quadgram

This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

quadgram	frequency
a license to display	132
license to display the	132
granted medrxiv a license	132
medrxiv a license to	132
display the preprint in	132
who has granted medrxiv	132
is the author funder	132
has granted medrxiv a	132
to display the preprint	132
the copyright holder for	130
copyright holder for this	130
it is made available	114
international license it is	114
made available under a	114
is made available under	114
license it is made	114
the preprint in perpetuity	108
holder for this preprint	106
a is the author	98
available under a is	98
under a is the	98
for this preprint this	84
preprint this version posted	84
this preprint this version	84
the number of contacts	60
the average number of	54
this version posted may	52
the total number of	50
certified by peer review	47
was not certified by	47
not certified by peer	47
which was not certified	47
the spread of the	38
in the case of	37
on the other hand	36
the spread of covid	35
average number of contacts	35
in the united states	34
can be used to	34
in the context of	33
as a function of	31
as well as the	30
spread of infectious diseases	30
in the absence of	29
the spread of infectious	28
severe acute respiratory syndrome	28
in the number of	28
of the number of	27
testing and contact tracing	26
at the same time	26
spread of the virus	26
of contact tracing apps	25
this version posted september	24
definition of a close	24
as shown in fig	24
for this this version	24
this this version posted	24
preprint the copyright holder	24
holder for this this	24
to the spread of	24
of the infectious period	23
the definition of a	23
of a close contact	23
the basic reproduction number	22
of digital contact tracing	22
and the number of	22
a large number of	21
contact tracing and isolation	21
the effective reproduction number	21
contacts of leprosy patients	21
number of contacts per	21
the mean number of	20
the physical distancing survey	19
at the time of	19
and duration of contacts	19
number of contacts in	18
total number of contacts	18
over the course of	18
of contact tracing for	17
efficacy of contact tracing	17
on the basis of	17
that the number of	17
a function of the	17
it is possible to	17
the use of a	17
effectiveness of contact tracing	17
isolation and contact tracing	17
is likely to be	16
of the novel coronavirus	16
contact with an infected	16
available under a perpetuity	16
number and duration of	16
of contact tracing and	16
patterns relevant to the	16
relevant to the spread	16
contact tracing in the	16
with the index case	16
contacts and mixing patterns	16
the effective contact rate	16
of contacts in the	16
mixing patterns relevant to	16
social contacts and mixing	15
u s c r	15
a n u s	15
epidemic control with digital	15
has the potential to	15
with digital contact tracing	15
transmission suggests epidemic control	15
the use of the	15
the course of the	15
n u s c	15
of severe acute respiratory	15
the number of infections	15
this version posted july	15
control with digital contact	15
r i p t	15
been in contact with	15
and mixing patterns relevant	15
suggests epidemic control with	15
s c r i	15
of the contact tracing	15
c r i p	15
the end of the	15
m a n u	15
contact tracing is a	14
contact with the index	14
is shown in fig	14
in the physical distancing	14
the beginning of the	14
the number of people	14
the casual contact ring	14
person who is infected	14
the number of samples	14
c e p t	13
a c c e	13
e d m a	13
influenza a h n	13
e p t e	13
c c e p	13
p t e d	13
as shown in figure	13
of cases and contacts	13
the efficacy of contact	13
d m a n	13
in terms of the	13
t e d m	13
the case of a	13
impact of contact tracing	12
in the casual contact	12
the number of infected	12
control of the covid	12
the number of cases	12
the size of the	12
the world health organization	12
as part of the	12
we can see that	12
centers for disease control	12
at the end of	12
the person who is	12
for the spread of	12
that can be used	12
it is important to	12
isolation of cases and	12
the probability of an	12
n a l p	11
number of infected individuals	11
r n a l	11
the duration of the	11
the time of writing	11
the contact tracing system	11
greater risk of infection	11
times greater risk of	11
in contact with a	11
the expected number of	11
the number of secondary	11
the maximum number of	11
number of infected persons	11
a l p r	11
the effectiveness of contact	11
in addition to the	11
o u r n	11
with an infected person	11
the dynamics of the	11
this version posted october	11
j o u r	11
the spread of disease	11
r o o f	11
u r n a	11
for disease control and	11
a small number of	11
the reduction in the	11
middle east respiratory syndrome	11
basic reproduction number r	11
disease control and prevention	11
the effectiveness of the	11
we focus on the	11
the number and duration	11
l p r e	11
p r o o	11
is the number of	11
number of secondary infections	11
the impact of the	10
of contact tracing in	10
on the reproduction number	10
in contact with an	10
preventing the spread of	10
a wide range of	10
contact tracing as a	10
the spread of an	10
when the number of	10
quarantine safety protection app	10
the total duration of	10
outbreaks by isolation of	10
contact tracing has been	10
of contacts per day	10
human activities and health	10
as the number of	10
have been exposed to	10
exposed to the virus	10
the accuracy of the	10
the start of the	10
by isolation of cases	10
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus	10
as a result of	10
come into contact with	10
number of secondary cases	10
as part of a	10
the initial number of	9
feasibility of controlling covid	9
number of contacts and	9
school and casual contacts	9
number of contacts was	9
the results of the	9
the impact of contact	9
control the spread of	9
the age of the	9
transmission and control of	9
would need to be	9
the rest of the	9
have been in contact	9
the number of contact	9
number of contact events	9
spread of the disease	9
the closed trefoil knot	9
who have been in	9
been exposed to the	9
on the use of	9
we assume that the	9
to keep track of	9
may have been exposed	9
the number of daily	9
for infectious disease transmission	9
mean number of contacts	9
fraction of the population	9
contact tracing is effective	9
are shown in fig	9
for the purposes of	9
on the number of	9
the number of individuals	9
the effectiveness of school	9
the probability of transmission	9
number of daily contacts	9
as can be seen	9
of the reproduction number	9
for the development of	9
the number of vaccinations	9
of digital exposure notification	9
the length of the	9
in the baseline survey	9
are assumed to be	9
use of mobile phone	8
in the spread of	8
the identity of the	8
the transmission of covid	8
is one of the	8
the context of the	8
the early stages of	8
of this paper is	8
number of contacts of	8
benefits of contact tracing	8
the fact that the	8
for digital contact tracing	8
patients and staff in	8
the new york times	8
people who have been	8
the magnitude of the	8
the containment of the	8
to the level of	8
section of this paper	8
disease prevention and control	8
of contact tracing applications	8
in the form of	8
number of contacts between	8
prevention and control of	8
the fraction of contacts	8
transmission before symptom onset	8
the received signal strength	8
structure of the population	8
our results show that	8
on the spread of	8
of the index case	8
the absence of any	8
is based on the	8
will depend on the	8
transmission dynamics in wuhan	8
should be locked down	8
the effect of the	8
it is necessary to	8
have come in contact	8
the control of the	8
the index case and	8
use of the app	8
contact tracing for the	8
as shown in table	8
of an infectious disease	8
the mathematical theory of	8
it is clear that	8
come in contact with	8
the development of a	8
not be able to	8
to the number of	8
digital contact tracing solutions	8
in the presence of	8
household contacts of leprosy	8
