bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
new york	298
long island	141
pennsylvania railroad	109
railroad company	106
per day	103
ninth avenue	102
river tunnels	96
north river	96
east river	89
york city	86
iron lining	75
terminal station	70
soft ground	67
per sq	58
air pressure	55
seventh avenue	54
chief engineer	52
bottom heading	51
new jersey	51
compressed air	50
per min	49
island railroad	49
concrete lining	48
tenth avenue	44
reinforced concrete	44
east side	44
cutting edge	43
island city	42
center line	42
th street	41
per cu	39
cubic yards	37
civil engineers	36
retaining wall	36
weehawken shaft	35
rock surface	34
tunnel extension	33
american society	33
jersey city	33
west side	33
first avenue	32
metal lining	32
per cubic	32
elevated railway	32
bergen hill	31
per ring	31
tunnel lining	31
retaining walls	30
linear foot	30
south side	30
st street	29
shield chambers	29
per linear	29
fifth avenue	27
per shift	27
rapid transit	27
cubic yard	26
north side	26
top heading	26
resident engineer	25
manhattan shaft	25
writer believes	25
wood pipe	25
river division	25
york tunnel	25
average time	25
land tunnels	25
hudson river	24
open cut	24
free air	24
york side	24
rock bottom	23
eighth avenue	23
town tunnels	23
station west	23
per square	23
february th	23
cast iron	22
twin tunnel	22
bore segments	21
elastic limit	21
van der	21
water pressure	21
assistant engineer	21
manhattan side	21
steam shovel	21
structural materials	20
pennsylvania tunnel	20
air per	20
water supply	20
per lin	20
hill tunnels	20
may th	20
concrete design	19
rail sections	19
mine accidents	19
contracting company	19
sunnyside yard	19
terminal railroad	19
skin friction	19
federal investigations	19
special committee	18
track tunnel	18
april th	18
railway structure	18
meadows division	18
der hoek	18
yellow pine	18
per hour	17
final report	17
page image	17
arch action	17
soft material	17
transactions paper	17
mixed rock	17
instituted transactions	17
engineers instituted	17
water tower	17
full page	17
time taken	17
atlantic avenue	17
center heading	16
every ft	16
cost per	16
bulkhead wall	16
harrison transfer	16
time per	16
broken plates	16
face walls	16
one end	16
york central	16
street surface	16
river tunnel	16
feet material	16
excavated material	16
york division	16
tunnel work	16
solid material	16
jersey side	15
york contracting	15
pipe line	15
march th	15
tenth avenues	15
earth pressure	15
per sec	15
rock cover	15
iron pipe	15
per ft	15
either side	14
bay ridge	14
fine sand	14
solid rock	14
twin tunnels	14
bridge seat	14
flatbush avenue	14
heading method	14
face wall	14
greater part	14
driven tunnels	14
general electric	14
june st	14
cents per	14
concrete piers	14
mean high	14
total deflection	14
cement used	14
rock section	14
rock cut	14
total cost	14
full width	14
eleventh avenue	14
june th	14
normal air	14
two tunnels	14
square foot	14
intermediate shaft	14
portland cement	14
per cent	14
el paso	14
duct bench	14
table part	14
american railway	13
timber bents	13
water main	13
bench concrete	13
december th	13
surface railway	13
house line	13
july th	13
rock excavation	13
latter part	13
lower part	13
hour shift	13
ninth avenues	13
concrete arch	13
early part	13
bolting time	13
permanent steel	13
central railroad	13
rock core	12
pennsylvania station	12
average cost	12
subaqueous tunnels	12
plate xlvii	12
erie railroad	12
third street	12
high water	12
pounds per	12
plate xlviii	12
org ebooks	12
tunnel superintendent	12
typical cross	12
resident engineers	12
full face	12
muck loaded	12
shoring girders	12
pennsylvania terminal	12
track tunnels	12
working chamber	12
upper part	12
flat cars	12
air cylinders	12
