Distant Reader - subject-schism-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 36 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,839,577 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 51,099 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 89. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

church, one, will, may, us, god, churches, yet, christ, men, first, must, things, shall, communion, many, man, now, much, power, make, thing, therefore, made, great, schism, true, without, say, words, good, faith, way, bishop, world, authority, onely, another, bishops, part, though, reason, might, others, whether, non, time, separation, particular, mr

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Schism dispach''t or A rejoynder to the replies of Dr. Hammond and the Ld of Derry., An enquiry into the original, nature, institution, power, order and communion of evangelical churches. The first part with an answer to the discourse of the unreasonableness of separation written by Dr. Edward Stillingfleet, Dean of Pauls, and in defence of the vindication of non-conformists from the guilt of schisme / by John Owen., and The unreasonableness of separation, or, An impartial account of the history, nature, and pleas of the present separation from the communion of the Church of England to which, several late letters are annexed, of eminent Protestant divines abroad, concerning the nature of our differences, and the way to compose them / by Edward Stillingfleet ....

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

roman non, catholick church, tells us, let us, holy ghost, jesus christ, one another, particular church, true church, every one, particular churches, must needs, whole church, english books, early english, one church, tell us, true churches, will never, every man, books online, much less, one thing, universal church, divine institution, nothing else, many things, high priest, parochial churches, roman church, christian church, whole world, christian world, among us, one body, visible church, lord jesus, christian religion, new testament, page images, two things, gods word, may see, divine worship, text creation, creation partnership, one altar, reformed churches, man may, will say

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The reformation of the Church of England justified according to the canons of the Council of Nice, and other general councils, and the tradition of the Catholick Church being an answer to a paper reprinted at Oxford, called (The schism of the Church of England) demonstrated in four arguments, formerly proposed to Dr. Gunning and Dr. Pearson the late bishops of Ely and Chester, by two Catholick disputants, in a celebrated conference upon that point : in which answer the unworthy and false dealings of the papists are shewed, and the charge of schism returned upon them, and the Church of England proved truly Catholick and apostolick in her doctrine and constitution / by Dr. Saywell. Schism dispach''t or A rejoynder to the replies of Dr. Hammond and the Ld of Derry., and A review of the true nature of schisme, with a vindication of the Congregationall churches in England, from the imputation thereof unjustly charged on them by Mr D. Cawdrey, preacher of the Word at Billing in Northampton-shire. / By John Owen D.D..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

church, god, churches, communion, schism, scripture, law, bishops, authority, spirit, england, christian, christ, government, catholick, roman, lord, king, christians, apostles, religion, pope, people, ministers, bishop, world, separation, schisme, power, peter, paul, holy, unity, mr., men, gospel, ghost, faith, worship, truth, tcp, st., saviour, province, pastors, office, non, members, man, kingdom

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be church, and A winding-sheet for the schism of England contriv''d for to inform the ignorant, resolve the wavering, and confirm the well principled Roman Catholick. By J. E. missioner. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, things, man, p., thing, words, way, churches, power, others, part, reason, time, church, place, self, nothing, separation, world, people, hath, word, order, scripture, faith, none, sin, case, truth, matter, nature, body, communion, cause, one, question, members, persons, end, name, apostles, manner, doth, times, person, rest, point, peace, hee, use

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, was, have, were, had, do, been, being, did, make, made, say, think, know, let, said, see, take, done, give, according, come, given, concerning, called, hath, thought, am, prove, put, set, taken, having, believe, found, suppose, speak, hold, read, find, tells, received, makes, ''s, call, used, deny, pretended

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

church, 〉, ◊, 〈, god, christ, churches, c., s., bishop, schism, communion, mr., authority, hath, christians, bishops, england, peter, sect, rome, dr., st., christian, pope, faith, lord, paul, law, government, schisme, l., catholick, apostles, power, synod, holy, de, doctrine, h., world, king, gospel, worship, spirit, rule, divine, doctor, love, council

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, they, he, i, his, their, them, we, our, you, him, us, my, your, themselves, himself, me, its, her, she, thy, theirs, thee, one, ours, itself, mine, yours, ye, ourselves, ''s, whereof, hee, herself, us''d, non, hers, elias, whosoever, vnto, s, ce, severall, ob, myself, em, au, yourself, xxi.xxii, whence

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, other, same, own, many, great, true, more, first, good, particular, whole, necessary, much, common, non, -, former, roman, present, least, little, new, greater, second, false, certain, lawful, most, visible, very, sufficient, saith, private, several, evident, better, contrary, last, general, christian, like, old, due, proper, few, best, guilty, publick, plain

not, so, then, now, as, more, therefore, yet, only, onely, very, here, most, up, thus, never, also, first, much, well, out, ever, even, there, far, indeed, all, that, together, is, still, too, again, down, rather, at, otherwise, in, else, no, long, before, off, once, especially, away, just, truly, secondly, certainly

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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