria prima18
by the evaporation of18
is less than that18
it is remarkable that18
lower oxides of nitrogen18
it seems to me18
of a litre of18
at a low temperature18
great part of the18
the formation of water18
not acted on by18
as well as of18
it ought to be18
a long time in18
in the following way18
it is not necessary18
the quantity of air18
as fast as it18
is placed in the18
with the substitution of18
of air in which18
as an oxidising agent18
the oil of vitriol18
combines with the oxygen18
with the exception of18
the combining weight of18
that a mixture of18
as far as possible18
of carbonic acid gas18
action of water on18
is formed in the18
the hydrogen and oxygen18
the walls of the18
an atom of hydrogen18
a quantity of water18
is an example of18
are capable of forming18
on the subject of18
that the weight of18
separate it from the18
of the same elements18
is passed through the18
a mixture of nitrous18
the mercury in the18
when it is in18
in a glass tube18
same manner as the18
in order to free18
having a greater affinity18
especially in the presence18
the precipitation of the18
by means of this18
is the same as18
weights of the atoms18
in addition to this18
a white precipitate of18
of a number of18
raise the temperature of18
by the interposition of18
it may be obtained18
this is the case18
parts of water at18
from which they are18
the conception of the18
the removal of the18
any kind of air18
solution of this salt18
be exposed to a18
p o h o18
an equal volume of18
of the specific gravity18
in the bowels of18
takes the place of18
the state of the18
the doctrine of the18
the present state of18
the possibility of the18
the absolute boiling point17
temperature of the formation17
dissolved in the water17
smoking spirit of nitre17
the cause of this17
in the distillation of17
and in the second17
is not acted on17
the combination of the17
can be obtained from17
by the heat of17
door of the fire17
widely distributed in nature17
be remarked that the17
a solution of copper17
the vapour of the17
violence of the fire17
be mixed with the17
an equal number of17
quantity of inflammable air17
a substance which is17
and also by the17
the focus of a17
in a similar way17
it is a sign17
there is no doubt17
on the sides of17
the production of the17
to a high temperature17
bottom of the crucible17
the proportion of the17
gives a precipitate of17
the sulphur of the17
it is converted into17
of oil of vitriol17
state in which it17
atoms in the molecules17
of spirit of nitre17
volume of the gas17
deprived of its phlogiston17
is not the only17
that the acid of17
but if it be17
small quantity of a17
it has been shown17
the light emitted by17
to the state of17
is not at all17
may be used for17
the first of these17
the evaporation of the17
do not act on17
is well known that17
reason to believe that17
the oxygen from the17
a mixture of iron17
the preparation of the17
formed by the combination17
out of the furnace17
from the decomposition of17
in a very small17
to separate it from17
the direction of the17
to me to be17
the same composition as17
by a method of17
is also obtained by17
for the production of17
the two kinds of17
sum of the weights17
fall to the bottom17
of sulphuric acid and17
in this manner the17
the coefficient of expansion17
the butter of antimony17
by the following equation17
specific gravity of solutions17
from which it may17
the addition of any17
the same number of17
also formed by the17
the periodic system of17
on which account it17
they are capable of17
is converted into a17
of animal and vegetable17
flame of a candle17
of chemistry in the17
it is not a17
solutions of sulphuric acid17
without access of air17
met with in the17
this depends on the17
is seen in the17
the great quantity of17
of a white powder17
for this purpose i17
is decomposed by the17
of the periodic system17
are capable of combining17
twice its weight of17
by the periodic law17
that the formation of17
within the limits of17
it is sufficient to17
of the number of17
be considered as the17
in a vessel of17
of potassium and sodium17
than any of the17
be obtained in a17
as a matter of16
by the oxidation of16
of one pound of16
in the spectrum of16
reguline part of antimony16
the same nature as16
we shall have occasion16
weight of the air16
a pressure of atmospheres16
and also in the16
in the royal college16
it in the form16
on the nature of16
a mixture of two16
the solution of a16
of regulus of antimony16
it will be sufficient16
of the carbonic acid16
the investigation of the16
are produced by the16
a quantity of air16
of gold and silver16
it was found that16
the preparation of oxygen16
that they may be16
with the separation of16
is the same thing16
from the spirit of16
the formation of this16
