trigram

This is a table of type trigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

trigram	frequency
the number of	346
of contact tracing	194
number of contacts	177
the spread of	177
license to display	132
a license to	132
the copyright holder	132
granted medrxiv a	132
to display the	132
the preprint in	132
display the preprint	132
medrxiv a license	132
is the author	132
who has granted	132
the author funder	132
has granted medrxiv	132
holder for this	130
copyright holder for	130
in order to	125
as well as	123
the use of	122
is made available	115
license it is	114
international license it	114
made available under	114
available under a	114
it is made	114
digital contact tracing	109
preprint in perpetuity	108
this version posted	108
for this preprint	106
the effect of	103
a is the	102
contact tracing is	100
under a is	98
contact tracing and	98
of the population	93
based on the	89
the impact of	88
the effectiveness of	87
preprint this version	84
for contact tracing	84
contact tracing apps	84
this preprint this	84
the probability of	80
and contact tracing	69
of the covid	68
average number of	66
in terms of	65
the contact tracing	62
of the contact	61
can be used	59
as shown in	58
in this paper	58
need to be	57
one of the	57
of infectious diseases	57
total number of	57
manual contact tracing	57
such as the	56
the average number	56
due to the	54
of the epidemic	54
shown in fig	54
which was not	54
the risk of	53
spread of the	53
in the uk	53
version posted may	52
there is a	51
be used to	51
the total number	50
of the disease	49
the index case	48
in contact with	47
the reproduction number	47
by peer review	47
was not certified	47
not certified by	47
certified by peer	47
in the population	44
contact tracing in	44
of the app	44
of the virus	44
the united states	44
contact tracing for	43
we assume that	43
likely to be	42
a number of	41
in the united	40
the case of	40
the fact that	40
spread of covid	40
contact tracing system	39
in the case	38
to reduce the	38
contacts in the	37
the duration of	37
number of cases	37
as part of	37
the effects of	36
on the other	36
the other hand	36
in the same	36
the absence of	35
physical distancing measures	35
number of infections	35
the importance of	35
the fraction of	35
use of the	35
the context of	35
in this study	34
in the context	34
in addition to	34
a function of	34
the development of	33
at the same	33
of this paper	33
the role of	33
based contact tracing	33
that can be	33
spread of infectious	32
as a function	32
world health organization	32
the need for	32
the infectious period	31
in the number	31
contact tracing applications	31
the efficacy of	31
in this case	31
definition of a	31
prevention and control	31
the probability that	31
contact tracing has	30
basic reproduction number	30
of the pandemic	30
to control the	30
the novel coronavirus	30
severe acute respiratory	30
well as the	30
number of infected	30
of the system	30
large number of	30
the value of	30
bluetooth low energy	29
an infectious disease	29
the distribution of	29
the time of	29
contact tracing solutions	29
the transmission of	29
according to the	29
risk of infection	29
some of the	29
contact tracing app	29
needs to be	29
is likely to	29
in the absence	29
the same time	29
of contacts in	29
it is not	28
the results of	28
of the infectious	28
of the number	28
the course of	28
of public health	28
as a result	28
duration of contacts	28
acute respiratory syndrome	28
an infected person	28
testing and contact	28
the presence of	28
the physical distancing	27
number of people	27
the epidemic threshold	27
at least one	27
the definition of	27
the public health	27
related to the	27
use of a	27
a close contact	27
digital exposure notification	26
of this study	26
contact tracing can	26
the gcg app	26
and duration of	26
contact with the	26
be able to	26
the general population	26
transmission of covid	26
this is a	26
the proportion of	26
in the first	26
social distancing measures	26
compared to the	26
of a close	26
during the covid	26
around the world	26
that it is	25
because of the	25
the infection rate	25
mean number of	25
of ct apps	25
depending on the	25
in the model	25
to determine the	25
we do not	25
in the community	25
of infected individuals	25
it is possible	25
is shown in	25
tracing and isolation	25
effective reproduction number	25
of contacts per	25
the percentage of	25
focus on the	24
contact tracing to	24
structure of the	24
more likely to	24
for this this	24
effective contact tracing	24
of novel coronavirus	24
assumed to be	24
to the spread	24
number of secondary	24
this this version	24
there is no	24
preprint the copyright	24
during the pandemic	24
of an epidemic	24
version posted september	24
to identify the	24
a list of	24
to each other	23
with the index	23
who have been	23
the transmission rate	23
data from the	23
depends on the	23
contact with an	23
shown in figure	23
the process of	23
the basic reproduction	23
of infected persons	23
is based on	23
number of individuals	23
and public health	23
a set of	23
part of the	23
and control of	22
an infected individual	22
the effective reproduction	22
at the time	22
to be effective	22
of the model	22
social contacts and	22
is used to	22
effective contact rate	22
of cases and	22
relevant to the	22
to contain the	22
in other words	22
the level of	22
the end of	22
of digital contact	22
the beginning of	22
a large number	22
the potential to	22
and the number	22
to estimate the	22
of the infected	21
and mixing patterns	21
of contacts between	21
contacts of leprosy	21
reduction in the	21
physical distancing survey	21
the size of	21
are shown in	21
a reduction in	21
of leprosy patients	21
to be traced	21
in contact tracing	21
of the contacts	21
preserving contact tracing	21
to the virus	20
of symptomatic cases	20
the mean number	20
as a consequence	20
that contact tracing	20
and in the	20
with an infected	20
public health officials	20
function of the	20
people who are	20
in the vicinity	20
between the two	20
