bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
respiratory illness	112
acute respiratory	103
united states	74
infectious diseases	67
respiratory tract	64
respiratory syndrome	60
severe acute	55
open forum	53
novel coronavirus	50
respiratory syncytial	49
hospitalized patients	49
coronavirus disease	48
syncytial virus	48
public health	44
clinical trials	44
severe covid	41
forum infect	40
dis doi	40
cord uid	40
doc id	40
infect dis	40
within days	39
pregnant women	39
supplementary table	39
clinical characteristics	37
logistic regression	36
risk factors	36
potential conflicts	36
respiratory viruses	36
african american	35
lower respiratory	34
chain reaction	34
syndrome coronavirus	34
polymerase chain	34
severe disease	33
health care	32
specimen collection	30
febrile hrv	29
hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis	27
respiratory pathogen	27
statin treatment	27
american patients	26
symptom onset	26
time pcr	26
influenza vaccine	26
dna levels	26
respiratory viral	26
south africa	25
among patients	25
intensive care	25
virus infection	25
ofaa sha	25
hrv respiratory	25
ofid ofaa	25
statistically significant	24
infection prevention	24
tested positive	23
icu admission	23
clinical trial	23
tract infections	23
controlled trial	23
health workers	22
children years	22
repeat testing	22
middle east	22
emergency department	22
east respiratory	22
viral infections	21
antibody responses	21
supportive care	21
pcr testing	21
pandemic influenza	21
patients hospitalized	21
increased risk	21
randomized controlled	21
upper respiratory	21
rsv illness	21
hospital admission	20
antimicrobial stewardship	20
heart failure	20
white patients	20
personal protective	20
protective equipment	20
clinical data	20
respiratory infection	20
respiratory pathogens	20
infectious disease	19
lung transplantation	19
adverse events	19
review board	19
medically attended	19
institutional review	19
disease severity	19
respiratory virus	19
icmje form	19
pulmonary disease	19
healthcare workers	19
acquired pneumonia	18
medical center	18
first days	18
parainfluenza virus	18
years old	18
antibiotic use	18
vitro activity	18
obstructive pulmonary	17
world health	17
statistical significance	17
systematic review	17
confidence interval	17
chronic obstructive	17
exclusion criteria	17
influenza virus	17
nucleic acid	17
patients infected	17
patients receiving	17
among adults	17
new york	17
health organization	17
lung disease	17
observational study	17
supplemental table	17
disease control	17
barr virus	17
influenza season	17
respiratory disease	17
among children	17
high risk	17
study period	17
cohort study	16
cell culture	16
acute kidney	16
viral shedding	16
kidney injury	16
received remdesivir	16
editors consider	16
human coronavirus	16
pui testing	16
consider relevant	16
dose group	16
virus infections	15
transcription polymerase	15
antigen receptor	15
elderly subjects	15
clinical presentation	15
performed using	15
hubei province	15
mg dl	15
care unit	15
chimeric antigen	15
interquartile range	15
age groups	15
birth outcomes	15
within hours	15
mechanical ventilation	15
cell therapy	15
piv type	15
infection density	15
viral load	15
febrile respiratory	15
test results	15
medical students	14
piv types	14
infection among	14
confirmed cases	14
viral rna	14
asymptomatic screening	14
clinical improvement	14
adverse birth	14
months post	14
birth weight	14
case series	14
repeat pui	14
significantly higher	14
infection control	14
median time	14
previous studies	14
significant differences	14
tract infection	14
respiratory infections	14
young adults	13
human metapneumovirus	13
ed visit	13
study population	13
informed consent	13
forum infectious	13
adult patients	13
medical records	13
older adults	13
ccl mcp	13
confirmed covid	13
incubation period	13
sore throat	13
lopinavir ritonavir	13
market forces	13
days post	13
reactive protein	13
influenza pandemic	13
mp treatment	13
community cohort	13
per year	12
critically ill	12
nonsevere group	12
ill patients	12
dose groups	12
data provided	12
drug administration	12