for the determination of16
was found to be16
spirit of wine with16
after a certain time16
the substance of the16
is necessary that the16
of the weight of16
it consists of a16
it is possible that16
come to treat of16
is explained by the16
in a solid state16
from that of the16
differ from each other16
which are insoluble in16
a solution of ammonium16
in the interior of16
is used for the16
of the principle of16
the acid of nitre16
the knowledge of the16
it is equal to16
also be obtained by16
that the quantity of16
to such a degree16
c h c h16
the amount of carbonic16
you will find a16
is a mixture of16
in a small quantity16
but it must be16
the same as in16
mixture of hydrogen and16
of oxygen in the16
of the temperature of16
added to the solution16
mixed with a small16
it is much more16
the pores of the16
the particles of bodies16
attracts the moisture of16
large quantity of water16
like that of the16
used in the manufacture16
of the solar spectrum16
so as not to16
of one atom of16
of temperature and pressure16
a number of other16
so long as the16
which is formed by16
of plants and animals16
is obtained by heating16
into the neck of16
being exposed to the16
in a great measure16
to raise the temperature16
that the composition of16
of sodium and potassium16
vegetable and animal substances16
the properties of an16
volatile spirit of sal16
but it does not16
air in which a16
part of the furnace16
the conditions under which16
to combine with the16
for a considerable time16
for the fact that16
of the uneven series16
which one atom of16
a number of substances16
by the direct action16
which are soluble in16
the side of the16
of the indestructibility of16
it is not so16
as not to be16
be mixed with a16
the nose of the16
periodic system of the16
the specific heats of16
atoms in the molecule16
the essential oil of15
of the specific heat15
of the last century15
of water of crystallisation15
the quantity of acid15
be seen in the15
atomic weight of oxygen15
three atoms of hydrogen15
the way in which15
this degree of heat15
when treated with water15
air which had been15
this is the reason15
of a portion of15
the motion of the15
the earth of the15
is a kind of15
the position of the15
diminution of common air15
of elements and compounds15
of the fixed air15
any of the other15
mixing a solution of15
the volume occupied by15
is found in nature15
lower part of the15
parts of water dissolve15
the character of the15
at the time of15
the remainder of the15
and in this manner15
with the addition of15
be separated from it15
in the former case15
the reduction of the15
of nitric acid on15
a consequence of the15
the course of the15
you will see the15
of the science and15
be taken advantage of15
it is decomposed by15
or a mixture of15
the operation is finished15
has been found that15
nature of the elements15
of the substances which15
spectrum of the light15
is sparingly soluble in15
that spirit of wine15
is poured into the15
of each of these15
a manner as to15
it is very difficult15
in an anhydrous state15
regulus of antimony is15
is mixed with a15
and a solution of15
in a liquid form15
of substances which are15
the composition of this15
solution of sodium hydroxide15
proportion to the quantity15
so that it may15
a combination of the15
similar to that of15
is far from being15
it must not be15
from this it is15
in which one atom15
is used in medicine15
is capable of dissolving15
by an excess of15
solution of silver nitrate15
there is great reason15
to the extent of15
solution of potassium hydroxide15
from what hath been15
one of the best15
quantity of sulphuric acid15
to be found in15
in the ratio of15
the history of the15
it follows that the15
have not yet been15
in the next place15
atoms of the elements15
for the first time15
and by this means15
and it may be15
excess of sulphuric acid15
be placed in the15
of the hydrogen in15
are decomposed by water15
it is clear that15
with one volume of15
is represented by the15
of the elements are15
the nitric acid is15
is not capable of15
which you intend to15
in a short time15
to be the same15
the double decomposition of15
a matter of fact15
but it may be15
the carbon and hydrogen15
determining the composition of15
exposure to the air15
as it was before15
the higher oxides of15
it may be supposed15
what hath been said15
presence of a small15
present in the air15
up to the present15
hath the property of15
under the same conditions15
we come to treat15
the whole mass of15
the help of the15
and the volume of15
with a small amount15
an excess of hydrochloric15
from the law of15
the results of the15
at the top of15
of which we have15
the same way that15
when the operation is15
the different kinds of15
of the even series15
just as in the15
