Distant Reader - subject-turkey-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-25 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 27 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,673,684 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 64,372 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 90. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

great, turks, vnto, time, one, also, haue, men, many, yet, now, made, vpon, king, much, sent, christians, might, two, good, without, first, emperour, himselfe, turkes, came, well, citie, part, place, bassa, man, taken, make, come, long, day, will, constantinople, thousand, armie, called, hee, may, like, people, prince, way, others, christian

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The generall historie of the Turkes from the first beginning of that nation to the rising of the Othoman familie: with all the notable expeditions of the Christian princes against them. Together with the liues and conquests of the Othoman kings and emperours faithfullie collected out of the- best histories, both auntient and moderne, and digested into one continuat historie vntill this present yeare 1603: by Richard Knolles, A compendious history of the Turks: containing an exact account of the originall of that people; the rise of the Othoman family; and the valiant undertakings of the Christians against them: with their various events. / By Andrew Moore, Gent., and The history of the Turkish empire from the year 1623 to the year 1677 containing the reigns of the three last emperours, viz., Sultan Morat or Amurat IV, Sultan Ibrahim, and Sultan Mahomet IV, his son, the XIII emperour now reigning / by Paul Rycaut, Esq. ....

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

grand signior, christian princes, meane time, next day, short time, neere vnto, set forward, great number, thousand men, haue beene, mean time, great part, french king, long time, many times, two hundred, great ordinance, persian king, hundred thousand, great armie, great master, great slaughter, grand signiors, two thousand, carried away, greatest part, three hundred, great men, great power, set vpon, one side, king ferdinand, every one, one day, turkish empire, time also, good fortune, might haue, great bassa, one another, two great, ten thousand, great vizier, like manner, lesser asia, backe againe, must needs, right hand, great numbers, great bassaes

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The history of the grand visiers, Mahomet and Achmet Coprogli, of the three last grand signiors, their Sultana''s and chief favourites, with the most secret intrigues of the seraglio besides several other particulars of the wars of Dalmatia, Transylvania, Hungary, Candia, and Poland / Englished by John Evelyn, Junior. The three English brothers Sir Thomas Sherley his trauels, vvith his three yeares imprisonment in Turkie: his inlargement by his Maiesties letters to the great Turke: and lastly, his safe returne into England this present yeare, 1607. Sir Anthony Sherley his embassage to the Christian princes. Master Robert Sherley his wars against the Turkes, with his marriage to the Emperour of Persia his neece., and The generall historie of the Turkes from the first beginning of that nation to the rising of the Othoman familie: with all the notable expeditions of the Christian princes against them. Together with the liues and conquests of the Othoman kings and emperours faithfullie collected out of the- best histories, both auntient and moderne, and digested into one continuat historie vntill this present yeare 1603: by Richard Knolles.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

king, turks, empire, grand, christians, turkish, prince, emperour, tcp, sea, court, army, venetians, sultan, son, religion, master, god, english, constantinople, city, port, janizaries, french, emperor, country, bassa, war, souldiers, seraglio, ottoman, officers, law, great, church, amurath, world, vizier, turkes, town, solyman, signior, serrail, princes, mahomet, government, general, father, enemy, countries

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be great, and A compendious history of the Turks: containing an exact account of the originall of that people; the rise of the Othoman family; and the valiant undertakings of the Christians against them: with their various events. / By Andrew Moore, Gent. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

time, men, part, citie, place, man, day, king, people, armie, way, others, things, rest, themselues, enemies, death, power, places, nothing, manner, number, side, peace, himselfe, empire, hand, countrey, forces, hee, enemie, purpose, emperour, order, thing, danger, souldiors, life, night, hope, kingdome, hands, matter, name, force, vpon, againe, brother, castle, reason

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

was, had, be, were, is, being, are, made, have, sent, came, taken, did, vnto, make, come, called, said, put, been, brought, having, set, take, done, thought, do, haue, found, began, left, hauing, see, lay, returned, caused, say, went, lost, according, took, kept, fled, taking, seeing, go, passed, comming, give, carried

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

turks, 〉, ◊, 〈, christians, haue, bassa, turkes, constantinople, grand, sultan, king, emperour, mahomet, solyman, army, god, prince, amurath, city, c., princes, signior, venetians, turk, christian, sea, turke, asia, court, generall, mustapha, hee, vp, ●, owne, castle, himselfe, hath, lord, baiazet, empire, doe, master, vizier, souldiers, selymus, hungary, war, turkish

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

his, he, their, they, him, it, them, i, her, we, you, our, my, himself, your, me, she, themselves, us, its, thy, vp, thee, vnto, one, theirs, ours, mine, yours, herself, hee, ''s, whereof, hers, us''d, thēselues, itself, ''em, ●, tyranniseth, elias, 〈, ye, vntill, s, ourselves, moesia, himfelf, †, ó

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

great, other, many, such, good, same, more, most, much, little, first, own, new, old, strong, whole, small, turkish, greater, long, christian, few, greatest, last, common, able, next, better, present, best, rich, late, dead, least, former, full, himselfe, true, young, short, certain, famous, valiant, several, like, high, french, ready, persian, large

not, so, also, now, then, most, more, there, well, as, out, much, yet, very, before, thus, up, thereof, only, still, rather, first, long, off, away, therefore, together, in, about, especially, far, almost, too, onely, afterwards, presently, again, easily, forward, never, down, all, on, vpon, once, forth, hardly, often, shortly, otherwise

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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