bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
immune response	555
results suggest	540
mouse model	528
immune responses	492
gene expression	490
virus infection	467
mg kg	444
present study	443
cell lines	436
class i	392
infected mice	391
nervous system	389
immune system	381
transgenic mice	373
bone marrow	370
cell death	359
clinical signs	342
mouse models	337
epithelial cells	334
animal models	331
cell line	329
spinal cord	304
deficient mice	277
stem cells	272
lymph nodes	272
cell types	272
dendritic cells	271
research funds	269
important role	269
results indicate	266
cell surface	262
hepatitis virus	261
central nervous	258
inflammatory response	255
amino acid	251
humanized mice	249
peripheral blood	248
tg mice	246
flow cytometry	245
influenza virus	239
endothelial cells	235
mouse hepatitis	233
data suggest	232
cell proliferation	232
wild type	230
guinea pigs	229
weight loss	229
ng ml	228
ko mice	224
pg ml	221
monoclonal antibodies	220
animal model	220
cd cd	218
body weight	217
laboratory mice	216
adult mice	211
type i	209
growth factor	207
mrna expression	204
skeletal muscle	204
laboratory animals	204
significantly reduced	204
bl mice	204
may also	199
cell responses	196
respiratory tract	195
cell activation	190
mice infected	187
oxidative stress	186
significantly increased	185
graduate school	185
knockout mice	184
acute respiratory	183
monoclonal antibody	182
transcription factor	181
small intestine	178
respiratory syndrome	178
salivary glands	177
taken together	177
mhc class	175
immune cells	174
high levels	169
smooth muscle	168
mice showed	168
protein expression	165
mouse strains	164
nitric oxide	164
western blot	163
dependent manner	160
inflammatory cytokines	158
innate immune	158
molecular mechanisms	157
cell culture	156
stem cell	156
necrosis factor	155
tumor cells	154
amino acids	152
glial cells	150
control group	149
results show	148
lung injury	148
significantly higher	147
microglial cells	146
female mice	145
cell receptor	143
male mice	143
previous studies	139
control mice	139
immunodeficient mice	138
additional file	138
laboratory animal	137
septic shock	137
days post	136
severe acute	135
type mice	135
positive cells	135
electron microscopy	134
protein kinase	134
progenitor cells	134
tumor necrosis	133
clinical trials	133
mast cells	132
cytokine production	130
acute phase	129
vaccinia virus	128
transgenic mouse	128
recent studies	127
findings suggest	127
time points	127
cd cells	126
dna damage	126
significant increase	126
senescent cells	125
binding protein	125
mg ml	124
humanized mouse	123
spleen cells	123
mononuclear cells	121
plasma membrane	121
signal transduction	120
cov infection	120
data indicate	119
nude mice	119
previously described	118
clinical disease	118
may contribute	117
ex vivo	117
may occur	115
cell cycle	115
expression levels	115
inbred strains	114
treated mice	114
scid mice	113
viral infection	113
fatty acid	113
fatty acids	112
inflammatory cell	112
lymphocytic choriomeningitis	112
may play	112
blood vessels	111
significant differences	111
united states	110
inflammatory cells	110
virus replication	109
also observed	109
adhesion molecules	108
muscle cells	108
adipose tissue	108
experimental infection	108
transcription factors	107
mice may	107
mouse colonies	107
human disease	107
cell type	106
neuronal activity	106
also found	106
lung tissue	106
suckling mice	106
cells expressing	105
lamina propria	104
performed using	104
doc id	104
blood pressure	104
cord uid	104
salivary gland	103
wt mice	103
mouse brain	103
serum levels	103
viral replication	102
blot analysis	102
cell response	101
type ii	101
infant mice	100
immunocompetent mice	100
proinflammatory cytokines	99
results demonstrate	99
nk cells	99
national institute	99
human immune	99
sendai virus	99
heart failure	98
cell populations	98
receptor antagonist	98
infected animals	98
mice lacking	98
class ii	98
analysis revealed	97
specific cd	97
squamous cell	97
cell cultures	97
blood flow	96
reactive oxygen	96
side effects	95
previously reported	94
determine whether	94
infected cells	94
inflammatory diseases	94
multiple sclerosis	94
infectious diseases	94
reproductive tract	93
old mice	93
mechanisms underlying	93
viral infections	92
plasma levels	92
inflammatory responses	92
respiratory syncytial	92
signaling pathways	92
cerebral cortex	92
blood samples	91
significantly decreased	91
situ hybridization	91
two different	91
converting enzyme	90
mrna levels	90
wistar rats	90
adaptive immune	90
rhesus macaques	90
organ failure	90
choriomeningitis virus	89
syndrome coronavirus	89
cell population	89
extracellular matrix	88
neutralizing antibodies	88
presenting cells	88
acinar cells	87
chronic inflammation	87
antibody responses	87
syncytial virus	86
mice immunized	86
higher levels	86
ca i	86
gastrointestinal tract	86
single cell	86
innate immunity	85
polymerase chain	85
chain reaction	85
antigen presentation	85
stage hli	85
dengue virus	85
young mice	85
lymph node	85
mice treated	84
pulmonary fibrosis	84
nkt cells	83
cell adhesion	83
oxygen species	83
significant difference	83
antibody response	83
research institute	82
specific antibodies	82
antigen presenting	82
crucial role	82
mass spectrometry	82
influenza infection	81
white matter	81
also known	81
commonly used	81
natural killer	81
basement membrane	81
immune cell	81
respiratory distress	81
hematopoietic stem	81
neural stem	81
membrane potential	81
disease progression	81
mutant mice	80
infectious disease	80
i molecules	80
western blotting	79
cell clones	79
th cells	79
time point	79
time pcr	79
mouse strain	79
schwann cells	79
time course	79
synaptic plasticity	79
studies using	78
previously shown	78
human cd	77
persistent infection	77
binding site	77
porcine apn	77
mice compared	77
oral cavity	77
viral rna	77
two groups	77
critical role	77
cell differentiation	77
hippocampal neurons	77
target cells	77
lymphoid tissue	77
tissue damage	77
