trigram

This is a table of type trigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

trigram	frequency
in this study	156
of h n	155
h n influenza	154
influenza a virus	147
the number of	139
h n virus	130
as well as	123
of influenza a	121
h n viruses	120
h n v	118
pandemic h n	113
of influenza virus	112
the h n	98
h n pdm	97
influenza a viruses	94
h n and	92
pandemic influenza a	90
the united states	87
of pandemic influenza	86
according to the	81
in order to	78
of the pandemic	77
of the influenza	76
data not shown	74
a h n	72
one of the	72
in the united	71
the presence of	70
in hong kong	70
respiratory syncytial virus	69
based on the	68
influenza h n	65
a total of	65
due to the	64
world health organization	64
the use of	64
influenza a h	62
and h n	61
of respiratory viruses	61
in our study	60
the proportion of	60
of influenza viruses	60
a and b	59
at least one	59
influenza c virus	58
severe acute respiratory	57
influenza virus infection	55
h n pandemic	55
influenza a and	54
the prevalence of	53
the impact of	52
positive for influenza	52
of the virus	51
the influenza a	49
seasonal influenza a	49
for influenza a	48
other respiratory viruses	48
to determine the	48
of seasonal influenza	48
of influenza in	48
the risk of	48
the influenza virus	48
and other respiratory	47
n influenza virus	47
for disease control	47
compared to the	47
this study was	46
disease control and	45
the most common	45
of the h	45
control and prevention	45
was used to	45
was defined as	45
influenza viruses in	44
respiratory tract infections	44
the results of	43
of the epidemic	43
to assess the	42
the majority of	42
acute respiratory infections	42
the end of	42
the percentage of	42
more likely to	41
ministry of health	41
with h n	41
morbidity and mortality	41
the absence of	41
of the study	41
to display the	41
we found that	41
human h n	40
medrxiv a license	40
avian influenza viruses	40
the copyright holder	40
the spread of	40
copyright holder for	40
a license to	40
the role of	40
license to display	40
respiratory viruses in	40
has granted medrxiv	40
for this preprint	40
preprint in perpetuity	40
who has granted	40
the preprint in	40
holder for this	40
granted medrxiv a	40
display the preprint	40
of this study	39
years of age	39
was detected in	38
pathogenic avian influenza	38
the development of	37
in patients with	37
the first wave	37
the effect of	37
we used the	37
the present study	36
acute respiratory illness	36
influenza and other	36
the onset of	36
which was not	36
influenza surveillance in	35
were used to	35
centers for disease	35
the ili surge	35
polymerase chain reaction	35
n influenza viruses	35
part of the	35
in the us	34
acute respiratory infection	34
the emergence of	34
the incidence of	34
found to be	34
influenza virus in	34
a number of	33
in mdck cells	33
ae and ae	33
in the netherlands	32
n and h	32
of the population	32
in the study	32
of the ili	32
in h n	32
patients with ili	31
as previously described	31
and pandemic influenza	31
were obtained from	31
the start of	31
in the general	31
control of influenza	31
ha and na	31
viruses in the	31
h n infection	30
seasonal and pandemic	30
influenza virus a	30
n influenza a	30
lower respiratory tract	30
the rate of	30
of ph n	30
detected in the	30
the general population	30
during the hajj	30
the beginning of	30
in addition to	30
number of patients	30
seasonal h n	30
samples were collected	29
ili and sari	29
influenza in the	29
respiratory infections in	29
highly pathogenic avian	29
of patients with	29
of ili cases	28
the effects of	28
this preprint this	28
detection of influenza	28
the control of	28
surveillance of influenza	28
like illness in	28
were collected from	28
the world health	28
similar to the	28
was observed in	28
prevention and control	28
transmission of influenza	27
for influenza virus	27
or sore throat	27
the author funder	27
the epidemiology of	27
preprint this version	27
the importance of	27
showed that the	27
the need for	27
for h n	27
seasonal influenza viruses	27
the study period	27
of pandemic h	27
is the author	27
incidence of ili	27
the lack of	27
upper respiratory tract	27
human influenza a	27
this version posted	27
respiratory viral infections	26
shown in table	26
to evaluate the	26
end of the	26
each of the	26
the time of	26
for seasonal influenza	26
to h n	26
with acute respiratory	26
total number of	26
in the same	26
the total number	25
for pandemic influenza	25
the detection of	25
respiratory virus infections	25
of the first	25
of influenza and	25
the influenza season	25
the pandemic influenza	25
there was a	25
such as the	25
after the first	25
were positive for	25
to the pandemic	25
the effectiveness of	25
virus in the	25
is made available	24
beginning of the	24
it is made	24
of viral shedding	24
of ili in	24
influenza b virus	24
made available under	24
international license it	24
as shown in	24
license it is	24
factors associated with	24
definition of ili	24
in the absence	24
as part of	24
during the pandemic	24
in the lungs	24
the ministry of	24
impact of the	24
available under a	24
we did not	24
of respiratory pathogens	24
were found to	24
of the vaccine	23
consistent with the	23
cough or sore	23
influenza virus was	23
virus infection in	23
of the viruses	23
the burden of	23
the course of	23
may not be	23
was determined by	23
embryonated chicken eggs	23
study was to	23
as compared to	23
sentinel surveillance system	23
influenza viruses were	23
were detected in	23
pandemic influenza virus	23
avian influenza a	23
be used to	23
real time rt	23
risk factors for	23
likely to be	23
of ili patients	22
swine influenza viruses	22
antibody response to	22
the peak of	22
to ph n	22
analysis of the	22
well as the	22
in the first	22
obtained from the	22
and b viruses	22
ili in the	22
of acute respiratory	22
at the same	22
number of cases	22
in terms of	22
of influenza vaccine	22
and seasonal influenza	22
is consistent with	22
are shown in	22
to estimate the	22
the other hand	22
in which the	22
the performance of	22
the pandemic h	22
virus was detected	22
of respiratory infections	22
on the other	22
the rest of	22
this study were	22
the h y	22
tested positive for	22
median age of	21
of influenza infection	21
n pdm virus	21
for at least	21
of a novel	21
