bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
influenza virus	267
saudi arabia	247
respiratory syndrome	217
influenza viruses	159
immune response	147
acute respiratory	138
syndrome coronavirus	136
disease virus	133
streptococcus suis	130
virus infection	129
type i	129
infectious bronchitis	124
novel coronavirus	122
severe acute	122
innate immune	116
swine influenza	115
united states	95
pdm virus	92
mouth disease	92
bronchitis virus	92
avian influenza	91
middle east	88
public health	86
spike protein	83
fever virus	81
gene expression	81
swine fever	80
infectious peritonitis	78
east respiratory	78
classical swine	78
feline infectious	77
epithelial cells	76
immune responses	76
viral rna	73
fecal samples	71
host cell	69
infected cells	65
amino acid	65
wild birds	63
feline coronavirus	62
respiratory tract	61
viral replication	58
highly pathogenic	58
immune cells	55
virus replication	55
innate immunity	55
rift valley	54
host cells	54
valley fever	52
immune system	51
toxoplasma gondii	50
fcov zu	50
diarrhea virus	49
suis serotype	48
respiratory disease	47
coronavirus infection	47
porcine epidemic	46
sars coronavirus	45
samples collected	44
day post	44
infected animals	43
viral infection	43
coronavirus disease	43
i ifn	42
rna viruses	42
virus isolates	42
clinical signs	42
epidemic diarrhea	41
antibody titers	41
cell surface	41
risk factors	41
pathogens doi	40
doc id	40
pedv nsp	40
pathogens sha	40
cord uid	40
sialic acid	39
cov infection	39
class i	39
west nile	38
pdz proteins	38
iav infection	37
infectious diseases	37
swine farm	37
signaling pathway	36
converting enzyme	36
present study	35
animals infected	35
coronavirus spike	35
mycobacterium avium	35
shed fcov	34
virus transmission	34
swine samples	34
newcastle disease	34
hemorrhagic fever	34
viral proteins	33
north america	33
closely related	33
fecal virus	33
nasal swabs	33
antibody titer	32
ursolic acid	32
i interferon	32
autogenous vaccines	32
virus infections	32
human papillomavirus	31
genetic diversity	31
another study	31
zoonotic diseases	31
type ii	31
phylogenetic analysis	31
nasal swab	30
genetic characterization	30
pdz domain	30
drinking water	30
infectious salmon	30
receptor binding	30
world health	30
pdz protein	30
viral infections	29
organ systems	29
time rt	29
nile virus	29
health organization	29
iav strains	29
type iii	29
escherichia coli	29
chain reaction	28
phage therapy	28
wild boars	28
neutralizing antibodies	28
cell lines	28
time pcr	28
virus isolation	28
polymerase chain	28
endothelial cells	28
binding domain	28
host innate	27
viral genome	27
pdm none	27
antimicrobial resistance	27
large intestine	27
bovine viral	27
swine farms	27
four fecal	27
authors declare	27
important role	26
pdm viruses	26
membrane fusion	26
systematic review	26
fusion protein	26
recent study	26
infected cats	26
fip group	26
non fip	26
avian infectious	26
previous studies	26
chinese swine	25
cell culture	25
transcription factors	25
protein expression	25
endothelial cell	25
host immune	25
human transmission	25
organ system	25
complete genome	25
protein kinase	25
ifn production	25
cleavage site	25
fip cats	25
significantly higher	25
reverse transcription	25
binding affinity	25
pandemic influenza	24
feral swine	24
may also	24
cells treated	24
severe covid	24
viral diseases	24
transcription factor	24
suis strains	24
fusion activity	24
virus shedding	24
single nucleotide	23
first report	23
least one	23
iav positive	23
target cells	23
virus isolated	23
syndrome virus	23
serum samples	23
binding motif	23
upper respiratory	23
like receptor	23
previously described	23
reverse transcriptase	23
viral load	23
like protease	23
thermo fisher	23
preventive measures	23
monoclonal antibody	22
cell infection	22
shedding fcov	22
nonstructural protein	22
fusion mechanism	22
adaptive immune	22
virus strains	22
histological lesions	22
internal organ	22
virus host	22
amino acids	22
host protein	22
crucial role	22
porcine reproductive	22
dependent manner	22
dna methylation	22
avium subsp	22
virus type	22
swine sera	21
nucleocapsid protein	21
mean fecal	21
challenge stock	21
experimental infection	21
swine populations	21
zoonotic disease	21
buffalopox virus	21
pcr assay	21
respiratory illness	21
supplementary table	21
viral entry	21
human health	21
incubation period	20
human influenza	20
structural proteins	20
rna polymerase	20
cats shedding	20
virus genome	20
infectious disease	20
risk assessment	20
vaccinia virus	20
cell line	20
dendritic cells	20
suis infection	20
ibv strains	20
host range	20
american orthohantaviruses	20
tight junction	20
cell epitopes	20
pathogenic avian	20
life cycle	20
virus antibodies	20
feline coronaviruses	20
immunodeficiency virus	20
nucleotide polymorphisms	19
serotype st	19
experimentally infected	19
signaling pathways	19
antiviral response	19
infected patients	19
monoclonal antibodies	19
human infections	19
retinoic acid	19
creative commons	19
nucleic acid	19
regulatory factor	19
post infection	19
several studies	19
second survey	19
rna synthesis	19
i mhc	19
human infection	19
swine appeared	19
open access	18
fatality rate	18
apparently healthy	18
diarrhoea virus	18
small intestine	18
suis isolates	18
zoonotic pathogens	18
host response	18
ace receptor	18
naturally infected	18
lymph node	18
like symptoms	18
zoonotic potential	18
active infection	18
live attenuated	18
hepatitis virus	18
positive results	18
zoonotic transmission	18
peritonitis virus	18
cell responses	18
genome sequence	18
nuclear translocation	18
large number	18
mortality rate	18
patients infected	18
internal organs	18
transmission modes	17
viral protein	17
article distributed	17
clinical disease	17
immunogenic proteins	17
ns protein	17
influenza infection	17
rapid detection	17
access article	17
cov infections	17
