bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram frequency
respiratory syndrome203
middle east174
east respiratory147
syndrome coronavirus138
public health97
respiratory viruses97
acute respiratory91
coronavirus disease88
novel coronavirus87
saudi arabia86
dromedary camels71
risk factors64
respiratory syncytial61
syncytial virus60
severe acute56
respiratory virus53
mortality rates53
respiratory infections51
statistically significant51
clinical characteristics51
influenza vaccination50
world health49
viral shedding48
cov cases47
health organization45
symptom onset44
infect doi42
epidemiol infect42
cord uid42
doc id42
viral infection41
infectious diseases41
respiratory tract40
current study40
logistic regression40
viral infections39
healthcare workers37
study period37
index case36
control measures36
two groups36
mortality rate36
virus infection36
confirmed cases35
hong kong35
influenza virus34
seasonal influenza34
significantly higher33
family cluster33
respiratory viral32
respiratory illness31
infection control30
health care30
united states30
young children30
illness onset30
regression analysis29
adult patients29
coronavirus infection29
severe group29
rna detection28
significant difference28
fever clinics28
respiratory symptoms27
virus infections27
infectious disease27
confidence interval27
previous studies27
shedding duration27
case fatality27
age groups26
viral respiratory26
systematic review26
survival rates26
factors associated26
incubation period25
critically ill25
aged years25
least one25
clinical symptoms25
reproduction number24
severe covid24
nasal swabs24
new cases24
disease control23
confirmed covid23
risk perception23
severe cases23
significant differences23
lower respiratory23
viral load22
age group22
influenza vaccine22
clinical features22
suspected cases22
first case22
cohort study21
cov infection21
tested positive21
time series21
viral rna21
influenza mortality21
sporadic cases21
total number20
fatality rate20
human transmission20
median age20
rsv infection20
rp findings20
mortality outcome20
chain reaction19
years old19
mers patients19
polymerase chain19
vaccination behaviours19
lymphocyte ratio19
pandemic influenza19
attack rate18
based hand18
cov outbreak18
poor prognosis18
dromedary camel18
care workers18
basic reproduction17
supplementary table17
bcg vaccination17
reported cases17
illness severity17
national health17
family members17
household members17
coronavirus infections17
european countries16
cumulative attack16
index cases16
sore throat16
chest ct16
never vaccinated16
nucleic acid16
transmission dynamics16
patients infected16
risk factor16
mobile hospital16
continuous variables16
detection results16
retrospective study16
less likely16
global health16
categorical variables16
asymptomatic cases16
supplementary material15
one virus15
yellow fever15
hand hygiene15
family clusters15
critical care15
older age15
ill patients15
hospitalized patients15
mers coronavirus15
children aged15
upper respiratory15
regression model15
social distancing15
cov rna15
human metapneumovirus15
critical illness15
intensive care15
early stage14
lymphocyte counts14
system dynamics14
within days14
th february14
severe disease14
virus transmission14
respiratory infection14
financial support14
cause mortality14
close contact14
linear regression14
bedouin arabs14
study showed14
significantly lower14
clinical course14
severe illness14
health commission14
epidemic curve14
medical staff14
household transmission14
data availability14
prognosis group13
parainfluenza virus13
multiple respiratory13
hand sanitisers13
year average13
cov antibodies13
higher risk13
confirmed influenza13
health security13
convalescent patients13
virus shedding13
vaccination coverage13
nosocomial transmission13
cases reported13
statistical analyses13
cumulative incidence13
infection episodes13
mild group13
disease severity13
positive samples13
enveloped viruses12
isolation time12
human coronavirus12
hev seroprevalence12
data collection12
secondary cases12
health measures12
globally reported12
increased risk12
first covid12
reactive protein12
preventive measures12
immune response12
sentinel surveillance12
moderate group12
infected pneumonia12
infected individuals12
