trigram

This is a table of type trigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

trigram frequency
feline infectious peritonitis850
infectious peritonitis virus331
of feline infectious288
of feline coronavirus123
the presence of109
feline enteric coronavirus99
pedersen et al86
transmissible gastroenteritis virus85
of feline coronaviruses82
cats with fip82
in this study79
the s protein74
the cells were69
with feline infectious69
of cats with68
peritonitis virus infection67
the pathogenesis of67
of the virus66
as well as66
pathogenesis of feline63
in cats with60
analysis of the60
the role of59
in the presence58
mouse hepatitis virus57
infected with fipv56
i and ii52
it has been51
in the s50
dependent enhancement of49
fipv and fecv48
in cell culture46
cats infected with45
of the feline45
type i fipv44
of the s44
in feline infectious43
the feline coronavirus43
data not shown42
one of the42
in order to41
of the fipv41
feline coronavirus infection40
the present study39
of fipv and39
the development of39
sequence analysis of39
of the viral38
virus infection in38
severe acute respiratory37
sequence of the37
end of the37
in peripheral blood36
acute respiratory syndrome36
of fipv infection36
infectious peritonitis in36
derived from the35
fcov c je35
pathogenesis of fip35
was added to34
was used to34
herrewegh et al34
mutations in the34
type ii fipv34
against feline infectious34
vennema et al34
takano et al34
hcq and rfifn34
type i and33
the number of33
to feline infectious33
feline enteric coronaviruses32
the s gene32
hohdatsu et al32
been shown to31
of the disease31
fecv and fipv31
in feline macrophages31
according to the31
of the cats30
chang et al30
of type i30
enteric coronavirus infection30
strains of feline29
has been shown29
has been reported29
involved in the28
at the time28
in the present28
tekes et al28
f i p28
the expression of28
feline coronavirus isolates28
based on the28
the replication of28
types i and28
cats with feline28
in the pathogenesis27
human cancer cells27
haijema et al27
human immunodeficiency virus27
were infected with27
role in the27
the spike protein26
protein of feline26
a number of26
associated with the26
and canine coronaviruses25
on the other25
the basis of25
i p v25
of the fcov25
enhancement of feline25
in crfk cells25
s protein of25
present in the25
kipar et al25
feline alveolar macrophages25
monocytes and macrophages24
the combination of24
the peplomer protein24
at an moi24
porcine transmissible gastroenteritis24
as shown in24
porcine respiratory coronavirus24
on the basis24
was determined by24
an moi of24
of veterinary medicine24
has not been23
the culture supernatant23
in the feces23
coronavirus spike protein23
fipv and fmhv23
to determine the23
of the infected23
endemic feline enteric23
the p mapk23
type i feline23
infection of cats23
feline coronavirus infections23
of the peplomer22
the mechanism of22
the other hand22
infectious peritonitis viruses22
added to the22
the absence of22
experimentally infected with22
were obtained from22
and feline infectious22
part of the22
for min at22
was obtained from22
a and b22
are involved in22
of infected cells22
were inoculated with22
the time of22
cells infected with22
differences in the22
obtained from the21
characterization of a21
an important role21
of the coronavirus21
from cats with21
for h at21
of p mapk21
shown in table21
due to the21
fipv type ii21
in the same21
the infected cells21
a review of21
mrna expression levels21
cell differentiation survival21
feline coronaviruses in21
are shown in21
and feline enteric20
infectious peritonitis and20
of the genome20
of type ii20
in vitro and20
found to be20
p mapk pathway20
the feline infectious20
to that of20
the lack of20
the production of20
and type ii20
the surface of19
infected with feline19
polymerase chain reaction19
important role in19
effusive form of19
and pathogenesis of19
of the e19
is associated with19
viruses arise by19
was supported by19
the c gene19
infected with the19
fipv type i19
of cats and19
by mutation from19
and stored at19
compared to the19
cells were washed19
at room temperature19
infectious peritonitis feline19
amino acid sequences19
mutation from endemic19
by feline infectious19
naturally occurring feline19
infectious bronchitis virus19
infection of feline19
the feces of19
the amino acid19
the orf a19
comparison of the19
provided by dr19
fcov n gene19
the majority of19
infected with a19
region of the19
detection of feline19
review of feline19
all of the18
immunodeficiency virus type18
from endemic feline18
feline immunodeficiency virus18
a total of18
feline coronavirus in18
with or without18
of hcq and18
in the culture18
arise by mutation18
appeared to be18
the s and18
feline coronavirus type18
peritonitis viruses arise18
the immune system18
the detection of18
ade of fipv18
of the cells18
the virus in18
fecvs and fipvs18
analysis of feline18
infection in feline18
the family coronaviridae18
respiratory syndrome coronavirus18
virus replication in18
orf a b18
and characterization of18
the fact that18
diagnosis of fip18
the existence of17
the sequence of17
coronavirus infection of17
of transmissible gastroenteritis17
differentiation survival factors17
in tissue culture17
expressed viral proteins17
the presence or17
the treatment of17
were used to17
tumor necrosis factor17
in contrast to17
on feline infectious17
structural and accessory17
fecv type ii17
presence or absence17
of feline enteric17
infectious peritonitis is17
addie et al17
in the c17
some of the17
responsible for the17
coronavirus infection in17
type i viruses17
in the feline17
peripheral blood monocytes17
or absence of17
coronavirus infections in17
role of the17
pedersen and floyd17
appear to be17
peripheral blood mononuclear17
was carried out17
amino acid sequence17
the s domain16
the fipv genome16
than that of16
of the p16
i feline coronavirus16
can be used16
cells were incubated16
were incubated with16
play an important16
a mixture of16
were grown in16
the results of16
have not been16
inoculated with fipv16