in consequence of which15
the indestructibility of matter15
it is very important15
of the nitrous air15
into double decomposition with15
is nothing more than15
that the nitrous acid15
weight of the substance15
it is one of15
from the sphere of15
two kinds of air15
different from that of15
of the electric current15
an absorption of heat15
from the experiments of15
of the mass of15
used in the arts15
forms one of the15
the same time the15
temperature of the atmosphere15
the quality of the15
than when it is15
is owing to the15
h o n o15
variation of the specific15
an ingredient in the15
the dry distillation of15
of this or that15
a certain portion of15
is contained in the15
of their atomic weights15
in combination with the15
in the mean time15
of salt of tartar15
the second part of15
a mixture of sodium15
salt of the composition15
to the ancient chemists15
is proportional to the15
a pressure of mm15
of the vessel in15
be regarded as the15
of a red colour15
the water contained in15
solution of caustic soda14
i am going to14
it may be that14
portion of the air14
which is not the14
small quantity of the14
bottom of the cucurbit14
the hydrogen is replaced14
the water of crystallisation14
of the variation of14
that the density of14
the members of the14
the commencement of the14
by virtue of the14
has been said above14
unknown to the ancient14
with the fact that14
atomic weight of the14
all parts of the14
times its weight of14
temperature at which the14
will find in the14
the corresponding compounds of14
the progress of the14
this mixture into a14
a liquid boiling at14
it may be separated14
part of the water14
the combustion of charcoal14
come over into the14
by means of heat14
the help of a14
higher degree of oxidation14
to the composition of14
application of the law14
the action of zinc14
is separated from the14
the sphere of action14
it is of great14
than that which is14
the increase in weight14
is by no means14
used for the preparation14
those substances which are14
the case of a14
the strength of the14
bears the name of14
this is not the14
if a piece of14
it comes to pass14
salts of the composition14
the names of the14
resists the action of14
the theory of the14
is great reason to14
is obtained in solution14
and if it be14
from the presence of14
in water and in14
not give a precipitate14
mixture of solutions of14
number of atoms of14
the oxygen compounds of14
that the action of14
the operation of the14
with the salts of14
the composition of these14
is very soluble in14
h o co h14
be dissolved in water14
be obtained in the14
it combines with the14
it is combined with14
by the burning of14
action of acids on14
what is the same14
the acid and the14
owing to the presence14
large amount of heat14
does not combine with14
when brought into contact14
water in which it14
amount of carbonic anhydride14
the effect of the14
by the weight of14
in this state it14
be placed in a14
is capable of being14
volumes of hydrogen and14
of hydrochloric acid on14
of a volatile alkali14
not combine directly with14
is converted into the14
to be regarded as14
employed for this purpose14
but also by the14
into a vessel containing14
parts of the body14
the following are the14
of which we shall14
the presence of oxygen14
of water at the14
is evolved in the14
which corresponds with the14
in the same proportions14
the elements of water14
part of the oxygen14
give a precipitate of14
is obtained from the14
of the air in14
solution of sulphuric acid14
evident from the fact14
heat evolved in the14
which is one of14
of the platinum metals14
of the reacting substances14
the combustion of hydrogen14
an equivalent quantity of14
we see that the14
in a given time14
in the latter case14
in dissolving in water14
with which it forms14
from its solution in14
and the properties of14
may be reduced to14
is the same with14
by the application of14
at a certain temperature14
and a half of14
greater affinity with the14
the oxygen in the14
an excess of ammonia14
elements of the theory14
carried off by the14
this is done by14
that a portion of14
but a very small14
brought about by the14
is nothing but a14
the conclusion that the14
the length of the14
having a specific gravity14
in which the hydrogen14
the property of dissolving14
a degree of fire14
it must be remarked14
royal college of science14
that the atomic weight14
with a layer of14
the influence of heat14
means of the phlogiston14
is passed through a14
a pretty considerable quantity14
which it is combined14
of calcium and magnesium14
is proper to observe14
as a means for14
if the water be14
of the application of14
of the hydrogen of14
turn our attention to14
the order of their14
kind of air is14
of carbonic anhydride in14
i have not yet14