human immunodeficiency	17
vaccine development	17
domestic birds	17
clinical characteristics	17
zoonotic viral	17
positive swine	17
host antiviral	17
hong kong	17
analysis based	17
rna virus	17
peer review	17
sera samples	17
performed using	17
cov nsp	17
spike proteins	17
serotype isolates	17
binding protein	17
tissue fecal	17
migratory birds	17
clinical cases	17
serological evidence	17
ifn signaling	17
ask cells	17
clinical isolates	17
infected group	17
rabies virus	17
confirmed cases	17
commons attribution	17
viral sequences	17
inhibitory effect	17
human coronavirus	16
antibody responses	16
host interactions	16
iii ifn	16
disease outbreak	16
host gene	16
also reported	16
transmission dynamics	16
stock virus	16
secondary bacterial	16
animal models	16
viruses isolated	16
generation sequencing	16
virus infiltration	16
structural protein	16
host tropism	16
anemia virus	16
gene i	16
virus environmental	16
stranded rna	16
significantly increased	16
disease severity	16
virus load	16
found positive	16
fmdv protein	16
highly conserved	16
environmental survival	16
pulmonary syndrome	16
global health	16
histone modification	16
molecular characterization	16
inducible gene	16
serotype strains	16
inflammatory cytokines	16
virus entry	16
clinical features	16
nonstructural proteins	16
cell entry	16
waterborne pathogens	15
dromedary camels	15
immune evasion	15
viral particle	15
available online	15
gondii infection	15
viral diarrhea	15
previous study	15
neutralizing antibody	15
origin iav	15
cell cycle	15
human ace	15
virus disease	15
new coronavirus	15
salmon anemia	15
mexican swine	15
body infiltration	15
clinical symptoms	15
virus strain	15
suis infections	15
zoonotic infections	15
specific antibodies	15
inflammatory response	15
mouse hepatitis	15
protein sequences	15
seasonal influenza	15
infected pigs	15
higher antibody	15
cell membrane	15
bacterial pathogens	15
healthy cats	15
recent years	15
highly virulent	15
serine protease	15
salmon anaemia	15
lesions consistent	15
swine transmission	15
host responses	15
ibv infection	15
infection period	15
viral loads	14
nuclear factor	14
like receptors	14
fmdv infection	14
genome sequencing	14
plasma membrane	14
survival rate	14
expression levels	14
close contact	14
human genome	14
antiviral responses	14
like illness	14
tight junctions	14
hantavirus pulmonary	14
vp protein	14
nile delta	14
internal genes	14
associated factor	14
cell receptor	14
atlantic salmon	14
study reported	14
highest number	14
case fatality	14
european countries	14
positive samples	14
carriage isolates	14
zoonotic infection	14
systems biology	14
epitope prediction	14
swine population	14
cytokine receptor	14
borne zoonotic	14
histone marks	14
epidemiological data	14
swine herds	14
influenza pandemic	14
spike glycoprotein	14
molecular epidemiology	14
virus evolution	14
two different	14
papillomavirus type	14
viral pathogens	14
treated groups	14
human cases	13
microarray analysis	13
viral diarrhoea	13
many countries	13
days post	13
viruses belonging	13
porcine respiratory	13
ebola virus	13
clinical manifestations	13
risk factor	13
antiviral innate	13
four virus	13
health concern	13
cattle infected	13
fisher scientific	13
leukemia virus	13
ibv strain	13
zoonotic dis	13
dependent enhancement	13
tested positive	13
effective vaccine	13
study identified	13
highly contagious	13
interferon regulatory	13
fusion peptide	13
clinical trials	13
animal species	13
peripheral blood	13
secondary structure	13
found infected	13
endoplasmic reticulum	13
cytokine storm	13
immune signaling	13
two decades	13
sars patients	13
taken together	13
antibody response	13
pdz binding	13
species transmission	13
arabian peninsula	13
wide range	13
signal transduction	13
negatively regulates	13
histone modifications	13
cats without	13
open reading	13
respiratory distress	13
stop codon	13
high risk	13
congo hemorrhagic	12
current study	12
virulence genes	12
high prevalence	12
strain ns	12
diseased pigs	12
regulatory elements	12
epigenetic modifications	12
specific antibody	12
molecular mechanisms	12
case report	12
humoral immune	12
commonly used	12
complete genomes	12
infected swine	12
interspecies transmission	12
sialic acids	12
avium subspecies	12
anaemia virus	12
virulence factors	12
weight loss	12
linked immunosorbent	12
bat origin	12
three rt	12
feline enteric	12
fcov shedding	12
increased risk	12
early stage	12
functional receptor	12
iii ifns	12
infections among	12
mouse model	12
situ hybridization	12
based swine	12
severe respiratory	12
cell death	12
acid change	12
immune escape	12
suis disease	12
terminal domain	12
different concentrations	12
whole genome	12
weak positive	12
study showed	12
peptide sequences	12
isothermal amplification	12
tissue samples	12
animal health	12
immune cell	12
avian species	12
mediated isothermal	12
different localities	12
respiratory viruses	12
infection severity	12
tnf receptor	12
epithelial cell	12
proinflammatory cytokines	12
swine nasal	11
sequence alignment	11
enzymatic activity	11
positive rt	11
infected individuals	11
information regarding	11
time points	11
airway epithelial	11
south america	11
esterase activity	11
infected immune	11
iav infections	11
beta strands	11
direct contact	11
strain ao	11
widely used	11
cell leukemia	11
iav subtypes	11
na genes	11
enteric coronavirus	11
recognition receptors	11
high similarity	11
strains isolated	11
significant differences	11
expression patterns	11
structural basis	11
mutation frequencies	11
quantitative pcr	11
ibv replication	11
data sets	11
causative agent	11
japanese swine	11
mediated antiviral	11
vaccination strategies	11
infected groups	11
sequence identity	11
simultaneous detection	11
past exposure	11
fmdv vp	11
subspecies paratuberculosis	11
antiviral immunity	11
wild bird	11
specific igg	11
