quadgram

This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

quadgram frequency
neonatal intensive care unit68
a neonatal intensive care53
in a neonatal intensive51
reduce the risk of38
the risk of infection35
for the prevention of34
in the united states33
hand hygiene in health31
compliance with hand hygiene31
severe acute respiratory syndrome30
to reduce the risk27
to improve hand hygiene27
with soap and water24
of hand hygiene in24
with the use of23
on hand hygiene in23
control practices advisory committee23
infection control practices advisory22
a systematic review of22
a systematic review or22
systematic review or a22
has granted medrxiv a21
the preprint in perpetuity21
for disease control and21
granted medrxiv a license21
display the preprint in21
to display the preprint21
hygiene in health care21
is the author funder21
a license to display21
review or a meta21
the risk of cr21
medrxiv a license to21
who has granted medrxiv21
license to display the21
y n y n20
disease control and prevention20
in the home and20
the use of a20
the home and community19
has been shown to19
infection prevention and control19
guidelines on hand hygiene18
this preprint this version18
preprint this version posted18
as well as the18
this version posted may18
the use of alcohol18
for this preprint this18
in health care settings18
holder for this preprint18
copyright holder for this18
the copyright holder for18
on the other hand17
the importance of hand17
to wash their hands17
total number of studies17
importance of hand hygiene17
adherence to hand hygiene17
y y n y17
for hand hygiene in17
centers for disease control17
in an intensive care17
the spread of infection16
in the prevention of16
the hands of hcws16
one or more of16
healthcare infection control practices16
responsibility for infection risk16
or more of the16
more of the review15
associated urinary tract infections15
as a result of15
the world health organization15
personal responsibility for infection15
bsi and related complications15
who guidelines on hand15
in intensive care units15
of the review questions15
reducing the risk of14
relates to infections associated14
the healthcare infection control14
an intensive care unit14
a is the author14
the extent to which14
is written in english14
available under a is14
international license it is14
is made available under14
that the use of14
license it is made14
improve hand hygiene compliance14
under a is the14
it is made available14
to infections associated with14
made available under a14
hand hygiene practices in14
is one of the13
guideline for hand hygiene13
of personal protective equipment13
practices advisory committee and13
care is safer care13
a systematic review and12
advisory committee and the12
after using the toilet12
total number of articles12
term indwelling urethral catheter12
of nosocomial infection in12
in the united kingdom12
interventions to improve hand12
food and drug administration12
associated with the use12
liquid soap and water12
hand hygiene task force12
premature line removal and12
line removal and mortality12
the authors concluded that12
hand hygiene compliance in12
national and international guidelines12
systematic review of the12
of central venous catheters11
risk of transmission of11
of the healthcare infection11
and related complications including11
hand hygiene in healthcare11
the mean estimations of11
et al showed that11
which was not certified11
recommendations of the healthcare11
related complications including phlebitis11
outbreak in a neonatal11
in reducing the risk11
a randomized controlled trial11
on the hands of11
was not certified by11
clean care is safer11
been shown to be11
hands must be decontaminated11
certified by peer review11
of the effectiveness of11
and the use of11
in the number of11
good hand hygiene practice11
increase the risk of11
not certified by peer11
minimise the risk of11
central venous access device11
very low birth weight10
have been shown to10
in the absence of10
and food contact surfaces10
promotion of hand hygiene10
term indwelling urethral catheters10
in the patient rooms10
the probability of infection10
was found to be10
the risk of cauti10
the left hand of10
prevention and control of10
the intensive care unit10
systematic review and meta10
at the time of10
idsa hand hygiene task10
have been associated with10
apic idsa hand hygiene10
of hand hygiene and10
the total number of10
the role of the10
for the use of10
of hand hygiene promotion10
shea apic idsa hand10
the hicpac shea apic9
can be used to9
a review of the9
and the risk of9
urinary tract infections in9
at the point of9
to promote hand hygiene9
impact of hand hygiene9
it is important to9
in the context of9
use and disposal of9
in the left hand9
