trigram

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trigram frequency
of ebola virus404
ebola virus disease225
the ebola virus187
ebola virus infection173
ebola virus glycoprotein160
as well as126
of the ebov116
of the ebola110
ebola hemorrhagic fever103
ebola and marburg102
of ebov gp100
vesicular stomatitis virus96
of marburg virus94
the presence of93
virus disease in88
democratic republic of85
due to the77
respiratory syndrome coronavirus77
for ebola virus76
the plasma membrane73
the role of70
vero e cells69
of the congo66
republic of the65
severe acute respiratory64
in west africa63
virus infection in63
the development of62
of the virus62
and marburg viruses62
the absence of61
the cell surface61
in this study60
against ebola virus60
acute respiratory syndrome59
in order to58
was used to57
middle east respiratory57
east respiratory syndrome56
in the absence55
based on the55
human immunodeficiency virus54
of the viral54
one of the54
the use of54
of ebola hemorrhagic54
the treatment of54
structure of the53
ebola virus vp53
type i ifn50
in the presence50
marburg hemorrhagic fever50
been shown to50
ebola virus in49
in sierra leone47
a number of47
analysis of the47
for h at47
ebola virus entry46
is essential for46
world health organization45
ebov gp pseudotyped45
the number of44
treatment of ebola44
at room temperature43
the ebov gp43
with ebola virus43
in nonhuman primates43
according to the41
the ability of41
hemorrhagic fever in41
of ebola and40
ebola haemorrhagic fever40
hepatitis c virus40
the course of40
the united states39
in ebola virus38
shown to be38
as previously described38
transcription and replication38
the context of37
of type i37
we found that37
the cells were37
in addition to37
the democratic republic37
it has been37
ebov and marv36
t cells were36
the efficacy of36
the risk of36
gp and gp36
the identification of36
the expression of35
for the treatment35
well as the35
in patients with34
in the context34
to ebola virus34
compared to the34
is required for33
cd t cells33
for min at33
were used to32
a total of32
to assess the32
in vitro and32
ebov infection in32
thermo fisher scientific31
the surface of31
in the democratic31
recombinant vesicular stomatitis31
lethal ebola virus31
has been shown31
vp and vp31
the importance of31
a role in31
the west african31
the ebov infection30
part of the30
nonhuman primates against30
is associated with30
and marburg virus30
such as the30
zaire ebola virus30
patients with ebola29
found to be29
on the cell29
the host cell29
republic of congo28
immunodeficiency virus type28
dependent rna polymerase28
in western africa28
to determine the28
of the host28
type i interferon28
of ebov and28
was added to28
of ebov infection27
the detection of27
a variety of27
the activity of27
geisbert et al27
that can be27
as compared to27
used for the27
and in vivo27
were transfected with27
is able to27
marburg and ebola27
the case of27
the viral envelope27
colored fruit bat26
npc domain c26
influenza a virus26
of the gp26
in the ebov26
vitro and in26
processing of the26
from ebola virus26
in the case26
has also been26
on the surface26
to ebov gp26
of the disease26
in humans and26
infected with ebov25
of the human25
the production of25
with ebov gp24
the effect of24
the onset of24
has not been24
by ebola virus24
the lack of24
the formation of24
of the most24
ebola virus and24
to ebov infection24
was used for23
the extent of23
were treated with23
most of the23
the effects of23
in the united23
of the nucleocapsid23
in contrast to23
have been shown23
role of the23
in our study23
for ebov gp23
as described previously23
associated with the23
cells were transfected23
have been developed23
in the viral23
samples were collected23
and ebola viruses23
in vero e23
viruses such as22
protects nonhuman primates22
members of the22
pathogenesis of ebola22
observed in the22
on the other22
the fact that22
cells were seeded22
each of the22
as shown in22
mcelroy et al22
entry and infection22
in rhesus macaques22
used as a22
the ebov genome22
a and b22
have been reported22
ebola virus gp22
ebov gp and22
characterization of the22
against a lethal22
role in the22
the present study21
in cell culture21
added to the21
gp on the21
virus entry requires21
found in the21
disease in guinea21
wide range of21
type i ifns21
ebov gp cl21
of patients with21
of zaire ebolavirus21
development of a21
there was no21
the ifn system20
outbreak of ebola20
appears to be20
detected in the20
the glycan cap20
entry mediated by20
cholesterol transporter niemann20
contribute to the20
some of the20
linked immunosorbent assay20
can be used20
to be the20
ebov gp is20
at h post20
against lethal ebola20
probability of introduction20
the structure of20
entry requires the20
were added to20
centers for disease20
of infectious diseases20
the other hand20
virus glycoprotein is20
host cell entry20
drnpc domain c20
the level of20
changes in the20
there is a20
in response to20
because of the20
an important role20
of the vsv20
high levels of20
the addition of20
in cynomolgus macaques20
cells were washed20
viral replication and20
to be a20
showed that the20
of severe acute20
mediated by the20
and nonhuman primates20
one or more20
fruit bat cells19
the probability of19
volchkov et al19
in combination with19
enclomiphene and zuclomiphene19
remains to be19
antiviral activity of19
hemorrhagic fever virus19
the generation of19
extent of fusion19
t cell responses19
the majority of19
not required for19
for the detection19
and sierra leone19
were obtained from19
by the ebola19
have been used19
and ebola virus19
has been reported19
a mouse model19
in which the19
the ability to19
a wide range19
in the current19
marburg virus disease19
hek t cells19
has been used18
disease control and18
to the plasma18
thought to be18
the spread of18
against the ebov18
gp and ebov18
associated with fatal18
of marburg hemorrhagic18
data not shown18
to the cell18