viral particles	11
host factors	11
mesenteric lymph	11
south korea	11
farm workers	11
severe disease	11
viruses reported	11
sense rna	11
also known	11
coronavirus nsp	11
chicken parvovirus	11
asian countries	11
promote virus	11
map infection	11
promoter region	11
authors found	11
first detected	11
healthy swine	11
fcov infection	11
hypothetical protein	11
detection methods	11
tumor necrosis	11
discs large	11
human coronaviruses	11
disease symptoms	11
dengue fever	11
systemic spread	11
sin nombre	11
body fashion	11
immunofluorescence assays	10
lung tissues	10
gene mutations	10
even though	10
data suggest	10
general population	10
water distribution	10
water quality	10
recent advances	10
viral pneumonia	10
positive fecal	10
million people	10
iav antibodies	10
viral envelope	10
class ii	10
camostat mesylate	10
swine production	10
convalescent plasma	10
better understanding	10
subcellular organelles	10
distress syndrome	10
face masks	10
human monoclonal	10
genome sequences	10
different strains	10
genetic analysis	10
chromatin remodeling	10
human population	10
fusion process	10
fcov antibody	10
neighboring countries	10
statistically significant	10
pcr based	10
protein sequence	10
inflammatory cytokine	10
host proteins	10
tumour suppressor	10
different species	10
cell types	10
ua compared	10
become infected	10
viral disease	10
body environment	10
cells infected	10
isav hpr	10
molecular methods	10
immunoreactive proteins	10
blood samples	10
may lead	10
infection compared	10
international committee	10
cell growth	10
also documented	10
microbial risk	10
st isolates	10
results indicate	10
family coronaviridae	10
lung injury	10
two cats	10
influenza vaccine	10
alveolar macrophages	10
human airway	10
like disease	10
ib vaccination	10
viruses circulating	10
pathogenic strains	10
clinical trial	10
necrosis factor	10
bordetella bronchiseptica	10
infection among	10
sequence analysis	10
recent studies	10
virus rna	10
pathogenic viruses	10
may play	10
health risk	10
systemic infection	10
interferon production	10
enteric viruses	10
invasive disease	10
severity level	10
ifn response	10
strain pi	10
immunosorbent assay	10
lung epithelial	10
acid sequence	10
envelope protein	10
vector vaccines	10
reproductive tract	10
acid changes	10
virus families	10
also found	10
foreign gene	10
tax pbm	10
omics data	10
one study	10
growth factor	9
infiltration score	9
inner membrane	9
replication cycle	9
basophil cells	9
southern china	9
crystal structure	9
several countries	9
seven days	9
mass spectrometry	9
last two	9
active iav	9
step rt	9
farm animals	9
cryptosporidium spp	9
pcr assays	9
molecular techniques	9
serotype ii	9
infected chickens	9
consensus sequences	9
infection cycle	9
disease control	9
first time	9
hcps cases	9
last years	9
novel reassortant	9
considered positive	9
intracellular organelles	9
accession number	9
field strains	9
countries including	9
coronavirus pneumonia	9
attenuated vaccines	9
australian swine	9
junction protein	9
er stress	9
emerging pathogens	9
specific pathogen	9
gene segments	9
strain replacement	9
higher mean	9
intermediate hosts	9
low pathogenic	9
rodent hosts	9
vaccinated animals	9
persistently infected	9
nucleotide sequences	9
dependent rna	9
flu pandemic	9
inflammatory responses	9
rodent species	9
fmdv replication	9
challenge virus	9
may occur	9
potentially consistent	9
st strains	9
swine industry	9
factors associated	9
rna genome	9
study found	9
negative results	9
tumor suppressor	9
human cells	9
virus organ	9
dna microarray	9
reverse genetics	9
rna family	9
virus may	9
northern shoveler	9
available data	9
last decade	9
infected pneumonia	9
among pigs	9
future studies	9
pedv infection	9
thai swine	9
bacterial infections	9
adherence scores	9
transcriptase pcr	9
ros production	9
phages may	9
increasing number	9
salmo salar	9
calu cells	9
heat shock	9
full genome	9
emerging zoonotic	9
serological surveillance	9
three times	9
membrane complex	9
laboratory diagnosis	9
constructed using	9
diagnostic tools	9
accessory protein	9
zoonotic pathogen	9
endothelial infection	9
descriptive study	9
nsp inhibits	9
listeria monocytogenes	9
antiviral drugs	9
phylogenetic trees	9
first case	9
chromatin structure	9
influenza disease	9
swab samples	9
early phase	9
tissue culture	9
new virus	9
fecal sample	9
north american	9
inhibits type	9
quantitative microbial	9
among swine	8
strand rna	8
less virulent	8
pathological findings	8
vaccine strains	8
vaccine effectiveness	8
epithelial modes	8
pdz domains	8
intestinal epithelial	8
virus among	8
epitope sequences	8
cell proliferation	8
limited number	8
mock group	8
binding site	8
duodenal loop	8
egyptian children	8
united kingdom	8
oral fluid	8
cell tropism	8
production systems	8
virus loads	8
associated coronavirus	8
suis serotypes	8
potential role	8
hospitalized patients	8
gene bodies	8
zu strain	8
emerging coronavirus	8
low prevalence	8
cohort study	8
swine clinical	8
different serotypes	8
sequences encoding	8
rna replication	8
cell transformation	8
persistent infections	8
homologous recombination	8
human lung	8
high mortality	8
one amino	8
fcov rna	8
human cov	8
diagnostic methods	8
recent decades	8
signalling pathways	8
humoral response	8
virus infected	8
viral vector	8
viral zoonotic	8
viral gene	8
positive ihc	8
pandemic potential	8
significantly lower	8
abattoir workers	8
phylogenetic analyses	8
consensus sequence	8
start codon	8
negative rt	8
climate change	8
first described	8
serious public	8
differentially expressed	8
initiation factor	8
poultry industry	8
previously published	8
lung tissue	8
wild type	8
mhc haplotypes	8
pattern recognition	8
containing proteins	8
reassortant influenza	8
i fcovs	8
diagnostic tests	8
authors also	8
new york	8
without antibodies	8
polymicrobial infections	8