previous study12
ebola virus12
breath samples12
medical records12
reported mers12
general population12
fatality rates12
confirmed viral12
cov transmission12
zika virus12
tract infections12
hospital attendees12
st july11
infected patients11
disease characteristics11
like illness11
incidence rate11
population aged11
initial infection11
health emergency11
generation cases11
disease burden11
virus circulation11
series analysis11
significantly different11
sample collection11
influenza viruses11
relative risk11
influenza cases11
hospital admission11
coronavirus pneumonia11
throat swabs11
recovery rate11
care unit11
multiplex pcr11
influenza pandemic11
income countries11
recent study11
cov infections11
daily contacts11
predictive value10
time pcr10
time reverse10
viral nucleic10
day survival10
modelling study10
test results10
severe patients10
influenza season10
asymptomatic infections10
transmission events10
cluster cases10
observational study10
cardiovascular disease10
disease surveillance10
descriptive study10
disease transmission10
reproductive number10
illness episodes10
case definition10
considered statistically10
pao fio10
performed using10
faecal samples10
results showed10
situation report10
multiple regression10
economic status10
health facility10
squash hall10
free country10
sensitivity analysis10
several studies10
emerging infectious10
knowledge scores10
sample size10
virucidal activity10
healthcare visit10
clinical outcome9
test method9
per million9
ethical standards9
contagion rate9
age children9
autochthonous case9
immune system9
time period9
gp attendees9
sports venue9
worse severity9
odds ratio9
underlying medical9
designated hospitals9
mortality risk9
perform hrps9
nasal throat9
available data9
secondary case9
ari cases9
days prior9
hygienic practices9
virus disease9
per population9
respiratory distress9
endemic country9
ari incidence9
blood donors9
community transmission9
care homes9
th march9
also reported9
influenza respiratory9
dressing room9
significantly associated9
clinical manifestations9
positive cases9
publicly available9
health system9
hand rub9
reverse transcription9
human rhinovirus9
medical resources9
deaths per9
exact test9
retrospective cohort9
control practices9
contact tracing9
international spread9
epidemic curves9
higher proportion9
rsv shedding9
previous mers9
laboratory findings9
per day9
multivariable logistic9
first cases9
longitudinal studies8
surveillance system8
hev seropositivity8
global burden8
virus epidemics8
local health8
positive results8
greater risk8
educational day8
data analysis8
viral interference8
times higher8
mechanical ventilation8
secondary autochthonous8
early detection8
travel history8
camel herds8
chemical disinfectants8
person transmission8
specific grant8
demographic data8
future studies8
female camels8
elderly care8
multivariate analysis8
within households8
laboratory testing8
healthcare worker8
rsv episodes8
two viruses8
interquartile range8
rsv group8
detection response8
regression analyses8
severe pneumonia8
medical conditions8
runny nose8
real time8
animal reservoir8
informed consent8
developed symptoms8
south korea8
confirmed mers8
case detection8
total population8
basic reproductive8
respiratory specimens8
study included8
swab specimens8
average influenza8
moving average8
critical group8
hubei province8
infected animals8
came back8
cov patients8
spike protein8
international concern8
previous season8
camel population8
bcg vaccine8
emergency department8
swab samples8
rp patients8
nosocomial clusters8
healthcare facilities8
mild cases8
arabian peninsula8
respiratory disease8
demographic characteristics8
global pandemic8
confirmed case8
univariate analysis8
st december8
availability statement8
ethics committee8
clinical signs8
influenza infection8
symptomatic cases8
high risk8
pcr assays8
present study8
month period8
hand washing7
profit sectors7
throat swab7
results revealed7
healthcare services7
authors declare7
centred moving7
body temperature7
university community7
genomic data7
hygienic practice7
diabetes mellitus7
blood urea7
final model7
negative binomial7
various risk7
high influenza7
high rates7
igg antibodies7
also found7
first reported7
healthcare system7
viral illness7
nucleic acids7
