bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
gene expression	2341
gene therapy	781
cell lines	695
gene transfer	575
amino acid	573
immune response	536
stem cells	523
cell line	437
reference genes	432
breast cancer	393
gene delivery	376
prostate cancer	358
differentially expressed	358
growth factor	355
immune responses	325
cancer cells	323
mammalian cells	311
expression levels	307
amino acids	300
cell types	300
class i	287
cell cycle	287
present study	285
additional file	281
epithelial cells	279
human genome	276
respiratory syndrome	275
clinical trials	261
expressed genes	251
expression profiles	250
stem cell	245
immune system	244
innate immune	242
oxidative stress	240
cell proliferation	240
transcription factor	239
important role	231
genes involved	228
type i	226
escherichia coli	225
control group	224
influenza virus	219
cell culture	218
cell death	217
protein expression	215
virus infection	215
mg kg	213
tumor cells	210
leydig cells	206
cell surface	204
acute respiratory	201
transcription factors	198
cord uid	194
doc id	194
rna viruses	193
nucleic acid	185
plasma membrane	182
time pcr	181
lung injury	178
sertoli cells	176
dna methylation	175
reference gene	174
bone marrow	174
expression level	173
performed using	173
plasmid dna	172
lung cancer	171
time points	170
viral infection	170
host cell	170
mediated gene	170
target genes	169
may also	169
candidate genes	169
differential expression	166
germ cell	166
wild type	165
rna interference	165
expression data	162
cell growth	161
viral vectors	160
total rna	158
fold change	157
seminiferous tubules	156
infectious diseases	156
expression patterns	156
smooth muscle	154
endothelial cells	153
cancer cell	153
mesenchymal stem	153
overlapping genes	152
large number	151
two different	151
dna damage	150
mrna expression	149
binding protein	147
statistically significant	147
protein kinase	146
codon usage	146
expression profiling	145
nervous system	145
signaling pathway	144
widely used	144
related genes	143
severe acute	142
signal transduction	142
cell type	142
cystic fibrosis	142
molecular biology	140
results suggest	139
expression analysis	139
cell receptor	137
genomic dna	137
sertoli cell	137
gene ontology	136
like receptor	136
significantly higher	136
genome sequence	136
mast cells	136
wide range	135
vaccinia virus	135
peripheral blood	134
transgene expression	134
genes encoding	134
i i	133
antibiotic resistance	132
western blot	131
human genes	131
mhc class	131
porcine reproductive	130
closely related	129
inflammatory response	129
molecular mechanisms	129
commonly used	128
leydig cell	128
open reading	127
transfection efficiency	127
stranded rna	126
resistance genes	126
dendritic cells	125
gene silencing	125
animal models	125
mouse model	125
data sets	123
target gene	123
analysis revealed	123
molecular weight	123
dna vaccines	122
microarray data	121
previous studies	120
immunodeficiency virus	120
signaling pathways	118
chain reaction	118
whole genome	118
virus type	117
spinal cord	117
infected cells	117
innate immunity	117
polymerase chain	116
nucleic acids	115
sequence analysis	115
dna vaccine	115
reading frame	114
time point	114
blood samples	114
syndrome virus	114
genes associated	113
acid sequence	113
results indicate	112
previously described	112
results showed	112
lentiviral vector	111
ambiguous characters	111
supplementary table	111
go terms	110
transgenic mice	110
significant difference	110
expression profile	110
side effects	109
mass spectrometry	109
monoclonal antibodies	108
flow cytometry	108
significant differences	107
data set	107
regulated genes	107
viral replication	107
virus replication	106
germ cells	105
human disease	105
viral infections	105
drug delivery	105
coding genes	105
gene family	104
positive selection	104
nitric oxide	104
united states	104
microarray analysis	104
ng ml	104
biological processes	103
associated genes	103
phase i	103
cell viability	102
gel electrophoresis	102
high levels	102
cancer therapy	101
prrsv infection	101
taken together	101
rete testis	101
reporter gene	100
data analysis	99
central nervous	99
binding sites	99
type ii	98
reactive oxygen	98
endoplasmic reticulum	98
recombinant protein	98
muscle cells	98
dependent manner	97
monoclonal antibody	96
reverse transcription	95
protein synthesis	95
recent years	95
gene encoding	95
three different	95
tumor suppressor	94
genome size	94
host response	94
phylogenetic analysis	94
cell activation	94
least one	94
blot analysis	93
dna sequences	93
oxygen species	93
defi ciency	93
genes identified	92
single nucleotide	92
generation sequencing	92
shannon entropy	92
gene products	92
human immunodeficiency	92
recombinant proteins	91
next generation	91
dna sequence	91
rhesus macaque	91
reverse transcriptase	91
fusion protein	90
significantly increased	90
reading frames	90
delivery systems	90
highly expressed	89
herpes simplex	89
stably expressed	89
highly conserved	89
gene regulation	89
also found	88
fi rst	88
different types	88
genetic material	88
analysis using	88
reproductive tract	88
also known	87
data suggest	87
first time	87
quantitative real	86
necrosis factor	86
determined using	86
cell adhesion	86
human cells	86
receptor gene	86
factor receptor	86
seq data	86
lentiviral vectors	85
saccharomyces cerevisiae	85
viral genome	84
enrichment analysis	84
target cells	84
ex vivo	84
vascular endothelial	83
nucleotide sequence	83
genome sequences	83
recent studies	83
rna polymerase	83
small interfering	82
binding site	82
heart failure	82
association studies	82
mrna levels	82
tumor growth	82
tumor cell	82
fluorescent protein	82
tumor necrosis	82
start codon	81
gene transcription	81
skeletal muscle	81
acute lung	81
nuclear factor	81
extracellular matrix	81
specific genes	81
mosaic virus	80
results show	80
risk factors	80
protein production	80
lymph nodes	79
real time	79
genome sequencing	79
like particles	79
protein interaction	78
enzyme activity	78
immune cells	78
lymph node	78
systems biology	78
simplex virus	78
