bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
nucleic acid	2392
gene expression	2269
immune response	1777
amino acid	1728
cell lines	1694
immune responses	1570
amino acids	1439
blood donors	1156
breast cancer	1108
dna vaccine	1106
cell line	1087
nucleic acids	1065
dna damage	1031
stem cells	997
time pcr	990
cell death	961
dna vaccines	961
flow cytometry	954
whole blood	943
cell cycle	936
immune system	931
type i	929
mg kg	921
viral dna	905
gene therapy	889
cancer cells	883
bone marrow	878
virus infection	840
present study	836
oxidative stress	836
innate immune	834
rna viruses	830
blood transfusion	825
escherichia coli	818
dna polymerase	797
chain reaction	795
infectious diseases	789
influenza virus	775
stem cell	771
infected cells	769
clinical trials	761
epithelial cells	759
control group	756
significantly higher	756
polymerase chain	749
red blood	748
protein expression	735
cell culture	735
important role	732
dendritic cells	730
plasmid dna	728
ng ml	728
acute respiratory	723
performed using	719
hbv dna	696
respiratory syndrome	691
stranded dna	690
dna sequences	688
prostate cancer	680
genomic dna	674
immunodeficiency virus	667
cell proliferation	661
tumor cells	652
isothermal amplification	649
doc id	647
cord uid	647
results suggest	639
rna polymerase	637
herpes simplex	631
vaccinia virus	626
cell surface	626
western blot	626
blood samples	623
dna replication	622
blood cells	622
virus type	616
growth factor	614
study design	614
peripheral blood	608
cystic fibrosis	605
extracellular vesicles	604
host cell	596
class i	595
electron microscopy	590
human immunodeficiency	580
simplex virus	580
transcription factor	576
viral replication	572
dna viruses	571
summary conclusion	570
chronic hepatitis	568
mass spectrometry	565
severe acute	560
blood components	559
viral rna	558
virus replication	557
significant difference	551
target dna	542
blood donation	541
cell types	540
dna sequence	537
reverse transcription	536
endothelial cells	536
statistically significant	523
lymph nodes	522
lymph node	521
blood products	520
plasma membrane	515
human genome	510
may also	506
gene transfer	504
case studies	502
transcription factors	498
mg ml	497
summary conclusions	490
blood group	486
red cell	485
background case	481
widely used	481
cell responses	478
two different	476
significant differences	476
binding site	475
risk factors	474
mg dl	473
molecular weight	470
wild type	467
public health	463
monoclonal antibodies	461
dna methylation	460
wide range	460
mammalian cells	459
liver failure	453
cancer cell	452
drug delivery	451
mediated isothermal	448
reverse transcriptase	447
dna repair	447
room temperature	447
nervous system	444
viral infection	442
respiratory tract	441
binding protein	441
results indicate	439
viral infections	437
smooth muscle	436
binding sites	432
gene delivery	429
cd cd	429
large number	421
viral proteins	421
side effects	418
blood bank	418
first time	416
expression levels	415
mean age	412
high levels	406
monoclonal antibody	404
hepatocellular carcinoma	402
data suggest	399
blood cell	399
united states	398
secondary structure	397
mouse model	397
pg ml	396
design method	391
host cells	391
commercially available	388
viral genome	388
commonly used	388
two groups	386
pregnant women	384
dependent manner	383
previous studies	383
gel electrophoresis	380
molecular mechanisms	379
staphylococcus aureus	379
lung cancer	376
gold nanoparticles	376
active site	375
results finding	375
mrna expression	374
quality control	372
stranded rna	371
copy number	371
colorectal cancer	370
infectious disease	368
significantly increased	367
protein kinase	364
results show	363
clinical signs	363
clinical samples	357
determine whether	354
cell growth	352
dna binding	351
molecular biology	350
real time	348
antiviral activity	347
dna vaccination	347
generation sequencing	346
previously described	345
vaccine development	345
innate immunity	345
transfusion medicine	345
animal models	344
years old	344
results showed	343
cell carcinoma	341
closely related	338
recent years	336
blood pressure	336
human papillomavirus	335
viral load	334
mycobacterium tuberculosis	333
protein synthesis	332
acid sequence	332
significantly lower	331
significant increase	331
iu ml	327
immune cells	320
previously reported	320
signal transduction	320
mhc class	320
rapid detection	320
adverse events	319
barr virus	318
heat shock	317
central nervous	317
recent studies	317
liver disease	315
cell membrane	315
inflammatory response	315
rna virus	314
pcr assay	314
cell cultures	313
clinical trial	313
least one	312
blood donor	311
body weight	310
target cells	310
crystal structure	309
dengue virus	309
statistical analysis	307
different types	307
like receptor	306
hbv infection	304
reactive oxygen	304
high affinity	304
specific antibodies	303
cd cells	300
differential diagnosis	299
cancer patients	298
nk cells	298
ex vivo	298
significantly reduced	297
detection limit	297
i ifn	296
virus particles	296
dna synthesis	295
ebola virus	295
oxygen species	295
transgenic mice	295
endoplasmic reticulum	293
signaling pathways	293
surface plasmon	293
dna sequencing	292
neutralizing antibodies	292
one patient	290
red cells	289
molecular dynamics	286
pcr amplification	286
dna amplification	285
delivery systems	285
biological activity	285
antibiotic resistance	285
syndrome coronavirus	284
type ii	284
binding proteins	284
serum samples	283
viral vectors	283
phase i	280
drug resistance	280
analysis revealed	279
quantitative pcr	278
cell activation	278
taken together	278
western blotting	278
blot analysis	277
sequence analysis	275
protein interactions	274
plasmon resonance	274
nitric oxide	273
highly conserved	273
antibody responses	272
platelet count	271
class ii	271
even though	270
pseudomonas aeruginosa	269
also known	268
dna extraction	266
case report	264
last years	264
signaling pathway	263
healthy controls	263
risk factor	263
also observed	262
three different	262
cell type	262
sample preparation	261
university hospital	261
may contribute	261
single nucleotide	260
respiratory syncytial	259
high throughput	258
