bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram frequency
infection control144
financial support123
coronavirus disease122
novel coronavirus110
healthcare workers98
acute respiratory92
hospital epidemiology80
severe acute79
cord uid77
doc id77
epidemiology doi77
respiratory syndrome77
public health64
authors report64
infection prevention64
hand hygiene61
interest relevant59
protective equipment58
world health57
health organization57
personal protective56
social distancing55
provided relevant54
incubation period49
united states45
infectious diseases39
syndrome coronavirus38
chain reaction37
control measures36
nosocomial transmission36
polymerase chain36
chest ct36
tested positive35
healthcare settings35
universal masking34
intensive care31
respiratory symptoms30
antibiotic stewardship30
disease control30
surgical masks29
health care28
patient days26
hospitalized patients26
face masks25
shutdown period25
organization website24
confirmed cases24
difficile infection24
control period22
middle east22
guidelines recommend22
national health22
study period21
clinical characteristics21
antibiotic use21
medical center21
hydrogen peroxide21
community hospitals20
east respiratory20
antimicrobial stewardship20
confirmed covid20
incidence density19
risk factors19
clostridium difficile19
care unit19
positive test18
emergency department18
ddd per18
healthcare system18
hemodialysis patients18
contracting covid18
new york18
pcr testing18
per bd17
systematic review17
asymptomatic patients17
respiratory coronavirus17
south korea16
cabin hospitals16
pcr test16
health commission16
close contact16
coronavirus virus16
face mask15
mechanical ventilation15
severe covid15
among hcws15
asymptomatic cases15
symptom onset14
pcr tests14
hong kong14
healthcare personnel14
infectious disease14
positive patients14
patients admitted14
healthcare facilities14
suspected covid14
review board13
among healthcare13
respiratory infection13
within days13
transmission dynamics13
eye protection13
ari clusters13
healthcare worker13
situation report13
united kingdom13
contact precautions13
filtration efficiency13
dot per13
day day13
disease prevention13
family members13
among patients13
face shields12
temperature screening12
coronavirus pneumonia12
test results12
care workers12
isolation ward12
hcfa cdi12
ipc measures12
institutional review12
hemodialysis center12
clinical features12
per day12
symptomatic patients12
ppe use11
per patient11
computed tomography11
emergency room11
infected pneumonia11
several limitations11
healthcare providers11
nasopharyngeal swabs11
ventilator circuit11
tested negative11
accidental exposure11
disinfection system11
infections among11
york city11
medical masks11
olfactory dysfunction11
ipc guidelines11
throat swabs11
social media11
clostridioides difficile11
blood cultures11
viral shedding11
patients infected11
hospital staff11
universal screening11
medical personnel10
infected patients10
cycle time10
skilled nursing10
outside work10
medical education10
respiratory syncytial10
early phase10
routine care10
response efforts10
turnaround time10
paa room10
care hospital10
natural ventilation10
transcriptase polymerase10
viral load10
ppe training10
positive tests10
syncytial virus10
respiratory viruses10
recent study10
bacteriophage ms9
surgical mask9
quarantine period9
observational study9
confirmed case9
pandemic preparedness9
confirmed coronavirus9
disinfection cycle9
respiratory pathogens9
patient care9
suspected cases9
nursing facility9
asymptomatic covid9
nucleic acid9
first case9
respiratory droplets9
repeat testing9
control recommendations9
positive sars9
structural integrity9
asymptomatic infections9
stearothermophilus spores9
global pandemic9
nasopharyngeal swab9
admitted patients9
team failure9
pregnant women9
mild symptoms9
risk contacts9
integrated model9
supplementary material9
public opinion8
peracetic acid8
antibody testing8
hospital stays8
large numbers8
medical staff8
nosocomial spread8
nosocomial infections8
high risk8
stewardship programs8
adverse effects8
consecutive days8
room disinfection8
hygiene compliance8
previous studies8
website covid8
perform hand8
statistically significant8
health authorities8
travel history8
close contacts8