biomedical research	77
aged mice	76
inflammatory mediators	76
naturally occurring	76
increased expression	76
protein synthesis	76
surface expression	76
synaptic transmission	75
closely related	75
guinea pig	75
results showed	75
normal mice	75
endothelial cell	75
cancer cells	75
poorly understood	75
angiotensin ii	75
mast cell	74
significantly lower	74
tumor growth	74
protective immunity	74
laboratory mouse	74
adverse effects	74
severe disease	73
first time	73
cells may	73
high affinity	73
chronic inflammatory	73
prefrontal cortex	73
plasma cells	72
mice expressing	72
cell migration	72
cell development	72
endoplasmic reticulum	72
west nile	72
nlrp inflammasome	72
middle east	72
acinar cell	71
molecular weight	71
research council	71
direct contact	71
signaling pathway	71
statistically significant	71
commercially available	71
purkinje cells	71
phase i	70
growth factors	70
protective effect	70
squamous epithelium	70
binding sites	70
animal care	69
differential diagnosis	69
high dose	69
data show	69
protein levels	69
gene therapy	69
hek cells	69
cells showed	69
room temperature	69
whole blood	68
rheumatoid arthritis	68
brain injury	68
fold increase	68
data demonstrate	68
multiple organ	67
brain regions	67
clinical symptoms	67
septic patients	67
type diabetes	66
rat brain	66
host defense	66
may cause	66
olfactory bulb	66
key role	66
national research	66
epithelial cell	66
pr virus	66
hemorrhagic fever	66
receptor activation	66
herpes simplex	66
inhibitory effect	65
coupled receptors	65
virus infections	65
breast cancer	65
specific ctl	65
blood cells	65
insulin resistance	65
east respiratory	64
hiv infection	64
cell viability	64
acute lung	64
may lead	64
per group	64
increased levels	64
myeloid cells	63
may develop	63
visual cortex	63
brain science	63
mhv infection	63
experimentally infected	63
neuropathic pain	62
mice exhibited	62
biological materials	62
high doses	62
neointimal formation	62
low dose	62
specific genes	62
cell hyperplasia	62
inflammatory bowel	62
central role	62
laboratory rodents	62
murine model	61
virus strain	61
cell infiltration	61
differentially expressed	61
ms ms	61
expression level	61
widely used	61
nmda receptor	61
cell subsets	61
dendritic cell	61
neurodegenerative diseases	61
autoimmune diseases	61
university school	60
toxicity studies	60
within days	60
zika virus	60
like receptor	60
cell membrane	60
cortical neurons	60
immunized mice	60
distress syndrome	60
cynomolgus macaques	59
highly expressed	59
tumor cell	59
brain barrier	59
candidate genes	59
neonatal mice	59
nipah virus	59
male rats	59
cell function	59
findings indicate	59
rat model	59
see table	59
mhv strains	59
recent study	58
intestinal mucosa	58
inflammatory cytokine	58
two distinct	58
hla class	58
drinking water	58
wide range	58
encephalitis virus	57
inhibitory effects	57
infectious virus	57
major role	57
significant decrease	57
specific antibody	57
beneficial effects	57
significant reduction	57
lactate dehydrogenase	57
cellular immune	57
culture medium	57
simplex virus	56
protein level	56
mechanisms involved	56
antibody production	56
host immune	56
morphological changes	56
mice developed	56
blt mice	56
inkt cells	56
rats treated	56
human cells	56
adhesion molecule	56
animal species	55
even though	55
analysis showed	55
ang ii	55
tissue culture	55
food intake	55
bowel disease	55
mus musculus	55
neutralizing antibody	55
small animal	55
investigate whether	55
respiratory disease	55
mesenteric lymph	54
mice using	54
mice develop	54
tissue injury	54
well known	54
therapeutic agents	54
measured using	54
lymphoid tissues	54
mitochondrial dysfunction	54
severe cases	54
infectious agents	54
effector cells	54
may provide	54
real time	54
brain tissue	54
null mice	54
cd expression	54
expression pattern	54
microglial activation	54
fold higher	53
fat diet	53
osaka univ	53
university graduate	53
inbred mice	53
research complications	53
ng cells	53
electron microscopic	53
control animals	53
connective tissue	53
large number	53
bovine serum	53
reporter gene	53
upper respiratory	53
vitro studies	53
investigated whether	53
two weeks	53
lymphoid organs	53
healthy controls	53
oxide synthase	53
gastric mucosa	53
wound healing	53
immunodeficiency virus	52
virus strains	52
long term	52
model system	52
intranasal inoculation	52
clinical trial	52
alveolar macrophages	52
clinical studies	52
lung inflammation	52
may result	52
apoptotic cells	52
nose pokes	51
coupled receptor	51
inflammatory process	51
receptor expression	51
fusion protein	51
least one	51
cellular senescence	51
different cell	51
three different	51
mice inoculated	51
bacterial infections	51
heart rate	51
goblet cells	51
healthy volunteers	51
insulin secretion	51
kyoto university	51
dose dependent	51
host response	51
bronchoalveolar lavage	51
energy metabolism	51
equine encephalitis	51
gross lesions	51
important roles	51
arachidonic acid	51
vg vd	50
mouse line	50
mechanical ventilation	50
stimulating factor	50
like receptors	50
control groups	50
previously published	50
different time	50
nsg mice	50
heavy chain	50
newborn mice	50
medical school	50
tyrosine kinase	50
cell growth	50
mortality rate	50
inflammatory reaction	50
nile virus	50
type iii	50
confocal microscopy	50
neuronal cell	49
immunosorbent assay	49
molecular mechanism	49
inflammatory processes	49
embryo transfer	49
dorsal root	49
low levels	49
cx cr	49
human lung	49
blood glucose	49
viral antigens	49
pivotal role	49
wild mice	49
two types	49
previously identified	49
intraperitoneal injection	49
facs analysis	49
humoral immune	49
vascular smooth	49
blood mononuclear	49
pharmakologie und	49
animal medicine	49
ca region	49
recent years	49
protective role	49
male reproductive	49
hippocampal slices	49
pyramidal neurons	49
mice also	48
post infection	48
days later	48
better understanding	48
mice subjected	48
glucose levels	48
dentate gyrus	48
motor neurons	48
high concentrations	48
mammary gland	48
