Distant Reader - subject-presbyterianism-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 61 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 3,302,164 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 54,133 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 89. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

church, god, christ, will, one, may, us, power, shall, yet, men, lord, now, man, say, many, word, first, must, people, king, made, churches, make, good, therefore, also, things, great, way, government, might, without, law, much, though, saith, time, doth, ye, well, apostles, ministers, faith, come, thing, never, see, onely, true

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The due right of presbyteries, or, A peaceable plea for the government of the Church of Scotland ... by Samuel Rutherfurd ..., The divine right of church-government and excommunication: or a peacable dispute for the perfection of the holy scripture in point of ceremonies and church government; in which the removal of the Service-book is justifi''d, the six books of Tho: Erastus against excommunication are briefly examin''d; with a vindication of that eminent divine Theod: Beza against the aspersions of Erastus, the arguments of Mr. William Pryn, Rich: Hooker, Dr. Morton, Dr. Jackson, Dr. John Forbes, and the doctors of Aberdeen; touching will-worship, ceremonies, imagery, idolatry, things indifferent, an ambulatory government; the due and just powers of the magistrate in matters of religion, and the arguments of Mr. Pryn, in so far as they side with Erastus, are modestly discussed. To which is added, a brief tractate of scandal ... / By Samuel Rutherfurd, Professor of Divinity in the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. Published by authority., and The utter routing of the whole army of all the Independents and Sectaries, with the totall overthrow of their hierarchy ..., or, Independency not Gods ordinance in which all the frontires of the Presbytery ... are defended ... / by John Bastvvick, captain in the Presbyterian army..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

visible church, jesus christ, holy ghost, new testament, every one, lord jesus, lords supper, let us, lord iesus, iesus christ, church government, gods word, one place, presbyterian government, whole church, brother burton, tells us, english books, early english, must needs, every man, one another, holy things, one church, books online, presbyterian ministers, many congregations, ye shall, reformed churches, may see, one congregation, true church, divine right, general assembly, master knollys, holy scripture, one thing, christian church, take away, many things, take notice, page images, will never, tell us, sweet lord, roman non, mercy peace, christ jesus, text creation, creation partnership

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Several propositions presented to the members of the Honourable House of Commons, by Mr. Peters, Minister of the Gospell of Jesus Christ; concerning the Presbyterian ministers of this kingdome. With a discovery of two great plots against the Parliament of England: the first, by the Queen, and the English runagadoes in France. The second, by the Lord Hopton, Col. Cartwright, and divers others in the island of Jarsey. Also, a declaration of His Highnesse the Prince of Wales in France. A modell of the government of the church under the gospel, by presbyters, proved out of the holy scriptures, to be that one, onely uniform government of the universall visible church, and of all nationall, provinciall, classicall and congregationall churches: which is according to the will and appointment of Jesus Christ. Which may serve to stay such as are doubting, with hope of full satisfaction, and clear demonstration of this truth, shortly to be made by the reverend Assembly of Divines. / Composed by a Presbyterian minister of the city of London, and approved by divers of his learned brethren, and at their request published., and A brotherly and friendly censure of the errour of a dear friend and brother in Christian affection, in an answer to his four questions lately sent abroad in print to the view of the world. Published according to order..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

church, god, government, lord, king, christ, law, parliament, ministers, churches, covenant, tcp, spirit, presbyterian, word, scripture, gospel, cor, authority, act, bishops, power, people, party, assembly, saints, prince, man, majesty, land, father, english, book, world, son, paul, mr., men, lords, laws, kingdom, john, iesus, house, england, doctrine, apostles, testament, state, rom

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be church, and The relaps''d apostate, or, Notes upon a Presbyterian pamphlet, entituled, A petition for peace, &c. wherein the faction and design are laid as open as heart can wish by Roger L''Estrange. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

power, men, man, people, things, way, time, church, thing, word, place, p., part, words, day, reason, others, nothing, hath, faith, churches, sin, truth, scripture, world, love, name, life, self, none, doth, end, grace, nature, heart, government, body, death, hands, soul, case, order, persons, members, matter, cause, house, brother, work, glory

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, were, had, say, do, did, being, made, make, been, said, come, see, take, give, let, know, given, according, called, am, put, done, set, hath, having, prove, think, taken, ''s, found, came, sent, speak, brought, deny, cast, answer, gave, believe, teach, bring, received, thought, find, heard

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, church, christ, 〉, ◊, 〈, lord, king, c., hath, law, ye, government, mr., churches, ●, word, ministers, apostles, act, heaven, covenant, gods, cor, q., a., paul, spirit, parliament, gospel, england, yea, lords, christs, thou, jesus, bishops, holy, bishop, doe, scotland, magistrate, authority, erastus, l., rom, presbyters, elders, presbyterians, christian

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, they, his, he, their, i, them, we, you, our, him, your, my, us, me, themselves, himself, her, its, thy, she, thee, ye, one, ours, theirs, yours, mine, ''em, em, ''s, yee, whereof, itself, vvhat, s, myself, l, shou''d, ourselves, yourself, thou, severall, elias, ay, us''d, u, ts, o, ●

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, other, many, same, own, great, good, first, more, true, whole, much, new, visible, holy, little, saith, particular, common, present, second, last, very, ordinary, necessary, false, former, old, least, greater, most, poor, better, full, private, free, contrary, able, presbyterian, like, sweet, few, high, scandalous, several, divine, late, next, sure, wicked

not, so, then, now, therefore, also, more, as, up, yet, here, only, never, onely, well, out, most, very, thus, even, ever, first, much, there, in, together, down, again, far, all, away, rather, too, still, before, forth, no, thereof, indeed, off, long, hence, especially, once, on, else, otherwise, at, just, truly

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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