bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
acute respiratory	361
respiratory syndrome	338
novel coronavirus	329
coronavirus disease	238
public health	236
severe acute	210
infectious diseases	190
syndrome coronavirus	190
middle east	183
east respiratory	154
respiratory tract	154
infect dis	154
doc id	151
dis doi	151
cord uid	151
world health	127
health organization	119
confirmed cases	116
south korea	114
saudi arabia	114
respiratory infections	114
kawasaki disease	111
clinical characteristics	103
risk factors	103
severe covid	98
mass gatherings	98
human metapneumovirus	96
viral load	96
health care	93
respiratory viruses	91
systematic review	91
hong kong	88
ebola virus	83
infectious disease	83
cytokine storm	82
reproduction number	81
hajj pilgrims	79
influenza virus	77
standard precautions	76
critically ill	74
mass gathering	73
viral shedding	69
authors declare	69
social distancing	69
cohort study	68
respiratory syncytial	68
hospitalized patients	67
syncytial virus	66
lopinavir ritonavir	65
intensive care	65
global health	64
respiratory distress	63
clinical features	62
disease control	62
cov infection	61
tract infections	61
avian influenza	60
african countries	60
hubei province	58
control measures	57
ill patients	57
control group	57
virus disease	56
virus infection	55
mechanical ventilation	55
distress syndrome	54
primary care	54
personal protective	53
reactive protein	53
symptom onset	52
disease severity	52
mainland china	52
incubation period	51
antigen test	51
united states	51
chronic typhoid	51
pandemic influenza	50
healthcare workers	50
imported cases	50
infected patients	50
statistically significant	49
viral infections	48
fatality rate	47
health systems	47
infection control	47
study period	47
coronavirus pneumonia	47
physical distancing	46
upper respiratory	46
significantly higher	46
respiratory symptoms	46
previous studies	45
patients infected	45
staphylococcus aureus	45
isolation wards	44
acquired pneumonia	44
present study	44
typhoid carriers	44
least one	44
years old	43
time series	43
immune response	43
respiratory infection	42
polymerase chain	42
chain reaction	42
nasopharyngeal swabs	41
cp therapy	41
neurosensory dysfunction	40
respiratory failure	40
confirmed covid	40
nucleic acid	40
first case	40
travel restrictions	39
care unit	39
coronavirus infection	39
increased risk	39
mortality rate	39
severe disease	39
reported cases	39
distancing measures	39
care workers	39
viral loads	39
severe pneumonia	38
high risk	38
personal relationships	36
human transmission	35
convalescent plasma	35
transmission dynamics	35
general population	35
age groups	35
logistic regression	34
chest ct	34
plasma exchange	33
nasopharyngeal swab	33
significant difference	33
among patients	33
financial interests	33
clinical course	33
lower respiratory	32
hand hygiene	32
competing financial	32
west africa	32
contact tracing	32
human coronavirus	32
clinical outcomes	32
emerging infectious	31
work reported	31
hmpv infection	31
tested positive	31
health security	31
serial interval	31
sierra leone	31
epidemiological characteristics	31
two groups	31
performed using	30
respiratory virus	30
influenza viruses	30
google trends	30
oropharyngeal swabs	30
protective measures	30
marburg virus	30
new cases	30
two weeks	30
known competing	30
total number	30
pharmaceutical interventions	30
respiratory pathogens	29
typhoid cases	29
modelling study	29
hand washing	29
clinical trials	29
influenza pandemic	29
asymptomatic cases	29
viral rna	29
saharan africa	29
tract infection	29
national health	29
resistant staphylococcus	29
case series	29
young children	28
hospital admission	28
severe cases	28
infected pneumonia	28
early phase	28
local cases	28
acute typhoid	28
sample size	28
disaster risk	28
early stage	28
study design	28
shedding duration	28
sendai framework	28
data collection	28
retrospective cohort	28
respiratory viral	27
reverse transcription	27
cytokine release	27
informed consent	27
university hospital	27
retrospective study	27
supplementary table	27
preventive measures	27
new york	27