in this paper we	8
and the probability of	8
case isolation and contact	8
contact tracing is the	8
effectiveness of school closings	7
of manual contact tracing	7
federated states of micronesia	7
the capacity of the	7
the ratio of the	7
by a factor of	7
the course of a	7
human contact network for	7
isolation and quarantine efficacy	7
tracing for the containment	7
of contact tracing as	7
both in terms of	7
containment of the novel	7
network for infectious disease	7
to the use of	7
the percentage reduction in	7
contact tracing apps can	7
of the registered users	7
a systematic review of	7
for the containment of	7
they have been in	7
guidelines for the diagnosis	7
detected in the community	7
contact network for infectious	7
early diagnosis of covid	7
a reduction in the	7
the value of the	7
to the mathematical theory	7
in the early stages	7
in the close contact	7
spread of the infection	7
who may have been	7
when contact tracing is	7
spread of an infectious	7
of human activities and	7
the use of bluetooth	7
came into contact with	7
mathematical theory of epidemics	7
the probability of infection	7
the index case in	7
have been in close	7
during the study period	7
to control the spread	7
in close contact with	7
the results of this	7
early transmission dynamics in	7
for each of the	7
need to be traced	7
of the basic reproduction	7
the social contact survey	7
contact tracing for covid	7
proximity to each other	7
had contact with the	7
the incubation period of	7
a reproduction number of	7
with the number of	7
the secondary attack rate	7
contact with a person	7
of contact tracing is	7
in close proximity to	7
reduction in the number	7
average number of secondary	7
the onset of symptoms	7
definition of a contact	7
beginning of the pandemic	7
publicly reported confirmed cases	7
number of people infected	7
when a person is	7
for contact tracing to	7
the use of contact	7
to control the epidemic	7
number of initial cases	7
of the epidemic threshold	7
the contact trace data	7
fraction of symptomatic cases	7
which was not peer	7
effective reproduction number r	7
digital contact tracing is	7
the probability that a	7
visited by the user	7
can be used for	7
from publicly reported confirmed	7
on the effectiveness of	7
are based on the	7
epidemic prevention and control	7
in the event of	7
the location of the	7
the probability of being	7
distribution of the number	7
of contacts between individuals	7
of physical distancing measures	7
contact tracing can be	7
reduce the number of	7
are more likely to	7
specific social mixing matrices	7
day of the infectious	7
are likely to be	6
manual contact tracing is	6
are shown in table	6
when it comes to	6
no reuse allowed without	6
contact with an infectious	6
countries using contact surveys	6
a systematic review and	6
of the system is	6
to the fact that	6
social contact matrices in	6
mixing matrices from the	6
in the main text	6
prevent the spread of	6
we find that the	6
locations visited by the	6
incubation period of coronavirus	6
understand the impact of	6
the number of social	6
that there is a	6
of the population is	6
the impact of control	6
systematic review and meta	6
as a control measure	6
treatment and prevention of	6
reducing transmission of sars	6
impact of control measures	6
a digital contact tracing	6
in the general population	6
samples observed by the	6
people who are infected	6
information of the users	6
and their household contacts	6
that they have no	6
most likely to be	6
in the near future	6
put a surgical mask	6
for disease prevention and	6
the open trefoil knot	6
as a consequence of	6
infections prevented per vaccination	6
tens of thousands of	6
it is imperative to	6
the contact patterns of	6
in countries using contact	6
at the individual level	6
distancing on reducing transmission	6
to reduce the spread	6
tracing as a control	6
the combined effect of	6
since the beginning of	6
is to reduce the	6
physical distancing on reducing	6
the privacy of the	6
the authors declare that	6
in order to determine	6
and the effect of	6
to understand the impact	6
reuse allowed without permission	6
the potential impact of	6
have been used to	6
can be used in	6
in the face of	6
it is difficult to	6
an important role in	6
in the population and	6
distributed random variable with	6
the social distancing score	6
the republic of korea	6
number of contacts reported	6
in the next section	6
it is possible that	6
can be computed as	6
symptomatic cases that are	6
contact matrices in countries	6
is not possible to	6
for the use of	6
duration of these contacts	6
in our data set	6
contact sensing platform for	6
is organized as follows	6
to identify people who	6
tracing and physical distancing	6
period of coronavirus disease	6
on the role of	6
of symptomatic cases that	6
number of samples observed	6
using contact surveys and	6
the registered users in	6
diagnosed with an infectious	6
contacts in the community	6
and physical distancing on	6
average number of daily	6
contacts that are successfully	6
our proposed p ct	6
c i s u	6
digital contact tracing systems	6
shows the fraction of	6
the ideal closed trefoil	6
of the effectiveness of	6
the distance between the	6
that need to be	6
exposure to the virus	6
contact lens wear and	6
referred to as the	6
the bbc pandemic project	6
is determined by the	6
of individuals in the	6
model the spread of	6
and control of covid	6
more likely to be	6
proximity to the infected	6
in the contact tracing	6
in order to identify	6
public health management of	6
the initial phase of	6
and for how long	6
in section of this	6
contact tracing and physical	6
of the transmission rate	6
registered users in the	6
of the contact network	6
study was conducted in	6
probability of an epidemic	6
on reducing transmission of	6
and prevention of leprosy	6
this version posted april	6
it is recommended to	6
novel coronavirus in the	6
are not included in	6
of samples observed by	6
contact with the infected	6
concerns about privacy infringement	6
were more likely to	6
the distribution of the	6
impact of social distancing	6
is due to the	6
the contact tracing process	6
number of reported contacts	6
before the onset of	6
can see that the	6
the structure of the	6
exposed to the disease	6
contact surveys and demographic	6
shows the number of	6
the early diagnosis of	6
developed a dashboard to	6
the value of r	6
an unsupervised machine learning	6
the impact of physical	6
and the duration of	6
infectious diseases of humans	6
the probability of achieving	6
a false sense of	6
the spread of infection	6
to contain the epidemic	6
the time of the	6
work and casual contacts	6
observed by the smartwatch	6
was supported by the	6
the duration of contact	6
probability of achieving control	6
with an infectious disease	6
in the control of	6
the case of covid	6
matrices in countries using	6
between symptom onset and	6
have come into contact	6
to the general population	6
projecting social contact matrices	6
the context of covid	6
the rate at which	6
study the effect of	6
of those who have	6
of infectious diseases and	6
total number of cases	6
number of social contacts	6
use of a mobile	6
and digital contact tracing	6
it is essential to	6
contacts within the home	6
index case in a	6
by the number of	6
of the collected data	6
and shortness of breath	6
declare that they have	6
a positive test result	6
monitoring of human activities	6
use of contact tracing	6
in the united kingdom	6
to reduce the number	6
the fraction of symptomatic	6
the effective number of	6
number of vaccinations performed	6
reduce the spread of	6
authors declare that they	6
surveys and demographic data	6
the city of kolkata	6
of the republic of	5
the impact of different	5
changes in contact patterns	5
the dominant eigenvalue of	5
in rt in the	5
in the development of	5
between healthcare workers and	5
of reduction in transmission	5
to gloves and gown	5
vertical axis shows the	5
for the slum population	5
healthcare workers and patients	5
