subject-churchAndState-freebo
Introduction
This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.
This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.
All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.
Size
There are 279 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 6,450,814 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 23,121 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.
Readability
On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 86. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.
Word Frequencies
By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:
church, king, god, may, will, one, power, men, shall, yet, law, man, first, people, made, great, now, must, us, good, religion, much, time, without, many, make, christ, things, kings, though, bishops, therefore, parliament, also, bishop, government, might, england, authority, say, well, lord, thing, case, every, like, text, non, take, reason
Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A treatise of civil policy: being a resolution of forty three questions concerning prerogative, right and priviledge, in reference to the supream prince and the people. / By Samuel Rutherford professor of divintiy of St Andrews in Scotland., The antipathie of the English lordly prelacie, both to regall monarchy, and civill unity: or, An historicall collection of the severall execrable treasons, conspiracies, rebellions, seditions, state-schismes, contumacies, oppressions, & anti-monarchicall practices, of our English, Brittish, French, Scottish, & Irish lordly prelates, against our kings, kingdomes, laws, liberties; and of the severall warres, and civill dissentions occasioned by them in, or against our realm, in former and latter ages Together with the judgement of our owne ancient writers, & most judicious authors, touching the pretended divine jurisdiction, the calling, lordlinesse, temporalities, wealth, secular imployments, trayterous practises, unprofitablenesse, and mischievousnesse of lordly prelates, both to King, state, Church; with an answer to the chiefe objections made for the divinity, or continuance of their lordly function. The first part. By William Prynne, late (and now againe) an utter-barester of Lincolnes Inne., and Repertorium canonicum, or, An abridgment of the ecclesiastical laws of this realm, consistent with the temporal wherein the most material points relating to such persons and things, as come within the cognizance thereof, are succinctly treated / by John Godolphin ....
The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:
roman non, english books, early english, books online, page images, creation partnership, text creation, common law, king henry, must needs, every one, jesus christ, let us, ecclesiastical court, every man, holy ghost, protestant religion, will never, take away, one another, tells us, represented either, tcp schema, image sets, characters represented, true religion, new testament, king edward, early works, civil magistrate, king james, christian religion, among us, gods word, without asking, taken away, divine right, queen elizabeth, proquest page, tcp assigned, financial support, batch review, institutions providing, xml conversion, encoded edition, work described, image set, pfs batch, commercial purposes, iv tiff
And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The antipathie of the English lordly prelacie, both to regall monarchy, and civill unity: or, An historicall collection of the severall execrable treasons, conspiracies, rebellions, seditions, state-schismes, contumacies, oppressions, & anti-monarchicall practices, of our English, Brittish, French, Scottish, & Irish lordly prelates, against our kings, kingdomes, laws, liberties; and of the severall warres, and civill dissentions occasioned by them in, or against our realm, in former and latter ages Together with the judgement of our owne ancient writers, & most judicious authors, touching the pretended divine jurisdiction, the calling, lordlinesse, temporalities, wealth, secular imployments, trayterous practises, unprofitablenesse, and mischievousnesse of lordly prelates, both to King, state, Church; with an answer to the chiefe objections made for the divinity, or continuance of their lordly function. The first part. By William Prynne, late (and now againe) an utter-barester of Lincolnes Inne. His Majesties gracious message to the Convocation, sent by the Earl of Nottingham., and Proclamation anent production of the tacks of the teinds of the bishopricks.
While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:
Keywords
Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:
church, tcp, king, god, religion, law, lord, government, parliament, people, england, power, laws, bishops, authority, prince, majesty, clergy, christ, christian, churches, state, early, pope, scripture, house, man, english, oath, gospel, kingdome, kingdom, nation, ministers, conscience, act, subjects, magistrate, court, bishop, world, roman, lords, covenant, council, book, assembly, scotland, princes, party
And now word clouds really begin to shine:
Topic Modeling
Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be king, and The relaps''d apostate, or, Notes upon a Presbyterian pamphlet, entituled, A petition for peace, &c. wherein the faction and design are laid as open as heart can wish by Roger L''Estrange. is most about that word.
If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:
- king - Ursa major & minor, or, A sober and impartial enquiry into those pretended fears and jealousies of popery and arbitrary power with some things offered to consideration touching His Majestie''s league made with the King of France upon occasion of his wars with Holland and the United Provinces : in a letter written to a learned friend.
