bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
type i	4852
immune response	2815
innate immune	2493
immune responses	2222
virus infection	2101
i ifn	2069
nk cells	1932
respiratory syndrome	1904
dendritic cells	1720
infected cells	1457
gene expression	1446
immune system	1423
influenza virus	1323
i interferon	1305
viral infection	1243
acute respiratory	1117
epithelial cells	1117
viral replication	1051
peripheral blood	1048
virus replication	1027
innate immunity	1016
cell lines	1004
viral infections	1000
viral rna	964
cell line	935
severe acute	896
flow cytometry	854
cell responses	810
antiviral activity	796
bone marrow	791
inflammatory cytokines	787
syndrome coronavirus	763
cd cd	753
chronic hepatitis	752
like receptor	745
respiratory syncytial	739
stranded rna	732
syncytial virus	721
cell death	716
nk cell	709
class i	687
amino acid	661
antiviral response	656
porcine reproductive	652
respiratory tract	651
class ii	650
lymph nodes	640
natural killer	639
i ifns	626
significantly higher	625
signaling pathway	617
important role	612
syndrome virus	609
necrosis factor	600
ifn signaling	593
inflammatory response	588
type iii	579
ifn production	579
ng ml	578
mg kg	568
adaptive immune	563
mononuclear cells	550
cell proliferation	545
rna viruses	544
mhc class	538
cell types	535
ifn response	532
control group	530
herpes simplex	527
present study	524
transcription factor	510
regulatory factor	508
immune cells	506
cytokine production	502
like receptors	496
mrna expression	486
specific cd	484
cell activation	484
simplex virus	477
viral load	470
high levels	455
healthy controls	454
nitric oxide	453
results suggest	452
growth factor	450
protein kinase	447
doc id	445
cord uid	445
infected mice	436
multiple sclerosis	435
hbv dna	433
cell surface	432
pg ml	431
blood mononuclear	430
type ii	429
virus infections	429
middle east	422
interferon regulatory	418
signaling pathways	416
transcription factors	416
nervous system	415
mbl levels	413
tumor necrosis	412
mouse model	409
monoclonal antibody	407
endothelial cells	407
cell culture	406
east respiratory	402
adaptive immunity	402
ebola virus	398
clinical trials	385
results indicate	380
host cell	378
viral proteins	377
antiviral responses	375
pattern recognition	375
nucleic acid	374
west nile	372
deficient mice	369
cell response	368
central nervous	368
time points	367
protein expression	367
virus type	361
cellular immune	361
time pcr	359
expression levels	358
signal transduction	358
cd cells	355
ifn induction	353
proinflammatory cytokines	351
mg ml	350
stimulated genes	350
i interferons	350
host defense	339
nile virus	337
data suggest	335
significantly increased	332
previously described	331
fever virus	330
poly i	329
dependent manner	328
inflammatory responses	326
dengue virus	325
hepatitis virus	323
ex vivo	322
hcv rna	321
disease virus	321
infected patients	319
may also	316
ns protein	315
sendai virus	314
blood samples	312
disease severity	312
th cells	310
plasmacytoid dendritic	309
wt mice	308
sars coronavirus	307
amino acids	305
critical role	302
monoclonal antibodies	301
severe covid	298
cd expression	297
performed using	297
inflammatory cytokine	296
hepatocellular carcinoma	296
animal models	295
infectious diseases	295
complement activation	294
cell subsets	293
recognition receptors	293
nonstructural protein	289
clinical trial	289
cov infection	288
interferon signaling	284
cancer cell	284
determine whether	282
binding protein	280
binding lectin	280
host immune	280
interferon production	278
interferon response	277
higher levels	276
side effects	275
innate antiviral	274
iga protease	273
increased levels	272
cells may	272
wild type	271
respiratory viruses	271
mrna levels	269
mouse hepatitis	268
cells infected	267
alpha beta	266
two groups	264
previous studies	264
patients receiving	263
statistically significant	263
antibody responses	263
neutralizing antibodies	262
hcv infection	262
whole blood	262
significantly reduced	261
alveolar macrophages	261
influenza viruses	261
coronavirus infection	260
host innate	258
taken together	256
mammalian cells	256
nuclear translocation	256
significant differences	255
significantly lower	255
clinical signs	255
encephalitis virus	254
total rna	254
host cells	252
antiviral signaling	250
liver disease	250
mice infected	248
rna virus	248
antiviral state	248
protein synthesis	246
iga antibody	244
viral clearance	243
vaccinia virus	243
rv infection	243
mg dl	243
western blot	243
target cells	241
epithelial cell	241
myeloid cells	240
killer cells	240
lung injury	239
jak stat	239
nucleic acids	239
antiviral immunity	238
described previously	237
rna replication	237
dendritic cell	237
healthy individuals	237
stem cell	236
i signaling	236
rsv infection	234
immunodeficiency virus	234
risk factors	234
presenting cells	234
stat signaling	232
significant increase	231
antigen presentation	230
iii ifns	230
mouth disease	230
cell type	229
lymph node	229
beta interferon	229
cell receptor	228
significant difference	227
antiviral effect	225
like domain	224
highly pathogenic	224
liver transplantation	224
results showed	223
antiviral therapy	223
stem cells	223
blood donors	222
cytokine storm	222
recent studies	222
well plates	222
stimulated gene	220
rheumatoid arthritis	219
induced ifn	217
activated macrophages	216
cytokine responses	216
increased expression	216
genes involved	215
interferon alpha	215
influenza infection	215
killer cell	214
iu ml	214
hela cells	214
rift valley	214
mediated antiviral	213
specific antibodies	213
immune evasion	212
valley fever	210
lower respiratory	210
positive cells	209
results demonstrate	209
human cells	208
iav infection	208
western blotting	208
virus ns	207
iii ifn	207
breast cancer	207
copies ml	206
human ifn	205
binding site	204
novel coronavirus	204
respiratory distress	203
may play	203
endoplasmic reticulum	203
vesicular stomatitis	202
cell cycle	201
tumour necrosis	201
respiratory infections	200
adverse events	200
rna polymerase	200
molecular mechanisms	199
porcine epidemic	199
diarrhea virus	199