membrane protein	257
cell receptor	257
human cells	257
platelet concentrates	256
results obtained	256
dna fragments	256
copies ml	256
may play	256
binding domain	254
significantly different	254
pcr products	253
increased risk	252
cell viability	251
also found	251
syncytial virus	251
genome sequence	251
may provide	250
highly sensitive	249
year old	248
antiviral therapy	248
antibody response	247
open reading	247
transfusion reactions	247
i interferon	246
medical center	246
adenovirus type	244
situ hybridization	244
may lead	244
analyzed using	243
high level	242
homologous recombination	241
differentially expressed	240
autoimmune diseases	240
life cycle	239
conformational changes	239
solid phase	238
high sensitivity	238
fold increase	237
living cells	236
lung disease	236
human cytomegalovirus	236
membrane proteins	236
fever virus	235
extracellular matrix	235
determined using	234
viral protein	234
inflammatory cytokines	234
nucleotide sequence	233
viral genomes	233
median age	232
graphene oxide	232
key role	232
heart failure	231
next generation	231
mononuclear cells	230
hematopoietic stem	230
mrna levels	229
recombinant protein	229
analysis showed	227
fusion protein	227
rna interference	227
adaptive immune	226
specific cd	225
wound healing	225
blood supply	223
viral gene	223
lupus erythematosus	223
crispr cas	222
host immune	222
positive control	222
mesenchymal stem	222
terminal domain	222
small molecules	221
hcv rna	221
outer membrane	221
low levels	220
negative control	220
acid amplification	220
total rna	219
treated cells	219
muscle cells	219
delivery system	219
time points	219
plasma samples	219
acid residues	219
squamous cell	218
skeletal muscle	218
clinical practice	218
tumor cell	216
expression level	216
dna molecules	216
protein levels	215
positive results	215
data indicate	215
high risk	215
whole genome	215
ovarian cancer	215
necrosis factor	215
human adenovirus	214
critical role	214
measured using	214
like particles	214
significantly decreased	214
virus dna	213
mosaic virus	213
data analysis	213
dna aptamers	212
cell adhesion	212
first step	212
graphical representation	212
protective immunity	212
diabetes mellitus	211
deficient mice	211
pcr assays	211
multiple sclerosis	211
base pairs	210
tumor growth	210
systemic lupus	210
transfusion service	210
structural proteins	210
spinal cord	210
total number	209
blood banks	209
also used	209
reading frame	209
cellular immune	209
transgene expression	209
cytosolic dna	209
genetic material	208
patients treated	208
single cell	208
findings suggest	207
fatty acid	207
specific dna	207
positive cells	207
presenting cells	207
inhibitory effect	207
wide variety	207
nucleocapsid protein	206
small molecule	205
adverse effects	205
sars coronavirus	205
cycle arrest	204
cells expressing	204
naturally occurring	204
infectious agents	203
intensive care	202
dna virus	202
recent study	201
growth factors	201
positive samples	201
analysis using	201
west nile	200
patients undergoing	200
zika virus	200
gastrointestinal tract	200
blood collection	199
lg ml	199
disease virus	199
negatively charged	199
capsid protein	199
blood donations	199
fatty acids	199
recent advances	199
fold higher	198
health care	197
tumor suppressor	197
years ago	197
ms ms	197
viral particles	196
mitochondrial dna	196
tissue culture	196
crucial role	196
results demonstrate	195
old female	195
rna molecules	195
well known	194
several studies	193
family members	193
long term	193
may cause	193
culture medium	193
cells using	192
surface antigen	192
resistance genes	191
like receptors	191
cell response	191
animal model	191
specific antibody	191
clinical studies	190
introduction background	190
significant reduction	190
protein sequences	189
three times	189
two patients	188
one case	188
hela cells	188
dna microarray	187
specific primers	187
avian influenza	187
enzyme activity	187
sting pathway	187
based detection	186
genes involved	186
cell transplantation	186
may result	186
acid sequences	186
epithelial cell	185
virus detection	185
studies showed	185
expression vector	185
genome sequencing	184
multiplex pcr	184
hiv infection	184
factor viii	184
cell wall	184
based vaccines	183
spike protein	183
liver transplantation	183
phylogenetic analysis	183
preliminary results	183
cell lymphoma	183
cervical cancer	182
antigen presentation	182
cfu ml	182
virus infections	182
blood units	182
neutralizing antibody	182
highly specific	182
current study	182
dna sensing	181
genetic information	181
novel coronavirus	181
old male	181
protein complexes	181
signal amplification	181
human serum	181
blood center	180
increased expression	180
exome sequencing	180
per year	180
enzymatic activity	180
target genes	180
antimicrobial resistance	180
primary immunodeficiency	179
tumor necrosis	179
another study	179
agarose gel	178
data show	178
energy transfer	178
bacterial infections	178
dna detection	178
colon cancer	178
transmission electron	177
better understanding	177
bovine serum	177
tract infections	177
mouse models	176
gene silencing	176
patients received	176
negative bacteria	176
cells infected	176
two types	176
clinical specimens	175
target sequence	175
serum levels	173
protein structure	173
cord blood	173
disease progression	173
lung injury	173
influenza viruses	172
dna samples	172
vascular endothelial	172
early stage	172
humoral immune	171
may occur	171
higher levels	171
antiviral drugs	171
saccharomyces cerevisiae	171
endothelial cell	171
linked immunosorbent	171
dependent rna	170
sensitive detection	170
binding affinity	170
gene products	170
cd expression	170
standard deviation	169
described previously	169
simultaneous detection	169
surface area	169
poorly understood	169
tissue samples	168
nile virus	168
clinical isolates	168
type diabetes	168
detection methods	168
using different	168
light scattering	167
major role	167
takes place	167
swine fever	167
blood safety	167
fluorescence microscopy	167
insulin resistance	166
currently available	166
based methods	166
sanger sequencing	166
drug discovery	166
two cases	165
clinically significant	165
three patients	165
live attenuated	165