were found to18
were infected with18
ebola virus glycoproteins18
marburg virus infection18
the immune system18
important role in18
during the outbreak18
for disease control18
ebola virus replication18
in the plasma18
immune responses in18
the inhibition of18
was found to18
the cholesterol transporter18
been detected in18
was removed and18
activity of the18
replication and transcription18
analysis of ebola18
resulted in a18
be used to18
as described in17
against ebov infection17
case fatality rate17
may not be17
of the family17
the respiratory tract17
included in the17
assembly and budding17
is necessary for17
control and prevention17
the marburg virus17
suggest that the17
essential for ebola17
as a result17
balb c mice17
to that of17
indicating that the17
in the treatment17
west nile virus17
of middle east17
a single dose17
a human survivor17
haemorrhagic fever in17
transmission of ebola17
b and l17
differences in the17
of the protein17
for treatment of17
be due to17
of this study17
infection ebola virus17
protection against lethal17
are associated with17
gp pseudotyped hiv17
was carried out17
results suggest that17
proteolysis of the17
is thought to17
similar to the17
ebola virus challenge16
has been demonstrated16
respiratory syncytial virus16
it is possible16
marburg virus and16
pick c is16
tumor necrosis factor16
responsible for the16
min at room16
small molecule inhibitors16
and ebov gp16
from a human16
c is essential16
an moi of16
virus entry by16
outbreak in the16
antiviral activity against16
is responsible for16
used in the16
in terms of16
all of the16
protection against ebov16
is shown in16
interact with the16
of the patients16
the age of16
proteolytic processing of16
presence of the16
was determined by16
at least one16
it is not16
antisera and f16
a case of16
of filovirus infection16
there is no16
was shown to16
to bind to16
the family filoviridae16
of the immune16
live ebov neutralisation16
passive transfer of16
and stored at16
cd t cell16
an outbreak of16
of the ifn16
as described above16
have also been16
requires the cholesterol15
that of the15
course of the15
the envelope glycoprotein15
no competing interests15
elevated levels of15
during the course15
i ifn signaling15
the induction of15
in the philippines15
by flow cytometry15
of zaire ebola15
components of the15
safety and immunogenicity15
insight into the15
is one of15
dendritic cells and15
mechanism of action15
and immunogenicity of15
the pathogenesis of15
equine encephalitis virus15
is consistent with15
region of the15
the impact of15
been associated with15
during the west15
by ebola and15
similar to that15
the matrix protein15
in the development15
interfere with the15
was associated with15
a range of15
play a role15
the need for15
the binding site15
for detection of15
virus infection with15
the viral genome15
protection against ebola15
the potential to15
were observed in15
involved in the15
the gp subunit15
and in the15
cellular entry by15
a combination of15
protective efficacy of15
ebola virus is15
ebola virus transmission15
have been identified15
comparison of the15
disease in humans15
of the fusion14
the medium was14
of the epidemic14
emerging infectious diseases14
of proinflammatory cytokines14
diagnosis of ebola14
in guinea pigs14
and found that14
molecule inhibitors reveal14
response to the14
host immune response14
fetal bovine serum14
a dose of14
virus vp protein14
single amino acid14
is an important14
glycoproteins of ebola14
is critical for14
in the future14
cells were treated14
into host cells14
of influenza a14
the authors declare14
of the filovirus14
glycoprotein bound to14
extents of fusion14
the entry of14
high degree of14
u a u14
a u a14
demonstrated that the14
in the present14
evaluation of the14
their ability to14
the binding of14
added to each14
to each well14
of infected cells14
west african ebola14
shown in fig14
for marburg virus14
virus in the14
was detected in14
matrix protein vp14
of the three14
vaccine protects nonhuman14
we show that14
is possible that14
west african outbreak14
disease in the14
incubated for h14
inhibitors reveal niemann14
the three areas14
is composed of14
outbreak in west14
shown in figure14
the viral rna14
of the cell14
may be a14
of up to14
viral hemorrhagic fever14
and incubated at14
rift valley fever14
in south korea14
and target cells14
the recent outbreak14
emerging and re14
supplementary figure s14
obtained from the14
was detected by14
lethal dose of14
the filoviridae family14
fusion of the13
for the development13
the evolution of13
and it is13
be used as13
the possibility of13
are thought to13
of ebov in13
of guinea pigs13
and marburg hemorrhagic13
it is likely13
equine antisera and13
jui government hospital13
ebola virus outbreak13
in the ebola13
at the same13
antibodies to ebola13
the end of13
antibodies against ebov13
cell entry of13
sign and dc13
replication of the13
with or without13
crystal structure of13
the a u13
could not be13
the ebov glycoprotein13
prior to the13
of nonhuman primates13
of viral rna13
the discovery of13
for host cell13
increasing or decreasing13
the finding that13
the transmembrane domain13
on the plasma13
african green monkey13
cells were infected13
in the lungs13
is involved in13
disseminated intravascular coagulation13
due to their13
of viral replication13
innate and adaptive13
amino acid residues13
disease in west13
it is important13
highly pathogenic avian13
guinea pigs and13
the selection of13
were determined by13
that ebov gp13
this work was13
of enveloped viruses13
after the onset13
can also be13
the receptor binding13
emergence of zaire13
into the host13
the outbreak in13
to account for13
ebov infection and13
case fatality rates13
of a novel13
in the mouse13
by a single13
of experimental ebola13
fever in cynomolgus13
in evd patients13
the time of13
entry of ebola13
the host immune13
both ebov and13
lake victoria marburgvirus13
were incubated with13
