This is a list of all the questions and their associated study carrel identifiers. One can learn a lot of the "aboutness" of a text simply by reading the questions.
| identifier | question |
|---|---|
| cord-001236-cgiok0ce | Is intranasal vaccination a feasible solution for tuberculosis? |
| cord-005372-7x8ro8p2 | The porcine respiratory disease complex: are subpopulations important? |
| cord-262347-ejhz9rra | Serum immune responses to the proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome( PRRS) virus Analysis of RNA- dependent RNA polymerase structure and function as guided by known polymerase structures and computer predictions of secondary structure Determination of 5 0-leader sequences from radically disparate strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus reveals the presence of highly conserved sequence motifs Identification of neutralizing and nonneutralizing epitopes in the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 ectodomain Survival of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in houseflies Evaluation of mosquitoes, Aedes vexans, as biological vectors of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Genetic manipulation of arterivirus alternative mRNA leader- body junction sites reveals tight regulation of structural protein expression Regulation of relative abundance of arterivirus subgenomic mRNAs Nidovirus transcription: how to make sense …? |
| cord-012909-o6t2srim | A target for cancer vaccines? |
| cord-282113-sed5xyte | An infectious cDNA clone of a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variant associated with porcine high fever syndrome A baculovirusexpressed dicistrovirus that is infectious to aphids Nidovirus transcription: how to make sense? |
| cord-325875-93krp81r | These specimens offer new possibilities for surveillance, but are they diagnostically equivalent? |
| cord-266716-pghnl980 | Second, is the blockage of viral RNA formation a direct or indirect effect? |
| cord-266716-pghnl980 | Third, are there other viruses that are also inhibited by IBC? |
| cord-002590-24o2viv3 | A novel lineage transcription factor based analysis reveals differences in T helper cell subpopulation development in infected and intrauterine growth restricted( IUGR) piglets The role of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in immune phenotype and Th1/ Th2 balance of dendritic cells Species specialization in cytokine biology: Is interleukin-4 central to the T H 1-T H 2 paradigm in swine? |
| cord-002590-24o2viv3 | It then begs the question, do pigs have long- lived plasma cells and, if so, where do they reside? |
| cord-284076-087oltss | Targeted'knockdown'of channel expression in vivo with an antisense morpholino oligonucleotide Antiviral effects of antisense morpholino oligomers in murine coronavirus infection models Molecular characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, a member of the arterivirus group Inhibition of flavivirus infections by antisense oligomers specifically suppressing viral translation and RNA replication VP35 knockdown inhibits ebola virus amplification and protects against lethal infection in mice Inhibition of multiple subtypes of Influenza A virus in cell cultures with morpholino oligomers Morpholino oligos: making sense of antisense? |
| cord-281676-yy5etfek | Cytotoxic T lymphocyte- associated antigen 4 plays an essential role in the function of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory cells that control intestinal inflammation Regulatory T cells: how do they suppress immune responses? |
| cord-281676-yy5etfek | The level of virus- specific T- cell and macrophage recruitment in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in pigs is independent of virus load Effect of genotypic and biotypic differences among PRRS viruses on the serologic assessment of pigs for virus infection Efficacy of a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus( PRRSV) vaccine in pigs naturally exposed to a heterologous European( Italian cluster) field strain: clinical protection and cell- mediated immunity Challenges for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus( PRRSV) vaccinology Delivery systems: a vaccine strategy for overcoming mucosal tolerance? |
| cord-003492-rodqdtfj | Do they protect against disease or enhance it? |
| cord-003492-rodqdtfj | inflammasome- mediated IL-1β induction Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus( PRRSV) inhibits RNAmediated gene silencing by targeting ago-2 Novel insights into host responses and reproductive pathophysiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome caused by PRRSV-2 Comparison of host genetic factors influencing pig response to infection with two North American isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Variation among sows in response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome 1 Genetic resistance-an alternative for controlling PRRS? |
| cord-261160-g92zhv19 | Lactate dehydrogenase- elevating virus: an ideal persistent virus? |
| cord-283689-dzin12qb | The crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis: where does this lead? |
| cord-266199-smlq11y9 | state- of- the- art Ten years of PCV2 vaccines and vaccination: is eradication a possibility? |
| cord-262021-emboxdzu | Will oral fluid replace serum for PRRSV surveillance? |
| cord-033692-txfuuu7d | : over 100 M website views per year Ready to submit your research? |
| cord-312208-8ydh6jev | comparison of commercial vaccines in their ability to induce protection against current PRRSV strains of high virulence Monoclonal antibodies to the ORF5 product of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus de ® ne linear neutralizing determinants Genetic and antigenic variations of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus major envelope GP5 glycoprotein Lactate dehydrogenase- elevating virus, equine arteritis virus and simian hemorrhagic fever virus, a new group of positive strand RNA virus Lactate dehydrogenase- elevating virus: an ideal persistent virus? |
| cord-293768-uijc6qdo | Veterinu? |
