trigram

This is a table of type trigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

trigram	frequency
the detection of	314
for the detection	295
in this study	260
c for min	236
for detection of	200
the presence of	189
according to the	182
polymerase chain reaction	180
as well as	165
based on the	162
respiratory syncytial virus	153
severe acute respiratory	142
acute respiratory syndrome	138
data not shown	132
c for s	127
in order to	124
sensitivity and specificity	123
mediated isothermal amplification	122
the use of	122
infectious bronchitis virus	122
the sensitivity of	118
specificity of the	116
a and b	115
virol methods doi	115
j virol methods	115
a h n	114
was carried out	114
porcine epidemic diarrhea	113
feline infectious peritonitis	112
sensitivity of the	109
of the assay	106
was used to	106
influenza a h	99
pcr assay for	98
the specificity of	94
of the virus	93
development of a	90
epidemic diarrhea virus	89
for min at	89
found to be	86
analysis of the	84
detection of the	84
to determine the	83
due to the	82
sequence of the	81
primers and probes	79
of influenza a	79
the number of	79
were used to	79
the assay was	78
detection limit of	78
the development of	77
the h y	74
a total of	70
the detection limit	70
pcr assay was	70
influenza a virus	69
the expression of	69
serial dilutions of	67
decaro et al	67
assay for the	65
and specificity of	64
rapid detection of	64
was added to	64
used in this	64
rna was extracted	62
transmissible gastroenteritis virus	62
this study was	62
c t values	61
the present study	61
real time pcr	61
sybr green real	60
used in the	60
of the rt	59
was used as	59
influenza a viruses	58
of a novel	58
the diagnosis of	58
the m gene	58
of porcine epidemic	57
the sensitivity and	57
for h at	57
shown in fig	56
of respiratory viruses	56
in the presence	55
the cells were	55
were obtained from	55
of the viral	54
were carried out	54
the detection and	54
and stored at	53
the s protein	53
were positive for	53
can be used	53
of the samples	52
of the s	52
be used to	51
h n and	51
used for the	51
detection of respiratory	51
was extracted from	51
sensitive and specific	50
of viral rna	49
at room temperature	49
c for h	49
assay for detection	49
the n protein	48
was determined by	48
in the present	48
real time rt	48
porcine circovirus type	48
compared to the	47
of respiratory syncytial	47
of severe acute	47
was detected in	47
one of the	47
the results of	46
pcr for the	45
time reverse transcription	45
shown in table	45
pratelli et al	45
method for the	45
as shown in	45
limit of detection	45
and nested pcr	44
was found to	44
the samples were	44
in clinical samples	44
limit of the	44
in the same	44
carried out in	44
detection of sars	44
sequences of the	44
park et al	43
positive and negative	43
o o f	43
were collected from	43
and l of	43
classical swine fever	43
of feline infectious	43
r o o	43
linked immunosorbent assay	43
p r e	43
h n virus	43
p r o	43
a l p	42
of infectious bronchitis	42
u r n	42
was used for	42
j o u	42
was performed using	42
o u r	42
r n a	42
are shown in	42
for rapid detection	42
and differentiation of	42
l p r	42
vero e cells	42
n a l	42
were positive by	41
agarose gel electrophoresis	41
respiratory syndrome coronavirus	41
to assess the	41
pcr products were	41
could be used	41
added to the	41
primers were designed	41
detection and differentiation	41
for min and	41
evaluation of a	40
of canine coronavirus	40
sybr green i	40
were used as	40
more sensitive than	40
for s and	40
time pcr assay	40
was confirmed by	39
all of the	39
were subjected to	39
followed by cycles	39
to evaluate the	39
respiratory tract infections	39
for the presence	39
the absence of	39
of the h	39
primer and probe	38
volume of l	38
the primers and	38
shown to be	38
avian infectious bronchitis	38
pcr assays for	38
were used for	38
dilutions of the	38
with l of	38
the c t	38
the identification of	38
end of the	38
of the primers	37
be used for	37
h n influenza	37
and h n	37
the sequence of	37
the amount of	37
the spike protein	37
l of the	37
newcastle disease virus	37
pcr and nested	37
used to detect	37
virus in the	37
and evaluation of	36
the m protein	36
kim et al	36
the n gene	36
in cell culture	36
fold serial dilutions	35
by cycles of	35
obtained from the	35
used as a	35
samples were positive	35
were found to	35
able to detect	35
results of the	35
detected by the	35
fold dilutions of	35
was supported by	35
this work was	35
the production of	35
copies per reaction	35
comparison of the	35
to confirm the	34
were detected in	34
of the disease	34
of this study	34
detection and quantitation	34
of canine parvovirus	34
the s gene	34
been shown to	34
g for min	34
of the m	34
and respiratory syndrome	34
as described previously	34
detection of human	34
simultaneous detection of	33
canine distemper virus	33
and quantitation of	33
development and evaluation	33
primers and probe	33
tmev and rtv	33
bovine viral diarrhea	33
the viral rna	33
was evaluated by	33
wang et al	33
swine fever virus	33
expression of the	33
respiratory syndrome virus	33
any of the	33
porcine reproductive and	32
were used in	32
west nile virus	32
of the target	32
reproductive and respiratory	32
of the pcr	32
that of the	32
to that of	32
the sybr green	32
detected in the	32
carried out using	32
of the sars	32
and characterization of	32
and identification of	32
the limit of	31
detection of influenza	31
of canine distemper	31
the standard curve	31
included in the	31
the united states	31
the effect of	31
rapid and sensitive	31
by using a	31
showed that the	31
for the diagnosis	31
characterization of a	31
rapid detection and	31
sequence analysis of	31
added to each	31
of porcine circovirus	31
in the study	31
transcription polymerase chain	31
for influenza a	31
influenza a and	30
in addition to	30
the efficiency of	30
to detect the	30
detection of canine	30
assay was developed	30
recombinant m protein	30
were stored at	30
of the two	30
detection of porcine	30
mesenteric lymph nodes	30
positive by the	29
the percentage of	29
as previously described	29
specific for the	29
performed using the	29
to be positive	29
be due to	29
than that of	29
lower respiratory tract	29
for the rapid	29
seasonal h n	29
dilution series of	29
