Distant Reader - author-clarkeSamuel-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-23 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 36 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 2,451,251 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 68,090 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 93. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, great, one, yet, many, also, time, much, king, made, good, man, men, will, first, may, two, death, christ, came, might, us, city, now, sent, date, lord, life, like, others, though, called, church, people, day, shall, gods, make, things, place, therefore, went, without, must, well, long, three, thousand, hundred, part

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Medulla theologiæ, or, The marrow of divinity contained in sundry questions and cases of conscience, both speculative and practical : the greatest part of them collected out of the works of our most judicious, experienced and orthodox English divines, the rest are supplied by the authour / by Sa. Clarke ..., The marrow of ecclesiastical history contained in the lives of one hundred forty eight fathers, schoolmen, first reformers and modern divines which have flourished in the Church since Christ''s time to this present age : faithfully collected and orderly disposed according to the centuries wherein they lived, together with the lively effigies of most of the eminentest of them cut in copper / by Samuel Clark., and A generall martyrologie containing a collection of all the greatest persecutions which have befallen the church of Christ from the creation to our present times, both in England and other nations : whereunto are added two and twenty lives of English modern divines ... : as also the life of the heroical Admiral of France slain in the partisan massacre and of Joane Queen of Navar poisoned a little before / by Sa. Clarke..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

anno christi, one hundred, jesus christ, years old, two hundred, every one, mean time, three hundred, next day, pleased god, hundred thousand, five hundred, thousand horse, let us, holy ghost, early english, english books, one another, thousand foot, good conscience, chief cities, royal highness, many times, young man, queen elizabeth, thousand men, two thousand, four hundred, three years, books online, gods mercy, christian religion, learned men, ten thousand, god will, mark anthony, every man, great store, gods providence, many others, lord jesus, set forth, king henry, long time, twenty thousand, chief city, three thousand, one day, special providence, greatest part

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The marrow of ecclesiastical history contained in the lives of one hundred forty eight fathers, schoolmen, first reformers and modern divines which have flourished in the Church since Christ''s time to this present age : faithfully collected and orderly disposed according to the centuries wherein they lived, together with the lively effigies of most of the eminentest of them cut in copper / by Samuel Clark. The life & death of William, surnamed the Conqueror, King of England and Duke of Normandy, who dyed Anno Christi, 1087 by Samuel Clarke ..., and An item against sacriledge: or, Sundry queries concerning tithes. Wherein is held forth, the propriety and title that ministers have to them. The mischiefs which would ensue if tithes were brought into a common treasury, and ministers reduced to stipends. The danger of gratifying the petitioners against tithes, and all imposed maintenance. Collected and composed by one that hath no propriety in tithes..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

king, lord, city, god, church, army, english, country, son, prince, sea, river, duke, souldiers, queen, kingdom, father, law, england, empire, court, christ, bishop, war, town, temple, spaniards, senate, religion, pope, people, parliament, ministry, john, gospel, emperour, anno, world, word, university, scriptures, psal, ministers, life, kingdome, gods, faith, emperor, earl, death

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and The life of Tamerlane the Great with his wars against the great Duke of Moso, the King of China, Bajazet the Great Turk, the Sultan of Egypt, the King of Persia, and some others ... : wherein are rare examples of heathenish piety, prudence, magnanimity, mercy, liberality, humility, justice, temperance, and valour. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

time, man, men, death, date, others, day, people, things, place, life, p., part, years, way, end, body, children, answ, nothing, self, heart, hand, rest, year, reason, sin, enemies, love, thing, friends, hands, name, manner, times, work, world, places, religion, parts, power, truth, fire, house, faith, country, side, peace, kings, hath

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

was, be, is, had, were, are, being, have, made, did, came, having, said, sent, do, called, been, make, went, come, brought, put, set, see, taken, found, took, take, give, gave, done, used, s, go, fell, say, answered, given, caused, left, let, began, know, returned, died, received, hath, described, according, heard

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, king, christ, c., lord, city, church, army, master, gods, thou, anno, 〉, sea, john, christi, ◊, 〈, mr., prince, rome, bishop, queen, father, river, england, duke, quest, son, caesar, hath, english, france, sir, alexander, law, emperour, heaven, earl, yea, kingdom, christians, ●, jesus, pompey, majesty, spirit, st., london, cor

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

his, he, it, him, they, their, them, i, her, we, our, himself, you, she, my, us, themselves, me, your, its, thy, thee, one, ours, theirs, mine, ye, vvhat, yours, whereof, itself, herself, ourselves, hers, thou, whosoever, ●, †, s, vvith, myself, lye, hee, elias, ''em, ut, troth, tollit, thyself, there

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

great, many, other, good, such, own, much, same, more, first, little, last, old, whole, most, poor, true, full, young, strong, long, godly, new, greatest, chief, certain, dead, small, excellent, able, high, better, present, few, former, best, next, famous, second, holy, ready, rich, large, common, wicked, greater, several, least, like, saith

not, so, then, also, up, very, now, out, more, much, therefore, most, as, yet, there, only, well, never, first, again, thus, together, down, away, long, forth, presently, about, off, afterwards, rather, here, ever, far, in, especially, even, before, often, indeed, over, still, sometimes, too, thereby, thereof, therein, secondly, back, all

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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