most of the	19
have been in	19
exposed to the	19
before symptom onset	19
into contact with	19
in the netherlands	19
distribution of the	19
and can be	19
contact tracing of	19
maximum number of	19
the privacy of	19
we assumed that	19
the effective contact	19
duration of the	19
of individuals in	19
depend on the	19
of an outbreak	19
control of the	19
the dynamics of	19
the age of	19
to evaluate the	19
reproduction number r	19
isolation and quarantine	18
may not be	18
the success of	18
be used in	18
the possibility of	18
close contacts of	18
of the current	18
a variety of	18
a contact tracing	18
can be seen	18
of the infection	18
who is infected	18
contact tracing application	18
effectiveness of the	18
the incubation period	18
a systematic review	18
number of samples	18
with regard to	18
the number and	18
over the course	18
traditional contact tracing	18
of social distancing	18
we focus on	18
effectiveness of contact	18
the reduction in	18
the basis of	18
we believe that	18
end of the	18
and casual contacts	18
the majority of	17
of an individual	17
size of the	17
is possible to	17
out of the	17
number of daily	17
been exposed to	17
the rate of	17
in a population	17
in the past	17
mixing patterns relevant	17
that the number	17
in close proximity	17
of the application	17
isolation and contact	17
of the smartphone	17
on the basis	17
are based on	17
contact patterns in	17
the contact network	17
casual contact ring	17
people who have	17
a total of	17
it is also	17
the infected person	17
a and b	17
the length of	17
cases and contacts	17
focused coping behavior	17
members of the	17
shown in table	17
contacts that are	17
tracing in the	17
in which the	17
are likely to	17
it can be	17
the onset of	17
course of the	17
we find that	17
has the potential	17
in this section	17
so that the	17
to have a	17
efficacy of contact	17
to contact tracing	17
by the user	16
phase of the	16
of the total	16
of the novel	16
the ability to	16
we use the	16
contact lens wear	16
a range of	16
been in contact	16
of the first	16
the baseline survey	16
will not be	16
of contacts of	16
we use a	16
contact tracing systems	16
isolation of cases	16
contacts and mixing	16
the accuracy of	16
contacts of the	16
contact tracing as	16
is that the	16
with digital contact	16
patterns relevant to	16
in the future	16
the lack of	16
it may be	16
of the transmission	16
this paper is	16
users in the	16
in the ed	16
probability of infection	16
closed trefoil knot	16
a h n	16
under a perpetuity	16
of close contacts	16
number and duration	16
reproduction number of	16
for the first	16
such as a	16
u s c	15
of the users	15
version posted july	15
close contact with	15
s c r	15
have been exposed	15
the world health	15
to ensure that	15
to understand the	15
been used to	15
part of a	15
are assumed to	15
in the physical	15
incubation period of	15
ebola virus disease	15
the amount of	15
included in the	15
c r i	15
transmission suggests epidemic	15
note that the	15
at time t	15
of a contact	15
each of these	15
with respect to	15
this is the	15
apple and google	15
the control of	15
a modelling study	15
in case of	15
contacts per day	15
for disease control	15
m a n	15
i p t	15
difference between the	15
prem et al	15
the need to	15
r i p	15
have to be	15
case of a	15
used in the	15
contact with a	15
n u s	15
a n u	15
a series of	15
in the early	15
control with digital	15
the purpose of	15
social contact patterns	15
the potential for	15
epidemic control with	15
of severe acute	15
associated with the	15
it has been	15
in contact rates	15
suggests epidemic control	15
of contact events	14
for infectious disease	14
and it is	14
of the outbreak	14
that are not	14
the rest of	14
probability of being	14
the degree of	14
they have been	14
transmission of sars	14
this means that	14
individuals in the	14
beginning of the	14
an outbreak of	14
of these contacts	14
the person who	14
each of the	14
as an example	14
human activity recognition	14
assume that the	14
in the study	14
as compared to	14
centers for disease	14
may lead to	14
information about the	14
which is the	14
many of the	14
of the applications	14
of the index	14
terms of the	14
with contact tracing	14
length of the	14
an average of	14
in our model	14
may have been	14
expected number of	14
the feasibility of	14
estimate of the	14
of the data	14
the population is	14
tracing is a	14
used for the	14
were in contact	14
of secondary cases	14
the casual contact	14
person who is	14
of patients with	13
accuracy of the	13
contacts within the	13
impact of the	13
in response to	13
used by the	13
contact network for	13
contacts between individuals	13
in age group	13
the implementation of	13
we can see	13
the app is	13
small number of	13
probability of an	13
to quantify the	13
in some cases	13
the study was	13
secondary attack rate	13
c e p	13
analysis of the	13
as long as	13
impact of contact	13
the likelihood of	13
of control measures	13
to measure the	13
of the user	13
was used to	13
are used to	13
to do so	13
case isolation and	13
impact on the	13
there is an	13
had contact with	13
of people who	13
e p t	13
t e d	13
greater risk of	13
p t e	13
of the bluetooth	13
day of the	13
of contacts that	13
information of the	13
will be used	13
of school closings	13
who may have	13
and of the	13
onset of symptoms	13
the most important	13
d m a	13
index case and	13
contact tracing methods	13
social contact data	13
of contacts and	13
of secondary infections	13
and physical distancing	13
in reducing the	13
we need to	13
the system is	13
is important to	13
be used for	13
infectious disease outbreaks	13
in the following	13
the relationship between	13
influenza a h	13
the contact patterns	13
in the previous	13
it is important	13
in the table	13
have been proposed	13
infectious disease transmission	13
details of the	13
to be a	13
discussed in section	13
to account for	13
they do not	13
the current pandemic	13
of coronavirus disease	13
a c c	13
c c e	13
e d m	13
of those who	13