fatality rate of13
patients with severe13
associated with an13
be able to13
to evaluate the13
luciferase reporter gene13
the function of13
at least in13
the determination of13
lethal ebov infection13
the replication of13
resulted in the13
fda approved drugs13
type i interferons13
member of the12
the potential of12
cleaved ebov gp12
and characterization of12
gp pseudotyped vsv12
depending on the12
were carried out12
ebov gp on12
simian immunodeficiency virus12
huang et al12
the basis of12
a series of12
necessary for infection12
this study was12
the in vitro12
are important for12
this is a12
were able to12
were collected and12
large number of12
pseudotyped virus neutralisation12
the levels of12
associated with a12
regions of the12
efficacy of remdesivir12
factors that influence12
a panel of12
during the recent12
were seeded in12
om and esom12
are required for12
clomiphene and toremifene12
for use in12
and endothelial cells12
in the field12
the gp gene12
h n virus12
of viral entry12
to public health12
personal protective equipment12
are able to12
increased risk of12
endosomal proteolysis of12
cytokines and chemokines12
been reported to12
the prevalence of12
innate immune responses12
the most potent12
polymerase chain reaction12
of gp and12
the middle east12
is likely that12
in a mouse12
inhibit ebola virus12
virus infection is12
in healthy adults12
venezuelan equine encephalitis12
creative commons license12
medium was replaced12
cleavage of gp12
adaptive immune responses12
glycoprotein is necessary12
the release of12
h n influenza12
pathogenic avian influenza12
and public health12
the world health12
of years of12
a case fatality12
glycoprotein by the12
viral fusion proteins12
based on a12
were generated by12
influenza a viruses12
cleavage of ebov12
virus can be12
are needed to12
were transferred to12
were performed in12
formation of the12
serial dilutions of12
during the first12
immune response to12
ebola virus infections12
from infected cells12
of ebola viruses12
of evd patients12
play an important12
to infection by12
national institutes of12
is important to12
the length of12
as seen in12
the endoplasmic reticulum12
it should be12
that it is12
the causative agent12
the type i12
followed by a12
have shown that12
with regard to12
ebola outbreak in12
caused by the12
to a lesser12
of public health12
the mechanism of12
marv and ebov12
virus glycoprotein by12
phase i clinical12
end of the12
the amount of12
between the two12
were purchased from12
in the same12
a single amino12
binding in the11
in african straw11
higher levels of11
dependent on the11
was expressed with11
and vlp entry11
activity against ebov11
the outbreak of11
infection is associated11
the activation of11
is mediated by11
after the first11
derived from the11
the first time11
it is also11
patients with evd11
a review of11
at the plasma11
of pseudotyped virus11
institutes of health11
years of epidemiological11
infection in the11
of mg kg11
pick c small11
specific for the11
gp is cleaved11
used in this11
suggests that the11
entry into the11
ebov infection is11
of monoclonal antibodies11
compared with pbs11
and h n11
internal fusion loop11
at the time11
a compendium of11
assessment of the11
the ebov is11
of human immunodeficiency11
advanced ebola virus11
and laboratory studies11
transmission during the11
entry driven by11
hepatitis b virus11
multiple sequence alignment11
in insect cells11
terminal heptad repeat11
were found in11
a broad range11
and cd t11
g for min11
egyptian fruit bats11
in the golgi11
virion glycoproteins of11
a lethal dose11
and gp i11
avian influenza virus11
a result of11
interactions with the11
reported to be11
the possibility that11
glycan cap and11
infected with the11
of host immune11
located in the11
all animals were11
the low ph11
of the conserved11
the percentage of11
patients in the11
single dose of11
viral rna polymerase11
cellular entry of11
likely due to11
form of the11
the emergence of11
fecal samples were11
cells were then11
led to the11
viral life cycle11
ebov entry and11
or decreasing trend11
of a small11
food and drug11
cell lines were11
among the three11
clinical management of11
number of cases11
the site of11
the virus to11
is known to11
in the cytoplasm11
transfected with the11
were associated with11
pick type c11
ebov and mers11
binding of the11
ebola virus can11
was supported by11
compendium of years11
characterization of a11
in the early11
i and s11
during an outbreak11
broad range of11
simons et al11
show that the11
and huh cells11
to an antibody11
the gp of11
the antiviral activity11
patients infected with11
and neutralizing antibody11
were shown to11
the results of11
with pbs group11
was observed in11
of neutralizing antibodies11
h at room11
bind to ebov11
there was a11
of vesicular stomatitis11
in an outbreak11
proinflammatory cytokines and11
due to a11
the potential for11
to the ebov11
into the eu11
the gxxxg motif11
dendritic cells are11
of the different11
mouse model of11
in transfected cells11
cell lines and11
nature of the11
understanding of the11
assumed to be11
present in the11
h post transfection11
to determine whether11
the survival of11
vp is essential11
ebola virus nucleocapsid11
identification of a11
data indicate that11
the current study11
in rhesus monkeys11
the plates were11
a type i11
and mucin domain11
of rhesus macaques11
sanchez et al11
of remdesivir in11
in recent years11
with the ebov11
have demonstrated that11
there have been11
of these viruses11
are shown in11
e cells were10
direct contact with10
based on these10
motif in the10
expressing ebola virus10
signs of disease10
virus glycoprotein bound10
against ebov gp10
reid et al10
in human cells10
yellow fever virus10
an antibody from10
can be effectively10
early and sustained10
those of the10
immunoglobulin and mucin10
the application of10
viral spread in10
were used for10
length of the10
the effectiveness of10
inoculum was removed10