order to free it14
of the anhydrous salt14
does not give a14
is formed as a14
being exposed to a14
as a consequence of13
but in the presence13
that it cannot be13
of the influence of13
the explanation of the13
by the solution of13
of the air which13
the nature of this13
put this mixture into13
of carbon and hydrogen13
will unite with the13
to a degree of13
the proportions in which13
you desire to have13
attract the moisture of13
the vapours of the13
equal to the weight13
candle to burn in13
it is of a13
the series of the13
which is to be13
the gas which is13
is founded on the13
quantity of nitrous air13
from those of the13
the combustion of a13
solution of sodium sulphate13
to unite with the13
the small portion of13
the beginning of this13
in which a candle13
salts of carbonic acid13
the ratio between the13
it appears to me13
reduced to a regulus13
a more or less13
at the age of13
the access of air13
in order to determine13
which is obtained by13
it is also used13
and has a specific13
specific heat of the13
which we have already13
enters into double decomposition13
a greater number of13
that it is possible13
that many of the13
the action of ammonia13
quantity of a substance13
soluble in an excess13
a proof of the13
the addition of the13
heat of formation of13
and illustrations in the13
the principle of substitution13
to their atomic weights13
the nature of a13
it is used as13
it does not form13
the minute particles of13
was supposed to be13
in this respect the13
come into contact with13
the elements in the13
acid with the salifiable13
remains in the form13
of the two substances13
the salt of tartar13
which account it is13
recourse must be had13
may be determined by13
found to be the13
salts of the type13
the constituent elements of13
the melting point of13
na so h o13
of the elements and13
as much of the13
moisture from the air13
the action of hydrogen13
in the common temperature13
it is formed by13
of the neutral salts13
the case in the13
focus of a burning13
conditions of temperature and13
of the light emitted13
soluble in cold water13
heat of the sun13
has long been known13
as to form a13
in the amount of13
of the same type13
an excess of acid13
accompanied by the formation13
number of the elements13
of the normal salt13
a knowledge of the13
to the discovery of13
in a dry state13
not only by the13
on the properties of13
cannot be considered as13
the amount of carbon13
in very small quantities13
if the temperature be13
which ought to be13
a third part of13
i do not think13
it burns with a13
heat is evolved in13
illustrations in the text13
the ease with which13
amount of sulphuric acid13
be met with in13
if i take a13
prepared on a large13
in a glass retort13
considerable degree of heat13
it is used for13
by heating it with13
force of the fire13
a candle to burn13
weight of an element13
as would be expected13
we know that the13
it would have been13
the form of air13
to the end that13
by the nitrous acid13
and in the other13
not only in the13
an alkaline solution of13
from the combustion of13
the form of an13
of the majority of13
cannot be separated from13
the mixture of the13
may be seen in13
which it is formed13
for this purpose a13
through the pores of13
is shown by the13
the properties of this13
of the parts of13
the sulphides of the13
is removed from the13
a part of it13
it was necessary to13
the solubility of a13
explained by the fact13
much greater quantity of13
put them into a13
pretty considerable quantity of13
is the only one13
the existence of the13
the reaction takes place13
of two or more13
the several sorts of13
one of the first13
with which we are13
is very important to13
and set it in13
air contained in the13
be expected from the13
a quantity of this13
is made use of13
and the amount of13
action of the air13
and a whole series13
with strong sulphuric acid13
vessel in which the13
parts of the salt13
accordance with the equation13
salts of nitric acid13
in the molecule of13
and as it is13
manufacture of sulphuric acid13
is a sign that13
spirit of nitre is13
of hydrogen and one13
the air contained in13
in spirit of nitre13
atomic weight of an13
must be remarked that13
to form a compound13
to burn in it13
to one of the13
we find that the13
by agitation in water13
the extraction of the13
can be obtained by13
at a given temperature13
acid does not act13
h is replaced by13
of the elements which13
to pass through a13
an idea of the13
the chemical properties of13
an excess of alkali13
of sulphuric acid is13
that portion of the13
on a mixture of13
solution of potassium permanganate13
from the surface of13
in the oxyhydrogen flame13
acts as an oxidising13
of nitrogen with oxygen13
by the mixture of13
at a lower temperature13
a very short time13