some of the	21
h n laiv	21
during the study	21
were infected with	21
acute respiratory syndrome	21
in the elderly	21
was used for	21
with influenza a	21
the definition of	21
the cells were	21
in the presence	21
all of the	21
in contrast to	21
were more likely	20
influenza viruses and	20
for influenza surveillance	20
associated with ili	20
included in the	20
of infection and	20
in the community	20
was performed using	20
less likely to	20
patients with influenza	20
h n vaccine	20
the aim of	20
one or more	20
avian h n	20
pandemic influenza in	20
all age groups	20
associated with a	20
in southern china	20
during the first	20
found that the	20
respiratory tract infection	20
origin influenza a	20
results of the	20
for the control	20
the pandemic virus	20
was the most	20
fast set infa	20
to that of	20
a combination of	20
in the na	20
compared with the	20
found in the	20
changes in the	20
were tested for	20
there was no	19
have been reported	19
in influenza a	19
of icu admissions	19
at the time	19
early detection of	19
viral respiratory infections	19
role in the	19
first wave of	19
was carried out	19
under years old	19
pandemic influenza viruses	19
and control of	19
an influenza pandemic	19
ili was defined	19
observed in the	19
a range of	19
and influenza b	19
to investigate the	19
across the us	19
to account for	19
analysis was performed	19
was obtained from	19
because of the	19
for public health	19
of swine influenza	19
the association between	19
more than one	19
for detection of	19
influenza virus and	19
the distribution of	19
of the following	19
a subset of	19
the ability to	19
shown in figure	19
was supported by	18
the splicing of	18
be associated with	18
the case of	18
with seasonal influenza	18
were able to	18
avian influenza virus	18
ae versus ae	18
in the second	18
data on the	18
swine influenza virus	18
the fact that	18
of the two	18
mdck pf cells	18
seasonal influenza vaccine	18
of an influenza	18
related to the	18
influenza surveillance system	18
of influenza c	18
influenza vaccine effectiveness	18
seasonal influenza vaccination	18
provided by the	18
higher than that	18
it is possible	18
and influenza a	18
antigenic and genetic	18
in the present	18
be due to	18
to compare the	18
the ability of	18
be explained by	17
influenza virus infections	17
influenza infection in	17
of the data	17
mutation in the	17
the hong kong	17
associated with influenza	17
were the most	17
were included in	17
shown to be	17
of avian influenza	17
detection of respiratory	17
the same time	17
is associated with	17
seasonal influenza virus	17
of the patients	17
least one of	17
sensitivity and specificity	17
the most commonly	17
the national influenza	17
influenza b viruses	17
with influenza virus	17
by the who	17
household transmission of	17
was associated with	17
rest of the	17
similar to that	17
surveillance system in	17
viruses isolated from	17
characteristics of the	17
to be a	17
use of the	17
it is important	17
of these viruses	17
were isolated from	17
the primary case	17
live attenuated influenza	17
the pathogenesis of	16
of public health	16
prevalence of sars	16
was found in	16
options for the	16
was not certified	16
a variety of	16
during and after	16
prior to the	16
viruses were detected	16
a systematic review	16
of influenza vii	16
is based on	16
h and h	16
based on a	16
in the case	16
associated with the	16
defined as the	16
of human influenza	16
could be used	16
of school closure	16
in a study	16
diagnosis of influenza	16
proportion of ili	16
the ili surveillance	16
were observed in	16
n pdm viruses	16
aim of this	16
h n in	16
the context of	16
the outbreak of	16
influenza vaccine in	16
the severity of	16
in combination with	16
and pandemic h	16
sari and ili	16
it has been	16
the median age	16
intensive care unit	16
increase in the	16
any of the	16
not certified by	16
in mdck pf	16
and end of	16
a role in	16
in the ili	16
account for the	16
certified by peer	16
by peer review	16
were identified in	16
the epidemic period	16
to understand the	16
to the influenza	16
were used for	15
swine h n	15
darby canine kidney	15
influenza virus transmission	15
average number of	15
results suggest that	15
were similar to	15
after the second	15
before and after	15
of the ha	15
likely to have	15
infections in the	15
the possibility of	15
rates of fever	15
there were no	15
admitted to the	15
the amount of	15
there is a	15
avian influenza h	15
the expression of	15
from patients with	15
in relation to	15
viruses isolated in	15
could not be	15
pandemic and seasonal	15
the exception of	15
that of the	15
with the exception	15
in the number	15
infection in the	15
of viral respiratory	15
all rights reserved	15
r t p	15
of infectious diseases	15
of the other	15
consent was obtained	15
in the pandemic	15
patients infected with	15
virus infections in	15
for early detection	15
a viruses in	15
and respiratory syncytial	15
influenza pandemic in	15
clinical characteristics of	15
strains of influenza	15
the centers for	15
mdck cell culture	15
t p h	15
used for the	15
differences in the	15
and after the	15
is possible that	15
of the disease	15
and sari cases	15
in the influenza	15
an increase in	14
p p p	14
of respiratory viral	14
no reuse allowed	14
the respiratory tract	14
the occurrence of	14
the d g	14
with respect to	14
icu admissions with	14
involved in the	14
n pandemic influenza	14
patients with severe	14
sensitivity of the	14
of respiratory tract	14
the need to	14
fluor tm assay	14
relative to the	14
there is no	14
may be a	14
the ili sentinel	14
compared to other	14
we used a	14
was performed in	14
of ili and	14
is important to	14
the average number	14
higher than the	14
australian hajj pilgrims	14
the seasonal influenza	14
number of samples	14
were identified for	14
viruses circulating in	14
associated with an	14
novel influenza a	14
allowed without permission	14
by real time	14
the value of	14
as a result	14
in the two	14
results showed that	14
small number of	14
of influenza vaccination	14
signs and symptoms	14
version posted june	14
for the detection	14
h y na	14
been shown to	14
other than influenza	14
and na genes	14
used in this	14
influenza sentinel surveillance	14
of the national	14
to detect influenza	14
among hajj pilgrims	14