early detection8
nosocomial covid8
pandemic date8
high probability8
patients without8
negative test8
patient contact8
igg antibodies8
new coronavirus8
hospital admission8
drug administration8
severe cases8
extended use8
cohort study8
ipac measures8
upper respiratory8
cdi cases8
low prevalence7
cruise ship7
performed using7
healthcare systems7
zhejiang province7
hubei province7
screening system7
initial negative7
administration website7
positive blood7
person transmission7
dengue fever7
potentially exposed7
sectional survey7
community hospital7
severe illness7
case report7
respiratory syndromes7
distancing rules7
mean age7
descriptive study7
anal swabs7
interim infection7
patients died7
reverse transcriptase7
cases per7
local transmission7
ill patients7
hand washing7
may also7
familial cluster7
significantly lower7
positive result7
infection among7
week period7
within hours7
cabin beds7
interim guidance7
hospital procedures7
ct findings7
commonly used7
environmental cleaning7
respiratory tract7
prevention measures7
fungal coinfections7
risk perception7
health system7
hospital settings7
pcr result7
surge capacity7
testing capacity7
surveillance program7
respiratory specimens6
systems engineering6
hospital transmission6
star ball6
aerosol deployment6
patients presenting6
infected persons6
infection preventionist6
positive rt6
reverse transcription6
physical distancing6
china covid6
optimal disinfection6
specimen collection6
patients tested6
positive respiratory6
critical care6
er shutdown6
asymptomatic transmission6
pcr results6
support antibiotic6
respiratory pcr6
testing resources6
room hlds6
european centre6
increased risk6
rapidly evolving6
health website6
negative rt6
emergency response6
problematic accidental6
among hcps6
town halls6
asymptomatic persons6
us food6
nosocomial influenza6
sars outbreak6
level disinfection6
social cognition6
preventive measures6
respiratory virus6
remained negative6
health systems6
imported cases6
control website6
diseases society6
care hospitals6
respiratory cultures6
fisher exact6
day quarantine6
chest cts6
occupational health6
positive results6
community transmission6
healthcare facility6
asymptomatic sars6
ct imaging6
negative tests6
days prior6
hospital wards6
large number6
family cluster6
temperature checks6
diseases physician6
masks may6
presymptomatic transmission6
website acknowledgments6
nervous system6
per week6
virus infection6
rural areas6
rp pathogen6
laboratory surveillance6
behavior change6
trend toward6
one study6
central venous6
interquartile range6
wearing face5
disinfection cabinet5
ip team5
public perception5
germicidal irradiation5
sentiment analysis5
protective behaviors5
comprehensive ppe5
ventilated patients5
early days5
important role5
patients may5
care units5
pressure isolation5
ebola virus5
standard deviation5
clinical course5
national university5
rehabilitation treatment5
progressive medicine5
medicine unit5
bedside nurse5
infected patient5
respiratory protection5
presymptomatic sars5
glass opacities5
surface environmental5
infection rates5
policies related5
droplet transmission5
equipment contamination5
range iqr5
health workers5
general medicine5
hemodialysis centers5
coronavirus infection5
virus may5
cdi incidence5
initial positive5
hospital infection5
university hospital5
taste disorder5
engineering control5
clinical suspicion5
confidence interval5
retrospective cohort5
epidemiological investigation5
hcw transmission5
distancing measures5
may occur5
period vs5
median time5
valuable information5
sectional study5
asymptomatic screening5
treatment center5
hcws exposed5
symptomatic patient5
onset healthcare5
hygiene immediately5
droplet precautions5
asymptomatic healthcare5
descriptive statistics5
ct scan5
autonomous motivation5
patient safety5
continuous variables5
patients hospitalized5
nosocomial cdi5
new cases5
antimicrobial resistance5
early transmission5
possible covid5
epidemiological characteristics5
preventive behaviors5
without covid5
dwell phase5
among asymptomatic5
respiratory infections5
pandemic influenza5
may remain5
care facilities5
potential exposure5
average number5
er stays5
bed capacity5
sentiment polarity5
iranian ministry5
icu hcp5
time frame5
seronegative participants5