previously reported	199
ifn responses	199
i molecules	198
cell function	198
like protease	198
antibody response	198
bl mice	197
autoimmune diseases	197
airway epithelial	196
immune signaling	194
blood cells	194
structural proteins	194
disease progression	193
airway inflammation	193
stat pathway	193
antiviral innate	192
inhibitory effect	192
host response	192
cell cultures	192
combination therapy	192
low levels	192
cell epitopes	191
protective immunity	190
ubiquitin ligase	190
viral protein	189
lateral flow	189
mice immunized	188
recombinant human	188
stomatitis virus	188
tumor cells	187
antiviral activities	187
prrsv infection	187
retinoic acid	186
protein levels	184
lactic acid	183
liver failure	183
case report	183
may contribute	182
inducible gene	182
tract infections	182
protease activity	181
alternatively activated	181
pivotal role	180
also found	180
tumour cells	179
hbv infection	179
rhinovirus infection	179
differentially expressed	178
surface expression	178
also observed	178
human immunodeficiency	178
inflammatory mediators	178
adhesion molecules	177
oral mucosa	177
chronic inflammatory	177
cancer cells	177
th responses	176
adaptor protein	176
epidemic diarrhea	176
mhc i	176
nuclear factor	175
immune cell	175
pulmonary fibrosis	175
room temperature	175
major histocompatibility	175
avian influenza	174
severe disease	173
luciferase reporter	173
cell differentiation	173
escherichia coli	173
proliferating cells	173
patients treated	172
recent study	172
acid bacteria	172
cytosolic dna	172
human collectins	171
inflammatory cells	171
septic shock	171
crystal structure	171
key role	171
lectin pathway	170
bacterial infections	170
united states	170
intracellular ifn	169
critically ill	169
liver cirrhosis	169
reverse transcription	169
antiviral effects	168
rlr signaling	167
ifn treatment	167
clinical studies	166
lung function	166
antiviral immune	166
distress syndrome	166
apoptotic cells	166
interferon induction	166
stat phosphorylation	165
body weight	165
dc maturation	164
lower levels	164
vero cells	163
mediated immune	163
vascular endothelial	162
two patients	162
healthy donors	161
increased risk	161
negatively regulates	161
type ifn	161
hcv replication	161
acute phase	160
histocompatibility complex	160
coronavirus disease	160
dna vaccine	159
healthy volunteers	159
cell cytotoxicity	159
may therefore	159
induced apoptosis	158
mean age	158
activated protein	157
data indicate	157
increased susceptibility	156
upper respiratory	156
time point	155
lupus erythematosus	155
receptor signaling	155
university hospital	154
proinflammatory cytokine	153
virus nonstructural	153
systemic lupus	153
major role	153
intensive care	153
one patient	153
cell populations	152
th th	152
molecular patterns	151
viral titers	151
risk factor	151
human interferon	151
human lung	151
neutralizing antibody	151
phase i	151
human blood	151
analyzed using	151
interferon gamma	151
days post	151
cytokine response	151
respiratory viral	151
also known	151
serum levels	150
closely related	150
receptor expression	150
viral genome	150
spike protein	150
may lead	149
cells expressing	149
findings suggest	149
human peripheral	149
culture supernatants	148
clinical use	148
vitro stimulation	148
bovine serum	147
cytokine levels	147
white blood	147
mediated signaling	147
viral entry	147
immune activation	147
producing cells	147
associated molecular	146
persistent infection	146
staphylococcus aureus	146
transplant recipients	146
treated mice	145
statistical analysis	145
surface markers	145
negative feedback	145
commercially available	145
fold change	145
binding assays	145
monocytes macrophages	145
chain reaction	144
first line	144
independent experiments	144
nkt cells	144
three times	144
protective effect	143
listeria monocytogenes	143
mediated ifn	143
mouse models	143
two different	142
proteome analysis	142
mycobacterium tuberculosis	141
life cycle	141
host factors	141
derived macrophages	141
infectious virus	141
infectious disease	141
cell development	141
following infection	141
primary immunodeficiency	141
graft survival	140
ear skin	140
crucial role	140
weight loss	140
combined immunodeficiency	140
family members	140
japanese encephalitis	140
transgenic mice	140
animal model	140
single nucleotide	140
tlr signaling	140
control donors	139
significantly decreased	139
gut flora	139
human rhinovirus	139
peptide antigens	139
ifn expression	139
virus titers	138
findings indicate	138
specific immune	138
public health	138
cells showed	138
polymerase chain	138
autologous bacteria	138
systematic review	138
respiratory virus	138
serine protease	138
dna viruses	138
irf activation	138
specific antibody	137
lactobacillus spp	137
immune dysregulation	137
ifn species	137
humoural responses	137
common cold	137
cancer patients	137
ms patients	137
inflammatory diseases	136
high mbl	136
control animals	136
effector cells	136
corresponding hc	136
structural protein	136
mediated immunity	136
mouse ifn	135
tissue damage	135
i expression	135
tissue culture	135
analysed using	135
may help	135
sequence homology	135
pedv nsp	135
lactobacillus acidophilus	134
infection may	133
human recombinant	133
blot analysis	133
patients infected	133
intestinal epithelial	133
induce ifn	133
different time	132
sentinel lymph	132
related lipoproteins	132
strand rna	132
ill patients	132
abstract case	132
report text	132
growth factors	131
cytokine profile	131
lung disease	131
central role	131
antigen presenting	131
oxide synthase	131
oligoadenylate synthetase	131
recombinant ifn	131
isg expression	131
control groups	130
interferon responses	130
human coronavirus	130
results show	130
macrophage activation	130
downstream signaling	130
host antiviral	130
survival rate	130
ifn receptor	130
oxidative stress	130
gene products	129
measles virus	129
long term	129
transforming growth	129
rabies virus	129
lung tissue	129
adverse effects	129
hla class	128
endothelial growth	128
patients received	128
heat shock	128
gene transcription	128
several studies	128
highly conserved	127
