Distant Reader - author-tombesJohn-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 26 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 2,399,638 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 92,293 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 92. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, christ, church, yet, mr, covenant, may, one, men, will, infants, though, light, therefore, baptism, true, faith, say, shall, without, made, words, man, us, word, children, things, much, scripture, now, promise, doth, visible, onely, saith, many, first, gods, must, spirit, truth, make, thing, every, reason, also, grace, good, might, world

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Anti-pædobaptism, or, The third part being a full review of the dispute concerning infant baptism : in which the arguments for infant baptism from the covenant and initial seal, infants visible church membership, antiquity of infant baptism are refelled [sic] : and the writings of Mr. Stephen Marshal, Mr. Richard Baxter ... and others are examined, and many points about the covenants, and seals and other truths of weight are handled / by John Tombes., Rusticus ad academicos in exercitationibus expostulatoriis, apologeticis quatuor The rustick''s alarm to the rabbies, or, The country correcting the university and clergy, and ... contesting for the truth ... : in four apologeticall and expostulatory exercitations : wherein is contained, as well a general account to all enquirers, as a general answer to all opposers of the most truly catholike and most truly Christ-like Chistians [sic] called Quakers, and of the true divinity of their doctrine : by way of entire entercourse held in special with four of the clergies chieftanes, viz, John Owen ... Tho. Danson ... John Tombes ... Rich. Baxter ... by Samuel Fisher ..., and Theodulia, or, A just defence of hearing the sermons and other teaching of the present ministers of England against a book unjustly entituled (in Greek) A Christian testimony against them that serve the image of the beast, (in English) A Christian and sober testimony against sinful complyance, wherein the unlawfulness of hearing the present ministers of England is pretended to be clearly demonstrated by an author termed by himself Christophilus Antichristomachus / by John Tombes..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

visible church, roman non, new testament, every man, lords supper, infant baptism, present ministers, light within, holy ghost, jesus christ, every one, visible churchmembership, much less, saith mr, invisible church, abrahams seed, old testament, visible churchmembers, good works, roman church, must needs, whole church, christian church, little ones, master blake, infants visible, jewish church, natural seed, let us, saving grace, true light, true believers, master marshall, catholick church, true church, lord christ, covenant made, like manner, gods word, lord jesus, many things, tells us, god will, hundred years, one another, tell us, mr marshall, eternal life, holy spirit, saving faith

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Anti-pædobaptism, or, The third part being a full review of the dispute concerning infant baptism : in which the arguments for infant baptism from the covenant and initial seal, infants visible church membership, antiquity of infant baptism are refelled [sic] : and the writings of Mr. Stephen Marshal, Mr. Richard Baxter ... and others are examined, and many points about the covenants, and seals and other truths of weight are handled / by John Tombes. Tvvo treatises and an appendix to them concerning infant-baptisme. The former treatise being an exercitation presented to the chair-man of a committee of the Assembly of Divines. The later an examen of the sermon of Mr Stephen Marshall, about infant-baptisme, in a letter sent to him. / By John Tombes. B.D., and A supplement to the Serious consideration of the oath of the Kings supremacy; published October 1660. In, first, some consideration of the oath of allegiance. Secondly, vindicating of the consideration of the oaths of the Kings supremacy and allegiance, from the exceptions of Richard Hubberthorn, Samuel Fisher, Samuel Hodgkin, and some others against them, in the points of swearing in some case, and the matters of those oaths. By John Tombes B.D..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, church, christ, lord, scripture, roman, gospel, covenant, cor, mr., mat, gods, apostle, testament, law, acts, spirit, sect, rom, new, matth, lords, father, text, king, jews, infant, gentiles, churches, christians, baptism, apostles, word, tcp, son, saviour, saints, psal, pope, ministers, man, john, infants, iewes, grace, gospell, doctrine, circumcision, christian, children

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and Fiue godly, and profitable sermons concerning 1 The slaverie of sinne. 2 The mischiefe of ignorance. 3 The roote of apostasie. 4 The benefit of Gods service. 5 The Christians loue. Preached in his life time in sundry places. By that late faithfull minister of Christ Mr William Pemble of Magdalen Hall in the Vniversity of Oxford. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, infants, words, faith, man, things, light, children, scripture, promise, thing, reason, covenant, baptism, part, truth, church, way, people, grace, seed, others, world, word, believers, sense, self, time, persons, argument, p., answ, none, life, infant, power, use, nothing, sin, hath, doth, place, day, one, person, respect, ▪, circumcision, end, members

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, was, were, have, do, had, being, say, said, did, made, been, make, baptized, according, prove, meant, know, come, called, done, proved, take, given, see, let, deny, put, taken, ''s, think, concerning, hath, give, answer, makes, used, believe, doth, set, shew, saith, am, conceive, brought, shewed, call, having

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, 〉, ◊, 〈, christ, mr., church, covenant, c., thou, ●, lord, gods, hath, spirit, gospel, christs, abraham, baptism, b., ye, jews, law, t., rom, cor, word, sect, pag, apostles, john, yea, gen., text, master, apostle, christians, paul, ministers, father, matth, dr., holy, circumcision, testament, doctrine, mr, light, christian, gentiles

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, his, he, they, i, them, their, him, we, my, you, our, me, us, your, himself, thy, themselves, its, her, thee, she, theirs, one, ye, ours, mine, ''s, yours, itself, i.os, myself, s, l, thyself, vp, ●, yee, ourselves, whereof, thou, whosoever, hee, non, hers, elias, us''d, heb, em, †

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, such, true, own, same, visible, many, more, good, first, much, false, great, little, holy, whole, non, present, -, outward, old, roman, new, least, common, saith, natural, sufficient, particular, necessary, right, spiritual, very, second, like, jewish, most, former, certain, plain, doth, invisible, better, few, contrary, christian, last, perfect, proper, manifest

not, so, then, therefore, as, yet, now, more, onely, also, thus, only, well, here, out, much, even, up, ever, never, most, all, very, there, that, down, first, in, before, rather, is, together, far, else, no, at, off, still, too, again, away, indeed, otherwise, truly, thereof, forth, on, sometimes, once, thereby

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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