we developed a	12
we note that	12
the lpep program	12
changes to the	12
of the same	12
in the baseline	12
fraction of the	12
cases in the	12
social distancing and	12
affected by the	12
of contact patterns	12
we found that	12
the design of	12
in the us	12
visited by the	12
for the spread	12
is the number	12
health care workers	12
mobile phone apps	12
a small number	12
based on a	12
for each group	12
those who had	12
the ground truth	12
in this article	12
is consistent with	12
for public health	12
total duration of	12
of influenza a	12
the list of	12
the close contact	12
to be the	12
in south korea	12
would need to	12
should not be	12
in the casual	12
will depend on	12
are in the	12
it is a	12
to the infected	12
can see that	12
be locked down	12
is defined as	12
the total population	12
of the individual	12
public health workforce	12
respiratory syndrome coronavirus	12
of the two	12
and isolation of	12
have not been	12
at the end	12
come in contact	12
to be infected	12
the potential of	12
with an infectious	12
age of the	12
prevention of leprosy	12
the total duration	12
middle east respiratory	12
contact tracing with	12
patients and staff	12
data for the	12
the start of	12
tracing as a	12
for infectious diseases	12
is not a	12
initial number of	12
school and casual	12
the application and	12
received signal strength	12
contact tracing strategies	12
lead to a	12
control the epidemic	12
number of new	12
the model is	12
of infectious disease	12
the colep study	12
if they are	12
public health measures	12
in the next	12
results show that	12
the time to	12
to explore the	12
of the study	12
to study the	12
r n a	11
start of the	11
the social distancing	11
of contacts for	11
addition to the	11
to predict the	11
number of contact	11
transmission of the	11
the bluetooth le	11
the expected number	11
the spreading of	11
in the hospital	11
to model the	11
version posted october	11
protective effect of	11
east respiratory syndrome	11
stay at home	11
spread of disease	11
times greater risk	11
changes in the	11
model can be	11
of contacts with	11
of the proposed	11
with the infected	11
dynamics of the	11
are required to	11
public health authorities	11
digital tracing system	11
the goal of	11
the cost of	11
proximity to the	11
all age groups	11
diagnosed with covid	11
it does not	11
automated contact tracing	11
is diagnosed with	11
during the lockdown	11
in our data	11
the population and	11
of the age	11
n a l	11
measures on the	11
systematic review of	11
estimates of the	11
of the intervention	11
that there are	11
of confirmed cases	11
in the covid	11
the identity of	11
be noted that	11
r o o	11
apps in the	11
the user is	11
the behavior of	11
o u r	11
the chance of	11
will need to	11
of the main	11
of social contacts	11
tracing has been	11
development of a	11
in combination with	11
may be a	11
the quality of	11
the strength of	11
come into contact	11
j o u	11
disease control and	11
control of covid	11
to the disease	11
the collected data	11
that of the	11
contact tracing efforts	11
value of r	11
the distance between	11
a central server	11
for a given	11
p r e	11
a l p	11
reduction in contacts	11
contact surveys and	11
axis shows the	11
passive wifi sensing	11
reduction of the	11
an increase in	11
of infection and	11
which is a	11
duration of contact	11
l p r	11
to assess the	11
a result of	11
in this work	11
to provide a	11
in the contact	11
community mobility reports	11
is unlikely to	11
account for the	11
time of writing	11
those who have	11
benefits of the	11
o o f	11
u r n	11
the maximum number	11
to the public	11
a person is	11
with a high	11
this is not	11
that there is	11
can also be	11
an opportunity to	11
p r o	11
were asked to	11
the reduction of	11
can only be	11
control and prevention	11
to be in	11
they are in	11
to achieve this	11
spread of an	11
if there is	11
not included in	11
in different settings	11
for each of	11
in the proximity	11
we show that	10
close to the	10
we present a	10
a contact is	10
have been used	10
whether or not	10
of being infected	10
of contacts was	10
transmission and control	10
expected to be	10
the app and	10
there was a	10
in public health	10
open trefoil knot	10
as the number	10
the numbers of	10
public health workers	10
the structure of	10
the contacts of	10
when the number	10
of each other	10
public health response	10
transmission in the	10
effectiveness of school	10
preventing the spread	10
with each other	10
data on the	10
transmission dynamics in	10
that we have	10
been used for	10
in hong kong	10
there have been	10
of the reproduction	10
household contacts of	10
to an infected	10
and management of	10
defined by the	10
numbers of contacts	10
the united kingdom	10
of a large	10
by isolation of	10
associated with a	10
even though the	10
durations of contacts	10
electronic contact tracing	10
type of contact	10
different types of	10
infected with covid	10
an epidemic outbreak	10
cases and deaths	10
in the background	10
the contact rate	10
a lack of	10
to be at	10
public health interventions	10
figure shows the	10
the initial number	10
wide range of	10
there has been	10
into account the	10
data were collected	10
patterns in the	10
can be computed	10
with the same	10
a wide range	10
which can be	10
early diagnosis of	10
quarantine safety protection	10
the smartphone magnetometer	10
similar to the	10
response to the	10
of all contacts	10
results of the	10
as in the	10
of the protein	10
cases that are	10
the closed trefoil	10
nature of the	10
value of the	10
data collected by	10
to the backend	10
in a non	10
infections in the	10
of individuals with	10
to improve the	10
of h n	10
google and apple	10
preserving proximity tracing	10
activities and health	10
index case in	10
in contrast to	10
on the smartphone	10
it should be	10
it will be	10
on the number	10
the entire population	10
of contacts traced	10
contact tracing are	10
be sufficient to	10
and use of	10
outbreaks by isolation	10
to detect the	10
in the u	10