hepatocellular carcinoma	77
gi irae	77
normalized shannon	77
based gene	77
essential genes	77
significant increase	76
interfering rna	76
colorectal cancer	76
expression pattern	76
aug codon	76
fatty acid	76
animal model	76
homologous recombination	76
infl uence	76
fold higher	76
exome sequencing	76
pathway analysis	76
dna viruses	76
copy number	75
delivery system	75
sequence data	75
expression studies	75
host cells	75
heat shock	74
syncytial virus	74
cell cultures	74
type diabetes	74
viral rna	74
class ii	74
respiratory syncytial	74
viral gene	74
hek cells	74
mental retardation	74
false discovery	73
also identified	73
expression changes	73
gene product	73
previously reported	73
progenitor cells	73
cell clones	72
rna virus	72
dna repair	72
mammalian cell	72
cells using	72
quality control	72
associated virus	72
human health	72
drug resistance	71
may contribute	71
crispr cas	71
housekeeping genes	71
functional genomics	71
natural killer	71
arabidopsis thaliana	71
adaptive immune	71
also observed	70
like receptors	70
natural selection	70
determine whether	70
public health	70
statistical analysis	70
previously published	70
cell membrane	70
increased expression	70
leaky scanning	70
growth factors	70
clinical trial	70
supplementary material	70
knockout mice	69
diabetes mellitus	69
cell density	69
insect cells	69
serum levels	69
specific expression	69
virus evolution	69
mg ml	69
may play	69
functional analysis	69
specific gene	69
vivo gene	69
expression system	69
lg ml	69
rna sequencing	68
endothelial cell	68
embryonic stem	68
cancer patients	68
genetic variation	68
wide variety	68
protein coding	68
antiviral activity	68
noncoding rna	68
secondary structure	67
may provide	67
two groups	67
current study	67
long noncoding	67
mouse models	67
cdna library	66
coding regions	66
even though	66
cells expressing	66
fi brosis	66
colon cancer	66
sequence similarity	66
protein levels	66
human diseases	66
respiratory distress	65
staphylococcus aureus	65
tyrosine kinase	65
high level	65
respiratory tract	65
proteins involved	65
transcriptome analysis	65
syndrome coronavirus	65
human lung	65
phase ii	64
recent study	64
genetic variants	64
electron microscopy	64
fi ndings	64
several studies	64
different cell	64
cho cells	64
gonadal dysgenesis	64
epithelial cell	63
th century	63
receptor signaling	63
several genes	63
high affinity	63
differential gene	63
protein interactions	63
lactic acid	63
product quality	63
endothelial growth	62
human gene	62
hela cells	62
single cell	62
adrenergic receptor	62
dna binding	62
binding proteins	62
dna polymerase	62
better understanding	62
ca i	62
tunica albuginea	61
transcriptional regulation	61
time rt	61
infectious bronchitis	61
acid residues	61
total number	61
candidate gene	61
cell therapy	61
expression vector	61
genetically modified	61
viral fitness	60
may lead	60
years ago	60
fi tness	60
two genes	60
major histocompatibility	60
coding rnas	60
promoter region	60
blood pressure	60
experimental conditions	60
retroviral vectors	60
single gene	60
gene set	60
infectious disease	60
many genes	60
body weight	60
protein complexes	60
protein gene	60
cell differentiation	60
airway epithelial	59
distress syndrome	59
listeria monocytogenes	59
alternative splicing	59
time quantitative	59
point mutations	59
foreign gene	59
cdna clones	59
untranslated region	59
previous study	59
gene function	59
adenoviral vectors	59
expression systems	59
antimicrobial resistance	59
drug targets	59
genetic engineering	59
growth rate	59
analyzed using	59
acid sequences	58
publicly available	58
fatty acids	58
genes related	58
different tissues	58
es cells	58
small molecule	58
cell populations	58
protein level	58
tissue samples	58
two types	58
biological process	58
high throughput	58
heavy chain	57
human testis	57
epidermal growth	57
host genes	57
metabolic pathways	57
start site	57
previously identified	57
molecular basis	57
mammary gland	57
influenza infection	57
discovery rate	57
noncoding rnas	57
ad vectors	57
coding sequences	57
pcr analysis	57
gene families	57
case report	57
specific primers	57
key role	56
male reproductive	56
recombinant viruses	56
nuclear transfer	56
induced apoptosis	56
disease virus	56
autosomal recessive	56
human genetics	56
cell lung	56
quantitative pcr	56
lipid metabolism	56
commercially available	56
fold increase	55
ef fi	55
testicular biopsy	55
healthy controls	55
increased risk	55
western blotting	55
connective tissue	55
microarray technology	55
structural proteins	55
identified genes	55
vesicular stomatitis	55
cancer gene	55
naturally occurring	55
data indicate	55
national institute	55
leaf curl	55
future studies	55
also used	55
autosomal dominant	55
first step	55
culture medium	54
biological activity	54
small molecules	54
significantly reduced	54
infl ammatory	54
insulin resistance	54
cationic liposomes	54
gene networks	54
four different	54
will also	54
gene targeting	54
binding domain	54
least two	53
target cell	53
hepg cells	53
analysis showed	53
marker genes	53
mast cell	53
speci fi	53
reference genome	53
internal control	53
lung disease	53
similar results	53
selected genes	53
crucial role	53
somatic cell	52
cell tumor	52
transcript abundance	52
resistance gene	52
receptor genes	52
signal peptide	52
cancer treatment	52
inhibitory effect	52
wide association	52
important roles	52
large scale	52
intellectual disability	52
vas deferens	52
fusion proteins	52
mononuclear cells	52
baculovirus vectors	52
disease progression	52
i interferon	52
dna molecules	52
inflammatory cytokines	52
olive flounder	52
cell responses	52
viral genes	52
green fluorescent	51
significantly different	51
male infertility	51
coding region	51
adverse effects	51
also showed	51
genes whose	51
translation initiation	51
human interferon	51
family members	51
infl ammation	51
edible vaccines	51
androgen receptor	51
membrane proteins	51
clinical studies	51
protective effect	50
baculovirus transduction	50
viral dna	50
results obtained	50