cell division	165
will also	165
viral diseases	165
genomic rna	165
magnetic beads	164
tyrosine kinase	164
also showed	164
study period	164
study showed	164
days post	164
genetic diversity	164
free energy	163
retrospective study	163
recombinant proteins	163
serum albumin	163
gestational age	163
cancer therapy	163
overall survival	163
single molecule	162
lateral flow	162
cytokine production	162
human diseases	162
bl mice	162
one year	162
circular dichroism	162
antibody titers	162
reporter gene	162
gene encoding	162
antimicrobial activity	162
chronic inflammation	162
proteins involved	161
clinical features	161
may represent	161
cells treated	161
positively charged	161
topoisomerase i	160
statistical significance	160
lung function	160
transfected cells	160
pathogen detection	160
dna microarrays	160
inflammatory responses	160
mediated gene	160
expression patterns	159
genes encoding	159
point mutations	159
target gene	159
united kingdom	159
immunosorbent assay	159
hepg cells	158
dna fragment	158
protein production	158
dna strand	157
test results	157
middle east	157
blood product	157
side chain	157
fluorescent protein	156
molecular mechanism	156
sequence data	156
small cell	156
false positive	156
protein sequence	155
cell differentiation	155
shock protein	155
significant decrease	155
patients without	155
clinically relevant	155
dendritic cell	155
virus rna	154
phase ii	154
mm tris	154
replacement therapy	154
healthy individuals	154
specific immune	154
eukaryotic cells	153
exclusion chromatography	153
world health	153
conformational change	153
reading frames	153
cellular processes	153
samples collected	153
high frequency	153
induced apoptosis	153
gene product	153
immune complexes	153
genetic variation	152
dna aptamer	152
bacterial contamination	152
pcr product	152
promoter region	152
rheumatoid arthritis	152
well tolerated	152
future studies	152
biological processes	152
respiratory distress	152
critically ill	152
patients receiving	151
core protein	151
cell epitopes	151
adipose tissue	151
blood flow	151
similar results	150
antimicrobial peptides	150
mast cells	150
liquid chromatography	150
hek cells	150
clinical use	150
molecular methods	150
vaccine delivery	150
dna helicase	150
culture media	150
leukemia virus	150
high resolution	150
different cell	149
confocal microscopy	149
evaluated using	149
new insights	149
protein folding	149
cell function	149
cells showed	149
quantum dots	149
lipid bilayer	148
liver cirrhosis	148
protein complex	148
blood loss	148
encephalitis virus	148
many different	148
cerebrospinal fluid	148
flow cytometric	148
three groups	148
derived evs	148
biologically active	148
national institute	148
early diagnosis	147
antigen expression	147
fluorescence intensity	147
blood vessels	147
rna synthesis	147
strand rna	147
model system	147
virus genome	146
study group	146
will provide	146
dna polymerases	146
high specificity	146
total protein	146
rna genome	146
molecular basis	146
capillary electrophoresis	146
viral pathogens	146
much higher	146
cell lung	146
informed consent	146
clinical diagnosis	146
previously shown	145
time rt	145
atomic force	145
nuclear factor	145
results findings	145
building blocks	145
poor prognosis	145
phage display	145
infected patients	145
essential role	145
may help	144
peptide synthesis	144
two distinct	144
vitro studies	144
will allow	144
fractal analysis	144
design methods	144
cell survival	143
viral nucleic	143
clinical data	143
nucleotide sequences	143
healthy donors	143
clostridium difficile	143
rabies virus	143
least two	143
immune deficiency	143
chronic liver	143
clinical microbiology	143
nanoparticle tracking	143
stress response	143
authors declare	142
nested pcr	142
autoimmune disease	142
present work	142
hydrogen bonds	142
weight loss	142
damage response	142
cell migration	142
fi rst	142
disease severity	141
electrochemical detection	141
great potential	141
blood services	141
nucleotide polymorphisms	141
bowel disease	141
transfection efficiency	141
intermittent fasting	140
tracking analysis	140
small interfering	140
significantly associated	140
experimental data	140
target cell	140
small number	140
secondary structures	140
infected mice	140
old woman	140
human disease	140
stromal cells	139
dna sensor	139
logistic regression	139
urinary tract	139
septic shock	139
biofilm formation	139
gold nanoparticle	139
helicase activity	139
side chains	138
tissue damage	138
viral genes	138
rrna gene	138
dnase i	138
large scale	138
airway epithelial	137
natural killer	137
prospective study	137
blood mononuclear	137
genome sequences	137
brain barrier	137
see table	137
human health	137
coding sequence	137
dna encoding	137
health organization	137
cellular uptake	137
mutation rate	137
new york	137
strand breaks	137
hydrogen peroxide	137
associated virus	136
broad spectrum	136
quantitative real	136
recombinase polymerase	136
potential therapeutic	136
dna levels	136
using two	136
human dna	136
alkaline phosphatase	136
low molecular	136
atpase activity	136
full length	136
acid extraction	135
specific binding	135
embryonic stem	135
vesicular stomatitis	135
positive correlation	135
catalytic activity	135
high prevalence	135
molecular level	134
sequence alignment	134
drinking water	134
tumour cells	134
regression analysis	134
drug development	134
protein binding	134
detection system	134
polymerase amplification	134
endothelial growth	133
pcr using	133
fecal samples	133
cell membranes	133
gene transcription	133
sickle cell	133
group i	133
limited number	133
based assays	133
inflammatory bowel	133
human blood	133
diagnostic tests	133
better understand	132
four different	132
times higher	132
significant changes	132
apoptotic cells	132
er stress	132
emerging infectious	132
rolling circle	132
developing countries	132
studies using	132
important roles	132
take place	132
african swine	131
high degree	131
cell populations	131
transplant recipients	131
early detection	131
autosomal recessive	131
binding rate	131
bacterial infection	131
th century	131
two major	131
gold standard	131
ml min	130
transfusion services	130