iiv il	8
alimentary tract	8
different time	8
protein interacts	8
complement system	8
cancer cells	8
disease progression	8
binding oligomerization	8
dub activity	8
resistant bacteria	8
mediterranean region	8
accessory genes	8
years old	8
gel electrophoresis	8
disease outbreaks	8
different organs	8
ang ii	8
healthy carrier	8
protein vp	8
reading frame	8
viable cells	8
antibody production	8
may result	8
type ifns	8
current knowledge	8
receptor gene	8
vaccine vector	8
high seroprevalence	8
low sensitivity	8
high throughput	8
plant expression	8
protease tmprss	8
signal pathway	8
qpcr results	8
genomic characterization	8
results demonstrate	8
monocytes macrophages	8
four samples	8
suis virulence	8
coronavirus replication	8
first reported	8
swabs collected	8
oligomerization domain	8
cellular immune	8
economic losses	8
lymph nodes	8
african swine	8
virus vaccine	8
transmission ecology	8
capsid protein	8
body systems	8
time point	8
sequence typing	8
also showed	8
first survey	8
potential therapeutic	8
interleukin receptor	8
european swine	8
equine viruses	8
vp gene	8
cultured immune	8
sequence homology	8
core protein	8
mediated immune	8
positive cats	8
human primates	8
dengue virus	8
nombre virus	8
drug resistance	8
abc genes	8
host genes	8
stunting syndrome	8
cell polarity	8
intermediate host	8
protein nsp	8
reproduction number	8
chest ct	8
old world	8
severe influenza	8
domestic animals	8
related coronavirus	8
effective vaccines	8
cell receptors	8
clinical presentation	8
antigenic characterization	8
bat coronaviruses	7
binding kinase	7
negative ihc	7
vitro studies	7
virus life	7
snp rs	7
another report	7
specific detection	7
putative virulence	7
control measures	7
ion channel	7
dna immunoprecipitation	7
well plate	7
infection model	7
corona virus	7
social media	7
virus circulation	7
bronchitis coronavirus	7
tissue tropism	7
publicly available	7
recombinant vaccinia	7
pregnant women	7
recombinant proteins	7
animal interface	7
suspected cases	7
cell response	7
virus nsp	7
future perspectives	7
em structure	7
multilocus sequence	7
african region	7
candidate epitopes	7
vice versa	7
perinatal antimicrobials	7
severe cases	7
epitopes prediction	7
diagnostic purposes	7
positive result	7
world orthohantaviruses	7
multiple species	7
still unknown	7
critical roles	7
pneumonia outbreak	7
coxiella burnetii	7
porcine circovirus	7
dhf infection	7
one human	7
human fascioliasis	7
one weak	7
protein synthesis	7
cov outbreak	7
tissue distribution	7
translation initiation	7
cryptosporidium parvum	7
epigenetic regulation	7
system involvement	7
antibody elisa	7
serotype strain	7
mucosal immune	7
receptor recognition	7
virulent strains	7
first evidence	7
hai titers	7
age groups	7
different animal	7
complete vp	7
health emergency	7
basic reproduction	7
equine influenza	7
family ranking	7
live bird	7
analyzed using	7
one day	7
likely due	7
human respiratory	7
mhc molecules	7
virus establishment	7
adherence score	7
poultry workers	7
ifn antagonist	7
health education	7
vaccine efficacy	7
serological investigation	7
alkhurma hemorrhagic	7
causes severe	7
yeast two	7
congo haemorrhagic	7
broiler chickens	7
transiently infected	7
antiviral immune	7
protein gene	7
associated risk	7
nasal microbiota	7
respiratory epithelium	7
avian coronavirus	7
including saudi	7
three days	7
infiltration scores	7
virus nonstructural	7
dipeptidyl peptidase	7
previously reported	7
cell apoptosis	7
ib vaccines	7
severe coronavirus	7
system tropism	7
viral hemagglutinins	7
determine whether	7
accessory proteins	7
also detected	7
core genome	7
like particles	7
i ifns	7
respiratory symptoms	7
mhc epitopes	7
mrna expression	7
gastrointestinal tract	7
origin influenza	7
severe clinical	7
associated proteins	7
health care	7
virulence factor	7
respiratory coronavirus	7
retrospective study	7
critical role	7
cause disease	7
epidemiological link	7
diagnostic test	7
total rna	7
hubei province	7
human viruses	7
transcription pcr	7
serological survey	7
selected proteins	7
cov spike	7
csfv infection	7
also shown	7
risk human	7
pathogenic coronaviruses	7
stat signaling	7
findings suggest	7
blocking buffer	7
bacterial infection	7
autogenous vaccine	7
high mutation	7
quantitative real	7
genomic rna	7
egg production	7
rna recognition	7
backyard swine	7
qpcr assay	7
mers coronavirus	7
alphaiib beta	7
maternal antibodies	7
virulent fcovs	7
saudi arabian	7
disease pathogenesis	7
cellular receptor	7
urgent need	7
coronavirus associated	7
antiviral effect	7
new viral	7
histological examination	7
septic shock	7
food safety	7
natural infection	7
may contribute	7
washed twice	7
first step	7
surface proteins	7
studies reported	7
less severe	7
commercially available	7
control strategies	7
avian coronaviruses	7
respiratory diseases	7
acid residues	7
human isolates	7
epigenetic control	7
host transcription	7
wet market	7
systemic immunity	7
infection outcomes	7
direct interaction	7
lesser extent	7
nucleic acids	7
positive control	7
new cases	7
methylated dna	7
carrier cats	7
among different	7
may facilitate	7
type tax	7
agarose gel	7
ii fcovs	7
days prior	7
eastern mediterranean	7
thereby inhibiting	7
antiviral activities	7
transcription polymerase	7
italian swine	7
novel influenza	7
one health	7
histone tails	7
coronavirus nucleocapsid	7
structural studies	7
hepatocellular carcinoma	7
transcription start	7
switching events	7
viral genomes	7
korean swine	7
critically important	7
swine lung	7
fecal fcov	7
orthomyxoviridae family	7
epidemiological studies	7
transcriptase polymerase	7
host environment	7
differential expression	7
ace expression	7
giardia duodenalis	7
shock protein	7
pedv plp	7
haemorrhagic fever	7
untranslated region	7
supplementary materials	7
infecting ibv	7
genomic dna	7
binding lectin	7
epigenetic landscape	7