temporary shoring	12
east avenue	12
permanent viaduct	12
total time	12
one time	12
crushed stone	12
plate lxxiv	12
pump chamber	12
breast boards	11
steel rails	11
lock bulkhead	11
pressure due	11
damage done	11
per hours	11
bolt holes	11
track level	11
first crack	11
right angles	11
transverse girders	11
nogal reservoir	11
hydrostatic head	11
western railroad	11
point ft	11
will show	11
plate lii	11
west line	11
bearing value	11
sixth avenue	11
river bulkhead	11
october th	11
one side	11
west end	11
plate xiii	11
top charges	11
mica schist	11
clear water	11
box drains	11
total weight	11
per month	10
test pieces	10
hydraulic grade	10
concrete water	10
plate lxxiii	10
frictional resistance	10
weight per	10
tunnel excavation	10
one tunnel	10
pressure air	10
shield chamber	10
plate lxii	10
heading oct	10
third streets	10
mixed bottom	10
plate xii	10
dry sand	10
hackensack river	10
raker braces	10
central track	10
august th	10
new england	10
earth pressures	10
per mile	10
new orleans	10
hydrostatic pressure	10
false bottom	10
two tracks	10
plate li	10
memoir prepared	10
bridge company	10
exploration drift	10
united states	10
second street	10
eighth avenues	10
previously described	10
plate lix	10
intercepting arch	10
cutting edges	10
locomotive performance	10
short distance	10
unavoidable delays	10
motive power	10
cast steel	10
typical working	9
york connecting	9
way ducts	9
described later	9
least ft	9
ordinary cast	9
bonito creek	9
soft clay	9
avenue improvement	9
two years	9
river shafts	9
per minute	9
large quantity	9
working face	9
railway columns	9
grout pipes	9
springing line	9
first street	9
electric conduits	9
santa rosa	9
shield method	9
per foot	9
various lengths	9
november th	9
general superintendent	9
rock center	9
specifications required	9
within ft	9
short lengths	9
tractive power	9
square inch	9
hour shifts	9
southwestern railway	9
iron tunnel	9
plate lx	9
aqueous material	9
brick arch	9
taper rings	9
great care	9
material trestle	9
various operations	9
hydraulic pressure	9
years ago	9
electric motor	9
city station	9
tunnel section	9
broken stone	9
steam cylinders	9
middle heading	9
time spent	9
lined tunnels	9
plate lviii	9
final position	9
engineering staff	9
inside bucket	9
work done	9
present time	9
transfer station	9
plate lxx	9
chief office	9
average rate	9
east line	9
railway company	9
hrs min	9
connecting railroad	9
number progress	8
construction work	8
much less	8
plant depreciation	8
concrete walls	8
ninth ave	8
pumping main	8
two lines	8
plate lxiv	8
part rock	8
central rock	8
neat cement	8
shield doors	8
lehigh valley	8
south shaft	8
high tide	8
taken place	8
plate xlix	8
concrete pier	8
table gives	8
train service	8
field office	8
two men	8
summary part	8
center lines	8
land tunnel	8
leg derricks	8
permanent shafts	8
passenger traffic	8
applied water	8
arching properties	8
railroad tracks	8
table summary	8
avenue shafts	8
far enough	8
grade crossings	8
cement grout	8
whole time	8
poling boards	8
electric motors	8
short time	8
steel rods	8
caulking pockets	8
hoisting engines	8
distance piece	8
top headings	8
masonry lining	8
sliding platform	8
full size	8
water mains	8
per ton	8
south tunnel	8
large part	8
filtered water	8
part earth	8
traveling stage	8
two sets	8
intermediate shafts	8
stave pipe	8
rubble masonry	8
cortlandt street	8
weehawken side	8
manhattan railroad	8
queens borough	8
cubic foot	8
plate lxviii	8
powder used	7
way association	7
plate xxix	7
tunnel company	7
excavation per	7
total length	7
second air	7
th avenue	7
railway engineering	7
per shield	7
hearth steel	7
transfer yard	7
refuge niches	7
track system	7
full hydrostatic	7
large number	7