platelet aggregation	130
size exclusion	130
clinical symptoms	130
complete genome	130
increased levels	130
lentiviral vector	130
force microscopy	130
potential role	130
protein microarrays	130
circular dna	130
binding activity	130
expression system	130
small intestine	130
cells via	130
cellular dna	129
neurodegenerative diseases	129
fusion proteins	129
connective tissue	129
adenoviral vectors	129
mammalian cell	129
combined immunodeficiency	129
protein function	129
may affect	129
dynamics simulations	129
biopsy specimens	129
protein interaction	128
mice immunized	128
tritrichomonas foetus	128
clinical outcome	128
well established	128
major histocompatibility	128
also performed	128
expression profiles	128
ubiquitin ligase	128
liver function	128
canine parvovirus	128
vaccine candidates	128
healthy volunteers	128
target protein	127
respiratory infections	127
coding region	127
previous study	127
age group	127
rbc units	127
capsid proteins	127
time point	127
structural basis	127
predictive value	127
cells may	127
dna probes	126
data sets	126
hcv infection	126
cell lysates	126
relatively high	126
detection using	126
particle size	126
causative agent	126
neutrophil extracellular	126
therapeutic potential	126
affinity chromatography	126
carbon nanotubes	126
detected using	126
thymidine kinase	125
respiratory viruses	125
positive patients	125
adult patients	125
relatively low	125
control groups	125
east respiratory	125
streptococcus pneumoniae	125
clinical manifestations	125
pcr reaction	125
polymerase ii	125
affi nity	125
past years	125
soft tissue	125
nuclear localization	124
myocardial infarction	124
cycle progression	124
clinical course	124
large amounts	124
molecular diagnostics	124
protein level	124
remains unclear	124
gene sequences	124
primary human	124
assessed using	124
microarray technology	124
reaction mixture	124
healthy subjects	124
blood component	123
based assay	123
early stages	123
will help	123
genetic analysis	123
japanese encephalitis	123
genetic engineering	123
infected cell	123
surface expression	123
envelope protein	123
dna complexes	123
nk cell	123
new approach	123
kg day	123
antibiotic therapy	122
human herpesvirus	122
year period	122
family history	122
care unit	122
circle amplification	122
plasma cells	122
evidence suggests	122
dna rna	121
crystal structures	121
human plasma	121
ca i	121
pcr analysis	121
stomatitis virus	121
therapeutic agents	121
pluripotent stem	121
significant correlation	121
immune cell	120
magnetic resonance	120
based amplification	120
vast majority	120
data obtained	120
membrane fusion	120
vaccine vectors	120
increasing number	120
data demonstrate	120
zinc finger	120
antibody screening	120
factor receptor	120
dna delivery	120
resonance energy	120
vero cells	120
terminal region	119
associated protein	119
well plates	119
using dna	119
ill patients	119
central role	119
give rise	119
also shown	119
applied biosystems	119
gene regulation	119
biological samples	119
autologous blood	119
preliminary data	119
porcine circovirus	119
structural changes	119
two main	119
plant viruses	119
within hours	119
adverse reactions	119
combination therapy	119
fresh frozen	119
plasmodium falciparum	119
activated protein	119
liver injury	119
antibiotic treatment	119
catalytic domain	119
inhibitory activity	118
risk assessment	118
ligand binding	118
dna strands	118
small rna	118
regulatory factor	118
studies revealed	118
national blood	118
birth weight	118
low cost	118
membrane potential	118
breast carcinoma	118
host defense	118
synthetic peptides	118
low level	118
liver biopsy	118
survival rate	118
rate coefficient	117
free radicals	117
clinical significance	117
resistant strains	117
clinical applications	117
cell biology	117
amplification assay	117
listeria monocytogenes	117
speci fi	117
chronic inflammatory	117
negative results	117
enveloped viruses	117
infectious virus	117
mouth disease	117
lamina propria	117
large numbers	117
size distribution	117
senescent cells	117
influenza vaccine	117
cell counts	117
mortality rate	117
inflammatory diseases	117
patient samples	117
chlamydia pneumoniae	117
general population	116
cardiac surgery	116
throughput sequencing	116
frozen plasma	116
synthetic biology	116
dna hybridization	116
cell count	116
broad range	116
receptor binding	116
high concentrations	116
messenger rna	116
rna polymerases	116
lactic acid	116
results indicated	116
normal human	116
umbilical cord	116
showed significant	116
antibody production	115
plasma levels	115
chitosan nanoparticles	115
studies suggest	115
different stages	115
long time	115
hepatitis virus	115
study aimed	115
vitro selection	115
host range	115
nlrp inflammasome	114
expression pattern	114
systematic review	114
nuclear import	114
mediated immune	114
body mass	114
may serve	114
pancreatic cancer	114
thermo fisher	114
allowed us	114
among others	114
pathogenic bacteria	114
different methods	114
molecular detection	114
vaccine candidate	114
last decade	114
genetically engineered	114
genetic testing	113
old man	113
ribosomal rna	113
electron transfer	113
naked dna	113
genome editing	113
mechanisms underlying	113
antiglobulin test	113
target proteins	113
two years	113
lung tissue	113
strand displacement	113
based vaccine	113
based dna	112
brain tissue	112
increased significantly	112
cells transfected	112
successfully used	112
knockout mice	112
expression profile	112
dna template	112
diagnostic methods	112
amplification method	112
age years	112
proinflammatory cytokines	112
dna probe	112
also reported	112
within days	112
cho cells	112
severe hepatitis	112
structural protein	112
interfering rna	112
antigen presenting	112
highly expressed	112
complex formation	112
patients showed	111
abdominal pain	111
rna sequencing	111
hbv replication	111
assay using	111
apoptotic cell	111
retrospective analysis	111
mm nacl	111
disease control	111
powerful tool	111
molecular recognition	111
obtained using	111
fractal dimension	111
clinical presentation	111
progenitor cells	110
carcinoma cells	110
shannon entropy	110
extremely rare	110
platelet activation	110