case fatality	26
protective equipment	26
day mortality	26
recent study	26
one health	26
second wave	26
asymptomatic patients	26
factors associated	26
income countries	25
organ failure	25
clinical trial	25
release syndrome	25
community transmission	25
family members	25
cardiac injury	25
south africa	25
among children	25
prediction model	25
like illness	25
ethics committee	25
patients received	25
severe patients	25
mean age	25
mast cell	25
health literacy	25
detection rate	24
viral infection	24
adverse events	24
severe illness	24
high viral	24
infected individuals	24
median age	24
dew point	24
within days	24
another study	24
streptococcus pneumoniae	24
test results	24
close contact	24
ethical approval	24
ncov infection	24
laboratory tests	23
suspected cases	23
controlled trial	23
developing countries	23
standard deviation	23
million people	23
respiratory specimens	23
cardiovascular disease	23
blood culture	23
new coronavirus	22
descriptive study	22
hospital stay	22
ritonavir group	22
respiratory illness	22
clinical presentation	22
age group	22
immune responses	22
asymptomatic infections	22
international health	22
risk prediction	22
oxygen saturation	22
contact history	22
asymptomatic individuals	22
effective reproduction	22
vital signs	22
among pilgrims	22
medical records	22
prospective study	22
generation spread	22
infections among	21
patients treated	21
two categories	21
observational study	21
oropharyngeal swab	21
oxygen therapy	21
viral transmission	21
southeast asia	21
demographic characteristics	21
viral respiratory	21
truck drivers	21
influenza vaccine	21
cell activation	21
infection prevention	21
categorical variables	21
included studies	21
population density	21
outside hubei	21
antiviral treatment	21
confidence interval	21
health regulations	21
cases reported	21
parainfluenza virus	21
among hajj	21
first week	21
basic reproduction	21
health authorities	21
immunocompromised patients	21
seasonal influenza	20
coronavirus infections	20
generation spreads	20
hajj pilgrimage	20
lymphocyte count	20
genomic mrna	20
several studies	20
transmission potential	20
one study	20
lung disease	20
metapneumovirus infection	20
epidemic spread	20
diagnostic tests	20
health measures	20
infection among	20
time reverse	20
disease surveillance	20
significant differences	20
primary endpoint	20
health emergency	20
severe group	20
clinical practice	20
effective treatment	20
risk reduction	20
pdf file	20
neutralizing antibodies	20
pcr test	20
coronary artery	20
epidemic potential	20
travel history	20
urine antigen	19
cell count	19
elderly patients	19
viral pathogens	19
significantly lower	19
tocilizumab therapy	19
control study	19
symptoms onset	19
growth rate	19
global pandemic	19
higher risk	19
viral clearance	19
continuous variables	19
laboratory data	19
case report	19
case definition	19
treated patients	18
health commission	18
diamond princess	18
predictive value	18
evaluation version	18
cap cases	18
corona virus	18
health workers	18
baseline characteristics	18
secondary cases	18
th case	18
healthcare system	18
children aged	18
ct scan	18
tcz group	18
lung injury	18
gyeonggi province	18
tcz administration	18
severe sars	18
large number	18
statistical significance	18
two cases	18
different types	18
air pollution	18
laboratory findings	18
health services	17
seven days	17
peripheral blood	17
files without	17
many countries	17
median time	17
white blood	17
generate pdf	17
septic shock	17
early stages	17
close contacts	17
epidemic sources	17
novaferon plus	17
mortality rates	17
nervous system	17
plus lopinavir	17
influenza vaccination	17
sputum samples	17
pdf files	17
international travel	17
healthcare settings	17
positive rate	17
based studies	17
important role	17
data analysis	17
proprotein convertase	16
australian hajj	16
randomized clinical	16
may also	16
hospital setting	16
genomic rna	16
optimum pool	16
disease outbreaks	16
per day	16
universal precautions	16
coronavirus outbreak	16
family cluster	16
less likely	16
ill covid	16
sore throat	16
saudi moh	16
meningococcal disease	16