which enter into the13
this reason it is13
per parts of water12
the formation of compounds12
sides of the receiver12
of the salt of12
from which it was12
the fact that they12
reason for thinking that12
or by the action12
contains a mixture of12
which it is composed12
the ends of the12
the vegetable and animal12
is so much the12
the formation of such12
in this case there12
shown in the equation12
by the same method12
from the union of12
of a silent discharge12
the decomposition of a12
the development of the12
in the air of12
with the basis of12
the small parts of12
into its component parts12
with degrees of fire12
with the amount of12
zinc and sulphuric acid12
at the boiling point12
must be had to12
in order to prevent12
carbonic acid gas is12
the marine acid is12
an excess of sulphuric12
with those of the12
essence of the matter12
salt by means of12
half its weight of12
capable of entering into12
of the hydrogen is12
the evolution of the12
to be capable of12
according to the above12
that they are not12
of the hydrogen and12
is composed of two12
the importance of the12
matters with which it12
which it is united12
of the quantities of12
the addition of an12
with a quantity of12
certain quantity of the12
the corresponding salts of12
elements of the soil12
in the second part12
be left in the12
as it is in12
of tartar combined with12
it is the same12
that in this case12
as if it were12
chemical properties of the12
no other than a12
take a piece of12
may be shown by12
set fire to the12
the constituents of the12
of the institution of12
the quantities of the12
a weighed quantity of12
used in place of12
is soluble in an12
a series of experiments12
and on this account12
examples from examination papers12
till nothing more will12
are more or less12
the hydrate of the12
a certain number of12
solution of potassium cyanide12
be looked on as12
a mixture of carbonic12
that it is the12
put the mixture into12
the former of these12
during the combustion of12
the vitriolic acid is12
a mixture of solutions12
certain quantity of water12
same as that of12
represented in the equation12
when dissolved in water12
acid unites with the12
quantity of carbonic acid12
more soluble in water12
the structure of the12
in a quantity of12
from the composition of12
exactly the same way12
is a white solid12
of this salt is12
it in the same12
will come over a12
the extent to which12
as represented in the12
make use of the12
to the consistence of12
at the royal institution12
the greatest affinity with12
of the volumes of12
in order to remove12
must be taken into12
acid contained in the12
separate from each other12
it is in the12
it will be found12
in that case the12
any one of the12
the substitution of the12
of nitric acid and12
of the gas is12
be said to be12
which is proper to12
possible to determine the12
made to pass through12
the acid of vitriol12
the help of fire12
introduction to the study12
obtained by the decomposition12
of nitrogen and hydrogen12
from which they were12
the velocity of the12
a given volume of12
may be said that12
the vessel containing the12
find in the receiver12
volume of the air12
of heat evolved in12
the combustion of sulphur12
mixture of oxygen and12
a mixture of oxygen12
the substances obtained from12
in the space of12
in a few days12
by the number of12
if the solution be12
of the acid salt12
which take place in12
is so great that12
to a fine powder12
seems to have been12
the capacity of the12
of the structure of12
a large mass of12
it is mixed with12
in respect to the12
volume of a gas12
of the common air12
the author of the12
to be the most12
according to the degree12
the limits of experimental12
a definite quantity of12
the distribution of the12
air in which candles12
in the heat of12
the study of chemistry12
had the curiosity to12
a vast number of12
to think that the12
of the oil of12
the idea of the12
the same time a12
the oxide of copper12
to the flame of12
an example of the12
this is a very12
of the column of12
one atom of the12
by the electric current12
the science of chemistry12
by the same process12
of the phenomena of12
a great affinity with12
it the name of12
of a compound is12
the reaction of the12
it is only necessary12
such a way that12
between the atomic weights12
absorbed by the water12
in the midst of12
expressed in the following12
the oxides of iron12
for determining the composition12
in the highest degree12
very different from the12
one volume of hydrogen12
to convert it into12
our attention to the12
the acid properties of12
it is seen that12
this is one of12
based on the fact12
such a way as12
the time of the12
is the reason why12
be put into a12
this shows that the12
side by side with12
be introduced into the12
is wont to be12