microarray analysis	127
cytokines il	127
mhv infection	127
human respiratory	127
cohort study	127
binding domain	127
quantitative real	127
studies will	127
first time	127
iii interferon	127
reactive oxygen	126
dna vaccination	126
signaling cascade	126
th response	126
treated cells	126
mast cells	126
organ failure	126
cell count	126
fusion protein	126
primary human	125
large number	125
binding proteins	125
cd ra	125
open reading	125
antiviral defense	125
cells via	125
patients compared	125
viral loads	125
serum samples	124
years old	124
bd biosciences	124
humoral immune	124
signal transducer	124
may provide	124
borne encephalitis	124
dna sensing	123
previously shown	123
sars patients	123
allergic rhinitis	123
liver biopsy	123
preliminary results	123
asthma exacerbations	123
immune complexes	122
colorectal cancer	122
culture medium	122
ifn regulatory	122
alveolar epithelial	122
type mice	121
derived dendritic	121
infected pigs	121
rna helicase	121
swine fever	121
chronic hcv	121
regression analysis	120
bacterial infection	120
infection induces	120
gene therapy	120
cell population	120
clinical symptoms	120
essential role	120
transfected cells	120
nipah virus	120
cells treated	119
rna interference	119
antiviral drugs	119
cell growth	119
cell lysates	119
high dose	119
differential expression	119
specific ifn	119
different cell	119
hemorrhagic fever	118
human monocytes	118
weaned pigs	118
vitro studies	118
stimulating factor	118
authors declare	118
positive patients	118
plasma membrane	118
well tolerated	118
bronchoalveolar lavage	117
murine coronavirus	117
mortality rate	117
acute viral	117
protein inhibits	117
significantly different	117
mechanisms underlying	117
flow cytometric	117
fold higher	117
infected animals	117
igg antibodies	117
mitochondrial antiviral	117
treatment group	117
weeks post	116
plasma cells	116
naturally occurring	116
assay using	116
produce ifn	116
future studies	116
i response	116
significant reduction	116
similar results	116
bronchial asthma	116
acute rejection	115
rna synthesis	115
molecular weight	115
ifn system	115
healthy blood	115
antigen expression	115
expression profiles	114
serine proteases	114
spinal cord	114
pedv infection	114
negative regulator	114
th phenotype	114
virus rna	114
acid residues	114
chronic liver	113
mice compared	113
clinical features	113
ii cytokine	113
controlled trial	113
tumour cell	113
results will	113
acute lung	113
acute infection	112
cell entry	112
proteasomal degradation	112
empty vector	112
even though	112
nucleotide polymorphisms	112
human monoclonal	112
genomic rna	111
cell signaling	111
protease inhibitor	111
complement activity	111
using flow	111
least one	111
response towards	111
protein level	111
real time	110
complement system	110
parainfluenza virus	110
analysis revealed	110
investigated whether	110
early stage	110
post infection	110
cytokine release	109
cov nsp	109
virus entry	109
gel electrophoresis	109
severe combined	109
alpha interferon	109
tlr ligands	109
human cytomegalovirus	108
investigate whether	108
promoter activity	108
type diabetes	108
cytokine signaling	108
many viruses	108
ii expression	108
lung epithelial	108
currently investigating	108
antiviral treatment	108
yellow fever	108
lymphocytic choriomeningitis	108
cytokine secretion	108
iga antibodies	108
recently identified	108
mice lacking	108
statistical significance	107
autoimmune encephalomyelitis	107
patients showed	107
cd bright	107
significantly elevated	107
persistently infected	107
elevated levels	107
sting pathway	107
regulated genes	106
expression level	106
angelica tenuissima	106
cellular immunity	106
viral persistence	106
stat activation	106
interferon receptor	106
pss patients	106
previous study	106
luciferase activity	106
cellular proteins	106
special emphasis	106
cell transplantation	106
mast cell	106
ii ifn	105
converting enzyme	105
cells express	105
remains unclear	105
plasma levels	105
liver injury	105
cysteine protease	105
mass spectrometry	105
cells transfected	104
recurrent infections	104
i production	104
specific cytotoxic	104
memory cd	104
immunized mice	104
target bacteria	104
barr virus	104
clonally expanded	104
wide range	104
three different	104
fold increase	104
serum albumin	104
oral carcinoma	104
cell reactivity	104
tenuissima nakai	103
nucleocapsid protein	103
signaling protein	103
significantly associated	103
cell activity	103
melanoma differentiation	103
dairy cows	103
virus strain	103
goat anti	103
high level	103
binding regions	102
weak il	102
inflammatory bowel	102
virus particles	102
chb patients	102
high amounts	102
ectopic gc	102
negative regulators	102
serum mbl	102
normal mucosa	102
mbl double	102
mbl genotypes	102
applied biosystems	102
wnv infection	102
feedback regulation	102
clinical data	102
liver transplant	102
three groups	102
negative regulation	102
normal human	101
high risk	101
pegylated interferon	101
associated protein	101
secondary antibody	101
knockout mice	101
bioinformatics tools	101
peritoneal macrophages	101
protein microarrays	101
vaccine development	101
bronchial epithelial	101
antibody microarrays	101
fusion proteins	101
reading frame	101
inflammatory effects	101
effector functions	100
oxygen species	100
ko mice	100
pulmonary disease	100
study showed	100
negative bacteria	100
studies using	100
chronic viral	100
cell counts	100
plasmodium falciparum	100
liver fibrosis	100
cell membrane	100
cytokine tumour	100
global proteome	100
buffered saline	99
cytokine expression	99
bacterial antigen	99
transduced eph	99
time rt	99
gamma interferon	99
sense rna	99
mbl masp	99
macrophage galactose	99
recently reported	99
database system	99
bacteria lactobacillus	99
ifitm proteins	99
specific ctl	99
specific igg	99
hla supertypes	99
mice treated	99
induced activation	99
zika virus	98
analysis showed	98
replication cycle	98
hematopoietic stem	98
mice showed	98
liver function	98
lysis buffer	98
plaque assay	98
experimental autoimmune	98
endothelial cell	97
autoimmune disease	97
single amino	97
cells using	97