viral diarrhea virus	29
region of the	29
to develop a	28
it has been	28
the aim of	28
for diagnosis of	28
the end of	28
inoculated with the	28
used to determine	28
in the united	28
in comparison to	28
the vaccinia virus	28
was assessed by	28
of each primer	28
reverse transcription loop	28
has been shown	28
three times with	28
used as the	28
the performance of	27
was able to	27
of the real	27
in the field	27
study was to	27
each of the	27
a number of	27
liu et al	27
was performed in	27
and can be	27
l of each	27
n and h	27
the need for	27
a variety of	27
to be a	27
were incubated at	27
bovine respiratory syncytial	27
equine arteritis virus	27
the course of	27
detection of antibodies	27
have been developed	26
the other hand	26
the polymerase chain	26
pcr was performed	26
cells were washed	26
kindly provided by	26
were infected with	26
f and b	26
were detected by	26
a panel of	26
tsv and yhv	26
when compared to	26
of sars coronavirus	26
on the other	26
detection and quantification	26
sequencing of the	26
detection of bovine	26
at the end	25
of newcastle disease	25
of a new	25
by conventional rt	25
h y rt	25
the concentration of	25
was developed for	25
in terms of	25
the influenza a	25
as described above	25
btov and ptov	25
provided by dr	25
in l of	25
is based on	25
viral transport media	25
there was no	25
work was supported	25
at h post	25
the case of	25
in the case	25
samples collected from	25
were negative for	25
there is a	25
for detection and	24
closely related to	24
compared with the	24
nucleic acid amplification	24
ranging from to	24
presence of the	24
of influenza viruses	24
well as the	24
by reverse transcription	24
corresponding to the	24
the addition of	24
none of the	24
type i and	24
a wide range	24
a rapid and	24
rapid diagnosis of	24
multisystemic wasting syndrome	24
as a result	24
in patients with	24
identification of a	24
the reaction was	24
this study were	24
hepatitis c virus	24
porcine epidemic diarrhoea	24
viral rna was	24
derived from the	24
sephadex tm g	24
b and c	24
world health organization	24
the basis of	24
between the two	24
in vitro transcribed	24
li et al	23
to compare the	23
and probes were	23
of the genome	23
a member of	23
use of the	23
use of a	23
a agarose gel	23
suggest that the	23
reverse transcription polymerase	23
of the n	23
such as the	23
incubated for h	23
it is possible	23
of a real	23
phylogenetic analysis of	23
of the three	23
canine parvovirus type	23
in clinical specimens	23
have been described	23
the supernatant was	23
the level of	23
virus infection in	23
a range of	23
h and h	23
washed three times	23
to detect and	23
wide range of	23
of influenza virus	23
samples were collected	23
and quantification of	23
time pcr for	23
developed for the	23
reproducibility of the	23
respiratory viruses in	23
from to copies	23
in vitro transcription	23
out in a	23
sybr green rt	22
of clinical samples	22
and incubated at	22
high sensitivity and	22
indicated that the	22
is the first	22
zhang et al	22
of transmissible gastroenteritis	22
house sephadex tm	22
results showed that	22
of the ibv	22
appears to be	22
evaluation of the	22
were designed to	22
an internal control	22
the lack of	22
sensitive detection of	22
final volume of	22
of reverse transcription	22
value of the	22
tool for the	22
a novel coronavirus	22
casais et al	22
infectious peritonitis virus	22
and sensitive detection	22
pcr for detection	22
of primers and	22
of nucleic acid	22
of h n	22
the in vitro	22
provided by the	22
methods for the	22
was detected by	22
the plates were	22
influenza virus a	22
to be more	22
on the basis	22
performance of the	22
the development and	22
were negative by	22
porcine respiratory coronavirus	21
demonstrated that the	21
was determined using	21
detection of a	21
a set of	21
has been reported	21
be detected by	21
c t value	21
was assessed using	21
have been reported	21
serum samples were	21
of the test	21
the role of	21
determined to be	21
the viral load	21
with the following	21
was performed on	21
related to the	21
h of storage	21
member of the	21
the primers were	21
pdm h n	21
was used in	21
and validation of	21
the pcr products	21
l of template	21
of the duplex	21
of this assay	21
of in vitro	21
dilution of the	21
has not been	21
indicating that the	21
the detection rate	21
aim of this	21
as determined by	21
of antibodies against	21
of the standard	20
samples were tested	20
molecular characterization of	20
regions of the	20
the nucleocapsid protein	20
for at least	20
time pcr assays	20
to each well	20
of sybr green	20
with severe acute	20
pcr was carried	20
the genome of	20
cloned into the	20
supported by the	20
that had been	20
were added to	20
fragment of the	20
there is no	20
be used as	20
swine influenza virus	20
a reverse transcription	20
sephadex tm columns	20
in ml of	20
assay to detect	20
as described by	20
present in the	20
to amplify the	20
of the different	20
cells transfected with	20
from patients with	20
a concentration of	20
genbank accession no	20
of total rna	20
parida et al	20
of feline coronavirus	20
listed in table	20
nucleotide sequence of	20
postweaning multisystemic wasting	20
in our study	20
the in silico	20
reverse transcriptase pcr	20
performed in a	20
coefficient of variation	20
isothermal amplification assay	20
depending on the	20
because of the	20
viral load in	20
of the recombinant	20
diagnosis of sars	19
the gold standard	19
gag and env	19
total rna was	19
chen et al	19
pedv specific siga	19
in the us	19
infections in children	19
rna in the	19
the fact that	19
clinical samples were	19
protein of sars	19
in the faeces	19
an important role	19
the results were	19
in which the	19
of the triplex	19
of the rna	19
would like to	19
with the exception	19
a sensitivity of	19
carried out on	19
efficiency of the	19
a standard curve	19
t rna polymerase	19
of the multiplex	19
in accordance with	19
assay was determined	19
at c for	19
developed in this	19
i and ii	19
of classical swine	19
described for the	19
final concentration of	19
control and prevention	19
incubated for min	19
considered to be	19
specific detection of	19
universal influenza a	19
of these viruses	19
were tested by	19
h n viruses	19
be useful for	19
for the development	19
was designed to	19