mild symptoms7
fibre streak7
commonly used7
human infections7
performing hrps7
overall ghsi7
research studies7
epidemiological curve7
time difference7
data available7
vulnerable populations7
health authorities7
nrp adult7
continuously vaccinated7
south asia7
multiple linear7
obstructive pulmonary7
latent individuals7
nasopharyngeal swabs7
study design7
high proportion7
phylogenetic analysis7
experimental infection7
acquired pneumonia7
epidemiological investigation7
infection prevention7
protective equipment7
small number7
closely related7
corresponding author7
increasing age7
distress syndrome7
disease prevention7
large number7
even though7
healthcare settings7
elderly patients7
one secondary7
case definitions7
asymptomatic infection7
infected camels7
clusters identified7
cov case7
significant association7
viral co7
clinical trials7
knowledge score7
patients without7
positivity rate7
time rt7
recent studies7
infection among7
camel herd7
early stages7
chronic obstructive7
time points7
significant predictors7
mental health7
western european7
diagnostic data7
binomial regression7
three family7
high prevalence7
population size7
auxiliary variables7
human cases7
bacterial infection7
hygienic hand7
streak shadow7
cell count7
age structure7
ordinal logistic7
study also7
supportive care7
case report7
per cent7
confidence intervals6
underlying diseases6
emerging pathogens6
advisory committee6
illness group6
individual level6
health workers6
roc curve6
clinical presentation6
cases per6
surveillance data6
illness among6
cumulative cases6
transmission patterns6
electronic medical6
much higher6
risk groups6
several limitations6
identified clusters6
vaccination status6
study shows6
log transformed6
interim guidance6
early days6
early outbreak6
population level6
infectious virus6
distal large6
antiviral drugs6
algebraic equations6
hand rubs6
influenza activity6
medically attended6
cov epidemic6
study reported6
patient population6
one health6
underlying conditions6
general hospital6
cluster analysis6
hev rna6
literature review6
ill group6
factors affecting6
log reduction6
blood samples6
patients aged6
tract infection6
good prognosis6
may also6
million cases6
may provide6
union hospital6
clinical case6
first days6
see table6
two mortality6
imported camels6
testing positive6
sars epidemic6
median seroprevalence6
lymphocyte count6
new york6
secondary infections6
ecologic studies6
outbreak period6
virus type6
hospitalized children6
rsv transmission6
human infection6
health systems6
respiratory pathogens6
sars coronavirus6
clinical data6
ghsi score6
mean age6
common symptoms6
shedding patterns6
west african6
infection fatality6
large intestinal6
urea nitrogen6
hev infection6
suspected patients6
funding agency6
young infants6
curve analysis6
newly vaccinated6
like symptoms6
independent risk6
erinaceus europaeus6
home country6
hev antibodies6
creatine kinase6
serum albumin6
first time6
days later6
cov shedding6
cox proportional6
rsv infections6
better understand6
hand disinfection6
day mortality6
vaccination history6
ari symptoms6
intestinal tract6
mainland china6
also showed6
converting enzyme6
timely manner6
day conference6
pulmonary disease6
model parameters6
scoring system6
among patients6
driven analysis6
lessons learned6
data generated6
based study6
seroprevalence rates6
acute lower6
toward infection6
study aimed6
geographic spread6
clinical disease6
samples collected6
healthcare personnel6
average number6
clinical trial6
mers cases6
transmission within6
multivariate sensitivity6
prediction model6
review board6
perceived adequacy6
previously described6
communicable diseases6
throat specimens6
real data6
multiple organ6
statistical differences5
limited data5
response time5
severe outcomes5
care units5
human samples5
tier source5
inverse care5
visited country5
missing values5
repeat infections5
surveillance systems5
studies investigating5
hospital beds5
organ failure5
date reported5
avian influenza5
vaccination campaigns5
different groups5
air travel5
reduce mortality5
old group5
disease epidemiology5
cov circulation5
retrospective analysis5
measures taken5
systematic analysis5
neutrophil count5
deaths million5
quarantine facilities5
frequently detected5
medical masks5