viral clearance	12
hev infection	12
usual care	12
congestive heart	12
respiratory symptoms	12
gestational age	12
medical record	12
compassionate use	12
observational studies	12
respiratory distress	12
cases per	12
id fellows	12
treated patients	12
severe group	12
home specimen	12
exposed hcws	12
coronavirus infection	12
influenza vaccines	12
sole responsibility	12
attended rsv	11
healthcare system	11
sample size	11
human rhinovirus	11
supplementary materials	11
diseases online	11
financial support	11
antiviral activity	11
throat swab	11
hospital admissions	11
viral respiratory	11
present study	11
discharged alive	11
twice daily	11
regression models	11
health system	11
positive patients	11
rsv infection	11
index case	11
testing positive	11
common cause	11
requiring hospitalization	11
corresponding author	11
rickettsia conorii	11
home isolation	11
reverse transcription	11
care workers	11
less likely	11
control group	11
chronic lung	11
respiratory specimens	11
chart review	11
posted materials	11
regression model	11
lbw infants	11
cytokine release	10
clinical features	10
severe respiratory	10
clinical outcomes	10
treatment groups	10
see supplementary	10
turnaround time	10
continuous variables	10
spotted fever	10
baseline characteristics	10
american college	10
diagnostic stewardship	10
multiplex testing	10
saudi arabia	10
acute rejection	10
whole blood	10
illness episode	10
contact tracing	10
close contact	10
human immunodeficiency	10
reported conflicts	10
randomized clinical	10
social distancing	10
median age	10
national institute	10
risk factor	10
pathogen panel	10
factors associated	10
cd car	10
influenza viruses	10
metagenomic sequencing	10
population density	10
release syndrome	10
invasive mv	10
study design	10
pregnant persons	10
infants born	10
immunodeficiency virus	10
patients received	10
persistent symptoms	9
ebola virus	9
universal masking	9
renal disease	9
sibu hospital	9
day mortality	9
distress syndrome	9
predictive value	9
antibiotic prescription	9
dromedary camels	9
three patients	9
infected patients	9
hospital system	9
cardiopulmonary disease	9
statin use	9
time period	9
case report	9
treatment options	9
adults hospitalized	9
ad vaccine	9
primary endpoint	9
hospital length	9
primary care	9
illness onset	9
like illness	9
unfavorable evolution	9
transplant recipients	9
ct values	9
online survey	9
coronavirus infections	9
infectious complications	9
viral transport	9
data collection	9
teno virus	9
study participants	9
respiratory panel	9
torque teno	9
cardiovascular disease	9
significant difference	9
infectious events	9
reported comorbidities	9
among hospitalized	9
severe pneumonia	9
gastrointestinal symptoms	9
seasonal incidence	9
laboratory testing	9
emerging infectious	8
data analysis	8
aseptic meningitis	8
supply chain	8
cytokine storm	8
health emergency	8
subjects achieving	8
rp testing	8
time reverse	8
febrile illness	8
lung transplant	8
differential diagnosis	8
kapit hospitals	8
nasopharyngeal swab	8
viral pathogens	8
regression analysis	8
piv infection	8
hku infection	8
day post	8
corticosteroid therapy	8
hi titer	8
viral coinfection	8
influenza immunization	8
socioeconomic status	8
vital signs	8
study enrollment	8
favorable evolution	8
virus detected	8
remdesivir trial	8
cox proportional	8
inclusion criteria	8
case subject	8
associated sari	8
kidney disease	8
may also	8
home testing	8
latinx patients	8
hi titers	8
immune system	8
supplemental oxygen	8
samples collected	8
safety data	8
hospitalization among	8
data exist	8
fungal infections	8
treatment group	8
elderly population	8
categorical variables	8
generation sequencing	8
serious outcomes	8
cerebrospinal fluid	8
lymphoblastic leukemia	8
care testing	8
proportional hazards	8
corticosteroid treatment	8
nasopharyngeal swabs	8
confirmed rsv	8
confirmed influenza	8
older age	8
computed tomography	8
post hoc	8
univariate analysis	8
electronic medical	8
bone marrow	7
pediatric patients	7
human coronaviruses	7
bacterial infection	7
secondary outcomes	7
influenza vaccination	7
antibody response	7
written consent	7