a result of	19
were tested for	19
this is the	19
were included in	19
consistent with the	19
assays for the	19
were performed using	19
tested positive for	19
results suggest that	19
a final volume	19
conserved region of	19
the european standard	18
associated with the	18
of the patients	18
coiras et al	18
s protein of	18
diagnosis of fip	18
higher than that	18
amplification of the	18
time reverse transcriptase	18
m of each	18
sensitive than the	18
transfected with pegfp	18
a final concentration	18
of l of	18
in the absence	18
were washed with	18
yang et al	18
the analysis of	18
the sequences of	18
was mixed with	18
copy number of	18
could not be	18
and vaccine strains	18
total volume of	18
the rapid detection	18
detection limits of	18
of the viruses	18
of denaturation at	18
pcr detection of	18
pcr product was	18
each sample was	18
method for detection	18
the surface of	18
and incubated for	18
was shown to	18
by flow cytometry	18
times with pbs	18
the duplex real	18
acute respiratory tract	18
viral rna in	18
strain of pedv	18
basic kit assay	18
false positive results	18
were performed in	18
multiplex reverse transcription	18
viruses in the	18
the nucleotide sequence	18
values of the	18
could be detected	18
the sars coronavirus	18
rna extracted from	18
forward and reverse	18
diagnosis of respiratory	18
rapid identification of	18
carried out with	18
the target sequence	18
serum samples from	18
of the method	17
in this paper	17
thermo fisher scientific	17
cell culture supernatant	17
followed by a	17
specificity and sensitivity	17
was calculated using	17
the primer pair	17
by agarose gel	17
based on a	17
the reaction mixture	17
specific and sensitive	17
human respiratory syncytial	17
performed according to	17
were confirmed by	17
faecal samples of	17
for disease control	17
cells in the	17
involved in the	17
at the same	17
transcriptase polymerase chain	17
in silico sensitivity	17
amino acid residues	17
of avian infectious	17
on the surface	17
was cloned into	17
the virus neutralisation	17
to determine whether	17
the current study	17
in vitro and	17
time pcr system	17
of the cap	17
pandemic influenza a	17
results indicated that	17
were incubated for	17
human immunodeficiency virus	17
for the identification	17
the soiv osel	17
the exception of	17
the ability of	17
rna mini kit	17
with pbs and	17
a mixture of	17
of the study	17
of sars cov	17
the rna was	17
chimaeric s gene	17
and in the	17
observed in the	17
the multiplex method	17
is the most	17
was obtained from	17
submitted to the	17
validation of a	17
of bovine viral	17
ml of the	17
of the other	17
avian influenza virus	17
fetal bovine serum	17
in escherichia coli	17
l of rna	17
samples were negative	17
was observed in	17
rt real time	17
the ee index	17
h y mutation	17
syncytial virus in	17
samples positive for	17
by polymerase chain	17
e and oc	16
with ml of	16
amplification assay for	16
in combination with	16
sequences in the	16
with respect to	16
the virus in	16
the amino acid	16
important role in	16
of samples were	16
for the first	16
assay for rapid	16
the results showed	16
early diagnosis of	16
weeks of age	16
nested pcr assay	16
was tested in	16
to a final	16
is important to	16
the reproducibility of	16
in a total	16
detection of viruses	16
the majority of	16
freymuth et al	16
n protein of	16
min followed by	16
nucleic acid extraction	16
s gene of	16
has been described	16
was isolated from	16
ube d mrna	16
false negative results	16
the universal influenza	16
was performed with	16
was not detected	16
were mixed with	16
significantly higher than	16
sensitivity of rt	16
of the genus	16
a simple and	16
tan et al	16
a positive result	16
assays have been	16
seasonal influenza a	16
influenza viruses a	16
of each dilution	16
the ftdrp assay	16
that the assay	16
quantitative detection of	16
were analyzed by	16
can be detected	16
assays were performed	16
for h n	16
were designed using	16
defined as the	16
disease control and	16
negative by the	16
in the rt	16
agarose gel and	16
in the m	16
of a single	16
sample preparation method	16
time pcr was	16
of the spike	16
to be the	16
chain reaction assay	16
was compared to	16
c until use	16
were compared with	16
s gene sequence	16
probes were designed	16
likely to be	16
a nested pcr	16
using the same	16
detection of h	16
the vero e	16
nested pcr and	16
has also been	16
we found that	16
time quantitative pcr	16
t values of	16
by the in	16
with acute respiratory	16
is one of	16
antigen capture elisa	16
vero e cell	16
of the ns	16
in the first	15
and cycles of	15
assays for detection	15
carried out at	15
developed to detect	15
in silico validation	15
mutations in the	15
and sybr green	15
qiaamp viral rna	15
with a high	15
it should be	15
of viruses in	15
vaccinia virus genome	15
the lamp assay	15
samples that were	15
was determined to	15
marra et al	15
fold dilution series	15
by use of	15
tested using the	15
indicate that the	15
detection of feline	15
by using the	15
of a rapid	15
tested by the	15
primers for the	15
the world health	15
the membrane was	15
have been shown	15
were incubated with	15
viral rna mini	15
the viral genome	15
of the sample	15
the emergence of	15
assay was performed	15
like to thank	15
is able to	15
the nested pcr	15
found in the	15
assay for rsv	15
a total volume	15
reverse transcription and	15
assay can be	15
copies ng of	15
tract infections in	15
virus neutralisation test	15
similar to that	15
a positive control	15
monoclonal antibodies against	15
and used as	15
appeared to be	15
the h n	15
gel electrophoresis and	15
due to its	15
rsv a and	15
the most common	15
he et al	15
be noted that	15
isolated from a	15
it is important	15
for each sample	15
in the clinical	15
containing l of	15
hek t cells	15
were determined by	15
of the fcov	15
lamp assay was	15
m protein was	15
have shown that	15
open reading frame	15
of positive samples	15
higher than the	15
with the same	15
for the n	15
of the plasmid	15
of the same	15
are listed in	15
is shown in	15
were inoculated with	15
study was supported	15
on the same	15
it can be	15
the ministry of	15
assay and the	15
and conventional rt	15
rabies and rabies	15
the conventional rt	15
the method described	15
for the h	15
the replication of	15
