This is a list of all the questions and their associated study carrel identifiers. One can learn a lot of the "aboutness" of a text simply by reading the questions.
| identifier | question |
|---|---|
| cord-003199-03c9rx3o | The olfactory vector hypothesis of neurodegenerative disease: is it viable? |
| cord-001769-2sdg5ll7 | The convergence of multiple signalling pathways on ROS production? |
| cord-003378-0ozhye9q | Uteroglobin: a novel cytokine? |
| cord-019076-4qu9j953 | 2 lineage Coronavirus mRNA synthesis involves fusion of non- contiguous sequences Genetic analysis of Murine hepatitis virus nsp4 in virus replication Dodecamer structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein nsp10 Deubiquitination, a new function of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain- like protease? |
| cord-001017-4qfhltg4 | Tcell responses to human myelin protein- derived peptides Role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis T cells- innate immune lymphocytes? |
| cord-009821-19dxy56e | How can we explain these differences between related animal species? |
| cord-253024-b393ea2u | Are deletions contributing to the increased rates of recombination among the group F RNA+ mutants? |
| cord-262505-1ufgwxxg | mRNA structure and genetic localization of the sequence divergence from hepatotropic strai~? |
| cord-270473-5tok4mqk | Mammalian HSP40/ DNAJ homologs: cloning of novel cDNAs and a proposal for their classification and nomenclature Extramitochondrial localization of mortalin/ mthsp70/ PBP74/ GRP75 Interaction of erythropoietin RNA binding protein with erythropoietin RNA requires an association with heat shock protein 70 mtHSP70, HSP60 and HSP40 bind to the MHV Maturation of the polymerase polyprotein of the coronavirus MHV strain JHM involves a cascade of proteolytic processing events Cloning and some novel characteristics of mitochondrial Hsp70 from Chinese hamster cells Functional interaction of heat shock protein GroEL with an RNase E- like activity in Escherichia coli Immunoelectron microscopic localization of the 60-kDa heat shock chaperonin protein( Hsp60) in mammalian cells Mitochondrial- matrix proteins at unexpected locations: are they exported? |
| cord-269011-230p8rsf | How, in the face of this enormous flexibility in accommodating all these various numbers and combinations of viral components, do coronaviruses manage to maintain specificity? |
| cord-271763-cual2qv4 | I!?), is also an internal sequence of basic amino acids that, in the case of MHV and IBV, lies on the immediate N- terminal side of the protease cleavage site( 6, 22). |
| cord-256149-btjq84q7 | MHV is known to be lymphotropic and to induce diverse alterations of immune responses that depend on the mouse genetic background[ 1e4, 18, 19], but why liver FAH was chosen as autoantigen among the large variety of liver proteins? |
| cord-256149-btjq84q7 | The viral- autoimmunity relationship Evidence for mimicry by viral antigens in animal models of autoimmune disease including myocarditis Mimicking the way to autoimmunity: an evolving theory of sequence and structural homology Molecular mimicry or structural mimicry? |
| cord-267671-ys43n672 | Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease Uteroovarian infection in aged B6C3F1 mice Breast cancer: should gastrointestinal bacteria be on our radar screen? |
| cord-293913-frkb8iso | To address this possibility we asked the following question: If p72 is presented independently, will a viral proteinase domain recognize and cleave it to produce p65? |
| cord-298847-szezd2vb | A light- and electronic- microscopic study Susceptibility of murine CNS to OC43 infection Disruption of type IV intermediate filament network in mice lacking the neurofilament medium and heavy subunits Does viral disease underlie ALS? |
| cord-303238-us3dybue | Why does MHV PLP2 require membrane association for proteolytic processing of the PLP2 cleavage site? |
| cord-309109-c5hajb6k | How does CNS demyelination occur? |
| cord-021413-1ht1xm88 | Infantile enteritis viruses: morphogenesis and morphology Is lactase the receptor and uncoating enzyme for infantile enteritis( rota) viruses? |
| cord-021413-1ht1xm88 | This aspect of reovirus 3 infection has been covered above( Section III, B, l,2a, ¿?). |
| cord-304954-5b4yji8n | In vivo effector function of influenza virus- specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones is highly specific How do cytotoxic T lymphocytes work in vivo? |
| cord-296416-q0rsfzgw | In vitro veritas? |
| cord-325624-6anybxnk | When can axonal injury be beneficial? |
| cord-271815-yr1dq258 | Nosocomial transmission of SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus on hospital surfaces Contamination, disinfection, and crosscolonization: are hospital surfaces reservoirs for nosocomial infection? |
| cord-271815-yr1dq258 | Why did outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome occur in some hospital wards but not in others? |
| cord-290877-dap0zo2m | A new angle on blood- CNS interfaces: a role for connexins? |