of this study16
is able to16
of a coronavirus16
detected in the16
the effect of16
the feline coronaviruses16
type ii strains16
the level of16
fetal calf serum16
antigenic relationship of16
ii feline coronavirus16
the effusive form16
recombinant vaccinia virus16
rottier et al16
were found to16
on the surface16
were used for16
and in vivo16
of the orf16
de groot et16
catus whole fetus16
feline coronaviruses with16
months of age16
with virulent fipv16
of feline macrophages16
has also been16
blood mononuclear cells15
of mouse hepatitis15
molecular biology of15
but not in15
and canine coronavirus15
used for the15
of viral rna15
shown to be15
appears to be15
of scfv f15
of the spike15
comparative sequence analysis15
neutrophil survival factors15
feline macrophages by15
depending on the15
peritonitis feline infectious15
of the fecv15
is involved in15
genomic rna sequence15
the virus was15
regions of the15
as described by15
an enteric coronavirus15
type ii feline15
diagnosis of feline15
of fip and15
antiviral activity of15
type ii viruses15
remains to be15
showed that the15
c for min15
the cats were15
protein of the15
used in the15
in the fipv15
feline coronavirus spike15
of naturally occurring15
inoculation with fipv15
virus isolated from15
felis catus whole15
to be a15
of fip is15
of the two15
of fip in15
feline leukemia virus15
the supernatant was15
relationship to feline15
peritonitis virus and15
serotype i fcovs15
feline peritoneal macrophages15
infection of macrophages15
and incubated at15
the ability of14
protein of fipv14
a role in14
in infected cells14
indirect fluorescent antibody14
and its relationship14
biology of coronaviruses14
development of fip14
was isolated from14
from the same14
the method of14
the genome of14
related to the14
the prevalence of14
its relationship to14
and fcov n14
to the fipv14
nucleotide sequence of14
of cats against14
were incubated at14
the virus titer14
x g for14
of these viruses14
of the gene14
antigenic relationship between14
studies of feline14
cats against feline14
form of fip14
cells were infected14
used in this14
infection in cats14
spike protein of14
infection and the14
p and p14
did not show14
from fip cats14
to human cancer14
was used as14
virus and its14
p mapk activation14
in fip cats14
supernatants were collected14
of the mabs14
type ii and14
serotype i fcov14
phylogenetic analysis of14
of viral proteins14
were added to14
feline aminopeptidase n14
that of the14
weiss and scott14
of human immunodeficiency14
in the case14
has been suggested14
mediated enhancement of14
feline coronaviruses and14
in vivo virulence14
in terms of14
crfk cells and14
a type i14
the n protein14
serotype ii fipv14
replication in monocytes14
and baff mrna14
fipv replication in13
infection correlates with13
the viral rna13
a feline enteric13
specific pathogen free13
pathogenicity studies of13
s domain of13
were maintained in13
cells in the13
with feline coronavirus13
resistance of feline13
replication in macrophages13
for the presence13
specificity of the13
of serotype i13
two related strains13
was observed in13
it can be13
dengue hemorrhagic fever13
characterization of the13
for min and13
mechanism of antibody13
replication in vitro13
for h in13
ltb or pge13
infected crfk cells13
the outcome of13
isolated from immunocompromised13
the genomic rna13
immunocompromised cats infected13
by monoclonal antibodies13
the virus to13
changes in the13
type culture collection13
the antiviral activity13
has been described13
viral replication in13
of feline peritoneal13
vitro and in13
and development of13
peplomer protein of13
the case of13
isolated from the13
peritoneal macrophages to13
shown in fig13
porcine epidemic diarrhea13
intrinsic resistance of13
human coronavirus e13
the molecular biology13
the identification of13
cats and its13
in the spike13
from immunocompromised cats13
the plasma membrane13
open reading frames13
replication in the13
members of the13
the fcov c13
been described for13
the course of13
immunization of cats13
ii fipv strain13
related strains of13
in healthy cats13
multiplicity of infection13
replication of feline13
in the supernatant13
infected cells were13
in the absence13
with a feline13
the importance of13
american type culture13
the effects of13
i and type13
shown in figure13
study on the13
relationship of the12
infection in vitro12
as described previously12
the cell surface12
in the gut12
to confirm the12
of the viruses12
the concentration of12
splenocytes cultured with12
have shown that12
crandell feline kidney12
hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus12
correlates with in12
occurring feline infectious12
and centrifuged at12
g for minutes12
fcov n genes12
peritonitis and feline12
attempted immunization of12
of virulent virus12
coronavirus infection and12
incidence of fip12
transcription unit of12
orf a and12
as described above12
between fipv and12
in the macrophages12
rna sequence of12
the occurrence of12
infectious peritonitis coronavirus12
strain of fipv12
the m protein12
was detected in12
were analyzed by12
activation of the12
thought to be12
of porcine transmissible12
the small intestine12
in apoptosis induction12
avirulent live virus12
type ii strain12
there is a12
sublethal amounts of12
of different biotypes12
the onset of12
was performed as12
prior to the12
molecular genetics of12
a member of12
with in vivo12
this work was12
of serotype ii12
of the family12
live virus or12
infection with fipv12
a b transcription12
a multiplicity of12
lin et al12
virus infection of12
peritonitis virus in12
of splenocytes cultured12
virus or sublethal12
b transcription unit12
the in vitro12
macrophages to coronavirus12
at a multiplicity12
as a result12
fipv and mab12
amounts of virulent12
found in the12
were cultured in12
the formation of12
the m gene12
is responsible for12
expression of the12
or sublethal amounts12
after inoculation with12
reported to be12
school of veterinary12
antiviral effects of12
coronavirus infection correlates12
deletions in the12
presence of the12
similar to that12
