Distant Reader - subject-levellers-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 21 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 262,905 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 12,519 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 93. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, will, shall, power, one, man, christ, us, men, now, may, lord, earth, flesh, time, yet, people, spirit, law, every, great, made, see, first, make, therefore, say, hee, must, good, though, two, wee, know, love, doe, church, common, bee, things, take, like, world, land, creation, many, come, text, peace, beast

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The breaking of the day of God wherein, four things are manifested : I. That the two witnesses are not in ki[ll]ing, but in rising from death, II. The three dayes and half, or 42. months of the saints captivity under the beast, very near expired, III. Christ hath begun to reign in his saints, and to tread their corrupt flesh under his feet, IIII. Christs dominion over the nations of the world, near the approach / by Gerrard VVinstanley., The danger of tolerating levellers in a civil state, or, An historicall narration of the dangerous pernicious practices and opinions wherewith Samuel Gorton and his levelling accomplices so much disturbed and molested the severall plantations in New-England parallel to the positions and proceedings of the present levellers in Old-England : wherein their severall errors dangerous and very destructive to the peace both of church and state ... together with the course that was there taken for suppressing them are fully set forth, with a satisfactory answer to their complaints made to the Parliament / by Edw. Winslow of Plymouth in New-England., and The new law of righteousnes budding forth, in restoring the whole creation from the bondage of the curse. Or A glimpse of the new heaven, and new earth, wherein dwels righteousnes. Giving an alarm to silence all that preach or speak from hear-say, or imagination. By Gerrard Winstanley.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

every one, jesus christ, kingly power, early english, english books, two witnesses, books online, common people, every man, serpents head, page images, whole creation, take away, early works, great ones, textual changes, shall see, iesus christ, defects per, whole earth, church government, take notice, may see, samuel gorton, amongst us, common treasury, three dayes, will make, creation partnership, text creation, lord jesus, one another, one spirit, christ jesus, god will, first adam, tenth part, providing financial, xml conversion, one man, commercial purposes, financial support, tiff page, proquest page, creative commons, without asking, institutions providing, images scanned, markup reviewed, batch review

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A vvatch-vvord to the city of London, and the Armie: wherein you may see that Englands freedome, which should be the result of all our victories, is sinking deeper under the Norman power, as appears by the relation of the unrighteous proceedings of Kingstone-Court against some of the Diggers at George-hill, under colour of law; but yet thereby the cause of the Diggers is more brightened and strengthened: so that every one singly may truly say what his freedome is, and where it lies. / By Jerrard Winstanly. A new-yeers gift for the Parliament and Armie: shewing what the kingly power is; and that the cause of those that they call Diggers is the life and marrow of that cause the Parliament hath declared for, and the Army fought for; the perfecting of which work, will prove England to be the first of nations, of the tenth part of the city Babylon, that fals off from the Beast first, and that sets the Crown upon Christs head, to govern the world in righteousness: / by Jerrard Winstanley a lover of Englands freedom and peace., and A letter to the Lord Fairfax, and his Councell of VVar, with divers questions to the lawyers, and ministers: proving it an undeniable equity, that the common people ought to dig, plow, plant and dwell upon the commons, without hiring them, or paying rent to any. Delivered to the Generall and the chief officers on Saturday June 9. / By Jerrard Winstanly, in the behalf of those who have begun to dig upon George-Hill in Surrey..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

lord, god, law, christ, parliament, land, excellency, creation, court, church, spirit, norman, martin, majesty, king, generall, father, england, earth, early, bishops, witnesses, treason, thing, tcp, symon, state, son, sir, serpent, saints, righteousnesse, people, ordinance, normans, new, nation, massachusets, man, maker, magistrates, magistrate, lords, lilburne, laws, kingly, kingdome, kent, john, iohn

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and The breaking of the day of God wherein, four things are manifested : I. That the two witnesses are not in ki[ll]ing, but in rising from death, II. The three dayes and half, or 42. months of the saints captivity under the beast, very near expired, III. Christ hath begun to reign in his saints, and to tread their corrupt flesh under his feet, IIII. Christs dominion over the nations of the world, near the approach / by Gerrard VVinstanley. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

power, man, men, flesh, time, people, earth, things, world, peace, day, text, others, part, spirit, body, love, self, life, hee, hath, hand, way, heart, selves, words, truth, saints, government, death, law, cause, land, light, thing, hands, place, witnesses, glory, work, one, nothing, word, ▪, head, end, dayes, creation, enemies, reason

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, were, had, made, do, see, make, say, being, know, did, take, come, been, let, said, called, give, bee, set, live, done, according, put, came, am, cast, taken, speak, tell, hold, sent, stand, call, hath, brought, doe, given, suffer, makes, found, rule, heard, bring, wil, making

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, christ, lord, c., hath, wee, law, england, beast, righteousnesse, thou, spirit, king, church, doe, rev., parliament, father, ●, creation, lords, jesus, 〉, mr., earth, land, court, ◊, iohn, heaven, hee, 〈, english, john, gods, yea, t., sir, bee, kingly, commons, pag, martin, bishops, adam, son, london, j, government, norman

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

you, his, they, it, i, their, them, he, your, our, him, we, my, us, me, himself, themselves, her, thy, thee, she, its, mine, ours, theirs, yours, ye, vp, ''s, vnto, hee, em, ●, wil, whosoever, vvhat, urg''d, one, l, hinself, hers, ha, cha, ''em

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, such, great, good, many, common, own, true, whole, same, more, first, poor, free, much, righteous, particular, old, new, false, full, second, little, last, early, present, high, saith, english, able, open, least, covetous, greatest, unrighteous, outward, former, most, like, dead, wicked, proud, humane, wise, lawfull, next, late, few, sweet, rich

not, so, then, now, up, therefore, out, more, as, also, yet, never, onely, first, very, ever, forth, away, down, well, there, even, thus, here, most, in, still, together, that, indeed, is, else, off, truly, much, all, only, secondly, likewise, rather, again, no, too, thereof, thereby, long, otherwise, further, before, freely

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.