data should be	10
the data collected	10
described in the	10
was defined as	10
in the scm	10
safety protection app	10
is less than	10
the details of	10
the contact is	10
has been used	10
department of health	10
see that the	10
the university of	10
found to be	10
of physical distancing	10
number of vaccinations	10
social contact matrices	10
this is an	10
the city of	10
keep track of	10
his or her	10
as soon as	10
a public health	10
effect of the	10
human activities and	10
in the system	10
high number of	10
this does not	10
contact tracing using	10
can be traced	10
on the reproduction	10
of our model	10
feasibility of controlling	10
to share their	10
to generate a	10
of the time	10
probability of transmission	10
is assumed to	10
referred to as	10
contact tracing was	9
of transmission before	9
traced and isolated	9
all rights reserved	9
on the contact	9
many countries have	9
countries around the	9
per day in	9
consistent with the	9
number of social	9
contact data from	9
in the literature	9
cases of covid	9
this paper we	9
contact in the	9
would like to	9
the slum population	9
of contacts is	9
of mobile phone	9
of a new	9
they can be	9
to participate in	9
to keep track	9
to the covid	9
tracing apps can	9
we used the	9
a distance of	9
to prevent the	9
a combination of	9
ratio of the	9
the social contact	9
tracing is effective	9
and the probability	9
of the above	9
the main text	9
to prevent leprosy	9
the lens case	9
when contact tracing	9
the aim of	9
to develop a	9
is not possible	9
amount of time	9
fraction of contacts	9
the registered users	9
this implies that	9
the infection to	9
meet the definition	9
as much as	9
the sum of	9
data collection and	9
contact tracing process	9
marginal infections generated	9
of infected people	9
to increase the	9
contacts in a	9
of location data	9
high levels of	9
the current study	9
of an infectious	9
proportion of contacts	9
of confirmed covid	9
healthcare workers and	9
social contact surveys	9
have come in	9
the location of	9
control the spread	9
made in the	9
for digital contact	9
a group of	9
the literature review	9
reproduction number for	9
the purposes of	9
the introduction of	9
in both the	9
in the worst	9
containment of the	9
to be used	9
in proximity to	9
of respondents reported	9
is able to	9
that it can	9
in many countries	9
the early stages	9
for at least	9
an influenza pandemic	9
increase in the	9
is difficult to	9
rest of the	9
for the purposes	9
an index case	9
ministry of health	9
values of the	9
by a factor	9
using the app	9
unlikely to be	9
of contact lens	9
conflict of interest	9
the h n	9
effect on the	9
show that the	9
the ability of	9
is necessary to	9
shows that the	9
contacts of patients	9
to compute the	9
ferretti et al	9
the form of	9
contact tracing by	9
by contact tracing	9
is the same	9
identity of the	9
the data is	9
changes in contact	9
shortness of breath	9
of social contact	9
do not have	9
an important role	9
the difference between	9
along with the	9
of daily contacts	9
of the collected	9
beds will be	9
with a person	9
contact tracing will	9
the virus and	9
impact of covid	9
contact network of	9
to allow for	9
relative to the	9
of the person	9
who are not	9
during the study	9
some of these	9
location of the	9
public health management	9
will be a	9
a reproduction number	9
to use a	9
and the time	9
implies that the	9
is essential to	9
a survey of	9
who were in	9
the virus is	9
is one of	9
of digital exposure	9
of human activities	9
that they are	9
close proximity to	9
sensitivity and specificity	9
the assumption that	9
is used for	9
health code app	9
mathematical theory of	9
can be identified	9
to stop the	9
provided by the	9
in the transmission	9
novel coronavirus in	9
specific social mixing	9
such that the	9
of a mobile	9
to return to	9
on the use	9
based approach to	9
such as those	9
may be more	9
contact tracing data	9
of controlling covid	9
with the number	9
factors such as	9
users of the	9
as can be	9
with an average	9
individuals who are	9
for the development	9
the attack rate	9
to be made	9
magnitude of the	9
onset to isolation	9
take into account	9
the study period	9
of the basic	9
use of contact	9
the peak of	9
the mixing patterns	9
tracing is the	9
in real time	8
spread of infection	8
in contacts of	8
there are two	8
to support the	8
the degree distribution	8
they were in	8
that the contact	8
when a person	8
negative binomial distribution	8
a period of	8
is to reduce	8
tens of thousands	8
a diagnosed carrier	8
the marginal infections	8
the general public	8
the waiting room	8
in the current	8
in the second	8
of contact networks	8
of transmission of	8
this kind of	8
compared with the	8
contacts per person	8
contact sensing platform	8
in figure a	8
that do not	8
dynamics in wuhan	8
guidelines for the	8
effective contact rates	8
shown in the	8
for proximity detection	8
locations visited by	8
for developing a	8
social mixing patterns	8
in the present	8
behavior of the	8
is the probability	8
model of the	8
to that of	8
period of the	8
contact trace data	8
the product of	8
a review of	8
we want to	8
to collect the	8
contact tracing scenario	8
that we are	8
years of age	8
of the device	8
have come into	8
to the ground	8
age and gender	8
identify people who	8
and the duration	8
percentage reduction in	8
of the ideal	8
in this context	8
the transmission and	8
at risk of	8
the polymod study	8
the vaccination coverage	8
of infections and	8
the second scenario	8
transmission rate of	8
the next section	8
in the paper	8
illness and death	8
with the largest	8
that could be	8
infections and deaths	8
ability to identify	8
be used by	8
that they were	8
contact lens compliance	8
benefits of contact	8
the containment of	8
exposure notification app	8
the health center	8
observed in the	8
has led to	8
the contact matrix	8
contacts and the	8
can lead to	8
they are infected	8
conducted in the	8
the received signal	8
of contacts are	8
contact tracing may	8
number of deaths	8
of the elastic	8
could lead to	8