real time qt	15
identification of the	15
at postinoculation day	15
were coated with	15
were analyzed using	15
the capsid protein	15
methods such as	15
the importance of	15
in a l	15
detection rate of	15
positive or negative	15
from clinical samples	15
a comparison of	15
have also been	15
hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus	15
pandemic h n	15
laboratory diagnosis of	15
by means of	15
the ic assay	15
days after inoculation	14
reaction was performed	14
variola virus specific	14
and for the	14
of the cell	14
is an enveloped	14
of monoclonal antibodies	14
respiratory disease in	14
detection and identification	14
to the detection	14
subtype h n	14
avian influenza viruses	14
most of the	14
a final extension	14
be more sensitive	14
copies of the	14
the highly conserved	14
results indicate that	14
comparison with the	14
bronchitis virus in	14
of the reaction	14
to investigate the	14
analytical sensitivity of	14
the standard deviation	14
were tested in	14
bovine viral diarrhoea	14
large number of	14
been described for	14
isothermal amplification method	14
the reverse transcription	14
was subjected to	14
respiratory virus infections	14
of tmev and	14
and probe were	14
for min in	14
positive samples were	14
syncytial virus infection	14
the assay is	14
for use in	14
used to evaluate	14
the threshold cycle	14
pcr is a	14
bovine and porcine	14
and the results	14
similar to the	14
there was a	14
in nasal aspirates	14
the generation of	14
thompson et al	14
samples from the	14
with and without	14
centrifuged for min	14
oseltamivir resistance in	14
for min followed	14
been developed for	14
wild type and	14
early detection of	14
for rapid diagnosis	14
to test the	14
of the gene	14
development of an	14
copies rna l	14
standard deviation of	14
the control of	14
component of the	14
of the host	14
were resuspended in	14
the qcm biosensor	14
purified using the	14
isothermal amplification for	14
soiv osel res	14
peptides derived from	14
of serum samples	14
an indirect elisa	14
of public health	14
differences between the	14
was developed to	14
the recombinant m	14
patients with severe	14
a combination of	14
the titer of	14
can be found	14
of the most	14
min at room	14
the faecal samples	14
characterization of the	14
without the need	14
influenza b virus	14
and used for	14
has been developed	14
the dilution series	14
the difference between	14
extracted from the	14
on a agarose	14
for rna extraction	14
in vitro transcripts	14
to improve the	14
for quantitation of	14
the coefficient of	14
approved by the	14
those of the	14
as a diagnostic	14
and used to	14
have been used	14
the faeces of	14
epidemic diarrhoea virus	14
assay was evaluated	14
mm of each	14
each well and	14
type and vaccine	14
in the samples	14
of the sequence	14
in stool samples	14
of h y	14
primers used for	14
a ct value	14
the mixture was	14
genbank accession number	14
belonging to the	14
infected vero cells	14
blood samples from	13
coronavirus associated with	13
of cell culture	13
all samples were	13
pcr assay and	13
a negative control	13
and h of	13
were purified using	13
all rights reserved	13
for this study	13
at postchallenge day	13
in the s	13
of infectious virus	13
of detection of	13
for simultaneous detection	13
a l reaction	13
the size of	13
was extracted using	13
lymph node cells	13
the clinical samples	13
to detect all	13
open reading frames	13
amplification and detection	13
of the product	13
assay based on	13
copies l of	13
were washed three	13
highly purified sars	13
distilled water and	13
of hepatitis c	13
the first report	13
determined by testing	13
contained l of	13
centers for disease	13
positive for the	13
of porcine parvovirus	13
a bp fragment	13
in a final	13
useful for the	13
products were detected	13
poon et al	13
in of the	13
clinical diagnosis of	13
the rt step	13
the negative control	13
mab f g	13
l reaction volume	13
carried out to	13
pcr using the	13
and negative by	13
and probe sequences	13
and influenza a	13
caused by the	13
was resuspended in	13
vero cells were	13
genetic characterization of	13
was performed by	13
yellow head virus	13
rsv lna assay	13
the same as	13
were submitted to	13
detection of viral	13
infection in the	13
pcr master mix	13
western blot analysis	13
japanese encephalitis virus	13
the detection limits	13
was based on	13
the ibv cdna	13
step step step	13
of respiratory virus	13
using the primer	13
amino acid sequences	13
the taqman probe	13
in a single	13
was to develop	13
performed on a	13
results were obtained	13
phosphate buffered saline	13
as a template	13
l of extracted	13
the possibility of	13
a previous study	13
the ability to	13
infected with the	13
in the diagnosis	13
and resuspended in	13
the multiplex assay	13
fip and bip	13
the hcov e	13
is known to	13
diagnosis of feline	13
a novel real	13
virus rna in	13
that tested positive	13
is difficult to	13
of enteric viruses	13
belongs to the	13
the respiratory tract	13
h n isolates	13
as per the	13
of the detection	13
by the real	13
c and min	13
were purchased from	13
melting curve analysis	13
development and validation	13
and specificity were	13
three of the	13
and the viral	13
in the positive	13
reverse transcription pcr	13
performed using a	13
soiv osel sen	13
as negative controls	13
to detect a	13
for the study	13
the duplex assay	13
minor groove binder	13
were synthesized by	13
methods have been	13
the chimaeric s	13
performed with the	13
n influenza a	13
embryonated chicken eggs	13
detection of all	13
final extension at	13
the study of	13
strains of pedv	13
be explained by	13
orders of magnitude	13
described in this	13
at a concentration	13
due to a	13
of the five	13
quartz crystal microbalance	13
found that the	13
siga positive colostrum	13
and centrifuged at	13
viral diarrhoea virus	12
a commercially available	12
the most sensitive	12
course of the	12
the amplification of	12
confirmed by sequencing	12
the cap gene	12
to those of	12
the analytical sensitivity	12
small interfering rnas	12
the lamp method	12
a dilution series	12
these samples were	12
to demonstrate the	12
the cell culture	12
wu et al	12
developed sample preparation	12
this study is	12
of the in	12
in our laboratory	12
eluted in l	12
not detected by	12