allowed us	50
genetically engineered	50
gene coding	50
deficient mice	50
bronchitis virus	50
gi iraes	50
risk assessment	50
low levels	50
living cells	50
stranded dna	50
stomatitis virus	50
sequencing data	50
comparative genomics	50
cultured cells	50
viral genomes	49
tissue engineering	49
brain tissue	49
cellular processes	49
pregnant women	49
standard deviation	49
applied biosystems	49
infl uenza	49
cell receptors	49
septic shock	49
host immune	49
regulatory elements	49
high degree	49
whole blood	49
highly pathogenic	49
sars coronavirus	48
major role	48
negatively charged	48
precocious puberty	48
gene lists	48
cell division	48
chemical engineering	48
present work	48
growth hormone	48
histocompatibility complex	48
rabies virus	48
virus vectors	48
studies showed	48
superoxide dismutase	48
higher levels	48
give rise	48
cell survival	48
technical university	48
using different	48
gene sequences	48
recent advances	48
drug discovery	48
cd cells	48
antigen presentation	48
interfering rnas	48
rna molecules	47
surface antigen	47
early stage	47
statistical complexity	47
comparative analysis	47
somatic cells	47
human cytomegalovirus	47
identify genes	47
viral proteins	47
statistical significance	47
adipose tissue	47
network inference	47
coa racemase	47
identifi ed	47
blood cells	47
three groups	47
fi nding	47
critical role	47
described previously	47
small number	47
one gene	47
sirna delivery	47
significantly lower	47
fruit bat	47
may result	47
sequence alignment	46
cells may	46
human cancer	46
inflammatory responses	46
cationic lipid	46
experimental data	46
small cell	46
clinically relevant	46
ms ms	46
transgenic plants	46
process development	46
light chain	46
myeloid leukemia	46
expression stability	46
model system	46
dna replication	46
plant species	46
pulmonary disease	46
maximum likelihood	46
mean expression	46
therapeutic targets	46
host genome	46
terminal domain	46
disease resistance	46
two major	46
immune genes	45
signalling pathways	45
stop codon	45
cystic fi	45
genes using	45
living beings	45
virulence genes	45
phylogenetic tree	45
cd cd	45
proinflammatory cytokines	45
risk factor	45
presenting cells	45
sanger sequencing	45
coding sequence	45
will help	45
copyright holder	45
membrane protein	45
biologically active	45
molecular characterization	45
cell carcinoma	44
nucleotide polymorphisms	44
genome project	44
cell lymphoma	44
many different	44
cells infected	44
author funder	44
genetic variations	44
recombinant baculovirus	44
alveolar macrophages	44
granted medrxiv	44
cell migration	44
relative expression	44
different genes	44
identified using	44
ankara university	44
targeted gene	44
male pseudohermaphroditism	44
base pairs	44
may cause	44
specific cell	44
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism	44
authors declare	44
deep sequencing	44
environmental factors	44
efficient gene	44
testicular descent	44
outer membrane	44
positive correlation	44
cell wall	44
avian influenza	44
genetic diversity	44
genetic information	44
showed significant	44
airway epithelium	44
recombinant human	43
drug development	43
will provide	43
fi cient	43
takes place	43
fi bers	43
lipid droplets	43
preliminary results	43
novel gene	43
hydrogen peroxide	43
coupled receptors	43
golgi apparatus	43
activated protein	43
genes coding	43
complete genome	43
whose expression	43
androgen insensitivity	43
eukaryotic cells	43
molecular level	43
cell population	43
structural protein	43
recombinant dna	43
wound healing	43
ali ards	43
quantitative rt	43
affinity chromatography	43
sequence identity	43
findings suggest	42
chinese hamster	42
better understand	42
messenger rna	42
genetic polymorphisms	42
two distinct	42
mechanisms underlying	42
host responses	42
dna sequencing	42
protein sequences	42
dengue virus	42
foreign genes	42
reproductive tissue	42
genes may	42
melanoma cells	42
aug codons	42
airway inflammation	42
protein complex	42
lipid peroxidation	42
clinical symptoms	42
expressed gene	42
zinc finger	42
last years	42
signalling pathway	42
multiple sclerosis	42
least stable	41
external genitalia	41
cdna synthesis	41
pharmakologie und	41
surface receptors	41
gene co	41
transgenic animals	41
biological systems	41
expression values	41
protein sequence	41
neutralizing antibodies	41
treated cells	41
well known	41
nucleotide sequences	41
target protein	41
dna vaccination	41
toxic effects	41
dna microarrays	41
bacillus subtilis	41
capsid protein	41
consensus sequence	41
type iii	41
version posted	41
long term	41
biomedical research	41
positive cells	41
associated protein	41
supplementary file	41
cancer stem	41
blood mononuclear	41
systems medicine	41
identifi cation	41
mrna stability	41
days post	40
recombinant vaccinia	40
transcriptional activation	40
human cell	40
life sciences	40
cell development	40
studies using	40
chicken genome	40
results demonstrate	40
different species	40
viral vector	40
data obtained	40
stable gene	40
respiratory viruses	40
i molecules	40
coat protein	40
negative control	40
cho cell	40
cell response	40
cells via	40
short stature	40
novel genes	40
viral diseases	40
candidate reference	40
hiv infection	40
calculated using	40
neuronal cells	40
biological functions	40
blood vessels	40
killer cell	39
time course	39
containing genes	39
testicular microlithiasis	39
cardiovascular diseases	39
neuropathic pain	39
muscular dystrophy	39
network analysis	39
und toxikologie	39
significantly enriched	39
cd expression	39
different time	39
sustentacular cells	39
membrane potential	39
cellular uptake	39
lung tissue	39
cell biology	39
stress response	39
may affect	39
another study	39
also shown	39
using gene	39
receptor complex	39
coli strains	39
metabolic engineering	39
located within	39
genetic factors	39
disease severity	39
pcr products	38
dna microarray	38
rate variation	38
clinical practice	38
many studies	38
nk cell	38
nasal epithelium	38
naked dna	38
dna complexes	38
bacterial infection	38
cmv promoter	38
lung function	38
differentially regulated	38