in the incidence of9
reduce the incidence of9
hicpac shea apic idsa9
should not be used9
hand and food contact9
the aim of this9
parents of young children9
committee and the hicpac9
in the form of9
the risk of transmission9
of severe acute respiratory9
global patient safety challenge9
in the intensive care9
a number of studies9
has been associated with9
in the transmission of9
the use of gloves9
hand hygiene in the9
is based on the9
and the hicpac shea9
that described primary research8
hands with soap and8
washing with soap and8
the effect of hand8
systematic review of studies8
in relation to the8
hand washing with soap8
in response to the8
review of the literature8
critically appraised by two8
transmission in the home8
was achieved through discussion8
all articles that described8
ed any additional evidence8
in the presence of8
to hand hygiene guidelines8
reducing the incidence of8
be in place to8
guided nudging and data8
the effect of a8
and grading was achieved8
in health care workers8
cause of nosocomial infection8
there is no evidence8
during normal daily activities8
was associated with a8
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus8
consensus and grading was8
to the use of8
should be in place8
neither we nor hicpac8
of this study was8
of the use of8
one of the most8
to minimise the risk8
grading was achieved through8
efficacy of hand hygiene8
articles that described primary8
contact with the patient8
among health care workers8
the department of health8
for improving hand hygiene8
that the risk of8
that there is no8
and disposal of sharps8
as part of a8
safe use and disposal8
risk of exposure to8
hand hygiene in reducing8
infection in a neonatal8
chemical disinfectants and antiseptics8
of the hands of8
to be associated with8
whilst updating our systematic8
of personal responsibility for8
using sign and epoc7
appraisers using sign and7
in the spread of7
the most widely recognized7
moments for hand hygiene7
patients contrasted with the7
assumption of personal responsibility7
come into contact with7
central venous catheters in7
in the nicu setting7
the british association of7
studies have demonstrated that7
to inform one or7
british association of plastic7
aim of this study7
the sift criteria were7
professionals in infection control7
including the above designs7
for professionals in infection7
after coughing or sneezing7
guideline development advisory group7
as soon as possible7
there is a risk7
in the event of7
for appraisal during sift7
appears to inform one7
to prevent transmission of7
prevention of central venous7
selected for appraisal during7
and met the sift7
studies selected for appraisal7
as an alternative to7
effectiveness of hand hygiene7
hands are visibly soiled7
journal of hospital infection7
the hand hygiene program7
sign and epoc criteria7
have been carried out7
abstract indicates that the7
sift criteria were independently7
in type diabetes mellitus7
frequency of hand washing7
of studies selected for7
were independently critically appraised7
were associated with a7
by two appraisers using7
type diabetes mellitus patients7
in addition to the7
play a role in7
to be the most7
and parents of young7
and appears to inform7
the impact of hand7
in a neonatal unit7
the authors have no7
the use of an7
for hand hygiene and7
met the sift criteria7
of sodium hypochlorite bleach7
with a mean of7
and informs one or7
what is the effectiveness7
analysis and met the7
based on the best7
about the importance of7
hand hygiene practice in7
when hands are visibly7
intensive care unit a7
indicates that the article7
it is important that7
number of studies selected7
independently critically appraised by7
the occurrence of agglutination7
the severe acute respiratory7
pcps and parents of7
rms that the article7
the prevention of cr7
the importance of handwashing7
for hand hygiene practices7
association for professionals in7
in two hands of7
a wide range of7
updating our systematic review7
two appraisers using sign7
to reduce the incidence7
soap and water or7
inform one or more7
be more effective than7
the efficacy of the7
appraised by two appraisers7
hand hygiene promotion in7
hand hygiene is a7
criteria were independently critically7
informs one or more7
of nosocomial infections in6
is indicated in the6
incorporated into local guidelines6
the risk of catheter6
in prevention of nosocomial6
that they have no6
have been implicated in6
the patient rooms and6
effect of hand hygiene6
hand hygiene in hospitals6
were more likely to6
of supporting evidence explicitly6
risk of infection in6
the safe use and6
transmission of infectious diseases6
quality whilst updating our6
healthcare workers should be6
the rest of the6
of hand hygiene is6
be used as a6