in addition to12
to coronavirus infection12
the relationship between12
the s proteins12
been suggested that12
serotype ii fcovs12
ii feline coronaviruses12
weeks of age12
unit of different12
peritonitis virus isolated12
regan et al12
during the pathogenesis12
genetics of feline12
there was no12
the molecular genetics12
in monocytes macrophages12
is determined by11
combination of these11
plasma drug concentrations11
to each other11
alveolar macrophages were11
located in the11
s proteins of11
used as a11
in response to11
the use of11
of the m11
the antigenic relationship11
were collected from11
to investigate the11
member of the11
the ability to11
were stained with11
a study on11
be responsible for11
viral rna was11
naturally infected cats11
determined by mutations11
have been described11
of the most11
the nucleocapsid protein11
licitra et al11
more likely to11
g for min11
in the field11
replication of fipv11
the incidence of11
the diagnosis of11
pfbm cells were11
form of feline11
the binding of11
tropism during the11
to coronaviruses of11
of circular tfo11
there is no11
cats that were11
kindly provided by11
risk factors for11
cats experimentally infected11
the s s11
differences between the11
such as the11
as a control11
between feline coronavirus11
kiss et al11
isolation of feline11
of the same11
have also been11
was performed on11
prevalence of feline11
acquisition of macrophage11
between the s11
with fipv strain11
between the two11
of ade of11
could not be11
a variety of11
dengue virus infection11
the specificity of11
in the development11
been reported to11
been reported that11
fipv infected cells11
pre post treatment11
diseased tissues of11
circular tfo rnas11
macrophage tropism during11
mabs in group11
th and th11
of the cat11
with a mixture11
by mutations in11
dewerchin et al11
work was supported11
the induction of11
strains of fipv11
mixture of fipv11
observed in the11
comparison with the11
experimental studies with11
fipv infection is11
of macrophage tropism11
and accessory genes11
genetic analysis of11
expressed viral antigens11
for h before11
ccv and tgev11
the appearance of11
we investigated the11
a cat with11
peritonitis is determined11
the reason for11
fetal bovine serum11
of types i11
the type ii11
not yet been11
and spf cats11
during fipv infection11
we investigated whether11
the sensitivity of11
fipv infection of11
of fipv in11
enhancement of dengue11
in the effusive11
have been shown11
fipv in the11
for feline infectious11
produced by feline11
and the role11
supported by the10
this study was10
were treated with10
the supernatant of10
fipv and tgev10
spf and fip10
of the assay10
supernatant of splenocytes10
coronaviruses to human10
type i virus10
were collected and10
new strains of10
was performed using10
in the cat10
proteins in the10
analyzed in terms10
of the infection10
domain of the10
epidemic diarrhea virus10
addie and jarrett10
of disease in10
pcr products were10
the slides were10
the viral spike10
upstream of the10
peripheral blood lymphocytes10
arch virol doi10
housekeeping gene gapdh10
effect of chloroquine10
performed as described10
experimental inoculation of10
to be the10
macrophages from the10
the circular tfo10
obtained from dr10
feline coronavirus strains10
cells were fixed10
structural proteins of10
in the study10
an equal volume10
infections in cats10
responses in cats10
s and m10
feline kidney cells10
of the cheetah10
from feline infectious10
inoculation of cats10
difference in the10
the antiviral effects10
stoddart and scott10
apoptosis induction in10
coronavirus type i10
was used for10
pedersen and boyle10
of fcov c10
inoculated with the10
times with pbs10
structure of the10
antibodies to the10
of the porcine10
feline coronavirus c10
quantitatively analyzed in10
that the virus10
programmed cell death10
mrna expression level10
using avirulent live10
a double recombination10
with that of10
induced p mapk10
monocytes from cats10
on the mechanism10
cell viability was10
of these drugs10
studies have shown10
h at c10
significantly higher than10
c t values10
in the upper10
form of the10
the structural proteins10
rna was isolated10
similar to the10
human coronaviruses to10
the housekeeping gene10
the differences in10
are known to10
orf b is10
the serotype ii10
be used to10
likely to be10
studies with three10
monoclonal antibodies to10
of fipv black10
poland et al10
culture supernatant of10
of f i10
and fip cats10
of orf b10
of monoclonal antibodies10
hr and hr10
combination of hcq10
pedersen and black10
igg a mabs10
central nervous system10
with three new10
by the manufacturer10
i fipv black10
baff mrna expression10
with fipv and10
by western blot10
to the virus10
it is not10
and transmissible gastroenteritis10
viral proteins in10
suggested that the10
under experimental conditions10
three new strains10
type i ifn10
and feline coronavirus10
the same cat10
to transmissible gastroenteritis10
final concentration of10
an update on10
type ii fcov10
evidence for the10
and analyzed by10
well as the10
as compared to10
compared to that10
to determine whether10
of murine coronavirus10
most of the10
plasma levels of10
of a cat9
previous studies have9
molecular weight of9
immunologic phenomena in9
were pretreated with9
than in that9
was not detected9
and immunologic aspects9
the active site9
lower than that9
these drugs strongly9
is required for9
terms of the9
feline coronaviruses from9
in medium containing9
groot et a9
the nucleotide sequence9
cleavage of the9
died of fip9
minimum essential medium9
treatment was started9
used as the9
virus titer in9
culture supernatant was9
the four related9
nature of the9
washed three times9
the type i9
to fipv infection9
gene encoding the9
expression levels in9
effects of the9
blood lymphocytes of9
propagated in cell9
the orf c9
been shown that9
c for s9
has been demonstrated9
lymphocytes of cats9
fip is a9
were found in9
two cats with9
the s subunit9
aspects of feline9
parts of the9
the b protein9
all of these9
of fipv strain9
in each well9
antibodies against feline9
of the other9