deflection log	7
large quantities	7
pressure compressors	7
rear end	7
concrete wall	7
th ave	7
contract dated	7
structural steel	7
sump segment	7
office administration	7
air dry	7
freight terminal	7
ii ii	7
driven tunnel	7
rolling stock	7
iii iii	7
timber trestle	7
valley railroad	7
expanded metal	7
general foreman	7
width heading	7
harrison yard	7
last ring	7
finally decided	7
electric traction	7
alfred noble	7
bolted together	7
rock tunnels	7
construction company	7
working pressure	7
street pier	7
heading feb	7
river bed	7
iv iv	7
river bridge	7
private property	7
steam locomotives	7
francis mason	7
pressure per	7
bulkhead line	7
bottom headings	7
single track	7
aqueous materials	7
large amount	7
terminal site	7
electric locomotives	7
heavy timbering	7
general plan	7
facing mixture	7
south abutment	7
viaduct girders	7
pier construction	7
deflecton curves	7
heading nov	7
belt conveyor	7
four tunnels	7
north shaft	7
mean total	7
working force	7
steel tank	7
reinforcing rods	7
curves beam	7
previously mentioned	7
steam shovels	7
eugene klapp	7
tunnel line	7
average force	7
steel viaduct	7
rails shall	7
north tunnel	7
finally adopted	7
river line	7
january st	7
steel plates	7
certain amount	7
radial joints	6
truck period	6
freight traffic	6
river lines	6
ten years	6
east new	6
plate xxvii	6
island shaft	6
even though	6
two shafts	6
took place	6
wall plant	6
two parts	6
ordinary iron	6
york station	6
lower face	6
fine material	6
segmental timbering	6
january th	6
tunnel lines	6
water will	6
henry steers	6
pile foundations	6
united engineering	6
bed mortar	6
september th	6
just east	6
tunnels fig	6
steel plate	6
total labor	6
including time	6
tar pitch	6
total average	6
laying mandrel	6
rock middle	6
time total	6
also used	6
average number	6
plate xxviii	6
horizontal diameter	6
water pressures	6
hydraulic jacks	6
tunnel invert	6
per drill	6
pressure compressor	6
repair shops	6
built without	6
disposal trestle	6
two additional	6
mortar equivalent	6
arching action	6
great northern	6
annual convention	6
st ave	6
force employed	6
miles long	6
upper face	6
sized twin	6
external diameter	6
sand used	6
pipe laid	6
island shafts	6
shield advanced	6
upper deck	6
steel bolts	6
island reef	6
aqueous pressure	6
southern pacific	6
main line	6
day work	6
railway association	6
heavy iron	6
bench method	6
hold back	6
cement mortar	6
longitudinal reinforcement	6
field charges	6
passenger yard	6
grand total	6
one shield	6
rock sections	6
partly filled	6
first air	6
outside diameter	6
driven westward	6
avenue terminal	6
linear feet	6
testing machine	6
leg derrick	6
south end	6
long enough	6
creosoted timber	6
ultimate load	6
sliding platforms	6
invert concrete	6
vehicular traffic	6
five years	6
multiple ducts	6
ph oe	6
total field	6
hydraulic method	6
total pressure	6
heavy cast	6
single tunnel	6
city lots	6
directly beneath	6
entire length	6
ground encountered	6
grade line	6
tunnels east	6
engineering construction	6
plate lxi	6
tons per	6
pier head	6
tissue paper	6
average progress	6
iron workers	6
tunnel transport	6
per yard	6
low tide	6
bored pipe	6
without caulking	6
just west	6
per annum	6
elevated railroad	6
avenue elevated	6
generating plant	6
wall sections	6
leading end	6
chief assistant	5
freezing process	5
views showing	5
large scale	5
east rivers	5
total quantity	5
tunnel roof	5
hydraulic fittings	5
avenue eastward	5
iron tube	5
grout ejected	5
lowest point	5
large portion	5
arch thrust	5
surface transportation	5
street level	5
elevated tank	5
linus weed	5
showing condition	5
upper platform	5
large area	5
east house	5
luther elman	5
test holes	5
heading mar	5
total number	5
heavy ground	5