women admitted5
case detection5
surgical procedures5
airborne infection5
negative sars5
infection preventionists5
academic medical5
total cycle5
higher rate5
thermal imaging5
health facilities5
cross infection5
electronic screening5
critically ill5
content analysis5
electronic medical5
isolation rooms5
viral pneumonia5
single rooms5
respiratory therapists5
confirmed sars5
sore throat5
generating procedures5
filtering facepiece5
np pcr5
diamond princess5
care personnel5
facepiece respirators5
deployment phase5
system elements5
outbreak response5
first weeks5
strap elasticity5
sars coronavirus5
early isolation5
coronavirus pandemic5
key words5
scheduling designs5
tests per5
term care5
mass testing5
received antibiotics5
remain viable5
rapid review5
treated masks5
results may5
median age5
attending physicians5
symptomatic sars5
engineering approach5
healthcare institutions4
will need4
preintervention period4
mild cases4
igg antibody4
inverted classroom4
infection risk4
healthcare professionals4
subsequent result4
equivalent respirators4
community engagement4
hcw knowledge4
planned behavior4
patient population4
data suggest4
adult patients4
nursing home4
house staff4
index physician4
protecting hcws4
cdi prevention4
old man4
medical record4
hospital entrance4
empiric antibiotic4
categorical variables4
antimicrobial use4
mobile negative4
health status4
teaching hospital4
airborne precautions4
air machines4
human metapneumovirus4
evolving epidemiology4
factors influencing4
china clinical4
skin flora4
emergency use4
care center4
even though4
hcw attitudes4
interval ci4
sample size4
employee screening4
current evidence4
carrier transmission4
managing covid4
regarding covid4
hospital workers4
longer quarantine4
hospital day4
predictive value4
retrospective observational4
comprehensive use4
hygiene protocols4
paa disinfection4
chest computed4
current pandemic4
nasal swab4
will continue4
atypical symptoms4
presumed asymptomatic4
may help4
universal mask4
selection bias4
strict hand4
widely used4
many covid4
logistic regression4
cases occurred4
hours apart4
residential rehabilitation4
focused antibiotic4
geriatric unit4
elective hospital4
uk guidelines4
antibody responses4
view supplementary4
cases among4
community spread4
asymptomatic carrier4
data regarding4
compared using4
surveillance system4
acquired covid4
severely ill4
received may4
face coverings4
isolation room4
sas institute4
international guidelines4
nosocomial infection4
limited infection4
gustatory dysfunction4
nursing shifts4
external surface4
tweets related4
days later4
latent period4
exact test4
house sta4
urgently needed4
wear face4
disease patients4
visit https4
congregate living4
princess cruise4
clinical presentations4
epidemiological week4
contact angle4
temporary shelter4
positive pcr4
global outbreak4
protection equipment4
discharged patients4
please visit4
viral loads4
prevention website4
hematology patients4
standard precautions4
us healthcare4
cohort rooms4
potential risk4
pcr nasopharyngeal4
current covid4
another study4
demographic characteristics4
appropriate ppe4
work system4
study also4
control team4
among health4
determination theory4
care professionals4
associated infection4
patients received4
health centers4
los angeles4
wear surgical4
airborne transmission4
treatment cycles4
doffing order4
showed positive4
control practices4
health alert4
commercial swabs4
general care4
outside hubei4
transmission may4
ppe knowledge4
knowledge score4
first test4
viral dynamics4
general population4
time period4
hospital setting4
hcws working4
health organizations4
high level4
use despite4
patients increased4
may need4
infected hcws4
widespread laboratory4
different types4
harmonic analysis4
preparedness among4
vaporized hydrogen4
time pcr4
eye care4
patients requiring4
cases outside4
medical records4
cubic feet4
positive patient4
total number4
case criteria4
quarantine measures4
health ontario4
prolonged incubation4
mechanically ventilated4
rhinovirus enterovirus4
universal sars4
imaging cameras4
coronavirus transmission4
statistical significance4
team members4
surface stability4
taste disorders4
among community4
respiratory illness4
asymptomatic infection4
health england4
staff scheduling4
typical features4