any additional evidence of6
during sift all articles6
by handwashing with soap6
from the hands of6
by health care workers6
the aim of the6
contamination of the hands6
none are regarded as6
bacteria from washed hands6
hand hygiene compliance and6
surgery of the hand6
emphasis on personal responsibility6
guidelines for the prevention6
the efficacy of hand6
class of supporting evidence6
the incidence of catheter6
type and class of6
linked to each recommendation6
the guideline development advisory6
at a concentration of6
this guidance is based6
and blood gathering of6
loops are the most6
and class of supporting6
supporting evidence explicitly linked6
no significant difference in6
link between handwashing and6
hand hygiene compliance of6
this is indicated in6
indicated in the text6
need to be incorporated6
audit and feedback of6
to improve compliance with6
in both the hands6
are not detailed procedural6
of the home environment6
designed to reduce the6
transmission of rhinovirus colds6
number of articles retrieved6
of blood or body6
of articles retrieved from6
american academy of pediatrics6
hygiene in healthcare settings6
articles retrieved from sift6
critically appraised evidence currently6
review of the evidence6
of urinary tract infection6
soap and water is6
of the most important6
outbreak of serratia marcescens6
the prevention of catheter6
is the effectiveness of6
evidence explicitly linked to6
use of personal protective6
insertion and maintenance of6
no reuse allowed without6
evidence of acceptable quality6
on the incidence of6
after hand contamination events6
be aware of the6
the food and drug6
such as hand hygiene6
the authors declare that6
as a source of6
programme to improve compliance6
the centers for disease6
british society for surgery6
some recommendations from the6
been revised to improve6
circulating in the community6
the neonatal intensive care6
protective equipment should be6
the new public health6
studies have been carried6
resistant staphylococcus aureus from6
reuse allowed without permission6
was not possible to6
hand hygiene practice was6
in order to prevent6
gluconate in isopropyl alcohol6
revised to improve clarity6
improve compliance with hand6
home and community settings6
improving hand hygiene practices6
in the domestic environment6
of hand washing and6
the type and class6
of acceptable quality whilst6
is a risk of6
sift all articles that6
on the best critically6
recommendations from the previous6
participants were asked to6
guidance is based on6
for surgery of the6
to each recommendation is6
have been revised to6
the incidence of nosocomial6
are regarded as optional6
the efficacy of handwashing6
on the efficacy of6
appraisal during sift all6
and need to be6
were most noteworthy in6
to be incorporated into6
the best critically appraised6
it was not possible6
not detailed procedural protocols6
reduction in the incidence6
of hand hygiene practice6
in england and wales6
be incorporated into local6
both male and female6
practice of hand hygiene6
pathogens via the hands6
these recommendations are not6
are likely to be6
compared the use of6
a prospective cohort study6
neonatal intensive care units6
chlorhexidine gluconate in isopropyl6
analysis including the above6
reduce the transmission of6
current national and international6
additional evidence of acceptable6
it is recommended that6
acceptable quality whilst updating6
first global patient safety6
of hand hygiene agents6
number of articles located6
best critically appraised evidence6
at the insertion site6
hands and other surfaces6
explicitly linked to each6
of hospital infection s6
caring for patients with6
the assumption of personal6
on the basis of6
the incidence of infection6
prevent the spread of6
appraised evidence currently available6
the tips of the6
society for surgery of6
each recommendation is described6
the effectiveness of handwashing6
recommendations are not detailed6
in the neonatal intensive6
of an outbreak of6
of the effect of5
infection control and epidemiology5
source of an outbreak5
total viable cell count5
in vivo panel testing5
the recommendations are divided5
by means of the5
in health care facilities5
the evidence base for5
a central venous catheter5
in all blood groups5
can survive in the5
centre for health protection5
of health and medicine5
with regard to jurisdictional5
located abstract indicates that5
published maps and institutional5
the hospital infection control5
studies have shown that5
significant difference in the5
with a central venous5
the integrity of the5
articles located abstract indicates5
between hand hygiene and5
the health and safety5
for any contact with5
povidone iodine in alcohol5
the use of these5
the effectiveness of hand5