it is clear	8
infectious diseases and	8
to the number	8
strategies for covid	8
characteristics of the	8
tracing for the	8
in the s	8
would not be	8
of a pandemic	8
it is necessary	8
the performance of	8
used as a	8
there are many	8
the infected individual	8
in line with	8
the range of	8
the infected user	8
absence of any	8
infections created by	8
effect of a	8
within the scm	8
detected in the	8
of the week	8
the capacity of	8
reduction of contacts	8
time of the	8
more than one	8
not be able	8
hours of contact	8
were in the	8
the susceptible population	8
to find the	8
instantaneous contact tracing	8
as described in	8
our results show	8
the authors declare	8
observed by the	8
the contribution of	8
eigenvalue of the	8
in the spread	8
data can be	8
the users are	8
the user may	8
determined by the	8
that are successfully	8
or in the	8
the republic of	8
of the paper	8
who are infected	8
in this scenario	8
the benefits of	8
description of the	8
critical mass of	8
ideal closed trefoil	8
the infectious disease	8
this is because	8
of social deprivation	8
new york times	8
and social distancing	8
the magnitude of	8
capacity of the	8
for this reason	8
with the app	8
estimated to be	8
social contact survey	8
with the contact	8
we see that	8
the ratio of	8
the mathematical theory	8
be affected by	8
can result in	8
are unlikely to	8
was conducted in	8
an example of	8
participants in the	8
of ill persons	8
to a central	8
the change in	8
focused on the	8
influenza in the	8
to match the	8
the difference in	8
mobile phone data	8
to an epidemic	8
case of covid	8
the new york	8
contact tracing technologies	8
and implementation of	8
in a hospital	8
section of this	8
fact that the	8
asymptomatic close contacts	8
testing and tracing	8
presented in the	8
to the level	8
most likely to	8
isolation of symptomatic	8
approach is not	8
sensing platform for	8
as a whole	8
importance of the	8
randomized controlled trial	8
in the development	8
prior to the	8
is greater than	8
and the total	8
different levels of	8
global positioning system	8
to identify and	8
used to measure	8
there are several	8
in case they	8
and their household	8
measures such as	8
among flight passengers	8
with a single	8
period of time	8
probability of elimination	8
have been identified	8
quarantine and isolation	8
on the effectiveness	8
of infections in	8
our data set	8
transmission before symptom	8
location and proximity	8
patterns of the	8
the user to	8
are more likely	8
devices that are	8
between any two	8
result of the	8
their household contacts	8
and staff in	8
of the general	8
of the average	8
a ct app	8
the gcg backend	8
the event of	8
that have been	8
ill persons and	8
the bbc pandemic	8
generated by the	8
supported by the	8
on the spread	8
reproduction number is	8
review of the	8
in an epidemic	8
of the most	8
effects in the	8
early stages of	8
of initial cases	8
contacts can be	8
results in a	8
of cross infection	8
morbidity and mortality	8
should be locked	8
positive test result	8
which will be	8
context of the	8
disease prevention and	8
and for the	8
shown to be	8
in the form	8
the potential impact	8
in the presence	8
contacts per participant	8
the disease and	8
when they are	8
is clear that	8
does not require	8
to better understand	8
trust in the	8
is limited to	8
with more than	8
even if the	8
to the general	8
exposure to the	8
contacts with other	8
single dose rifampicin	8
half of the	8
a factor of	8
of more than	8
higher than the	8
came into contact	8
and prevention of	8
to those who	8
use of mobile	8
privacy and security	8
of healthcare workers	8
equal to the	8
on the same	8
use of digital	8
of our study	7
of the city	7
to the same	7
to the entire	7
we use an	7
to contribute to	7
of infectious individuals	7
the limitations of	7
on its own	7
our work is	7
outside the home	7
of marginal infections	7
treatment and prevention	7
at the individual	7
for the past	7
in the control	7
we did not	7
symptom onset and	7
to the use	7
that this is	7
the epidemic in	7
the location data	7
suggest that the	7
for the ideal	7
are able to	7
a surgical mask	7
from publicly reported	7
infection in the	7
in washington state	7
the focus of	7
to seek medical	7
of leprosy in	7
in the close	7
rate at which	7
and health care	7
has to be	7
this type of	7
to the pandemic	7
the first to	7
it is difficult	7
network for infectious	7
study was conducted	7
we compare the	7
to th grade	7
has been identified	7
mathematical models of	7
as for the	7
aim is to	7
of index cases	7
contact and the	7
peak number of	7
the horizontal axis	7
contain the epidemic	7
defined as a	7
to contain an	7
the monitoring of	7
which have been	7
result in a	7
kiti et al	7
the main difference	7
the central server	7
a digital contact	7
tracing to be	7
of isolation and	7
the pandemic and	7
that may be	7
be used as	7
contribution to the	7
due to covid	7
by the number	7
the side chains	7
of the groups	7
this article is	7
random variable with	7
matrices from the	7
the efficiency of	7
for users to	7
the availability of	7
in recent years	7
diagnosed with an	7
diagnosis of covid	7
the washington post	7
early transmission dynamics	7
is equivalent to	7
number of infectious	7
of reported contacts	7
and snohomish counties	7
infection and the	7
stage of the	7
on contact tracing	7
epidemic prevention and	7
is expected to	7
we plot the	7
information on the	7
of the day	7
the nature of	7
for the diagnosis	7
in a large	7
that the average	7
publicly reported confirmed	7
distance between the	7
to pass on	7
we compute the	7
a subset of	7
was not peer	7
supplementary figure s	7
of the probability	7
screening and sdr	7
beaudry and pinsonneault	7
been in close	7
models of contact	7
especially in the	7
of the household	7
about privacy infringement	7
health authorities to	7
symptomatic cases that	7
user has been	7
review and meta	7
rates of illness	7
reported confirmed cases	7
in close contact	7
of the people	7
the spike protein	7
of personal information	7
contact details were	7