current study	16
yellow fever	16
statistical analysis	16
igg antibodies	16
funding agencies	16
central nervous	16
observational cohort	16
face masks	16
significantly associated	16
doubling time	16
drug administration	16
patients died	16
competing interests	16
critical illness	16
virus infections	16
patients hospitalized	16
requiring hospitalization	16
much higher	16
heart rate	16
asymptomatic covid	16
cell culture	16
epithelial cells	16
pool size	16
local transmission	16
hospitalized children	16
respiratory parameters	15
multivariate analysis	15
sars coronavirus	15
multiple organ	15
clinical manifestations	15
influenza infection	15
convertase subtilisin	15
hiv infection	15
touch surfaces	15
ambient air	15
immune system	15
epidemic process	15
laboratory diagnosis	15
first two	15
saudi ministry	15
diabetes mellitus	15
control strategies	15
prospective cohort	15
positive cases	15
high mortality	15
sectional study	15
nasal swabs	15
inflammatory response	15
mobile devices	15
clinical specimens	15
human respiratory	15
severe respiratory	15
inclusion criteria	15
mesenchymal stem	15
stem cells	15
igm antibodies	15
ct values	15
february th	15
one case	15
pandemic potential	15
febrile illness	15
aged years	15
varying reproduction	15
haemorrhagic fever	15
nonhuman primates	15
publicly available	15
inflammatory cytokines	15
computed tomography	15
oxygen support	15
people aged	15
surveillance systems	14
converting enzyme	14
risk factor	14
novel human	14
emerging diseases	14
total score	14
community cases	14
amino acid	14
study population	14
gathering events	14
viral detection	14
disseminated intravascular	14
positive patients	14
amino acids	14
infected cases	14
study conducted	14
mg iv	14
climate change	14
bacterial infections	14
human immunodeficiency	14
pcr assay	14
body temperature	14
lymphocyte counts	14
southern china	14
inflammatory markers	14
patients receiving	14
case data	14
intravascular coagulation	14
among australian	14
alveolar damage	14
clinical data	14
zika virus	14
childhood pneumonia	14
viral pneumonia	14
mesenchymal stromal	14
immunodeficiency virus	14
fruit bats	14
newly confirmed	14
spread rapidly	14
stem cell	14
international concern	14
emergency response	14
elderly people	14
critical patients	14
hajj season	14
clinical symptoms	14
exponential growth	14
taste disorders	14
endemic countries	14
ng ml	14
icu admission	14
treatment initiation	14
spatial association	14
healthcare facilities	13
oral mucosa	13
several limitations	13
case reports	13
hiv cases	13
mathematical model	13
sporting events	13
cruise ship	13
poor outcome	13
study showed	13
venous thromboembolism	13
may lead	13
blood samples	13
mild symptoms	13
testing capacity	13
cycle threshold	13
control subjects	13
chest radiography	13
tract specimens	13
spanish influenza	13
significantly different	13
rapid spread	13
time rt	13
respiratory rate	13
leading cause	13
crp levels	13
statistical difference	13
poor prognosis	13
interquartile range	13
diagnostic test	13
nha trang	13
real time	13
exact test	13
pregnant women	13
specific grant	13
incidence rate	13
first wave	13
sexual transmission	13
confirmed case	13
surveillance system	13
africa cdc	13
situation report	13
crf bc	13
national institute	13
cases among	13
blood cell	13
communicable diseases	13
care units	13
reverse transcriptase	13
fungal infections	13
general self	13
time pcr	13
reproduction numbers	13
time interval	13
common respiratory	13
wbc count	13
travel advice	13
york city	13
wuhan city	13
reproductive number	13
transcription polymerase	13
different countries	13
preliminary report	13
march th	13
mild patients	13
recovery time	13
activation syndrome	13
pneumonia patients	13
respiratory disease	13
monoclonal antibody	13
iv group	12
mg dl	12
statistical analyses	12
total cases	12
infected patient	12
laboratory results	12
laboratory test	12
pcr assays	12
first reported	12
also found	12
lung lesions	12
detection rates	12
wavelet transform	12
confirmed sars	12
patients showed	12
vp protein	12
second week	12
human influenza	12
princess cruise	12