physical examination	110
virus vaccine	110
measles virus	110
diagnostic tools	110
blood centers	110
ionizing radiation	110
free dna	110
vaccine design	110
ion channels	110
newly synthesized	110
one study	110
protective effect	110
recombinant human	110
total dna	110
investigate whether	110
cmv dna	109
paraffin embedded	109
adaptive immunity	109
creative commons	109
per patient	109
several different	109
new therapeutic	109
different concentrations	109
synthetic dna	109
fully automated	109
oxidative damage	109
human cancer	109
cultured cells	109
coding sequences	109
expression vectors	109
immunized mice	109
analysed using	108
positive controls	108
data set	108
tested using	108
white blood	108
studies will	108
human breast	108
cgas sting	108
also demonstrated	108
one hundred	108
transcriptional regulation	107
free radical	107
recombinant vaccinia	107
expression profiling	107
molecular analysis	107
mitochondrial membrane	107
dna level	107
rational design	107
dna fragmentation	107
medical university	107
per day	107
dna molecule	107
pivotal role	107
therapeutic targets	107
metabolic syndrome	107
distress syndrome	107
viral vector	107
renal failure	107
sybr green	107
refractive index	107
infected individuals	107
van der	107
physiological conditions	107
dna copies	106
inflammatory cells	106
biological systems	106
blood cultures	106
promoter activity	106
recently reported	106
bacterial dna	106
dna double	106
high dose	106
microfluidic devices	106
possible role	106
nkt cells	106
whole exome	106
supplementary table	106
general hospital	106
chb patients	106
free survival	106
tested positive	105
donor selection	105
among patients	105
study shows	105
cardiovascular disease	105
antiviral response	105
age groups	105
expression analysis	105
dna using	105
heart disease	105
host species	105
single dose	105
tissue sections	105
yersinia pestis	105
respiratory disease	105
i molecules	105
coronary artery	105
therapeutic target	105
method using	105
lipid bilayers	105
antiviral agents	105
bacterial growth	105
intrinsically disordered	105
histocompatibility complex	104
extracellular traps	104
chemical synthesis	104
therapeutic strategies	104
often used	104
modifi ed	104
final concentration	104
i ii	104
immunohistochemical staining	104
vivo studies	104
standard curve	104
viral antigens	104
much lower	104
genome size	104
high expression	104
human igg	104
quantitative analysis	103
control cells	103
throughput screening	103
cellular functions	103
sequence similarity	103
multivariate analysis	103
life technologies	103
accession number	103
different species	103
cell development	103
blood service	103
internal control	103
biological functions	103
many cases	103
growth rate	103
differential expression	103
high quality	103
alternative splicing	103
pilot study	103
two independent	103
cell population	102
programmed cell	102
insect cells	102
environmental factors	102
bronchoalveolar lavage	102
mutation rates	102
upper respiratory	102
leaf curl	102
hla class	102
lower respiratory	102
kinase activity	102
light chain	102
pediatric patients	102
rhesus macaques	102
metal ions	102
virulence factors	102
rbc transfusion	102
highly efficient	102
drug design	101
specific antigen	101
positive bacteria	101
virus evolution	101
rna replication	101
low concentrations	101
drug administration	101
biomedical applications	101
base pair	101
cellular immunity	101
liver cancer	101
bacterial pathogens	101
specific pcr	101
functional analysis	101
lipid peroxidation	101
detection method	101
cohort study	100
shock proteins	100
bacterial species	100
may explain	100
uric acid	100
lentiviral vectors	100
red cross	100
strains isolated	100
infectious bronchitis	100
coding regions	100
also detected	100
viral hepatitis	100
complementary dna	100
tissue engineering	100
salmonella enterica	100
adhesion molecule	99
ascorbic acid	99
serial dilutions	99
three cases	99
nonhuman primates	99
nmr spectroscopy	99
week intermittent	99
diagnostic tool	99
thermal cycling	99
signalling pathways	99
high grade	99
blood groups	99
showed high	99
gastric cancer	99
immunocompromised patients	99
cellular proteins	99
directed mutagenesis	99
sequencing data	99
igg antibodies	99
monoclonal anti	98
renal cell	98
research institute	98
acute liver	98
reactive protein	98
restriction enzyme	98
immunohistochemical analysis	98
phylogenetic tree	98
first report	98
per unit	98
bladder cancer	98
optical tweezers	98
also tested	98
cell carcinomas	98
first case	98
copy numbers	98
blood volume	98
inflammasome activation	98
yellow fever	97
excision repair	97
rna aptamers	97
much less	97
normal range	97
density gradient	97
cancer progression	97
molecular techniques	97
copies per	97
guinea pigs	97
myeloid cells	97
adhesion molecules	97
point mutation	97
nonstructural protein	97
bacterial cells	97
study included	97
cell density	97
identified using	97
nanopore sequencing	97
dna immunization	97
oral administration	97
elevated levels	97
single stranded	97
four patients	97
host genome	97
cell clones	97
cmv infection	97
patients suffering	97
identifi ed	97
tumor size	96
large dna	96
cpg sites	96
protease inhibitors	96
university medical	96
chikungunya virus	96
direct detection	96
regulatory elements	96
severe disease	96
using pcr	96
dna concentration	96
superoxide dismutase	96
czech republic	96
samples using	96
genetically modified	96
pcr method	96
structural analysis	96
different time	96
raman spectroscopy	96
two weeks	96
time consuming	95
ulcerative colitis	95
stool samples	95
cell lysis	95
currently used	95
coupled receptors	95
linear regression	95
close proximity	95
blood sample	95
light microscopy	95
vaccine encoding	95
highly effective	95
infl uenza	95
epidemiological studies	95
fluorescence detection	95
angiotensin ii	95
five patients	95
natural products	95
extraction methods	95
expressing cells	95
magnetic nanoparticles	95
dna analysis	95
viruses may	95
platelet counts	95
specific detection	94
newcastle disease	94
helicobacter pylori	94
time quantitative	94
histological examination	94
salmonella typhimurium	94
control subjects	94
pulmonary disease	94
viral sequences	94