infected monocytes and9
the pre post9
c gene in9
the virus is9
been used to9
closely related to9
was found to9
of the relative9
n gene expression9
identified in the9
were removed by9
in that of9
linked immunosorbent assay9
the macrophages from9
the gastrointestinal tract9
originate from a9
between various feline9
pathogenic differences between9
for the detection9
protection against feline9
relationship between feline9
the possibility of9
fipv cl pro9
induction in peripheral9
for type i9
of the immune9
contribute to the9
circular tfo rna9
upper respiratory tract9
serotype ii feline9
followed by a9
induced feline infectious9
with ml of9
were incubated for9
peritonitis virus type9
phenomena in the9
three times with9
barlough and scott9
mesenteric lymph nodes9
disease in feline9
healthy cats and9
hepatitis virus strain9
antigenic relationships among9
infectious peritonitis among9
the ratio of9
in the molecular9
we found that9
changes and immunofluorescence9
tissues of cats9
with dengue hemorrhagic9
activation of p9
virologic and immunologic9
there was a9
immunologic aspects of9
were washed with9
of the fip9
university of california9
of severe acute9
serotype ii viruses9
recombination between feline9
the serotype i9
the upper respiratory9
neutralization and antibody9
the percentage of9
fipv and wt9
i and canine9
these results indicate9
with pbs and9
were determined by9
the clpro of9
enhancement of disease9
infectious peritonitis the9
were subjected to9
cellular immunity in9
and identification of9
were observed in9
with the virus9
viral spike protein9
were stored at9
of other species9
update on feline9
fip in cats9
are present in9
binding of the9
cells were inoculated9
were detected in9
in the pre9
cats suffering from9
u ml penicillin9
kipar and meli9
of the three9
studies on the9
from transmissible gastroenteritis9
cells were treated9
by reverse transcriptase9
and ii feline9
titer in the9
differences between various9
macrophages by monoclonal9
and fecv strain9
in domestic cats9
cells of the9
development of a9
into plasma cells9
in fipv infection9
play a role9
in cats experimentally9
have been identified9
cells were cultured9
be due to9
coronavirus c gene9
the viral genome9
peritonitis virus to9
of infection of9
that of fipv9
the reaction was9
sequence analyses of9
coronaviruses in peripheral8
coronavirus in a8
antigenically related to8
the causative agent8
peritonitis virus propagated8
of fip cats8
inflammatory cytokine production8
of these cells8
of coronavirus antibody8
sensitivity of the8
resident and adopted8
was present in8
of antiviral treatment8
was performed by8
h before inoculating8
survival and disease8
is supported by8
s s cleavage8
isolates from resident8
from resident and8
the form of8
reacted with the8
of these mabs8
from fecv by8
serotypes of fipv8
herpes simplex virus8
washed with pbs8
is known as8
activated protein kinase8
the gene encoding8
double recombination between8
result in the8
the oral route8
differentially expressed genes8
may be the8
recurrent feline coronavirus8
higher than in8
natural feline coronavirus8
of a virus8
peptides derived from8
cats inoculated with8
of viral antigens8
from cats infected8
adopted shelter cats8
the virus and8
tissue culture fluid8
it is possible8
relative density value8
tropism and pathogenicity8
the growth of8
it will be8
rna was extracted8
were quantitatively analyzed8
feline coronaviruses are8
against fipv in8
entry of feline8
infected cells by8
of the c8
to be determined8
a study of8
various feline coronavirus8
equal volume of8
nature and development8
human and animal8
in survival and8
cells were then8
in intestinal tropism8
based upon isolates8
ltb and pge8
majority of the8
strains of mhv8
of the type8
of a feline8
from the american8
the basis for8
increased levels of8
blood samples were8
gene in intestinal8
were examined for8
natural history of8
attributed to the8
of the species8
by macrophages in8
coronavirus type ii8
been implicated in8
a result of8
subsequent challenge with8
and cells were8
naturally infected with8
levels of ltb8
cells and the8
experimental feline infectious8
a combination of8
post treatment group8
the murine coronavirus8
each of the8
study was to8
of dengue virus8
and adopted shelter8
type i strains8
coronaviruses of other8
is shown in8
protein is a8
is caused by8
mutation in spike8
mg kg dose8
involvement of tnf8
respiratory tract and8
inoculating with fipv8
receptor feline aminopeptidase8
history of a8
between feline infectious8
fcov c li8
been associated with8
for viral replication8
of granulomatous lesions8
of the accessory8
results suggest that8
determined by the8
to the cell8
samples from cats8
from the ascites8
reason for this8
blood samples from8
fc y r8
and that the8
internal mutation theory8
and pathogenicity based8
have been reported8
analysis of a8
over the last8
and replication of8
for feline coronavirus8
were used as8
the regulation of8
monoclonal antibodies against8
the american type8
any of the8
is possible that8
treatment of fip8
the infected cats8
at the same8
led to the8
is likely to8
macrophages in cats8
it is also8
in the blood8
of human coronavirus8
able to detect8
the c protein8
a d e8
in the cheetah8
the adcml assay8
intestinal tropism and8
in a closed8
and to the8
with the fipv8
experimentally induced feline8
peritonitis among cats8
a recurrent feline8
of a type8
site and pathogenesis8
cultured in medium8
of cats suffering8
with pbs containing8
challenge with feline8
fip diagnosed cats8
c gene mutations8
pathogenicity based upon8
studies of naturally8
is thought to8
the e glycoprotein8
in spike protein8
murine hepatitis virus8
virology and immunopathogenesis8
of the host8
with canine coronavirus8
spike protein is8
upon isolates from8
organization of the8
virus to coronaviruses8
peritonitis pathogenicity studies8
to those of8
of crfk cells8
factors for feline8
of a recurrent8
alpha in apoptosis8
expression levels were8
viral rna in8
experimentally infected cats8
the b gene8
in which the8
college of veterinary8