for binding to10
with a high10
carette et al10
cell immunoglobulin and10
in ebov infected10
the common marmoset10
of the zaire10
up to days10
marburg virus infections10
cathepsins b and10
final concentration of10
which is a10
the ebov lifecycle10
to the viral10
depends on the10
identification of the10
many of the10
animal models of10
are early and10
the ratio of10
filovirus entry into10
for the ebov10
we used the10
performed as described10
steps in the10
were performed using10
over the course10
months of the10
the fusion loop10
not yet been10
in the gp10
been observed in10
the vp protein10
monocytes and macrophages10
and use of10
the epidemic and10
of evd and10
role of vp10
antibody from a10
the genome of10
of filovirus entry10
work was supported10
like particles produced10
and interpretation of10
fusion induced by10
interpretation of data10
host immune responses10
in viral entry10
the existence of10
activation of the10
to filovirus infection10
persistence of ebola10
the mouse model10
as a potential10
and sustained targets10
was able to10
surface of the10
insights into the10
sexual transmission of10
to this end10
required for ebov10
were detected in10
when compared to10
for the first10
characterization of ebola10
on the basis10
was quantified using10
and vesicular stomatitis10
composed of a10
of the antibody10
it may be10
at an moi10
yang et al10
innate immunity and10
of advanced ebola10
appear to be10
furin cleavage site10
is not a10
of ph n10
of sars coronavirus10
in infected cells10
mutations in the10
low levels of10
the sites of10
been found to10
for membrane fusion10
and replication of10
in the late10
our understanding of10
the amino acid10
along with the10
we propose that10
of the year10
of the outbreak10
the observation that10
by interfering with10
leroy et al10
removal of the10
entry by ebola10
binding site of10
of the rna10
may result in10
green monkey kidney10
could be used10
for viral entry10
multiplicity of infection10
the time to10
contributed to the10
no evidence of10
is believed to10
virus infection by10
cases in the10
supernatants were harvested10
estimates of d10
been shown that10
successful treatment of10
by reverse transcription10
suggesting that the10
the persistence of10
an inhibitor of10
the viral glycoprotein10
valley fever virus10
from the same10
was obtained from10
the stability of10
risk factors for10
against ebola and10
was observed for10
ebola virus nucleoprotein10
humoral immune response10
these results suggest10
clomiphene and enclomiphene10
bound to an10
nonhuman primate model10
inhibition of the10
amino acid residue10
a concentration of10
a fraction of10
infection of rhesus10
and guinea pigs10
the tnc mutations10
none of the10
and drug administration10
the transmission of10
blood samples from10
dcs and macrophages10
marburg virus in10
is internalized into10
antibodies against ebola10
the size of10
vero e and10
of vp in10
seen in figure10
the viral life10
of the glycoprotein10
mev rpv pprv10
gp to the10
infection resulted in10
of at least10
ebola virus from10
of the evd10
a u and10
is the most10
of the risk10
ebov or marv10
a lethal challenge10
is a key10
is dependent on10
be considered as10
c small molecule10
morbidity and mortality10
virus entry and10
of the spike10
in central africa10
to be effective10
in the range9
early stages of9
consistent with the9
immunity and with9
with fetal bovine9
is important for9
absence of other9
the inoculum was9
of a single9
to provide a9
antibody responses against9
post disease onset9
were maintained in9
was detected using9
as determined by9
analysis and interpretation9
at the cell9
are known to9
binding domain of9
as part of9
inhibition of ebov9
functional characterization of9
cells were maintained9
ebov has been9
of the type9
virus infection ebola9
are based on9
strain of ebov9
derived dendritic cells9
was dependent on9
targets of infection9
infection in humans9
cathepsin b and9
peripheral blood mononuclear9
that had been9
the population coverage9
ibrahim et al9
mhc class i9
the proportion of9
has been described9
of therapeutic antisera9
of the two9
with the endosomal9
into the cytoplasm9
effector and target9
was based on9
to have a9
the external solution9
binding to the9
virus matrix protein9
proportion of the9
to interfere with9
sustained targets of9
the immune response9
the interaction of9
be important for9
is cleaved by9
and for the9
a h n9
the characterization of9
plasmacytoid dendritic cells9
a receptor for9
of infection in9
ebov infected mice9
spike protein of9
antibodies directed against9
ebola virus origin9
e and f9
the total number9
the equine antisera9
a high degree9
of sexual transmission9
in both the9
independent of ph9
infection with a9
causative agent of9
virus origin and9
h at rt9
related to the9
complete protection against9
weeks after the9
united states and9
conflicts of interest9
the h n9
models of ebola9
of the marburg9
been reported in9
is characterized by9
three of the9
dependent enhancement of9
with an aberrant9
in filovirus entry9
high viral load9
average number of9
by macropinocytosis and9
efficacy of the9
been used to9
approved by the9
a biosafety level9
and a u9
in the environment9
in the exporting9
in the host9
of human infection9
and incubated with9
class i fusion9
that dendritic cells9
a large number9
pathology of experimental9
prevention and control9
virus and the9
analysis was performed9
to reduce the9
released into the9
the exporting country9
h n and9
been used in9
incubation period of9
the need to9
a recent study9
neutralizing antibody responses9
aberrant innate immunity9
c and d9
size of the9
in animal models9
mediated restriction of9
infected with ebola9
prime boost vaccination9
in evd survivors9
and incubated for9
in nonendemic countries9
blood mononuclear cells9
and control of9
percentage of ebov9
in experimentally infected9
patients during the9
ebola vaccine in9
be explained by9