| cord-290877-dap0zo2m | roles in stem cell proliferation and morphological plasticity? |
| cord-285869-jwflooop | Could nsp4-N258 T be localizing to mitochondria in error resulting in reduced DMV assembly? |
| cord-285869-jwflooop | Or is there a mitochondrial phase in MHV replication whose progression is inhibited by the nsp4-N258 T substitution? |
| cord-352379-q5inrxcm | On the other hand, feline coronavirus vaccines have been proven to be not only inefficacious; worse yet, the?, have been shown to lead to even more severe viral infections in the vaccinated cats[ 78]. |
| cord-333525-67bbmo4m | the host cell species barrier Genetic evidence for a structural interaction between the carboxy termini of the membrane and nucleocapsid proteins of mouse hepatitis virus Coronaviridae Luxury at a cost? |
| cord-295307-zrtixzgu | A multi- algorithm clustering plugin for Cytoscape Topological analysis and interactive visualization of biological networks and protein structures Selectivity determinants of GPCR- G- protein binding Boxplot- based outlier detection for the location- scale family Outlier detection: how to threshold outlier scores? |
| cord-295307-zrtixzgu | Coexpression network analysis in chronic hepatitis B and C hepatic lesions reveals distinct patterns of disease progression to hepatocellular carcinoma Reverse genetics approaches for the development of influenza vaccines How viral genetic variants and genotypes influence disease and treatment outcome of chronic hepatitis B. Time for an individualised approach? |
| cord-353190-7qcoxl81 | Different roles for CD4þ and CD8þ T lymphocytes and macrophage subsets in the control of a generalized virus infection Correlates of protective immunity in poxvirus infection: where does antibody stand? |
| cord-268139-tgpsu4qz | Do the deletion and point mutations change the nature of nsp1-protein interactions? |
| cord-268139-tgpsu4qz | What function does this domain have during MHV RNA synthesis? |
| cord-268139-tgpsu4qz | Why is the nsp1 amino- terminus required for MHV replication? |
| cord-276198-psjua913 | Does form meet function in the coronavirus replicative organelle? |
| cord-276198-psjua913 | Double- membrane organelles observed( x) or uncertainly observed(?) in infected cells are marked at right. |
| cord-276198-psjua913 | Secoviridae P ER V? |
| cord-356115-vblgotjn | Does the analysis of MHV- A59 ts mutants help us to understand these complex processes? |
| cord-354726-b9xvycyk | Disulfide bonds in folding and transport of mouse hepatitis coronavirus glycoproteins Formation and intracellular transport of a heterodimeric viral spike protein complex Protein localization and virus assembly at intracellular membranes Coronavirus E1 glycoprotein expressed from cloned cDNA localizes in the Golgi region Viral protein synthesis in mouse hepatitis virus strain A59-infected cells: effects of tunicamycin Signal recognition particledependent insertion of coronavirus El, an intracellular membrane glycoprotein The budding of enveloped viruses: a paradigm for membrane sorting? |
| cord-338307-vfutmwxq | Clinical and virologic observation of a persistent viral infection Are snRNPs involved in splicing? |
| cord-338307-vfutmwxq | The use of a genetically incompatable combination of host and virus( MHV) for the study of mechanisms of host resistance Is genetic resistance to mouse hepatitis based on immunological reactions? |
| cord-334499-fz7vrnb1 | RAG1-/-? |
| cord-334499-fz7vrnb1 | vasculopathy are directed against VZV Fc receptors are critical for autoimmune inflammatory damage to the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Complement and demyelinating disease: no MAC needed? |
| cord-293975-np9xdag5 | An antisense? |
| cord-293975-np9xdag5 | Infection of perirhinal cortex was seen in all cases at day 3? |
| cord-293975-np9xdag5 | viru? |
| cord-351964-hduv0ur4 | We can then ask at what level do the two pathways diverge? |
| cord-351964-hduv0ur4 | When both virions and condensing secretory proteins share the same dilation, they are well separated( lower leJ? and inset). |
| cord-351964-hduv0ur4 | proteins and are the two markers segregated into different populations of transport vesicles at the exit from this compartment? |
| cord-259603-bh198xgl | 4 G is sufficient to support cap- independent translation in the absence of eIF4E Genome- wide analysis of protein- protein interactions and involvement of viral proteins in SARS- CoV replication Nidovirus transcription: how to make sen- se …? |
| cord-259603-bh198xgl | CORONAVIRUS nsp7- 10: SMALL BUT CRITICAL REGULATORY SUBUNITS? |
| cord-259603-bh198xgl | Clearly, both the role of nsp8( primase or processivity factor?) and the initiation mechanism employed by the nsp12-RdRp require further study. |
| cord-259603-bh198xgl | The broadspectrum antiviral ribonucleoside ribavirin is an RNA virus mutagen Ribavirin's antiviral mechanism of action: lethal mutagenesis? 0 |