patient mobility4
sick children4
peroxide vapor4
ncov infection4
influenza vaccination4
ventilator circuits4
viral pathogen4
community prevalence4
coronavirus sars4
median duration4
ncov outbreak4
infection rate4
rapid spread4
coronavirus outbreak4
least days4
limb heated4
early stages4
recent travel4
transmission modes4
optimal cycle4
negative results4
appendix online4
cubic meters4
saudi arabia4
significant increase4
preventing covid4
negative result4
human transmission4
asymptomatic pregnant4
hospital preparedness4
active isolation4
patient movement4
health agencies4
significant difference4
pandemic response4
various countries4
incubation periods4
viral outbreaks4
patients wore4
microbiological diagnosis4
respiratory distress4
classroom methodology4
epidemic data4
cardiac arrest4
successfully prevented4
associated infections4
controlled motivation4
data indicate4
urgent hospital4
molecular testing4
stewardship interventions4
wearing surgical4
income countries4
emerging infectious4
pediatric wards4
occupational safety4
ball shield4
pandemic continues3
feasibility study3
unprotected exposure3
us centers3
newly confirmed3
antibiotic exposure3
snf residents3
health emergency3
emergency departments3
klebsiella spp3
washington state3
clinical specimens3
least episode3
french geriatric3
rp pathogens3
use trends3
nasopharyngeal specimens3
coronavirus indicating3
days vs3
will also3
specific igg3
antibiotic days3
despite longer3
environmental factors3
frequently used3
cdc recommends3
clinical outcomes3
situation reports3
related hand3
hcw ari3
nonliving surfaces3
best practices3
publicly reported3
escalating infection3
among hospitalized3
longer er3
boston study3
airborne contagion3
clinical manifestations3
outbreak associated3
direct contact3
planned procedure3
included questions3
patients date3
presymptomatic patients3
infected person3
pilot study3
clinical management3
risk exposures3
novel transportation3
early february3
seasonal influenza3
also reported3
icu admission3
cases reported3
overburdened healthcare3
postviral olfactory3
suspect case3
medical association3
identified among3
hand urticaria3
nonviral infection3
may become3
provided valuable3
respiratory viral3
different tests3
health crisis3
ultraviolet germicidal3
emergency medicine3
control covid3
correct doffing3
control strategies3
viral infections3
conjunctival secretions3
index cases3
first reported3
glove powder3
indeterminate features3
patient acuity3
intubated patients3
may explain3
healthcare services3
community support3
topics ranging3
hcws caring3
pathogen identified3
healthcare centers3
developed symptoms3
tract infection3
surveillance testing3
antibiogram data3
clinical criteria3
poor compliance3
tohuman transmission3
repeated rt3
distress syndrome3
disease prevalence3
workers infected3
spatial separation3
data analysis3
guidelines also3
single room3
positive cases3
ipac precautions3
circuit system3
specific recommendations3
prevent covid3
developed antibodies3
previous year3
study demonstrated3
turnaround times3
heated humidification3
repeat rt3
another potential3
based approach3
consistent detection3
interest related3
difficile infections3
swab test3
temporal dynamics3
airborne particles3
million cases3
also limited3
probable nosocomial3
amoy gardens3
prevent hospital3
protecting healthcare3
discordant results3
screening chest3
host factors3
study describes3
elective procedures3
thoracic radiology3
widespread testing3
previously reported3
antibiotic classes3
considered significant3
consider shielding3
filtering face3
expiratory limb3
nosocomially acquired3
recent survey3
relatively low3
developing countries3
new hospital3
results reflect3
symptom monitoring3
low levels3
board approval3
public sentiment3
reported confirmed3
latent dirichlet3
despite intensive3
website effectiveness3
respirator decontamination3
higher rates3
website world3
significant impact3
patients diagnosed3
per minute3
control response3
contaminated area3
critical shortage3
pandemic planning3
mean polarity3
nosocomial outbreak3
powered air3
case series3
medical campus3
coronavirus covid3
transmission occurs3
low rate3
gas flow3
shoe covers3
metropolitan area3
tidal volume3
community outbreak3