directed against the9
ebov gp to9
should be noted9
produced in insect9
e and huh9
likely to be9
be noted that9
evd outbreak in9
the quality of9
significant difference in9
with a recombinant9
days after the9
human ebov infection9
strand rna viruses9
conformational changes in9
against lethal challenge9
incorporated into virions9
authors declare no9
from the cell9
the range of9
of viral particles9
open reading frame9
treatment of ebov9
of ebov entry9
in t cells9
surveillance elucidates ebola9
ebov in vitro9
to interact with9
virus has been9
studies have demonstrated9
was used as9
ebov and other9
of host cell9
of the cases9
first months of9
mediated protection against9
ebov gp that9
of evd in9
virus infection of9
health care workers9
elucidates ebola virus9
role of type9
required for ebola9
is conceivable that9
have been found9
through transcriptional editing9
standard error of9
in some cases9
pi k akt9
cells by macropinocytosis9
factors such as9
are likely to9
mediated cell entry9
to inhibit the9
are not required9
and with massive9
in hela cells9
the ebov outbreak9
the advantage of9
outbreak in kikwit9
against ebov in9
we used a9
a lethal ebov9
marburg virus glycoprotein9
in a phase9
suggested that the9
the feasibility of9
it is conceivable9
activity against ebola9
we investigated the9
at or dpi9
liberia and sierra9
was confirmed by9
small animal model9
effector cells were9
gp or gp9
infection and vlp9
case of marburg9
the spike protein9
were stained with9
study was to9
has recently been9
innate immune response9
its ability to9
addition to the9
in agreement with9
the most promising9
of human infections9
cells infected with9
gp of ebola9
from convalescent patients9
was replaced by9
of the envelope9
a study of9
with massive lymphocyte9
the zaire ebov9
the design of9
were collected from9
ebola virus ebola9
selective estrogen receptor9
and transmission during9
van der waals9
for the identification9
was performed using9
were exposed to9
heptad repeat region9
that have been9
an aberrant innate9
the viral membrane9
colored fruit bats9
for ebov and9
origin and transmission9
in the past9
which has been9
trvlp infection and9
in accordance with9
massive lymphocyte apoptosis9
zaire ebolavirus and9
the most common9
the west africa9
genomic surveillance elucidates9
were unable to9
primates against ebola9
of the same9
interfering with the8
ranging from to8
evidence that dendritic8
and vp proteins8
results indicate that8
pcr in an8
epidemic and forward8
stages of infection8
neutralizing antibodies were8
as the main8
the internal fusion8
gp of the8
binding free energy8
been reported for8
plasma membrane and8
fever in zaire8
experimental infection of8
creative commons attribution8
that could be8
emerging viral pathogens8
half of the8
mice and guinea8
increasing amounts of8
that they are8
with a case8
kaletsky et al8
period of time8
of three independent8
of rna viruses8
change in the8
in comparison to8
mechanism by which8
receptor binding domain8
required for the8
a decrease in8
against infection with8
to be determined8
by incubation with8
hemorrhagic fever with8
postexposure protection of8
washed with pbs8
the human immunodeficiency8
between filoviruses and8
response in the8
gp in the8
bats as reservoirs8
similar to those8
the gps of8
nematode anticoagulant protein8
of equine antisera8
were incubated at8
is used as8
by using pseudotyped8
route of infection8
human dendritic cells8
was calculated as8
specificity of the8
of dendritic cells8
fruit bats as8
examination of the8
reservoirs of ebola8
has been detected8
spread in tetherin8
infection in rhesus8
in a dose8
neutralizing antibody titers8
gene inhibition assay8
the incubation period8
in vivo studies8
of cell surface8
the contribution of8
during the early8
to be used8
filoviral hemorrhagic fever8
and forward projections8
the sensitivity of8
side of the8
and lassa viruses8
cells are early8
and in trans8
been isolated from8
a critical role8
discovery to vaccine8
time to clinical8
the cathepsin b8
the creative commons8
marburg haemorrhagic fever8
onset of symptoms8
used to assess8
sierra leone and8
a member of8
anticoagulant protein c8
of the respective8
acute respiratory distress8
to target cells8
respiratory distress syndrome8
disease outbreak in8
and technical committee8
the ebov in8
fever virus infection8
in more detail8
sequence analysis of8
passive microfluidic cartridge8
u and a8
transported to the8
a lesser extent8
cloned into the8
gp pseudotyped virus8
for patients with8
infection by a8
leading to the8
as discussed below8
human asymptomatic ebola8
us department of8
with the gp8
effect on the8
in cell cultures8
to compare the8
that the ebov8
tetherin antagonism by8
from discovery to8
initial viral load8
cleave ebov gp8
of less than8
on vero e8
of the filoviridae8
shedding of the8
for ebov infection8
murine leukemia virus8
and activation of8
huh cells were8
yet to be8
with the viral8
the genomes of8
it is unclear8
transmission of ebov8
postexposure protection against8
outbreaks of ebola8
the influenza virus8
ebolavirus and marburgvirus8
lethal challenge with8
the virus was8
of viral hemorrhagic8
or dpi with8
from filovirus disease8
in the spleen8
vp and gp8
the capacity of8
influenza a h8
and evaluation of8
replication in cell8
of filoviruses in8
entry of the8
of marburg and8
particles produced in8
protect nonhuman primates8
in a co8
host cell cytoplasm8
of health and8
sign and l8
at a final8
filovirus cell entry8
the live ebov8
was performed in8
in this work8
the extents of8
nonhuman primates with8
cov and ebov8
taylor et al8
cells in the8
african evd outbreak8
factor viia tissue8
error bars indicate8
endosomal cysteine proteases8
molecular dynamics simulations8
is not essential8
of fusion by8
by ebov gp8
attributed to the8
after ebov infection8
of personal protective8
sodium dodecyl sulfate8
stages of the8
than that of8
ebov infection of8
the specificity of8
have been described8