there are no	7
in a pediatric	7
any contact tracing	7
use of bluetooth	7
the increase in	7
version of the	7
of a vaccine	7
this information is	7
from the uk	7
data are collected	7
is crucial to	7
spread of sars	7
to contain covid	7
means that the	7
is the most	7
when there are	7
effective number of	7
that the covid	7
together with the	7
to protect the	7
the contact trace	7
contact screening and	7
to people who	7
challenge appraisal of	7
the centralized system	7
of the rod	7
among contacts of	7
development of the	7
reduce the spread	7
is that we	7
infectious diseases of	7
we investigate the	7
the emergence of	7
of the individuals	7
rate in the	7
impact of different	7
the app in	7
the outbreak of	7
the health authority	7
purpose of the	7
a control measure	7
fraction of symptomatic	7
be expected to	7
at a time	7
led to a	7
is the average	7
of the hospital	7
age mixing patterns	7
track of the	7
the first case	7
added to the	7
of the gesundheitsamt	7
contact tracing technology	7
perform contact tracing	7
human contact network	7
centralized contact tracing	7
to the hospital	7
we used a	7
majority of the	7
ct apps in	7
during the early	7
should also be	7
impact of social	7
h n influenza	7
the concept of	7
coronavirus contact tracing	7
to give a	7
of a digital	7
of epidemic control	7
this could be	7
cumulative number of	7
refers to the	7
that at least	7
their close contacts	7
course of a	7
within the home	7
in the event	7
may also be	7
increasing number of	7
the benefit of	7
an estimate of	7
the incidence of	7
the characteristics of	7
the numbers and	7
is illustrated in	7
and exposure notification	7
be exposed to	7
is not only	7
the apple google	7
where there is	7
contacts of individuals	7
the percentage reduction	7
to simulate the	7
reduce the number	7
false sense of	7
the proposed approach	7
the user and	7
access to the	7
model of covid	7
coronavirus in the	7
south korea and	7
for the period	7
how many people	7
public health agencies	7
assuming that the	7
for the baseline	7
for the contact	7
of the registered	7
new york city	7
contact data to	7
for which the	7
based on their	7
of disease transmission	7
there is little	7
has been implemented	7
results of this	7
is associated with	7
of the initial	7
the data collection	7
for both the	7
hinch et al	7
the epidemic is	7
in the near	7
by the time	7
for the containment	7
tracing apps in	7
results of a	7
persons and their	7
be at risk	7
not possible to	7
based on this	7
of the research	7
time spent in	7
important role in	7
at working ages	7
contact lens wearers	7
usage of the	7
at a rate	7
of health and	7
collected from the	7
for the physical	7
berke et al	7
the vertical axis	7
proximity to each	7
many of these	7
to the system	7
depicted in figure	7
smartphone magnetometer traces	7
probability that a	7
seek medical advice	7
to download the	7
to the mathematical	7
contact tracing that	7
household size distribution	7
limited number of	7
infectious diseases in	7
authors declare that	7
was supported by	7
study the effect	7
in place to	7
as it is	7
we predict that	7
contact patterns of	7
to test the	7
by the app	7
the model was	7
reduction in rt	7
more effective than	7
a median of	7
of manual contact	7
the contact surface	7
features of the	7
on the server	7
used to identify	7
the dominant eigenvalue	7
federated states of	7
dynamic contact network	7
of thousands of	7
and digital contact	7
likely to have	7
in the world	7
evolution of the	7
for the use	7
medrxiv preprint figure	7
needed to be	7
the secondary attack	7
both in terms	7
and evaluation of	7
as social distancing	7
a consequence of	7
that they have	7
conversational and physical	7
is known to	7
theory of epidemics	7
the scope of	7
the individual level	7
in which case	7
contacts at work	7
the magnetic field	7
was approved by	7
to be an	7
the movements of	7
number of covid	7
the contacts between	7
the previous day	7
in which they	7
caused by the	7
rather than the	7
number of initial	7
of a novel	7
high population density	7
is a key	7
is sufficient to	7
transmission models of	7
and in some	7
tracing apps are	7
be effective in	7
much of the	7
tracing for covid	7
aspects of the	7
systematic review and	7
evaluation of the	7
of achieving control	7
is an important	7
to monitor the	7
is a good	7
relating to the	7
spreading of the	7
two of the	7
of the spread	7
dynamics and control	7
of participants in	7
the type of	7
the window size	7
is due to	7
a positive test	7
the index patient	7
individuals who have	7
we conclude that	7
of people infected	7
in number of	7
effectiveness of isolation	7
in areas with	7
to create a	7
outcomes of the	7
the contact was	7
the first scenario	7
tracing can be	7
the survey was	7
even in the	7
data in the	7
it is imperative	7
contact matrices in	7
and quarantine efficacy	7
city of kolkata	7
of this kind	7
look at the	7
have shown that	7
contacts to be	7
social mixing matrices	7
population density and	7
the real world	7
contact matrices for	7
impact of physical	7
ideal knot shapes	7
the problem of	7
the scale of	7
states of micronesia	7
for how long	7
there is not	7
number of reported	7
for each class	7
the application of	7
been identified as	7
the virus to	7
mossong et al	7
for the public	7
use of such	7
the human body	7
in the initial	7
is determined by	7
economic and food	7
chemoprophylaxis against leprosy	7
which is not	7
will be in	7
is the process	7
can be applied	7
in the long	7
combined effect of	6
proposed p ct	6
from the contact	6
that are detected	6
by means of	6
the homogeneous mixing	6
the behaviour of	6
social network analysis	6
in a small	6
during contact tracing	6
for containment of	6
number of such	6
a method to	6
of the privacy	6
of a covid	6
current contact tracing	6
as shown by	6
contacts of cases	6
the contact and	6
individuals who were	6
organized as follows	6
devices such as	6
the primary case	6
household contacts were	6
to make the	6
a a a	6
this study is	6
accuracy achieved by	6
one or more	6