from clinical specimens	12
cells were infected	12
pcr and real	12
that were negative	12
zhou et al	12
the threshold value	12
time polymerase chain	12
of the infected	12
children with acute	12
porcine transmissible gastroenteritis	12
pcr assay using	12
virus replication in	12
to have a	12
ck s gene	12
which is the	12
need to be	12
pcv capsid protein	12
infected with a	12
no significant difference	12
to study the	12
was defined as	12
experimentally infected with	12
were able to	12
and in vivo	12
results demonstrated that	12
drosten et al	12
in the laboratory	12
in viral transport	12
molecular detection of	12
of viruses from	12
of the individual	12
were cloned into	12
gene of the	12
the severe acute	12
osel sen probe	12
were performed on	12
for up to	12
to obtain a	12
the risk of	12
a review of	12
as a positive	12
and molecular characterization	12
suggested that the	12
the determination of	12
used to generate	12
subjected to a	12
m protein is	12
of the corresponding	12
was stored at	12
pcr and the	12
herrewegh et al	12
peripheral blood mononuclear	12
the range of	12
was extracted and	12
of each sample	12
in parallel with	12
to the sars	12
multiplex pcr assay	12
vitro and in	12
hepatitis b virus	12
be positive by	12
the serum samples	12
oc and e	12
the host cells	12
scov m gene	12
determination of the	12
e and hcov	12
the lamp reaction	12
calculated using the	12
and probes used	12
lee et al	12
was calculated by	12
the fta card	12
expressed as the	12
the coronaviridae family	12
that can be	12
bovine leukemia virus	12
and min at	12
specific siga positive	12
the copy number	12
sequence detection system	12
of dengue virus	12
in the detection	12
gene expression in	12
mouth disease virus	12
we have developed	12
osel res probe	12
in the online	12
limits of the	12
reaction was carried	12
coronavirus infectious bronchitis	12
the binding of	12
accordance with the	12
human influenza a	12
phase of the	12
infected cells were	12
plays an important	12
vitro transcribed rna	12
and reverse primers	12
a large number	12
low levels of	12
should be noted	12
the a l	12
antibodies directed against	12
immunodeficiency virus type	12
the epidemiology of	12
the prevalence of	12
ib h and	12
low viral load	12
may not be	12
large amounts of	12
for the sars	12
molecular epidemiology of	12
by centrifugation at	12
a new coronavirus	12
respiratory viruses by	12
more than one	12
of the new	12
size of the	12
all the samples	12
the design of	12
be able to	12
of which were	12
molecular detection mix	12
an in vitro	12
designed using the	12
been used to	12
test for the	12
samples that tested	12
the virus was	12
multiple sequence alignment	12
amino acid sequence	12
in faecal samples	12
the sense and	12
the clinical signs	12
did not detect	12
a series of	12
mixed with l	12
fcovs type i	12
the online version	12
the wild type	12
dynamic range of	12
huang et al	12
is possible that	12
primer or probe	12
members of the	12
human enteric viruses	12
added to a	12
assay was compared	12
in contrast to	12
respiratory tract infection	12
detection of infectious	12
the university of	12
to identify the	12
included in each	12
to generate a	11
cells were used	11
hepatitis a virus	11
samples were used	11
of rna template	11
was applied to	11
neutralizing antibodies in	11
can also be	11
blood mononuclear cells	11
obtained with the	11
on vero cells	11
cavanagh and naqi	11
quantitation of canine	11
number of the	11
the primers used	11
the authors would	11
used as an	11
to the same	11
majority of the	11
are associated with	11
in south korea	11
to be highly	11
in case of	11
known to be	11
has been used	11
per reaction for	11
antibodies against pedv	11
dna was extracted	11
morbidity and mortality	11
for btov and	11
assay was also	11
at days post	11
this assay was	11
against the s	11
the total antibody	11
vaccine strains of	11
samples tested positive	11
were considered positive	11
during the first	11
and that the	11
gel extraction kit	11
be associated with	11
of viral sequences	11
the genbank database	11
to ensure that	11
change in the	11
part of the	11
taqman real time	11
and application of	11
as a negative	11
well as for	11
reaction mixture was	11
terminus of the	11
ct value of	11
lamp and pcr	11
in vero cells	11
positive for h	11
evaluated by testing	11
coronavirus infections in	11
the optical density	11
on the in	11
to copies of	11
for the assay	11
were as follows	11
rota et al	11
the same samples	11
samples were stored	11
of variola virus	11
viral load and	11
explained by the	11
the application of	11
the cap protein	11
n protein was	11
than conventional rt	11
virulent strains of	11
reactions were performed	11
of f and	11
for the rt	11
effect on the	11
notomi et al	11
was the most	11
the efficacy of	11
of the amplified	11
can be applied	11
have to be	11
viruses a and	11
of the amplicons	11
highly sensitive and	11
in cultured cells	11
the membrane protein	11
the study was	11
amount of viral	11
ms ms analysis	11
all reactions were	11
been used for	11
ministry of agriculture	11
in the negative	11
article can be	11
antibodies against sars	11
lower than that	11
rpm for min	11
in the sample	11
previous studies have	11
avian influenza a	11
were consistent with	11
h n pdm	11
diarrhea virus in	11
and the other	11
by virus isolation	11
porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis	11
presence of a	11
high degree of	11
taq dna polymerase	11
the mesenteric lymph	11
performed as described	11
and h y	11
l well of	11
of the four	11
sequence in the	11
in the future	11
of human respiratory	11
the assessment of	11
resulted in the	11
may be due	11
samples obtained from	11
was eluted in	11
the mlpa and	11
virus and porcine	11
of conventional rt	11
revealed that the	11
nested polymerase chain	11
been reported in	11
specific antibodies in	11
designed based on	11
by gel electrophoresis	11
be used in	11
of the influenza	11
the severity of	11
coronavirus in patients	11
ferret lymph node	11
and of the	11
were not detected	11
and detection of	11
of equine arteritis	11
and stained with	11
the standard rna	11
assay is a	11
from stainless steel	11
for h and	11
been reported to	11
respiratory viral infections	11
tested in triplicate	11
the genotype isolates	11