new therapeutic	48
peritoneal macrophages	48
significantly different	48
showed significant	48
adrenergic receptor	48
antigen processing	48
primary human	48
treated animals	48
neurite outgrowth	48
sensory neurons	48
adaptive immunity	48
body temperature	48
treated rats	47
different types	47
acid sequence	47
virus type	47
producing cells	47
collaborative cross	47
und toxikologie	47
inflammasome activation	47
cell carcinoma	47
nose poke	47
linked immunosorbent	47
submandibular gland	47
expression patterns	47
viral antigen	47
molecular biology	47
fluorescent protein	46
expressing cells	46
pyramidal cells	46
also used	46
es cells	46
highly conserved	46
per mouse	46
cytokine levels	46
neuronal death	46
granule cells	46
genomic dna	46
genetically modified	46
binding proteins	46
mice exposed	46
enzyme activity	46
molecular basis	46
cells within	46
studies showed	46
genes involved	46
precursor cells	45
mononuclear cell	45
previous study	45
nk cell	45
red blood	45
small intestinal	45
dawley rats	45
risk assessment	45
therapeutic potential	45
airway inflammation	45
risk factors	45
mg dl	45
cardiac hypertrophy	45
chronic infection	45
host cells	45
human primates	45
foxn nu	45
mouse ifn	45
wide variety	45
activated protein	45
prkdc scid	45
specific igg	45
cord blood	45
adoptive transfer	45
olfactory epithelium	44
gene transfer	44
culture system	44
ms patients	44
human peripheral	44
reactive astrocytes	44
murine models	44
lower respiratory	44
nerve injury	44
total rna	44
natural infection	44
increased risk	44
large intestine	44
specific immune	44
similar results	44
evidence suggests	44
induced apoptosis	44
coronavirus infection	44
mediated immune	43
gnrh neurons	43
like cells	43
experimental animals	43
interstitial pneumonia	43
influenza viruses	43
binding domain	43
adult rats	43
kg day	43
also showed	43
high mortality	43
actin cytoskeleton	43
recombinant human	43
inbred mouse	43
viral load	43
host range	43
genetic background	43
tissue sections	43
epidermal growth	43
autoimmune disease	43
incubation period	43
future studies	43
medical university	43
activated microglia	43
frequently used	43
signalling pathways	43
immune function	43
microarray analysis	43
gel electrophoresis	43
intestinal tract	43
functional role	43
genetically engineered	42
intestinal metaplasia	42
dna repair	42
cb infected	42
preliminary results	42
sequence analysis	42
serum samples	42
determined using	42
vascular endothelial	42
may explain	42
hace mice	42
viral loads	42
hemorrhagic shock	42
total number	42
experimental model	42
specific igy	42
human immunodeficiency	42
studies suggest	42
nmda receptors	42
remains unclear	42
human brain	41
femoral artery	41
potential therapeutic	41
cancer cell	41
cell epitopes	41
systemic inflammatory	41
monkeypox virus	41
target genes	41
science institute	41
myocardial infarction	41
histopathological changes	41
weeks old	41
glial cell	41
promoter activity	41
susceptible mice	41
per cent	41
animal studies	41
substantia nigra	41
cells express	41
osaka university	41
genetic diversity	41
ion channels	41
hydrogen peroxide	41
described previously	41
intracellular ca	41
transforming growth	41
cell survival	41
reproductive tissue	41
mouse lines	41
provide evidence	41
gene products	40
action potentials	40
intracellular calcium	40
glucose tolerance	40
analysis using	40
cell biology	40
cells also	40
public health	40
research center	40
day post	40
acute pancreatitis	40
myeloid cell	40
strand breaks	40
results obtained	40
lymphoid cells	40
sars coronavirus	40
hepatocellular carcinoma	40
will discuss	40
first step	40
murine hepatitis	40
pulmonary edema	40
neuronal cells	40
examined whether	40
dopaminergic neurons	40
minute virus	40
human skin	39
ebola virus	39
stress response	39
nasal cavity	39
mediated immunity	39
protective effects	39
cancer patients	39
natural infections	39
muscularis mucosa	39
growth pattern	39
embryonic stem	39
better understand	39
immunohistochemical analysis	39
mouse genome	39
basal cell	39
largely unknown	39
may represent	39
vivo imaging	39
highly susceptible	39
cell activity	39
statistical analysis	39
antibody titers	39
specific expression	39
gene transcription	39
antitumor activity	38
vivo studies	38
fusion proteins	38
platelet aggregation	38
inflammatory conditions	38
acute infection	38
cytokine release	38
rats exposed	38
healthy subjects	38
mammalian cells	38
living cells	38
pathological conditions	38
modified vaccinia	38
within hours	38
morphologic features	38
i ifn	38
critically ill	38
rat hippocampal	38
synthetic peptides	38
mice per	38
persistently infected	38
several studies	38
elevating virus	38
squamous metaplasia	38
signalling pathway	38
days postinfection	38
results indicated	38
brain development	38
novel therapeutic	38
also occur	38
intensive care	38
disease severity	38
diabetes mellitus	38
ctl response	38
murine cytomegalovirus	37
high fat	37
brain parenchyma	37
significantly enhanced	37
may help	37
cell layer	37
viral titers	37
stranded rna	37
inbred strain	37
oral administration	37
elevated levels	37
group i	37
developmental stages	37
tissue distribution	37
cell numbers	37
organ dysfunction	37
analyzed using	37
alkaline phosphatase	37
i interferon	37
expression profiles	37
early phase	37
human ifn	37
cell sorting	37
immunized via	37
disease caused	37
statistical significance	37
experimental models	37
encephalomyelitis virus	37
ctl responses	37
studies indicate	37
reverse transcriptase	37
tissue samples	37
data obtained	37
whole body	37
ca influx	37
will provide	36
induced cell	36
acute inflammatory	36
vitro model	36
may influence	36
map kinase	36
diagnostic criteria	36
animal experiments	36
therapeutic target	36
kg bw	36
hybridoma technology	36
preclinical studies	36
host cell	36
skin lesions	36
scid il	36
tca cycle	36
mice show	36
left ventricular	36
fever virus	36
nu mice	36
toxoplasma gondii	36
staphylococcus aureus	36
antiviral activity	36