virus envelope glycoprotein8
in cis and8
humoral and cellular8
this article is8
of the gxxxg8
rapid diagnosis of8
the viral protein8
ebola virus during8
mutation of the8
mediated by ebov8
kindly provided by8
folate receptor alpha8
functional analysis of8
fatal and nonfatal8
reporter gene inhibition8
in the vlp8
gp contains a8
relative to the8
amino acid sequences8
avian influenza a8
as reservoirs of8
to the development8
fever ebola virus8
described in the8
isolated from the8
on ebov gp8
mouse model for8
rna secondary structures8
and the cells8
for zaire ebolavirus8
the average number8
log tcid ml8
are composed of8
are available from8
supplemented with fetal8
by the ebov8
in the npc8
have not been8
cells treated with8
in the pathogenesis8
estrogen receptor modulators8
protection from ebola8
and dendritic cells8
recombinant nematode anticoagulant8
fatal zaire ebola8
in a previous8
lethal ebov challenge8
have been detected8
in semen of8
ebov replication in8
w a mutant8
humans and nonhuman8
h n challenge8
human fatal zaire8
were inoculated with8
and assessment of8
least in part8
phase i studies8
with an average8
in a small8
referred to as8
found that a8
sudan ebola virus8
at least two8
by marburg and8
with bodily fluids8
is due to8
clinical signs of8
found that the8
in figure a8
for ebola and8
cis and in8
vaccine for ebola8
in saudi arabia8
vaccine expressing ebola8
in zone b8
to study the8
congo hemorrhagic fever8
detection of antibodies8
is a receptor8
be associated with8
imported case of8
which can be8
with a lethal8
by western blot8
identified as the8
evd patients in8
cells were incubated8
had no effect8
identified in the8
the prevention of8
nucleic acid amplification8
impact on the8
an outbreak setting8
carried out in8
for gp i8
at the level8
assembly of the8
not be a8
cytokine and chemokine8
experimental ebola virus8
that does not8
a reduction in8
ebov in a8
international scientific and8
viral fusion protein8
of ebov during8
viia tissue factor8
of toremifene citrate8
is the first8
viral data sets8
of the experiment8
of the model8
the filovirus family8
for the production8
although it is8
that in the8
scientific and technical8
contact with bodily8
vaccines have been8
the introduction of8
treated with thermolysin8
gp and furin8
component of the8
ifn signaling in8
mice from lethal8
in the endoplasmic8
total number of8
amino acid changes8
to calculate the8
in exporting country8
of the trailer8
infection in a8
residues in the8
c mice were8
as a host8
three independent experiments8
for virus entry8
as measured by8
the endosomal membrane8
be sufficient to8
copies of ebov8
may have a8
to minimize the8
in mice and8
generation of therapeutic8
dose of mg8
fusion mediated by8
to the eu8
is not required8
stranded rna viruses8
form of gp8
the transcription and8
a final concentration8
the human ebov8
is based on8
risk of human8
no effect on8
no significant difference8
a mtd of8
wt and mutant7
ebov entry into7
removed from the7
the nhp model7
approved drugs for7
virus circulation in7
rhesus macaques infected7
a ctl vaccine7
outbreak of evd7
the virion glycoproteins7
the recovery process7
as a function7
congo basin mpxv7
properties of the7
were then incubated7
collected during the7
virus enters host7
the acute phase7
absence of a7
therapeutic efficacy of7
multiple cell types7
as inhibitors of7
of introduction for7
of endosomal cathepsins7
in two reading7
and lake victoria7
the secretion of7
release of viral7
hafl or vsv7
human activated protein7
acquisition of data7
ebola virus rna7
plates were incubated7
of purifying selection7
epidemic in western7
the vesicular stomatitis7
marburg virus vp7
and at least7
based vaccine protects7
the united kingdom7
brass et al7
the raw product7
in a single7
using pseudotyped viruses7
and supplementary figure7
of cleaved gp7
recombinant inhibitor of7
were fixed with7
two of the7
shown that the7
during the recovery7
the past years7
as has been7
to counteract the7
the interaction between7
and adaptive immune7
maps and institutional7
are necessary for7
of the united7
cathepsin b inhibitor7
stability of the7
a consequence of7
study in rhesus7
we thank dr7
expression of the7
contact with infected7
has yet to7
for the virus7
essential for replication7
whether or not7
isolation of genetically7
higher than the7
gene expression in7
assays were performed7
the higher ah7
in the vsv7
ability of the7
for filovirus entry7
macrophages and dendritic7
was expressed in7
so as to7
could be a7
signs and symptoms7
to the cells7
performed in the7
ebola virus envelope7
been identified as7
the centers for7
expression of vp7
has been suggested7
the regulation of7
interacts with the7
low ph pulse7
from egyptian fruit7
steps of the7
an analysis of7
was isolated from7
virus and marburg7
after the second7
from lethal ebov7
of the drug7
host cells by7
resistant to ebov7
with a single7
available in the7
were regarded as7
of clomiphene and7
importance of the7
and vero e7
the congo basin7
an increase in7
to investigate whether7
are encoded in7
rhesus macaques with7
use of a7
study demonstrated that7
directional changes in7
predictor of outcome7
uyeki et al7
the current epidemic7
were conducted in7
in huh cells7
and development of7
was assumed to7
development of an7
the gp and7
of infection and7
amman et al7
did not affect7
outbreak setting and7
on these data7
the drug was7
from a single7
model of ebola7
virus disease outbreak7
as long as7
at a concentration7
genetically diverse marburg7
the first months7
the assembly of7
boosted and weeks7
sign mediate cellular7
inhibitor of factor7
compared to wt7
of fusion is7
t cells in7
data on the7
activated protein c7
of a new7
and other filoviruses7
and used for7
to test the7
interferon regulatory factor7
drafting or revising7
radoshitzky et al7
ebov gp by7
avian influenza viruses7
type lectins dc7
in place of7
of clomiphene citrate7
important for ebov7
needs to be7