results demonstrated	94
recently developed	94
cell immune	94
cancer treatment	94
extracellular dna	94
low dose	94
platelet transfusion	94
sequence information	94
single cells	94
hyaluronic acid	94
blood culture	94
acid detection	94
persistent infection	94
leading cause	94
immune evasion	94
fatty liver	94
dose dependent	93
cells ml	93
polyethylene glycol	93
membrane vesicles	93
life sciences	93
study demonstrates	93
frequently used	93
double stranded	93
urine samples	93
sample size	93
negative controls	93
well plate	93
conventional pcr	93
also present	93
microscopic examination	93
methods used	93
substrate specificity	93
fat diet	93
control samples	93
treated patients	93
per well	93
many studies	92
new method	92
new zealand	92
play important	92
severe combined	92
national institutes	92
viral entry	92
colorectal carcinoma	92
mediated immunity	92
surface protein	92
million people	92
gene sequence	92
group ii	92
disease caused	92
biological function	92
human body	92
patients underwent	92
candidate genes	92
double strand	92
medical records	92
lysis buffer	92
expression systems	92
sample collection	91
fetal growth	91
medical history	91
rapid identification	91
green fluorescent	91
comparative analysis	91
rat model	91
high molecular	91
cardiovascular diseases	91
growth hormone	91
normal cells	91
cell therapy	91
expressed genes	91
virus isolation	91
coding genes	91
patients compared	91
using standard	91
using flow	91
major cause	91
secondary antibody	91
interferon regulatory	91
probably due	91
isolated using	91
recent developments	91
mitochondrial dysfunction	91
based biosensors	91
quality assurance	91
human cell	91
pattern recognition	91
tumor progression	91
glucocorticoid receptor	90
microarray analysis	90
buffy coat	90
induced dna	90
receptor expression	90
electrode surface	90
investigated using	90
cvid patients	90
one week	90
provide evidence	90
among different	90
might also	90
ionic strength	90
inhibitory effects	90
bacillus anthracis	90
six months	90
low grade	90
electrostatic interactions	90
novel therapeutic	90
com scientificreports	90
pathogen inactivation	90
high mortality	89
induced pluripotent	89
tract infection	89
infl uence	89
cellular senescence	89
study revealed	89
many viruses	89
calculated using	89
well understood	89
usa introduction	89
epidermal growth	89
resonance imaging	89
liver tissue	89
image analysis	89
previously published	89
like protein	89
target molecules	89
binding domains	89
recurrent infections	89
microfluidic device	89
sequence identity	89
effective treatment	89
lipid membranes	89
per cell	89
coding rnas	89
functional groups	89
acute phase	89
genetic variants	89
rna aptamer	89
nuclear translocation	88
healthy control	88
protein structures	88
cmv promoter	88
herpes virus	88
recombinant viruses	88
inflammatory cytokine	88
targeted delivery	88
surface proteins	88
surface markers	88
bacillus subtilis	88
false positives	88
cancer stem	88
rna sequences	88
human lung	88
infection control	88
patient care	88
polyacrylamide gel	88
stop codon	88
quantitative rt	88
small size	88
rna world	88
heavy chain	88
fungal infections	88
human coronavirus	87
product quality	87
infections caused	87
thermal stability	87
protective immune	87
data showed	87
induced cell	87
molecular patterns	87
effector cells	87
proteins may	87
associated proteins	87
concentration range	87
treatment group	87
heart rate	87
replication cycle	87
amplification reaction	87
species identification	87
also evaluated	87
new class	87
recombinant adenovirus	87
three major	87
therapeutic applications	87
state university	87
significant association	86
nuclear antigen	86
based method	86
antibody screen	86
significant role	86
experimental conditions	86
transfusion practice	86
time period	86
cell disease	86
protein gene	86
clinical outcomes	86
serum hbv	86
cell epitope	86
mechanical properties	86
quantified using	86
prognostic factors	86
first trimester	86
local structures	86
phase iii	86
renal function	86
high incidence	86
randomly selected	86
mg day	86
ko mice	86
health effects	86
platelet function	86
systemic inflammation	86
studies show	85
translational modifications	85
high rate	85
medium containing	85
cells compared	85
mm edta	85
supplementary material	85
university school	85
antiviral drug	85
genome replication	85
genomic sequences	85
steady state	85
antimicrobial agents	85
rna extraction	85
clinical application	85
whole cell	85
machine learning	85
th cells	85
well characterized	85
blood transfusions	85
cellular responses	85
patients may	85
various types	85
two methods	85
second messenger	85
immune dysregulation	85
live cells	84
neoplastic cells	84
amniotic fluid	84
mass index	84
liver diseases	84
viral antigen	84
weight gain	84
plasma concentrations	84
blood glucose	84
north america	84
host dna	84
effi cient	84
master mix	84
confidence interval	84
wistar rats	84
rna recombination	84
first described	83
converting enzyme	83
cyclic gmp	83
fisher scientific	83
comet assay	83
estrogen receptor	83
cdna clones	83
findings indicate	83
hemorrhagic fever	83
months later	83
protease inhibitor	83
foreign dna	83
another example	83
using high	83
serine protease	83
human clinical	83
viral clearance	83
virus ns	83
cas system	83
molecular mass	83
amplifi cation	83
library preparation	83
previous work	83
physicochemical properties	83
inflammatory mediators	83
associated herpesvirus	83
vascular smooth	83
gene amplification	83
pulmonary function	83
manufacturing process	83
vivo gene	83
way anova	83
treated mice	82
human cancers	82
extracellular vesicle	82
allow us	82
syndrome virus	82
ang ii	82
study demonstrated	82
samples obtained	82
signalling pathway	82
done using	82
cd positive	82
significant effect	82
many years	82
associated molecular	82
cd cell	82
susceptibility testing	82
dna extracted	82
examination revealed	82
significantly improved	82
useful tool	82
murine model	82
high concentration	82
resistance mechanisms	82
adaptor protein	82
model systems	82
nucleotide polymorphism	82
dynamic light	82
factors associated	82
interfering rnas	82
ns protein	82
digital pcr	82