bodies by the fire12
in this way the12
the smallest particle of12
it is able to12
a quantity of inflammable12
which have been made12
the preparation of hydrogen12
one volume of nitrogen12
into combination with the12
a quantity of the12
and you will find12
air at the ordinary12
and after the experiment12
and found it to12
from the solution by12
it is true that12
the air from the12
one and the other12
can be prepared by12
account for the fact12
of the animal body12
units of heat are12
nitrogen of the air12
in the production of12
spirit of wine to12
the salts of potassium12
for which reason it12
a temperature of about12
sum of the volumes12
of the atom of12
from each other in12
it might be expected12
known under the name12
the close of the12
are found in the12
it may also be12
we shall see in12
of strong sulphuric acid12
may be said to12
and the number of12
a given weight of12
of the presence of12
as the atomic weight12
small amount of water12
in the neck of12
are not capable of12
this part of the12
in a chemical sense12
is capable of forming12
law of multiple proportion12
carried up by the12
the quantity of a12
and properties of the12
this case it is12
in the passage of12
does not form any12
solution of copper sulphate12
of the acid and12
will be sufficient to12
is of the same12
in this respect it12
for the decomposition of12
so far as is12
h o h so12
passed through a solution12
royal college of physicians12
be observed that the12
that the particles of12
of the amount of12
degree of heat than12
it seems to be12
without the intervention of11
in this manner it11
the heat of combustion11
which is able to11
seems to me that11
by the affusion of11
vegetable and animal bodies11
one or other of11
for a certain time11
of the th century11
may be employed for11
at the other end11
be made use of11
the solution of this11
method for the preparation11
and the mixture is11
of the flame of11
after the lapse of11
obtained in a pure11
amount of heat evolved11
from this point of11
the conversion of the11
like that which is11
in connection with the11
weight of a substance11
may be taken advantage11
of equal volumes of11
an ammoniacal solution of11
it is prepared by11
action of a solution11
is able to combine11
is mixed with the11
heated to a high11
the details of the11
the other part of11
in a solid form11
the air in which11
a stream of carbonic11
of combining with the11
to act on the11
this point of view11
evolved in the formation11
i made use of11
it hath been shewn11
and the weight of11
is distinguished for its11
the fire a little11
to the periodic law11
in the even series11
portion of the acid11
is the cause of11
of the members of11
by which they are11
it is obvious that11
may be divided into11
of the air was11
the sum total of11
in the usual temperature11
state of equilibrium is11
have been able to11
as is seen in11
component parts of the11
and under a pressure11
at a temperature t11
in the same form11
is obtained in a11
in a certain degree11
of hydrogen and charcoal11
some part of the11
made use of for11
with a naked fire11
into a neutral salt11
in the liquid state11
it is not the11
spirit of wine be11
a cubic centimetre of11
the action of phosphorus11
in the forme of11
the arrangement of the11
molecular weight of a11
it is most important11
in the laboratory of11
a mixture of these11
in order to understand11
treated with sulphuric acid11
as in the former11
with which we shall11
of the chemical elements11
the atom of the11
is applied to the11
shown in the following11
the surface of a11
the quantity of carbonic11
solution of potassium iodide11
is then to be11
is shown in the11
give an account of11
and in the presence11
s o h o11
the weight of water11
it is in a11
takes place at the11
the growth of the11
the part of the11
in the hands of11
carbonic anhydride and water11
for this purpose it11
and the substance dissolved11
are able to give11
of the same composition11
left exposed to the11
of all the metals11
the composition c h11
as a compound of11
the existence of an11
as an oxidizing agent11
moment of its evolution11
were unknown to the11
a single atom of11
surface of the mercury11
in the water of11
a much smaller quantity11
if i may so11
same as in the11
capable of uniting with11
greatest part of the11
water and carbonic acid11
is in accordance with11
looked for in works11
to take notice of11
the complexity of the11
a much greater degree11
as directed in the11
with a piece of11
weight of a cubic11
the edge of the11
it is plain that11
of the two gases11
the energy of the11
of carbon and oxygen11
formed according to the11
that it was not11
in the manner described11
with the increase of11
according to the determinations11
a higher degree of11
shown in the figure11