median age	97
viral respiratory	97
stress granule	97
mechanical ventilation	97
signaling proteins	97
host responses	97
suckling pigs	97
ifn therapy	96
ifn lambda	96
uninfected cells	96
terminal domain	96
vaccine candidates	96
binding sites	96
cells within	96
viral hepatitis	96
lactobacillus rhamnosus	96
potential role	96
experimental infection	96
family history	96
coronavirus replication	96
adaptor molecules	96
reporter gene	96
inhibits type	95
vp protein	95
clinical manifestations	95
fetal bovine	95
negative control	95
prospective study	94
bowel disease	94
adhesion molecule	94
tyrosine kinase	94
nlrp inflammasome	94
ctl activity	94
five patients	94
cellular response	94
classical swine	94
tract infection	94
one study	94
allergic airway	94
prrsv nsp	94
three independent	94
hiv infection	94
much higher	94
another study	94
antibodies specific	94
treated group	93
chronic obstructive	93
structural basis	93
renal function	93
independent manner	93
genes encoding	93
live attenuated	93
low dose	93
among patients	93
tumor growth	93
dna damage	93
rna degradation	93
receptor binding	92
progenitor cells	92
virus clearance	92
life technologies	92
viral particles	92
specific primers	92
ebov infection	92
gene i	92
measured using	92
interferon beta	92
human disease	92
cell mediated	92
cell migration	92
antiviral agents	92
respiratory disease	92
human dendritic	92
poorly understood	92
th cytokines	91
core protein	91
immune function	91
type cytokines	91
high affinity	91
respiratory failure	91
virus production	91
pseudomonas aeruginosa	91
major source	91
inflammatory disease	91
rhamnosus gg	90
day post	90
like protein	90
studies showed	90
protective role	90
doublestranded rna	90
data demonstrate	90
large amounts	90
will allow	90
inducible nitric	90
response rates	90
inhibit ifn	90
smooth muscle	89
human papillomavirus	89
obstructive pulmonary	89
reverse transcriptase	89
infected cell	89
clinical course	89
studies suggest	89
multiple organ	89
target genes	88
first year	88
dub activity	88
positive control	88
linked immunosorbent	88
virus inhibits	88
receptor complex	88
cell lymphoma	88
expressed genes	88
possible role	88
total number	88
surface antigen	88
biological activity	88
acid substitution	88
studies revealed	88
idiopathic pulmonary	88
mm tris	87
irf phosphorylation	87
per well	87
determined using	87
inhibitory effects	87
lung pathology	87
log copies	87
serum hbv	87
phase ii	87
cancer treatment	87
beneficial effects	87
cytokine receptor	86
fisher scientific	86
apoptotic cell	86
murine model	86
marginal zone	86
primary cells	86
streptococcus pneumoniae	86
expression pattern	86
inflammasome activation	86
mediated activation	86
may cause	86
copy number	86
patients presented	86
dna sensor	86
reactive protein	85
regulatory factors	85
accessory proteins	85
virological response	85
firefly luciferase	85
regional lymph	85
host protein	85
phosphorylated stat	85
viral mrna	85
cell viability	85
virus vaccine	85
cells play	85
dependent rna	85
cell numbers	85
viral pathogenesis	85
also showed	85
data show	84
lopinavir ritonavir	84
induces apoptosis	84
viral diseases	84
clinical characteristics	84
human airway	84
induced type	84
lactate dehydrogenase	84
study group	84
tlr expression	84
inkt cells	84
interferon lambda	84
carcinoma cell	84
nonstructural proteins	84
patients without	84
translation initiation	84
better understanding	84
treated patients	84
kindly provided	83
less pronounced	83
control mice	83
human cd	83
thermo fisher	83
encephalomyocarditis virus	83
cancer immunotherapy	83
otitis media	83
human macrophages	83
lung cancer	83
low level	83
nuclear localization	83
expressing cells	83
hek cells	83
iii interferons	83
survival rates	83
immunol doi	83
infected individuals	82
cpg dna	82
nuclear import	82
human metapneumovirus	82
respiratory symptoms	82
viral evasion	82
cell infiltration	82
widely used	82
protein content	82
brain barrier	82
mediated inhibition	82
pathogen recognition	82
cells decreased	82
cell apoptosis	82
severe influenza	82
current study	82
exome sequencing	82
three patients	82
induces type	82
kinase pkr	82
experimental rhinovirus	82
gene induction	82
stranded dna	82
highly sensitive	82
virus vp	82
dna binding	81
induced antiviral	81
significant decrease	81
subsequent development	81
world health	81
mediated degradation	81
poor prognosis	81
initiation factor	81
lymphocyte subsets	81
cytopathic effect	80
subunit vaccine	80
rhesus macaques	80
target proteins	80
viral antigens	80
different species	80
zoster virus	80
may explain	80
kidney transplant	80
wound healing	80
orally administered	80
recombinant protein	80
endou activity	80
promoter region	80
suppressor cells	80
may represent	80
also used	80
san diego	80
two distinct	80
signaling molecules	79
transmissible gastroenteritis	79
final concentration	79
derived peptides	79
high viral	79
convalescent plasma	79
care unit	79
transcriptional activation	79
higher risk	79
broad spectrum	79
genomic dna	79
ns proteins	79
hospitalized patients	79
different types	79
also induces	79
two major	79
human nk	79
bladder cancer	79
spectrum antiviral	79
th immune	79
tnf production	79
cell functions	79
immune deficiency	79
signaling cascades	79
hcv core	79
early stages	79
virus infected	79
cord blood	78
serum il	78
binding kinase	78
induced cell	78
virus strains	78
mrna vaccines	78
membrane protein	78
protein production	78
cystic fibrosis	78
peptide epitopes	78
viral antigen	78
oligoadenylate synthetases	78
maturation markers	78
related molecules	78
dependent innate	78
commensal bacteria	78
potential therapeutic	78
infectious complications	78
oral administration	78
psoriatic skin	78
showed increased	78
increased production	78
peptide ligands	78
recent years	78
antitumor activity	78
blood monocytes	78
activation state	78
gene family	78
genetic background	78
virus titer	78
also evaluated	78
fully understood	77
factor alpha	77
associated coronavirus	77
release assay	77
complement components	77
results indicated	77
induced asthma	77
drug resistance	77