cell culture and	11
of west nile	11
resuspended in l	11
identified in the	11
from the national	11
collected from the	11
were tested using	11
of the coronavirus	11
in the genbank	11
central nervous system	11
reactivity of the	11
assay developed in	11
the formation of	11
of acute respiratory	11
to achieve the	11
to be specific	11
in vitro rna	11
samples from healthy	11
subjected to lc	11
that were positive	11
assay variability was	11
type and mutant	11
cells were incubated	11
is consistent with	11
rna was isolated	11
these results indicate	11
reverse transcriptase polymerase	11
the results obtained	11
resuspended in ml	11
and vero e	11
ng of total	11
of the full	11
immunosorbent assay for	11
the new assay	11
establishment of a	11
is an important	11
ns serotype specific	11
and sensitivity of	11
fetal calf serum	11
in the control	11
was found in	11
bovine serum albumin	11
the h gene	11
of a multiplex	11
to detect sars	11
pcr assays were	11
this article can	11
sets of primers	11
serotype specific rt	11
in the assay	11
and by the	11
from l of	11
it was demonstrated	11
been detected in	11
virus isolation and	11
portion of the	11
with the corresponding	11
egyptian variant ii	11
and found that	11
the existence of	11
buonavoglia et al	11
rna was eluted	11
of a nested	10
of infected cells	10
cells were harvested	10
with a single	10
and cell cultures	10
in comparison with	10
by grants from	10
subtyping of influenza	10
as a possible	10
number of mismatches	10
and reproducibility of	10
components of the	10
amplified products were	10
quality of the	10
is similar to	10
ability of the	10
faecal samples from	10
feline coronavirus type	10
the occurrence of	10
intensive care unit	10
pigs inoculated with	10
spike and membrane	10
and clinical samples	10
the causative agent	10
viruses that are	10
located in the	10
influenza a strains	10
of extracted rna	10
conserved regions of	10
ct values for	10
of viral load	10
the time of	10
assay was used	10
were also tested	10
viruses were detected	10
of neutralizing antibodies	10
assay could be	10
in the second	10
may be used	10
cells were seeded	10
rad laboratories srl	10
nested pcr were	10
ward et al	10
eggs inoculated with	10
room temperature for	10
the supernatants were	10
were found in	10
supported by grants	10
and n genes	10
nucleic acid sequence	10
depends on the	10
cap protein was	10
detect and differentiate	10
the amplification reaction	10
standard curve was	10
viral rna and	10
the rapid and	10
with ethidium bromide	10
for the in	10
which is a	10
in the real	10
order to detect	10
cause of severe	10
of the first	10
of the total	10
sybr green chemistry	10
clinical signs and	10
the clart pneumovir	10
the viral copy	10
was determined as	10
was also used	10
and specific detection	10
the results indicated	10
were designed based	10
of these mabs	10
respiratory tract disease	10
tested positive by	10
the culture method	10
detected by rt	10
assay was assessed	10
differences in the	10
to determine if	10
negative and positive	10
amplification was carried	10
recombinase polymerase amplification	10
was higher than	10
the reverse primer	10
by the addition	10
is more sensitive	10
herpes simplex virus	10
appear to be	10
of bovine respiratory	10
the quality of	10
for each of	10
compared to that	10
is a member	10
and development of	10
detection of norovirus	10
pair of primers	10
of tsv and	10
described in the	10
plates were incubated	10
children hospitalized with	10
two of the	10
children and adults	10
the extracted rna	10
present study was	10
application of a	10
rv detection kit	10
copies ml for	10
a dilution of	10
of a virus	10
associated with severe	10
cov s protein	10
were separated by	10
was added and	10
the quantitation of	10
for respiratory viruses	10
was compared with	10
the rate of	10
of pcv infection	10
infected and mock	10
were placed in	10
need for a	10
according to their	10
clinical samples from	10
to increase the	10
in vitro model	10
of virus in	10
of sars in	10
chain reaction for	10
the control group	10
results can be	10
with feline infectious	10
the na gene	10
number of viral	10
is associated with	10
that there is	10
the establishment of	10
cycles of denaturation	10
authors would like	10
strain of ibv	10
determined by the	10
of the p	10
institute of public	10
pcr assay to	10
to measure the	10
derived from a	10
were taken from	10
the developed rt	10
on the sequence	10
proved to be	10
of the pandemic	10
disease severity in	10
t easy vector	10
have developed a	10
the dpo assay	10
gene encoding for	10
in young children	10
had to be	10
were prepared in	10
concentration of the	10
used as template	10
to the s	10
in hospitalized children	10
and extension at	10
coefficients of variation	10
standard for the	10
the result of	10
capsid protein of	10
with that of	10
associated with a	10
johnson et al	10
of avian influenza	10
the two assays	10
to obtain the	10
reaction mixture contained	10
in north america	10
the acute phase	10
the sample was	10
samples that had	10
of the developed	10
detection and the	10
with the in	10
a duplex real	10
using a commercial	10
difference between the	10
of the following	10
method for rapid	10
pcr assay were	10
the recovery of	10
to be used	10
this method is	10
with g of	10
the gene encoding	10
of rsv rna	10
the difference in	10
the method is	10
in response to	10
acute lower respiratory	10
out of the	10
of viral respiratory	10
circulating in the	10
in the gut	10
was approved by	10
and the corresponding	10
resistant influenza a	10
ssc and lsc	10
virus from the	10
determine the sensitivity	10
of the c	10
of tgev in	10
the results are	10
virus infections in	10
applicability of the	10
a multiplex real	10
in agreement with	10
probes used in	10
inserted into the	10
a pair of	10
the developed assay	10
of the clinical	10
have been established	10
extracted from l	10
the method was	10
studies have shown	10
and ib d	10
well as a	10
off value of	10
protein is a	10
and a final	10
and the rt	10
is characterized by	10
followed by the	10
of human coronaviruses	10
izzo et al	10
increase in the	10
caused by a	10
the spread of	10
the triplex assay	10
intestinal epithelial cells	10
been described previously	10
naturally infected dogs	10
for min to	10
the host cell	10