impact of physical distance	5
the explicit list of	5
were referred for testing	5
among patients and staff	5
number of infections and	5
a surgical mask on	5
a contact tracing application	5
distance measures on the	5
the presence of a	5
cases that are detected	5
was approved by the	5
contacts in the population	5
this kind of approach	5
lens wear during the	5
in the same location	5
means clustering algorithm is	5
whether or not they	5
node corresponds to one	5
preserving contact tracing system	5
hygiene and infection control	5
contact tracing to be	5
of social contact surveys	5
contact tracing and the	5
department of health and	5
of the population using	5
mobile phone apps in	5
of thousands of users	5
we believe that the	5
for the purpose of	5
phone apps in the	5
rates of illness and	5
models of contact tracing	5
this approach is not	5
can be used as	5
with the infected person	5
and other personnel use	5
list of time intervals	5
the centerline of the	5
the epidemic threshold is	5
cap in addition to	5
each node corresponds to	5
should be able to	5
of the population in	5
on the transmission of	5
case in a medical	5
and has an attribute	5
infection control for hospitals	5
initial number of infected	5
the risk of infection	5
initial number of cases	5
refers to the level	5
the number of initial	5
per day in the	5
digital contact tracing app	5
digital exposure notification and	5
is the fraction of	5
it is not possible	5
highlights the need to	5
the government of the	5
for epidemic prevention and	5
in addition to gloves	5
the entropic cost of	5
contacts of patients with	5
the transmission and control	5
a key role in	5
number of contacts that	5
the age and gender	5
patterns of the population	5
ill persons and their	5
the probability that the	5
a close contact can	5
contact network for day	5
gloves and gown overall	5
in an attempt to	5
controlling the spread of	5
in this paper is	5
the lancet public health	5
initial phase of the	5
the contact tracing app	5
contact tracing apps in	5
tracing in emerging epidemics	5
percentage reduction in rt	5
the number of locations	5
of the current study	5
visor and cap in	5
distribution of the population	5
corresponds to one rfid	5
social mixing on outcomes	5
and health code app	5
contact tracing and vaccination	5
strategies to reduce social	5
the purpose of the	5
paper is organized as	5
contact tracing apps and	5
mixing on outcomes of	5
social contact surveys to	5
having had contact with	5
rfid tag and has	5
than hours of contact	5
the process of identifying	5
the reproduction number is	5
number of locations visited	5
physical distance measures on	5
the validity of the	5
digital contact tracing applications	5
hospital beds in sydney	5
by as much as	5
of the population and	5
use of digital contact	5
social mixing matrices from	5
contact surveys to inform	5
the focus of the	5
digital contact tracing apps	5
beds will be used	5
of contacts per participant	5
individuals were in contact	5
from onset to isolation	5
each edge has attributes	5
may have come in	5
the number of users	5
of illness and death	5
with an average of	5
the data collected by	5
value of the epidemic	5
of the virus in	5
the numbers of contacts	5
have the potential to	5
age and gender of	5
the impact of social	5
of the general population	5
this is due to	5
contact screening and sdr	5
contact events between the	5
of the average number	5
to account for the	5
of our study is	5
transmission and contact tracing	5
the household size distribution	5
the behavior of the	5
the extent to which	5
addition to gloves and	5
of the bluetooth le	5
to the ground truth	5
from symptom onset to	5
surveys to inform transmission	5
contact tracing is not	5
surgical mask on the	5
purpose of contact tracing	5
be used to identify	5
mask on the patient	5
of the spread of	5
is diagnosed with an	5
is the process of	5
level of reduction in	5
and cap in addition	5
slow the spread of	5
to inform transmission models	5
bluetooth low energy is	5
government of the republic	5
between the corresponding rfid	5
in the first scenario	5
the level of reduction	5
in response to the	5
the dynamic contact network	5
to reduce social mixing	5
is shown in figure	5
indicates the role of	5
of the effect of	5
the transmission rate of	5
the role of the	5
and the distribution of	5
and infection control for	5
reduction in rt in	5
for ebola virus disease	5
quantifying the impact of	5
tracing is a well	5
number of participants in	5
are detected in the	5
if they have been	5
were in contact with	5
number of contacts from	5
that the area should	5
a limited number of	5
the reproduction number for	5
horizontal axis shows the	5
of a contact is	5
the mean outbreak size	5
should be noted that	5
the disease control authority	5
household size distribution for	5
in the transmission and	5
time intervals during which	5
would like to thank	5
the number of persons	5
effect of digital exposure	5
tracing and isolation of	5
of physical distance measures	5
tracing scenario relative to	5
contact patterns in a	5
the effective reproductive number	5
the cumulative number of	5
symptom onset and isolation	5
the effectiveness of this	5
in the sense that	5
the basis of the	5
physical distancing measures could	5
who have come into	5
take into account the	5
to contain an outbreak	5
one rfid tag and	5
in hygiene and infection	5
which the individuals were	5
effect of control strategies	5
the need to understand	5
and the use of	5
distance between any two	5
the risk of an	5
total duration of these	5
in contact with the	5
of the application and	5
from the literature review	5
to stay at home	5
isolation of symptomatic cases	5
to one rfid tag	5
apps in the control	5
a person is diagnosed	5
contacts need to be	5
that are successfully traced	5
control strategies to reduce	5
measures on the transmission	5
of contacts with other	5
the use of mobile	5
total number of infections	5
transmission probability per contact	5
it should be noted	5
can be found in	5
of contact tracing strategies	5
inform transmission models of	5
our findings suggest that	5
the early stage of	5
effect of a vaccination	5
data from the uk	5
can serve as a	5
effectiveness of the intervention	5
are in proximity to	5
with the exception of	5
the horizontal axis shows	5
the early phase of	5
meet the definition of	5
effects in the transmission	5
not included in the	5
will not be an	5
the corresponding rfid tags	5
by the digital system	5
to a central server	5
of the total number	5
contacts of confirmed cases	5
with the goal of	5
the individuals were in	5
review of social contact	5
number of contacts for	5
on the size of	5
early phase of the	5
tracing in the context	5
contact tracing in emerging	5
of the effects of	5
matrices from the bbc	5
if there is a	5
on outcomes of the	5
we developed a smartphone	5
the severe acute respiratory	5
is related to the	5
likely to be a	5
of the infected person	5
more than hours of	5
the individual wearing the	5
axis shows the fraction	5
large number of contacts	5
that the use of	5
role of the individual	5
of the individual wearing	5
transmission of the disease	5
events between the corresponding	5
of social distancing measures	5
to prevent the spread	5
outcomes of the covid	5
than average number of	5
that are detected in	5
handbook in hygiene and	5
in the effectiveness of	5
as well as a	5
epidemic in the uk	5
contact tracing scenario relative	5
from the bbc pandemic	5
in a pediatric ward	5
people who may have	5
fraction of contacts that	5
of control strategies to	5
persons and their household	5
the traditional contact tracing	5
to seek medical advice	5
of time intervals during	5
in a medical institution	5
contacts of individuals with	5
scenario relative to rt	5
this comes at a	5
number of weekly cases	5
of the gcg app	5
for the early diagnosis	5
the effect of control	5
individual wearing the tag	5
of an epidemic outbreak	5
comes at a high	5
during which the individuals	5
in order to be	5