host factors	38
accession number	38
shannon divergence	38
essential role	38
virus genome	38
cytokine production	38
cell function	38
vaccine development	38
pcr amplification	38
relatively low	38
reporter genes	38
carbon source	38
multiple genes	37
ovarian cancer	37
hierarchical clustering	37
environmental conditions	37
cell hyperplasia	37
unknown function	37
genomic data	37
middle east	37
throughput sequencing	37
cell gene	37
coupled receptor	37
clinical features	37
new therapeutic	37
full length	37
pancreatic cancer	37
suppressor genes	37
thymidine kinase	37
mitochondrial membrane	37
data using	37
expression omnibus	37
long time	37
human breast	37
pulmonary gene	37
broad range	37
therapeutic strategies	37
stable reference	37
low molecular	37
clinical isolates	37
enzyme activities	37
two proteins	37
receptor expression	37
fever virus	37
hamster ovary	37
protein genes	37
correlation coefficient	37
successfully used	37
differentially methylated	37
significantly associated	37
play important	37
machine learning	37
serum samples	36
stable genes	36
control genes	36
significant reduction	36
situ hybridization	36
experimental design	36
upregulated genes	36
inhibitory effects	36
developmental stages	36
west nile	36
culture media	36
long non	36
cells showed	36
branch lengths	36
heart disease	36
control groups	36
regulatory networks	36
clinical data	36
control gene	36
gives rise	36
may represent	36
enrichment analyses	36
developmental delay	36
target rna	36
probe sets	36
strand breaks	36
omics data	36
adenoviral vector	36
positively charged	36
citric acid	36
nonhuman primates	36
made available	36
stop codons	36
gene mutations	36
pulmonary fibrosis	36
three genes	36
caenorhabditis elegans	36
many cases	36
like protein	36
liquid chromatography	36
culture conditions	36
therapeutic potential	36
several different	36
beta cells	36
northern blot	36
high frequency	36
stable expression	36
results revealed	35
molecular cloning	35
ribosomal protein	35
measured using	35
hepatitis virus	35
genes within	35
humoral immune	35
synthetic peptides	35
spleen cells	35
therapeutic gene	35
splice site	35
effi cacy	35
infertile men	35
multidrug resistance	35
adhesion molecules	35
molecular genetic	35
virus particles	35
one another	35
using real	35
adrenal hyperplasia	35
gene regulatory	35
cycle arrest	35
new insights	35
may help	35
life cycle	35
agarose gel	35
also involved	35
peer review	35
increased levels	35
spermatic cord	35
limited number	35
human prostate	35
induced lung	35
expression vectors	35
large numbers	35
dn ds	35
evaluated using	35
related species	34
feature selection	34
kegg pathway	34
pluripotent stem	34
positively correlated	34
molecular analysis	34
significant genes	34
bipolar disorder	34
protein function	34
signifi cant	34
upstream aug	34
nonviral gene	34
human ifn	34
fibroblast growth	34
cryptorchid testes	34
generated using	34
seq analysis	34
vitro studies	34
defi cient	34
ribosomal rna	34
flying fox	34
antiviral response	34
pearson correlation	34
significantly decreased	34
cellular immune	34
genes expressed	34
based approach	34
nucleotide substitutions	34
embryonic development	34
host defense	34
suicide gene	34
secondary metabolites	34
negative bacteria	34
dendritic cell	34
regulatory factor	34
high expression	34
complex diseases	34
solid tumors	34
genome analysis	34
stimulated genes	34
echolocating bats	34
much higher	34
cell embryos	33
comparative genomic	33
defi cit	33
cells compared	33
pattern recognition	33
microarray experiments	33
large amounts	33
reperfusion injury	33
adhesion molecule	33
key genes	33
drinking water	33
barr virus	33
classifi ed	33
ebola virus	33
angiotensin ii	33
coding gene	33
protein kinases	33
first aug	33
cohesin genes	33
great leaf	33
intensive care	33
infected pigs	33
edible vaccine	33
highly efficient	33
gene sets	33
different methods	33
kegg pathways	33
primary human	33
rat brain	33
virus infections	33
bovine serum	33
scientific community	33
dna delivery	33
significant pathways	33
normal human	33
cdna clone	33
usage bias	33
cardiovascular disease	33
adverse events	33
ribosomal frameshifting	33
vascular smooth	33
science foundation	33
stromal cells	33
gene list	33
transfected cells	33
bacterial infections	33
interferon regulatory	33
pcr data	33
inflammatory cells	33
accession numbers	33
may occur	33
point mutation	33
cationic lipids	33
comparison groups	33
whole exome	33
gene encodes	33
samples collected	33
brain barrier	32
chronic inflammation	32
lung epithelial	32
also associated	32
scanning mechanism	32
central role	32
nile virus	32
transcriptional changes	32
two novel	32
baculovirus expressing	32
early stages	32
biological pathways	32
first report	32
signi fi	32
antibody production	32
glioma cells	32
obtained using	32
early onset	32
promoter activity	32
specific antigen	32
crystal structure	32
like cells	32
proteins encoded	32
low cost	32
cell entry	32
squamous cell	32
pathway enrichment	32
investigated using	32
research institute	32
phosphate dehydrogenase	32
tomato leaf	32
new drugs	32
also present	32
envelope protein	32
assessed using	32
might also	32
testicular parenchyma	32
gastric cancer	32
animal species	32
asymmetric evolution	32
transmembrane protein	32
results indicated	32
data show	32
exact test	31
poorly understood	31
acid production	31
enzymatic activity	31
response genes	31
fold changes	31
missense mutations	31
antibody response	31
antisense oligonucleotides	31
near future	31
th cells	31
baculovirus vector	31
cancer progression	31
transmembrane proteins	31
infection control	31
inflammatory bowel	31
genome assembly	31
individual genes	31
expression analyses	31
autographa californica	31
potential role	31
four groups	31
protective effects	31
viral particles	31
possible role	31
lipid rafts	31
biofilm formation	31
testicular cancer	31
suppressor gene	31
various types	31
target proteins	31
regulatory mechanisms	31
genetic analysis	31
tobacco plants	31
will allow	31
healthy individuals	31