molecular detection	7
molecular mechanism	6
replacement evolution	6
infected macrophages	6
cell invasion	6
scores allocated	6
commercial swine	6
neutralization test	6
antibody detection	6
human workers	6
antigenic drift	6
differences per	6
etiological agent	6
better understand	6
four cats	6
data regarding	6
cellular receptors	6
developing countries	6
influenza surveillance	6
stimulated genes	6
suis isolated	6
significantly reduced	6
early diagnosis	6
coronavirus receptor	6
st clones	6
respiratory pathogens	6
disease caused	6
saudi nationals	6
selective pressure	6
key step	6
higher mortality	6
parasitic infection	6
may become	6
swine herd	6
nsp protein	6
pedv orf	6
virus family	6
comprehensive review	6
coronavirus papain	6
universal vaccine	6
drosophila discs	6
foreign genes	6
nucleotide polymorphism	6
virus variants	6
family member	6
virus types	6
large amounts	6
virus reassortment	6
subclinical infection	6
rural areas	6
experimental groups	6
positive cases	6
lower respiratory	6
envelope glycoprotein	6
highest rate	6
leader proteinase	6
human rabies	6
mucosal infection	6
subunit vaccine	6
cells expressing	6
like proteases	6
zoonotic viruses	6
suis type	6
protein map	6
sequencing approach	6
south africa	6
group treated	6
vp sequences	6
cell function	6
orf abc	6
iav strain	6
less likely	6
livestock trade	6
fetal bovine	6
coronavirus infectious	6
reported earlier	6
plaque assay	6
dairy cattle	6
virus orf	6
study suggested	6
time reverse	6
differential diagnosis	6
like viruses	6
mild disease	6
epidemiological characteristics	6
induced ifn	6
nephropathogenic ibv	6
strain isolated	6
coding region	6
bronchitis viruses	6
hpr strains	6
protease inhibitors	6
immune recognition	6
healthcare workers	6
sequence carries	6
herpes simplex	6
interferon signaling	6
studies using	6
virus surveillance	6
protein complex	6
minor allele	6
mean number	6
infected mice	6
transcription complex	6
high viral	6
virus assembly	6
negative regulator	6
hemagglutinin esterase	6
vivo properties	6
showed increased	6
side effects	6
free water	6
protease activity	6
vector vaccine	6
protein interaction	6
major histocompatibility	6
human patients	6
domestic pigs	6
premature stop	6
diagnostic laboratory	6
fluorescent antibody	6
virus neutralization	6
proteolytic cleavage	6
start site	6
human disease	6
gene sequences	6
acute lung	6
livestock viruses	6
phylogenetic tree	6
virus hemagglutinin	6
health implications	6
significant difference	6
antiviral molecules	6
east africa	6
central nervous	6
investigation reported	6
copies per	6
lassa fever	6
cytokine production	6
surface glycoprotein	6
th day	6
may help	6
one cat	6
infect humans	6
protein inhibits	6
virus isolate	6
vector borne	6
study also	6
also identified	6
different locations	6
may enhance	6
swine may	6
key components	6
strains used	6
disease patients	6
blood monocytes	6
multiplex real	6
comparative study	6
protein level	6
acid inducible	6
chickens infected	6
i pbm	6
study conducted	6
influenza infections	6
virus leader	6
antibody test	6
possible correlation	6
predictive value	6
early transmission	6
iav seroprevalence	6
inactivated vaccines	6
school children	6
host genetic	6
countries worldwide	6
bootstrap phylogenetic	6
viral vectors	6
dna viruses	6
different zoonotic	6
infection control	6
ha gene	6
virus pathogenesis	6
akt pathway	6
outbreak associated	6
cleavage sites	6
elderly patients	6
mouse lungs	6
control programs	6
immunoinformatic approach	6
modifying enzymes	6
sars virus	6
mixing vessel	6
allow us	6
essential role	6
melanoma differentiation	6
naturally occurring	6
pathogen recognition	6
evolutionary history	6
infected cattle	6
virus ns	6
lamina propria	6
vaccine strain	6
aedes aegypti	6
chicken eggs	6
protein database	6
suis clinical	6
protective immunity	6
suppressor protein	6
human adenovirus	6
active surveillance	6
different regions	6
nursery piglets	6
serological investigations	6
license key	6
specific primers	6
cell type	6
positive correlation	6
via direct	6
fusion proteins	6
transmission involving	6
start sites	6
membrane vesicles	6
vp inhibits	6
pathogenic bacteria	6
histocompatibility complex	6
pigs infected	6
mice infected	6
test results	6
antimicrobial use	6
furin cleavage	6
biology approaches	6
probable bat	6
resistance genes	6
quantitative reverse	6
infected people	6
contact animals	6
ethics committee	6
international workshop	6
virus challenge	6
respiratory failure	6
nk cells	6
sf cells	6
wild boar	6
clinical strains	6
like strains	6
isg expression	6
two animals	6
low virulence	6
novel swine	6
fluid samples	6
host defense	6
innate antiviral	6
na subtypes	6
severe symptoms	6
ifn antagonists	6
ndv strains	6
febrile illness	6
antigenic diversity	6
assisted isolation	6
bisphosphate aldolase	6
pcr amplification	6
positively correlated	6
genome copies	6
least two	6
clinical course	6
stock viruses	6
total number	6
multiple reports	6
transmissible gastroenteritis	6
similar results	6
considered negative	6
like promoters	6
among children	6
intensive care	6
gondii activity	6
virus studies	6
gene source	6
lassa virus	6
infected co	6
associated molecular	6
results suggest	6
waterborne outbreaks	6
suis strain	6
transmembrane domain	6
per sites	6
intensity shedders	6
chpv strain	6
common cold	6
vaccine candidate	6
primarily epithelial	6
one sample	6
coding regions	6
saffold virus	6
fcov antigen	6
idv sequences	6
triple reassortant	6
new regulation	6
regulatory networks	6
natural host	6
influenza research	6
recent developments	6
pcr test	6
reassortant iav	6
bird markets	6
data indicate	6
groups treated	6
infected calves	6
ns proteins	6
serum sample	6
distinct viruses	6
rvf virus	6
tax protein	6
transmembrane serine	6
different countries	6
preferentially targets	6
washed three	6
strain vaccine	6
like virus	6