recent studies	12
high levels	12
results showed	12
molecular methods	12
rna extraction	12
healthy control	12
viral replication	12
case study	12
outbreak investigation	12
older age	12
etiological agent	12
pleural effusion	12
general hospital	12
french pilgrims	12
supplementary material	12
patients without	12
pneumonia requiring	12
typical symptoms	12
viral culture	12
mers coronavirus	12
pulmonary embolism	12
antibiotic prescription	12
conducted using	12
surgical residents	12
positive results	12
global spread	12
randomized controlled	12
old man	12
au ml	12
united kingdom	12
risk assessment	12
agents detected	12
blood donors	12
viruses detected	12
enteric fever	12
diagnostic criteria	12
patients admitted	12
negative results	12
person transmission	12
baseline survey	12
applied biosystems	12
asymptomatic carriers	12
heart disease	12
antiviral drugs	12
mast cells	12
profit sectors	12
mers cases	12
clinical management	12
mild group	12
epidemiological data	12
mortality risk	12
annual hajj	12
young adults	12
meteorological parameters	12
clearance rates	12
pneumococcal disease	12
asymptomatic sars	12
international society	12
one week	12
target prevalence	12
high level	11
kawasaki syndrome	11
respiration rate	11
environmental contamination	11
studies showed	11
propensity score	11
sars patients	11
facial skin	11
hiv aids	11
two patients	11
health system	11
treatment groups	11
medical staff	11
small number	11
international spread	11
pg ml	11
early transmission	11
human coronaviruses	11
ebola epidemic	11
considered statistically	11
randomised controlled	11
institutional review	11
pneumococcal pneumonia	11
seasonal patterns	11
trends tm	11
renal failure	11
severe critical	11
gastrointestinal symptoms	11
antibody responses	11
adult patients	11
medical practitioners	11
influenza prevention	11
member states	11
acute febrile	11
disease outbreak	11
early diagnosis	11
correlation coefficient	11
antigen detection	11
infection may	11
severe cap	11
epidemiological studies	11
public interest	11
health approach	11
chest radiographs	11
ct value	11
laboratory confirmed	11
three days	11
organ dysfunction	11
also reported	11
icu patients	11
contaminated area	11
lymphocyte subsets	11
spike protein	11
case counts	11
blood pressure	11
ground glass	11
human bocavirus	11
glass opacities	11
false negative	11
serological tests	11
major public	11
attack rate	11
antiviral therapy	11
ebola outbreak	11
united nations	11
standard treatment	11
study reported	11
based study	11
antimicrobial resistance	11
middle income	11
odds ratio	11
irt system	11
symptomatic surveillance	11
epidemic curve	11
influenza transmission	11
transplant recipients	11
face mask	11
among health	11
even though	11
long term	10
vaccine development	10
may th	10
mouth disease	10
patients presenting	10
nosocomial transmission	10
among idus	10
cov outbreak	10
single center	10
virus outbreak	10
olfactory dysfunction	10
influenza patients	10
old woman	10
excluding wuhan	10
mg daily	10
underlying diseases	10
younger people	10
health education	10
emerging respiratory	10
st group	10
review board	10
skin temperature	10
early outbreak	10
european countries	10
chinese center	10
disease burden	10
asymptomatic carrier	10
positive predictive	10
uptake among	10
hospital infections	10
among people	10
disease spread	10
tpe group	10
thermal images	10
infection rate	10
twice daily	10
rheumatoid arthritis	10
tertiary care	10
dromedary camels	10
sustained transmission	10
readily available	10
lockdown measures	10
severe forms	10
stromal cells	10
normal range	10
mg twice	10
negative predictive	10
qualified proportion	10
adult inpatients	10
diagnostic testing	10
diffuse alveolar	10
early detection	10
general hospitals	10
mortality due	10
detection kit	10
received tcz	10
confirmed cap	10
disease patients	10
analysis showed	10
global public	10
atypical pneumonia	10
disinfection pool	10
patients may	10
study group	10
low incidence	10
virus type	10
hospitalised patients	10
activation disease	10
countries worldwide	10
disease transmission	10
dengue fever	10