and put a surgical	5
reduce social mixing on	5
probability of being traced	5
of contact events between	5
countries around the world	5
findings of this study	5
that indicates the role	5
as the index case	5
the time to diagnosis	5
at the beginning of	5
the vertical axis shows	5
contact tracing system is	5
this is the first	5
the probability that an	5
systematic review of social	5
explicit list of time	5
intervals during which the	5
tag and has an	5
dependent effects in the	5
the sum of the	5
design and implementation of	5
the age mixing patterns	5
of mobile phone apps	4
recent estimates for covid	4
the distribution of secondary	4
during the initial phase	4
social contact data to	4
a decrease in the	4
we see that the	4
protective effect of bcg	4
number of marginal infections	4
remains neutral with regard	4
need to understand the	4
a group of people	4
in order to prevent	4
the number of such	4
changes in contact rates	4
exposed persons are registered	4
and management of contact	4
who had contact with	4
developing a ml dl	4
the absence of a	4
contact tracing and disease	4
tracing for ebola virus	4
that it is possible	4
introduction of a new	4
the behaviour of the	4
individual variation on disease	4
a crucial role in	4
who were in contact	4
the strength of the	4
the difference between the	4
be used as a	4
with a median of	4
used to predict the	4
a high probability of	4
claims in published maps	4
the novel coronavirus sars	4
there are a number	4
measure the effectiveness of	4
published maps and institutional	4
shape the dynamics of	4
staff and other personnel	4
the reference value of	4
the value of being	4
in the uk in	4
the contact tracing scenario	4
of health and human	4
and the total number	4
rim of the contact	4
agents in a population	4
municipal infection control doctor	4
influenza pandemic in southeast	4
alone is unlikely to	4
within days after arrival	4
primary and secondary contacts	4
recursive tracing of second	4
reproduction number for covid	4
such as social distancing	4
presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission	4
has been exposed to	4
trace the contacts for	4
the magnetic field strength	4
into close physical contact	4
value of being in	4
as one would expect	4
data in order to	4
and widely trace the	4
was found to be	4
users of contact tracing	4
the first index case	4
offline and online questionnaires	4
a member of group	4
and contact tracing to	4
and effective contact tracing	4
during the infectious period	4
nature remains neutral with	4
contact tracing strategies for	4
in new york city	4
in contacts of patients	4
is assumed to be	4
transmission models of close	4
also be noted that	4
wear during the pandemic	4
the proportion of transmission	4
than in cases will	4
and mixing patterns with	4
list of individuals in	4
the number of deaths	4
effects of school closings	4
affected by the prevalence	4
the model can be	4
pandemic influenza in the	4
carrier transmission of covid	4
the ability of the	4
to better understand the	4
of the disease in	4
compliance during the covid	4
is the probability of	4
a number of important	4
tracing has the potential	4
be locked down or	4
study was approved by	4
contain the spread of	4
of the total population	4
together with the municipal	4
doctor is notified and	4
in the second scenario	4
for developing a ml	4
personal privacy in an	4
measurements of the registered	4
members of the population	4
to control the pandemic	4
in published maps and	4
epidemiological parameters and epidemic	4
contact network of the	4
the rest of this	4
logistical burden with an	4
purposes of contact tracing	4
neutral with regard to	4
a large impact on	4
all age groups are	4
to individuals they are	4
to perform contact tracing	4
the peak number of	4
increases the risk of	4
an estimate of the	4
index case returns a	4
the effect of interventions	4
not depend on the	4
centre for disease prevention	4
by the fact that	4
the performance of the	4
ambulance staff and other	4
maximum number of weekly	4
global partnership for zero	4
vicinity and notifying contacts	4
domain of the spike	4
and can be used	4
a digital tracing system	4
electronic contact tracing solutions	4
demographic structure of the	4
in the federated states	4
to research hypothesis h	4
tested positive for covid	4
to manual contact tracing	4
taking recent estimates for	4
of contacts over a	4
ribose phosphatase domain of	4
distance measurements of the	4
the following are the	4
benefits of the app	4
when they are in	4
individuals they are in	4
contacts or officials of	4
a power law distribution	4
i am concerned about	4
results are shown in	4
that the average number	4
how lockdown mass quarantine	4
the close contact ring	4
assessing disease exposure risk	4
vaccination coverage in the	4
in the design of	4
two columns show results	4
as many secondary infections	4
secondary attack rate w	4
may be more likely	4
predict that the area	4
identify people who are	4
ml dl model to	4
the probability of elimination	4
manual and digital contact	4
of ct apps is	4
a a a a	4
algorithm is used to	4
contact tracing apps to	4
is infected with covid	4
best of our knowledge	4
a list of individuals	4
the post lockdown period	4
between different age groups	4
the main difference between	4
spread of the epidemic	4
use of sensitive personal	4
in contact patterns shape	4
and health authorities to	4
mobile applications and the	4
superspreading and the effect	4
many secondary infections as	4
the length of time	4
a high rate of	4
propose the use of	4
is unlikely to be	4
are a number of	4
one of the first	4
personnel use the contact	4
of electronic contact tracing	4
public health response to	4
coupled to predictive models	4
in the longer term	4
officials of confirmed covid	4
and in some cases	4
the initial reproductive ratio	4
to an infected individual	4
of the user and	4
tracing strategies for covid	4
the need for a	4
contact tracing has the	4
encounters in a pediatric	4
the cost of the	4
the burden of tracing	4
the range of possible	4
contact patterns shape the	4
the primary and secondary	4
those who had contact	4
the impact of covid	4
or officials of confirmed	4
to jurisdictional claims in	4
to model the spread	4
contact tracing of a	4
offers an opportunity to	4
physical closed trefoil knot	4
of the effective contact	4
a us school setting	4
early estimation of epidemiological	4
the details of the	4
that may go untraced	4
and hence tackling the	4
should be shared with	4
contact tracing among flight	4
the distance between any	4
will need to be	4
contact can reduce this	4
dashboard to provide a	4
a risk factor for	4
lockdown mass quarantine can	4
contact tracing in a	4
the average secondary infections	4
informal settlements around nairobi	4
in a us school	4
effective number of contacts	4
mass quarantine can be	4
of secondary cases that	4
contacts per day in	4
of people who have	4
governments around the world	4
as soon as possible	4
delay from onset to	4
users of the system	4
a period of time	4
with the index patient	4
notifying contacts or officials	4
will generate any subsequent	4
into contact with an	4
a critical mass of	4
case returns a positive	4
have had close contact	4
tests positive of covid	4
have not been diagnosed	4
be used by the	4
person is diagnosed with	4
in the polymod study	4
isolation or quarantine period	4
of the population are	4
in proximity to each	4
control doctor is notified	4
the findings of this	4
contact was defined as	4
missed by contact tracing	4
we would like to	4
contact patterns in the	4
it comes to the	4
with regard to the	4
incidental contacts that the	4
day of the week	4
around the world have	4
participants were asked to	4
we assumed that of	4
of instantaneous contact tracing	4
tracing apps can be	4
that are not traced	4
are in the proximity	4
mortality and healthcare demand	4
occurred before symptom onset	4
and is responsible for	4
generate any subsequent untraced	4
management of contact tracing	4
an average of individuals	4