van der hoek	10
was incubated at	10
kidney cell line	10
was observed for	10
for both the	10
was performed at	10
it is a	10
at the time	10
of the present	10
of the positive	10
nawagitgul et al	10
in influenza a	10
coronavirus type i	10
for rapid and	10
a and ribv	10
and negative controls	10
confirmed by the	10
of cats with	10
detection of pedv	10
applied to the	9
of lassa virus	9
the quantity of	9
of each serotype	9
were performed according	9
were obtained with	9
of the identified	9
in the number	9
nucleotides in length	9
elisa based on	9
large scale rna	9
in respiratory samples	9
a laboratory manual	9
to serve as	9
compared with conventional	9
and public health	9
in cell cultures	9
the onset of	9
increasing number of	9
the pedv m	9
were centrifuged at	9
in relation to	9
on the results	9
did not cross	9
a sensitive and	9
was performed as	9
that could be	9
the highest dilution	9
in the cell	9
pcr assay described	9
of the expected	9
different concentrations of	9
plates were washed	9
were amplified by	9
nested pcr assays	9
was measured by	9
by in vitro	9
infectious bursal disease	9
were observed in	9
who taqman assay	9
as described in	9
the differences in	9
for tmev and	9
because of its	9
transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus	9
as the target	9
the indirect elisa	9
that the expression	9
using the nuclisens	9
were provided by	9
designed to detect	9
chain reaction and	9
l of cdna	9
ranged from to	9
in hong kong	9
a group of	9
rna and dna	9
heaton et al	9
were cultured in	9
were selected for	9
describes the development	9
per primer or	9
of the sensitivity	9
in the family	9
amplification method for	9
accuracy of the	9
time consuming and	9
for the production	9
of antibodies to	9
loop mediated isothermal	9
nucleotide sequences of	9
h and n	9
the duplex rrt	9
cells were grown	9
load in the	9
length ibv cdna	9
fold serially diluted	9
a maximum of	9
second round of	9
study was approved	9
the tqm probe	9
american type culture	9
fecal samples from	9
of scov m	9
in some cases	9
been shown that	9
the pathogenesis of	9
in a co	9
of hnov gii	9
culture supernatants were	9
amplification products were	9
of the elisa	9
novel h n	9
compared to a	9
other respiratory viruses	9
type a influenza	9
and env genes	9
upper respiratory tract	9
the reaction conditions	9
pcr assay is	9
as it is	9
simultaneous detection and	9
days after the	9
detected down to	9
this assay is	9
patients with a	9
reference strains of	9
variant strain of	9
the discovery of	9
was serially diluted	9
infected vero cell	9
was observed with	9
the commercially available	9
of the human	9
time pcr using	9
and cells were	9
the results suggest	9
and membrane proteins	9
gunson et al	9
the amplified product	9
during the course	9
and days post	9
it is also	9
by rna interference	9
we developed a	9
has been found	9
influenza h n	9
vp and vp	9
was achieved by	9
the apical surface	9
developed in the	9
high prevalence of	9
defined in the	9
of gene expression	9
up to h	9
gold standard for	9
l of mm	9
but it is	9
copy numbers of	9
the two groups	9
relationship between the	9
step of the	9
an abi prism	9
of the manuscript	9
the centers for	9
the negative group	9
series of a	9
influenza virus infection	9
sense rna genome	9
for the analysis	9
immunochromatographic test strip	9
denaturation step at	9
m gene of	9
in a variety	9
samples of the	9
was incubated for	9
a viruses and	9
was incubated with	9
free water and	9
of these two	9
type culture collection	9
detection of nv	9
this study and	9
the test was	9
in the n	9
used to design	9
site of the	9
in western immunoblot	9
of the results	9
and rapid detection	9
the duration of	9
molecular detection methods	9
of sensitivity and	9
the same sample	9
in out of	9
was reverse transcribed	9
the alignment search	9
with a mean	9
and the plates	9
of the na	9
stewart et al	9
coronavirus nucleocapsid protein	9
times lower than	9
it was found	9
to the other	9
negative by both	9
were determined using	9
shin et al	9
as a control	9
pcr assay targeting	9
characterization of porcine	9
acid sequences of	9
isolation and identification	9
the pcr product	9
to the cell	9
of a coronavirus	9
assay and inter	9
in the course	9
to estimate the	9
cells infected with	9
and quantitative detection	9
were positive according	9
resistance to oseltamivir	9
by a grant	9
information on the	9
to quantify the	9
pigs from group	9
were collected at	9
suggesting that the	9
lu et al	9
chain reaction assays	9
ge pfu ratio	9
total rna from	9
we used the	9
the potential of	9
min and min	9
a useful tool	9
onto fta cards	9
were identified by	9
from the same	9
used to assess	9
fluorescence intensity of	9
of the serum	9
lamp products were	9
assay for detecting	9
for the clinical	9
viral culture and	9
available in the	9
the standard curves	9
under isothermal conditions	9
assay has been	9
serial dilution of	9
the first time	9
in a ml	9
vries et al	9
in the current	9
analysis showed that	9
in fecal specimens	9
days of incubation	9
of the protein	9
at and h	9
equal volume of	9
of nucleic acids	9
the positive samples	9
reverse transcription was	9
serve as a	9
suspected to have	9
with respiratory tract	9
were also included	9
subgroups a and	9
science and technology	9
with high sensitivity	9
enteric viruses from	9
total antibody test	9
results in the	9
quantitation of the	9
le et al	9
h post infection	9
viral nucleic acid	9
and phylogenetic analysis	9
causative agent of	9
and the probe	9
agreement with the	9
for use as	9
lymphocyte proliferative responses	9
useful tool for	9
on fta cards	9
body cavity effusions	9
detected with the	9
a high specificity	9
of bluetongue virus	9
then added to	9
it is more	9
primers used in	9
detection of fcov	9
sd bioline norovirus	9
in mammalian cells	9
one hundred and	9
the ct values	9
to the number	9
for each virus	9
plasmid dna was	9
techniques for the	9
the forward primer	9
the virulent pedv	9
well and the	9
and analyzed by	9
by the multiplex	9
direct detection of	9
stainless steel surfaces	9
with the h	9
after h of	9
sensitive than conventional	9
of the family	9
samples were analyzed	9
used to monitor	9
in the gene	9
positive according to	9
scale rna production	9
h and ib	9
human coronavirus e	9
infected vero e	9
protein and the	9