animal species	82
using real	81
stimulating factor	81
translation initiation	81
pathogen reduction	81
th week	81
physical properties	81
proteomic analysis	81
will require	81
additional file	81
uv light	81
target sequences	81
environmental samples	81
transfusion therapy	81
results will	81
turkey objective	81
ns ns	81
largely unknown	81
hcv core	81
first study	81
fluorescence signal	81
also investigated	81
derived exosomes	81
microfluidic systems	81
hydrogen bonding	81
sindbis virus	81
like virus	81
clinical disease	81
potential use	81
successfully applied	81
prognostic factor	81
rna binding	81
noncoding rna	81
mm mgcl	81
medical school	80
tertiary structure	80
one single	80
foreign gene	80
developed using	80
time donors	80
chronic hbv	80
protein degradation	80
iron deficiency	80
maternal plasma	80
protein kinases	80
pcr system	80
assays using	80
culture system	80
acute lung	80
structural features	80
phase peptide	80
specific gene	80
i ifns	80
positive result	80
protective efficacy	80
still unclear	80
transcriptional activation	80
controlled trial	80
fetal dna	80
studies indicate	80
metabolic pathways	80
fully understood	80
newborn screening	79
control mice	79
lactate dehydrogenase	79
salivary gland	79
van een	79
single strand	79
next step	79
six patients	79
vaccine vector	79
bat species	79
samples tested	79
serum igg	79
natural history	79
least three	79
new generation	79
will present	79
somatic cells	79
different mechanisms	79
melanoma cells	79
laboratory tests	79
nad levels	79
cpg motifs	79
hemolytic anemia	79
patients diagnosed	79
adenovirus vectors	79
female donors	79
influenza vaccines	79
achieved using	79
novel approach	79
provide new	79
three months	79
type mice	79
group system	79
lamp reaction	79
zoster virus	79
data storage	79
resistance gene	79
trauma patients	79
transcriptional activity	79
protein content	79
studied using	78
also identified	78
autosomal dominant	78
blood plasma	78
skin lesions	78
highly selective	78
dna load	78
cell subsets	78
recipient cells	78
research center	78
viral capsid	78
human monocytes	78
sle patients	78
located within	78
based approach	78
human adenoviruses	78
sequence homology	78
sialic acid	78
oligonucleotide probes	78
antiviral treatment	78
recently described	78
also called	78
may influence	78
transfusion reaction	78
cell entry	78
current status	78
three years	78
based gene	78
large amount	78
transgenic mouse	78
related genes	78
virus genomes	78
multidrug resistance	78
amyloid fibrils	78
novel method	78
simian virus	78
long noncoding	78
specifi city	78
san diego	78
acid composition	78
cells per	78
recombinant dna	77
bacterial cell	77
buffered saline	77
may induce	77
gives rise	77
solid support	77
purified using	77
human respiratory	77
free detection	77
spleen cells	77
compared using	77
subcellular localization	77
mitochondrial function	77
aqueous solution	77
i will	77
normalized shannon	77
cellular rna	77
horseradish peroxidase	77
nude mice	77
voluntary blood	77
virus discovery	77
two proteins	77
protein coding	77
health problem	77
extraction method	77
promising results	77
ros production	77
humoral immunity	77
culture conditions	77
negative patients	77
fluorescence resonance	77
human embryonic	77
capture probe	77
body fluids	77
derived extracellular	77
human skin	77
clinical laboratory	77
massive transfusion	76
weeks gestation	76
liver cells	76
specific genes	76
diabetic patients	76
great interest	76
tandem mass	76
lower levels	76
molecular cloning	76
several years	76
reported cases	76
surface receptors	76
also significantly	76
significantly correlated	76
young children	76
comparative study	76
higher risk	76
analytical sensitivity	76
higher sensitivity	76
ic values	76
es cells	76
host disease	76
culture supernatants	76
living organisms	76
donate blood	76
human primates	76
one another	76
hospital stay	76
ribosomal frameshifting	76
methylene blue	76
virus vectors	76
molecular characterization	76
western blots	76
fluorescence spectroscopy	76
kinase inhibitor	76
dimensional structure	76
immunodeficient mice	76
solid tumors	76
vaccine strain	76
repetitive sequences	76
high density	75
previously demonstrated	75
randomized controlled	75
safe blood	75
mechanisms involved	75
neuronal cells	75
yeast cells	75
using either	75
ef fi	75
ms patients	75
one hand	75
igm antibodies	75
coated magnetic	75
blood banking	75
different viruses	75
molecular diagnostic	75
liver damage	75
science foundation	75
nadph oxidase	75
showed similar	75
post infection	75
biological activities	75
drug targets	75
dna sensors	75
flow cytometer	75
cellular response	75
dna constructs	75
proliferative activity	75
fluorescently labeled	75
binding properties	75
may act	75
obtained results	75
treated animals	75
murine leukemia	75
cancer development	74
amplification methods	74
data support	74
critical illness	74
highly pathogenic	74
treg cells	74
clinical relevance	74
molecular beacon	74
scanning electron	74
splice site	74
noncoding rnas	74
antisense oligonucleotides	74
tissue factor	74
terminal repeat	74
natural infection	74
chronic infection	74
hemolytic transfusion	74
gene mutations	74
regulatory proteins	74
recently identified	74
capture probes	74
luciferase reporter	74
human viruses	74
polyclonal antibodies	74
antibodies specific	74
important factor	74
urinary bladder	74
vitro transcription	74
coat protein	74
within min	74
acid testing	74
two days	74
supplementary information	74
human airway	74
chinese hamster	74
flow rate	74
toxic effects	74
virus challenge	74
mice treated	74
interacting protein	74
colorimetric detection	74
investigated whether	74
functional genomics	74
silver nanoparticles	74
different proteins	74
gene promoter	74
van het	74
mrna level	74
bronchitis virus	74
host factors	74
genes associated	74
virus entry	74
small rnas	73
mammary gland	73
also studied	73
papillomavirus type	73
two decades	73
atp hydrolysis	73
data collection	73
three types	73
protein concentration	73
dna complex	73
gene targeting	73
near future	73
kidney disease	73
resistant staphylococcus	73
antibodies directed	73
biological properties	73
nucleoside analogues	73