y na mutation	14
increased risk of	14
the study was	14
we compared the	14
important role in	14
reuse allowed without	14
an important role	14
were associated with	14
and in the	14
the upper respiratory	14
at room temperature	14
years or older	14
surveillance in the	14
the study population	14
this study is	14
between the two	14
the seasonal threshold	14
may have been	14
c virus m	14
alveolar epithelial cells	14
of fever in	14
can be used	14
in the context	14
emergence of a	14
was added to	14
respiratory viruses and	14
a panel of	14
ili surveillance system	14
ae log tcid	14
influenza like illness	14
amino acid changes	14
start of the	14
are associated with	14
version posted april	13
with at least	13
public health surveillance	13
by the national	13
high rates of	13
of hong kong	13
was not peer	13
acute respiratory symptoms	13
were collected and	13
pathogenic h n	13
is defined as	13
n viruses in	13
were performed in	13
used in the	13
acute respiratory tract	13
we calculated the	13
the pandemic strain	13
compared with those	13
other respiratory pathogens	13
fast set h	13
in children with	13
events in which	13
set h n	13
we would like	13
at the beginning	13
transmission of respiratory	13
similar to those	13
of the total	13
to seasonal influenza	13
the timing of	13
highly pathogenic h	13
influenza virus strains	13
for influenza b	13
approved by the	13
supported by the	13
addition to the	13
origin h n	13
the contribution of	13
due to covid	13
clinical case definitions	13
was higher than	13
detection of the	13
did not have	13
with ili in	13
would like to	13
body weight loss	13
written informed consent	13
the influence of	13
considered to be	13
moving epidemic method	13
n virus in	13
were treated with	13
a public health	13
h n disease	13
age of the	13
the who method	13
number of ili	13
was found to	13
the southern hemisphere	13
most commonly detected	13
data from the	13
performance of the	13
the epidemic curve	13
a virus m	13
titers in the	13
and influenza virus	13
at the end	13
national institute of	13
burden of influenza	13
presence or absence	13
of pdmh n	13
of the pb	13
virus in humans	13
is one of	13
was reported in	13
human seasonal influenza	13
with influenza and	13
like illness and	13
of influenza surveillance	13
the vaccine strain	13
within the us	13
h y mutation	13
h n avian	13
ili sentinel surveillance	13
changes in flu	13
for the study	13
the duration of	13
respiratory syndrome coronavirus	13
significantly higher than	13
ili incidence rates	13
or absence of	13
patients with rsv	13
most of the	13
of the new	12
case detection rate	12
virus m protein	12
of influenza b	12
control chart method	12
influenza viruses from	12
under a is	12
to identify the	12
we assume that	12
in the epidemic	12
to pandemic influenza	12
in the lung	12
influenza viruses circulating	12
modes of transmission	12
high levels of	12
months to years	12
pandemic influenza h	12
tested for influenza	12
indoor air pollution	12
two doses of	12
respiratory infection in	12
the second vaccination	12
infected with influenza	12
a is the	12
from ae to	12
patterns of viral	12
virus replication in	12
the participant was	12
none of the	12
a series of	12
the dynamics of	12
peak of the	12
positive predictive value	12
appears to be	12
impact of influenza	12
that can be	12
of preventive measures	12
n avian influenza	12
the lower respiratory	12
to reduce the	12
estimates of the	12
influenza virus is	12
in response to	12
logistic regression model	12
analyses were conducted	12
virus ns protein	12
innate sensing receptors	12
to the virus	12
wave of the	12
was able to	12
the transmission of	12
the level of	12
percentage of icu	12
to influenza a	12
comparison of the	12
influenza surveillance data	12
the moving epidemic	12
and severe acute	12
respiratory illness in	12
specimens were collected	12
respiratory viruses were	12
and the other	12
and stored at	12
those who were	12
was evaluated by	12
in developing countries	12
n viruses were	12
were significantly higher	12
for the first	12
centre for disease	12
to the study	12
depending on the	12
identification of the	12
understanding of the	12
real time pcr	12
cases of pandemic	12
influenza surveillance systems	12
and sore throat	12
and use of	12
n v pandemic	12
c virus ns	12
was similar to	12
sore throat and	12
rna was extracted	12
suggests that the	12
the sentinel sites	12
against influenza a	12
under a author	12
hpai h n	12
a author funder	12
of the samples	12
the national institute	12
were excluded from	12
members of the	12
passengers and crew	12
spread of the	12
onset of symptoms	12
age and sex	12
of secondary cases	12
in each of	12
tract infections in	12
and severity of	12
was higher in	12
to describe the	12
was approved by	12
influenza virus circulation	12
that h n	12
in the home	12
the generation of	12
in north america	11
for ili and	11
number of influenza	11
in the household	11
in agreement with	11
present in the	11
in the proportion	11
least one virus	11
human respiratory tract	11
department of health	11
on the basis	11
was the primary	11
the cause of	11
is the most	11
and transmission of	11
it should be	11
strain of influenza	11
with the use	11
been associated with	11
this work was	11
during the early	11
ranged from to	11
public health research	11
for influenza viruses	11
surveillance system for	11
for each of	11
irf and nf	11
with the pandemic	11
mice infected with	11
viral infections in	11
a novel swine	11
the ratio of	11
the basis of	11
are more likely	11
scenario as follows	11
using the who	11
of the respiratory	11
of the most	11
sudden onset of	11
ili cases were	11
in infected cells	11
a or b	11
genetic characteristics of	11
in comparison with	11
we found a	11
contribute to the	11
the ha gene	11
of influenza activity	11
use of preventive	11
the true prevalence	11
carried out in	11
virus and the	11
number of secondary	11
obtained with the	11
rate of the	11
the analysis of	11
and ili patients	11
need to be	11
of a pandemic	11
lower than that	11
was isolated from	11
n infection in	11
these results suggest	11
in children and	11
the circulation of	11
of the viral	11
patients in the	11
not associated with	11
have shown that	11
early in the	11
a study of	11
of health and	11
as described previously	11