pathologic changes and8
infectious peritonitis pathogenicity8
this time point8
of the four8
the fecv genome8
role of cellular8
cancer cells t8
and th epitopes8
that died of8
of cellular immunity8
in the small8
downstream of the8
that had been8
immunity in survival8
the dry form8
protein cleavage site8
be detected in8
fipv main protease8
small number of8
are associated with8
lesions in feline8
are required to8
of viral antigen8
contrast to the8
added to each8
experimental infection with8
were able to8
from two cats8
with type i8
cleavage site and8
of the amino8
the end of8
is mediated by8
that of cq8
the cultures were8
before inoculating with8
the relative density8
to fipv and8
amino acid residues8
spike protein cleavage8
we evaluated the8
that of splenocytes8
infection with the8
and subsequent challenge8
time of exposure8
amino acid substitutions8
monocyte cell line8
the endoplasmic reticulum8
rna in feces8
from a double8
nucleocapsid protein of8
of virus infection8
infection enhancement of8
was significantly higher8
wang et al8
group of cats7
cells were grown7
revealed that the7
in the serum7
persistence in healthy7
feline coronavirus persistence7
for this study7
to the same7
transcriptase polymerase chain7
virus titers were7
was centrifuged at7
hayashi et al7
this study were7
results indicate that7
half of the7
cloning and sequence7
may have been7
and human coronavirus7
cats were inoculated7
it may be7
disease of cats7
from a single7
characteristics of feline7
into two biotypes7
enteric coronavirus infections7
the progression of7
influenza a virus7
of coronaviruses the7
the fusion peptide7
ability of the7
forms of fip7
can also be7
infection in the7
field strain feline7
protein fusion peptide7
coronavirus associated with7
in orf b7
is known about7
h after inoculation7
sites of feline7
are able to7
from the atcc7
diverse disease manifestations7
persistence and transmission7
than in the7
at this time7
the activity of7
dye and siddell7
from the four7
an increase in7
grown in fcwf7
the serum of7
but it is7
studies in kittens7
it was shown7
ade of virus7
groot et al7
was removed and7
as few as7
protein genes of7
coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis7
may be important7
was provided by7
expression of viral7
suffering from feline7
m a b7
were involved in7
cd and cd7
natural type i7
fusion peptide and7
produced by macrophages7
t rna polymerase7
serotype i fipv7
was measured by7
hours post inoculation7
antigens on the7
by centrifugation at7
the susceptibility of7
ade activity of7
of a novel7
the internal mutation7
infection of the7
the e protein7
of the n7
geels and horzinek7
from the fipv7
fipv replication was7
macrophages were infected7
to enhance the7
in pfbm cells7
vennema et a7
inhibition of feline7
of antigenic sites7
each well of7
and these factors7
fipv antigen was7
were fixed in7
beta and il7
and used for7
foley et al7
the spike glycoprotein7
in monocytes from7
feline coronavirus antibody7
it remains to7
the fipv strains7
serotypes i and7
the infection of7
to evaluate the7
peritonitis virus replication7
and it is7
a feline coronavirus7
to have a7
possible involvement of7
infected pfbm cells7
within the same7
the survival rate7
there are no7
spike protein fusion7
associated with a7
by using the7
fipv or fmhv7
gc or npi7
of the combination7
infect and replicate7
and diseased tissues7
feline and canine7
also been reported7
cats that died7
genes that were7
it is unclear7
aminopeptidase n in7
gene of feline7
was grown in7
transmission of natural7
to the spike7
of the small7
viral rna and7
the igg a7
the growth curves7
persistence and evolution7
of the cell7
cells were removed7
the characteristics of7
growth of fipv7
of a h7
in feces and7
in a humidified7
by the method7
plates were incubated7
of effusive fip7
th tc epitopes7
infection studies in7
coronaviruses and the7
sequence identity of7
and phylogenetic analysis7
h post inoculation7
protein levels of7
culture supernatants were7
isolated from cats7
a simple method7
amino acid changes7
of the serotype7
were then washed7
were inoculated intraperitoneally7
comparisons with dengue7
of these cats7
sb or sc7
and transmission of7
mrna levels were7
a previous study7
identity of the7
of e in7
drug for fip7
primary structure of7
to the mrna7
to each well7
the medium was7
analysis was performed7
serum coronavirus antibody7
the amount of7
either sb or7
of naturally infected7
has shown that7
vogel et al7
a wide range7
for the diagnosis7
was noted in7
be involved in7
with neutralizing activity7
were shown to7
a group of7
development of granulomatous7
considered to be7
prevalence of types7
serologic studies of7
a concentration of7
a coronavirus from7
mrna of the7
occurring feline coronavirus7
whether or not7
was replaced by7
of gc or7
intact orf c7
pbmcs from fip7
the involvement of7
protect cats against7
was incubated at7
diversity of feline7
were resuspended in7
of the enteric7
from a cat7
related to transmissible7
virus type ii7
of coronavirus mutants7
orf c protein7
both serotypes of7
in some cats7
there have been7
which were pretreated7
the samples were7
in fip pathogenesis7
and fecv type7
golovko et al7
none of the7
increased vascular permeability7
clinical signs of7
and evolution of7
from healthy cats7
n in feline7
cats with naturally7
for minutes at7
been observed in7
referred to as7
in the a7
to the cells7
structural polypeptides of7
this has been7
fipv infection and7
those of the7
in vivo and7
believed to be7
in the cell7
associated with fip7
indicate that the7
is necessary to7
and in vitro7
coronavirus antibody in7
fipv receptor feline7
virus propagated in7
differences in virus7
suggesting that the7
and expression of7
the synthesis of7
levels of fipv7
susceptibility to feline7
control and infected7
the origin of7
pcr was performed7
these results suggest7
replication of coronaviruses7
feline coronavirus virulence7
avirulent feline infectious7
the fipv and7
coronavirus mutants in7
with diverse disease7
epitopes in the7
kennedy et al7
effect of the7
results of the7