the transmission probability	6
to the fact	6
of pandemic influenza	6
the ideal trefoil	6
the time between	6
mixing matrices from	6
in all the	6
countries using contact	6
contact patterns between	6
data to the	6
the extent of	6
call to actions	6
the early stage	6
positive for covid	6
the contact matrices	6
shows the number	6
matrices in countries	6
during an epidemic	6
contacts for confirmed	6
involved in the	6
case in a	6
not depend on	6
disclosure of the	6
age group i	6
contact tracing model	6
number of participants	6
contact tracing strategy	6
contacts will be	6
c i s	6
it is more	6
and there is	6
an important step	6
we present the	6
the idea of	6
different age groups	6
transmission and contact	6
is that it	6
find that the	6
the traditional contact	6
of the results	6
need for a	6
the virus in	6
transmission of influenza	6
we evaluate the	6
of contacts reported	6
be computed as	6
beds in sydney	6
contact tracing on	6
and infection control	6
of false positives	6
and demographic data	6
compared to a	6
of up to	6
contact tracing during	6
an overview of	6
the influenza pandemic	6
during the initial	6
to be considered	6
has not been	6
proportional to the	6
of the respondents	6
allows users to	6
in the main	6
the contact distribution	6
order to determine	6
by the smartwatch	6
in controlling the	6
the cumulative number	6
behaviour of the	6
between individuals and	6
numbers of people	6
i s u	6
which we have	6
there may be	6
contact patterns are	6
a lot of	6
on the device	6
strategy based on	6
using contact surveys	6
contact and airborne	6
out by the	6
h after exposure	6
understand the impact	6
for human activity	6
contact networks in	6
the network of	6
control measures in	6
data will be	6
of individuals and	6
prevent the spread	6
entropic cost of	6
rfid tag and	6
model the spread	6
of weekly cases	6
be traced and	6
it comes to	6
parts of the	6
the source code	6
confirmed cases and	6
infections prevented per	6
creative commons licence	6
users who have	6
tend to be	6
implications for the	6
estimation and application	6
and physical contacts	6
and the other	6
versions of the	6
probability of achieving	6
portion of the	6
seems to be	6
to manage the	6
slow down the	6
is responsible for	6
distance and duration	6
the entropic cost	6
leprosy control programs	6
are successfully traced	6
work and casual	6
the results are	6
tracing is not	6
on the population	6
bbc pandemic project	6
means clustering algorithm	6
it is highly	6
of ebola virus	6
agents in a	6
the collection of	6
have the potential	6
of new cases	6
those who were	6
diseases such as	6
number of users	6
in conjunction with	6
emerging infectious diseases	6
is similar to	6
data that is	6
the device and	6
can be found	6
each age group	6
days of the	6
of a vaccination	6
lancet public health	6
the effective reproductive	6
the folding process	6
to combat covid	6
version posted april	6
the identification of	6
it is very	6
by a single	6
of contact with	6
is organized as	6
highlights the need	6
could be used	6
the consequences of	6
monitoring of human	6
initial reproductive ratio	6
health management of	6
individuals were in	6
size of an	6
on a network	6
no reuse allowed	6
outbreak in china	6
of infected cases	6
the government of	6
that an individual	6
leprosy in the	6
primary and secondary	6
of the patient	6
be made available	6
adjusting for age	6
age group and	6
number of total	6
is described by	6
were associated with	6
data to be	6
of the potential	6
in the effective	6
would be expected	6
social distancing score	6
declare that they	6
probability that an	6
probability per contact	6
a proxy for	6
a dashboard to	6
of the effectiveness	6
to quickly identify	6
individuals belonging to	6
that must be	6
as opposed to	6
were able to	6
for this study	6
need to understand	6
change in the	6
the initial phase	6
before the onset	6
of contact is	6
personal protective equipment	6
the inner segments	6
location and contact	6
between symptom onset	6
this approach is	6
the device id	6
present in the	6
the disclosure of	6
of testing and	6
is given by	6
our model is	6
physical distance measures	6
shows the fraction	6
are detected in	6
offline and online	6
exposed to infection	6
in other countries	6
model for the	6
centerline of the	6
the household size	6
drawn from a	6
existing contact tracing	6
data collected from	6
at least two	6
to build a	6
of household contacts	6
contacts who are	6
for the same	6
and for how	6
the data and	6
people in the	6
of the gcg	6
monitoring of contacts	6
duration of these	6
that need to	6
and privacy concerns	6
the world have	6
group of people	6
there are a	6
to address the	6
such as influenza	6
projecting social contact	6
the reliability of	6
drawn from the	6
used in this	6
in the face	6
control measures are	6
of being traced	6
the locations of	6
to enhance the	6
with the goal	6
and the average	6
information such as	6
distributed random variable	6
larger numbers of	6
the prevalence of	6
status of the	6
it is recommended	6
both of which	6
and should be	6
in a high	6
the proximity sensing	6
of an infected	6
to one of	6
diseases of humans	6
of the cross	6
onset of the	6
to contacts of	6
scale of the	6
during the week	6
response to covid	6
is recommended to	6
to look at	6
the department of	6
the dynamic contact	6
that a contact	6
as a control	6
in contact patterns	6
and social contacts	6
infectious individuals who	6
high level of	6
magnetic field strength	6
network of the	6
reduces transmission by	6
the population into	6
number of days	6
initial phase of	6
order to identify	6
of vaccinations performed	6
range of possible	6
tracing of contacts	6
is no longer	6
to interact with	6
on social contacts	6
of cases that	6
specific mixing patterns	6
to meet the	6
to identify people	6
identification of contacts	6
of the economy	6
the combined effect	6
rate of the	6
the effective number	6
the burden of	6
over the past	6
put in place	6
while it is	6
our proposed p	6
may have come	6
design and implementation	6
collected by the	6