aerosolized peracetic3
daily basis3
positive sentiment3
based hand3
laboratory confirmation3
carlos iii3
secondary infection3
infection isolation3
staff members3
environmental protection3
isolation facilities3
pcr samples3
high rates3
least rp3
venous catheters3
actual probability3
hospital admissions3
reported cases3
living facilities3
help prevent3
large volume3
data capture3
publicly available3
false negative3
supply chain3
within healthcare3
global surveillance3
high levels3
mayo clinic3
human resources3
transmission potential3
using different3
support covid3
glove recontamination3
model parameters3
time reverse3
health administration3
mortality due3
cleaning staff3
medicine rsws3
venous catheter3
available evidence3
subsequent positive3
people per3
full ppe3
air flow3
healthcare network3
specimens positive3
viral spread3
involving antimicrobial3
another challenge3
tracheal intubation3
outer layer3
multidisciplinary infection3
cognition factors3
onset cdi3
study conducted3
resource utilization3
guideline recommends3
wear masks3
underappreciated occupational3
fungal coinfection3
significant concern3
sudden acute3
local epidemic3
hours per3
national institute3
measures implemented3
mask policy3
masks following3
respondents reported3
exposed inpatients3
ct chest3
interval retesting3
medical care3
corona virus3
deployment time3
respiratory panel3
early diagnosis3
individual cases3
recent studies3
environmental contamination3
care settings3
asymptomatic individuals3
national institutes3
much higher3
system provides3
hospital outbreak3
global cases3
transportation capsule3
time decreased3
several days3
english tweets3
adult inpatients3
research network3
objective tweets3
healthcare staff3
clinical symptoms3
patient isolation3
contact transmission3
single patient3
among travellers3
ct scans3
required quarantine3
study cohort3
requiring hospitalization3
times website3
antimicrobial prescribing3
crucial role3
hospital decontamination3
fecal pcr3
azithromycin use3
close proximity3
subsequently developed3
stay home3
patients remained3
study group3
cultures positive3
rapidly scalable3
outside china3
vent phase3
also asked3
coronavirus infections3
care facility3
emergency unit3
daily incidence3
staphylococcus aureus3
scalable solution3
total knowledge3
behavioral control3
following exposure3
prospective cohort3
crisis capacity3
transmitted case3
highest risk3
er among3
analyzed using3
likert scale3
negative bacteria3
respiratory surveillance3
distancing hashtags3
positive signal3
viral aerosols3
wore surgical3
cognition beliefs3
first description3
may increase3
clinical presentation3
pandemic may3
emd extension3
weeks prior3
higher risk3
thermal camera3
false negatives3
cabin hospital3
antibiotic prescribing3
fit testing3
pandemic surge3
source control3
intensive surveillance3
newly diagnosed3
nonpharmaceutical interventions3
pleated hydrophobic3
er without3
perceived behavioral3
asymptomatic contact3
acute care3
manage patients3
statistical analysis3
sars transmission3
crisis management3
testing positive3
based screening3
laboratory medicine3
mental health3
viral respiratory3
illness caused3
developed covid3
disease physicians3
toward increased3
twitter website3
hospitalized inpatients3
facility workers3
care ward3
staff sickness3
korean centers3
study date3
hospital discharge3
naturally ventilated3
correct order3
search terms3
antibody tests3
gold standard3
hospitals reported3
underwent repeat3
prevention programs3
clinical predictors3
medical supplies3
evidence suggests3
capacity strategies3
highest level3
study found3
recommendations regarding3
blood culture3
negative rate3
lessons learned3
instruction phase3
gastrointestinal symptoms3
diagnosed cases3
dwell time3
clinical samples3
ventilated room3
use ppe3
standardized infection3
positive predictive3
american college3
change model3
emergency rooms3
bloodstream infections3
eye hospital3
microbiologically confirmed3
average age3
concern regarding3
topic modeling3
chart review3
high prevalence3
large us3
scrub phase3
salud carlos3
china website3
face shield3
initial test3
symptoms within3
disease caused3
heated ventilator3
nosocomial clostridioides3
intermodal containers3
physician rotations3
occupational hazard3