observed incidence	7
study arms	7
died within	7
age group	7
influenza test	7
remdesivir use	7
safety profile	7
odds ratio	7
antimicrobial use	7
antibiotic stewardship	7
breastfeeding persons	7
modeling paradigm	7
mediterranean spotted	7
pcr assay	7
human parainfluenza	7
acute lymphoblastic	7
randomized trial	7
free days	7
outpatient setting	7
oxygen requirements	7
nasal swabs	7
received supportive	7
confirmed sars	7
previously described	7
ng ml	7
propensity score	7
reach statistical	7
acute rejections	7
patient care	7
time rt	7
previously published	7
seir models	7
antiviral therapy	7
antibiotic prescribing	7
test result	7
inpatient setting	7
systemic reactions	7
rapid multiplex	7
adult population	7
vaccine effectiveness	7
multiplex real	7
viral etiology	7
previously reported	7
sample collection	7
included patients	7
confidence intervals	7
large number	7
critical care	7
sari cases	7
tract illness	7
swab samples	7
among pregnant	7
seir model	7
rsv cases	7
convalescent plasma	7
patient consent	7
exact test	7
higher expression	7
one patient	7
health systems	7
viral genome	7
clinical signs	7
mental health	7
chronic diseases	7
low birth	7
replacement therapy	7
invasive mechanical	7
ltec values	7
control arm	7
medical conditions	7
body mass	7
coronavirus hku	7
illness among	7
id practitioners	7
pcr test	7
national health	7
bacterial infections	7
dose formulation	7
university hospital	7
global health	7
testing results	7
statistical analysis	7
mass index	7
national institutes	7
mg kg	7
immunosuppressive treatment	7
ec values	7
solid organ	7
kapit hospital	7
antibody titers	7
mouth twice	7
also found	7
seek testing	7
least one	6
id specialists	6
ml min	6
immunosuppressive therapy	6
outcomes among	6
systemic corticosteroids	6
hi antibody	6
hematopoietic stem	6
serious outcome	6
positive predictive	6
electronic health	6
net state	6
protective effect	6
missing data	6
internal medicine	6
hazard ratio	6
best practices	6
filmarray respiratory	6
transport media	6
avian influenza	6
rapid rp	6
illness due	6
mortality rate	6
social media	6
clinical decision	6
chest ct	6
respiratory failure	6
determine whether	6
inflammatory markers	6
diseases society	6
viral pathogen	6
significantly associated	6
hazards models	6
existing comorbidities	6
licensure criteria	6
associated hlh	6
higher among	6
sensitivity analysis	6
antimicrobial prophylaxis	6
clinical symptoms	6
use authorization	6
cell transplantation	6
military trainees	6
severe cases	6
home saliva	6
chronic kidney	6
term care	6
potential role	6
first test	6
hrv infection	6
male gender	6
throat swabs	6
general population	6
first hours	6
without febrile	6
supplementary data	6
np swab	6
stem cell	6
high prevalence	6
care facilities	6
neonatal outcomes	6
time points	6
adult subjects	6
infected pneumonia	6
mean ttv	6
positive results	6
medical centers	6
positive adults	6
spectrum antiviral	6
soft tissue	6
acute lower	6
preliminary report	6
descriptive statistics	6
hospitalized children	6
medical school	6
untreated case	6
severe complications	6
infected individuals	6
psychological status	6
pneumonia requiring	6
combination therapy	6
air force	6
hospital discharge	6
limited data	6
applied biosystems	6
received antibiotics	6
lymphocyte count	6
medical care	6
clinical course	6
multivariate logistic	6
patients required	6
metabolic disease	6
asian american	6
death within	6
age years	6
personal variables	6
hong kong	6
severe lower	6
infections among	6
clinical care	6
square test	6
calculated using	6
clinical outcome	6
diagnosis codes	6
much higher	6
positive samples	6
two weeks	6
several limitations	6
per dose	6
patients may	6
first report	6
health commission	6
subject died	6
among infants	6
february th	6
positive test	6
avoidance behaviors	6
cell count	6
parainfluenza viruses	6
primary outcome	6
viral loads	6
controlled trials	6
multivariable logistic	6
commercially available	6
household size	6
human adenovirus	6
dna load	6
chronic hepatitis	6
emergency response	6
potential benefit	6
psychological distress	6
antibiotic resistance	6