escherichia coli	36
lethal infection	36
family members	36
growth cone	36
mice fed	36
plasma concentrations	36
experimental conditions	36
cardiovascular disease	36
preliminary data	36
tnf production	36
underlying mechanisms	36
mice housed	36
essential role	36
microglial cell	36
virus particles	36
proliferative response	36
vitro experiments	36
infected patients	36
life span	36
human health	36
clinical chemistry	36
pseudomonas aeruginosa	36
senescent cell	36
rabies virus	35
new york	35
play important	35
human hematopoietic	35
mouse serum	35
bacterial infection	35
toxic effects	35
ectromelia virus	35
human monocytes	35
days old	35
major histocompatibility	35
new insights	35
brain function	35
erosion ulcer	35
colorectal cancer	35
mice received	35
expression analysis	35
therapeutic strategies	35
also may	35
pulmonary inflammation	35
three weeks	35
results suggested	35
cells derived	35
early stages	35
cell number	35
weight gain	35
experimental studies	35
hair coat	35
clostridium difficile	35
studies will	35
lipid metabolism	35
lower levels	35
membrane integrity	35
possible role	35
serum albumin	35
programmed cell	34
cd positive	34
mesenchymal stem	34
demyelinating disease	34
differential expression	34
i i	34
colon cancer	34
mitochondrial membrane	34
way anova	34
university hospital	34
target cell	34
north america	34
paneth cells	34
physiological conditions	34
culture supernatants	34
also increased	34
pneumonia virus	34
dtg mice	34
carotid artery	34
cuff placement	34
postnatal day	34
syrian hamsters	34
incorrect nose	34
protein coupled	34
inflammatory disease	34
cotton rats	34
pcr analysis	34
neurotrophic factor	34
liver injury	34
blood lymphocytes	34
cytokine response	34
term potentiation	34
basal lamina	34
gram negative	34
survival rate	34
using two	34
female rats	34
histological examination	34
naturally infected	34
adverse events	34
adult male	34
ruffled fur	34
renal failure	34
enterotropic mhv	33
survival time	33
experimental autoimmune	33
induced lung	33
pdm infection	33
may affect	33
histocompatibility complex	33
antibiotic treatment	33
hippocampal ca	33
environmental factors	33
combined term	33
serum il	33
northern blot	33
low concentrations	33
significant changes	33
athymic nude	33
tohoku university	33
treatment groups	33
healthy donors	33
membrane proteins	33
engineered mice	33
helper cells	33
medical center	33
expression profile	33
gabaergic neurons	33
significantly elevated	33
intestinal inflammation	33
mice following	33
acid secretion	33
rhesus monkeys	33
knockout mouse	33
protective immune	33
kyoto univ	33
mrna level	33
reactive protein	33
nadph oxidase	33
standard deviation	33
male wistar	33
negative bacteria	33
chronic disease	33
dependent protein	33
gastric cancer	33
human infection	33
mice deficient	33
murine coronavirus	33
risk factor	33
significant role	33
optic nerve	33
adult mouse	33
cell infiltrate	32
thyroid hormone	32
small size	32
projection neurons	32
mouse parvovirus	32
intestinal epithelium	32
leukemia virus	32
hela cells	32
liver enzymes	32
might contribute	32
assessed using	32
significantly inhibited	32
phase ii	32
microglia activation	32
life cycle	32
wildtype mice	32
causative agent	32
recently shown	32
vascular permeability	32
tokyo metropolitan	32
activated macrophages	32
fluorescence microscopy	32
muscle regeneration	32
therapeutic strategy	32
edim virus	32
tohoku univ	32
gene encoding	32
human monoclonal	32
also significantly	32
receptor agonist	32
high level	32
markedly reduced	32
disease course	32
mitochondrial function	32
brain slices	32
dna binding	32
biological activity	32
green fluorescent	32
long pentraxin	32
cord injury	32
also shown	32
lcmv infection	32
hli model	32
spike protein	32
onchocerca volvulus	32
genetic variation	32
proteins involved	32
gene regulation	32
murine norovirus	32
cellular responses	32
infected individuals	31
constitutively expressed	31
phagocytic activity	31
patients suffering	31
open field	31
well established	31
recently identified	31
rna interference	31
acute inflammation	31
dominant negative	31
chemokine receptor	31
pentraxin ptx	31
glutamate receptors	31
basal ganglia	31
may induce	31
marrow cells	31
mice used	31
expressing il	31
microscopic examination	31
induced activation	31
cultured cells	31
high frequency	31
beneficial effect	31
gene product	31
following administration	31
lupus erythematosus	31
normal human	31
athymic mice	31
nuclear factor	31
light microscopic	31
also detected	31
gap junction	31
associated lymphoid	31
avian influenza	31
surface markers	31
recently reported	31
vitro assays	31
cell infiltrates	31
hind limb	31
shear stress	31
expressing human	31
cells using	31
different species	31
receptor antagonists	31
lesser extent	31
tcid ml	31
positive control	31
macrophage activation	31
humanized blt	30
opc differentiation	30
derived macrophages	30
intestinal epithelial	30
solid tumors	30
also reduced	30
neural activity	30
give rise	30
viral proteins	30
using anti	30
clinical outcome	30
world health	30
glutamate receptor	30
zymogen granules	30
control cells	30
cytokine expression	30
receptor potential	30
nonhuman primates	30
cell carcinomas	30
virus isolation	30
thermal injury	30
rift valley	30
following infection	30
mitotic activity	30
old tg	30
studies show	30
inflammatory drugs	30
viral shedding	30
adult brain	30
buffered saline	30
well characterized	30
single dose	30
cardiac function	30
free radicals	30
neurological disease	30
recombinant protein	30
resistant mice	30
inflammatory reactions	30
basal cells	30
prairie dogs	30
barr virus	30
large amounts	30
human cases	30
venous blood	30
dna vaccine	30
adult rat	30
rodent species	30
factor receptor	30
without affecting	30
three times	30
electrical stimulation	30
ng glia	30
bile acid	30
cell transplantation	30
sciatic nerve	30
quantitative real	30
valley fever	30
cytokine secretion	30
bacterial translocation	30
surface area	30
peripheral nerve	30