in the control	11
throughout the year	11
of health of	11
the study design	11
ae to ae	11
known to be	11
high prevalence of	11
the results were	11
and crew members	11
the mem method	11
number of confirmed	11
least one respiratory	11
to be the	11
in the usa	11
response to ph	11
of highly pathogenic	11
from the national	11
a pandemic influenza	11
the day of	11
influenza a or	11
may lead to	11
the first pandemic	11
in the early	11
suggest that the	11
in china and	11
of the manuscript	11
the ha and	11
that influenza virus	11
in the tropics	11
phylogenetic analysis of	11
the surveillance data	11
against h n	11
the induction of	11
na genes of	11
transcription polymerase chain	11
that could be	11
the pandemic and	11
topics were identified	11
and incubated for	11
the clinical rate	11
ha cleavage site	11
the patterns of	11
to have a	11
infants under years	11
in human macrophages	11
response to the	11
those of the	11
febrile respiratory illness	11
influenzae type b	11
in the human	11
were conducted in	11
whether or not	11
symptoms in the	11
the potential for	11
days after the	11
transmission of pandemic	11
of the swine	11
identification of a	11
located in the	10
during an influenza	10
was conducted in	10
prevalence of influenza	10
closely related to	10
role of the	10
when compared with	10
infected with h	10
demonstrated that the	10
a virus in	10
effects of school	10
is the first	10
and cough or	10
ili cases and	10
this is the	10
an average of	10
defined as a	10
during a pandemic	10
cells in the	10
patients hospitalized with	10
than in the	10
h n swine	10
surveillance data of	10
disease prevention and	10
the relationship between	10
more common in	10
decrease in the	10
mspl and tmprss	10
of human h	10
testing positive for	10
swabs were collected	10
in young children	10
of the final	10
spread of pandemic	10
level allergenic pollen	10
in the model	10
a decrease in	10
that the h	10
from h n	10
development of a	10
cases in the	10
positive for at	10
the first imported	10
start and end	10
replication in the	10
viral isolation and	10
h n strains	10
more than of	10
for use in	10
informed consent was	10
of influenza epidemics	10
higher risk of	10
with pandemic h	10
did not show	10
significantly associated with	10
to influenza virus	10
with a respiratory	10
influenza virus positive	10
with the same	10
of individuals with	10
were inoculated with	10
found to have	10
circulating in humans	10
h n infected	10
public health and	10
to be more	10
to the who	10
a history of	10
the efficacy of	10
the sandwich elisa	10
symptoms and signs	10
in humans and	10
with influenza viruses	10
were consistent with	10
lower than the	10
the seasonality of	10
against pandemic influenza	10
for detection and	10
detection rate of	10
in zhejiang province	10
for disease prevention	10
can be explained	10
week to week	10
pilgrims during the	10
that may be	10
duration of the	10
and does not	10
at least two	10
and genetic characteristics	10
influenza transmission in	10
was performed by	10
the ph n	10
viruses were isolated	10
no significant differences	10
was extracted from	10
the current week	10
it was shown	10
difference between the	10
a lack of	10
health care utilization	10
influenza epidemics in	10
are needed to	10
is similar to	10
cells were infected	10
which the participant	10
belonging to the	10
by influenza virus	10
were analyzed by	10
resistant h n	10
the case definition	10
the method of	10
large numbers of	10
conflicts of interest	10
in the future	10
than that of	10
passive immunotherapy program	10
used to estimate	10
spread of influenza	10
of infection in	10
estimation of the	10
attenuated influenza vaccine	10
ph n infection	10
and throat swabs	10
in the lower	10
to the seasonal	10
a virus infection	10
onset of infectiousness	10
was shown that	10
lineages and sub	10
taking into account	10
are consistent with	10
against the pandemic	10
the first time	10
sentinel surveillance in	10
the frequency of	10
the ili definition	10
be able to	10
higher proportion of	10
h n subtype	10
in all age	10
were due to	10
in south africa	10
the human respiratory	10
new york city	10
during the influenza	10
smoking in the	10
history of fever	10
among those who	10
for influenza and	10
be caused by	10
study was conducted	10
part of a	10
influenza viruses are	10
of transmission of	10
objective of this	10
the data of	10
was significantly higher	10
hospitalized with ili	10
due to influenza	10
show that the	10
n v viruses	10
of a season	10
seasonal influenza in	10
characteristics of swine	10
the probability that	10
n and a	10
used to detect	10
transmission in the	10
among patients with	10
of ili visits	10
with the h	10
many of the	10
of the infected	10
of the novel	10
epidemiology of human	10
included in this	10
h n strain	10
significantly higher in	10
novel h n	10
study of the	10
the influenza c	9
mean age of	9
of ili was	9
to improve the	9
confirmed influenza virus	9
enrolled in the	9
school aged children	9
vaccinated with the	9
of morbidity and	9
in embryonated chicken	9
the sensitivity of	9
onset of fever	9
by multiplex pcr	9
from the first	9
with more than	9
in older adults	9
n influenza in	9
ili case definitions	9
h n or	9
effect on the	9
n influenza vaccine	9
be used for	9
identified in this	9
our study is	9
with the na	9
at position p	9
of infectious disease	9
sore throat in	9
nasopharyngeal swab specimens	9
predictors of influenza	9
of the average	9
european centre for	9
to note that	9
an influenza epidemic	9
of them were	9
health topics were	9
the ha of	9
compared to those	9
from the analysis	9
age of years	9
and characterization of	9
epidemic in the	9
of irf and	9
we estimated the	9
adults and children	9
was lower than	9
to provide a	9
by h n	9
in the past	9
the lungs of	9
are required to	9
with ili were	9
influenza a in	9
influenza and pneumococcal	9
respiratory infections and	9
information on the	9
influenza viruses a	9
priority public health	9
indicating that the	9
infections in children	9
risk of secondary	9
surveillance and response	9
be attributed to	9
relation to the	9
a respiratory infection	9
h n was	9
the influenza vaccine	9
a recent study	9
influenza virus gene	9
and public health	9
and avian influenza	9
has not been	9
syndromic case detection	9