| cord-259603-bh198xgl | mRNA stability SARS coronavirus accessory proteins Biochemical characterization of arterivirus nonstructural protein 11 reveals the nidovirus- wide conservation of a replicative endoribonuclease Arterivirus Nsp1 modulates the accumulation of minus- strand templates to control the relative abundance of viral mRNAs Does form meet function in the coronavirus replicative organelle? |
| cord-256444-grw5s2pf | Are nonstructural protein genes really unnecessary? |
| cord-256444-grw5s2pf | Finally, what of the potential interaction between the virus and host, which has been one of the major themes of virology in recent years? |
| cord-256444-grw5s2pf | Is the nucleus contributing to the coronavirus replication? |
| cord-256444-grw5s2pf | What determines the site of virion budding? |
| cord-256444-grw5s2pf | What is responsible for that? |
| cord-317635-jal2tkra | 1.2 mg and 9.8 f 0.9 mg for AiJ, and 3.3? 0,7 mg and 5.7? 0.8 mg for SJLiJ animals. |
| cord-317635-jal2tkra | 1.2 mg and 9.8 f 0.9 mg for AiJ, and 3.3? 0,7 mg and 5.7? 0.8 mg for SJLiJ animals. |
| cord-317635-jal2tkra | Respective liver cholesterol contents( as mgig liver) for normal and cholesterol- supplemented mice were: 3.5 2 1.5 mg and 7.9 t 1.7 mg for Balbic, 3.6? |
| cord-317635-jal2tkra | Respective liver weights( as percentage body weight) for normal and cholesterol- supplemented animals were: 6.1* 0.4% and 6.9? |
| cord-283132-rfw8njpo | A second question is what are the specific viral components which mediate ADE of infectivity for each virus? |
| cord-283132-rfw8njpo | Does the subclass of a given Ab determine whether it is able to mediate both neutralization and ADE of virus infectivity? |
| cord-283132-rfw8njpo | For instance, which receptors mediate ADE of virus infectivity? |
| cord-283132-rfw8njpo | Given the immune- mediated pathogenesis of FIP, what is the basis for protective immunity to FIPV infection? |
| cord-283132-rfw8njpo | IBV Do antibodies enhance the infection of cells by HIV? |
| cord-283132-rfw8njpo | Mechanistically, how does the binding of enhancing Ab to a particular epitope on a virus induce an increase in virus infectivity? |
| cord-283132-rfw8njpo | Will antibody- dependent enhancement of HIV-1 infection be a problem with AIDS vaccines Complement- mediated antibody- dependent enhancement of HIV-1 infection requires CD4 and complement receptors Antibody- dependent enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1( HIV-1) infection in vitro by serum from HIV- l- infected and passively immunized chimpanzees Disease exacerbation caused by sequential dengue infections: myth or reality? |
| cord-285676-4kgy20o9 | Are replication and transcription distinct processes? |
| cord-285676-4kgy20o9 | Are they antagonists of the intracellular antiviral response or involved in host shut off? |
| cord-285676-4kgy20o9 | Is there a developmental shift from replication to transcription and if so, how is this regulated? |
| cord-285676-4kgy20o9 | What are the functions of the proteins derived from POL1b? |
| cord-285676-4kgy20o9 | What is the added value of the nonconserved POL1aderived cleavage products? |
| cord-285676-4kgy20o9 | What is the function of the various accessory genes of coronaviruses and how do they contribute to viral fitness? |
| cord-285676-4kgy20o9 | What then is the function of the leader sequence? |
| cord-285676-4kgy20o9 | and what are the consequences for replication and transcription? |
| cord-287487-qeltdch7 | Can MHV replicase proteins mediate high- fidelity replication without ExoN proofreading? |
| cord-287487-qeltdch7 | Can MHV replicase proteins mediate high- fidelity replication without ExoN proofreading? |
| cord-287487-qeltdch7 | In the face of selective pressure for increased fidelity, why did MHV- ExoN(-) not revert? |
| cord-287487-qeltdch7 | The role of mutational robustness in RNA virus evolution Plaques formed by mutagenized viral populations have elevated coinfection frequencies Mutational robustness of an RNA virus influences sensitivity to lethal mutagenesis Does mutational robustness inhibit extinction by lethal mutagenesis in viral populations? |
| cord-287487-qeltdch7 | Which mechanisms other than increased fidelity can compensate for the loss of proofreading? |
| cord-287487-qeltdch7 | Which mechanisms other than increased fidelity might account for MHV- ExoN(-) P250 nucleoside analog resistance? |
| cord-287487-qeltdch7 | hepatitis virus A59 mRNA 2: indications for RNA recombination between coronaviruses and influenza C virus Mouse hepatitis virus S RNA sequence reveals that nonstructural proteins ns4 and ns5a are not essential for murine coronavirus replication Luxury at a cost? |
| cord-287487-qeltdch7 | not revert? |
