Distant Reader - keyword-zikv-cord

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-25 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader cord process, and the input was the result of a query applied to a local mirror of CORD, a data set of scholarly articles on the topic of COVID-19. The actual query was: keywords:zikv. The results of this query were saved in a cache and transformed into a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 54 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 612,271 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 11,338 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 48. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

zikv, virus, blood, cells, infection, zika, study, patients, using, viral, cell, results, transfusion, studies, also, anti, used, human, case, may, patient, time, infected, samples, performed, protein, mice, one, data, clinical, two, antibody, rna, days, disease, donors, associated, group, viruses, positive, based, method, plasma, testing, high, design, use, ml, units, rbc

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Zika fever and congenital Zika syndrome: An unexpected emerging arboviral disease, Host-Directed Antivirals: A Realistic Alternative to Fight Zika Virus, and Viral-Immune Cell Interactions at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in Human Pregnancy.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

zika virus, zikv infection, study design, case studies, background case, design method, results finding, virus infection, vero cells, blood bank, viral rna, infected cells, red blood, whole blood, results findings, pregnant women, design methods, blood donors, west nile, blood center, natal rgn, dengue virus, zikv natal, nile virus, blood cells, natural products, immune response, blood products, zikv strains, public health, zikv rna, blood cell, red cell, blood group, retinoic acid, antiviral activity, performed using, spinal cord, mg dl, united states, flow cytometry, blood components, viral replication, room temperature, sexual transmission, rbc units, transfusion medicine, statistically significant, zikv replication, type i

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Zika fever and congenital Zika syndrome: An unexpected emerging arboviral disease Host-Directed Antivirals: A Realistic Alternative to Fight Zika Virus, and Viral-Immune Cell Interactions at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in Human Pregnancy.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

zikv, zika, virus, rna, cell, infection, denv, vero, study, sars, pcr, ediii, brazil, vaccine, supplementary, rgn, pfu, patient, finding, case, aedes, zk7c3, zk2b10, zais, wnv, wbc, vps, usuv, upr, university, type, transfusion, tpe, test, tbk1, table, system, suppl, studies, sponv, sequence, sample, rhd, result, red, rbc, rare, radiol, protein, pregnant

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be zikv, and Zika Virus Infection in Dexamethasone-immunosuppressed Mice Demonstrating Disseminated Infection with Multi-organ Involvement Including Orchitis Effectively Treated by Recombinant Type I Interferons is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

blood, transfusion, study - Abstract Presentations from the AABB Annual Meeting San Diego, CA ctober 7‐10, 2017
zikv, virus, cells - Viruses harness YxxØ motif to interact with host AP2M1 for replication: A vulnerable broad-spectrum antiviral target
patients, imaging, mri - ESPR 2017
zikv, virus, zika - Effects of Adjuvants on the Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Zika Virus Envelope Domain III Subunit Vaccine
clr01, cells, antiviral - Fluorescent Quantum Dots-Zika Virus Hybrid Nanoconjugates for Biolabeling, Bioimaging, and Tracking Host-Cell Interactions

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

virus, cells, blood, infection, patients, cell, study, results, transfusion, time, samples, mice, protein, data, antibody, patient, days, donors, viruses, method, group, disease, plasma, units, analysis, cases, conclusion, testing, assay, treatment, number, platelet, studies, system, proteins, levels, antibodies, use, products, type, control, activity, day, replication, findings, brain, donor, response, risk, children

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

used, shown, perform, including, infected, identified, compared, reporting, associated, based, increased, determine, followed, testing, found, evaluated, detected, reduced, provided, demonstrated, treated, induced, developing, indicated, suggest, collected, observed, require, analyzed, cause, confirm, assess, result, presented, described, inhibit, obtain, received, led, representing, reveals, contain, decreases, transfused, remaining, neutralizes, known, seen, measuring, related

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

ZIKV, Zika, RNA, RBC, Study, Design, Case, Studies, Background, Fig, C, Vero, CT, MRI, PCR, US, RT, Blood, DENV, ER, Virus, T, Brazil, PBS, A, EDIII, ABO, M, D, University, RHD, PLT, B, SARS, Rh, HCV, MR, HIV, HLA, CHIKV, Health, West, Center, mg, Figure, USA, Aedes, ACA, Transfusion, TPE

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

we, our, it, their, its, they, i, them, her, he, his, she, us, you, your, one, itself, themselves, cbae-1, my, z004, me, igg4, a129, z2-cy5, z"ikv, srbcs, s, rbcs/100, mrnas, mg, magpixv, imagej, ifitm3, him, epa)registered, e15.5, dnk, c.1136c

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

viral, anti, human, clinical, positive, high, different, significant, specific, negative, non, higher, antiviral, red, first, low, new, infectious, immune, fetal, potential, available, post, single, lower, severe, multiple, molecular, diagnostic, congenital, pregnant, pre, similar, patient, acute, important, normal, possible, pediatric, infected, many, several, effective, recent, whole, total, additional, large, small, mean

also, however, well, significantly, respectively, previously, therefore, prior, even, often, highly, approximately, recently, especially, still, currently, ns3, first, clinically, statistically, particularly, directly, less, specifically, potentially, furthermore, additionally, moreover, alone, mainly, later, commonly, generally, similarly, relatively, least, subsequently, together, now, briefly, usually, interestingly, rapidly, slightly, likely, successfully, finally, primarily, fully, almost

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.