emergency use	6
patient safety	6
york city	6
tract disease	6
immune response	6
common cold	6
local camels	6
chronic metabolic	6
initial test	6
young children	6
hand hygiene	6
specific antibody	5
described previously	5
cell acute	5
biofire filmarray	5
patients requiring	5
clinical findings	5
vaccine formulation	5
viral pneumonia	5
composite primary	5
matched sample	5
respiratory illnesses	5
hospital course	5
hrv febrile	5
outcomes included	5
foster city	5
patients due	5
clinical utility	5
microbiology laboratory	5
million cases	5
patient population	5
significant risk	5
control measures	5
phase ii	5
id experts	5
time data	5
among women	5
cycle threshold	5
common symptoms	5
coronavirus pneumonia	5
negative controls	5
albumin level	5
associated pneumonia	5
related illness	5
months postintervention	5
solicited local	5
close contacts	5
urinary tract	5
multirespiratory pathogen	5
healthy adult	5
south korea	5
occurred within	5
recovery trial	5
tissue infections	5
different types	5
window period	5
rhinovirus illness	5
selection bias	5
viral panel	5
cmv viremia	5
symptomatic patients	5
coronavirus testing	5
death among	5
newly diagnosed	5
antimicrobial prescribing	5
cox regression	5
sars coronavirus	5
suspected covid	5
one hundred	5
stewardship programs	5
nasopharyngeal samples	5
care providers	5
per days	5
surveillance data	5
vaccination status	5
operating margins	5
standard deviation	5
four days	5
nat positive	5
repeat test	5
severe crs	5
influenza hospitalization	5
protective behaviors	5
negative test	5
academic medical	5
microsoft excel	5
exam findings	5
care system	5
delayed return	5
duke university	5
literature review	5
pathogen data	5
poor outcomes	5
nervous system	5
interval ci	5
first month	5
cause death	5
hrv illness	5
household income	5
data included	5
skin manifestations	5
guangzhou eighth	5
retrospective observational	5
wilcoxon test	5
nonsevere disease	5
mass general	5
creatinine clearance	5
pneumonia etiology	5
group compared	5
transplant recipient	5
viral replication	5
primary composite	5
results may	5
molecular evidence	5
stewardship program	5
virus disease	5
patients discharged	5
among individuals	5
mild disease	5
clinical benefit	5
us food	5
military recruit	5
infection rates	5
median duration	5
th week	5
hku infections	5
positive conversion	5
advanced age	5
severe influenza	5
invasive fungal	5
well described	5
organ transplant	5
sought care	5
clinical practice	5
maternal influenza	5
catchment area	5
antibiotic prescriptions	5
molecular tests	5
study may	5
type infection	5
kidney replacement	5
single center	5
healthcare settings	5
pcr confirmed	5
organ failure	5
available data	5
care arm	5
will require	5
retrospective cohort	5
therapeutic interventions	5
ccl mip	5
positive influenza	5
illness episodes	5
digital pcr	5
ofid ofx	5
infections per	5
virus subtype	5
breastfeeding women	5
increased infection	5
comorbid conditions	5
per population	5
antibody titer	5
relative risk	5
first months	5
reference standard	5
pcr assays	5
urgently needed	5
new antibiotic	5
medical history	5
positive tests	5
cohort studies	5
significantly longer	5
dry cough	5
chmp criteria	5
inhaled corticosteroids	5
ofx sha	5
last menstrual	5
heart disease	5
even though	5
antibiotic treatment	5
chest computed	5
clinical diagnosis	5
nxtag respiratory	5
patients enrolled	5
achieving seroconversion	5
hospital death	5
case reports	5
molecular assays	5
positive cases	5
positive specimens	5
authors report	5
serological testing	5
routine clinical	5
among us	5
prolonged symptom	5
general brigham	5
least days	4
mg daily	4
total nucleic	4
diagnostic tests	4
analyzed using	4
european organization	4
mortality worldwide	4
pui test	4
septic shock	4
pathogen testing	4
care units	4
higher risk	4
underlying illness	4
prospective cohort	4
vertical transmission	4
leading cause	4
cells mm	4
receiving lpv	4
hoc analysis	4
interventional clinical	4
developed covid	4
appropriate antibiotic	4
military recruits	4
reported pre	4
mortality rates	4
low prevalence	4
clinical presentations	4
onset date	4
ofid ofz	4