dna level	77
supplementary material	77
nude mice	77
costimulatory molecule	77
dna construct	77
transcriptional activity	77
isg conjugation	77
lymphoid cells	77
mediated protection	77
splenic cd	77
rna genome	77
nsp protein	77
cell immunity	77
adoptive transfer	77
chronic hbv	77
within days	77
high concentrations	77
membrane fusion	77
found among	77
control cells	77
viral dna	76
pylori infection	76
general hospital	76
defense mechanisms	76
sindbis virus	76
peer review	76
adult mice	76
capsid protein	76
terminal part	76
antigen processing	76
induced expression	76
coronavirus nsp	76
north american	76
immune modulation	76
clinical disease	76
costimulatory molecules	76
odds ratio	76
well known	76
may result	76
cells compared	76
also reported	75
humoral immunity	75
culture media	75
dependent protein	75
chikungunya virus	75
interferon gene	75
based vaccines	75
highly significant	75
therapeutic approach	75
will also	75
induced release	75
mhc ii	75
target cell	75
leukemia virus	75
molecular basis	75
kg day	75
tissue injury	75
clinical outcome	75
standard deviation	75
ifn pathway	75
regulatory role	75
viral genomes	75
increased significantly	75
human gut	75
immune status	75
mouse igg	75
stress granules	75
largely unknown	74
basic protein	74
interstitial pneumonia	74
important roles	74
recognition molecules	74
induced arthritis	74
coronavirus papain	74
first step	74
antibody fragments	74
renilla luciferase	74
related genes	74
lung inflammation	74
activate nk	74
cell layer	74
may indicate	74
peptides spanning	74
nuclear export	74
tlr agonist	74
hong kong	74
murine ifn	74
toxoplasma gondii	74
constitutively expressed	74
full length	74
logistic regression	74
blood flow	74
national institute	74
immunomodulatory therapies	74
fl fl	74
increased viral	74
multivariate analysis	73
rantes expression	73
complex class	73
severe cases	73
two types	73
dust mite	73
blood cell	73
per group	73
demyelinating disease	73
mg bd	73
cells derived	73
cellular antiviral	73
viral nucleic	73
marrow transplantation	73
human il	73
vaccine design	73
dna levels	73
cell sorting	73
virus induces	73
single cell	73
spleen cells	73
peptide pools	73
direct effect	73
host proteins	73
santa cruz	73
immature dcs	73
molecular markers	73
may influence	73
also demonstrated	73
atopic dermatitis	72
interferon stimulated	72
rna recognition	72
septic patients	72
memory cells	72
produce il	72
eae induction	72
inhibits ifn	72
fluticasone propionate	72
pcr analysis	72
cultured cells	72
factor receptor	72
commonly used	72
increasing evidence	72
coli lps	72
diabetes mellitus	72
molecular mechanism	72
ko animals	72
mechanisms involved	72
lymphoid tissues	72
vascular complications	72
mesenchymal stem	71
sybr green	71
significantly inhibited	71
mortality rates	71
large panel	71
high degree	71
postoperative infections	71
reactive lymphocytes	71
allergic asthma	71
sars cov	71
chronic infection	71
contact sensitivity	71
considered statistically	71
elispot assay	71
time course	71
bacterial strains	71
pulmonary tb	71
type lectins	71
antibody titers	71
patients undergoing	71
specific immunity	71
protein microarray	71
study demonstrated	71
will address	71
severe respiratory	71
increasingly used	71
also significantly	71
lymphoid organs	71
constitutive expression	71
antiviral genes	71
mxa protein	71
proteins may	71
protease domains	71
tlr adaptor	71
vaccine candidate	71
lcm virus	70
nadph oxidase	70
randomized clinical	70
chronic inflammation	70
sfsv nss	70
well established	70
family member	70
clinical outcomes	70
signal peptide	70
positive correlation	70
final visit	70
cyclic gmp	70
mediated type	70
viral spread	70
previously demonstrated	70
derived antigens	70
ifn genes	70
solid supports	70
data provide	70
therapeutic potential	70
one hand	70
shock protein	70
results obtained	70
mediated innate	70
young children	70
data presented	70
also play	70
infected cats	70
respiratory illness	70
tlr stimulation	70
tnf receptor	70
also shown	70
pilot study	70
therapeutic strategies	70
gene transfer	70
stimulated response	69
standard operating	69
quantitative rt	69
viral rnas	69
hcv genotype	69
independent pathways	69
specific cellular	69
regression model	69
zone macrophages	69
choriomeningitis virus	69
cytokine environment	69
dm patients	69
proteolytic cleavage	69
clinical improvement	69
chemokine expression	69
provide new	69
transplant patients	69
focus score	69
low tnf	69
mt mt	69
induced il	69
transduced cell	69
antibody production	69
scale clinical	69
myelin basic	69
induce apoptosis	69
antiviral action	69
interferon genes	69
malarial antigen	69
infected macrophages	69
gastric juice	69
receptor antagonist	69
bifidobacterium spp	69
mbl gene	69
cd foxp	69
serum resistance	69
kidney cells	69
higher level	69
associated serine	69
production induced	69
recall stimulation	69
predisposing factor	68
human mnsod	68
clinical response	68
ingested probiotics	68
children living	68
macrovascular complications	68
aureus serotypes	68
antiviral neutralization	68
mediated opsonophagocytosis	68
ics alone	68
tcr vb	68
hydrophobic interaction	68
including ingested	68
igg levels	68
rna levels	68
potentially immunogenic	68
expression profiling	68
lncbst bispr	68
pylori igg	68
monitor patients	68
seroimmunological phenotype	68
mt phenotype	68
cytotoxicity increased	68
cirrhotic patients	68
currently trying	68
induced rantes	68
ra patients	68
versus mg	68
unstimulated cd	68
normoalbuminuric group	68
negatively regulate	68
laboratory information	68
double ko	68
cd ro	68
mbl ko	68
cytolytic activity	68
protected rats	68
five putative	68
associated gene	68
igg caga	68
persons working	68
dietary vitamin	68
rna binding	68
normal colon	68
microbial surfaces	68
pneumoniae serotypes	68
cell depletion	68
analysis using	68
hyperbaric exposure	68
liver tissue	68
mbp antibodies	68
ige levels	68
adaptor proteins	68
colon mucosa	68
normal range	68
response element	68
mbl pathway	68
type interferon	68
responsiveness ex	68
health organization	68
activate complement	68
mt ratio	68
sows fed	68
noise threshold	68