two major	30
inclusion bodies	30
glutamate transporter	30
therapeutic approaches	30
different stages	30
showed increased	30
complement activation	30
cd mab	30
human neutrophils	30
receptor binding	30
glioma cells	30
growth hormone	30
cells via	30
regulated genes	30
infection may	30
fully understood	30
also demonstrated	29
collagen deposition	29
per day	29
arterial blood	29
mucous cells	29
lavage fluid	29
kg body	29
nkt cell	29
virus may	29
genetic variants	29
specific manner	29
study using	29
significantly attenuated	29
dna adducts	29
pathological changes	29
current study	29
autoimmune encephalomyelitis	29
allergic asthma	29
ctl clones	29
second messenger	29
lassa fever	29
increased numbers	29
may reflect	29
different strains	29
action potential	29
immunohistochemical staining	29
disease pathogenesis	29
cell membranes	29
cre recombinase	29
may include	29
surrounding tissue	29
potential role	29
estrogen receptor	29
tested whether	29
healthy individuals	29
per se	29
infected mouse	29
several days	29
virus ankara	29
glandular mucosa	29
er stress	29
pattern recognition	29
intracerebral inoculation	29
mice carrying	29
full length	29
thermo fisher	29
mouse populations	29
th cytokines	29
cells isolated	29
information processing	29
like structures	29
mhc molecules	29
parietal cells	29
cell repertoire	29
untreated mice	29
pc cells	29
results provide	29
transcriptional regulation	29
brain stem	29
mycoplasma pulmonis	29
complement system	29
human liver	29
fetal bovine	29
showed significantly	29
cellular immunity	29
ischemic stroke	29
bearing mice	29
allowed us	29
systemic lupus	29
auditory cortex	29
significantly improved	29
respiratory epithelium	29
fischer rats	28
dorsal horn	28
infection model	28
flow cytometric	28
cancer therapy	28
physiological role	28
lesions include	28
may serve	28
cells play	28
quantitative rt	28
neonatal rat	28
cell specific	28
correct nose	28
freshly isolated	28
health organization	28
ca pyramidal	28
tlr ligands	28
draining lymph	28
influenza vaccine	28
study showed	28
drg neurons	28
clinical use	28
useful tool	28
early stage	28
clinical course	28
cell mediated	28
dna methylation	28
life sciences	28
rats fed	28
stably transfected	28
peripheral nervous	28
medical research	28
heat shock	28
immune complexes	28
blood levels	28
drug development	28
histological features	28
protein kinases	28
cytokine il	28
proinflammatory cytokine	28
data provide	28
adenoviral vector	28
il rg	28
experimental inoculation	28
nagoya university	28
riken brain	28
magnetic resonance	28
still unknown	28
highly pathogenic	28
cell functions	28
small molecule	28
glandular stomach	28
neutrophil infiltration	28
marrow derived	28
apache ii	28
transient receptor	28
test article	28
might play	28
first days	28
complete regression	28
ach release	28
functional receptor	28
three groups	28
mechanism underlying	28
mean age	28
active infection	28
necrosis may	28
human respiratory	28
several weeks	28
fisher scientific	28
derived cells	28
study suggests	28
studies revealed	28
marked increase	28
wnt signaling	28
lps challenge	28
helicobacter hepaticus	28
laboratory rats	28
acute disease	28
cell lysates	27
one week	27
membrane protein	27
various tissues	27
reverse transcription	27
newly generated	27
higher concentrations	27
ependymal cells	27
completely abolished	27
dependent mechanism	27
mice bearing	27
weeks post	27
positive correlation	27
viral particles	27
week old	27
outbred mice	27
results support	27
levels increased	27
reward learning	27
specific gene	27
human keratinocytes	27
crispr cas	27
three days	27
immune complex	27
elisa kits	27
promoter region	27
response element	27
antigen specific	27
health surveillance	27
factor alpha	27
killer cells	27
enzymatic activity	27
immune status	27
high degree	27
apoptotic cell	27
biologically active	27
cardiac fibroblasts	27
cytokine profile	27
nuclear translocation	27
phosphorylation sites	27
older mice	27
gene family	27
cell patch	27
nhp models	27
severe influenza	27
allergic airway	27
nonglandular stomach	27
aerosol exposure	27
dendritic spines	27
cardiac output	27
clinically relevant	27
cell division	27
cell bodies	27
progenitor cell	27
neoplastic cells	27
present results	27
previous reports	27
alternative splicing	27
result suggests	27
well understood	27
takes place	27
treated cells	27
cytokines il	27
whole cell	27
induced il	27
steady state	27
reovirus infection	26
treated group	26
neural network	26
mice displayed	26
ad libitum	26
parotid gland	26
systemic administration	26
mice injected	26
th th	26
encoding il	26
ms lesions	26
well plates	26
consecutive days	26
increased number	26
two independent	26
cerebral ischemia	26
lps stimulation	26
specific cell	26
light microscopy	26
ampa receptors	26
cynomolgus monkeys	26
liver disease	26
physiological functions	26
transmission electron	26
butylated hydroxyanisole	26
exocrine pancreas	26
will also	26
natural host	26
intratumoral injection	26
locomotor activity	26
increased survival	26
candidate gene	26
also present	26
also show	26
patch clamp	26
comet assay	26
tumour necrosis	26
egg yolk	26
mouse embryo	26
rats following	26
susceptible strains	26
significant correlation	26
also identified	26
icr mice	26
pulmonary syndrome	26
proliferative responses	26
small intestines	26
group ii	26
age related	26
blood cell	26
recombinant inbred	26
hendra virus	26
surface receptors	26
epidemic diarrhea	26
highly sensitive	26
patients undergoing	26
much higher	26
receptive field	26
nude mouse	26
day postinfection	26
proliferative lesions	26
vero cells	26
days pi	26
muscle fibers	26
ill patients	26
united kingdom	26
induced colitis	26
antibodies directed	26
induced arthritis	26
serological tests	26
cardiovascular diseases	26
slice cultures	26
nasal mucosa	26
single cells	26
mice overexpressing	26
related genes	26
basic protein	26
cytotoxic effects	25
mice revealed	25
also important	25
apn transgenic	25
mice vaccinated	25