| cord-287487-qeltdch7 | nsp10 is a critical regulator of viral RNA synthesis Ribavirin's antiviral mechanism of action: lethal mutagenesis? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | ( Khromykh et al. 1999)? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Between replication and transcription? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Do these higher- order structures bind viral or cellular proteins? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Do these represent the bona fide packaging signals for the viral genome? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Do they play a role in initiating or regulating plus- strand synthesis? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Does the evidence of resistance of coronaviral RNAs to ribonuclease suggest existence of a compartmentalized replication complex and have implications for resistance to RNA silencing( Ahlquist 2002) and long- term persistent coronaviral infections( Adami et al. 1995; Baric et al. 1999; Okumura et al. 1996; Stohlman et al. 1999)? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Does the intra-5 0 UTR short ORF play a role in translation( or in subsequent replication) of the genome? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Does this structure represent a cis- acting replication signal required for replication of the intact genome? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | How is the genome selected and transported from the replication complex to the site of virus assembly? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | How might they differ between the processes of minus- and plusstrand synthesis? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | If it is altered, what might the consequences be on virus growth? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | If so, what role does it play in the regulation of genome replication? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | In addition to the N protein( Laude and Masters 1995), might the packaging signals interact with other components of the virion? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Is a specific sequence alone sufficient, or are higher- order structures required? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Is there perhaps more than one packaging signal, as suggested by the ability of more than a single region of ORF 1b to contribute to packaging efficiency in large TGEV DI RNAs( Izeta et al. 1999)? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Is this property of N common to all coronaviruses? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Might pathogenesis be altered such that the variants could be used as vaccines or vectors for other uses? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Might they be signals working through long- distance RNA- RNA or RNA- protein interactions? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Stirrups et al. 2000)? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Therefore, what features enable the replication of the DI RNAs but not sgmRNAs on transfection into helper virus- infected cells? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | What genes are important in regulation of replication and transcription, and how important is gene order in these processes? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | What is the nature of the terminal cis- acting RNA elements? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | What is the relationship between the RNA replication complex and the site of virus assembly at the Golgi and intermediate Golgi membranes? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | What is the significance of this gene order? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | What is the stoichiometry of the components in the various complexes? |
| cord-356013-pl3tmky8 | Which proteins bind the RNA, both genomic and subgenomic, both plus and minus strands, within the complex? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | ,, 2005? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | A subset of human immunodefi ciency virus type 1 long- term nonprogressors is characterized by the unique presence of ancestral sequences in the viral population Does common architecture reveal a viral lineage spanning all three domains of life? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Accordingly, when contemplating the amazing complexity of the P1 immunity and how it evolved, Yarmolinsky posed the question;"Could the byzantine complexity of the controls at ImmI be the outcome, not of successive host- parasite accommodations, but of competition among related phages?" |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Also, how do we defi ne information content or integrity of a consortia? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Can cooperation( or consortia behavior) result from any of these models? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Can this be considered an example of symbiosis in the accepted sense? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Could the adaptation to a host- specifi c persistence- based basal life strategy provide some explanations for the evolution of the higher fi delity RNA replicase of these coronaviruses? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | DNA Viral eukaryogenesis: was the ancestor of the nucleus a complex DNA virus? