Distant Reader - author-lloydWilliam-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 27 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 533,114 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 19,744 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 94. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, will, mr, us, may, lord, one, king, church, time, now, first, shall, say, yet, made, great, years, men, must, thing, much, things, make, people, therefore, religion, many, man, see, done, gen, know, think, law, well, sir, might, text, bishops, good, take, christ, lords, court, case, way, power, come, without

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are An exposition of the prophecy of seventy weeks, which God sent to Daniel by the angel Gabriel Dan. IX. 24-----27., The proceedings and tryal in the case of the most Reverend Father in God, William, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury and the Right Reverend Fathers in God, William, Lord Bishop of St. Asaph, Francis, Lord Bishop of Ely, John, Lord Bishop of Chichester, Thomas, Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells, Thomas, Lord Bishop of Peterborough, and Jonathan, Lord Bishop of Bristol, in the Court of Kings-Bench at Westminster in Trinity-term in the fourth year of the reign of King James the Second, Annoque Dom. 1688., and Considerations touching the true way to suppress popery in this kingdom by making a distinction between men of loyal and disloyal principles in that communion : on occasion whereof is inserted an historical account of the Reformation here in England..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

tells us, english books, early english, sir rob, books online, roman church, page images, creation partnership, text creation, lord bishop, every one, tell us, let us, sir robert, robert sawyer, blessed lord, tcp schema, represented either, image sets, characters represented, every thing, roman catholicks, give us, hundred years, will never, among us, christ olympiads, sermon preached, thought fit, jesus christ, one another, given us, christian religion, much less, lord archbishop, must needs, years old, take away, sir samuel, clerk reads, will make, roman communion, every year, set forth, ever since, will find, like manner, lord ch, samuel astry, take notice

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A letter to Dr. Sherlock, in vindication of that part of Josephus''s history, which gives an account of Iaddus the high-priest''s submitting to Alexander the Great while Darius was living against the answer to the piece intituled, Obedience and submission to the present government. The proceedings and tryal in the case of the most Reverend Father in God, William, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury and the Right Reverend Fathers in God, William, Lord Bishop of St. Asaph, Francis, Lord Bishop of Ely, John, Lord Bishop of Chichester, Thomas, Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells, Thomas, Lord Bishop of Peterborough, and Jonathan, Lord Bishop of Bristol, in the Court of Kings-Bench at Westminster in Trinity-term in the fourth year of the reign of King James the Second, Annoque Dom. 1688., and A sermon preach''d before the House of Lords at the Abbey-Church of St. Peter''s-Westminster, on Saturday the 30th of January, 1696/7 being the anniversary of the death of King Charles I of Glorious Memory / by ... William, Lord Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield ....

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

tcp, god, church, king, religion, pope, lord, roman, people, england, council, christ, bishops, scripture, nation, law, world, text, prince, popery, laws, kingdom, faith, death, bishop, author, xxii, xiv, xiii, war, test, story, state, spirit, soul, sol, sins, september, school, saviour, sacrifice, reason, queen, pythagoras, protestants, prophet, prophecy, principles, princes, priests

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and A sermon preached before Their Majesties at Whitehall, on the fifth day of November, 1689 being the anniversary-day of thanksgiving for that great deliverance from the gunpowder-treason, and also the day of His Majesties happy landing in England / by the Bishop of St. Asaph, Lord Almoner to Their Majesties. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

time, years, thing, things, people, men, man, way, p., words, nothing, religion, reason, day, year, part, t, others, death, matter, question, days, power, times, text, self, place, evidence, end, none, kings, case, cause, king, work, one, hands, author, subjects, life, rest, body, hand, account, lordship, hath, word, manner, books, order

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, was, have, are, were, had, do, been, did, being, say, made, has, said, make, done, know, think, see, take, come, give, came, believe, given, having, read, put, according, let, taken, go, brought, am, shew, tell, thought, find, called, set, pray, does, appears, says, call, found, seems, consider, saw

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, mr., lord, 〉, ◊, 〈, king, church, gen., c., christ, law, sir, court, pope, l., bishops, lords, council, st., bishop, tcp, parliament, england, i., iust, text, case, government, kingdom, roman, sol, laws, authority, power, saviour, majesty, moses, religion, rome, declaration, act, prince, sawyer, english, world, pythagoras, hath, ●, mar.

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, they, he, his, i, their, them, we, you, him, our, my, us, your, himself, themselves, her, me, she, its, one, thy, theirs, thee, ours, yours, ''em, ye, †, whereof, mine, l, ''s, itself, ib, ay, whosoever, us''d, u, ian, em, elias, e, ●, yourselves, urg''d, thou, s, p, lye

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, such, great, more, many, own, same, first, good, true, whole, much, last, sure, little, very, particular, next, present, several, plain, greater, second, least, early, general, common, late, better, necessary, few, most, former, guilty, possible, pleased, new, english, like, old, less, certain, saith, sufficient, enough, able, proper, due, contrary, best

not, so, then, now, only, as, therefore, very, up, here, well, yet, more, first, never, much, there, out, also, even, most, ever, in, together, thus, far, no, again, too, indeed, especially, otherwise, before, all, that, certainly, is, over, just, long, still, down, away, off, truly, on, else, whatsoever, forth, soon

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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