voids outside	5
deceased members	5
outside tracks	5
two main	5
sharp sand	5
th streets	5
neat line	5
locking device	5
earth section	5
plan showing	5
river front	5
good results	5
line will	5
field engineering	5
two single	5
also shown	5
dated august	5
transit trains	5
one hundred	5
concrete form	5
dome forms	5
tunneling shields	5
march st	5
lower ft	5
previously referred	5
east end	5
york shield	5
creosote oil	5
heading jan	5
unit unit	5
plate ix	5
various parts	5
survey lines	5
cut sections	5
whole length	5
december st	5
lateral pressure	5
part ave	5
square twisted	5
leaf yellow	5
blackwall tunnel	5
working chambers	5
charles alfred	5
several kinds	5
inside diameter	5
john henderson	5
permanent cast	5
three sections	5
ordinary type	5
kenneth allen	5
rod reinforcement	5
rail committee	5
weehawken tunnels	5
pit excavation	5
specific gravity	5
moved ahead	5
great value	5
brick sewer	5
samuel rea	5
hoisting engine	5
placing concrete	5
hackensack meadows	5
section gy	5
already described	5
pressure required	5
avenue structures	5
maximum pressure	5
original intention	5
one power	5
building material	5
transportation problem	5
underground portions	5
rock packing	5
heavy traffic	5
station will	5
building tunnel	5
original design	5
miles per	5
time min	5
erecting iron	5
hard material	5
dry material	5
permanent structures	5
axis level	5
freight yard	5
transportation plant	5
front street	5
single tunnels	5
cubic per	5
plate xxiv	5
twisted steel	5
erector runner	5
principal contract	5
terminal yard	5
july st	5
lost time	5
whole gang	5
typical sections	5
water used	5
lift rail	5
pushing back	5
earth excavation	5
almost entirely	5
small gang	5
north end	5
concrete retaining	5
west shore	5
surface transport	5
northern railroad	5
steam cylinder	5
completed previously	5
full pressure	5
clearly shown	5
tunnel sections	5
pumping station	5
gas company	5
twisted rods	5
much better	5
sand arch	5
steel ring	5
full height	5
general way	5
two types	5
surface structures	5
standard section	5
operations involved	5
general type	5
two points	5
first ring	5
table showing	5
passenger station	5
clay blanket	5
south tunnels	5
cable conduits	5
albert mather	5
erector ram	5
static theory	5
plain concrete	5
excavating ahead	5
short posts	5
iron sewer	5
leaf pine	5
spaced ft	5
cover section	5
many cases	5
civil engineer	5
three sets	5
sketch showing	5
bench walls	5
william arthur	5
natural slope	5
bore segment	5
many years	5
plate xxxv	5
chief draftsman	5
tube tunnels	5
various kinds	5
general arrangement	5
river railroad	5
extension project	5
island shields	5
work will	5
railroad station	5
shield jacks	5
block lagging	5
working compartments	5
sliding hoods	5
storage bins	5
showing method	5
open stand	5
tests made	5
heading sept	5
frequent intervals	5
west portion	5
station building	5
permanent bench	5
bag batch	5
simple matter	5
side thrust	5
time required	5
will make	5
pocket iron	4
two rows	4
experiments noted	4
ring taken	4
avenue wall	4
rock going	4
rate per	4
left open	4
results obtained	4
detailed records	4
temporary posts	4
stone used	4
total per	4
distance east	4
power conduits	4
many instances	4
exposed sand	4
fowler warehouse	4
broaching line	4
varied greatly	4
writer will	4
temporary timbering	4
preliminary work	4
different classes	4
plate headings	4
steel structure	4
two sections	4
one point	4
grout hole	4
lower portion	4
caulking groove	4
month date	4
mixed face	4
assistant tunnel	4
rated capacity	4
blacksmith shop	4
shaft sites	4
southern pine	4
inner edge	4
square earth	4
pumping plant	4
two electric	4
several places	4
drill shift	4
time hrs	4
second bulkhead	4
plate lxv	4
west shafts	4
