Distant Reader - subject-persecution-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 41 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,248,576 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 31,214 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 93. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, one, church, christ, also, made, time, will, vales, many, bishop, chap, men, great, concerning, first, words, may, yet, therefore, place, things, lord, man, us, now, book, people, king, emperour, shall, death, might, much, two, day, life, truth, others, word, see, city, sent, bishops, called, good, manner, persons, christians, religion

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The history of the church from our Lords incarnation, to the twelth year of the Emperour Maricius Tiberius, or the Year of Christ 594 / as it was written in Greek, by Eusebius Pamphilius ..., Socrates Scholasticus, and Evagrius Scholasticus ... ; made English from that edition of these historians, which Valesius published at Paris in the years 1659, 1668, and 1673 ; also, The life of Constantine in four books, written by Eusibius Pamphilus, with Constantine's Oration to the convention of the saints, and Eusebius's Speech in praise of Constantine, spoken at his tricennalia ; Valesius's annotations on these authors, are done into English, and set at their proper places in the margin, as likewise a translation of his account of their lives and writings ; with two index's, the one, of the principal matters that occur in the text, the other, of those contained in the notes., Christs victorie ouer Sathans tyrannie Wherin is contained a catalogue of all Christs faithfull souldiers that the Diuell either by his grand captaines the emperours, or by his most deerly beloued sonnes and heyres the popes, haue most cruelly martyred for the truth. With all the poysoned doctrins wherewith that great redde dragon hath made drunken the kings and inhabitants of the earth; with the confutations of them together with all his trayterous practises and designes, against all Christian princes to this day, especially against our late Queen Elizabeth of famous memorie, and our most religious Soueraigne Lord King Iames. Faithfully abstracted out of the Book of martyrs, and diuers other books. By Thomas Mason preacher of Gods Word., and A generall martyrologie containing a collection of all the greatest persecutions which have befallen the church of Christ from the creation to our present times, both in England and other nations : whereunto are added two and twenty lives of English modern divines ... : as also the life of the heroical Admiral of France slain in the partisan massacre and of Joane Queen of Navar poisoned a little before / by Sa. Clarke..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

master cotton, page chap, christ jesus, mr cotton, jesus christ, fuketian copy, every one, made use, set forth, whole world, book de, christian religion, lord jesus, english books, early english, next day, th moneth, one another, holy ghost, let us, books online, roman empire, informs us, first place, first book, th day, years old, long time, like manner, gods word, civil state, ecclesiastick history, right hand, catholick church, brought forth, page images, second book, tells us, long since, text creation, creation partnership, anno christi, taken away, may see, following words, new testament, sacred scriptures, ordained bishop, many others, three hundred

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The wounds of an enemie in the house of a friend. Being a relation of the hard measure sustained by Miles Halhead, and Thomas Salthouse, for the testimony of Jesus: particularly in a long, and sore, and close imprisonment, first at Plymouth, and then at Exeter in the county of Devon, though they have neither offended the law of God, or of the nation. Published for the clearing of their innocency from the cloud of transgression, of which they are supposed highly guilty, and by reason of their silent abiding such sharp, and long, and cruell sufferings. The bloody tenent yet more bloody: by Mr Cottons endevour to wash it white in the blood of the lambe; of whose precious blood, spilt in the blood of his servants; and of the blood of millions spilt in fromer and later wars for conscience sake, that most bloody tenent of presecution for cause of conscience, upon a second tryal, is found now more apparently and more notoriously guilty. In this rejoynder to Mr Cotton, are principally I. The nature of persecution, II. The power of the civill sword in spirituals examined; III. The Parliaments permission of dissenting consciences justified. Also (as a testimony to Mr Clarks narrative) is added a letter to Mr Endicot governor of the Massachusets in N.E. By R. Williams of Providence in New-England., and An exhortation to friends in and about the county of Worcester and elsewhere.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, lord, tcp, church, religion, persecution, law, people, king, christ, world, spirit, english, emperour, court, christians, bishop, thomas, protestants, priest, pope, john, gospel, gods, father, england, city, churches, christian, children, william, son, scriptures, saints, papists, man, jury, faith, truth, town, souldiers, scripture, roman, principle, priests, popish, persecutors, peace, oath, men

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and A discourse concerning riots occasioned by some of the people called Quakers, being imprisoned and indicted for a riot, for only being at a peaceable meeting to worship God / written by one of that people, Thomas Ellwood. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

time, men, words, things, place, man, people, death, t, day, others, manner, truth, persons, life, book, year, word, ▪, name, thing, body, person, power, peace, world, religion, way, account, reason, years, reading, faith, nothing, fire, order, end, hands, hand, times, part, books, mind, opinion, regard, places, self, p., prison, wit

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

was, is, be, were, had, have, are, being, said, made, been, did, concerning, do, having, sent, called, has, came, see, make, put, come, say, done, brought, taken, set, written, let, found, went, according, says, take, read, does, 〈, wrote, know, give, took, am, condemned, burned, gave, given, cast, suffered, saying

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

〉, ◊, 〈, god, christ, church, vales, bishop, chap, lord, c., emperour, king, christians, city, bishops, thou, eusebius, ●, rome, hath, synod, constantine, pope, father, law, jesus, master, holy, book, gods, ibid, john, cotton, iohn, son, antioch, alexandria, christian, thomas, copy, m., england, epistle, faith, constantinople, persecution, religion, spirit, churches

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

he, his, they, it, their, him, them, i, you, we, our, my, her, your, us, himself, me, she, themselves, thy, its, thee, one, theirs, vp, ye, mine, ours, †, yours, herself, whereof, vnto, ''s, f, us''d, ‖, s, ●, yee, vvith, hers, itself, hee, em, u, severall, ''em, translatours, thou

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, same, many, such, great, own, first, true, good, whole, more, much, little, second, present, last, old, holy, false, most, very, certain, common, civil, new, third, least, dead, former, poor, wise, next, long, divine, high, able, greater, several, contrary, wicked, spiritual, sacred, few, like, young, better, full, worthy, publick, small

not, so, then, also, therefore, thus, now, most, up, out, more, here, together, as, very, there, only, yet, well, first, again, much, forth, away, before, rather, even, down, indeed, afterwards, moreover, long, onely, never, †, further, ever, in, far, off, is, that, thereof, likewise, instead, all, especially, else, about, still

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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