small sample	4
broad spectrum	4
data suggest	4
higher rates	4
fold increased	4
trend toward	4
large study	4
children aged	4
molecular epidemiology	4
bronchoalveolar lavage	4
drug shortages	4
hiv serostatus	4
human enterovirus	4
matched samples	4
recently published	4
top talent	4
may help	4
face shield	4
sum test	4
systemic inflammation	4
hospital stay	4
supply chains	4
acute care	4
assessed using	4
weeks apart	4
virus type	4
induction therapy	4
peripheral blood	4
outpatient clinics	4
gene expression	4
genome sequencing	4
room air	4
study protocol	4
study procedures	4
tested negative	4
screening tests	4
numerical variables	4
repeat asymptomatic	4
record abstraction	4
based testing	4
healthcare systems	4
testing compared	4
based specimen	4
excluded pregnant	4
potential treatment	4
prognostic factors	4
symptom duration	4
required hospitalization	4
hospitalized latinx	4
infectious threats	4
smoking status	4
prior hct	4
rate ratios	4
sas institute	4
study patients	4
us military	4
false positive	4
clinical evolution	4
loading dose	4
health worker	4
days prior	4
time frame	4
point estimate	4
requiring supplemental	4
pcr system	4
recent years	4
contact time	4
urgent care	4
military training	4
inflammatory parameters	4
contact history	4
human influenza	4
reproductive age	4
effect size	4
adjusted odds	4
students participated	4
therapeutic efficacy	4
different countries	4
two studies	4
inpatient testing	4
retrospective analysis	4
mp group	4
ofz sha	4
trainees presenting	4
initial negative	4
sputum production	4
central nervous	4
enrollment visit	4
clinical samples	4
chest imaging	4
careful consideration	4
antimicrobial agents	4
metagenomic next	4
first two	4
np sars	4
decreased albumin	4
repeat screening	4
igg levels	4
neutralizing antibody	4
written informed	4
ebola outbreak	4
exposed hcw	4
ifa titer	4
antiviral treatment	4
diseases pharmacists	4
therapeutic strategies	4
enrolled subjects	4
immunogenicity outcomes	4
mg iv	4
digital droplet	4
median household	4
confirmed infection	4
public response	4
pneumonia among	4
postpartum period	4
decision making	4
global burden	4
fold increase	4
analysis indicated	4
first study	4
healthcare institutions	4
lymphodepleting chemotherapy	4
id training	4
care group	4
cov infection	4
influenza seasons	4
first week	4
treatment guide	4
local group	4
nontreatment group	4
excluded due	4
binary logistic	4
emerging infections	4
oxygen needs	4
zip codes	4
positive conversions	4
day follow	4
ed patients	4
adjusted model	4
symptomatic persons	4
reference cases	4
ethnic groups	4
laboratory values	4
imported camels	4
study suggest	4
standard care	4
serious clinical	4
distribute respiratory	4
testing methods	4
clinical information	4
individual patients	4
enhanced surveillance	4
low risk	4
unfavorable outcome	4
blood cell	4
isolation precautions	4
respiratory support	4
reported cases	4
uninfected children	4
hospital mortality	4
rapid point	4
infections may	4
diagnostic test	4
molecular detection	4
adjusted hr	4
tacrolimus toxicity	4
patients without	4
readily available	4
collection options	4
infant mortality	4
rhinovirus infections	4
cutaneous manifestations	4
testing modalities	4
stewardship strategies	4
fetal neonatal	4
without hrv	4
infection risk	4
wide spectrum	4
significant reduction	4
hospital personnel	4
suspected cases	4
present case	4
bal samples	4
attended respiratory	4
significant impact	4
febrile rhinovirus	4
viruses detected	4
sample sizes	4
pathogen molecular	4
guide diagnostic	4
asymptomatic patients	4
winter seasons	4
medical education	4
haemophagocytic syndrome	4
care provider	4
acute upper	4
among adult	4
family members	4
solicited reactions	4
test positive	4
overall incidence	4
rhinovirus infection	4
data regarding	4
human subjects	4
virus dna	4
mold infection	4
final model	4
emergency room	4
southeast asia	4
antibody assays	4
demographic information	4
previously healthy	4
tract samples	4
adaptive clinical	4
basic military	4
vitro data	4
weekly surveillance	4
students felt	4
hospitalization surveillance	4
menstrual period	4
aspartate aminotransferase	4