circumferential reinforcement	4
coarse sand	4
sufficiently large	4
railroad traffic	4
kennard thomson	4
appointed chief	4
plate xxvi	4
died february	4
lower end	4
pacific railroad	4
northern grafton	4
central plant	4
masonry retaining	4
per gallon	4
forward force	4
recent years	4
one case	4
looking north	4
manhattan island	4
two steel	4
bound track	4
circumferential flanges	4
weight weight	4
succeeding papers	4
top full	4
vertical diameter	4
four years	4
central portion	4
bulkhead walls	4
river draw	4
work east	4
laying concrete	4
died march	4
gy west	4
rock broke	4
great many	4
first put	4
per per	4
broken plate	4
radial joint	4
plate xxx	4
mooted questions	4
high vertical	4
steam railroad	4
entirely satisfactory	4
first two	4
uniform thickness	4
per yd	4
pumping plants	4
actual cost	4
train resistance	4
drill steel	4
supporting elevated	4
plate lxiii	4
loading platform	4
air line	4
will find	4
entire width	4
give access	4
avenue plant	4
air lock	4
north manhattan	4
live load	4
arch timbers	4
heat will	4
table shows	4
bearing power	4
foremen foremen	4
working gang	4
material required	4
full section	4
rock bench	4
beam ties	4
thought best	4
excavation done	4
escaping air	4
station construction	4
trap rock	4
dumping buckets	4
street shaft	4
large rock	4
pennsylvania company	4
two small	4
spigot pipe	4
tunnel cars	4
heading july	4
baldwin catalogue	4
trailing platform	4
erection labor	4
full rock	4
electric cables	4
foot per	4
two pieces	4
muck taken	4
velocity measurements	4
local conditions	4
earth soft	4
west thirty	4
great pressure	4
steel rings	4
mean low	4
tion lost	4
showing underpinning	4
brick arches	4
ring yard	4
shore line	4
cold weather	4
fixed hoods	4
facing mortar	4
sliding extensions	4
open material	4
greater portion	4
known theory	4
dumping board	4
curb line	4
different methods	4
plate xli	4
transit railroad	4
large enough	4
vertical leads	4
engineering news	4
soon became	4
eastern end	4
completed tunnel	4
mining cars	4
required timbering	4
work included	4
upper end	4
firm material	4
large air	4
will carry	4
vertical breast	4
greater depth	4
excavating plant	4
careful reading	4
soft rock	4
manufacturing company	4
general resident	4
dock plant	4
service reservoirs	4
exhaust valves	4
upper floor	4
stresses due	4
somewhat similar	4
first bulkhead	4
four shields	4
gas pipes	4
lost total	4
california stove	4
first period	4
plate xxv	4
concrete base	4
water pumps	4
dotted lines	4
middle drain	4
fixed extensions	4
apart vertically	4
average amount	4
seventh avenues	4
lower half	4
cubic mucking	4
heading dec	4
without timbering	4
perfect contact	4
disposal pier	4
experiments made	4
short description	4
grout pipe	4
different times	4
writer agrees	4
given turbidity	4
brick wall	4
tested timbers	4
ft ft	4
approximately ft	4
freight tracks	4
plate lxvi	4
will probably	4
trench mica	4
plate xiv	4
north abutment	4
span twin	4
trolley tracks	4
tightening bolts	4
river gas	4
cut section	4
general method	4
oe nixville	4
diagram showing	4
also drilled	4
sized single	4
earth poling	4
corona summit	4
boards braced	4
vertical boiler	4
incrusting solids	4
low water	4
doors open	4
plate lxvii	4
will cause	4
center wall	4
cut work	4
full volume	4
per pound	4
fixed hood	4
excavated banks	4
station lin	4
earth excavated	4
important part	4
reaching new	4
dollars per	4
tunnel center	4
second avenue	4
pure water	4
nearly completed	4
city engineer	4
driven ahead	4
plant running	4
loblolly pine	4
yards cubic	4
longitudinal shear	4
day general	4
public service	4
four times	4
track railroad	4
grout holes	4
assistant chief	4
previously stated	4
maiden lane	4
two classes	4
always kept	4
large proportion	4