epidemic in kenya	6
this can be	6
can serve as	6
of the response	6
illustrated in fig	6
the pool of	6
of being in	6
performance of the	6
epidemic in the	6
some degree of	6
reducing transmission of	6
users who were	6
day in the	6
unsupervised machine learning	6
an app user	6
in the bbc	6
our approach is	6
regardless of the	6
under different scenarios	6
an attempt to	6
of new infections	6
in the public	6
that would be	6
on the phone	6
an infectious individual	6
like to thank	6
the parameters that	6
put a surgical	6
and may be	6
mean outbreak size	6
during this period	6
not account for	6
is equal to	6
dominant eigenvalue of	6
the raw data	6
take place in	6
that we can	6
the development and	6
at a high	6
keeping track of	6
does not allow	6
the infected area	6
reuse allowed without	6
the disease in	6
of the primary	6
concerns about privacy	6
of physical distance	6
of their own	6
since the beginning	6
influenza pandemic in	6
of population density	6
control measures on	6
with the patient	6
the previous section	6
control measures is	6
the early diagnosis	6
and shortness of	6
according to a	6
distancing on reducing	6
the diagnosed carrier	6
a population of	6
this study was	6
in view of	6
that causes covid	6
an unsupervised machine	6
when it comes	6
can reduce the	6
and has an	6
they have no	6
strategies to reduce	6
over the entire	6
number of other	6
the sgx tee	6
to the next	6
at the beginning	6
retrospective cohort study	6
at this time	6
effect of digital	6
tracing apps and	6
in section of	6
the robustness of	6
person transmission of	6
to the network	6
privacy of the	6
assumed that of	6
if there are	6
social mixing data	6
the next generation	6
an indication of	6
use respiratory protection	6
new leprosy patients	6
of untraced cases	6
an individual in	6
on the infection	6
the post lockdown	6
in countries using	6
a large scale	6
false positives and	6
predict that the	6
trajectory of the	6
during an outbreak	6
outbreak in wuhan	6
prevented per vaccination	6
does not change	6
the safety of	6
the rate at	6
that indicates the	6
countries such as	6
people who may	6
context of covid	6
an effort to	6
at regular intervals	6
large numbers of	6
on the patient	6
impact of non	6
in such a	6
on how to	6
after symptom onset	6
lazarus and folkman	6
lens wear and	6
more than a	6
were more likely	6
sent to the	6
and control measures	6
the implications of	6
the contact pressure	6
in the general	6
the disease has	6
hospital worker groups	6
implementation of the	6
are not included	6
in the polymod	6
in the c	6
reduction in transmission	6
share their location	6
since it is	6
surveys and demographic	6
samples observed by	6
in scenarios with	6
in this way	6
that cannot be	6
corresponding to the	6
to be compared	6
there will be	6
is imperative to	6
which they are	6
and the effect	6
on the covid	6
potential exposure to	6
research hypothesis h	6
of the survey	6
specific social contact	6
active surveillance system	6
of the u	6
the advantage of	6
on the role	6
from onset to	6
during the flight	6
the severity of	6
from the literature	6
unlikely to control	6
period of coronavirus	6
wearable wireless sensors	6
number of index	6
they found that	6
to the app	6
on reducing transmission	6
of the mobile	6
between individuals in	6
for the early	6
to compare the	6
the face of	6
of ring vaccination	6
slow the spread	6
and food security	6
republic of korea	6
in the backend	6
they are not	6
of the epidemiological	6
as mentioned above	6
a reduction of	6
should be considered	6
the design and	6
high probability of	6
any of the	6
effectiveness of this	6
a very high	6
to limit the	6
contact tracing solution	6
the contact rates	6
allow for a	6
social encounter networks	6
for testing and	6
those who are	6
to minimize the	6
to as the	6
when a user	6
the most common	6
being able to	6
is possible that	6
that the epidemic	6
the overall population	6
is related to	6
lens wear during	6
is not an	6
the digital system	6
domain of the	6
of contacts to	6
note that we	6
it is essential	6
cost of the	6
information can be	6
in the network	6
a false sense	6
in some countries	6
the population in	6
the near future	6
bluetooth signal strength	6
of these measures	6
we propose to	6
the open trefoil	6
directly from the	6
subset of the	6
the alert dialog	6
it possible to	6
the disease to	6
during which the	6
with the most	6
allowed without permission	6
containment of covid	6
within a community	6
a study of	6
impact of control	6
tracing and physical	6
the uk in	6
close physical contact	6
of contact lenses	6
their data is	6
the age and	6
the folding initiation	6
even if they	6
physical distancing on	6
secondary cases that	6
the validity of	6
it is likely	6
focus of the	6
while in the	6
a key role	6
if the probability	6
mobile phone app	6
for the general	6
registered users in	6
person in the	6
from symptom onset	6
the time needed	6
is close to	6
for disease prevention	6
contacts may be	6
heterogeneity in the	6
used to estimate	6
leads to a	6
the ideal closed	6
should be a	6
a delay of	6
potential impact of	6
medrxiv preprint the	6
basis of the	6
the first few	6
marakhimov and joo	6
individuals in a	6
the area should	6
is the first	6
developed a dashboard	6
the hospital worker	6
age and sex	6
of samples observed	6
this has been	6
of contacts during	6
i and j	6
be shared with	6
of the approach	5
using hydrogen peroxide	5
cap in addition	5
are described in	5
is the only	5
of how the	5
age group j	5
the effect on	5
tracing of second	5
controlling the spread	5
number of weekly	5
for its use	5
are in proximity	5
surgical mask on	5
contact events were	5
vertical axis shows	5
proximity of the	5
of human contact	5
of the effective	5
one way to	5
mixing on outcomes	5
as a key	5
control strategies to	5
the system was	5
within a few	5
dynamic contact patterns	5
results for the	5
outside the hospital	5
from the results	5
in the effectiveness	5
in a more	5
the utility of	5
are the most	5
in the age	5
in a crowd	5
for many years	5