expression of type7
in cats infected7
mediated by the7
the significance of7
coronavirus persistence in7
mice infected with7
activity of hcq7
virus in the7
and allowed to7
for determination of7
between and h7
macrophages infected with7
different time points7
supported by a7
susceptibility of the7
rees feline kidney7
seen in the7
pcr for the7
peptide and feline7
feline coronavirus rna7
for hr at7
and antigenic relationship7
the structural and7
ii and antigenic7
in pbmcs from7
fipv orf b7
cell line u7
upregulates expression of7
peritonitis in cats7
with the same7
strain of tgev7
for the treatment7
coronaviruses from two7
ii fipv receptor7
a closed cat7
assembly of the7
and orf b7
with an avirulent7
obtained from a7
of natural type7
balb c mice7
on the s7
responses to fipv7
human monocyte cell7
to protect cats7
from the s7
of these genes7
in spf cats7
age at the7
polypeptide specificity of7
p mapk by7
of fipv infectivity7
to study the7
transcriptome analysis of7
neutralizing activity against7
is critical for6
the fipv ku6
of an fipv6
of fipv wsu6
addition to the6
when compared to6
infectious peritonitis by6
after experimental infection6
infiltration of neutrophils6
by using a6
in most cases6
is an important6
divided into two6
virus of swine6
with disease in6
and biological diversity6
biological diversity of6
of a field6
plasma pge levels6
infectious peritonitis tnf6
cultured with medium6
probe energy transfer6
samples were collected6
from spf cats6
avian infectious bronchitis6
is characterized by6
fixed in absolute6
be detected by6
significance of coronavirus6
immunized with an6
at least one6
either one of6
with an equal6
concentration of il6
the last years6
neutralizing monoclonal antibodies6
reported that the6
in vivo efficacy6
reacted with ccv6
the new assay6
pyridinyl imidazole inhibitors6
protein of mr6
using reverse genetics6
the emergence of6
can be seen6
open reading frame6
of cells were6
as demonstrated by6
observed in cats6
tool for the6
the authors declare6
inhibited by hcq6
one of these6
the c t6
be attributed to6
dependent on the6
activity in feline6
the accessory proteins6
s gene of6
and ii in6
and antibodies in6
was investigated in6
has not yet6
cytokine production in6
show that the6
and experimentally infected6
gastroenteritis virus and6
were washed three6
targeted rna recombination6
infection by fipv6
was derived from6
included in the6
the numbers of6
it appears that6
is based on6
compared to those6
terminus of the6
u m a6
viral rna level6
i virus fusion6
d and fcwf6
the parental virus6
feline bone marrow6
is difficult to6
of cats in6
isolates from the6
h u m6
feline coronavirus genome6
method of takano6
significantly inhibited by6
were performed in6
were placed in6
was confirmed by6
in st cells6
natural resistance to6
that developed fip6
of the tfo6
of the mutations6
biology and pathogenesis6
alpha production by6
of clinical and6
the fipv orf6
can be detected6
of fecv infection6
cultured with or6
cells for a6
higher than those6
the faecal samples6
of the membrane6
have been detected6
the same time6
strongly decreased the6
is a member6
reverse transcriptase pcr6
medium containing chloroquine6
splenocytes derived from6
type i strain6
premature stop codons6
used to treat6
into granulomatous lesions6
cats in this6
the plates were6
cats in multiple6
fipv infection in6
listed in table6
e glycoprotein of6
of this cytokine6
of viruses in6
drugs strongly decreased6
were allowed to6
c in a6
the ec value6
production of tnf6
of clinical disease6
cases of feline6
of peripheral blood6
hybridoma cell line6
cells were used6
substitutions in the6
viral c gene6
this cell line6
a therapeutic drug6
as feline enteric6
inoculated with feline6
the activation of6
demonstrated that the6
was significantly inhibited6
peritoneal or pleural6
production of the6
domestic and wild6
the interaction of6
from each cat6
was comprised of6
of splenocytes derived6
the center for6
a small number6
of hcq in6
mean plasma levels6
the fcov n6
the region of6
based on these6
calculated using the6
mijnes et al6
virus and feline6
in the cells6
cytokine mrna levels6
as a therapeutic6
infected tissue culture6
fiscus and teramoto6
live fipv vaccine6
amino acids in6
coronavirus and subsequent6
not in the6
immune response in6
to the disease6
that the fipv6
cats with canine6
it is important6
of chloroquine on6
the natural host6
were analyzed using6
the filters were6
the none group6
in some cases6
lesions in the6
third of the6
vesicular stomatitis virus6
clpro of fipv6
as a consequence6
analyzed by western6
is present in6
min and then6
was shown to6
in monocytes and6
the th and6
peritonitis in a6
and neutralization of6
rna isolated from6
level of the6
enteric infection and6
what is the6
viruses and the6
an intact orf6
cats with diverse6
cells were maintained6
in their feces6
the hr region6
in various organs6
at h post6
involved in immune6
cats were housed6
cell monolayers were6
was also observed6
cytokine responses in6
in association with6
is also known6
of the recombinant6
and the nucleocapsid6
were fixed with6
at c for6
and epidemiology based6
the target cells6
difference between the6
the domestic cat6
has been proposed6
into feline coronavirus6
coronavirus spike proteins6
receptor for type6
thermo fisher scientific6
in viral rna6
associated with feline6
coronavirus rna in6
in the virus6
was associated with6
fipv and anti6
in the infected6
and animal coronaviruses6
and body fluids6
virus adsorption at6
inoculated with a6
in the viral6
to detect the6
have been used6
acid changes in6
the survival of6
s protein and6
of the pathogenesis6
relationships among homologous6
efficacy of a6
gene of porcine6
a fatal disease6
the fipv s6
characterization of monoclonal6
decreased the replication6
as determined by6
peritoneal and pleural6
the sites of6
has been observed6
the laboratory strain6
of the faecal6
which can be6
which have been6
crfk cells at6
a class i6
the target region6
evaluation of a6
throughout the body6
at a concentration6
transmissible gastroenteritis viruses6
of the protein6