peptide mapping	68
pressurized chamber	68
inducible costimulator	68
mt cells	68
recently demonstrated	68
ae sem	67
predicted binding	67
healthy control	67
either ifn	67
treg cells	67
induced genes	67
derived dcs	67
skin lesions	67
gastroenteritis virus	67
cellular stress	67
blood leucocytes	67
laborious titrations	67
higher incidence	67
bioavailability varies	67
well plate	67
bat cells	67
require laborious	67
unique possibility	67
novel markers	67
red blood	67
assays require	67
hla supertype	67
ifn biologicals	67
micro flora	67
enhanced ifn	67
carried using	67
hours post	67
induced complement	67
acute hepatitis	67
experimental group	67
may induce	67
ifnar fl	67
early phase	67
membrane depolarization	67
better reporter	67
clinical practice	67
innate response	67
titrations making	67
conjugated anti	67
cytokine profiles	67
colon cancer	67
operating procedures	67
sarcoid origin	66
lung tissues	66
macrophages elicited	66
lavage fluid	66
helicobacter pylori	66
also induced	66
cutaneous lymphocyteassociated	66
sentinel nodes	66
highthroughput global	66
interaction chromatography	66
mammalian cytokine	66
intercellular contact	66
novel allergen	66
svegfr concentrations	66
containing ic	66
quantitative pcr	66
invertebrate pattern	66
nonsentinel lymph	66
macrophage inflammatory	66
activating enzyme	66
acid sequence	66
qbc peptides	66
linked glycosylation	66
allergen carriers	66
viral pathogens	66
venous blood	66
specific nucleotidyl	66
unstimulated cells	66
recognition molecule	66
different lab	66
interferon antagonist	66
microarrays will	66
boost vaccinations	66
tumour extract	66
major cause	66
obtain tumour	66
times higher	66
antitumour response	66
affect nk	66
plasma svegf	66
soluble vascular	66
generation anns	66
svegfr release	66
homing cutaneous	66
rpe cells	66
qbc experiment	66
mbl concentration	66
laboratory notebooks	66
masp activity	66
cells stimulated	66
preoperative mbl	66
janus kinase	66
meld score	66
bacterial stimulation	66
variant tumour	66
vascular permeability	66
total igg	66
rich data	66
enriched ann	66
ficolin ml	66
acquired immunity	66
lymphocyteassociated antigen	66
mblassociated serine	66
hyperimmunized mice	66
hsv infection	66
database solution	66
evasion strategies	66
ifnar signaling	66
cell survival	65
salivary glands	65
expression analysis	65
single dose	65
magnetic beads	65
ifit mice	65
increased ifn	65
direct antiviral	65
also inhibit	65
mammalian cell	65
control subjects	65
renal transplant	65
mrna level	65
hepg cells	65
creative commons	65
randomly selected	65
using anti	65
potent antiviral	65
cells also	65
hendra virus	65
differences among	65
mm nacl	65
cells increased	65
graft loss	65
mrna translation	65
also increased	65
virologic response	65
inflammatory monocytes	65
mice deficient	65
map kinase	65
viral shedding	65
important implications	65
newcastle disease	65
previous reports	64
may allow	64
tlr activation	64
activity may	64
cd th	64
national institutes	64
positive selection	64
patient groups	64
synthetic peptides	64
effector memory	64
protective immune	64
directed mutagenesis	64
receptor signalling	64
antiviral drug	64
th cell	64
chemokine receptor	64
units ml	64
plasma samples	64
disease activity	64
virus challenge	64
adult patients	64
infectious bronchitis	64
evidence suggests	64
induced gene	64
genes associated	64
serum alt	64
one year	64
vast majority	64
seven days	64
data analysis	64
immunological responses	64
expression patterns	64
cd dim	63
months post	63
may serve	63
dose dependent	63
influenza vaccine	63
binding region	63
increased cd	63
host gene	63
group i	63
tlr agonists	63
type immune	63
saudi arabia	63
vivo studies	63
research institute	63
also examined	63
immune mechanisms	63
granulomatous disease	63
cell suspensions	63
programmed cell	63
plasmid dna	63
respiratory infection	63
cpg odn	63
inducible protein	63
cutting edge	63
rna species	63
pfu ml	63
cell adhesion	63
th cytokine	63
last decade	63
treated animals	63
i activation	63
interferon antiviral	63
primary infection	62
four patients	62
low expression	62
cov replication	62
semliki forest	62
huh cells	62
therapeutic agents	62
protein translation	62
coronavirus infections	62
observation period	62
also expressed	62
small interfering	62
rabbit anti	62
also detected	62
secreting cells	62
induce expression	62
coding regions	62
nucleotide sequence	62
analysis reveals	62
still unclear	62
associated factor	62
dependent pathway	62
feline interferon	62
mediated apoptosis	62
survival time	62
binding affinity	62
different viruses	62
medical microbiology	62
million people	62
cellular responses	62
detection limit	62
supplementary table	62
mhc molecules	62
linked ubiquitination	62
high expression	62
new insights	62
may become	62
i responses	62
chronic rejection	62
accessory protein	62
old female	61
animal studies	61
patient survival	61
ischemia reperfusion	61
reperfusion injury	61
molecular cloning	61
sequence similarity	61
protease domain	61
considered significant	61
might also	61
fatty acids	61
lesser extent	61
way anova	61
cytokine il	61
using standard	61
graft function	61
human influenza	61
model system	61
immune systems	61
expression profile	61
dna virus	61
cell recruitment	61
rna sensing	61
human leukocyte	61
cardiovascular disease	61
particularly important	61
higher expression	61
background aims	61
including il	61
data showed	60
gene polymorphisms	60
retrospective study	60
diabetic patients	60
washed twice	60
antiviral functions	60
medical center	60
highly expressed	60
interferon alfa	60
induce type	60
immune recognition	60
secondary antibodies	60
cytokine chemokine	60
two independent	60
cell carcinoma	60
alternative pathway	60
different groups	60
signaling via	60
high doses	60
cells per	60
responses following	60
matrix protein	60
viral encephalitis	60
cytotoxic cd	60
using different	60
ii mhc	60
i pathway	60
sertoli cells	60
i ii	60
tgev pl	60
old male	60
neutrophil extracellular	60
granule formation	60
vascular endothelium	60
using elisa	60
sensitive detection	60
molecules involved	60