to other studies	9
the department of	9
of upper respiratory	9
a wide range	9
protein of influenza	9
the second week	9
in the previous	9
for influenza in	9
in other studies	9
the surveillance system	9
may be due	9
subjects vaccinated with	9
in the greater	9
time reverse transcription	9
the surveillance of	9
in the upper	9
detected in of	9
emerging infectious diseases	9
reverse transcription polymerase	9
it is well	9
been reported in	9
based on these	9
value of ae	9
respiratory tract of	9
the m protein	9
by using a	9
majority of the	9
the composite parameter	9
to be associated	9
of our study	9
the fitness of	9
respiratory infections among	9
n viruses isolated	9
national influenza surveillance	9
ili patients and	9
among household contacts	9
the second dose	9
of the covid	9
mild and severe	9
of the university	9
influenza and respiratory	9
in the who	9
laboratory confirmed influenza	9
recommended by who	9
household ili events	9
seasonality of influenza	9
the influenza surveillance	9
the h ha	9
of respiratory virus	9
divided by the	9
to explain the	9
and do not	9
respiratory syncytial viruses	9
and it is	9
pcr was performed	9
of ili episodes	9
viruses belonging to	9
for a pandemic	9
the average epidemic	9
reactive antibody response	9
seasonal influenza and	9
of a new	9
virus was isolated	9
study of influenza	9
of the a	9
to examine the	9
the first vaccination	9
viral titers in	9
ae of the	9
h n vaccines	9
were found in	9
were isolated in	9
the mice were	9
national influenza center	9
the capital city	9
onset of the	9
concentration of pollutants	9
it is not	9
we assumed that	9
after the pandemic	9
study showed that	9
and interpretation of	9
the addition of	9
of respiratory illness	9
was measured by	9
were collected at	9
participant was the	9
key points are	9
has been used	9
confirmed ph n	9
children and adults	9
has been shown	9
and that the	9
children in the	9
the first local	9
of enterovirus d	9
differences in clinical	9
and identification of	9
symptomatic case detection	9
one other household	9
this study we	9
between ae and	9
first local case	9
interpretation of the	9
absence of wheeze	9
to be used	9
samples were tested	9
the age of	9
the influenza pandemic	9
infection in children	9
the length of	9
we were able	9
the objective of	9
and ns genes	9
the greater accra	9
followed by a	9
throughout the study	9
ili due to	9
stage of the	9
infection fatality rate	9
basic reproductive number	9
association between the	9
are the most	9
were required to	9
the levels of	9
were collected in	9
ili cases in	9
responsible for the	9
rapid detection of	9
oseltamivir and zanamivir	9
the epidemiology and	9
wide range of	9
appeared to be	9
an outbreak of	9
of the human	9
and ae of	9
correlated with the	9
the viral load	9
influenza viruses was	9
negative predictive value	9
shows that the	9
response to influenza	9
were determined by	9
be used in	9
other age groups	9
has been reported	9
public health topics	9
is used to	9
study was supported	9
the pdmh n	9
the isolation of	9
the potential to	9
first and second	9
explained by the	9
the start and	9
excluded from the	9
to determine if	9
model for influenza	9
household compound members	9
with severe acute	9
viral etiology of	9
molecular epidemiology of	9
was used as	9
surveillance of respiratory	9
an h n	8
one or two	8
virus m gene	8
acute febrile respiratory	8
h y and	8
admissions with a	8
were asked to	8
prospective study of	8
in infants under	8
the military health	8
agenda for influenza	8
institute of allergy	8
able to detect	8
d g in	8
influenza vaccination of	8
acute lung injury	8
southern hemisphere influenza	8
a novel coronavirus	8
the public health	8
growth rate of	8
the most prevalent	8
other respir viruses	8
the diagnosis of	8
center for disease	8
characterization of h	8
rate of influenza	8
of the model	8
ae log eid	8
at poyang lake	8
the allantoic fluid	8
participated in the	8
size of the	8
to allow for	8
human influenza virus	8
of these studies	8
a median age	8
immune response against	8
as described in	8
in conjunction with	8
of live attenuated	8
unlikely to be	8
subtype h n	8
ph n in	8
course of the	8
the control chart	8
proportion of patients	8
circulating influenza viruses	8
with the highest	8
with the virus	8
low pathogenic avian	8
of severe acute	8
n and seasonal	8
influenza virus type	8
to the high	8
that in the	8
among the elderly	8
for the period	8
y mutation in	8
been detected in	8
that the average	8
and days post	8
used to assess	8
performed using the	8
in line with	8
ia h n	8
to detect and	8
in the ha	8
were less likely	8
vaccine in the	8
influenza type a	8
against ph n	8
research agenda for	8
standards for influenza	8
d g mutant	8
allergy and infectious	8
and those who	8
on the epidemiology	8
stages of the	8
caused by influenza	8
h influenza viruses	8
at the national	8
epidemiology of influenza	8
influenza other respir	8
needs to be	8
in the age	8
the immune system	8
a latrine with	8
those who used	8
a reduction in	8
specificity of the	8
phase of the	8
effectiveness of the	8
randomised controlled trial	8
did not differ	8
children under years	8
middle east respiratory	8
viruses and the	8
and sentinel ducks	8
and mortality in	8
influenza vaccination in	8
adults hospitalized with	8
influenza cases in	8
viruses in children	8
our estimates of	8
acute respiratory disease	8
data of the	8
google flu trends	8
of human seasonal	8
exposure to the	8
that did not	8
review of the	8
suggesting that the	8
genes from the	8
like to thank	8
to neuraminidase inhibitors	8
between and years	8
health of morocco	8
the host response	8
details of the	8
added to the	8
was shown to	8
influenza viruses with	8
the other viruses	8
a reduction of	8
h n ha	8
and the h	8
isolation of influenza	8
used as a	8
effectiveness of influenza	8
were propagated in	8
of pandemic and	8
the basic reproductive	8
the pathogenicity of	8
over years old	8
in of the	8
presence of the	8
of patients seen	8
viruses associated with	8
for respiratory viruses	8
a previous study	8
for production of	8
viral shedding in	8
correlation between the	8
the province of	8
characteristics of influenza	8
than that in	8
institutional review board	8
in the region	8
be found in	8
all influenza a	8
children and young	8