diagnostic accuracy	10
long distance	10
class ii	10
healthcare systems	10
outcomes among	10
highly pathogenic	10
potential risk	10
within hours	10
allowed us	10
retrospective case	10
average number	10
major outbreak	10
health risks	10
written informed	10
electronic medical	10
nucleic acids	10
familial cluster	10
urgent need	10
environmental factors	10
measures among	10
world bank	10
haemophilus influenzae	10
emergency department	10
dendritic cells	10
pneumonia caused	10
times higher	10
important lessons	10
chinese government	10
older adults	10
start date	10
compared using	10
inactivated virus	10
antigen level	10
first time	10
among healthcare	10
ev vaccine	10
case numbers	10
spatial spread	10
dengue virus	10
many african	10
critical cases	10
observational studies	10
female idus	10
human infection	10
early childhood	10
neutrophil count	9
household transmission	9
conducted among	9
newly infected	9
apn gene	9
pneumonia cases	9
cytokine storms	9
pearson correlation	9
cases per	9
qualitative study	9
may result	9
correlation analysis	9
since january	9
bacterial pathogens	9
may play	9
th march	9
necrosis factor	9
supportive care	9
cumulative number	9
prevention measures	9
virus transmission	9
antiviral agents	9
studies reported	9
laboratory abnormalities	9
epidemic processes	9
vaccine uptake	9
positive rt	9
medical research	9
facemask use	9
containment measures	9
day seven	9
study clinical	9
serum antibody	9
chemosensory disorders	9
analysis using	9
differential diagnosis	9
novaferon group	9
table shows	9
viral transport	9
protease inhibitor	9
interim guidance	9
previously reported	9
cp infusion	9
analyzed using	9
bone marrow	9
laboratory confirmation	9
illness onset	9
storm syndromes	9
causative pathogens	9
psi scores	9
antigen levels	9
distance truck	9
higher among	9
mean score	9
pcr testing	9
laboratory testing	9
better understanding	9
tongji hospital	9
air quality	9
dna vaccine	9
primary case	9
receiver operating	9
northern italy	9
harm reduction	9
glass opacity	9
transmission rate	9
type measures	9
reduction program	9
preprocessing disinfection	9
partial pressure	9
human serum	9
lactate dehydrogenase	9
sc group	9
laboratory values	9
severe sepsis	9
east asia	9
recent years	9
medical care	9
swab specimens	9
outbreak investigations	9
province excluding	9
since december	9
mandatory mask	9
cases generated	9
regression model	9
reporting delays	9
gyeongbuk province	9
renal disease	9
olympic games	9
acute infection	9
findings suggest	9
fever virus	9
community health	9
chronic obstructive	9
unclear whether	9
based screening	9
allocate points	9
may occur	9
rural areas	9
protective measure	9
direct contact	9
regression models	9
fatal outcome	9
using kit	9
many cities	9
cerebrospinal fluid	9
nipah virus	9
respiratory pathogen	9
richards model	9
antibody response	9
cost savings	9
abstract background	9
days later	9
macrophage activation	9
affected areas	9
literacy level	9
one patient	9
elevated levels	9
herd immunity	9
acquired weakness	9
pulmonary disease	9
superspreading events	9
patients co	9
general office	9
specific antibodies	9
abstract objectives	9
will need	9
much lower	9
pcr results	9
higher mortality	9
bronchoalveolar lavage	9
research ethics	9
case definitions	9
igm igg	9
previous reports	9
educational level	9
moderate grade	9
cp transfusion	9
vaccine candidates	9
high proportion	9
broad spectrum	8
west african	8
suspected influenza	8
swab samples	8
controlled study	8
clinical improvement	8
serum samples	8
repurposed drugs	8
health response	8
gold standard	8
bacterial pneumonia	8
pneumonia outbreak	8
prediction models	8
antiviral effects	8
receptor antagonist	8
previous study	8
chikungunya virus	8
medical history	8
daily new	8
study date	8
medical residents	8
based approach	8
fever clinic	8
time period	8
coagulation parameters	8
also showed	8
chlamydia pneumoniae	8
cov patients	8
sustainable development	8
chronic renal	8
mild cases	8
surgical masks	8
identify patients	8
infected persons	8
effective antiviral	8
therapeutic interventions	8
recently published	8
two doses	8