significant role	60
herpes zoster	59
physiological conditions	59
remains unknown	59
jev infection	59
electron microscopy	59
effector function	59
results also	59
bat species	59
extracellular matrix	59
common variable	59
induced inflammatory	59
studies show	59
wildtype mice	59
strongly inhibited	59
different stages	59
every weeks	59
using human	59
second messenger	59
terminal region	59
may account	59
confocal microscopy	59
inflammatory gene	59
response elements	59
factor irf	59
genetic testing	59
biologically active	59
increased il	59
porcine ifn	59
pcr assay	59
fmdv infection	59
curative treatment	59
induced protein	59
pcr products	59
blood cd	59
carcinoma cells	59
recently shown	59
direct effects	59
internal control	59
increased mortality	59
likely due	59
antiviral protein	59
draining lymph	59
organ dysfunction	59
interferon system	58
blood pressure	58
randomized controlled	58
mice bearing	58
human monocyte	58
immunity via	58
rna isolated	58
endogenous ifn	58
levels may	58
ifn activation	58
experiments showed	58
showed significant	58
lysine residues	58
mg daily	58
linked polyubiquitination	58
following treatment	58
bat irf	58
copyright holder	58
protein interactions	58
fatty acid	58
cells following	58
mouse monoclonal	58
exogenous ifn	58
susceptible mice	58
asthmatic patients	58
human colon	58
flow assays	58
mouse strains	58
cells producing	58
human genome	58
gene delivery	58
plus tff	58
unclear whether	58
laboratory data	57
complex formation	57
specific cell	57
hbeag negative	57
severe infections	57
nss protein	57
recent advances	57
rl mice	57
immune sensing	57
pandemic influenza	57
biological activities	57
effective treatment	57
rotavirus infection	57
host disease	57
two doses	57
virus disease	57
liver damage	57
protein interaction	57
venezuelan equine	57
cells might	57
first days	57
informed consent	57
proliferative response	57
per year	57
host interactions	57
two weeks	57
gene product	57
luciferase assay	57
active site	57
flow assay	57
compared using	57
mice per	57
viral response	57
forest virus	57
chronic granulomatous	57
ml min	57
positive bacteria	57
expression vector	57
translational modification	57
induced higher	56
mediated inflammatory	56
first years	56
immune suppression	56
including ifn	56
ligase activity	56
treatment groups	56
spinal cords	56
significant correlation	56
inducible expression	56
cellular functions	56
diseases caused	56
allograft rejection	56
fl mice	56
pegylated ifn	56
expression plasmids	56
treated rats	56
least months	56
like particles	56
results may	56
lower doses	56
ifn antagonists	56
mucosal sites	56
studies involving	56
hcc patients	56
superoxide dismutase	56
mv vac	56
direct contact	56
specific manner	56
hbeag seroconversion	56
facs analysis	56
er stress	56
viral titer	56
vsv infection	56
hcv ns	56
therapeutic approaches	56
hrv infection	56
serum creatinine	56
shock proteins	56
provide evidence	56
assay system	56
significantly better	56
virus glycoprotein	55
caspase activation	55
specific protease	55
primary immunodeficiencies	55
six patients	55
various times	55
systemic inflammatory	55
ii molecules	55
healthy subjects	55
gene encoding	55
liver diseases	55
visceral leishmaniasis	55
environmental factors	55
four different	55
produce type	55
interferon therapy	55
signal amplification	55
blood cultures	55
salivary gland	55
beneficial effect	55
viral disease	55
mononuclear cell	55
mononuclear phagocytes	55
double stranded	55
jhmv infection	55
usp expression	55
relatively low	55
envelope protein	55
ifn antagonism	55
reporter assay	55
immunological memory	55
bovine viral	55
embryonic fibroblasts	55
hbeag positive	55
alt levels	55
innate lymphoid	55
functional analysis	55
cellular mechanisms	55
porcine cells	55
cleavage site	55
adjuvant effect	55
kidney transplantation	55
host immunity	54
triphosphate rna	54
frhk cells	54
animal care	54
producing ifn	54
seasonal influenza	54
experimentally infected	54
amp synthase	54
steady state	54
vitro experiments	54
glial cells	54
also indicated	54
related proteins	54
graft failure	54
cytotoxic activity	54
significantly enhanced	54
stat stat	54
autosomal recessive	54
viral dsrna	54
inducible genes	54
age years	54
exact test	54
clinical study	54
viral control	54
cell subset	54
positive feedback	54
interfering rna	54
human hepatocytes	54
response rate	54
molecular biology	53
suppress ifn	53
treatment response	53
viral challenge	53
cyclic di	53
address whether	53
protease inhibitors	53
wide spectrum	53
express il	53
acutely infected	53
abdominal pain	53
findings may	53
viral gene	53
natural history	53
cell lymphopenia	53
small molecule	53
alexa fluor	53
induced lung	53
currently available	53
increased cell	53
following i	53
specific th	53
different pathways	53
least two	53
mediated induction	53
overall survival	53
early life	53
cells ul	53
replacement therapy	53
factors associated	53
acid change	53
human coronaviruses	53
dependent signaling	53
remain largely	53
gene regulation	53
surface receptors	53
sequence information	53
subcellular localization	53
tumor cell	53
nucleoside analogues	53
cellular processes	53
gastrointestinal tract	53
better understand	52
portal hypertension	52
reduced viral	52
ctl responses	52
previous work	52
binding motif	52
tumor suppressor	52
response induced	52
capsid proteins	52
inhibit viral	52
intracellular pathogens	52
lethal infection	52
murine hepatitis	52
prrsv replication	52
nsp proteins	52
specific igm	52
also capable	52
granted medrxiv	52
developed using	52
trypanosoma cruzi	52
naturally infected	52
isg induction	52
also contribute	52
induced inflammation	52
last years	52
small intestine	52
cells respond	52
renal failure	52
observational study	52
adefovir dipivoxil	52
variable immunodeficiency	52
severely impaired	52
cell ifn	52
study included	52
oxide production	52
kinase activity	52
nkp high	52
medical school	52
renal disease	52
equine encephalitis	52
sting activation	52
ifn antagonist	52
proteins involved	52
author funder	52
hbv replication	52
reduced il	52
respiratory epithelial	52