quantitative analysis	31
confocal microscopy	31
chronic obstructive	31
low concentrations	31
different concentrations	31
baculovirus expression	31
high concentrations	31
serum albumin	31
synthetic biology	31
particular interest	31
plants infected	31
nude mice	31
wastewater treatment	31
host gene	31
room temperature	31
virulence factors	31
negative selection	31
common ancestor	30
acute myeloid	30
among others	30
sequence variants	30
two main	30
using two	30
novo assembly	30
nucleotide polymorphism	30
significant association	30
foreign dna	30
using rna	30
negative correlation	30
steady state	30
viable cell	30
identify novel	30
serine protease	30
interaction network	30
mechanisms involved	30
research council	30
clostridium difficile	30
severe disease	30
recombinant virus	30
pseudomonas aeruginosa	30
testicular biopsies	30
material online	30
pharmaceutical industry	30
associated gene	30
human embryonic	30
viral protein	30
cytotoxic effects	30
strand rna	30
basic research	30
expression cassettes	30
fl uid	30
molecular mass	30
bat species	30
paralichthys olivaceus	30
derived growth	30
gene sequence	30
gene network	30
vaccine delivery	30
specific antibodies	30
may serve	30
results demonstrated	30
increasing number	30
see chapter	30
autoimmune diseases	30
nuclear localization	30
cell rna	30
transforming growth	30
mouse brain	30
dna strand	30
much lower	30
cell imaging	30
differential diagnosis	30
gene stability	30
related gene	30
gene selection	30
relatively high	30
based approaches	30
mouth disease	30
family history	30
cells derived	30
large dna	30
transduction pathways	30
apoptotic cell	29
suitable reference	29
significant role	29
gene cluster	29
host range	29
highly specific	29
fermentation process	29
coronavirus infection	29
oxygen transfer	29
adenosine deaminase	29
fi eld	29
programmed cell	29
chapter iv	29
dose dependent	29
global gene	29
neuronal cell	29
airway epithelia	29
different levels	29
patients treated	29
signifi cantly	29
like gene	29
acid substitutions	29
mouse hepatitis	29
microarray studies	29
broad spectrum	29
fruit bats	29
antibody responses	29
information theory	29
transcriptional control	29
cells within	29
vero cells	29
top genes	29
density lipoprotein	29
new generation	29
elevated levels	29
mouse ifn	29
autism spectrum	29
may indicate	29
genomic regions	29
premature stop	29
insect cell	29
different stages	29
signifi cance	29
based therapies	29
another example	29
stimulating factor	29
international license	29
carcinoma cells	29
life technologies	29
response element	29
highly variable	29
initiation factor	29
circadian period	29
time series	29
viral pathogens	29
drosophila melanogaster	29
biological replicates	29
active site	29
streptococcus pneumoniae	29
internal controls	29
human skin	29
new genes	29
cluster analysis	29
studies revealed	29
fi ciency	29
protein encoded	29
shock protein	29
translational control	29
rhinolophoid bats	29
diseases like	29
influenza viruses	29
genetic basis	29
host proteins	29
egyptian fruit	29
interacting protein	29
antioxidant status	29
lung diseases	29
inducible gene	29
acid composition	29
molecular function	29
bispecific antibodies	29
human host	29
last decade	28
done using	28
aav vectors	28
cytotoxic effect	28
dna encoding	28
stress conditions	28
transcriptional activity	28
high risk	28
analysis results	28
dependent protein	28
illumina hiseq	28
clinical disease	28
clonal cell	28
molecular genetics	28
genes showed	28
phosphorylation sites	28
high density	28
positively selected	28
converting enzyme	28
expression differences	28
mediated endocytosis	28
transcriptome data	28
nucleocapsid protein	28
genetic manipulation	28
bacterial species	28
mycobacterium tuberculosis	28
pol gene	28
transcriptional units	28
protective immunity	28
asthma patients	28
positive bacteria	28
infectious agents	28
fat diet	28
compound heterozygous	28
gene panel	28
bacterial pathogens	28
primary cells	28
cell nucleus	28
neurodegenerative diseases	28
leukemia virus	28
multiple sequence	28
clinical use	28
domestic cat	28
susceptibility genes	28
mitochondrial genome	28
therapeutic proteins	28
gene symbols	28
primary spermatocytes	28
cancer immunotherapy	28
posterior probabilities	28
cell expression	28
disease genes	28
novel therapeutic	28
functional role	28
control cells	28
high resolution	28
chronic diseases	28
insertional mutagenesis	28
testicular torsion	28
fluorescent proteins	28
gene therapies	28
antioxidant capacity	28
sequence alignments	28
annotated genes	28
cancer types	28
dna synthesis	28
rat liver	28
plant viruses	28
fi brous	28
mdv infection	28
virus genomes	28
metal ions	28
study showed	28
low expression	28
pivotal role	28
plants expressing	28
biochemical parameters	28
bowel disease	28
comet assay	28
soluble protein	28
hub genes	28
higher level	28
great potential	28
take place	28
genetic elements	28
rna samples	28
cytoplasmic tail	28
molecular mechanism	28
genes based	28
hematopoietic stem	28
san diego	27
swine fever	27
general population	27
recent developments	27
selective pressure	27
cell epitopes	27
remains unclear	27
digital gene	27
actin cytoskeleton	27
biological networks	27
regulatory regions	27
rheumatoid arthritis	27
tk gene	27
tumor progression	27
irae group	27
inflammatory diseases	27
positive control	27
expressing cells	27
kg day	27
tandem mass	27
among different	27
genetic disorders	27
target effects	27
currently available	27
cns disorders	27
probability distribution	27
bronchoalveolar lavage	27
animal care	27
bl mice	27
transduced cells	27
transcriptional response	27
high quality	27
antigen presenting	27
systemic administration	27
surface expression	27
male fertility	27
rna transcription	27
obstructive pulmonary	27
ethylene glycol	27
genetic resources	27
xy gonadal	27
natural products	27
experimental method	27
evidence suggests	27
lung cancers	27
lung tissues	27
functional characterization	27
human chromosome	27
rna silencing	27
codon position	27
aspergillus niger	27