in the average number	4
the contacts for confirmed	4
approach is not only	4
dominant eigenvalue of the	4
negative binomial distribution with	4
implementation and management of	4
to control an outbreak	4
relevant for the spread	4
we developed a dashboard	4
who is infected and	4
the federated states of	4
van de kassteele et	4
for the united states	4
the app in the	4
of the virus to	4
course of the epidemic	4
are approaching to each	4
the novel coronavirus disease	4
we also developed a	4
they are located in	4
of his or her	4
the effects of contact	4
is the lack of	4
as a proxy for	4
with an infectious individual	4
phase of the pandemic	4
a ml dl model	4
a high level of	4
at all levels of	4
received signal strength indicator	4
largest eigenvalue of the	4
of the contact surface	4
parameters and epidemic predictions	4
have been identified as	4
individuals in the vicinity	4
close contact can reduce	4
reducing the number of	4
we therefore consider the	4
privacy in an epidemic	4
number of infections prevented	4
was shown to be	4
the time needed to	4
a basic reproduction number	4
asymptomatic carrier transmission of	4
the folding initiation events	4
secondary infections as undetected	4
hours of contact is	4
more than half of	4
contacts will be identifiable	4
the university of iowa	4
hence tackling the economic	4
heart rate and breathing	4
rest of this paper	4
based on the assumption	4
in the inner segments	4
contact tracing and other	4
be used in the	4
performance and security monitoring	4
high logistical burden with	4
on the effect of	4
at a high logistical	4
digital contact tracing and	4
are unlikely to be	4
proximity and mixing patterns	4
contact tracing for ebola	4
effective contact tracing is	4
but also tracks the	4
sensing for contact tracing	4
and public health authorities	4
is not only providing	4
patterns shape the dynamics	4
in cases will generate	4
can be recognized by	4
focus of this paper	4
if the probability of	4
can reduce this burden	4
we predict that of	4
close physical contact with	4
to an infected person	4
number of index cases	4
of the infection rate	4
and distance measurements of	4
report the number of	4
for the first time	4
automatically and widely trace	4
tracing and disease control	4
other personnel use the	4
as an unsupervised machine	4
of the fact that	4
contact tracing of covid	4
hospital and icu beds	4
transmission potential of smallpox	4
c i x u	4
of the magnetic field	4
transmission of influenza a	4
durations of contacts between	4
duration of the infectious	4
the majority of the	4
those who may have	4
municipal emergency response group	4
the incidental contacts that	4
protective effect against leprosy	4
maps and institutional affiliations	4
had close contact with	4
the number of infectious	4
the hazard function for	4
the proximity to the	4
as much as possible	4
cases will generate any	4
tracing is effective but	4
partnership for zero leprosy	4
city of new york	4
binding domain of the	4
mixing patterns of the	4
resolution human contact network	4
of the spike protein	4
of influenza a h	4
medrxiv preprint figure s	4
for a period of	4
disease exposure risk with	4
to automatically and widely	4
had brief contact with	4
number of contacts during	4
of the closed trefoil	4
the size of an	4
contact of longer than	4
detailed survey information on	4
in the vicinity and	4
data on contacts between	4
associated with contact lens	4
tracing approach creates a	4
a protective effect of	4
of infections in the	4
reported number of contacts	4
of ebola virus disease	4
of the epidemic in	4
period of the model	4
contact tracing apps are	4
to the reproduction number	4
of contact tracing are	4
duration of the contact	4
european centre for disease	4
in the proximity to	4
the municipal emergency response	4
safe contact lens wear	4
symptom onset to isolation	4
a large fraction of	4
positives and false negatives	4
as well as to	4
in the present work	4
outside the hospital together	4
contacts that are traced	4
brief contact with the	4
the best of our	4
lens wear and care	4
in line with the	4
the reduction of contacts	4
discussed in section of	4
close contacts of patients	4
pandemic in southeast asia	4
on the percentage of	4
approach to automatically and	4
produce as many secondary	4
providing awareness to individuals	4
the fact that it	4
of longer than hour	4
for contact tracing of	4
in order to enable	4
but with increased risk	4
tracing among flight passengers	4
they are in the	4
the disease has been	4
contacts for confirmed covid	4
the probability of diagnosis	4
we assume that all	4
regard to jurisdictional claims	4
is smaller than the	4
no conflict of interest	4
tracing and exposure notification	4
response to the covid	4
also tracks the incidental	4
effects of contact tracing	4
the close contact and	4
receptor binding domain of	4
a high logistical burden	4
at least one secondary	4
who may have come	4
to share their data	4
through the use of	4
false positives and false	4
not only providing awareness	4
estimation of epidemiological parameters	4
level of contact tracing	4
role of contact tracing	4
in a high school	4
de kassteele et al	4
probability of infection and	4
duration of contacts with	4
the peak of the	4
tracing is the process	4
the reduction of the	4
on the assumption that	4
close encounters in a	4
install and register the	4
with regard to jurisdictional	4
who have not been	4
although this comes at	4
infections as undetected infections	4
required for contact tracing	4
share their location trail	4
the effect of network	4
the hospital together with	4
of the smartphone magnetometer	4
age structure of the	4
one of the biggest	4
data collected from the	4
the vicinity and notifying	4
one of the most	4
would be expected to	4
patterns with wearable sensors	4
a dashboard to provide	4
h n flu in	4
the number of days	4
information on social encounters	4
current physical distancing measures	4
a digital exposure notification	4
the number of features	4
marginal infections created by	4
distribution of secondary cases	4
the rates of illness	4
to provide a plan	4
context of the covid	4
in the previous section	4
rather than replace it	4
to detect the proximity	4
average number of people	4
infections created by agent	4
number of new infections	4
over a day period	4
stopping the spread of	4
has been used to	4
from one day to	4
the smartphone magnetometer traces	4
to the best of	4
economic and food security	4
the centers for disease	4
health and human services	4
of infections prevented per	4
with the use of	4
if the number of	4
authors would like to	4
the event of a	4
secondary cases that may	4
were in the same	4
in the previous days	4
on the basic reproduction	4
dynamics of the covid	4
the first reported case	4
position information of the	4
mixing patterns with wearable	4
of the app in	4
in the first year	4
to the public database	4
the scale of the	4
sensing platform for the	4
the hospital worker groups	4
and contact tracing for	4
with the municipal emergency	4
to the development of	4
transmission of the virus	4
to achieve this goal	4
about the possibility of	4
of transmission before onset	4
on passive wifi sensing	4
in reducing the risk	4
contact in the past	4
ml and dl algorithms	4
the purposes of contact	4
transition to an epidemic	4
end of the infectious	4
of an index case	4
the ability to identify	4
hospital together with the	4
the virus that causes	4
exposure risk with location	4
delay between symptom onset	4
risk of untraced cases	4
individuals who have been	4
and the proportion of	4
tackling the economic crisis	4
the effect of contact	4
contact distribution of the	4
burden with an average	4
delay from symptom onset	4
conversational and physical contacts	4
the effect of individual	4
can be safely lifted	4
on a global scale	4
all over the world	4
the probability of extinction	4
provide a plan for	4
probability of an individual	4
were found to be	4
protect the privacy of	4
such as the ones	4