virus during the7
viruses are encoded7
the same for7
safe and immunogenic7
of a human7
increase in the7
a small animal7
claims in published7
i interferon response7
using an anti7
to increase the7
were performed to7
on the viral7
specific cd t7
origin of the7
it was also7
to jurisdictional claims7
supported by the7
green fluorescent protein7
protection in the7
frames and are7
in one study7
of gp is7
of the mean7
mpxv infection resulted7
of hendra virus7
protection from lethal7
role in virus7
infection of macrophages7
essential for the7
is safe and7
used to infect7
enhancement of ebola7
primates from filovirus7
the european union7
receptor for zaire7
are responsible for7
was calculated by7
of antibodies to7
groups of mice7
recent outbreak of7
critical role in7
different strategies to7
cathepsins in entry7
cells were lysed7
for analysis of7
neutralizing monoclonal antibodies7
diverse marburg viruses7
catb and catl7
to address this7
which may be7
l and b7
by using the7
genome replication and7
aids reagent program7
a target for7
to confirm the7
replication in vitro7
analysis of human7
and functional characterization7
the ebov trailer7
such as hiv7
host range of7
patients with fatal7
vp protein of7
in the formation7
represent the mean7
prophylaxis protects nonhuman7
and the role7
species of ebola7
a rapid and7
prins et al7
of the study7
of ebolavirus infection7
in the respiratory7
amino acid change7
the golgi apparatus7
dronedarone and verapamil7
an intracellular receptor7
cd and cd7
controlled trial of7
in rhesus macaque7
can lead to7
not essential for7
in the form7
infected nonhuman primates7
and influenza a7
hemorrhagic fever by7
cells stably expressing7
ebolavirus and lake7
and cells were7
is difficult to7
have been associated7
ebola virus vaccines7
t cell activation7
an animal model7
was performed to7
and subjected to7
lower respiratory tract7
lead to the7
ebola viruses are7
monoclonal antibodies against7
the early stages7
encoded in two7
viral transcription and7
some of these7
or revising the7
of influenza virus7
the protective efficacy7
seems to be7
assessment of patient7
available from the7
there is also7
a highly conserved7
in influenza virus7
in scfv format7
revealed that the7
load as a7
only a few7
region of ebov7
required for viral7
for h in7
a negative control7
gxxxg motif in7
prevalence in bats7
two reading frames7
for public health7
by plaque assay7
of ebov fusion7
towner et al7
cynomolgus macaques with7
in infectious disease7
by confocal microscopy7
liver and spleen7
hartman et al7
viruses from egyptian7
by the gp7
roles in the7
a mutation in7
the ebov vp7
fever by reverse7
plasmids encoding the7
treated with remdesivir7
envelope glycoprotein gp7
on day and7
severe ebola virus7
were subjected to7
the virus in7
a novel coronavirus7
cathepsin l and7
neutral with regard7
molecular dynamics simulation7
the african straw7
exposure to the7
a sucrose cushion7
ebov outbreak in7
may play a7
version of this7
np and vp7
with monoclonal antibodies7
human ebola virus7
activity of a7
of approved drugs7
be related to7
experimental inoculation of7
during ebov infection7
were reported in7
the public health7
postexposure antibody prophylaxis7
the utility of7
for the selection7
collected from the7
mediate cellular entry7
in entry mediated7
h n ha7
for the determination7
and the gp7
outbreak of marburg7
at neutral ph7
found to have7
acute phase of7
humans infected with7
the same time7
immunity to ad7
shown in table7
was performed by7
and analyzed by7
to be an7
of viral infection7
common features pharmacophore7
the management of7
leung et al7
virus in cis7
been implicated in7
identification of receptor7
able to inhibit7
expressing ebov gp7
the sierra leone7
are expressed through7
expression on dcs7
in host cells7
with plasmids encoding7
has not yet7
be required to7
ebov gp in7
in published maps7
figure a and7
and supplementary fig7
owing to the7
development of new7
west african countries7
a luciferase reporter7
viruses ebola virus7
treatment was given7
a host cell7
short stretches of7
to generate a7
endosomal cathepsins in7
and institutional affiliations7
avian a subtypes7
exposure treatment of7
the evd patients7
the patients were7
as a predictor7
recombinant human activated7
genbank accession no7
are susceptible to7
was incubated with7
our proposed epitope7
given in table7
and tumor necrosis7
these results demonstrate7
of the peptide7
setting and assessment7
existing immunity to7
a guinea pig7
ability to inhibit7
activities in cell7
results demonstrate that7
it is of7
secondary lymphoid tissues7
with marburg virus7
nature remains neutral7
targets of the7
virus prevalence in7
the virus from7
infection in mice7
institute of infectious7
the detection limit7
in africa and7
over the past7
chou and fasman7
were used as7
nns rna viruses7
been used for7
neutralizing antibody response7
influenza h n7
information regarding the7
virus disease ebola7
prediction of the7
to a single7
fecal samples from7
the ebov e7
viral entry into7
baize et al7
springer nature remains7
performed using the7
virus entry into7
into target cells7
should be addressed7
macaque model of7
cell signaling pathways7
in a similar7
to show the7
not lead to7
in protection against7
of the infected7
the us department7
the target cell7
national institute of7
disease in nonhuman7
in the model7
human influenza a7
three viral data7
antibody titers were7
in cell lysates7
published maps and7
that has been7
were analyzed for7
of macrophages and7
the glycoproteins of7
as a surrogate7
entry by using7
deficient cell lines7
use of the7
infectious disease epidemiology7
infection of the7
viral hemorrhagic fevers7
infection in an7
nonhuman primates from7
of immune responses7
used as an7
cells were grown7
public health response7
is an enveloped7
of filovirus disease7
of patient viral7
were grown in7
cell culture supernatant7
detection of viral7
of the viruses7
virus persistence in7