survival rate5
lung lobes5
epidemiological characteristics5
innate immune5
viruses may5
another study5
pcr testing5
healthcare systems5
health preparedness5
institutional review5
sars patients5
muscle pain5
high incidence5
hev igg5
global spread5
direct contact5
disease exportation5
chronic diseases5
ncov outbreak5
pandemic preparedness5
research projects5
incident cases5
influenza strains5
sectional survey5
nine animals5
dual respiratory5
household illness5
vaccine uptake5
reported covid5
negative trend5
clinical samples5
higher knowledge5
personal protective5
heart disease5
assess whether5
infected people5
factors influencing5
nasopharyngeal swab5
deaths due5
importation risk5
several factors5
elderly individuals5
designated hospital5
emerging viruses5
inflammatory response5
cvd mortality5
current covid5
one study5
study suggests5
low birthweight5
two studies5
clinical outcomes5
clinical severity5
ebola epidemic5
prospective cohort5
among hcws5
mortality associated5
estimated population5
pregnant women5
among health5
discharge criteria5
cox regression5
multivariable analysis5
virus groups5
int csr5
study aims5
attitudes toward5
analysed using5
determine whether5
close contacts5
wildlife centres5
previous experience5
lymphocyte subsets5
central hospital5
corona virus5
respiratory illnesses5
indian subcontinent5
controlled trial5
pdm virus5
oropharyngeal swab5
camel contact5
german ericov5
multivariate logistic5
data sources5
symptomatic patients5
trend component5
rate ratio5
samples obtained5
study conducted5
six parameters5
human health5
infected dromedary5
virus group5
king saud5
infection episode5
cytokine storm5
significant negative5
middle eastern5
hand sanitizers5
seasonality component5
information regarding5
care facilities5
analysis showed5
research received5
personal vulnerability5
infected traveller5
familial cluster5
contingency plans5
infections due5
isolation wards5
myocardial injury5
higher number5
hospitalised patients5
virus co5
based surveillance5
human populations5
measures implemented5
united kingdom5
study participants5
murine norovirus5
statistical analysis5
leading cause5
surveillance study5
west africa5
control study5
including fever5
severe respiratory5
contact time5
including age5
practice scores5
competing interests5
health locus5
three cases5
worry levels5
health resources5
may help5
rural nepal5
pcr test5
response efforts5
healthcare utilization5
severe symptoms5
ng ml5
case finding5
genome sequencing5
immune responses5
active surveillance5
disease study5
hand wash5
household clusters5
household characteristics5
rate among5
bacterial infections5
healthcare visits5
even death5
infectious individuals5
sensitivity analyses5
death rate5
rural kenya5
disease spread5
hand disinfectants5
transcription polymerase5
deceased patients5
respiratory failure5
high case5
community study5
african countries5
two communities5
fever resolution5
ct scans5
severe coronavirus5
disease progression5
asymptomatic individuals5
studies suggest5
among covid5
test positive5
treatment days5
international health5
single variable5
elevated nlr5
symptom score5
odds ratios5
health surveillance4
aged year4
serum samples4
infection within4
investigated using4
disease coronavirus4
global mers4
influenza transmission4
infection patterns4
bacillus calmette4
multivariate ordinal4
dhaka tribune4
natural reservoir4
external evaluation4
decision making4
tested nasal4
although influenza4
epidemiological link4
patients admitted4
worry level4
educational campaigns4
specific antibodies4
shahroud county4
viral detection4
well documented4
critical covid4
first confirmed4
study date4
molecular epidemiology4
death counts4
assessed contributions4
adult inpatients4
ili cases4
virus detection4
normally distributed4
qualified nurses4
additional information4
longer shedding4
serological evidence4
fio ratio4
receiver operating4
security index4
vaccine development4
ill covid4
significant predictor4
life expectancy4
response rate4
specific antiviral4
population groups4
positive specimens4
virus respiratory4
sars outbreak4
epidemic spread4
lobes involved4
operating characteristic4
male camels4
vaccination uptake4
step cluster4
author orcids4
mini kit4
molecular surveillance4