human infection3
cdi rates3
family caregivers3
protective devices3
epidemiologic risk3
every days3
clusters identified3
administration staff3
npis refer3
specific ppe3
rapid turnaround3
shelter units3
critical role3
trending social3
education website3
rotation length3
patient subsequently3
receptor cells3
cloth face3
electronic data3
respirator use3
patients showed3
generates aerosolized3
common viral3
sas version3
days per3
avoiding recontamination3
spread throughout3
day increased3
acquired pneumonia3
integrated medical3
protective behavior3
accidental sars3
imported case3
home residents3
medical workers3
temperature measurement3
high viral3
confirmed nonviral3
respiratory samples3
decreasing turnaround3
returned positive3
arrest died3
identified asymptomatic3
confirmed positive3
generation cephalosporins3
hap vap3
exhaled particles3
southeast asia3
version software3
ill covid3
asymptomatic positive3
risk areas3
testing yield3
viral transmission3
inpatient wards3
worldwide pandemic3
rapidly changing3
emerging pathogens3
disease transmission3
dirichlet allocation3
risk factor3
np op3
ongoing pandemic3
rapid diagnosis3
difficile spores3
twitter users3
accepted july3
healthcare delivery3
ari cluster3
provide valuable3
ceftriaxone use3
hand recontamination3
hospitalized covid3
median incubation3
social distance3
patient management3
mean length3
rapid dissemination3
purifying respirators3
conducted using3
per square3
hospital antibiotic2
now spread2
scanning electron2
rio hortega2
interquartile ranges2
transmitting sars2
utilization ratio2
external factors2
ongoing risk2
probable bat2
global significance2
house testing2
distance measures2
baseball players2
quality masks2
funding agencies2
test performance2
postviral infection2
diagnostic tests2
larger populations2
results suggest2
air drying2
cluster clinical2
using ppe2
triage procedures2
concurrent bacteremia2
halls occurred2
website iranian2
conservation strategies2
published reports2
ua psi2
positive igg2
renal replacement2
regarding ipc2
safety network2
supporting coping2
attending physician2
antibiotic prescriptions2
performed analysis2
age groups2
staying home2
patients entering2
chinese guideline2
central nervous2
anhua title2
subjectivity scores2
frontline providers2
also required2
mean hourly2
physician among2
internal pressure2
reduce nosocomial2
ophthalmic care2
association nephrology2
fit test2
among discharged2
march monthly2
submicron droplets2
may persist2
care environment2
bed days2
dengue virus2
treatment centre2
membrane oxygenation2
home screening2
highly negative2
tests hours2
global covid2
special attention2
infections occurred2
control respirators2
measures include2
process large2
radiological society2
statistically different2
discharged covid2
day period2
available data2
required ppe2
icu patients2
response level2
isolated patients2
van doremalen2
research electronic2
respiratory secretions2
isolation units2
regression models2
ppe doffing2
hashtag socialdistancing2
angeles healthcare2
drive antibiotic2
prior studies2
workers developed2
early interval2
became infected2
expert consensus2
asymptomatic carriers2
appropriate precautions2
trained cleaning2
also recorded2
doffing ppe2
artificial intelligence2
test room2
illness among2
geobacillus stearothermophilus2
distancing orders2
using convenience2
food insecurity2
hospital resources2
prove valuable2
hcp responded2
superspreading events2
syndromes indistinguishable2
using sas2
reinforcing cleaning2
stewardship team2
different form2
paa submicron2
stool specimen2
nursing staff2
every infected2
ms bacteriophage2
single positive2
retrospective analysis2
simultaneously tested2
inpatient setting2
staggered rotations2
local community2
sustained transmission2
pediatric tertiary2
clinical signs2
sickness surveillance2
compliance rates2
noncontact delivery2
exceeding hours2
obstetric wards2
comparative analysis2
location changes2
increasing numbers2
diarrheal symptoms2
pandemic requires2
remaining patients2
frontline hcps2
recommend surgical2
frequently asked2
prevent transmission2
since march2
treatment duration2
triage process2
city authorities2
old female2
fully covered2
regular handwashing2
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