of the world	9
the accuracy of	9
of oseltamivir resistance	9
the reverse transcriptase	9
infected with wild	9
concentrations ranging from	9
the ecogpt gene	9
could be a	9
of porcine reproductive	9
c virus rna	9
gelb and jackwood	9
nf en a	9
analysis of porcine	9
with a final	9
rna extraction kit	9
this study could	9
cdc real time	9
tof ms and	9
of btov and	9
pcr was determined	9
rna extraction and	9
the infectivity of	9
mouse hepatitis virus	9
the molecular assays	9
the virus is	9
viruses associated with	9
peiris et al	9
table comparison of	9
it is difficult	9
proven to be	9
taku et al	9
nested pcr system	9
of rnase inhibitor	9
protein gene of	9
the need to	9
clinical samples by	9
and probes for	9
fouchier et al	9
the structural proteins	9
of up to	9
for rsv a	9
was purchased from	9
in the mesenteric	9
by the polymerase	9
primers defined in	9
in this assay	9
are reported in	9
by viral isolation	9
which can be	9
were designed and	9
the genomic rna	9
by real time	9
was provided by	9
of the ic	9
quantitative reverse transcription	9
carried out by	9
the amplified products	9
used in a	9
protein of porcine	9
directed against the	9
temperature for min	9
were examined for	9
may result in	9
the reaction mix	9
that have been	9
normal human serum	9
the ns gene	9
lamp assay is	9
glass et al	9
with virulent pedv	8
sun et al	8
obtained using the	8
m protein of	8
one step rt	8
was observed when	8
related to this	8
is useful for	8
value for the	8
production of the	8
fecal samples that	8
samples with a	8
each dilution was	8
properties of the	8
of respiratory viral	8
were grown in	8
syncytial virus and	8
high sensitivity of	8
combined with the	8
s protein fragments	8
coronavirus spike protein	8
data were analyzed	8
the type of	8
with the rt	8
of nested primers	8
of the cells	8
extracted using the	8
were identified as	8
filtration on the	8
number of cells	8
will be useful	8
treated with the	8
the variant pedv	8
primer probe sets	8
were selected to	8
the lod of	8
to amplify a	8
summarized in table	8
type ii and	8
changes in the	8
the potential to	8
purified using a	8
virulent strain of	8
the human coronavirus	8
c in a	8
analysis of a	8
samples were obtained	8
ftdrp ev pev	8
the age of	8
and western blotting	8
and amino acid	8
rna or dna	8
titer of the	8
julian et al	8
were harvested and	8
of agricultural sciences	8
methods for detection	8
the cdc real	8
probe for the	8
between groups and	8
scov m protein	8
dilutions of a	8
new england biolabs	8
diagnosis of human	8
was purified using	8
of norovirus in	8
of this paper	8
l of rnase	8
n gene was	8
was included in	8
rna copy number	8
virus by real	8
is a rapid	8
in table s	8
assay was highly	8
yellow fever virus	8
carr et al	8
for clinical diagnosis	8
the endpoint detection	8
as an internal	8
and disease severity	8
probe were designed	8
was selected as	8
viruses in clinical	8
the combination of	8
clinical signs of	8
primers and the	8
of wild type	8
set of four	8
positive rate of	8
s protein and	8
times more sensitive	8
required for the	8
the advantages of	8
of standard rna	8
resulting in the	8
of the lamp	8
the amplification efficiency	8
hoek et al	8
reported in table	8
of the porcine	8
isolation and characterization	8
dual priming oligonucleotide	8
by the rt	8
the recombinant plasmid	8
reaction volume containing	8
three multiplex rt	8
be applied to	8
a prospective study	8
a minimum of	8
ic and cc	8
and western blot	8
in the total	8
of the capsid	8
for influenza virus	8
multiplicity of infection	8
to rsv infection	8
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	8
nucleic acid from	8
limits of detection	8
coronavirus as a	8
capable of detecting	8
antigen detection tests	8
number of copies	8
acute phase of	8
is responsible for	8
range of the	8
determined using a	8
detection of tgev	8
were shown to	8
an alternative to	8
a detection limit	8
out of samples	8
celigo image cytometer	8
fcovs type ii	8
selected based on	8
care and use	8
of ube d	8
and vero cells	8
reaction volume of	8
the nucleotide sequences	8
of viral rnas	8
reverse transcription step	8
given in table	8
recovery efficiencies of	8
have been identified	8
the choice of	8
the tubes were	8
was evaluated using	8
of each of	8
is a newly	8
three independent experiments	8
as little as	8
cell line po	8
the most abundant	8
and b primers	8
to be tested	8
used as positive	8
of bovine leukemia	8
washed with pbs	8
in respiratory specimens	8
virus with a	8
be detected in	8
in the orf	8
associated with this	8
for rsv b	8
stranded rna virus	8
sterile distilled water	8
dengue virus serotypes	8
prevention and control	8
of the amplification	8
clinical samples was	8
the yield of	8
were performed with	8
cho et al	8
identity of the	8
for the simultaneous	8
set of primers	8
samples for the	8
cook et al	8
positive samples by	8
of feline coronaviruses	8
the novel h	8
and genotyping of	8
in the human	8
feline enteric coronaviruses	8
obtained by the	8
after the incubation	8
that the viral	8
because it is	8
disease virus by	8
was performed for	8
were derived from	8
influenza c virus	8
of s at	8
flow cytometry and	8
the probe was	8
mononuclear cells from	8
alignment of the	8
a l and	8
products were electrophoresed	8
and comparison of	8
their ability to	8
the introduction of	8
by the soiv	8
the internal control	8
system for the	8
in recent years	8
and newcastle disease	8
rapid and reliable	8
a monoclonal antibody	8
of denv infection	8
viruses in a	8
was demonstrated that	8
supported by a	8
of porcine transmissible	8
the family coronaviridae	8
viral transport medium	8
green i real	8
a specificity of	8
followed by amplification	8
isothermal amplification of	8
were performed by	8
used to amplify	8
amplification for rapid	8
the applicability of	8
north american swine	8
kuypers et al	8
novel coronavirus in	8
after incubation at	8
of primers were	8
ccv and ccv	8
when compared with	8
it was also	8
responsible for the	8
collected from patients	8
antibodies in the	8
in the virus	8
are grateful to	8
is likely to	8
the following formula	8
were calculated using	8
is due to	8
method was developed	8
was digested with	8
dawood et al	8
used as negative	8
house developed sample	8
national center for	8
only a few	8
by the national	8