statistical significance4
following criteria4
international spreading4
risk procedures4
research council4
patients attending4
genome sequence4
detection rate4
powerful others4
versus single4
respiratory season4
tested patients4
platelet count4
income nations4
histopathological examination4
full genome4
may explain4
positive specimen4
camelus dromedarius4
white blood4
technical appendix4
month study4
correlation coefficient4
may result4
four family4
dengue virus4
negative samples4
bactrian camels4
arabia middle4
previously published4
analysis revealed4
whole sample4
significant correlation4
trend components4
higher levels4
seasonal variations4
first report4
future research4
samples tested4
mobile hospitals4
mixing patterns4
current knowledge4
three indicators4
rural areas4
population density4
psychological impact4
asymptomatic respiratory4
chronic kidney4
fever virus4
early transmission4
laboratory indexes4
source population4
asymptomatic carriers4
laboratory indicators4
local population4
epidemiological history4
camel samples4
mathematical models4
age distribution4
asymptomatic according4
respiratory pathogen4
negative associations4
acute infectious4
episodes occurred4
respiratory system4
predict covid4
virus seroprevalence4
series analyses4
illness clusters4
missing data4
group showed4
two weeks4
low hev4
european centre4
study clinical4
oxygen saturation4
randomised controlled4
information system4
telephone calls4
ericov infection4
regression coefficient4
may lead4
following symptoms4
neutrophil counts4
medical college4
population group4
household surveillance4
pcr assay4
across patient4
care settings4
adults without4
countries reporting4
specimen collection4
tertiary care4
symptomatic individuals4
peripheral blood4
rank test4
suspected repeat4
community facilities4
emergency departments4
cycle threshold4
calculated using4
drying time4
vaccination rates4
expected number4
virus prevalence4
studies show4
symptomatic infection4
household cohort4
environmental factors4
blood count4
greater proportion4
strongly correlated4
susceptible population4
four groups4
medical research4
hospital setting4
patients presenting4
influenza disease4
early diagnosis4
infected patient4
disease course4
among camels4
auxiliary variable4
underlying ecological4
medical care4
global alert4
us study4
organ dysfunction4
institute inc4
towards influenza4
high burden4
care law4
using standard4
hedgehog samples4
critical cases4
fatality ratio4
contact rate4
wuhan university4
analysis using4
different age4
saharan africa4
diagnostic tests4
infection overall4
individual viruses4
transmission occurred4
commonly detected4
animal markets4
blood cell4
hev genotypes4
past days4
strongly associated4
higher seroprevalence4
independent determinants4
highest risk4
related mortality4
multivariable model4
study author4
symptom severity4
rural south4
laboratory parameters4
sampling interval4
selection bias4
two complementary4
better compliance4
cumulative logit4
tongji medical4
community spread4
digestive system4
three index4
symptom scores4
arabia mers4
cardiovascular diseases4
total cases4
discharged patients4
higher odds4
mortality among4
drying times4
mildly symptomatic4
rapidly spread4
serum creatinine4
data used4
multivariate regression4
hill function4
independent variables4
population age4
single virus4
following conditions4
partial mers4
lassa fever4
acid testing4
two diseases4
early phase4
simple regression4
systemic symptoms4
virus load4
china date4
zoonotic niche4
laboratory examination4
findings times4
care wards4
european hedgehog4
complete genome4
cigarette smoking4
reasonable request4
pandemic era4
european hedgehogs4
older children4
epidemiological analysis4
patients died4
coastal kenya4
study found4
vaccination decisions4
absolute agreement4
global reported4
planning considerations4
pandemic will4
human coronaviruses4
infections within4
higher mortality4
study population4
hmpv infections4
positive hedgehogs4
antibodies detection4
seasonal peaks4
risk perceptions4
small sample4
antibiotic therapy4
democratic republic4
emergency response4
median time4
analysis clinical4
less common4
treatment protocol4
patient care4
strongly recommend4
neutralizing antibodies4
age category4