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Did the need and selection for a larger genome override the use of error to generate adaptability as seen in poliovirus and HIV-1? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Does such a distributed pattern of evolution and gene novelty also apply to the phycodnaviruses? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Here a virus, there a virus, everywhere the same virus? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | How can genetic complexity be created in such a circumstance? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | How do we defi ne such fi tness since the mixture clearly matters? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | How does MHV attain such stable and prevalent persistence in natural population yet retain the ability to cause disease in naive populations? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | How generally important is this poliovirus in vivo quasispecies result? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | How important are viruses in general to evolutionary biology? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | How is information stability and higher fi tness attained with such errors? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | How might such selection operate in natural populations? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | How might we explain the increased fi delity and genome size of the nidoviruses? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | How then do we link poxvirus evolution to other more ancient DNA viruses, such as PBCV-1 which has the same DNA replication mechanism, but distinct replication proteins? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | If so, what selective pressures might have changed this seemingly basic feature? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | If so, why is it that in sheep a distinctly different lineage of retrovirus( enJSRV) was also selected to provide a related placental function to a another mammal with signifi cantly different placental reproductive biology? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | If we can accept the above conclusion concerning the role for viruses in the evolution of prokaryotes, we must then ask why such a successful evolutionary strategy was not apparently maintained in eukaryotes? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Is there any evidence that this result with poliovirus indeed represents a general virus- host evolutionary relationship in natural settings? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Protein repertoire of double- stranded DNA bacteriophages Characterization of the primary immunity region of the Escherichia coli linear plasmid prophage N15 Parvovirus variation for disease: a difference with RNA viruses? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Was there some change in viral adaptation in which quasispecies and generation of mixtures was no longer as important for adaptation? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Was this ERVL colonization of relevance to the ancient co- speciation of simian foamy virus and their primate host( Switzer et al., 2005)? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | What could be more fascinating than a green sea slug- an animal that can use light for photosynthesis? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | What do we know about the natural biology of these viruses, which might provide some insight into this? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | What does structure tell us about virus evolution? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | What exactly was the relevance of HERV endogenization to human survival and adaptations? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | What is the fi tness consequence to the colony harboring MHV relative to its uninfected neighbor? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | What maintains the MHV fi tness of natural persistence? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | What then is the evolutionary relationship that links all of these seemingly distinct viruses? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | What then is the fi tness and evolutionary consequence to E. coli harboring P1? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | What was the role for SIV in the evolution of primate MHC( Vogel et al., 1999)? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Why is this relationship stable? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Why should prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ is such a fundamental way? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Why? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | Why? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | human and chimpanzee MHC I( Watkins, 1995; Kulski et al., 1999)? |
| cord-264884-ydkigome | tailed DNA bacteriophages Do viruses form lineages across different domains of life? |