rejected after critical appraisal5
recommendations are divided into5
maps and institutional affiliations5
should be used for5
over a period of5
in the field of5
a greater number of5
from the previous guidelines5
hand hygiene practice and5
what is the evidence5
cant difference in the5
in the operating room5
at increased risk of5
transmission of infectious agents5
hands should be washed5
soiled or potentially contaminated5
the transmission of infectious5
the united states and5
feedback of compliance with5
alcohol gel as an5
the removal of gloves5
the risk for cr5
associated with use of5
with blood or body5
for removing bacteria from5
can reduce the risk5
hygiene compliance in patient5
plastic and reconstructive surgery5
application of chlorhexidine gluconate5
both the hands of5
the total viable cell5
are some of the5
jurisdictional claims in published5
to the development of5
retrieved from sift full5
a reduction in the5
hand hygiene compliance among5
effective for the prevention5
iodine in alcohol for5
alcohol for patients with5
the use of chg5
preventing the transmission of5
accepted after critical appraisal5
or potentially contaminated with5
the appropriate use of5
with sensitivity to chlorhexidine5
in the ra gathering5
of central venous catheter5
associated with extrinsic contamination5
n n n n5
ed one systematic review5
transmission of microorganisms to5
evidence for the effectiveness5
is no significant difference5
with extrinsic contamination of5
effectiveness of a hospital5
the risk of exposure5
hygiene and infection prevention5
national nosocomial infections surveillance5
in terms of reducing5
of studies rejected after5
preventing the spread of5
of the insertion site5
wide programme to improve5
model of public health5
that compared the use5
and feedback of compliance5
supplementary material associated with5
it is likely that5
hand hygiene compliance was5
in the reduction of5
a copy of the5
from sift full text5
is well established in5
the strength of the5
in alcohol for patients5
contrasted with the controls5
prevention of transmission of5
with this article can5
via hands and surfaces5
a concentration of v5
the two hand washing5
improving hand hygiene compliance5
hygiene practice in the5
springer nature remains neutral5
in published maps and5
between children and adults5
study that compared the5
guideline for isolation precautions5
in home and community5
this study was to5
for patients with sensitivity5
not need to be5
has been estimated to5
washing hands with soap5
urinary tract infection in5
the spread of covid5
soap and water for5
the risk of cross5
automated hand hygiene monitoring5
are assumed to occur5
forum on home hygiene5
concentration of v v5
children years of age5
with hand hygiene guidelines5
this article can be5
surfaces of the hand5
to the lack of5
regard to jurisdictional claims5
were included in the5
authors have no financial5
of studies accepted after5
two hand washing schemes5
healthcare epidemiology of america5
hygiene in reducing transmission5
are the most common5
the basic building blocks5
the efficacy of abhs5
previous guidelines have been5
infection control in health5
hand hygiene practices among5
with liquid soap and5
has been estimated that5
of chlorhexidine gluconate in5
the data presented in5
number of studies accepted5
reduces the number of5
the use of abhr5
the efficacy of alcohol5
a large proportion of5
patients with sensitivity to5
in reducing transmission of5
middle east respiratory syndrome5
ed a systematic review5
it has been estimated5
in terms of the5
declare that they have5
that hand hygiene practice5
the use of hand5
type ii diabetes mellitus5
to hand hygiene practice5
the british society for5
in the correct hand5
associated with this article5
the previous guidelines have5
for the effectiveness of5
in critically ill patients5
based guidelines for preventing5
after going to the5
article can be found5
in the hospital setting5
studies accepted after critical5
nature remains neutral with5
to prevent the spread5
it is possible to5
the prevention of hcai5
the causal link between5
in a teaching hospital5
the point of care5
material associated with this5
in the development of5
of cleaning and disinfection5
society for healthcare epidemiology5
number of studies rejected5
of hand hygiene procedures5
my moments for hand5
at that point the5
difference between the two5
behavioural considerations for hand5
on the use of5
in improving hand hygiene5
the risk of bacteriuria5
trained and competent in5
of articles located abstract5
use application of chlorhexidine5
of the importance of5
the hand hygiene compliance5
test method and requirements5
no conflicts of interest5
claims in published maps5
compliance in patient care5
to predict blood group5