tax oncoprotein	6
protein function	6
bovine serum	6
iii interferon	6
capsular polysaccharide	6
highly susceptible	6
cervical cancer	6
horizontal transmission	5
preliminary report	5
coronavirus nonstructural	5
clinical findings	5
viral binding	5
will also	5
environmental factors	5
recently reported	5
arabia middle	5
swiss roll	5
mucosal immunity	5
single amino	5
percentile rank	5
reunion island	5
primary human	5
bird species	5
ligand binding	5
bacterial species	5
rna helicase	5
geographical distribution	5
domain protein	5
interferon response	5
genes associated	5
receptor specificity	5
existing drugs	5
based methods	5
protective efficacy	5
promoter regions	5
gov blast	5
ebola outbreak	5
model systems	5
human subjects	5
health problem	5
first cases	5
reading frames	5
data repository	5
human beta	5
related calcium	5
lateral flow	5
sample size	5
factor kappa	5
induce apoptosis	5
conserved sequences	5
chinese patients	5
one organ	5
cell membranes	5
wnv antibodies	5
order nidovirales	5
disease complex	5
transforming growth	5
killed approximately	5
infected cases	5
wild ducks	5
environmental water	5
results consistent	5
present work	5
small ruminants	5
genome type	5
dna vaccine	5
active chromatin	5
virus specific	5
three fecal	5
zu tissue	5
provided evidence	5
pig viruses	5
endou activity	5
intervention strategies	5
viral zoonoses	5
research articles	5
us swine	5
enteric disorders	5
sars convalescents	5
chromatin status	5
large numbers	5
synergic compound	5
secondary infection	5
virus binding	5
dna sequence	5
soluble resistance	5
recombination site	5
heparan sulfate	5
pneumonia cases	5
antimicrobial resistant	5
pseudomonas aeruginosa	5
vital role	5
csfv rna	5
may involve	5
significant reduction	5
new jersey	5
coronavirus using	5
respiratory epithelial	5
i mda	5
recombination events	5
natural killer	5
reported globally	5
transgenic mice	5
severe pneumonia	5
signal transducer	5
phase i	5
porcine intestinal	5
transient expression	5
type viruses	5
geographic distribution	5
may affect	5
antiviral defense	5
buffalo pox	5
microbial communities	5
gene locus	5
virus detection	5
selected immunogenic	5
sampling period	5
sigmodon hispidus	5
receptor ace	5
antagonistic mechanisms	5
data integration	5
strain vr	5
show high	5
vbnc cells	5
encephalomyocarditis virus	5
pcr reactions	5
recombinant protein	5
quality control	5
vaccination protocols	5
rectal swabs	5
systems may	5
recombinant newcastle	5
genome analysis	5
irf phosphorylation	5
analysis revealed	5
acid receptors	5
significantly greater	5
higher mutation	5
downstream signaling	5
study protocol	5
mutation frequency	5
giardia intestinalis	5
weak rt	5
viruses detected	5
vesicular stomatitis	5
transmembrane protease	5
expression system	5
nested pcr	5
hajj pilgrimage	5
pcr detection	5
circulatory systems	5
epidemic diarrhoea	5
different conditions	5
relatively low	5
authors noted	5
economic impact	5
protease cleavage	5
protective immune	5
commonly recognized	5
among patients	5
related viruses	5
akt signalling	5
qmra approach	5
hajj season	5
study period	5
certain ibv	5
murine coronavirus	5
visa protein	5
purified using	5
transmission success	5
high intensity	5
suis meningitis	5
proteasomal degradation	5
infiltrative viruses	5
two weeks	5
potential novel	5
throughput technologies	5
conformational change	5
culture supernatants	5
geographical area	5
different mechanisms	5
healthy controls	5
therapeutic strategies	5
three infiltration	5
gross lesions	5
oligoryzomys flavescens	5
oxidoreductase map	5
australian clones	5
lower adherence	5
postmortem examination	5
total nucleic	5
swine flu	5
na gene	5
pdz substrates	5
migratory bird	5
newly recognized	5
risk allele	5
protein interactions	5
genetic drift	5
different ages	5
multiple viruses	5
spearman correlation	5
virus vector	5
data types	5
fusion domain	5
ten days	5
swine iav	5
high antibody	5
west africa	5
promote viral	5
reactive oxygen	5
following infection	5
antimicrobial usage	5
dna polymerase	5
studies suggest	5
high levels	5
ii pneumocytes	5
viral genomic	5
negative fecal	5
sample collection	5
global concern	5
staphylococcus aureus	5
arab emirates	5
new insights	5
viruses tend	5
rodent populations	5
first outbreak	5
avian strains	5
isav infection	5
parasitic effect	5
health authorities	5
adenovirus type	5
cause mild	5
epidemiological situation	5
kidney disease	5
virus induces	5
cryptosporidium infection	5
lung cells	5
near future	5
specific gene	5
ruffled feathers	5
two groups	5
viral surface	5
clinical outcomes	5
mortality rates	5
may explain	5
bluetongue virus	5
absolutely diagnostic	5
two viruses	5
enteric disease	5
emerging viral	5
mechanisms underlying	5
san diego	5
oral route	5
mers patients	5
pathogen detection	5
extracellular traps	5
important antimicrobials	5
related genes	5
two distinct	5
samples obtained	5
may include	5
gradually decreased	5
splice site	5
dhf virus	5
nipah virus	5
real time	5
cell transmission	5
virus structural	5
fcov infected	5
significant changes	5
expression level	5
integration approach	5
results show	5
membrane protein	5
encoded proteins	5
induced activation	5
highly expressed	5
relative humidity	5
negative control	5
viruses influenza	5
harderian gland	5
swine interaction	5
cpg islands	5
coding rnas	5
animals also	5
hla class	5
evidence suggests	5
families may	5
novel cov	5
four rt	5
oxygen species	5
long structural	5
virus non	5
rabies cases	5
virus sequences	5
antiviral state	5
methylation status	5
old female	5
human macrophages	5
destroying activities	5
pasteurella multocida	5
covs nsp	5
unknown whether	5
urgently needed	5
scientific community	5
recent common	5
appendix i	5
expression changes	5
inhibits host	5
bronchial epithelial	5
distributed across	5
german catteries	5
fatal cases	5
gondii antibodies	5
cell cultures	5