scientific research	27
genetic code	27
one hand	27
rna isolation	27
biological function	27
three times	27
genetic studies	27
gene mutation	27
tissue damage	27
stimulated gene	27
hepatoma cells	27
times higher	27
competing interests	27
total protein	27
pcr using	27
group i	27
fi ed	27
past years	27
hlh genes	27
following infection	27
camel species	27
split inteins	27
jak stat	27
ic values	27
transcriptional level	27
japanese encephalitis	27
myocardial infarction	27
lymphoid organs	27
molecular pathways	27
combination therapy	27
diabetic patients	27
rna genome	27
three major	27
relative risk	27
enriched pathways	26
defi ned	26
first study	26
gene knockdown	26
investigate whether	26
major cause	26
phylogenetic trees	26
cas system	26
zebrafish embryos	26
drug administration	26
control subjects	26
inserted sequences	26
transfer vectors	26
linkage disequilibrium	26
respiratory disease	26
set enrichment	26
potential therapeutic	26
sequence information	26
small rna	26
tubular hyalinization	26
surface protein	26
liver tissue	26
genome annotation	26
derived mesenchymal	26
decreased expression	26
single dose	26
adenovirus vectors	26
throughput screening	26
developing countries	26
recently shown	26
missense mutation	26
gene duplication	26
pathogenic bacteria	26
mirna expression	26
control samples	26
new reference	26
least three	26
protein structure	26
polyethylene glycol	26
well characterized	26
motor neurons	26
directed mutagenesis	26
mtor signaling	26
ang ii	26
resistance mechanisms	26
lipid bilayer	26
energy metabolism	26
genome browser	26
clinical signs	26
human protein	26
evolutionary biology	26
mammalian species	26
rational design	26
genetic diseases	26
tumor tissue	26
significant effect	26
analysis tools	26
systemic inflammation	26
prrsv rjxwn	26
catalytic activity	26
cervical cancer	26
study revealed	26
like domains	26
clinical samples	26
per se	26
functional studies	26
cftr gene	26
see also	26
excretory ducts	26
free radical	26
human airway	26
coding rna	26
high dose	26
sensory neurons	26
capsid proteins	26
showed high	26
induced pluripotent	26
induces apoptosis	26
genomic sequence	26
studies suggest	26
delivery vehicles	26
transcriptional activator	26
also demonstrated	26
brain development	26
tissue culture	26
medium containing	26
seminiferous epithelium	26
antimicrobial activity	26
molecular dynamics	26
sample size	26
using microarrays	26
exogenous dna	26
testicular lesions	26
vast majority	26
adaptive evolution	25
study group	25
cl contig	25
mouse genes	25
genomic organization	25
treatment strategies	25
acute phase	25
trb genes	25
strand cdna	25
induced gene	25
association study	25
leading cause	25
ifitm genes	25
provide evidence	25
cycle progression	25
reduced expression	25
therapeutic genes	25
various diseases	25
treatment group	25
multiple testing	25
comprehensive analysis	25
dna samples	25
genetic risk	25
cytokine receptor	25
also show	25
alkaline phosphatase	25
complex formation	25
hearing loss	25
cord blood	25
expression value	25
immunosorbent assay	25
cells ml	25
using high	25
subcellular localization	25
spike protein	25
two species	25
salmonella typhimurium	25
normal samples	25
cancer research	25
highly sensitive	25
clinical applications	25
viral disease	25
dawley rats	25
rr ij	25
sevenband grouper	25
cellular response	25
ibv infection	25
mouse lung	25
cells per	25
significant decrease	25
usage pattern	25
higher expression	25
mutation rate	25
viral entry	25
previously shown	25
specific group	25
nnv infection	25
virulence gene	25
evolutionarily conserved	25
particle size	25
critically ill	25
among genes	25
olfactory bulb	25
transduction efficiency	25
experimental studies	25
thermo fisher	25
bladder cancer	25
coronavirus disease	25
testicular function	25
cst gene	25
cdna libraries	25
may increase	25
regulatory proteins	25
transgenic mouse	25
novel coronavirus	25
induced ali	25
nk cells	25
great interest	25
sperm excretory	25
level expression	25
farm animals	25
university hospital	25
clinical outcome	25
pathways involved	25
functional annotation	25
data types	25
enzymes involved	25
biological activities	25
murine model	25
cell lysates	24
salmonella enterica	24
different experimental	24
protein coupled	24
dysregulated genes	24
significant correlation	24
also detected	24
replacement therapy	24
heavy metals	24
different doses	24
sarcoma virus	24
adaptive immunity	24
acid binding	24
therapeutic agents	24
nosed bat	24
lysosomal storage	24
years old	24
provide insight	24
drug metabolism	24
horizontal gene	24
transcript levels	24
autoimmune disease	24
next step	24
recently identified	24
genomic sequences	24
defense mechanisms	24
salivary glands	24
study design	24
study provides	24
genes will	24
metabolic processes	24
negative regulator	24
genbank accession	24
systematic review	24
well established	24
vascular permeability	24
clinical application	24
plant growth	24
sequence homology	24
constructed using	24
dna fragments	24
intronless genes	24
national center	24
increased susceptibility	24
horseshoe bat	24
low level	24
elongation factor	24
therapeutic applications	24
targeted delivery	24
expressed sequence	24
profi les	24
transcriptomic analysis	24
antiviral immunity	24
olfactory epithelium	24
previous work	24
binding affinity	24
surface area	24
group compared	24
vector system	24
systemic delivery	24
specific targeting	24
oxide synthase	24
common bean	24
normal cells	24
double strand	24
disease pathogenesis	24
bacterial genomes	24
ifitm proteins	24
gene expressions	24
expression networks	24
interaction networks	24
two strains	24
regulatory genes	24
different conditions	24
liver cancer	24
synonymous mutation	24
clinical presentation	24
recombination events	24
per year	24
much less	24
function mutations	24
often used	24
study will	24
genes among	24
age groups	24
recently described	24
nadph oxidase	24
analysis reveals	24
receptor binding	24
total antioxidant	24
potential use	24
findings indicate	24
new technologies	24
gene promoter	24