driving shield	4
arthur payne	4
full depth	4
main tracks	4
shaft sump	4
careful consideration	4
herein described	4
riveted steel	4
ton jack	4
showing excavation	4
iron filings	4
final lines	4
will fail	4
three classes	4
looking east	4
base line	4
rock excavated	4
total force	4
much easier	4
view looking	4
salt water	4
cameron pumps	4
baldwin loco	4
heavy pressure	4
total items	4
permanent timbering	4
river bottom	4
shoving shield	4
excavated materials	4
heading advanced	4
pennsylvania system	4
grafton greenough	4
pieces shall	4
schist center	4
manhattan shield	4
iron rings	4
much larger	4
average length	4
introductory paper	4
close contact	4
material excavated	4
pressure will	4
including bolting	4
middle wall	4
glendale cut	4
actual amount	4
division engineer	4
per bent	4
muck cars	4
branch pipe	4
preliminary headings	4
detailed description	4
wet sand	4
five rows	4
excavation partially	4
general scheme	4
splicing chambers	4
bay city	4
pile met	4
became necessary	4
one stiff	4
force per	4
will also	4
different kinds	4
mucking tion	4
overlying material	4
steam shall	4
arching effect	4
opposite sides	4
hackensack portal	4
removing hood	4
new design	4
material will	4
items hrs	4
metal used	4
house plant	4
plate xliii	4
first step	4
small shaft	3
elevated railroads	3
ke may	3
complete disposal	3
analyzed cost	3
forward end	3
avoid damage	3
vice versa	3
three times	3
westerly side	3
st st	3
power pumps	3
ground surface	3
another paper	3
entire face	3
partly constructed	3
careful study	3
delivering water	3
sufficient depth	3
consulting engineers	3
previous paper	3
outside forms	3
staten island	3
division tracks	3
running tracks	3
considerable settlement	3
top timbers	3
labor cost	3
various stages	3
will now	3
new lines	3
railroad companies	3
railroad commissioners	3
hot asphalt	3
flat steel	3
side toward	3
new haven	3
place measurement	3
described elsewhere	3
compressor plant	3
survey stations	3
cut excavation	3
overhead platform	3
town movement	3
will undoubtedly	3
tunnels begun	3
november st	3
detailed cost	3
steel without	3
forest service	3
cement per	3
terminal area	3
ki may	3
drainage system	3
lower deck	3
two shifts	3
south sidewalk	3
side trees	3
outside concrete	3
writer jostled	3
oil fields	3
associate member	3
entire work	3
bottom fell	3
bad rock	3
side holes	3
vertical ordinate	3
working space	3
business center	3
saw cuts	3
hundred feet	3
general design	3
five times	3
beyond doubt	3
close together	3
city railway	3
almost immediately	3
pressure varied	3
project gutenberg	3
gauge readings	3
worked per	3
bad ground	3
live steam	3
great interest	3
min hrs	3
rock face	3
superheated steam	3
glen cove	3
wall ft	3
avenue portal	3
storage reservoir	3
split end	3
eleven segments	3
greater loading	3
summit avenue	3
center compartments	3
entire scheme	3
every case	3
piles driven	3
mixing plant	3
edward godfrey	3
specially designed	3
another contract	3
pulled forward	3
total earth	3
built across	3
new concrete	3
split longitudinally	3
plug cover	3
engineer assistant	3
time mr	3
plate xx	3
excavation center	3
two segments	3
hill tunnel	3
bench forms	3
steel pipe	3
tied together	3
plate lv	3
maximum speed	3
pilot tunnel	3
concrete started	3
set ft	3
tunnels driven	3
full area	3
full pipe	3
release valve	3
rail ft	3
dated june	3
water directly	3
physical defect	3
ordinary manner	3
superimposed load	3
extended beyond	3
rear wall	3
square partially	3
relative velocities	3
extra heavy	3
hydraulic action	3
caissons sunk	3
additional track	3
rods used	3
sledge hammer	3
lateral movement	3
stake boat	3
patrick fitzgerald	3
made without	3
island side	3
arch concrete	3
accurate limits	3