based detection	5
health threat	5
cysteine protease	5
influenza outbreak	5
sequence types	5
phayao province	5
research received	5
regulatory factors	5
virus origins	5
terminal amino	5
molecular biology	5
junction proteins	5
applied biosystems	5
mediterranean basin	5
recent reports	5
novel anti	5
mediated innate	5
following experimental	5
water buffaloes	5
human keratinocytes	5
stray dogs	5
full ha	5
gastroenteritis virus	5
virus particles	5
likelihood ratios	5
clinical setting	5
regulatory genomic	5
human populations	5
data available	5
subcellular localization	5
statistical significance	5
mini kit	5
epithelial transmission	5
rna extraction	5
bubalus bubalis	5
utmost importance	5
olfactory dysfunction	5
end sites	5
spillover events	5
persistent infection	5
antiviral genes	5
uncharacterized oxidoreductase	5
consistently detected	5
genetic variants	5
ns gene	5
neutrophil extracellular	5
disease burden	5
acute infection	5
many cases	5
well known	5
species including	5
waterborne disease	5
buffalo calves	5
tract macrophages	5
persistent viruses	5
receptor usage	5
novel virus	5
red dot	5
water sources	5
fecal shedding	5
day pi	5
mediated degradation	5
per gram	5
person transmission	5
zoonotic parasitosis	5
population dynamics	5
swine origin	5
protease cleaves	5
times higher	5
pandemic viruses	5
tbk ikk	5
infection process	5
interferon pathway	5
intestinal translocation	5
epidemiological study	5
avian viruses	5
giardia lamblia	5
range genes	5
molecular patterns	5
first isolation	5
ten years	5
fcov strain	5
peromyscus maniculatus	5
northern egypt	5
transmission among	5
peromyscus leucopus	5
protein binds	5
raw milk	5
clotting cascade	5
human pathogens	5
found seropositive	5
cellular entry	5
european union	5
human schistosomiasis	5
promotes virus	5
multiple functions	5
iav disease	5
chemokine receptor	5
sequences identified	5
molecular level	5
distribution system	5
capture elisa	5
highly attenuated	5
among others	5
nasopharyngeal swab	5
immune suppression	5
may cause	5
maximum likelihood	5
zika virus	5
first identified	5
human diseases	5
different types	5
genomic clusters	5
gene regulatory	5
strain trangie	5
united arab	5
important zoonotic	5
significant increase	5
sequence data	5
cell adhesion	5
isav fusion	5
pathogenic pathotype	5
studies showed	5
initiation factors	5
protein ega	5
without fip	5
associated protein	5
pathological manifestations	5
experimental conditions	5
histone mimicry	5
angiotensin ii	5
will allow	5
clustered together	5
pedv replication	5
cats infected	5
water samples	5
virus development	5
comparative studies	5
putative receptor	5
infected animal	5
viral spike	5
may induce	5
bola haplotypes	5
york city	5
eukaryotic initiation	5
human strain	5
genome contains	5
identify regulatory	5
specific vaccine	5
granulomatous lesions	5
american swine	5
induces apoptosis	5
malate dehydrogenase	5
expression vector	5
disease outcome	5
tyrosine phosphatase	5
specific monoclonal	5
emerging pathogen	5
author contributions	5
also induces	5
intestinal colonisation	5
slicing sites	5
encephalitis virus	5
factors involved	5
lb pro	5
animal bites	5
regulatory circuit	5
various cytokines	5
transmembrane protein	5
external funding	5
income countries	5
potential use	5
sensitive detection	5
analysis showed	5
important host	5
following emerging	5
different pathogens	5
cats experimentally	5
largely unknown	5
chicken flocks	5
inflammatory cells	5
based vaccines	5
infection risk	5
pcr products	5
transcriptional end	5
infiltration ranking	5
acid binding	5
bovine respiratory	5
several viruses	5
recent findings	5
vp interacts	5
computed tomography	5
new world	5
fipv pathotype	5
ifn regulatory	5
bpxv infections	5
ciliated cells	5
reservoir host	5
lesions potentially	5
positive cervical	4
recombinant fmdv	4
protein syntenin	4
birds showed	4
serine threonine	4
active transcription	4
peruvian isolate	4
dna microarrays	4
many studies	4
recent data	4
influenza severity	4
orfs abc	4
mosquito vectors	4
serological procedures	4
avian virus	4
sequences obtained	4
just internal	4
jak protein	4
regulatory framework	4
severe infections	4
investigation identified	4
active infections	4
three swine	4
virus remains	4
related coronaviruses	4
per year	4
identify modifications	4
antigen capture	4
fatal human	4
also possible	4
virus molecular	4
control epigenetic	4
associated gene	4
crosslinked chromatin	4
detection method	4
risk group	4
extracted using	4
natural transmission	4
clinical samples	4
bat sars	4
clinical data	4
animal reservoir	4
potential anti	4
backyard birds	4
antiviral signaling	4
evaluated using	4
smallpox vaccines	4
recent investigation	4
like dnmts	4
community transmission	4
first active	4
virus expressing	4
iav subtype	4
immunoproteomic approach	4
involving internal	4
bovine pestivirus	4
dead swine	4
disease outcomes	4
novel strain	4
titers also	4
six samples	4
shed virus	4
pulmonary disease	4
spectrum beta	4
emerging infectious	4
stranded positive	4
lipid metabolism	4
schistosoma haematobium	4
severe complications	4
obtaining covid	4
reactive protein	4
neglected american	4
stress response	4
symptom onset	4
rectal temperature	4
virus protein	4
wuhan wet	4
sperm production	4
ibv variants	4
stress granule	4
control study	4
finding suggests	4
recombinant ace	4
body fluids	4
bootstrap replicates	4
fcov shedders	4
inflammatory syndrome	4
protein translation	4
viral deubiquitinase	4
protein suppresses	4
actively regulate	4
young children	4
cellular membranes	4
severe illness	4
alkhurma virus	4
vascular leakage	4
mechanisms involved	4
genetic factors	4
tested negative	4
initial infection	4
mediated activation	4
four animals	4
available information	4
degradation via	4
national health	4
target cell	4
envelope proteins	4
china isolation	4
controlled trial	4
several reports	4