- church - Aarons rod blossoming, or, The divine ordinance of church-government vindicated so as the present Erastian controversie concerning the distinction of civill and ecclesiasticall government, excommunication, and suspension, is fully debated and discussed, from the holy scripture, from the Jewish and Christian antiquities, from the consent of latter writers, from the true nature and rights of magistracy, and from the groundlesnesse of the chief objections made against the Presbyteriall government in point of a domineering arbitrary unlimited power / by George Gillespie ...
- king - Iurisdiction regall, episcopall, papall Wherein is declared how the Pope hath intruded vpon the iurisdiction of temporall princes, and of the Church. The intrusion is discouered, and the peculiar and distinct iurisdiction to each properly belonging, recouered. Written by George Carleton.
If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:
- king, god, power - Dr. Sherlock''s Case of allegiance considered with some remarks upon his vindication.
- church, god, christ - Aarons rod blossoming, or, The divine ordinance of church-government vindicated so as the present Erastian controversie concerning the distinction of civill and ecclesiasticall government, excommunication, and suspension, is fully debated and discussed, from the holy scripture, from the Jewish and Christian antiquities, from the consent of latter writers, from the true nature and rights of magistracy, and from the groundlesnesse of the chief objections made against the Presbyteriall government in point of a domineering arbitrary unlimited power / by George Gillespie ...
- king, god, non - Iurisdiction regall, episcopall, papall Wherein is declared how the Pope hath intruded vpon the iurisdiction of temporall princes, and of the Church. The intrusion is discouered, and the peculiar and distinct iurisdiction to each properly belonging, recouered. Written by George Carleton.
- king, bishop, church - The antipathie of the English lordly prelacie, both to regall monarchy, and civill unity: or, An historicall collection of the severall execrable treasons, conspiracies, rebellions, seditions, state-schismes, contumacies, oppressions, & anti-monarchicall practices, of our English, Brittish, French, Scottish, & Irish lordly prelates, against our kings, kingdomes, laws, liberties; and of the severall warres, and civill dissentions occasioned by them in, or against our realm, in former and latter ages Together with the judgement of our owne ancient writers, & most judicious authors, touching the pretended divine jurisdiction, the calling, lordlinesse, temporalities, wealth, secular imployments, trayterous practises, unprofitablenesse, and mischievousnesse of lordly prelates, both to King, state, Church; with an answer to the chiefe objections made for the divinity, or continuance of their lordly function. The first part. By William Prynne, late (and now againe) an utter-barester of Lincolnes Inne.
- case, shall, church - Repertorium canonicum, or, An abridgment of the ecclesiastical laws of this realm, consistent with the temporal wherein the most material points relating to such persons and things, as come within the cognizance thereof, are succinctly treated / by John Godolphin ...
Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:
Noun & Verbs
Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":
men, power, man, people, time, things, p., kings, thing, religion, others, way, reason, part, words, nothing, t, place, hath, case, self, persons, king, text, day, person, word, subjects, cause, end, scripture, church, truth, none, matter, name, nature, times, life, order, death, doth, world, manner, faith, matters, right, author, one, work
An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:
is, be, was, are, have, were, had, being, do, made, been, did, make, said, say, take, see, give, let, according, done, given, put, has, know, having, come, set, called, taken, think, hath, concerning, thought, am, brought, found, prove, sent, believe, find, came, read, ''s, used, call, held, does, bound, tell
Proper Nouns
An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.
god, church, king, 〉, ◊, 〈, c., law, christ, parliament, england, bishop, lord, bishops, ●, government, hath, authority, pope, power, de, laws, court, prince, mr., pag, l., religion, clergy, english, tcp, lords, rome, christian, princes, act, majesty, ecclesiastical, state, council, kingdom, gods, case, oath, st., text, house, churches, christians, holy
An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"
it, his, they, their, he, them, i, him, our, we, you, your, us, my, themselves, her, himself, me, its, she, thy, thee, one, theirs, ours, ye, yours, mine, ''s, vp, itself, ''em, whereof, †, us''d, elias, hers, vnto, l, herself, whosoever, hee, ay, ●, yee, s, ourselves, non, ian, ts
Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.
Adjectives & Verbs
Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"
such, other, same, great, many, own, good, first, more, true, much, whole, common, non, new, present, roman, -, particular, last, little, most, necessary, former, second, late, least, several, old, greater, better, very, best, like, general, contrary, false, private, certain, saith, due, able, next, free, greatest, publick, early, holy, few, full
not, so, then, now, as, more, only, therefore, also, well, yet, up, most, very, thus, never, much, onely, out, here, first, ever, too, there, even, rather, thereof, far, together, away, in, again, still, all, indeed, down, no, otherwise, off, long, before, once, just, forth, especially, else, that, over, is, at
Next steps
There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.
Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.
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