and immunogenic in7
viral load on7
role of endosomal7
infection results in7
remains neutral with7
mediated by a7
late endosomes and7
acts as a7
infected with a7
the lipid bilayer7
patient viral load7
ministry of health7
marburg viruses from7
human cases of7
host endosomal membranes7
virus and ebola7
a lethal ebola7
was performed as7
this is an7
ebov neutralisation assay7
african green monkeys7
antibody prophylaxis protects7
the form of7
infected cells were7
responses in ebola7
the first immunization7
ebola virus enters7
mice vaccinated with7
of h n7
neutralizing antibodies against7
that they have7
revising the article7
used to generate7
the viral nucleoprotein7
enters host cells7
inhibition of ebola7
in dendritic cells7
of branch lengths7
the study of7
of gp to7
culture supernatants were7
human a subtypes7
with the highest7
strategies to counteract7
domain of the7
indicate that the7
of the west7
of the influenza7
reading frames and7
could be due7
regard to jurisdictional7
animals infected with7
ebola virus proteins7
of t cells7
need to be7
a function of7
to counteract tetherin7
vesicular stomatitis viruses7
from the ncbi7
plasma concentrations of7
from the surface7
aspects of the7
plasma levels of7
has resulted in7
for the viral7
to investigate the7
in association with7
viral load in7
a surrogate for7
cell activation and7
humans and animals7
structural basis for7
a role for7
of ebov vp7
viral load as7
base of the7
clinical and laboratory7
the viral load7
expressed through transcriptional7
of small molecules7
from the ebov7
of genetically diverse7
as an ebola7
are resistant to7
using the same7
natural reservoir hosts7
amino acid sequence7
data from the7
of marv gp7
is caused by7
inhibitors of ebola7
to obtain the7
of ebov is7
primary human monocytes7
on day postexposure7
attenuated recombinant vaccine7
animals in the7
to nonhuman primates7
and are expressed7
hsnpc domain c7
determined by plaque7
rna in the7
increased vascular permeability7
analyses showed that7
a predictor of7
were collected at7
and yellow fever7
jurisdictional claims in7
gp is a7
with blood transfusions7
of the total7
results in a7
dependent protein kinase6
antibody response against6
absence of any6
mediated immune responses6
protective immunity against6
for transcription and6
estimated to be6
is inhibited by6
to the virus6
fact that the6
number of human6
of the data6
to be important6
blood samples were6
functions as a6
the crystal structure6
ebola virus makona6
direct effect of6
of convalescent plasma6
characterization of host6
at a dilution6
the ebov and6
gupta et al6
clinically approved drugs6
were mixed with6
the online version6
dependent inhibition of6
spread of the6
there are a6
the active metabolite6
glycoproteins and the6
for determination of6
sierra leone ebola6
shown in the6
wild great apes6
against ebolavirus challenge6
filovirus infection and6
interaction with the6
strong inflammatory response6
evaluation of a6
the availability of6
editing of the6
to viral spread6
virus challenge in6
infections in humans6
for antibodies to6
cell entry by6
risk of ebola6
ebola virus by6
management of ebola6
determined to be6
k akt mtor6
average weight loss6
monoclonal antibodies in6
guinea pigs were6
infection prevention and6
adjuvanted ebov vlps6
human b type6
ebola virus polymerase6
isomers of clomiphene6
of animal origin6
not statistically significant6
of endothelial cells6
cov and sars6
immune response in6
macaques with monoclonal6
the nucleocapsid proteins6
of cell signaling6
detected in a6
the kinetics of6
based ebola vaccine6
virus polymerase and6
broad antiviral activity6
analyses were performed6
infection and strong6
the case for6
common among the6
taxonomy of viruses6
for the two6
into cell lines6
were collected in6
protection against the6
t cells and6
transfusions from convalescent6
modulators inhibit ebola6
the eye and6
in hong kong6
humoral and cell6
monotherapy against lethal6
protects against lethal6
in different cell6
potently neutralizing antibody6
and marv are6
bovine serum albumin6
where it is6
bind to the6
authors declare that6
to endo h6
the national institute6
cell responses are6
the cell layer6
and its isomers6
to eu mss6
of marv vp6
and hepatitis c6
has been associated6
human embryonic kidney6
each well and6
host cells via6
juvenile rousettus aegyptiacus6
known to be6
it can be6
is antagonized by6
produced in natural6
experiments were performed6
the appearance of6
of the membrane6
stage of the6
by a potently6
and weeks later6
may be possible6
is no evidence6
due to its6
we performed a6
of factor viia6
and zika virus6
that clomiphene blocks6
glycoproteins of marburg6
susceptible to infection6
macropinocytosis in a6
is used to6
are directed against6
legal trade of6
relative importance of6
of the assay6
ri rna synthesis6
we focused on6
also have a6
in natural human6
endothelial cells are6
modifications of the6
dynamics of the6
type c disease6
is available for6
and in a6
the results from6
protein data bank6
no conflicts of6
the t cell6
was then used6
directly from the6
as described for6
the evd outbreak6
or marv gp6
persistence of phi6
on the day6
assessed by the6
and pathogenesis of6
for prediction of6
viruses into the6
survival in rhesus6
of the c6
cells were transduced6
viruses can be6
compared with the6
as there is6
t and vaccinia6
are given in6
the plate was6
binding to ebola6
dendritic cells in6
endogenous viral elements6
and a high6
therapeutic antisera for6
be needed to6
replication cycle of6
and verapamil inhibit6
of hemorrhagic fever6
and penicillin streptomycin6
to develop a6
the susceptibility of6
have previously been6
antiviral activity in6
and cellular immunity6
in humans infected6
periods of increased6
likely that the6
membrane fusion and6
assays have been6
its interaction with6
viral rna and6
of the predicted6
virus is edited6
positive selection in6
be attributed to6
associated with ebov6
of ebov was6