potential role4
johns hopkins4
occurred indirectly4
infectiousness period4
sierra leone4
patient subgroups4
case reported4
epidemiology infection4
coronavirus indicating4
immune cells4
transport media4
randomized clinical4
statistical difference4
zhongnan hospital4
indirect transmission4
shows limits4
nigeria centre4
different countries4
transmission potential4
health services4
kidney disease4
patients showed4
worth noting4
drug administration4
negative results4
positive rate4
randomly selected4
distancing measures4
sas institute4
wuhan city4
last days4
hand sanitizer4
findings suggest4
cases may4
aggregated data4
rapid increase4
camel populations4
ericov status4
using sas4
four cases4
without symptoms4
underlying growth4
negative association4
protective hygienic4
health regulations4
global mortality4
mandatory vaccination4
extracted rna4
dry cough4
latent patients4
one respiratory4
timely isolation4
sectional study4
infections among4
perception score4
control strategies4
higher neutrophil4
health organisation4
epidemiological models4
exposure history4
virus outbreak4
fever clinic4
monthly global4
among different4
preparedness scores4
cov clusters4
prevention strategies4
examination results4
one case4
index patient4
hedgehog population4
two distinct4
situations like4
different respiratory4
systemic inflammation4
incubation time4
mean difference4
hand disinfectant4
body condition4
importing risk4
south africa4
isolation ward4
viral pneumonia4
contracting influenza4
sporadic patients4
symptomatic infections4
median duration4
cause severe4
driven research4
pleural thickening4
disease outbreaks4
better understanding4
playing squash4
least three4
computed tomography4
vaccination intent4
risk simulations4
study estimated4
virus spread4
another respiratory4
joint external4
airborne transmission4
respiratory rate4
transmission chains3
pathogenic human3
burkina faso3
one episode3
provide insight3
average crude3
remains unclear3
laboratory test3
median days3
epithelial cells3
novel clade3
generation sequencing3
crude case3
mortality due3
camel breeding3
early warning3
negative consequences3
death toll3
dhabi emirate3
asymptomatic patients3
without bcg3
daily basis3
archive disease3
bred camels3
seroprevalence among3
ecologic fallacy3
coronavirus sars3
epidemic peaks3
original series3
regression results3
chinese medicine3
sick per3
cases linked3
longitudinal study3
study used3
medical students3
dilution series3
huazhong university3
ed visits3
per unit3
four major3
seventh edition3
conditions must3
unvaccinated nurses3
vaccination rate3
among symptomatic3
transmission data3
liver injury3
case reports3
fever duration3
difference among3
care ward3
predicting influenza3
observed episodes3
among dromedary3
significantly elevated3
may occur3
bavarian state3
eurostat database3
poorly understood3
low risk3
epidemic preparedness3
research groups3
face masks3
medical area3
viral transmission3
seasonal epidemics3
source data3
eastern respiratory3
may differ3
greatest incidence3
bat coronaviruses3
disease onset3
research idea3
disease clinical3
country comparisons3
cough within3
sars epidemics3
transmission risk3
detected viruses3
two countries3
antiviral treatment3
prospective study3
economic impact3
future educational3
gross pme3
local level3
rhode island3
funding agencies3
per travellers3
health agency3
outbreak investigation3
five differential3
multiple versus3
outbreak originating3
oropharyngeal swabs3
secondary healthcare3
information available3
cov infected3
eight auxiliary3
local beer3
human development3
hazard risk3
new infections3
collect data3
cov may3
critical patients3
studies also3
comprehensive study3
individual faculty3
lancet infectious3
hcws performing3
ct signs3
valuable information3
clinical management3
outside china3
three factors3
saud bin3
pneumonia mortality3
north america3
rna rp3
suspected sars3
average score3
virus watch3
independent factors3
differences across3
done using3
infected travellers3
clinical respiratory3
ct examination3
respiratory wards3
stata corp3
accumulated knowledge3
health sciences3
inanimate surfaces3
disease importation3
author contributions3
substantial morbidity3
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