exposure to an infected	4
to the effective contact	4
of middle east respiratory	4
is notified and is	4
the largest eigenvalue of	4
a confidential computing backend	4
the infection would be	4
were asked to report	4
increased risk of untraced	4
the average and marginal	4
role of social deprivation	4
of a mobile phone	4
the role of social	4
containing the spread of	4
those who have been	4
up outside the hospital	4
to take into account	4
and notifying contacts or	4
a significant contribution to	4
that contact tracing is	4
on how lockdown mass	4
to the entire population	4
might be reduced by	4
notified and is responsible	4
creates a list of	4
the spreading of the	4
in an effort to	4
from the uk to	4
results of prem et	4
as part of their	4
maintaining personal privacy in	4
less than in cases	4
the onset of the	4
that it does not	4
variability in the number	4
approaching to each other	4
close proximity to the	4
with contact lens wear	4
created by agent j	4
to the virus and	4
number of individuals that	4
eigenvalue of the contact	4
only providing awareness to	4
an average of contacts	4
that the total number	4
virus that causes covid	4
of prem et al	4
to the definition of	4
the demographic structure of	4
between nurs and pats	4
the likely efficacy of	4
locked down or not	4
is responsible for reporting	4
of contact screening and	4
the spread of this	4
the impact of school	4
to be traced and	4
the bluetooth le protocol	4
a low probability of	4
of contacts per person	4
of the current pandemic	4
least one secondary case	4
contact patterns of the	4
as we slide the	4
the study was approved	4
challenge appraisal of the	4
the product of the	4
with increased risk of	4
awareness to individuals they	4
cases that may go	4
tracks the incidental contacts	4
a bernoulli distributed random	4
a completely susceptible population	4
variation on disease emergence	4
conceptualization of this study	4
changes to the definition	4
this paper is to	4
survey information on social	4
to pass on the	4
investigate the likely efficacy	4
can be identified and	4
to look at the	4
have been visited by	4
using passive wifi sensing	4
effect of individual variation	4
jurisdictional claims in published	4
in the long term	4
quarantine can be safely	4
are most likely to	4
which have been visited	4
the disclosure of the	4
predicted to have a	4
to prevent them from	4
to download and use	4
the contact network of	4
to slow down the	4
returns a positive test	4
distancing measures could be	4
the rim of the	4
to the infected area	4
to the rest of	4
a randomized controlled trial	4
of individual variation on	4
as the proportion of	4
number of community contacts	4
to facilitate contact tracing	4
proportion of the population	4
a mobile phone app	4
springer nature remains neutral	4
area should be locked	4
carrier might not recall	4
infection control doctor is	4
the experimental and fem	4
the chain of transmission	4
a at time t	4
widely trace the contacts	4
approach to contact tracing	4
was conducted in the	4
in the process of	4
the index case returns	4
as compared to the	4
individual in age group	4
an individual in age	4
the number of co	4
the area should be	4
likely to be infected	4
the authors would like	4
social distancing measures are	4
to a number of	4
with a very high	4
of epidemiological parameters and	4
it is estimated that	4
both false positives and	4
who is infected with	4
is described by the	4
in order to simulate	4
contacts that the covid	4
the contact tracing apps	4
approach creates a list	4
the effects of school	4
that the effect of	4
a high number of	4
in a way that	4
in our previous study	4
bernoulli distributed random variable	4
the time it takes	4
contact tracing must be	3
the rapid spread of	3
number of individuals infected	3
an important role to	3
healthcare workers at the	3
in all age groups	3
than healthcare providers or	3
were not included in	3
different classes of individuals	3
the population into different	3
the number of participants	3
in viral shedding and	3
wireless platform is proposed	3
compared to those who	3
must be collected from	3
consent to share their	3
to download the application	3
has emerged as a	3
effectiveness of school closures	3
immediately on symptom onset	3
is much lower than	3
is used for the	3
compute the distribution of	3
transparency of and support	3
varying the transmission rate	3
and health during the	3
effect of contact tracing	3
in the cases of	3
by day of the	3
of the branching process	3
physical chemistry b pubs	3
consistent with a power	3
and the lack of	3
tracing to contain the	3
of any control measures	3
start of the epidemic	3
number of patient contacts	3
index case and secondary	3
tracing for containment of	3
in view of the	3
phase of the epidemic	3
in other hospital areas	3
the study was conducted	3
improve the classification performance	3
in a closed loop	3
reasonable to assume that	3
to be infected and	3
to be the case	3
contact tracing application website	3
on containing the spread	3
number and type of	3
and the demand side	3
infections may be increasing	3
as far as the	3
synthesis and modelling study	3
contact tracing system should	3
an infectious disease in	3
absence of any control	3
in order to allow	3
the baseline rate of	3
it is crucial to	3
from the number of	3
adoption and response rates	3
expected number of secondary	3
i k j p	3
et al found that	3
the new case detection	3
those who have the	3
person is removed due	3
other in respective rows	3
contacts in the ed	3
of the mobile phone	3
the one with the	3
proposed here can have	3
to be at risk	3
dined with the index	3
with testing and contact	3
the assumption that the	3
basis of the existing	3
impacts on economic and	3
the marginal effect of	3
is an important step	3
at far less computational	3
also been used to	3
we estimated there are	3
in the city of	3
be included in the	3
our results suggest that	3
the model with all	3
very high levels of	3
play a key role	3
size distribution for the	3
risk assessment guidelines for	3
social contact hours are	3
smallpox in contemporary populations	3
contacts in our data	3
on a large scale	3
keep track of the	3
cumulative number of infections	3
has the effect of	3
by a clinician or	3
of contact tracing by	3
folding initiation events of	3
of a potential exposure	3
an evidence synthesis and	3
number of infectious individuals	3
of the model is	3
participants in age group	3
the development of the	3
the effectiveness of these	3
diseases transmitted on aircraft	3
lens compliance during the	3
of contact tracing app	3
should be viewed as	3
of public health workers	3
close to each other	3
contacts needed to be	3
in preventing the spread	3
from country to country	3
control measures are not	3
to participate in contact	3
this is a key	3
had dined with the	3
a smartphone enabled approach	3
for containing an emerging	3
reduction in contacts for	3
in the european union	3
the privacy and security	3
the prevention of leprosy	3
values of the initial	3
of the scale would	3
infectious diseases in hospitals	3
individual in the population	3
digital exposure notification app	3
for the detection of	3
of the influenza pandemic	3
monitoring of contacts is	3
based on qr codes	3
for a given disease	3
pandemic a h n	3
a highresolution human contact	3
coverage in the casual	3
the average incubation time	3
sensitivity and specificity of	3
this is based on	3
of asymptomatic close contacts	3
important to note that	3
who were in proximity	3
and staff in a	3
by the institute human	3
model to quantify the	3
if the transmission rate	3
the effectiveness of sdr	3
from our social encounter	3
acute respiratory syndrome and	3
data should be shared	3
with soap and water	3
be used for contact	3
of contacts may be	3
to report the number	3
to conduct contact tracing	3
evidence synthesis and modelling	3
server of the gesundheitsamt	3
in preventing leprosy in	3
development of platforms are	3
beneficial effect on containing	3
potential of using bluetooth	3