that feline coronaviruses6
recombinant vaccinia viruses6
in the b6
spf cats of6
found that the6
the mutant virus6
enhancement of infection6
after fipv infection6
to the s6
the viral c6
the most severe6
mutants in feces6
after fipv inoculation6
the in vivo6
the two viruses6
wild type fipv6
the detection limit6
to elucidate the6
at different time6
resulting in a6
of neutrophil survival6
between fecv and6
of structural proteins6
level in the6
genes of the6
fipv replication and6
benetka et al6
feces and diseased6
and the supernatant6
classified into two6
of a temperature6
mrna for the6
of neutrophils into6
was shown that6
and its growth6
west nile virus6
the nature of6
did not neutralize6
inoculated intraperitoneally with6
derived feline mononuclear6
reason for the6
the fipv infection6
in macrophages from6
therapeutic drug for6
the infected monocytes6
shown that the6
the fip virus6
polypeptides of porcine6
infected cells and6
as previously described6
dedeurwaerder et al6
both fipv and6
feline coronavirus fipv6
outbreak of feline6
wide range of6
of orf a6
to this end6
m a n6
antiviral treatment was6
caused by the6
are listed in6
levels in the6
of progeny virus6
viruses in the6
of the felidae6
significant up regulation6
based on genetic6
containing fetal bovine6
field strains of6
s and s6
and serotype ii6
the cell culture6
intact c genes6
and the number6
survival rate of6
antigenic and biological6
deletions in orf6
the infiltration of6
further studies are6
virus in cats6
a receptor for6
four related cats6
replication was significantly6
type i fcov6
against the clpro6
after virus adsorption6
in blood samples6
of fipv infected6
and physical characteristics6
pathobiogenesis and epidemiology6
in the none6
this indicates that6
and stained with6
by hcq and6
envelope protein of6
fecv by mutation6
the envelope protein6
in macrophages and6
inhibit fipv replication6
to play an6
characteristics of the6
in the future6
against type i6
mouse igg a6
by western immunoblotting6
balint et al6
in the fecv6
by plaque assay6
bind to the6
h in the6
endothelial growth factor6
intracellular transport of6
the monolayers were6
suggest that the6
its growth in6
tgev and ccv6
viral replication and6
incubation period of6
different regions of6
was calculated using6
to identify the6
evolution of feline6
was applied to6
translation of the6
proteins of fipv6
supernatant was collected6
the peplomer gene6
insights into feline6
to the culture6
feline coronavirus pathobiogenesis6
of bovine coronavirus6
hcq in cats6
infected cats by6
with experimentally induced6
evaluated the antiviral6
crfk cells were6
the crfk cells6
results of this6
of viral replication6
the concentrations of6
and the virus6
of this virus6
study of naturally6
an overview of6
a type ii6
of the different6
is similar to6
amplification of cdna6
antigen positive cells6
associated with an6
transcriptional profiling of6
were present in6
resulted in a6
characterization of feline6
moore et al6
of a porcine6
antibody analysis of6
belongs to the6
a and orf6
n genes were6
were measured by6
increased plasma levels6
and in the6
a temperature sensitive6
cats that developed6
the efficiency of6
of clinical signs6
of neutralization and6
in vitro growth6
nsc and nsc6
physical characteristics of6
density value to6
and release of6
cov and sars6
morphologic and physical6
feline mononuclear cells6
of the fusion6
were collected at6
studies are required6
in view of6
infectious peritonitis cases6
membrane and nucleocapsid6
clinical and pathological6
was extracted from6
binding to the6
the biology of6
at an m6
transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus6
class i virus6
to manipulate the6
on genetic analysis6
infection of monocytes6
cats in the6
were carried out6
m protein of6
fipv and ccv6
cats with histopathologically6
with those of6
epidemiology based on6
for the housekeeping6
value to the6
did not significantly6
we showed that6
a recombinant vaccinia6
analysis of neutralization6
and culture supernatants6
the immune response6
that the cheetah6
canine coronavirus and6
in accordance with6
and has been6
weight of the6
a field strain6
antibody and complement6
the fecv strain6
feline coronavirus serotypes6
allowed to react6
isolation and characterization6
at g for6
cats immunized with6
cell fusion and6
to treat fip6
treatment of cats6
kim et al6
monoclonal antibody analysis6
post treatment groups6
view of the6
mrna and fcov6
be important in6
virus type infection6
correlate with the6
it is necessary6
have been developed6
b and prostaglandin6
cell culture and6
were kindly provided6
peplomer gene of6
the respiratory tract6
room temperature for6
an incubation period6
for the identification6
determination of the6
respiratory syndrome virus6
terminal part of6
vascular permeability and6
between fecvs and6
ccv and fecv6
was able to6
from the jejunum6
of monocytes and6
essential amino acids6
supplied by dr6
in cell cultures6
vascular endothelial growth6
a reverse genetics6
neutrophils into granulomatous6
like proteases of6
be associated with6
variant of tgev6
group was comprised6
of takano et6
genetic differences between6
fip and spf6
coronavirus pathobiogenesis and6
portion of the6
has been previously6
cats by reverse6
in primary feline6
function of the6
collected from fip6
exposure to fipv5
production in primary5
the clinical signs5
to bind to5
deleterious c gene5
to determine if5
in vitro infection5
for the s5
for s and5
a b s5
processing of the5
relationship between fipv5
a virus in5
targeting coronavirus c5
values of the5
expression of b5
that fipv and5
of blood samples5
in domestic and5
porcine coronavirus tgev5
coronaviruses with small5
without fipv antigen5
regulation of the5
fipv and ts5
it was suggested5
presence of fcov5
reproductive and respiratory5
s protein is5
indicates that the5
and cytokine responses5
at hours post5
to analyze the5
cell culture an5
gene regions of5
recovery and characterization5
to play a5
could be detected5
the study was5
faecal samples from5
caused by a5
porter et al5