hpr length	4
large scale	4
subclinical stage	4
common practice	4
functional analysis	4
fmdv genome	4
highest prevalence	4
therapeutic target	4
histone tail	4
disease may	4
domestic poultry	4
signaling adapter	4
cov resulted	4
human exposure	4
mainland china	4
growing body	4
pathotype fcovs	4
considered primarily	4
kinase activation	4
tank binding	4
dakahlia governorate	4
summer months	4
expression profile	4
domestic cats	4
north africa	4
horseshoe bats	4
bpxv strains	4
report showed	4
nigerian swine	4
coronavirus type	4
highly polymorphic	4
magnetic resonance	4
mentioned previously	4
eukaryote chromatin	4
current state	4
important issues	4
prefusion conformation	4
ncov spike	4
npcr results	4
protein fusion	4
i fusion	4
encodes several	4
nsp exon	4
ct value	4
proteins may	4
circulating strains	4
isolate regulatory	4
marks across	4
might also	4
multiplex rt	4
mononuclear cell	4
blood cultures	4
infected host	4
generated using	4
histone mark	4
increased occupancy	4
coronavirus middle	4
mycobacterium bovis	4
health significance	4
coronavirus pathogenesis	4
makkah city	4
canadian swine	4
restriction enzymes	4
iav isolates	4
receptor signaling	4
sick swine	4
individual viruses	4
standard deviation	4
adaptive immunity	4
different fcov	4
data collection	4
induced signaling	4
bursal disease	4
discussion section	4
suis associated	4
contaminated food	4
infection group	4
obtained using	4
sequence type	4
four swine	4
serosal surfaces	4
exclusively found	4
later stages	4
acute kidney	4
prostate cancer	4
schistosoma mansoni	4
australian isolates	4
specific sites	4
adverse effects	4
across different	4
culture cells	4
binding motifs	4
high dose	4
sequences reported	4
dependent neuroprotective	4
factor alpha	4
recovered patients	4
pig population	4
influenza vaccines	4
selected epitopes	4
kidney injury	4
significant public	4
receptor subunit	4
endemic areas	4
suis taken	4
rice rat	4
olfactory evaluation	4
epidemiological unit	4
treatment options	4
ismailia governorate	4
cl pro	4
interferon responses	4
will help	4
host relationships	4
positive controls	4
multiple hosts	4
exoribonuclease activity	4
five strains	4
pathogen free	4
bovine coronavirus	4
faire method	4
body viruses	4
nuclear magnetic	4
neuroprotective protein	4
may interfere	4
culture supernatant	4
linear epitopes	4
multiple serotypes	4
result shows	4
serotype switch	4
hpv types	4
showed higher	4
modifier molecules	4
clade represents	4
receptor genes	4
using comparative	4
high proportion	4
different tissues	4
cytopathic effect	4
old man	4
ros activity	4
primers used	4
via infected	4
lysosomal degradation	4
interferon antagonism	4
culture system	4
partial vp	4
live animals	4
cases worldwide	4
maya people	4
higher expression	4
driven plasmids	4
severe course	4
infection may	4
well established	4
lysis via	4
cultured cells	4
dry cough	4
nucleotide sequence	4
soluble ace	4
housekeeping gene	4
cellular tropism	4
gondii effects	4
also present	4
modifications genome	4
common among	4
human homologue	4
prevalence rate	4
methionine residue	4
dna replication	4
occupational exposure	4
tertiary structure	4
transcriptional response	4
aa similarity	4
respiratory infections	4
parasitic diseases	4
highly sensitive	4
vaccine candidates	4
cloacal pasting	4
fully understood	4
inactivated autogenous	4
new cov	4
previously unknown	4
cc genotype	4
orf pbm	4
virus vaccines	4
group tested	4
antiviral effects	4
remains unclear	4
intestinal loops	4
load per	4
viral mrnas	4
cecal tonsils	4
extracellular vesicles	4
data showed	4
specific isg	4
virus propagation	4
patients died	4
hcovs infections	4
may trigger	4
antibodies among	4
coronavirus rna	4
cell epitope	4
transcriptional start	4
specific receptor	4
south korean	4
swine viruses	4
cell contacts	4
prospective cohort	4
three colonies	4
entry factors	4
vertical transmission	4
th international	4
stomatitis virus	4
expression profiles	4
major role	4
transcription loop	4
environmental samples	4
primarily involving	4
induced lung	4
another investigation	4
genetic reassortment	4
virus cell	4
salmonella isolates	4
saudi population	4
virus diversity	4
receptor destruction	4
sense copy	4
card domains	4
intranasal inoculation	4
involves crosslinking	4
fully functional	4
human virus	4
high number	4
takes place	4
method used	4
pol ii	4
pig sera	4
associated substrate	4
cps locus	4
virus transmitted	4
suis st	4
histone modifier	4
certain strains	4
membrane proteins	4
old saudi	4
high morbidity	4
pbs washes	4
positive children	4
viral sepsis	4
within europe	4
derived antibodies	4
research database	4
molecular diagnostics	4
case definition	4
infectious ndv	4
evolutionary genetics	4
nonclinical strains	4
veterinary medicine	4
predictive values	4
ibv serotypes	4
virus antibody	4
mediated ifn	4
showed lesions	4
strain fcov	4
negative controls	4
buenos aires	4
suis vaccines	4
controlling chromatin	4
combination therapy	4
oklahoma based	4
treatment plants	4
therapeutic targets	4
targets heavily	4
fmdv proteins	4
three plasmids	4
egyptian governorates	4
studies used	4
cytokine response	4
cytokine signaling	4
case reports	4
strongly inhibits	4
causing viruses	4
mucosal surfaces	4
novel human	4
previous data	4
new mechanism	4
specific cd	4
airway epithelia	4
review focuses	4
epithelial viruses	4
directly related	4
five cats	4
salmon rbcs	4
coding sequence	4
factors affecting	4
coronavirus genome	4
vivo infection	4
haemophilus parasuis	4
reservoir hosts	4
taking advantage	4
protein identifiers	4
membrane glycoprotein	4
mouse lung	4
among multiple	4
eif gi	4
global distribution	4
sybr green	4
central america	4
three main	4
microbes infect	4
vp tree	4
host species	4
factor beta	4
get infected	4
viral structure	4
without showing	4
low concentrations	4
longitudinal study	4
interstitial pneumonia	4