| cord-298131-zolwjl9u | do apoptotic cells influence antigen processing and presentation? |
| cord-258536-qnn9hp8e | Structures and functions in viral replication Are nidoviruses hijacking the autophagy machinery? |
| cord-258536-qnn9hp8e | The unconventional roles of ATG proteins Non- autophagic roles of autophagy- related proteins ATG proteins: Are we always looking at autophagy? |
| cord-255828-jrqdyfbg | The prion protein and lipid rafts Requirements for CEACAMs and cholesterol during murine coronavirus cell entry Novel G423S mutation of human alpha 7 nicotinic receptor promotes agonist- induced desensitization by a protein kinase C- dependent mechanism Raft membrane domains: from a liquid- ordered membrane phase to a site of pathogen attack Host- cell lipid rafts: a safe door for micro- organisms? |
| cord-255828-jrqdyfbg | The topology of GP4( http://mobyle.pasteur.fr/cgi-bin/portal.py?# forms::toppred; Claros and von Heijne, 1994) and the GPI anchor attachment signal( http://gpi.unibe.ch; Fankhauser and Mäser, 2005; Eisenhaber et al., 1998) were predicted using on- line programs available on the Bioinformatics Resource Portal( http://expasy.org/ tool). |
| cord-299721-gm6nx84a | Why do RNA viruses recombine? |
| cord-329274-ncvvmkca | interferon- a, tumor necrosis factor- a, interleukin-1 and inflammation during acute influenza in pigs: a possible model for humans? |
| cord-329625-hx2rsi91 | The multifunctional nucleolus Cell cycle dependent localisation of the coronavirus nucleocapsid protein Trafficking mechanism of West Nile( Sarafend) virus structural proteins Visualization of intracellular transport of vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids in living cells Are nidoviruses hijacking the autophagy machinery? |
| cord-329625-hx2rsi91 | What is new in the nucleolus? |
| cord-329625-hx2rsi91 | the nucleolus-a gateway to viral infection? |
| cord-328935-mn8r972x | First, why is the systemic response to the LPG/ protein complex skewed toward IgG1( a Th2 response in cattle) and not IgG2( a Th1 response)? |
| cord-328935-mn8r972x | Second, are IgG or IgA antibodies to the LPG- containing antigen most protective and how can that Ig isotype be enriched to enhance protection? |
| cord-352967-y1fyke9u | Does nitric oxide play a critical role in viral infections? |
| cord-344410-yo9libo0 | : how to make sense? |
| cord-344410-yo9libo0 | What then, is the phylogenetic relationship of these different motifs among RNA viruses? |
| cord-353703-u86ggw11 | How does the stressed out ER find relief during virus infection? |
| cord-324950-ux7shvji | : over 100 M website views per year Ready to submit your research? |
| cord-324950-ux7shvji | Why, when and how should exposure be considered at the within- host scale? |
| cord-301692-zu0ubwfq | The question is: why NAs do not develop as early as non- NAs? |
| cord-301692-zu0ubwfq | What are the reasons for such failures? |
| cord-301692-zu0ubwfq | What is the impact of this genetic diversity of PRRSV upon the immune response and protection afforded by vaccination? |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | 2 h. Additionally, 30 lg of RpSP- A per mL in the absence of Ca 2? did not affect virus penetration. |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | Marine and colleagues demonstrated that recombinant porcine SP- D prevented the attachment of human seasonal H 1 N 1 and H 3 N 2 virus to receptors on epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract[? 36?]. |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | Marine and colleagues demonstrated that recombinant porcine SP- D prevented the attachment of human seasonal H 1 N 1 and H 3 N 2 virus to receptors on epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract[? 36?]. |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | No significant difference was observed between 0 and 30 lg mL-1 of RpSP- A in the absence of Ca 2? |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | The mean viral titer in the presence of 30 lg of RpSP- A per mL with the addition of Ca 2? was 10 4.56 PFU mL |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | The protein RpSP- A was extracted and purified using a 1-mL- size Ni 2? |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | Treatment with 30 lg of RpSP- A per mL in the absence of Ca 2? was used as a negative control, and no inhibition was observed. |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | We also found that RpSP- A exerts potent antiviral activity in a Ca 2?-dependent manner, indicating that RpSP- A may interact with PRRSV via the carbohydrate- recognition domain, which is consistent with previous studies[ 27, 28]. |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | but it was reduced to 10 4.03 PFU mL-1 in the presence of 30 lg of RpSP- A per mL with the addition of Ca 2? |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | Cu 2? and Zn 2? |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | Cu 2? and Zn 2? |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | Cu 2? and Zn 2? inhibit several viral proteinases, such as 3CLpros of severe acute respiratory syndrome- associated coronavirus and norovirus |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | Cu 2? and Zn 2? inhibit several viral proteinases, such as 3CLpros of severe acute respiratory syndrome- associated coronavirus and norovirus |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | In contrast with this finding in PRRSV, high concentrations of Na? |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | K? |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | Mg 2? |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | Neither did Mn 2?, |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | The Ser 118 to Tyr mutation of the 3CLpro was introduced into pET32a- Nsp3 0 4 with the primer pairs Ser 118? |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | The enzyme was relatively insensitive to Na? |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | The proteolytic activity of exfoliative toxin A, which is also a serine proteinase, has been reported to depend on Cu 2? |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | Tyr- F/ Ser 118? |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | between 100 and 500 mM. More than 83% activity was retained even at 1000 mM Na? |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | or Ca 2? |