cber criteria	4
epidemiological investigations	4
sofa score	4
covid patients	4
laboratory staff	4
internet connection	4
health laboratory	4
epidemic influenza	4
lessons learned	4
seeking care	4
disease progression	4
rna polymerase	4
peak occurred	4
droplet digital	4
laboratory test	4
independently associated	4
imaging findings	4
viral eradication	4
dichotomous variables	4
african americans	4
higher proportion	4
patient outcomes	4
protease inhibitor	4
immunosuppressed patients	4
day window	4
streptococcus pneumoniae	4
patients presented	4
serum samples	4
rate ratio	4
mycoplasma pneumoniae	4
first trimester	4
severe sars	4
improve patient	4
false negative	4
san antonio	4
require hospitalization	4
serotype shift	4
pathogen detection	4
virus replication	4
patients admitted	4
comprehensive stewardship	4
multiplex respiratory	4
medical staff	4
ed visits	4
anxiety prevalence	4
bactrian camels	4
influenza testing	4
mortality among	4
prevalence setting	4
greater proportion	4
fungal disease	4
unclear whether	4
united kingdom	4
assess whether	4
data sources	4
pilot study	4
ethics committee	4
closely related	4
chronic comorbidities	4
appropriate use	4
health record	4
descriptive study	4
ipc team	4
rural thailand	4
hospitalized adults	4
igg mg	4
dna level	4
health authorities	4
diagnostic criteria	4
last days	4
breastfeeding patients	4
secondary hlh	4
possible covid	4
clinical microbiology	4
organ dysfunction	4
remains unclear	4
june th	4
received either	4
physical exam	4
patients years	4
early reports	4
serum creatinine	4
glomerular filtration	4
emerging viral	4
pneumonia admissions	4
antiviral agents	3
disseminated intravascular	3
end points	3
immunogenicity analyses	3
laboratory network	3
grant number	3
accurately characterize	3
time polymerase	3
testing among	3
radiographic evidence	3
slightly increased	3
positive serology	3
gov nct	3
center cohort	3
systematic analysis	3
web server	3
fungal infection	3
risk assessment	3
clinical manifestations	3
drug trials	3
aged years	3
detectable levels	3
anxiety scale	3
intravascular coagulation	3
studies conducted	3
kdigo criteria	3
marrow transplant	3
receptor binding	3
specific comorbidities	3
early severe	3
testing resources	3
rhinovirus positive	3
patient satisfaction	3
acute illness	3
occupational exposure	3
real time	3
ethnic disparities	3
observational cohort	3
lower likelihood	3
southern nepal	3
pui work	3
ofy sha	3
lymphohistiocytosis hemophagocytic	3
untreated groups	3
future studies	3
lower frequency	3
panel test	3
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hev meningoencephalitis	2
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level modeling	2
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upper airway	2
known infection	2
chinese general	2
higher dose	2
point likert	2
also divided	2
training command	2
will reduce	2
active sars	2
time constraints	2
cough presentations	2
racial minorities	2
preexisting comorbidities	2
age categories	2
ethics review	2
bioinformatics pipeline	2
daily dosing	2
health questionnaire	2
negative result	2
noninvasive ventilation	2
online consent	2
developed herpes	2
hospitalization compared	2
greater number	2
students downloaded	2
adults respiratory	2
common data	2
either duke	2
two patients	2
pcr rpcr	2
highly dependent	2
return visits	2
method described	2
patient gloves	2
recent preventive	2
study personnel	2
infection associated	2
symptoms compatible	2
detailed clinical	2
tocilizumab administration	2
additional cases	2
remdesivir died	2
influenza data	2
cells may	2
subgroup echovirus	2
effective surface	2
infants year	2
enrolling patients	2
institute inc	2
inappropriate use	2
recent studies	2
previously diagnosed	2
quick turnaround	2
including ph	2
system leadership	2
care delivery	2
receptor antagonist	2
among others	2
median hospital	2
min using	2
severe forms	2
practices among	2
specimen collected	2
influenza positive	2
survey evaluating	2
human data	2
demonstrated improved	2
cape town	2
obtained data	2
id work	2
kidney dysfunction	2
observational health	2