colon carcinoma	25
present data	25
i will	25
mouse adenovirus	25
venezuelan equine	25
binding activity	25
strongly suggest	25
extensively studied	25
human umbilical	25
cst gene	25
may show	25
neurons showed	25
stromal cells	25
white blood	25
mucosal immune	25
large numbers	25
higher level	25
antigen receptor	25
using flow	25
mice will	25
particle size	25
present work	25
sequence homology	25
fos expression	25
vice versa	25
purkinje cell	25
days postexposure	25
deeper layers	25
rotavirus infection	25
pancreatic acinar	25
conditioned medium	25
control diet	25
chronic stress	25
ctl activity	25
previously demonstrated	25
high incidence	25
pulmonary disease	25
human tissues	25
fold change	25
functional recovery	25
glutamate transporters	25
inhalation exposure	25
studied using	25
acid residues	25
trauma patients	25
murine leukemia	25
primary cultures	25
effector functions	25
tail vein	25
zikv infection	25
antigenic peptides	25
comparative study	25
experiments revealed	25
organ injury	25
animals showed	25
target gene	25
mouse liver	25
much less	25
reovirus type	25
cc strains	25
cell receptors	25
also induced	25
hantavirus pulmonary	25
tumor microenvironment	25
differentially regulated	25
monocytes macrophages	25
broadly neutralizing	25
human diseases	25
cell hybridomas	25
chikungunya virus	25
treatment group	25
inflammatory lesions	25
ovarian cancer	25
defense mechanisms	25
signaling molecules	25
reperfusion injury	25
time rt	25
submandibular glands	25
glutamate release	25
serum igg	25
cell signaling	25
fluorescence intensity	25
lipid mediators	25
aged rats	25
also performed	25
lung diseases	25
muscular dystrophy	25
inflammatory infiltrates	25
pilot study	25
heart disease	25
dna double	25
tyrosine phosphorylation	24
cells compared	24
cd cell	24
endothelial growth	24
columnar cells	24
transduction pathways	24
specific binding	24
myelin basic	24
experimentally induced	24
respiratory system	24
trpc channels	24
recombinant vaccinia	24
lethal dose	24
free radical	24
granule cell	24
different mechanisms	24
also seen	24
fear memory	24
specific pathogen	24
i mhc	24
pcr assays	24
will help	24
dipeptidyl peptidase	24
underlying mechanism	24
neuronal damage	24
vector expressing	24
life science	24
tissue repair	24
environmental conditions	24
insulin signaling	24
days following	24
inducible nitric	24
quantitative pcr	24
following treatment	24
limiting dilution	24
various types	24
localized il	24
least two	24
pandemic influenza	24
induced pulmonary	24
hong kong	24
complex i	24
bal fluid	24
lipid peroxidation	24
lung cancer	24
apoptosis necrosis	24
cell recognition	24
receptor signaling	24
ganglion cells	24
root ganglion	24
mouse thymic	24
urinary bladder	24
small rodents	24
might also	24
highly contagious	24
cryptosporidium parvum	24
glucose uptake	24
cb infection	24
cells expressed	24
mesangial cells	24
blood donors	24
ml kg	24
cell transformation	24
severe combined	24
tc route	24
become infected	24
recent data	24
human coronavirus	24
congo red	24
many tissues	24
goblet cell	24
recent advances	24
open reading	24
virus shedding	24
plasma samples	24
double strand	24
human blood	24
increasing evidence	24
cells transfected	24
analyses revealed	24
per year	24
lethal disease	24
stained sections	24
luciferase reporter	24
mice exhibit	24
genes associated	24
low doses	24
dba mice	24
two days	24
neuronal differentiation	24
cells following	23
gastric glands	23
neural progenitor	23
systemic inflammation	23
post inoculation	23
human il	23
scientific research	23
spinal cords	23
several different	23
cell necrosis	23
still unclear	23
spatial memory	23
swiss mice	23
serine protease	23
brain activity	23
cellular processes	23
human antibodies	23
stressed mice	23
specific differences	23
inoculated mice	23
ach signaling	23
chief cells	23
peripheral tissues	23
vascular endothelium	23
working memory	23
ligand binding	23
specific anti	23
cell apoptosis	23
study demonstrates	23
lung pathology	23
san diego	23
superoxide dismutase	23
medical sciences	23
studies demonstrated	23
smallpox vaccine	23
kinase inhibitor	23
increased significantly	23
therapeutic targets	23
increased production	23
associated molecular	23
death clearly	23
embryonic day	23
severe sepsis	23
mice results	23
clinical features	23
sepsis syndrome	23
using different	23
markedly increased	23
mycobacterium tuberculosis	23
different mouse	23
effective treatment	23
secretory phospholipase	23
suckling mouse	23
cardiac myocytes	23
elevated plus	23
data suggests	23
also examined	23
soft tissue	23
small number	23
mhc i	23
humoral immunity	23
significantly greater	23
provide new	23
model systems	23
barrier function	23
cell body	23
induced dna	23
transmitter release	23
evaluated using	23
increased activity	23
prostate cancer	23
myeloma cells	23
pcr assay	23
human cell	23
experiments using	23
one year	23
mutant mouse	23
sham controls	23
langerhans cells	23
lung homogenates	23
homologous recombination	23
spatial learning	23
among others	23
day pi	23
intravenous injection	23
primary cells	23
eosinophilic cytoplasm	23
derived neurotrophic	23
showed higher	23
mice challenged	23
immune systems	23
oral route	23
tissue tropism	23
highly variable	23
brain areas	23
cell maturation	23
tumor regression	23
laser scanning	23
streptobacillus moniliformis	23
transcript levels	23
four different	23
antibodies may	23
currently investigating	23
mediated activation	23
various cell	23
primate model	23
monoclonal anti	23
helicobacter spp	23
transgenic animals	23
umbilical cord	23
clearly fit	23
nod scid	23
signs include	23
care unit	23
polyclonal antibody	23
atherosclerotic lesions	23
kg i	23
reading frame	23
human tumor	23
study aimed	23
inflammatory effects	23
lineage cells	23
epithelial hyperplasia	23
mouse cells	23
cells per	23
vaccine development	23
synthetic peptide	23
also available	23
mice without	23
light chains	23
wild rodents	23
neural activities	23
tract infection	23