expressed proteins	24
glutathione peroxidase	24
allele frequency	24
related protein	24
inhibitory activity	24
data demonstrate	24
using specific	24
weight loss	24
encoding genes	24
testicular dysgenesis	24
human leukocyte	24
i ifn	24
old world	23
new drug	23
economic losses	23
tubular diameter	23
genes across	23
frequently used	23
antioxidant activity	23
kda protein	23
three types	23
molecular pathology	23
affected individuals	23
human cancers	23
one case	23
linked immunosorbent	23
model organisms	23
genomic analysis	23
genetic testing	23
dependent rna	23
marker gene	23
binding domains	23
antitumor activity	23
national institutes	23
poor prognosis	23
genes exhibiting	23
cellular component	23
expression using	23
per cell	23
gene interaction	23
provide new	23
kinase inhibitor	23
will enable	23
also possible	23
also called	23
powerful tool	23
alternatively spliced	23
also play	23
significant changes	23
genetic modification	23
strains isolated	23
identified several	23
severe asthma	23
recognition receptors	23
creative commons	23
virus strain	23
glutamic acid	23
across different	23
specific cd	23
small nucleolar	23
chemokine receptor	23
expression profi	23
log fold	23
base pair	23
allows us	23
transgenic animal	23
mtt assay	23
nuclear import	23
encephalitis virus	23
dividing cells	23
well tolerated	23
rna structure	23
binding activity	23
bacterial cells	23
will require	23
several groups	23
plant cells	23
artificial chromosome	23
gene variants	23
guanine nucleotide	23
gene segments	23
mean age	23
host evolution	23
vector expressing	23
infertile patients	23
negatively correlated	23
evolutionary history	23
deletion mutants	23
cardiac hypertrophy	23
kinase activity	23
cellular responses	23
ubiquitously expressed	23
rna integrity	23
live cell	23
one patient	23
vivo studies	23
gave rise	23
delivery vectors	23
efficient delivery	23
infected plants	23
also revealed	23
split dnae	23
raw data	23
usage patterns	23
may influence	23
yeast cells	23
diabetic rats	23
serial analysis	23
virus glycoprotein	23
culture supernatants	23
antisense strand	23
genetic association	23
rnase iii	23
statistical methods	23
also performed	23
signaling molecules	23
cellular functions	23
split intein	23
healthy subjects	23
giving rise	23
preliminary data	23
lamina propria	23
healthy volunteers	23
genetic stability	23
microarray gene	23
mrna level	23
endosomal escape	23
alternative approach	22
i clinical	22
kidney disease	22
potential drug	22
transcriptome sequencing	22
leader sequence	22
renal failure	22
medical school	22
close proximity	22
gene finding	22
white blood	22
accurate normalization	22
extensively studied	22
cancer development	22
elastic fi	22
health care	22
reverse genetics	22
dna technology	22
modi fi	22
valproic acid	22
quantified using	22
cell membranes	22
specific transcripts	22
undescended testes	22
common cause	22
gene clusters	22
diffi cult	22
growth retardation	22
splice variants	22
expression across	22
cells also	22
cell densities	22
biological samples	22
recently developed	22
use committee	22
radical prostatectomy	22
gene interactions	22
intravenous injection	22
pcr results	22
releasing hormone	22
structural changes	22
transgenic zebrafish	22
internal initiation	22
uric acid	22
feline coronavirus	22
abiotic stress	22
secretory pathway	22
mouse genome	22
virus vector	22
seminiferous tubule	22
carcinoma cell	22
expression cassette	22
also reported	22
rice tungro	22
mutation carriers	22
mediated delivery	22
rna binding	22
flow cytometric	22
rna editing	22
altered expression	22
sample preparation	22
human epididymis	22
lung adenocarcinoma	22
data generated	22
induced genes	22
therapeutic effect	22
type cells	22
resistant bacteria	22
results will	22
large quantities	22
rna extraction	22
clinical manifestations	22
testicular enlargement	22
wavelet based	22
economically important	22
immune cell	22
sperm motility	22
proteins may	22
study demonstrated	22
specific protein	22
restriction sites	22
another important	22
two patients	22
essential gene	22
highly correlated	22
pcr assay	22
maturation arrest	22
specific antibody	22
factor gene	22
bronchial epithelial	22
proteomic analysis	22
energy transfer	22
data mining	22
complementary dna	22
highly enriched	22
myofi broblasts	22
genes might	22
human blood	22
identify potential	22
fisher scientific	22
lung cells	22
protein binding	22
plasmodium falciparum	22
recombinant baculoviruses	22
genomic rna	22
new species	22
factors involved	22
way anova	22
posted september	22
delivery methods	22
estrogen receptor	22
cell maturation	22
hours post	22
apoptotic cells	22
interferon gene	22
human genetic	22
transcriptional regulator	22
ethanol production	22
become available	21
tissue types	21
detected using	21
immune systems	21
world health	21
nuclear polyhedrosis	21
experimental evidence	21
transient expression	21
using pcr	21
regulatory protein	21
macaque genome	21
elevated serum	21
therapeutic effects	21
baculoviral vectors	21
small intestine	21
yeast extract	21
across multiple	21
per day	21
inhibitory factor	21
bat transcriptome	21
five different	21
constitutively expressed	21
structural genes	21
umbilical cord	21
steroid hormones	21
fluorescence microscopy	21
chronic inflammatory	21
well plates	21
shed light	21
cytotoxic activity	21
mesenchymal transition	21
genome editing	21
mammalian gene	21
many years	21
showed increased	21
dna fragment	21
messenger rnas	21
contralateral testis	21
will become	21
bcg vaccination	21
reference sequence	21
protein folding	21
genome sizes	21
free medium	21
mediated immunity	21
fully understood	21
protein nanoparticles	21
two samples	21
neutralizing antibody	21
cells without	21
basal lamina	21
now available	21
batch culture	21
acute lymphoblastic	21
cell counts	21
ncbi reference	21
specific immune	21
russian science	21
epidemiological studies	21
inflammatory mediators	21
biology approach	21
specific dna	21
aug start	21
rat model	21
organ dysfunction	21
congenital adrenal	21
cells grown	21