the first and	8
of subjects with	8
caused by the	8
east respiratory syndrome	8
causes of ili	8
of seasonal and	8
air pollution in	8
and the peak	8
influenza virus replication	8
to determine whether	8
model for the	8
we performed a	8
the distance between	8
by the end	8
resistance to oseltamivir	8
of allergy and	8
work was supported	8
used as an	8
as the number	8
serum samples were	8
presenting with ili	8
week of peak	8
the final version	8
on the day	8
over the period	8
in a cohort	8
among australian hajj	8
which is a	8
value of the	8
patients who were	8
early detection and	8
one respiratory symptom	8
than one virus	8
health research agenda	8
for the h	8
data were collected	8
play a role	8
exposed to the	8
is difficult to	8
younger than years	8
ili to death	8
burden of disease	8
and duration of	8
of the outbreak	8
of influenza pandemic	8
the difference between	8
the university of	8
was calculated as	8
shown that the	8
the multiplex assay	8
we demonstrate that	8
transmission of the	8
of school breaks	8
a population of	8
be noted that	8
who did not	8
with respiratory symptoms	8
median week of	8
internal genes from	8
a pandemic scenario	8
two hospitals in	8
public health emergencies	8
of more than	8
school closure on	8
of which were	8
old age group	8
and south america	8
in ili incidence	8
together with the	8
illness associated with	8
during the period	8
with use of	8
in this region	8
seasonal influenza h	8
from this study	8
in case of	8
greater accra region	8
the appearance of	8
us centers for	8
agreement with the	8
analyses were performed	8
the product of	8
potential conflicts of	8
and clinical characteristics	8
against influenza virus	8
clinical signs and	8
we investigated the	8
and infectious diseases	8
we evaluated the	8
and the presence	8
incidence of influenza	8
the comparison of	8
associated with acute	8
splicing of viral	8
using data from	8
from april to	8
the prevalence and	8
limited number of	8
viruses and bacteria	8
mutation d g	8
virus h n	8
seasonal influenza infection	8
of pandemic vaccine	8
the existence of	8
the pandemic wave	8
to detect the	8
a review of	8
advisory committee on	8
of age and	8
in adults with	8
the influenza epidemic	8
to the baseline	8
be used as	8
a virus ns	8
corresponding to the	8
infected by the	8
with respiratory infection	8
sent to the	8
cases have been	8
this age group	8
use of a	8
in vitro and	8
little is known	8
the th week	8
england and wales	8
of avian h	8
that the virus	8
to our knowledge	8
national institute for	8
of influenza vaccines	8
mortality in the	8
led to a	8
human infection with	8
three weeks ahead	8
recommendations of the	8
proportion of individuals	8
a result of	8
the hajj pilgrimage	8
true prevalence of	8
findings suggest that	8
to present with	8
the assumption that	8
was performed with	8
derived from the	8
amino acid substitutions	8
we examined the	8
surveillance for influenza	8
burden of respiratory	8
impact on the	8
performed in the	8
all of these	8
in a previous	8
less than years	8
subtypes of influenza	8
swine influenza a	8
the usefulness of	8
allowed us to	8
in accordance with	8
the viruses were	8
of the results	8
the nice registry	8
we are grateful	7
viral infections of	7
approximately of the	7
the genome of	7
of all the	7
h n were	7
vitro and in	7
the samples were	7
in the multivariate	7
time cell index	7
reported in the	7
data collected from	7
the increase in	7
highly significant inverse	7
effect of school	7
of other respiratory	7
pandemic potential of	7
and may be	7
the weekly number	7
symptoms suggestive of	7
central and south	7
of this new	7
we have used	7
human respiratory syncytial	7
h y virus	7
has been demonstrated	7
genes from a	7
and spread of	7
weight loss and	7
and negative predictive	7
a median of	7
of the full	7
of pandemic a	7
and did not	7
exposure to indoor	7
human airway epithelium	7
admissions with respiratory	7
obtained from all	7
level risk factors	7
week of the	7
were collected for	7
with a high	7
activity in the	7
occurred in the	7
type b and	7
limit of the	7
is needed to	7
infection with the	7
which can be	7
of the number	7
viruses in a	7
of human adenovirus	7
we have developed	7
of antibody to	7
ari and inpatient	7
ili cases was	7
study design and	7
and clinical rates	7
ae lg ha	7
cruise ships in	7
viral respiratory infection	7
indicated that the	7
in the late	7
by the influenza	7
considered in the	7
in west africa	7
antibody responses to	7
and years or	7
prospective cohort study	7
virus in human	7
influenza vaccine and	7
mean concentration of	7
the epidemic in	7
for the presence	7
syncytial virus and	7
in the last	7
infectious latent period	7
of the present	7
with those of	7
cases of ili	7
in the development	7
on the same	7
difference in the	7
viral shedding and	7
in the airway	7
of innate sensing	7
higher rates of	7
from november to	7
the republic of	7
with or without	7
and the percentage	7
for a given	7
in the nasal	7
of the st	7
large number of	7
of the different	7
patients presenting with	7
serve as a	7
winter school breaks	7
the differences in	7
we determined the	7
patients with respiratory	7
was ae log	7
removed from the	7
in collaboration with	7
is known about	7
characterization of the	7
of influenza h	7
and in vivo	7
and seroprotection rates	7
a prospective cohort	7
n virus infection	7
in this paper	7
present study was	7
the possibility that	7
patients among all	7
was applied to	7
the origin of	7
signs of disease	7
materials and methods	7
respiratory viral infection	7
positive for h	7
or h n	7
admitted to hospital	7
for children aged	7
for the pandemic	7
case definition of	7
were admitted to	7
reading and approval	7
this is in	7
for the ili	7
performed using a	7
with h y	7
contrast to the	7
cytokines and chemokines	7
at risk of	7
is unlikely to	7
patients seen by	7
the epidemic threshold	7
complete picture of	7
thresholds for influenza	7
swine origin influenza	7
the th century	7
among sari patients	7
serial dilutions of	7
approval of the	7
peak in the	7
studies were conducted	7
properties of the	7
republic of kazakhstan	7
the introduction of	7
were incubated with	7
as opposed to	7
within hours of	7
of patients who	7
entered into the	7
in the province	7
has to be	7
ili surveillance data	7
amino acid residues	7