rectified spirit of wine11
solution of sodium chloride11
there is no reason11
the principles of which11
by an electric current11
in water and alcohol11
the mixture is heated11
it is a compound11
of an acid with11
that the number of11
is introduced into the11
this state it is11
to pass through the11
is also used in11
of the diminution of11
in the analysis of11
the proportion in which11
with a certain quantity11
is exactly the same11
nose of the retort11
the effects of the11
by its union with11
animal and vegetable substances11
the ordinary temperature in11
from the salts of11
of henry and dalton11
law of the indestructibility11
that some of the11
by mixing it with11
soluble in water than11
which a mixture of11
it is a white11
an increase of pressure11
be seen that the11
has a stronger affinity11
from the nature of11
law of henry and11
it must be remembered11
this is the most11
have the power of11
a difference in the11
the properties of these11
prepared in the laboratory11
of most of the11
as if it had11
has a density of11
the composition of air11
one of the products11
it is important to11
by the ignition of11
can be made by11
between it and the11
in a great number11
the ultimate particles of11
in its metalline form11
weight of the molecule11
it may be mentioned11
the first part of11
that this is the11
the hydrate h so11
is carried out in11
in the body of11
neutral salt of arsenic11
and it is this11
which remains in the11
of a large amount11
of the alkalis and11
of these two substances11
and in this case11
of carbonic acid and11
as it is formed11
by reason of the11
the liver of sulphur11
the properties of those11
nothing more will come11
quantity of water in11
to be of the11
same degree of fire11
of the substances obtained11
can be no doubt11
and some of them11
of the royal college11
of a substance is11
with it in the11
much in the same11
its combinations with the11
be heated in a11
that it is impossible11
this is owing to11
which the hydrogen is11
in that it is11
by the law of11
to such an extent11
the contents of the11
a moderate degree of11
in the series of11
in an open vessel11
melted in a crucible11
so long as it11
of the aqueous vapour11
h so na so11
i hope you will11
when a mixture of11
reactions of double decomposition11
considerable quantity of water11
chlorine in the presence11
water and carbonic anhydride11
contact with each other11
h c h c11
during the formation of11
in the first instance11
of any of the11
in order to show11
was one of the11
substances obtained from vegetables11
impregnated with fixed air11
care be taken to11
quantity of oxygen gas11
of different kinds of11
is no doubt that11
the same time it11
solution of common salt11
same nature with that11
call attention to the11
in the same circumstances11
be taken into consideration11
are not soluble in11
the diminution of common11
part of the hydrogen11
of the hydrochloric acid11
when heated to a11
in one of the11
and in this way11
of the latter is11
we are able to11
a day or two11
confirmed by the fact11
the law of henry11
a very small amount11
the end of a11
by any of the11
to the volume of11
the mechanical theory of11
place in the presence11
be the case with11
of those substances which11
to the upper part11
lute on a receiver11
the degree of fire11
the influence of mass11
to the open air11
the manufacture of sulphuric11
some of them are11
to the determinations of11
of oxygen and nitrogen11
of one and the11
the combining weights of11
an alcoholic solution of11
action of the acid11
the theory of phlogiston11
that they cannot be11
the heat of formation11
the contact of the11
sulphur of the antimony11
with the fumes of11
the same as the11
a series of electric11
which it is mixed11
inversely proportional to the11
that the molecules of11
be made in the11
basis of the nitre11
series of electric sparks11
compounds with water of11
the carbonic anhydride is11
is possible to obtain11
in the air and11
to have recourse to11
as when it is11
measured under standard conditions11
is very difficult to11
the fire must be11
from the mixture of11
the state of vapour11
by weight of water11
if it had been11
to be separated from11
of the other metals11
with a sufficient quantity11
which they are composed11
it is called the11
the percentage amount of11
end of the distillation11
with the reguline part11
of heat which is11
or by means of11
which does not contain11
with a certain amount11
a pressure of one11
will be found to11
the presence of ammonia11
of hydrochloric acid and11
for the combustion of11
that the product of11
the column of mercury11
the consideration of the11
the temperature of one10
that the properties of10
most important of these10
let us suppose that10
the condensation of the10