| cord-252339-l3si3jpn | pET-32a(?) vector, E. coli DH5a, and BL21( DE3) were used in the present study. |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | , CD25? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Are there any other porcine virus that infect macrophages and are eliminated in 7- 14 days? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Are those with a suppressor phenotype functionally suppressive? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | CD25? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | CD25? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | CD25? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | CD8? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | CD8? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Comparative cellular studies of isolator piglets infected with PRRSV and SIV failed to reveal any evidence of immune suppression, i.e., lack of evidence for elevation of Fox3p CD4? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Could an abundance of selfreactive Th2 cells, some of which may crossreact with PRRSV, be sufficient to drive rapid differentiation to plasma cells or perhaps IL-6 from infected MQ? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Could it be the lack of functional Tregs that permits runaway B cell proliferation and differentiation? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Development of T cells in thymus is well described in textbooks, and at a certain stage, CD4? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Do neutralizing antibodies bind those viral epitopes that prevent their recognition by the receptors on potentially permissive cells or do they inhibit the fusion of the viral membrane with the endocytic membrane? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Do these IFNa- impaired macrophages preferentially or inappropriately stimulate certain T cell subsets or do they promote differentiation of MDSC? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Does it also cause more severe immune dysregulation? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Elevation of P3 expressing, CD4? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | For example, does PRRSV infect lymphocytes or only macrophages/ dendritic cells? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Foxp3? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | How easy is that? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | However, is the effect of HP- PRRSV merely a quantitative difference or does it have a qualitative effect? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | In isolator piglets, only the subset of CD2? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Is simple blocking by antibodies enough or is help needed from an immune complex? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Namely, does HP- PRRSV primarily target the thymus so its greatest impact is on T cell cells development? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces CD4? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | ROS- dependent suppression of CD4? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Since PRRSV targets macrophages, could their infection result in differentiation of myeloid cells to MDSC? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | So what is the purpose of PRRS research: to simulate the farm experience and produce a vaccine''in the blind''or to first understand how the virus affects the host? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | Some have reported the presence of CD4? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | The extraordinary hypergammaglobulinemia simultaneously occurs as B cells rapidly differentiate to plasma cells in a manner in which the intermediate stage of activated B cells( CD2? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | The same applies to cytokines: what cells are making which cytokines and where are these cells histologically located since cytokines typically act at short distances? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | This is a valid assay for the cell line and the PRRSV strain used but does it test whether neutralization has occurred in vivo in infected animals in which different target cells and virus variants are interacting? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | We hypothesize that the suppression of innate immunity can be an important contributing factor to the modulation of host immune responses because type I IFNs promote antigen presentation and natural killer cell functions, enhance antibody production of B cells, and play an important role in the differentiation of both CD4? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | and CD8? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | and CD8? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | cells with a suppressor phenotype( CD4? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | interleukin-10 and regulatory T- lymphocytes( Treg) Induction of inducible CD4? |
| cord-257220-fe2sacjj | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Age- dependent resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication in swine Identification of immunodominant T cell epitopes present in glycoprotein 5 of the North American genotype of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Cell- mediated immunity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in swine Evaluation of protective immunity in gilts inoculated with the NADC-8 isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus( PRRSV) and challenged- exposed with an antigenically distinct isolate Control and elimination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Effect on total pigs weaned of herd closure for elimination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Functional impairment of PRRSV- specific peripheral CD3? |