the final model	7
was performed to	7
as in the	7
epidemiology of pandemic	7
may also be	7
for pdmh n	7
sentinel sites in	7
human influenza viruses	7
and young adults	7
allantoic fluid was	7
for hours at	7
those who lived	7
new york state	7
the period of	7
epidemiological and clinical	7
of the index	7
contribution of influenza	7
have been used	7
throat swabs were	7
health care facilities	7
the most important	7
viruses such as	7
in both the	7
a limited number	7
the authors declare	7
those from the	7
between may and	7
evaluation of the	7
in the respiratory	7
of the authors	7
rapid antigen test	7
ranging from to	7
the data were	7
respiratory tract and	7
in the pathogenesis	7
of the province	7
this may be	7
of symptomatic cases	7
logistic regression analysis	7
the rainy season	7
assessment of the	7
clinical case definition	7
weekly percentage of	7
in cell culture	7
the first week	7
virus and other	7
using icu data	7
has been associated	7
their ability to	7
like illnesses in	7
for other respiratory	7
among all outpatients	7
for all datasets	7
committee on immunization	7
than that for	7
influenza vaccination coverage	7
of all influenza	7
the second season	7
influenza rapid antigen	7
a simple method	7
statistical analyses were	7
for minutes at	7
the isolation rate	7
department of defense	7
to the h	7
standard deviation of	7
weekly number of	7
collected from patients	7
risk of developing	7
in school students	7
the treatment coverage	7
h n isolates	7
at the hajj	7
the resplex ii	7
other respiratory infections	7
the cleavage site	7
system in the	7
were subjected to	7
illness in the	7
and the results	7
viruses in this	7
were in the	7
more than the	7
between influenza a	7
multivariable logistic regression	7
we show that	7
and at least	7
from january to	7
to the icu	7
second dose of	7
were sensitive to	7
and air pollution	7
influenza virus vaccines	7
our study has	7
in chicken embryos	7
with that of	7
an acute respiratory	7
of m mrna	7
of cytopathic effect	7
school breaks on	7
sharing a latrine	7
de la grippe	7
of severe cases	7
and clinical data	7
have contributed to	7
data for the	7
year old age	7
of symptoms in	7
influenza antigenic cartography	7
rate of fever	7
an analysis of	7
syncytial virus in	7
influenza virus by	7
respiratory illness associated	7
the highly pathogenic	7
the probability of	7
results from the	7
after h n	7
shown in fig	7
respiratory viruses associated	7
of the same	7
is lower than	7
in another study	7
epidemiological and virological	7
surveillance systems in	7
seasonal a h	7
presence of fever	7
were carried out	7
monitoring of influenza	7
viruses at a	7
of surveillance data	7
and fast set	7
it is also	7
was identified in	7
by virus isolation	7
have also been	7
this study also	7
hong kong sar	7
for this study	7
infection in a	7
it was not	7
do not necessarily	7
low rank mc	7
of the hajj	7
were placed in	7
and the second	7
during the winter	7
of the highest	7
pdmh n strains	7
results show that	7
at high risk	7
for days after	7
with the following	7
subjects who received	7
who lived in	7
of influenza outbreaks	7
confirmed influenza and	7
infections in hospitalized	7
at the start	7
cough and fever	7
upper limit of	7
emergence of the	7
may be used	7
was less likely	7
associated with severe	7
is important for	7
to the hospital	7
should be considered	7
a set of	7
of the sentinel	7
studies have shown	7
hong kong in	7
the peak in	7
pandemic scenario as	7
pathogenesis of influenza	7
between the onset	7
all samples were	7
of novel coronavirus	7
viral respiratory pathogens	7
united states and	7
the monitoring of	7
no competing interests	7
is shown in	7
of crew members	7
duration of symptoms	7
to predict the	7
infection during the	7
levels of influenza	7
have developed a	7
lower than those	7
of severe disease	7
throughout the world	7
allows us to	7
with m e	7
were enrolled in	7
of the eight	7
the geometric mean	7
the ili data	7
the group of	7
associated hospitalizations in	7
antiviral resistance testing	7
and ili cases	7
a virus was	7
was the only	7
and preventive measures	7
a cells were	7
on immunization practices	7
the northern hemisphere	7
confirmed viral respiratory	7
that of seasonal	7
of the m	7
of mdck cells	7
contract hhsn c	7
in the uk	7
circulating in the	7
to be higher	7
syncytial virus infection	7
the median week	7
in the capital	7
the strain a	7
influenza ili in	7
as an indicator	7
better understanding of	7
from migratory ducks	7
children with acute	7
years old in	7
of children in	7
ili patients among	7
with a median	7
out of the	7
and approval of	7
and reading and	7
studies of the	7
and intensity of	7
migratory and sentinel	7
vaccination in the	7
throat in the	7
cases and controls	7
that were positive	7
systematic review and	7
was not detected	7
important to note	7
different age groups	7
enterovirus d in	7
risk of influenza	7
syndromic surveillance system	7
most frequently detected	7
of the na	7
epidemiology of respiratory	7
of influenza transmission	7
the ili case	7
n v and	7
a clinical rate	7
based influenza surveillance	7
severity of the	7
inoculated intranasally with	7
was confirmed by	7
during the peak	7
pandemic vaccine candidates	7
sequences of the	7
diagnosis and surveillance	7
the fluvac study	7
may not have	7
of secondary ili	7
by influenza a	7
we do not	7
global influenza surveillance	7
influenza surveillance and	7
of the ministry	7
the identification of	7
can only be	7
of respiratory disease	7
of the three	7
sentinel surveillance of	7
results not shown	7
with those who	7
epidemic curve of	7
the accuracy of	7
infected cells were	7
is able to	7
samples collected in	7
in various organs	7
especially in the	7
full genome sequencing	7
like h n	7
to address the	7
cases of influenza	7
study conducted in	7
daily for days	7
the healthy controls	7
the st century	7
in the winter	7
with pandemic potential	7
age groups and	7
acute lower respiratory	7
the relevance of	7
during the course	7
h influenza virus	7
was conducted by	7
caused by a	7
of the cases	7
who public health	7
in england and	7
using a combination	7
with pandemic influenza	7
used to evaluate	7
the control group	7
of hpai virus	7
global burden of	7
depends on the	7
a high level	7
in a mouse	6
household contacts of	6