terminal amino	51
mean time	51
specific iga	51
cells ml	51
produce large	51
stimulatory effect	51
molecular mimicry	51
genetic predisposition	51
sensing pathway	51
performed according	51
hepatoma cells	51
neutrophil recruitment	51
normal individuals	51
allow us	51
two additional	51
secreted ifn	51
body mass	51
like proteases	51
genetic variation	51
immunosorbent assay	51
antibody levels	51
activation via	51
plasmon resonance	51
inflammatory monocyte	51
chronically infected	51
version posted	51
cellular rna	51
activated cd	51
hcv replicon	51
cell immune	51
flying fox	51
transmembrane domain	51
viral burden	51
subsequent activation	51
takes place	51
crispr cas	51
autosomal dominant	51
surface plasmon	51
bluetongue virus	51
different mechanisms	51
extracellular traps	51
acute exacerbations	51
high mortality	51
initial phase	51
ifn sav	51
epidermal growth	51
exact mechanisms	51
cells well	51
study also	51
induced significant	51
kupffer cells	51
viral envelope	51
may improve	51
type lectin	51
immune defense	50
cell degranulation	50
nsp inhibits	50
studies suggested	50
factor kappa	50
vitro transcription	50
days later	50
tissue sections	50
immune reaction	50
may affect	50
mannose receptor	50
isotype switching	50
containing protein	50
evidence indicates	50
vg vd	50
fluorescent protein	50
human populations	50
marrow cells	50
marker cd	50
human ace	50
tyrosine phosphorylation	50
blood lymphocytes	50
placebo group	50
peripheral cd	50
occurs via	50
higher concentration	50
thymidine incorporation	50
mediated anti	50
rhinovirus infections	50
individual patients	50
allergic reactions	50
enzymatic activity	50
human primary	50
cell lysate	50
urinary tract	50
agarose gel	50
tlr ligand	50
study using	50
injected i	50
hepatic fibrosis	49
chadox ncov	49
induced signaling	49
functional genomics	49
human parainfluenza	49
inhibitory receptor	49
rights reserved	49
phase iii	49
liver cancer	49
expression data	49
blood sample	49
host defenses	49
responses may	49
tumor microenvironment	49
biological properties	49
sample size	49
interferon pathway	49
feedback loop	49
restriction factors	49
master mix	49
lymphoid tissue	49
tcr repertoire	49
mdck cells	49
using lipofectamine	49
viruses including	49
induced interferon	49
protein antigens	49
like activity	49
type infection	49
gene silencing	49
culture system	49
vaccine formulation	49
resistance mechanisms	49
target gene	49
front immunol	49
human cell	49
hours following	49
novel therapeutic	49
lcmv infection	49
receptor agonist	49
potent inhibitor	49
type virus	49
th day	49
surfactant protein	49
polyubiquitin chains	49
showed significantly	49
antibody titres	49
ml ifn	49
also involved	49
similar effect	49
study evaluated	49
associated herpesvirus	49
one case	49
tripartite motif	49
predictive value	48
arginase activity	48
following stimulation	48
structurally related	48
asthma control	48
induced nf	48
active molecules	48
cellular protein	48
normal levels	48
negative patients	48
enhanced type	48
medium containing	48
may reflect	48
rna samples	48
collagen type	48
sle patients	48
activated stat	48
rna sensor	48
da rats	48
germinal centers	48
laser scanning	48
dna constructs	48
gene factor	48
bead array	48
one day	48
mg day	48
macrophage colony	48
negative controls	48
containing fbs	48
results suggested	48
inflammatory skin	48
protein induced	48
probiotic strains	48
transcriptional regulation	48
rna expression	48
pun rna	48
clinical isolates	48
will help	48
almost exclusively	48
ifn gene	48
streptococcus pyogenes	48
therapeutic targets	48
important part	48
retrospective cohort	48
lymphocyte infiltration	48
patients may	48
endoribonuclease activity	48
stress response	48
viral genomic	48
antiviral effector	48
studies indicated	48
inclusion criteria	48
dramatically increased	48
sequence analysis	48
may potentially	48
antiviral function	48
adenosine deaminase	47
least three	47
twice daily	47
rna sensors	47
female mice	47
tested positive	47
lymphocyte proliferation	47
direct interaction	47
therapeutic efficacy	47
mediated disease	47
hcv patients	47
immune escape	47
signalling pathways	47
median values	47
effector mechanisms	47
without affecting	47
female patients	47
even higher	47
molecular mass	47
innate responses	47
immune pathways	47
gamma production	47
clinical efficacy	47
inflammatory signaling	47
year old	47
ubiquitously expressed	47
healthy adults	47
tightly regulated	47
restriction factor	47
based vaccine	47
culture supernatant	47
sev cantell	47
stage renal	47
natural infection	47
much less	47
cell density	47
malignant transformation	47
thermo scientific	47
severe clinical	47
indicated time	47
mitochondrial membrane	47
antiviral protection	47
pathogenic avian	47
montanide isa	47
reduced expression	47
fruit bats	47
mechanisms behind	47
induced cd	47
cell maturation	47
signalling pathway	47
studies indicate	47
inflammatory processes	47
patients suffering	47
cytosolic rna	47
rsv infections	47
signal intensity	47
infection model	47
one hundred	47
similar levels	47
myeloid cell	46
potential vaccine	46
matched controls	46
sustained virological	46
confocal laser	46
tlr pathways	46
potential risk	46
significantly correlated	46
many studies	46
liver cells	46
relatively high	46
inflammatory markers	46
experimental groups	46
primary function	46
activates nf	46
study period	46
systemic inflammation	46
cells positive	46
causative agent	46
calf serum	46
exact role	46
cell epitope	46
vitro transcribed	46
dnase i	46
induce il	46
play important	46
much lower	46
lower dose	46
infection will	46
tbk ikk	46
treatment options	46
sample preparation	46
significant changes	46
pathological conditions	46
monocytic cell	46
small number	46
antiviral ifn	46
mutant viruses	46
cell frequencies	46
later stages	46
proliferation assays	46
mg per	46
human infection	46
recombinant feline	46
memory response	46
readily detectable	46
patients admitted	46
ido ko	46
virus load	46
ctl response	46
glycosylation site	46
receptor activation	46
liver biopsies	46
cov spike	46
intracellular signaling	46