human aminopeptidase	8
mg kg	8
saharan african	8
artery lesions	8
high quality	8
room air	8
animal health	8
care settings	8
clinical findings	8
currently available	8
among young	8
square test	8
lower risk	8
large proportion	8
baseline laboratory	8
supply chain	8
positive samples	8
absolute value	8
china date	8
days post	8
cumulative incidence	8
virus isolation	8
results suggest	8
apn exon	8
disease research	8
clinical predictors	8
suspected covid	8
cumulative case	8
reducing mortality	8
storm syndrome	8
cov surveillance	8
facemask among	8
study suggests	8
respiration rates	8
invasive mechanical	8
mathematical modelling	8
people living	8
may provide	8
international community	8
term outcomes	8
returning travellers	8
general symptoms	8
natural history	8
flu group	8
equine encephalitis	8
sick patient	8
provincial capital	8
acute kidney	8
saliva samples	8
clinical severity	8
international journal	8
made available	8
controlled trials	8
severely ill	8
one dose	8
human parainfluenza	8
study found	8
increased significantly	8
cases vs	8
hospital infection	8
zoonotic diseases	8
assessed using	8
new infections	8
spatial dependency	8
turning point	8
carrier state	8
coronavirus sars	8
clinical outcome	8
detected among	8
study used	8
infectious agents	8
similar results	8
care systems	8
clinical samples	8
also used	8
symptomatic cases	8
early identification	8
health conditions	8
four types	8
risk groups	8
first covid	8
causative agent	8
first study	8
tested negative	8
sample pooling	8
developed countries	8
previously described	8
air pollutants	8
like symptoms	8
human movements	8
cd cd	8
cmos camera	8
single dose	8
formal healthcare	8
nasal swab	8
white cell	8
fold increase	8
disease clinical	8
infectious agent	8
febrile children	8
laboratory criteria	8
mers outbreak	8
five years	8
iv every	8
several countries	8
respiratory illnesses	8
screening criteria	8
included patients	8
st century	8
regression analysis	8
concomitant pneumonia	8
lrt samples	8
pathological findings	8
cov cases	8
prolonged viral	8
pao fio	8
health issues	8
days following	8
therapeutic plasma	8
daily number	8
south america	8
hiv infected	8
routine clinical	8
molecular diagnosis	8
first cases	8
avoiding touching	8
lessons learned	8
study protocol	8
rate among	8
nonpharmaceutical interventions	8
based surveillance	8
etiological agents	8
per minute	8
mortality associated	8
transcription pcr	8
health prevention	8
precautions knowledge	8
multiple vital	8
laboratory parameters	8
enterovirus infection	8
physical examination	8
lower levels	8
suspect cases	8
swine flu	8
human interferon	8
common symptoms	8
risk group	8
rapidly spread	8
next pandemic	8
suspected mers	8
cell transplant	8
less common	8
obstructive pulmonary	8
infectious pathogens	7
internal medicine	7
gatherings medicine	7
australian pilgrims	7
low levels	7
study also	7
bat origin	7
lung inflammation	7
host cell	7
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igm antibody	7
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i statistic	6
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investigation team	4
isolation precautions	4
many studies	4
us food	4
may pose	4
improved clinical	4
us dollars	4
implementation status	4
cd cells	4
will enable	4
serious infections	4
propensity scores	4
four different	4
tac assay	4
tocilizumab treatment	4
vero cell	4
high rates	4
evd outbreak	4
significant risk	4
infection date	4
lower seroprevalence	4
rv detection	4
mortality significantly	4
four medical	4
secondary transmission	4
illness surveillance	4
preventive measure	4
new framework	4
wide variety	4
old age	4
lung function	4
axillary temperature	4
hospital workers	4
membrane formation	4
diagnostic capacity	4
confirmed pneumonia	4
year study	4
testing kits	4
treatment protocol	4
major clusters	4
epidemic source	4
another limitation	4
human mobility	4
epidemic dynamics	4
progressive respiratory	4
infecting respiratory	4
radiography showed	4
great threat	4
remains largely	4
chikungunya outbreak	4
china severe	4
lbs requests	4
capital city	4
rapid test	4