like growth	21
line development	21
gene usage	21
molecular markers	21
specific binding	21
male mice	21
lymphoblastic leukemia	21
scale production	21
respiratory failure	21
genome organization	21
one year	21
conducted using	21
hairpin rna	21
available data	21
regression analysis	21
dwarf virus	21
national cancer	21
tissue type	21
large amount	21
leukocyte receptor	21
four times	21
vp gene	21
cell numbers	21
one study	21
polyhedrosis virus	21
dorsal root	21
lactate dehydrogenase	21
ligand binding	21
cbnp exposure	21
protective role	21
cell fusion	21
alveolar epithelial	21
using three	21
receptor antagonist	21
cell neoplasia	21
magnetic resonance	21
transgenic pigs	21
phase iii	21
insensitivity syndrome	21
interferon response	21
see section	21
high performance	21
complement system	21
sequence tags	21
airway hyper	21
drug resistant	21
primer pairs	21
high sequence	21
severe combined	21
acid identity	21
united kingdom	21
transduction pathway	21
coronary artery	21
severe sepsis	21
relationships among	21
preclinical studies	21
million years	21
pcr system	21
human papillomavirus	21
mortality rate	21
disease models	21
chinese rufous	21
lung carcinoma	21
irae groups	21
gold standard	21
qpcr analysis	21
disease states	21
factor alpha	21
mrna decay	21
using various	21
rna expression	21
normal tissues	21
cell nuclear	21
important genes	21
principal component	21
recent progress	21
factor binding	21
medical research	21
murine cytomegalovirus	21
major challenge	21
dna molecule	21
profi le	21
ph values	21
gene annotation	21
carbon sources	21
lesser extent	21
upstream open	21
molecular methods	21
functional categories	21
burkitt lymphoma	21
chromatin structure	21
flanking region	21
wide expression	21
transmembrane domain	21
human serum	21
ionizing radiation	21
north american	21
genetic disease	21
gene may	21
airway remodeling	21
vivo delivery	21
normal tissue	21
fungal species	21
rufous horseshoe	21
based denoising	21
published data	20
expression network	20
using either	20
enzyme production	20
conductance regulator	20
previous reports	20
based therapy	20
genes without	20
severe covid	20
false positives	20
results provide	20
controlled trial	20
splicing factor	20
cohort study	20
deduced amino	20
terminal region	20
human clinical	20
target sequence	20
host species	20
probably due	20
strong evidence	20
metabolic network	20
gc content	20
three years	20
normalized expression	20
based analysis	20
component analysis	20
chemically modified	20
higher transfection	20
acid bacteria	20
mortality rates	20
error rate	20
interferon signaling	20
muscular atrophy	20
translational modifications	20
ca influx	20
type iv	20
reservoir host	20
cellular proliferation	20
studies will	20
important factor	20
data collection	20
blood cell	20
insuffi ciency	20
phosphate buffer	20
type mice	20
informed consent	20
type virus	20
bovine coronavirus	20
nondividing cells	20
transmembrane conductance	20
intracellular ca	20
calcium phosphate	20
lipid droplet	20
great deal	20
human beings	20
phylogenetic analyses	20
based methods	20
hormone receptor	20
mechanical ventilation	20
luteinizing hormone	20
infected samples	20
therapeutic strategy	20
fibrosis transmembrane	20
intratumoral injection	20
high molecular	20
increased significantly	20
higher risk	20
protease inhibitors	20
cellular localization	20
coated vesicles	20
batch cultures	20
see table	20
microarray results	20
metabolic pathway	20
several years	20
expression may	20
yellow fever	20
viral loads	20
cellular function	20
cells treated	20
newcastle disease	20
encode proteins	20
gene polymorphisms	20
vitro assays	20
mutual information	20
genetic cause	20
six genes	20
testicular interstitium	20
shake flasks	20
may act	20
envelope glycoprotein	20
tight junction	20
produced using	20
false positive	20
related proteins	20
porcine alveolar	20
encoded proteins	20
potential targets	20
small rnas	20
precursor protein	20
posterior probability	20
like proteins	20
ductuli efferentes	20
large gene	20
colon carcinoma	20
physiological conditions	20
carbonic anhydrase	20
insulin secretion	20
agilent technologies	20
sialic acid	20
antimicrobial agents	20
mouse cst	20
glucose tolerance	20
primary testicular	20
gene order	20
medium composition	20
allow us	20
functional properties	20
retinoic acid	20
culture systems	20
results suggested	20
causing mutations	20
genetic recombination	20
using dna	20
seq datasets	20
nucleotide exchange	20
cre recombinase	20
syndrome patients	20
receptor tyrosine	20
clinical study	20
maximum expression	20
classical swine	20
blood glucose	20
short time	20
binding capacity	20
antigen receptor	20
gene functions	20
two additional	20
mouse embryonic	20
red blood	20
personalized medicine	20
dependent kinase	20
regulatory network	20
therapy vectors	20
specific promoters	20
polymerase ii	20
horizontal evolution	20
multiplex pcr	20
experimental animals	20
million people	20
become increasingly	20
genes encode	20
cystic dysplasia	20
conserved regions	20
protein products	20
alveolar proteinosis	19
pqs kbp	19
widely distributed	19
disease research	19
guinea pigs	19
study shows	19
sequencing reads	19
colony formation	19
specific productivity	19
extracted using	19
surface proteins	19
viruliferous wbph	19
promoter regions	19
health problem	19
certain genes	19
novel approach	19
best reference	19
i gene	19
significant number	19
freely available	19
cell metabolism	19
splice sites	19
disease causing	19
human mast	19
critical care	19
significant enrichment	19
bombyx mori	19
healthy control	19
stably expressing	19
liver disease	19
cultured human	19
genes expression	19
oxidant status	19
data showed	19
movement protein	19
dna strands	19
topological support	19
different strains	19
developed countries	19
log fc	19
complex i	19
cellular level	19
experiments showed	19
cell morphology	19
therapeutic target	19
base composition	19
expression datasets	19
early time	19
darwinian theory	19
gene amplification	19
organic acids	19
glucose levels	19