expression level was5
coronavirus feline infectious5
macrophages by neutralizing5
small deletions in5
granulomatous lesions in5
detection limit of5
peritonitis attempted immunization5
with fipv type5
b and c5
of fip by5
in the hr5
a mouse model5
are needed to5
an effective way5
deletion of group5
to experimental feline5
cat environments with5
were increased in5
in both the5
the survival time5
all three cats5
to the pathogenesis5
tgev reveals large5
virus titers of5
with small deletions5
and ml of5
the only gene5
and quality of5
has been used5
generally accepted that5
cells were labeled5
important in the5
gastroenteritis virus by5
a modified live5
it is the5
to be responsible5
or without fipv5
viral proteins were5
with naturally occurring5
provide protection against5
of the new5
on the cell5
both control and5
replication of the5
supernatant was removed5
against fipv infection5
verified feline infectious5
in naturally fcov5
response of the5
switching species tropism5
mixed with an5
histopathologically verified feline5
in a total5
of fecvs and5
of mabs which5
plasma membrane of5
fipv strain wsu5
known as feline5
l of the5
kyuwa et al5
cornell university college5
was kindly provided5
the genomic organization5
performed according to5
is a class5
for companion animal5
mice immunized with5
tgev and fipv5
isolation of a5
cells and in5
to make a5
fc receptor activity5
absence of clinical5
with the outcome5
infectious peritonitis two5
and hr regions5
infectious peritonitis attempted5
that can be5
feline coronaviruses that5
the genus alphacoronavirus5
both enteric infection5
at x g5
manipulate the feline5
feline enteritis virus5
use of a5
account for the5
mckeirnan et al5
is believed to5
and association with5
and infectious peritonitis5
crandell rees feline5
companion animal health5
r i and5
cd t cells5
among cats in5
with fipv or5
culture chamber slides5
molecular characterization of5
were collected after5
the highly conserved5
ml of growth5
be important for5
a standardized plaque5
infectious peritonitis antibody5
the infected cell5
fipv b protein5
of life of5
results showed that5
of porcine coronavirus5
from the fp5
fusion core complex5
cases of fip5
culture an enteric5
ucd and fipv5
an outbreak of5
related group was5
primary feline blood5
type i interferon5
protection studies between5
genes provide protection5
peptidyl compounds targeting5
peritonitis and porcine5
activity of gc5
t values of5
the viruses were5
and cd t5
indicated by the5
infections in kittens5
different peplomer glycoproteins5
of virus from5
were significantly higher5
serial dilutions of5
levels of the5
of ltb and5
size of the5
with the specified5
feline coronavirus strain5
rna isolation and5
treated with chloroquine5
and functional characterization5
and feline enteritis5
the disease and5
the day of5
the biotype switch5
mapk pathway is5
expression level of5
on the survival5
specific monoclonal antibodies5
the accessory gene5
of amino acid5
through the oral5
were cultured with5
balanced salt solution5
twice with pbs5
fipv e gene5
c protein of5
of s protein5
the wet form5
body fluids of5
role of orf5
fluids of naturally5
feline coronavirus types5
recognizing different epitopes5
to be highly5
protective immune responses5
which has been5
their ability to5
with chloroquine at5
in the plasma5
independent evaluation of5
cdna copy of5
spf cats were5
and respiratory syndrome5
virus in feline5
quality of life5
neutralization of feline5
to other cats5
tfo to tfo5
without passive immunization5
virus production and5
to the feline5
for h with5
in birman cats5
respiratory syncytial virus5
of fipv to5
and the rna5
n protein of5
of the th5
the efficacy of5
in the samples5
using feline infectious5
a protein of5
these viruses are5
for the first5
to infect macrophages5
with hcq and5
type ii fipvs5
during the first5
military dogs with5
from fip diagnosed5
and incubated with5
u ml of5
cellular immune responses5
of gene expression5
disease in switzerland5
the fipv type5
in the in5
between fipv strain5
melting point analysis5
exposed to fipv5
accordance with the5
which had been5
we confirmed that5
n gene was5
activity of the5
effective way to5
faculty of veterinary5
replicate in the5
and porcine transmissible5
plasma levels occurred5
cell pellets were5
cats that had5
with an epidemic5
among homologous structural5
cells from the5
type immune response5
cats using a5
and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis5
on the one5
of spf cats5
the coronavirus spike5
due to its5
the polypeptide specificity5
differentiation survival factor5
are susceptible to5
for markedly different5
mabs with neutralizing5
fip in the5
were washed and5
weights of the5
association with disease5
macrophages treated with5
detection of the5
carried out in5
virus regulates pro5
cells expressing the5
fipv abc ab5
of fipv df5
the viral envelope5
enteric coronavirus and5
that the incidence5
using monoclonal antibodies5
calf diarrheal coronavirus5
sb and sc5
strains have been5
coronavirus mouse hepatitis5
genome organization and5
alpha capture elisa5
at and h5
of cats that5
a titer of5
antigenic sites of5
resulting in the5
in combination with5
receptor binding and5
presence of a5
proteins of feline5
active site of5
the fecv b5
virulence in vivo5
be seen in5
on fipv infection5
seroprevalence and association5
the bispecific antibody5
ii in cats5
the cells and5
factors act on5
high viral loads5
of the intestinal5
infections of cats5
was not observed5
was collected from5
calf diarrhea coronavirus5
feline coronavirus associated5
of the animals5
in vitro antiviral5
the levels of5
serotype ii strains5
are more likely5
a orf of5
type i fcovs5
significant reduction in5
isolated from a5
of healthy cats5
antibodies recognizing different5
with the genome5
on feline coronavirus5
and in naturally5
intestinal epithelial cells5
basis of the5
at the s5
feline coronavirus field5
washed times with5
by the indirect5
for the immune5
levels occurred in5
we show that5
cells in a5
target cells of5
conjugated goat anti5
to show that5
for many years5