lps injection	23
secreted phospholipase	23
cellular atypia	23
circulating levels	23
gene promoter	23
optical stimulation	23
salmonella typhimurium	23
study investigated	23
disease onset	22
inflammatory properties	22
keio univ	22
fl fl	22
protein tyrosine	22
like particles	22
cellular uptake	22
horseradish peroxidase	22
clamp recordings	22
cells stimulated	22
poly i	22
neuronal migration	22
days prior	22
point mutations	22
motor learning	22
cytokine storm	22
lentiviral vector	22
relatively high	22
mouse antibody	22
regulatory role	22
i antigen	22
gene delivery	22
pneumocystis carinii	22
absorptive cells	22
ros production	22
ischemic injury	22
total protein	22
previous work	22
tlr stimulation	22
brain ischemia	22
observations suggest	22
norovirus infection	22
unclear whether	22
thymic virus	22
specific protein	22
recent evidence	22
alveolar damage	22
subventricular zone	22
model using	22
steroidal anti	22
human genes	22
ca channels	22
oligodendrocyte precursor	22
assay using	22
human testis	22
immune tolerance	22
helicobacter pylori	22
tg mouse	22
acetic acid	22
pv strains	22
heavy chains	22
cell fate	22
weanling mice	22
atopic dermatitis	22
human epididymis	22
gastric acid	22
disease susceptibility	22
ischemia reperfusion	22
systemic disease	22
cell interactions	22
study period	22
also cause	22
negative sepsis	22
previous findings	22
constitutively active	22
macrophage colony	22
murine encephalomyelitis	22
independent experiments	22
animal testing	22
allergic inflammation	22
peritoneal cavity	22
activating factor	22
changes induced	22
severe respiratory	22
various organs	22
riken bsi	22
produce il	22
may act	22
vessel wall	22
hepg cells	22
clinical manifestations	22
free mice	22
recently described	22
cytopathic effect	22
model organism	22
transgene expression	22
breeding colonies	22
cotton rat	22
times higher	22
high expression	22
several types	22
cd antibodies	22
ca release	22
therapeutic intervention	22
predominantly expressed	22
mediated gene	22
cancer research	22
neuroendocrine cells	22
diarrhea virus	22
cecal ligation	22
also investigated	22
intravital microscopy	22
negative controls	22
transcriptional activity	22
also tested	22
varying degrees	22
cell counts	22
also involved	22
igg antibodies	22
test whether	22
cdna library	22
porcine epidemic	22
negative feedback	22
medical science	22
will allow	22
well defined	22
tlr signaling	22
cerebral artery	22
different tissues	22
therapeutic efficacy	22
induced injury	22
fatal disease	22
water maze	22
may contain	22
nod mice	22
sa mix	22
ulcerative colitis	22
forming units	22
zikv inoculation	22
taste cells	22
sensitive dye	22
corpus callosum	22
antibody levels	22
calcium influx	22
burn injury	22
protective efficacy	21
acid substitutions	21
directed mutagenesis	21
semliki forest	21
cell recruitment	21
evidence indicates	21
toxicology program	21
national toxicology	21
animals died	21
host responses	21
small bowel	21
liquid chromatography	21
specific inhibitors	21
new zealand	21
vesicular stomatitis	21
using specific	21
positive neurons	21
cavity pharynx	21
mouse lung	21
functional analysis	21
host genotype	21
th responses	21
cell fusion	21
different concentrations	21
using mouse	21
often used	21
optical imaging	21
insulin sensitivity	21
common cause	21
primary infection	21
bite fever	21
following injury	21
inflammatory changes	21
tnf receptors	21
surface antigen	21
study demonstrated	21
conformational change	21
causes severe	21
stranded dna	21
within weeks	21
growth cones	21
glutamic acid	21
scar formation	21
proteolytic activity	21
also produced	21
host factors	21
another study	21
drug delivery	21
month old	21
primary mouse	21
culture conditions	21
apoptotic bodies	21
littermate controls	21
mhv infections	21
carcinoma cells	21
liver failure	21
vascular injury	21
alcian blue	21
damage response	21
cardiac puncture	21
skeletal muscles	21
surface molecules	21
ubiquitously expressed	21
virus challenge	21
also suggest	21
plaque formation	21
vessel walls	21
molecular patterns	21
much lower	21
experimental evidence	21
major cause	21
regulatory proteins	21
host immunity	21
ca channel	21
nonhuman primate	21
activated receptor	21
norwalk virus	21
expression system	21
ml min	21
middle cerebral	21
drug administration	21
tumor suppressor	21
motor cortex	21
cmv infection	21
marginal zone	21
virus titers	21
may produce	21
basal forebrain	21
vast majority	21
lysis buffer	21
antitumor immunity	21
also able	21
glial scar	21
resonance imaging	21
acid metabolism	21
axon terminals	21
low level	21
increased il	21
vertical transmission	21
cell depletion	21
killer cell	21
viral entry	21
delivery system	21
molecular level	21
glutamate uptake	21
transient increase	21
inner ear	21
experimental infections	21
high titers	21
genetic factors	21
also expressed	21
intranasal route	21
exercise training	21
cause severe	21
test system	21
angiotensin converting	21
surround suppression	21
helper cell	21
type receptor	21
cells increased	21
stratified squamous	21
plus maze	21
tumor development	21
functional properties	21
id route	21
animal facility	21
human exposure	21
side chain	21
cd foxp	21
mouse brains	21
calcium channels	21
target proteins	21
human macrophages	21
receptor mediated	21
tandem mass	21
immunocompromised mice	21
fetal liver	21
two strains	21
memory formation	21
cell tolerance	21
mouse colony	21
associated protein	21
metropolitan institute	21
disease models	21
organ damage	21
induced cytokine	21
lung disease	21
detected using	21
study shows	21
calf serum	21
bla ach	21
infrared spectroscopy	21
i expression	21
urinary tract	21
antibiotic therapy	21
study also	21
recombinant mva	21
camp levels	20
expression profiling	20
two species	20
postsynaptic currents	20
surviving mice	20
tnf receptor	20
neutrophil recruitment	20
seven days	20
tissue homogenates	20
viral diseases	20
recombinant proteins	20
kinase activity	20
possible mechanism	20
brain research	20