be educated about the5
hospital infection control director5
for healthcare epidemiology of5
international scientific forum on5
hospital infection control practices5
considerations for hand hygiene5
can be used for5
use of alcohol hand5
binding sites in proteins5
neutral with regard to5
removing bacteria from washed5
direct contact with the5
to the spread of5
do not need to5
remains neutral with regard5
artificial fingernails worn by5
scientific forum on home5
on the frequency of5
effective hand hygiene practice5
infections in the home5
authors declare that they5
the hands of the5
protective equipment at work5
or povidone iodine in5
as shown in fig5
studies rejected after critical5
soaps and hand sanitizers5
transmission of pathogens from5
of hand hygiene compliance5
suggested that the use5
participants washed their hands5
the risk of hand5
the proteins of microbes5
impregnated central venous catheters5
there is no significant5
catheter and drainage system5
in blood bunch o5
it is well established5
evidence to suggest that5
in the online version5
there are a few5
been shown to increase5
of the fact that5
to practice hand hygiene5
the spread of the5
guidelines have been revised5
a causal link between5
age of an individual5
demonstrated a reduction in5
to jurisdictional claims in5
other morbidities and mortality4
review the continuing use4
has been suggested that4
handwashing with soap and4
infection in intensive care4
presented in this review4
from an infected person4
sexual orientation and blood4
the promotion of hand4
in the home who4
well established in number4
the most important and4
there is an association4
hand sanitizer use on4
gloves for single use4
use or prompt the4
the duration of handwashing4
reduction in gi illness4
as part of the4
hands of female patients4
and o in both4
is associated with the4
of liquid soap and4
and healthcare products regulatory4
support the appropriate use4
cases of infection and4
followed by use of4
there is evidence that4
stated in the label4
in accordance with the4
depends on the extent4
in the case of4
at the same time4
hand antisepsis in health4
of transmission of microorganisms4
appraisal total number of4
related bloodstream infections in4
distribution with a mean4
ancient eras and now4
are summarized in table4
has been used as4
follow a poisson distribution4
disposed of into the4
not included in the4
more than half of4
is not the case4
poisson distribution with a4
prompt the removal of4
of very low birth4
skin or mucous membranes4
a new recommendation has4
the content of this4
on the extent to4
in the left hands4
of compliance with practice4
is the most effective4
where there is a4
spectrum of antimicrobial activity4
is employed as a4
and the lack of4
the united states pharmacopeia4
the right hand and4
were most elevated in4
and the areas between4
known pathogen can survive4
sodium hypochlorite bleach and4
suspended in the air4
recommended hand hygiene practices4
following the removal of4
is likely to be4
in which there is4
the absence and presence4
the appropriate waste stream4
hygiene practices in hospitals4
been carried out in4
handwashing followed by use4
and ensure their timely4
contribute to the spread4
and back of the4
ensure their timely removal4
removed as soon as4
can be difficult to4
to their ability to4
to natural rubber latex4
strong hereditary basis and4
american college of obstetricians4
has also been shown4
and or colonisation when4
antisepsis in health care4
used from ancient eras4
also been shown to4
in the anesthesia work4
the risks associated with4
regarding the importance of4
compliance with practice guidelines4
for a minimum of4
the dictates of illness4
changes in skin related4
into contact with all4
of which have been4
to the management of4
impact of a hospital4
serratia marcescens in a4
of infection in the4
physiologic and microbiologic changes4
vomitus or faecal matter4
be associated with a4
an automated hand hygiene4
in accordance with local4
members of the public4
in the right hand4
with increased risk of4
there has been a4
when soap and water4
infection control infectious diseases4
hand washing and hand4
there was no significant4
is an association between4
related bloodstream infection rates4
and water are not4
assumed to occur independently4
where a new recommendation4
of infection associated with4
comprehensive strategy to reduce4
infections associated with the4
the quality of the4
infections in the intensive4
should be aware of4
the majority of our4
risk factors for nosocomial4
skin at the insertion4
lumen central venous catheters4
in a recent study4
been used as a4
the use of the4
or colonisation when a4
diagnostic aid used from4
reconstructive and aesthetic surgeons4