years later	73
acute infection	73
mice infected	73
contains two	73
airway epithelia	73
synthetic peptide	73
positive selection	73
viral mrna	73
cell transplant	73
four groups	73
laboratory mice	73
target molecule	73
amplification techniques	73
will need	73
antibody identification	73
using specific	73
significant improvement	73
time course	73
global health	73
wide spectrum	73
animal studies	72
virus strains	72
association studies	72
studies demonstrated	72
receptor antagonist	72
deep sequencing	72
increasing concentrations	72
polyclonal antibody	72
folic acid	72
physical activity	72
coagulation factors	72
interferon response	72
double helix	72
pathological conditions	72
binding capacity	72
small amounts	72
average age	72
day post	72
showed increased	72
gene editing	72
donor screening	72
chemical properties	72
hpv infection	72
recognition receptors	72
beneficial effects	72
information regarding	72
compound heterozygous	72
negative regulator	72
inflammatory disease	72
normal tissues	72
significantly elevated	72
microbial communities	72
month period	72
adenovirus dna	72
hepatic encephalopathy	72
therapeutic effect	72
remains unknown	72
genomic sequence	72
net formation	72
results provide	72
positively correlated	72
receptor signaling	72
conditioned media	72
dna content	72
many patients	72
acquired pneumonia	72
data suggests	72
actin cytoskeleton	72
direct antiglobulin	72
structural studies	72
hours post	72
penton base	71
willebrand factor	71
bacterial strains	71
also developed	71
cell signaling	71
cells within	71
nuclear dna	71
method based	71
survival rates	71
see chapter	71
dependent protein	71
cell tumors	71
replication complex	71
gene function	71
laboratory animal	71
may allow	71
modified vaccinia	71
matrix protein	71
female patient	71
viral loads	71
past decade	71
control study	71
arachidonic acid	71
electrochemical dna	71
viral envelope	71
goat anti	71
potential target	71
systems biology	71
antiviral responses	71
also provide	71
ct scan	71
specific cell	71
environmental conditions	71
protein microarray	71
generated using	71
first reported	71
conditioned medium	71
surface charge	71
type iii	71
fl uorescence	71
signifi cant	71
allows us	71
well documented	71
dynamic range	71
potential applications	71
malignant transformation	71
cell lysate	71
enzyme immunoassay	71
competing interests	71
ml kg	71
proteasomal degradation	71
mouse hepatitis	71
malignant cells	71
i clinical	71
patients infected	71
cancer immunotherapy	71
false negative	71
months post	71
th day	71
last two	70
detection limits	70
fold lower	70
sequence comparison	70
bacterial genomes	70
higher concentrations	70
cell number	70
developed countries	70
candida albicans	70
genetic recombination	70
high cost	70
suppressor gene	70
adult mice	70
curve analysis	70
antibody levels	70
infection may	70
mast cell	70
fold change	70
veterinary medicine	70
emerging viruses	70
treatment groups	70
binding kinetics	70
tumor tissue	70
cytotoxic effects	70
high temperature	70
bact alert	70
experiments showed	70
diarrhea virus	70
cell apoptosis	70
response rate	70
relatively small	70
prion protein	70
negative correlation	70
dawley rats	70
mismatch repair	70
mean value	70
functional studies	70
particular interest	70
protective effects	70
increasing evidence	70
therapeutic approaches	70
sequencing technologies	70
recombinant virus	70
identifi cation	70
type ia	70
natural selection	70
safety profile	70
hsp inhibitors	70
lymphoid cells	70
terminal domains	70
mechanical ventilation	69
may reflect	69
intraepithelial neoplasia	69
mainly due	69
may facilitate	69
pcr reactions	69
ge healthcare	69
taq dna	69
within minutes	69
dependent dna	69
induce apoptosis	69
clinical development	69
preclinical studies	69
independent experiments	69
several genes	69
exogenous dna	69
three independent	69
experimental evidence	69
conventional methods	69
coupled receptor	69
study also	69
vaccine efficacy	69
common cause	69
scid mice	69
common ancestor	69
related proteins	69
may contain	69
adenovirus vector	69
surgical procedures	69
two samples	69
luciferase activity	69
using various	69
three days	69
cardiac hypertrophy	69
control animals	69
rhd gene	69
recombination events	69
stably expressing	69
like protease	69
based biosensor	69
therapeutic approach	69
unfolded protein	69
wt mice	69
study suggests	69
performance liquid	69
adverse event	69
common variable	69
adenosine deaminase	68
five years	68
significantly greater	68
results revealed	68
airway inflammation	68
promising approach	68
rapid diagnosis	68
higher expression	68
direct sequencing	68
liver tissues	68
vaccine production	68
recently shown	68
animal viruses	68
template dna	68
myeloid leukemia	68
alveolar macrophages	68
also determined	68
without affecting	68
respiratory pathogens	68
abo blood	68
hpv dna	68
reperfusion injury	68
routine use	68
modifi cation	68
medical research	68
human pathogens	68
additional studies	68
specific igg	68
short time	68
fluorescent signal	68
ankara university	68
male patient	68
also included	68
genetic code	68
donated blood	68
molecular markers	68
will discuss	68
log copies	68
bile acid	68
using primers	68
national university	68
coronavirus infection	68
starting point	68
dependent kinase	68
biomedical research	68
results suggested	68
colon carcinoma	68
one day	68
node metastases	68
also show	68
von willebrand	68
patients developed	68
specific protein	68
also able	67
molecular typing	67
small bowel	67
molecular beacons	67
study provides	67
basic research	67
cell damage	67
related diseases	67
also involved	67
oxide synthase	67
detection systems	67
primary immune	67
correlation coefficient	67
like cells	67
induces apoptosis	67
decreased expression	67
cell nucleus	67
ray crystallography	67
published data	67
shed light	67
diffuse large	67
differentially methylated	67
functional properties	67
cytometric analysis	67
well defined	67
host proteins	67
prognostic significance	67
lamp assay	67
breast carcinomas	67
buffy coats	67
poorly differentiated	67
pfu ml	67
european countries	67
cancer risk	67
screening test	67
lesser extent	67
umbilical vein	67