subaqueous materials	3
fill will	3
street lines	3
little less	3
paper page	3
elman johnson	3
problems similar	3
larger bucket	3
large volume	3
pushed back	3
lead joint	3
shield showing	3
main beams	3
four single	3
map showing	3
charles herbert	3
mechanical ventilation	3
iron without	3
safety valves	3
circumferential joint	3
concrete used	3
timbering face	3
dump cars	3
electric generators	3
track structure	3
shoved ahead	3
entire surface	3
real value	3
second vice	3
concrete finished	3
wall required	3
concrete structure	3
tower victoria	3
finishing rolls	3
figures relating	3
four drills	3
running continuously	3
without pockets	3
measurable leakage	3
per barrel	3
pipe full	3
manhattan borough	3
local traffic	3
engineering profession	3
chemical composition	3
long grades	3
four derricks	3
loose rock	3
john fiske	3
james forgie	3
permanent bents	3
two coats	3
longitudinal section	3
terminal power	3
much water	3
natural cover	3
short length	3
steel beams	3
general features	3
two columns	3
february st	3
rock surfaces	3
placed ft	3
feet drilled	3
transmitted laterally	3
fender piles	3
well known	3
rodding mandrel	3
cracked stone	3
base required	3
railroad trains	3
considerable time	3
whole height	3
york quicksand	3
different points	3
ordinary sand	3
interior surface	3
unloading sand	3
bench total	3
cars standing	3
rather wet	3
small scale	3
southern railway	3
general average	3
light iron	3
railroad water	3
steel rod	3
partially completed	3
vertical position	3
tunnel terminal	3
various classes	3
foot sufficiently	3
full length	3
crown level	3
vertical face	3
outside circumference	3
local passenger	3
plate paper	3
reading railroad	3
time tunnel	3
enough air	3
south caisson	3
form carriages	3
assumed center	3
sheeted trenches	3
standard cross	3
laid along	3
total total	3
temporary structures	3
timber work	3
final rodding	3
shield work	3
engineering force	3
just south	3
first type	3
plate viii	3
plate lxxii	3
cables attached	3
madison avenue	3
adjacent buildings	3
suez canal	3
will increase	3
drills mounted	3
easily handled	3
smooth steel	3
fifth street	3
assistant engineers	3
loose sand	3
hydraulic jack	3
local trains	3
express trains	3
george gibbs	3
property line	3
plate lvi	3
space occupied	3
every effort	3
also made	3
south manhattan	3
good rock	3
general manager	3
called section	3
old foundation	3
little trouble	3
streets opposite	3
tunnel transportation	3
total area	3
first appearance	3
moist sand	3
broke better	3
tunnel passes	3
middle third	3
takes place	3
two sides	3
plate xxxix	3
first erected	3
little attention	3
street station	3
must necessarily	3
dated april	3
plate heading	3
somewhat less	3
will change	3
good idea	3
shorter grades	3
without taking	3
base lines	3
ground within	3
showing rock	3
partially maximum	3
two sons	3
steel girders	3
air compressors	3
tunnels extending	3
actual average	3
rock disappeared	3
main divisions	3
soon found	3
first ten	3
pump main	3
total capacity	3
tunnel arches	3
heavy buildings	3
tunnel segments	3
weehawken rock	3
iron segments	3
approximating tons	3
will frequently	3
pipe pile	3
called quicksand	3
west supplementary	3
manner described	3
passenger tracks	3
overhead girders	3
technical training	3
sump segments	3
plate lxxi	3
upper surface	3
excessive loss	3
locomotives will	3
temporary shaft	3
two longitudinal	3
special construction	3
contract plans	3
packed stone	3
air supply	3
sea water	3
railroad tunnels	3
transit company	3
first pair	3
one month	3
wooden piles	3
without removing	3
tunnel north	3
much lower	3
cement warehouses	3
manhattan gas	3
cut feb	3
american bridge	3
preliminary borings	3
air cylinder	3
soupy sands	3
borne commerce	3