guidelines for environmental infection4
due to the fact4
the practice of hand4
nosocomial infection in neonates4
between the two groups4
hand hygiene campaign in4
transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis4
the average frequency of4
hand hygiene and the4
multimodal hand hygiene improvement4
e results showed that4
healthcare products regulatory agency4
for prevention of catheter4
were provided with a4
use of barrier precautions4
of diseases which have4
wash their hands after4
number of studies have4
personal protective equipment should4
of whorls and females4
significant difference between the4
as a diagnostic aid4
to occur independently of4
in the risk of4
a randomised controlled trial4
for patients in whom4
there are more than4
to support the appropriate4
of the hand hygiene4
workers to hand hygiene4
positive is the most4
a suspected or known4
the log reduction of4
a lower rate of4
control or cohort studies4
study of fingerprint patterns4
in light of the4
in number of diseases4
against a range of4
expected to remain in4
section discusses the evidence4
handling vomitus or faecal4
complications adverse events including4
infections in a neonatal4
use of hand sanitizers4
gloves in the prevention4
left hand of female4
after the outbreak of4
control infectious diseases society4
episode of direct patient4
of the intervention studies4
hand hygiene activities are4
adverse effects of disinfectants4
in blood bunch a4
scar scored by the4
is thought to be4
in conjunction with the4
causal link between hand4
the health impact of4
department of health and4
dermatoglyphics in rheumatoid arthritis4
for prevention of infection4
and related complications adverse4
achievable in young children4
the anesthesia work area4
hereditary basis and is4
log reduction compared with4
associated with a lower4
now it is well4
cumulative probability of infection4
prevention of nosocomial infections4
with local policies for4
hand hygiene improvement strategy4
calcium binding sites in4
microbiologic changes in skin4
dermatoglyphics as a diagnostic4
reduce the rate of4
critical increment in the4
and may not be4
established in number of4
healthcare workers should ensure4
be a source of4
independently of each other4
to the care of4
before eating or handling4
studies were conducted in4
the virucidal activity of4
low birth weight infants4
of respiratory syncytial virus4
healthcare workers to hand4
the type of loop4
infection and or colonisation4
have been used to4
personal protective equipment at4
causal link between handwashing4
to the tips of4
hand washing is performed4
orientation and blood gathering4
female patients contrasted with4
fingerprint minutiae patterns of4
be rubbed together vigorously4
sodium hypochlorite bleach with4
be left in place4
for patients experiencing rheumatoid4
been shown to reduce4
appropriate use and management4
of large numbers of4
direct patient contact or4
hand hygiene behaviour in4
normal daily activities and4
from one person to4
outbreak associated with extrinsic4
basis and is employed4
for environmental infection control4
continuing use or prompt4
and is employed as4
improve hand hygiene in4
hands are visibly dirty4
a small number of4
are shown in table4
the scar scored by4
the outbreak of covid4
the international scientific forum4
accordance with local policies4
associated with a reduction4
of randomised controlled trials4
back of the hand4
a comprehensive strategy to4
virucidal activity of a4
for isolation precautions in4
no conflict of interest4
cluster randomised controlled trial4
between hand contamination and4
survive in the environment4
occupational safety and health4
skin irritation and dryness4
hand hygiene among healthcare4
college of obstetricians and4
the most commonly used4
the potential for transmission4
for preventing the transmission4
may not be as4
was estimated to be4
blood gathering of a4
five moments for hand4
determine the efficacy of4
of type diabetic patients4
by boyce and pittet4
of plastic and reconstructive4
a randomized clinical trial4
an assessment of the4
resulted in transfer of4
be worn where there4
in the rate of4
eras and now it4
consideration should be given4
a method for screening4
the spread of respiratory4
for screening for abnormal4
environmental contamination may contribute4
the nature of the4
loops were the most4
it is worth noting4
contact with blood or4
of hand cleansing with4
may contribute to the4
and surface disinfection frequency4
new recommendation has been4
examination of the evidence4
studies are needed to4
in a number of4
the areas between the4
related complications adverse events4
medical gloves for single4
of microorganisms from the4
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