doses of pandemic	6
nasal swab and	6
significantly lower than	6
in many countries	6
in a small	6
defined as having	6
the two groups	6
are based on	6
of symptoms and	6
influenza a subtype	6
region of the	6
the findings of	6
the singapore military	6
a cohort study	6
nasal and throat	6
within the household	6
those with influenza	6
influenza reference laboratory	6
the us centers	6
was no difference	6
to investigate whether	6
influenza vaccination and	6
the state level	6
genetic and antigenic	6
the same as	6
specimens from patients	6
inactivated influenza vaccine	6
based on their	6
higher than ae	6
ae ml of	6
n pandemic virus	6
comparative epidemiology of	6
were washed and	6
at least of	6
can also be	6
reactive antibody responses	6
were extracted from	6
data collection and	6
development core team	6
in part by	6
pandemic of the	6
the human population	6
and ae for	6
the virus titers	6
these results are	6
influenza infection or	6
last week of	6
and sari influenza	6
not specific to	6
symptoms such as	6
were collected on	6
results of these	6
of human metapneumovirus	6
the proposed passive	6
increased by co	6
of the erk	6
a sensitivity analysis	6
sensitive to the	6
kindly provided by	6
viral transport medium	6
the plates were	6
of cases and	6
vaccination coverage was	6
genomics of the	6
under years of	6
that there is	6
respiratory symptoms were	6
and it was	6
mean and standard	6
and lower respiratory	6
vaccine based on	6
the treatment of	6
the peak was	6
the next influenza	6
were recovered from	6
at the peak	6
isolation and identification	6
older than years	6
with a single	6
mdck cells and	6
analysis and interpretation	6
hospital admissions for	6
this suggests that	6
of swine origin	6
viruses were propagated	6
were measured by	6
expression of the	6
the results from	6
diagnosis of respiratory	6
bronchial epithelial cells	6
the inclusion of	6
in the viral	6
adenovirus type in	6
influenza a vaccine	6
of all ages	6
on influenza transmission	6
at day post	6
be useful in	6
the sentinel gp	6
most common symptoms	6
cdc protocol of	6
detection and characterization	6
of patients in	6
respiratory viruses such	6
for respiratory virus	6
with rsv infection	6
were present in	6
was significantly associated	6
of viral mrnas	6
cases in a	6
red blood cells	6
between sari and	6
the magnitude of	6
of the advisory	6
context of the	6
in study design	6
day lag from	6
variation in the	6
data from a	6
the elderly population	6
explain the ili	6
after vaccination with	6
the high yield	6
suggested that the	6
human and avian	6
of the emergence	6
sequence alignment editor	6
analysis was conducted	6
influenza vaccine for	6
respiratory symptoms in	6
associated with secondary	6
rates in the	6
by the world	6
the significance of	6
probably due to	6
alaska cruise ship	6
was performed on	6
and na gene	6
the who global	6
of samples collected	6
genes of h	6
the average viral	6
percentage of influenza	6
retrospective analysis of	6
use in the	6
blown nasal discharge	6
h y mutant	6
ili and non	6
immune response to	6
r development core	6
data with the	6
within hours after	6
infected cells was	6
a sudden onset	6
intensity of influenza	6
technology for production	6
initial case patient	6
also shows that	6
binding specificity of	6
human and animal	6
authors and do	6
and alert thresholds	6
of the household	6
change in the	6
probability that a	6
january to december	6
influenza a subtypes	6
have been identified	6
note that the	6
in this analysis	6
influenza season in	6
viruses with the	6
carried out by	6
were infected by	6
in the air	6
consecutive influenza seasons	6
within the last	6
we also compared	6
hospitalizations in the	6
of antiviral drugs	6
secondary bacterial pneumonia	6
of onset of	6
in primary human	6
protection against influenza	6
months of age	6
have been shown	6
order to provide	6
were not associated	6
the scale of	6
it can be	6
method and the	6
and risk factors	6
to support the	6
of community transmission	6
evolutionary genomics of	6
surveillance system is	6
intranasal administration of	6
in ili and	6
from the onset	6
h n with	6
of the who	6
the aetiology of	6
staff at the	6
data in the	6
of ili for	6
the winter and	6
the donor percentage	6
associated with elevated	6
can be found	6
plos one doi	6
the alert threshold	6
the process of	6
virus infections and	6
study is to	6
and chemokines in	6
those aged years	6
a in households	6
influenza activity in	6
by ae log	6
assay was performed	6
than years of	6
risk factors of	6
to other countries	6
in the population	6
summarized in table	6
respiratory viruses among	6
study was approved	6
virus titers in	6
infected with iav	6
weight loss was	6
c virus cm	6
methods for monitoring	6
broad range of	6
the m e	6
the proportion positive	6
in seasonal influenza	6
to years of	6
end of follow	6
was performed for	6
of a national	6
in a subset	6
the pandemic was	6
the emergence and	6
national influenza reference	6
in each state	6
case definitions for	6
the virus in	6
a peak of	6
in adult patients	6
during the h	6
in elderly people	6
before or after	6
with an increased	6
hospitalized patients with	6
infections of the	6
have no competing	6
respiratory illness and	6
risk of infection	6
viruses in patients	6
demographic and clinical	6
were assessed by	6
as any person	6
among influenza a	6
deaths in the	6
isolated from the	6
immunization of mice	6
that it is	6
research institute of	6
one virus was	6
challenge with the	6
the ffp respirators	6
differences between the	6
the national health	6
mdck cells in	6
a small number	6
the innate immune	6
the beginning and	6
washed their hands	6
evolutionary genetics analysis	6
previous studies have	6
were as follows	6
of influenza seasons	6
in the literature	6
with cough or	6
of the flu	6
with ph n	6
viruses from the	6
in the state	6
next influenza pandemic	6
of the chickens	6
sensing receptors in	6
the small number	6
surveillance standards for	6
of confirmed cases	6
incidence of pandemic	6
age group of	6
nose and throat	6
in the clinical	6
not statistically significant	6
of infected cells	6
mdt of weeks	6
of the th	6
it may be	6
the na gene	6
among malaysian pilgrims	6
the discovery of	6
these findings are	6
characteristics of human	6
for the prevention	6
length of stay	6
even though the	6