in the bbc dataset	3
false sense of security	3
the isolation and quarantine	3
based contact tracing solutions	3
leprosy in contacts of	3
online supplemental materials appendix	3
provide transparency of and	3
full prototype of our	3
the attack rate is	3
they have no conflict	3
the incubation period for	3
of the proportion of	3
alternative to mass surveillance	3
the curvature profiles of	3
the form of a	3
of using bluetooth received	3
reduction in the effective	3
residents of portuguese nationality	3
the application and the	3
as discussed in section	3
manual contact tracing and	3
in reducing the effective	3
of ct apps in	3
of the limitations of	3
about the population is	3
of the virus that	3
the members of the	3
the app installed and	3
user has been exposed	3
this is likely to	3
come into close physical	3
in the number and	3
to be at least	3
a convenient way to	3
from china and elsewhere	3
or not they are	3
to the care of	3
of contact tracing among	3
development and use of	3
contact tracing is to	3
on the level of	3
reduction in transmission among	3
transparency of contact tracing	3
to the contact tracing	3
realistic urban social networks	3
first few days of	3
in realistic urban social	3
role to play in	3
source exposure sizes and	3
not sustainable in the	3
relies on passive wifi	3
support wearers during the	3
close for too long	3
the approach uses the	3
early stages of the	3
the delay from symptom	3
in a primary school	3
contact wireless sensing platforms	3
the effectiveness of confinement	3
is defined as a	3
to be included in	3
combined effect of digital	3
number of individuals in	3
of a novel coronavirus	3
to be effective in	3
the fact that a	3
keeping track of the	3
of the colep study	3
will be used by	3
with the results of	3
structure of the contact	3
significant contribution to the	3
measurement of contact patterns	3
in order to create	3
closing schools for days	3
probability density function of	3
contact with a diagnosed	3
sir epidemic model with	3
is protected by copyright	3
and use of sensitive	3
a number of concerns	3
sizes and durations using	3
patient is diagnosed with	3
each individual in the	3
under the age of	3
infected and exposed individuals	3
and google partner on	3
we note that the	3
if feeling unwell with	3
the uncertainty that stems	3
have been able to	3
when the contact tracing	3
seated on the same	3
contact tracing apps have	3
the number of total	3
the spread of airborne	3
here can have a	3
of pandemic a h	3
the fraction of people	3
details were obtained within	3
al concluded that bcg	3
of contacts between people	3
size of an attack	3
exposure sizes and durations	3
clinical hcws in sydney	3
is modeled as a	3
solutions like the one	3
human activity recognition using	3
the difference in the	3
hardware platform consists of	3
azure d s v	3
and control of the	3
the communication range of	3
to contain the covid	3
contact details were obtained	3
being exposed to the	3
contacts can be identified	3
of the prion protein	3
the wcsi frequency response	3
denote the number of	3
the transmission of the	3
as one of the	3
the effectiveness of quarantine	3
which is then used	3
is depicted in figure	3
institute human ethics committee	3
using mobile phone apps	3
a lower than average	3
model parameters and their	3
of the m data	3
the work of human	3
contact lens compliance during	3
the virus when they	3
medical institution had a	3
for influenza a h	3
agent j is infected	3
of daily contacts was	3
tracing via communication traces	3
as will be seen	3
that they can be	3
korea and health code	3
tracing system based on	3
end of the scale	3
smallpox and its eradication	3
coughing and shortness of	3
digital contact tracing technologies	3
to contain the disease	3
shading in each cell	3
with a stability of	3
while in the second	3
the next generation matrix	3
an important step to	3
of the range of	3
this means that the	3
close contact and casual	3
of iowa hospitals and	3
a high fraction of	3
as the total number	3
in the fields of	3
to generate at least	3
a distributed query system	3
work of human contact	3
of the population that	3
and protection of hcws	3
or had contact with	3
sleep disorder and diet	3
the relative importance of	3
spike protein of sars	3
with a mean of	3
the time required for	3
the ambient signature information	3
give appropriate credit to	3
assessing optimal target populations	3
enhance the efficacy of	3
is illustrated in fig	3
infection than healthcare providers	3
a mathematical model to	3
who had dined with	3
severe and critical cases	3
are consistent with the	3
time required for contact	3
a state of emergency	3
k j p l	3
after adjusting for age	3
in digital contact tracing	3
the potential of using	3
and the marginal infections	3
we do not expect	3
person transmission of covid	3
can have a very	3
user and for how	3
focus on the role	3
is greater than one	3
was based on the	3
have been used for	3
of leprosy patients in	3
the burden on the	3
adoption of contact tracing	3
starting from a single	3
infectious contact in the	3
consider the impact of	3
the first weeks of	3
the mixing patterns between	3
the institute human ethics	3
may be relevant for	3
there is a high	3
this information can be	3
school or other in	3
the relationship between the	3
studies have shown that	3
viral shedding and transmissibility	3
patterns in a primary	3
by different encounter context	3
using bluetooth low energy	3
number of hospital beds	3
it is assumed that	3
and food security may	3
it can be used	3
research studies have been	3
the similarity of two	3
the number of confirmed	3
this is in fact	3
the care of the	3
not likely to be	3
reported eating less or	3
for its use in	3
strategies for containing an	3
increase in contact rates	3
is shown as a	3
among those who had	3
google partner on covid	3
if the value of	3
system has the potential	3
it on two large	3
in terms of their	3
day of illness of	3
to predict the lockdown	3
of the health system	3
have no conflict of	3
can also be used	3
is important to note	3
and may lead to	3
is proposed on the	3
infection state is clarified	3
of the virus is	3
data on social contacts	3
between groups a and	3
data can be used	3
to protect themselves and	3
and transporting a patient	3
coronavirus disease in china	3
to an increase in	3
in two different areas	3
standard contact tracing methods	3
of ideal knot shapes	3
of infection and the	3
are not affected by	3
health management of persons	3
effective contact rate of	3
in the ed of	3
of patients infected with	3
were asked to record	3
the scope of the	3
m of each other	3
little is known about	3
random variable with mean	3
the indian institute of	3
is a promising solution	3
china and elsewhere into	3
controlling infectious disease outbreaks	3
a very beneficial effect	3
it is reasonable to	3
wcsi frequency response of	3
contacts to estimate age	3
ebola virus disease in	3
the reliability of the	3
of the raw data	3
the total population size	3
defined as any two	3
contact wireless platform is	3
could be used to	3
reporting items for systematic	3
on social contacts to	3
based on data from	3
and transmissibility of covid	3
case they are infected	3
our data show that	3
age of the individuals	3
and accuracy achieved by	3
this article is protected	3
public health interventions to	3
at least two reasons	3
of close contacts of	3
of a ct app	3
of isolation and quarantine	3
in the development and	3
it is not clear	3
the evolution of the	3
of the overall population	3
of a university hospital	3
segments involved in the	3
should also be noted	3
the amount of time	3
who need to be	3
group a at time	3
in number of contacts	3
the severity of the	3
process of contact tracing	3
the spread of a	3
commercial and specialized hardware	3
infected with novel coronavirus	3
ebola virus disease outbreak	3
to be able to	3
to the lack of	3
and processing of personal	3
approach for contact tracing	3
contact tracing using mobile	3
are in the same	3
