Distant Reader - subject-protestantism-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 52 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 2,657,515 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 51,106 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 89. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

church, god, may, will, one, faith, christ, yet, say, scripture, must, men, true, man, us, therefore, first, things, now, religion, many, much, make, shall, without, doth, saith, doctrine, protestants, reason, de, great, made, churches, pope, thing, haue, believe, though, good, words, also, rome, whether, word, world, know, truth, authority, necessary

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A rational account of the grounds of Protestant religion being a vindication of the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury''s relation of a conference, &c., from the pretended answer by T.C. : wherein the true grounds of faith are cleared and the false discovered, the Church of England vindicated from the imputation of schism, and the most important particular controversies between us and those of the Church of Rome throughly examined / by Edward Stillingfleet ..., The religion of protestants a safe vvay to salvation. Or An ansvver to a booke entitled Mercy and truth, or, charity maintain''d by Catholiques, which pretends to prove the contrary. By William Chillingworth Master of Arts of the University of Oxford, and A treatise of religion and governmemt [sic] with reflexions vpon the cause and cure of Englands late distempers and present dangers· The argument vvhether Protestancy is less dangerous to the soul, or more advantagious to the state, then the Roman Catholick religion? The conclusion that piety and policy are mistaken in promoting Protestancy, and persecuting Popery by penal and sanguinary statuts..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

catholick church, roman church, true church, holy ghost, iesus christ, general council, visible church, tell us, whole church, general councils, christian religion, holy scripture, every one, english books, early english, gods word, roman catholick, priuate spirit, protestant religion, must needs, particular church, new testament, present church, christian world, books online, let us, tells us, much less, man may, protestant church, many things, whole world, catholique church, churches infallibility, holy scriptures, christian faith, euery one, good works, church may, divine revelation, christian church, every man, universal church, catholike church, divine faith, may see, may erre, page images, gods church, text creation

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Partridge''s advice to the Protestants of England. Questions propounded for resolution of unlearned Protestants in matter of religion, to the doctours of the prelaticall pretended reformed church of England., and Bp Carletons testimonie concerning the Presbyterian discipline in the Low-Countries, and Episcopall government here in England. VVherein is briefly discovered the novelty of the one, and antiquity of the other; with a short taste of the inconveniences that attend the new plat-forme, where that is set up in the roome of the old primitive government. Published for the common good..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

church, god, religion, scripture, christ, tcp, protestants, pope, lord, apostles, roman, faith, churches, fathers, christian, bishops, sacrament, communion, king, holy, body, authority, world, scriptures, papists, man, law, councell, catholick, word, spirit, rome, hereticks, ghost, england, doctrine, council, catholike, augustine, salvation, saints, protestant, priest, pastors, ministers, luther, early, doctor, creed, christians

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be church, and The general London epistle of Quirinus Kuhlman a Christian, to the Wiclef-Waldenses, Hussites, Zuinglians, Lutherans, and Calvinists being an explication of a vision and prophecy of John Kregel : wherein the reformation from popery is fundamentally asserted, and the union of Protestants convincingly urged : together with a postscript relating to the present popish plot : translated from the Latine copy printed at Rotterdam in May 1679. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, scripture, man, things, faith, thing, reason, words, religion, time, church, others, part, truth, nothing, body, way, word, sense, world, power, p., place, doctrine, self, people, doth, hath, matter, authority, fathers, spirit, ad, persons, none, points, scriptures, nature, question, cap, one, places, cause, case, life, point, churches, apostles, t, end

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, was, have, were, do, had, say, did, being, make, made, believe, been, know, see, said, according, prove, take, think, come, let, done, called, give, deny, tell, concerning, hath, am, haue, find, given, answer, call, believed, put, set, read, taken, pray, learned, hold, follow, doth, suppose, speak, written

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

church, god, 〉, christ, 〈, ◊, ●, c., s., pope, protestants, rome, faith, de, hath, council, churches, bishop, catholick, pag, christians, protestant, bishops, roman, holy, christian, doctrine, st., lord, religion, apostles, gods, england, l., lib, haue, authority, d., communion, divine, scripture, spirit, popes, luther, doe, ministers, infallibility, king, law, p.

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, they, you, his, he, i, their, them, we, your, our, him, us, my, her, me, themselves, himself, she, its, thy, yours, thee, one, theirs, ours, ''s, vp, ye, mine, us''d, u, vnto, yf, yow, ●, herself, s, ourselves, whosoever, f, shou''d, hers, o, itself, em, y, whereof, l, ay

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, such, true, same, many, great, own, first, necessary, more, good, infallible, whole, much, particular, former, present, sufficient, visible, new, false, saith, common, least, certain, holy, most, greater, contrary, second, ancient, last, little, very, impossible, better, general, evident, only, christian, able, plain, few, old, greatest, full, like, divine, sure, several

not, so, then, only, therefore, now, as, more, yet, also, most, thus, very, well, much, never, here, first, even, ever, all, there, out, far, indeed, up, rather, still, at, too, that, is, no, else, otherwise, in, onely, together, before, certainly, again, truly, further, long, away, down, thereof, sufficiently, plainly, already

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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