show signs	20
silver nanoparticles	20
cell lysis	20
cell morphology	20
statistical analyses	20
quantitative trait	20
genetically diverse	20
activated cell	20
diarrheal disease	20
arterial pressure	20
da neurons	20
transplantable tumours	20
melanoma cells	20
cycle progression	20
minor salivary	20
listeria monocytogenes	20
data showed	20
interstitial fibrosis	20
endotracheal tube	20
almost completely	20
female reproductive	20
early postnatal	20
showed high	20
well documented	20
vivo experiments	20
challenged mice	20
virus disease	20
severely affected	20
day postexposure	20
cytosolic ca	20
stem progenitor	20
express il	20
vivo models	20
th day	20
significantly larger	20
antigen expression	20
primary motor	20
polyclonal antibodies	20
mammary tumors	20
functional roles	20
university medical	20
infection occurs	20
also susceptible	20
cells might	20
similar changes	20
analysis indicated	20
cytometry analysis	20
mainly due	20
animal facilities	20
peptide binding	20
nuclear extracts	20
filovirus infection	20
biological samples	20
chemically induced	20
published data	20
male infertility	20
systematic review	20
vivo model	20
host resistance	20
findings show	20
human gene	20
observation period	20
extracellular space	20
using whole	20
fear conditioning	20
body fluids	20
lps induced	20
signalling molecules	20
endocrine cells	20
vitro stimulation	20
species differences	20
induced demyelination	20
use committee	20
neural cells	20
quantitative analysis	20
nerve regeneration	20
th response	20
recombinant adenovirus	20
cell lymphoma	20
rat spinal	20
genes identified	20
nucleic acid	20
mouse cst	20
certain strains	20
cell tumor	20
antigen recognition	20
powerful tool	20
cultured rat	20
die within	20
breast milk	20
rna virus	20
developing brain	20
binding assays	20
mice aged	20
neurodegenerative disease	20
transcriptional level	20
also measured	20
immune activation	20
long periods	20
chronic pain	20
regulatory mechanisms	20
specific activity	20
clinical study	20
therapeutic approach	20
intranuclear inclusions	20
hunched posture	20
acid oxidation	20
african green	20
cell therapy	20
capsid protein	20
examine whether	20
histological analysis	20
neointima formation	20
artery occlusion	20
five days	20
chronic treatment	20
loaded microspheres	20
old rats	20
functional significance	20
induced increase	20
rattus norvegicus	20
late phase	20
dependent increase	20
node cells	20
bladder cancer	20
short term	20
significantly less	20
igg response	20
advancing age	20
goat anti	20
neointimal hyperplasia	20
schwann cell	20
human recombinant	20
synaptic vesicles	20
synaptic inputs	20
recent findings	20
immune suppression	20
reporter mice	20
tyrosine kinases	20
murid herpesvirus	20
three mice	20
frontal cortex	20
plaque assay	20
visual information	20
cytokine profiles	20
proliferative activity	20
vitro methods	20
receptor subtypes	20
viral persistence	20
affected animals	20
available elisa	20
nerve fibers	20
synapse formation	20
seasonal influenza	20
kda protein	20
rat liver	20
blood vessel	20
also occurs	20
induced neointimal	19
terminal region	19
small amounts	19
satellite cells	19
umami taste	19
eastern equine	19
ri strains	19
mouse genes	19
epidemiological studies	19
muscle cell	19
somatosensory cortex	19
energy transfer	19
take place	19
human ace	19
physiologically relevant	19
cells treated	19
disease process	19
chronically stressed	19
visual stimuli	19
digestive system	19
inflammatory genes	19
vad male	19
low density	19
clinical isolate	19
neuronal function	19
digestive tract	19
fold lower	19
two cell	19
see chapter	19
interferon gamma	19
calcium channel	19
nagoya univ	19
presynaptic terminals	19
basic research	19
serological testing	19
xenopus laevis	19
i ii	19
two genes	19
olfactory system	19
catalytic subunit	19
congo hemorrhagic	19
mouse embryos	19
term memory	19
gray matter	19
quantified using	19
broad spectrum	19
subcellular localization	19
likely present	19
structural proteins	19
cerebrospinal fluid	19
new model	19
single amino	19
focally extensive	19
lesions may	19
disease model	19
th cytokine	19
atypical hyperplasia	19
analysed using	19
human mabs	19
least three	19
mean arterial	19
matrix proteins	19
useful model	19
based vaccine	19
first line	19
postnatal development	19
virus persistence	19
transcriptional activation	19
pharmacological inhibition	19
genes encoding	19
otitis media	19
receptor tyrosine	19
infected colonies	19
patients without	19
mycoplasmal infections	19
hematopoietic cells	19
term survival	19
biological processes	19
pichinde virus	19
motor neuron	19
ion channel	19
experiments showed	19
bd biosciences	19
calcium signaling	19
channel activity	19
may require	19
analysis demonstrated	19
neurological symptoms	19
injected mice	19
molecular layer	19
derived growth	19
common marmosets	19
specific antigen	19
histological changes	19
gondii infection	19
concentration range	19
cyclic nucleotide	19
jurkat cells	19
viral clearance	19
neuronal survival	19
systemic circulation	19
highly specific	19
nuclear receptor	19
atherosclerotic plaques	19
cytomegalovirus infection	19
gene silencing	19
promising therapeutic	19
feeding behavior	19
urine samples	19
located within	19
reduced expression	19
results demonstrated	19
stomatitis virus	19
response syndrome	19
vaccine delivery	19
male mouse	19
glial activation	19
study provides	19
test articles	19
cellular level	19
opportunistic infections	19
important factor	19
viral hepatitis	19
using mice	19
host genetic	19
primary rat	19
olfactory dysfunction	19
significant increases	19
limited number	19
negative control	19
oligodendrocyte progenitor	19
different brain	19
human fetal	19
colonic mucosa	19
transplantable tumors	19
variable regions	19
may alter	19
kupffer cells	19
immunosuppressed mice	19
heparan sulfate	19
drug discovery	19
rat mite	19
plasmid dna	19
also possible	19
i antigens	19
secreting cells	19
mouse embryonic	19
similar neoplastic	19