concluded that bcg vaccination	3
to provide transparency of	3
been made in the	3
development strategy based on	3
delays on effectiveness of	3
the role of contact	3
peak number of infected	3
transmission occurred before symptom	3
contacts with household members	3
the physical closed trefoil	3
desktop pc or laptop	3
for household contacts of	3
as the extent to	3
to the total number	3
number of cases that	3
the effectiveness of digital	3
article is protected by	3
used for the evaluation	3
manual contact tracing supported	3
that each infected agent	3
social mixing data to	3
while at the same	3
influenza in the united	3
higher number of contacts	3
the trajectory of the	3
to address this problem	3
enabled approach to manage	3
and the physical distancing	3
as a public health	3
in the proximity of	3
the contact distribution of	3
is the ability to	3
it is evident that	3
stop the spread of	3
contact rates can have	3
to contribute to the	3
part of the bluetooth	3
tracing and isolation in	3
be traced and isolated	3
all age groups and	3
basic reproduction number of	3
that can be traced	3
is implemented on the	3
during the isolation or	3
to download the app	3
the percentage of ill	3
asymptomatic close contacts of	3
of marginal infections generated	3
weak point of this	3
regarding the use of	3
the heterogeneity of the	3
about contact tracing apps	3
from the beginning of	3
the sensitivity and specificity	3
face contact patterns in	3
a result of the	3
a full prototype of	3
vaccine or treatment for	3
the user has been	3
symptoms and monitoring of	3
with tens of thousands	3
although it is not	3
this hardware platform consists	3
short delay to isolation	3
the impact of a	3
the transmission of respiratory	3
concerns about contact tracing	3
contacts to be traced	3
iowa hospitals and clinics	3
distribution of population by	3
the infection rate of	3
information can be used	3
requiring more than hours	3
data were collected from	3
contact matrices for kenya	3
is not sufficient to	3
the number of susceptible	3
for the closed trefoil	3
to be vaccinated if	3
taking into account the	3
between any two individuals	3
users who were in	3
for early detection of	3
the results reported below	3
a reduction in contacts	3
results of this study	3
and type of contacts	3
the one proposed here	3
using data on social	3
on infections and deaths	3
infectious diseases transmitted on	3
outbreak of h n	3
the importance of the	3
to participate in the	3
and identification of contacts	3
are depicted in figure	3
of ill persons and	3
of any contact tracing	3
more likely to have	3
contacts that are not	3
of the proposed approach	3
the number and type	3
stages of an outbreak	3
epidemic model with time	3
contact tracing for containment	3
the remainder of the	3
and public health management	3
for influenza vaccination programmes	3
for contact tracing purposes	3
pharmaceutical interventions on covid	3
one of the main	3
would be sufficient to	3
a single dose of	3
its guidelines for the	3
people who are at	3
of novel coronavirus in	3
of such an approach	3
of individuals in each	3
and phase information of	3
the data from the	3
exposure prophylaxis for leprosy	3
choose to be vaccinated	3
the degree to which	3
that the virus can	3
first weeks of the	3
to check if they	3
that at least one	3
contact tracing will be	3
in close contacts of	3
and a desktop pc	3
within m of each	3
most of the groups	3
and usage of the	3
and control of influenza	3
when picking up and	3
of leprosy in the	3
present in the ed	3
a sufficient number of	3
little difference between the	3
assumed to be traced	3
from an infected individual	3
the potential effectiveness of	3
implications for its use	3
the public health workforce	3
in the same way	3
to an index case	3
by varying the transmission	3
and for notification of	3
trajectory of the abm	3
and by different encounter	3
those who had dined	3
prior to symptom onset	3
this study proposes a	3
of influenza a in	3
close proximity to each	3
the h n flu	3
and durations using scenario	3
of our system and	3
to be used in	3
infected but not infectious	3
epidemic models of contact	3
shows the contacts that	3
app as part of	3
shedding and transmissibility of	3
include the use of	3
devices such as smartphones	3
early in a pandemic	3
of contacts of the	3
in group a at	3
the time between symptom	3
transmission dynamics and control	3
the number of marginal	3
a delay of days	3
the percentage of infected	3
the spread of infections	3
the monitoring of human	3
rate is fixed at	3
clustering algorithm is used	3
see materials and methods	3
the result of the	3
outbreaks in realistic urban	3
low energy is used	3
containing an emerging influenza	3
on two large university	3
of the paper we	3
not have access to	3
been in close contact	3
contribution to the mathematical	3
of health care workers	3
false sense of safety	3
the isolation or quarantine	3
the proposed use of	3
factors that make an	3
the probability of control	3
the number of hcws	3
we present results for	3
that make an infectious	3
the spread of respiratory	3
active surveillance of close	3
one at a time	3
indian institute of science	3
contact tracing at the	3
adjusted by proportionate mixing	3
of many infectious diseases	3
picking up and transporting	3
a newly collected data	3
percent of respondents reported	3
the smartphone will be	3
physical distancing survey participants	3
evaluating the potential of	3
contact tracing is imperfect	3
between the elastic and	3
physical distancing measures have	3
are not sustainable in	3
trained public health professionals	3
in the midst of	3
the number of other	3
that they were in	3
the reproduction number from	3
the probability of having	3
regime when picking up	3
and approved the final	3
a medical institution had	3
the consequences of the	3
duration of contacts of	3
capacity in the event	3
for pandemic influenza in	3
has been identified as	3
general data protection regulation	3
for the public health	3
the person has covid	3
we have used a	3
is unlikely to control	3
a small conference room	3
effective configurations of a	3
need to be addressed	3
human activity and health	3
infectious disease outbreak controllable	3
the lancet infectious diseases	3
the reduction in contacts	3
of the percentage of	3
may have led to	3
number of daily work	3
for which we have	3
with the length of	3
individual contact and group	3
cell indicate the percentage	3
casual contact ring is	3
keratitis and corneal inflammatory	3
the transmission rate is	3
number of persons who	3
have also been used	3
indicate if changes were	3
infection rates and their	3
function of population density	3
of platforms are data	3
to ease lockdown measures	3
limit the spread of	3
to study the effect	3
on the probability of	3
of new leprosy patients	3
contact and casual contact	3
tracing of infected individuals	3
value of r is	3
average daily distance traveled	3
be sufficient to control	3
that must be satisfied	3
the duration of infectiousness	3
and corneal inflammatory events	3
during infectious disease outbreaks	3
the sum of all	3
which will be used	3
contacts are assumed to	3
table summarizes the non	3
proposed on the basis	3
index case and the	3
to measure the effectiveness	3
contributions to the mathematical	3
progress has been made	3
for the index case	3
an indication of how	3
to digital contact tracing	3
accounted for by the	3
measures are not sustainable	3
is equal to the	3
data collected by the	3
of infection than healthcare	3
of contact patterns between	3
the probability density function	3
of internet users have	3
persons of years and	3
agent will choose to	3
the bbc four pandemic	3
risk of infection than	3
of the ideal closed	3
with a diagnosed carrier	3
university of iowa hospitals	3
the epidemic in kenya	3
epidemic contact tracing via	3
of public health practice	3
infection rate in the	3
depicts the number of	3
within h after exposure	3
effect on containing the	3
contact tracing have been	3
too close for too	3