yard tunnel	3
facilitate stripping	3
lining castings	3
transit subway	3
henderson sample	3
timber used	3
several feet	3
business transactions	3
transverse bulkhead	3
two double	3
total excavation	3
second test	3
hydraulic power	3
tunnels near	3
field staff	3
engine oil	3
embedded stone	3
wire rope	3
tunnel sewer	3
pure quicksand	3
york district	3
line compressors	3
surrounding earth	3
newly excavated	3
heading timbered	3
professional career	3
william meier	3
moved along	3
new line	3
south wall	3
greatly enlarged	3
month assistant	3
date timber	3
north wall	3
rock tunnel	3
certain quantity	3
two platforms	3
pile supports	3
normal slopes	3
splice bars	3
largely increased	3
bench aug	3
quite probable	3
gauge track	3
fourth avenue	3
good quality	3
water may	3
averaged lb	3
two bottom	3
timbers shall	3
high school	3
plate xxiii	3
per lb	3
washington plant	3
western end	3
iron water	3
dredging plane	3
burlington quincy	3
general methods	3
small part	3
concrete cars	3
middle section	3
battery tubes	3
cotton duck	3
corrugated iron	3
maximum load	3
disposal period	3
england water	3
whole force	3
interborough rapid	3
first set	3
also prepared	3
net weight	3
pressure may	3
steel lining	3
way duct	3
will form	3
good condition	3
central core	3
rock encountered	3
removal labor	3
alfred hasbrouck	3
park place	3
ordinary pocketless	3
temporary platform	3
definite thickness	3
various types	3
ridge tunnel	3
railroads reaching	3
one mile	3
deep trenches	3
pocketless iron	3
surface labor	3
form used	3
steam engine	3
slightly greater	3
looking west	3
undisturbed material	3
feed pumps	3
one set	3
additional back	3
two short	3
loading material	3
light charges	3
several hours	3
water coming	3
arch forms	3
materials except	3
day per	3
engine storage	3
securely braced	3
chenoweth pile	3
freight shed	3
extended westward	3
one plant	3
materials used	3
four lines	3
obtained permission	3
jacobus van	3
feet south	3
cost records	3
maximum curvature	3
ko may	3
railroad system	3
entire order	3
duct feet	3
bottom lift	3
interior diameter	3
many engineers	3
intermediate cap	3
became chief	3
will stand	3
water per	3
mechanical engineer	3
morton street	3
pocket book	3
became evident	3
except rock	3
might occur	3
two separate	3
concrete construction	3
practical purposes	3
results may	3
intermediate caps	3
cornice forms	3
deck construction	3
subaqueous shield	3
sand layer	3
weehawken land	3
station yard	3
late fall	3
lower bent	3
aqueous matter	3
hydraulic erector	3
concrete mixers	3
tunnel westward	3
pile bore	3
doors closed	3
feet per	3
two portions	3
lower edge	3
reasonably accurate	3
drift excavated	3
readily seen	3
raker bench	3
pitch water	3
kept separate	3
iron section	3
standard tunnel	3
traffic facilities	3
concrete work	3
date month	3
posts resting	3
equivalent area	3
many places	3
tons capacity	3
fiske barnard	3
city shafts	3
preliminary treatment	3
fairly well	3
thought desirable	3
used successfully	3
pipe lines	3
plaster coat	3
shop contained	3
august st	3
per bbl	3
carrizozo plain	3
broaching holes	3
first removed	3
new section	3
gas tunnel	3
river silt	3
nd st	3
girders carrying	3
sectional sliding	3
working platform	3
station site	3
rings containing	3
east th	3
hoist engineer	3
pipe will	3
unloading points	3
normally dry	3
twelve sections	3
sound rock	3
rock drills	3
boundary line	3
within five	3
several years	3
several occasions	3
permanent work	3
great difficulty	3
next fifteen	3
street tunnels	3
aqueous masses	3
bore plug	3
future time	3
meadows yard	3
sections showing	3
safety valve	3
general labor	3
south edge	3
entire construction	3
one operation	3
near eleventh	3
public schools	3
red lead	3
bolts grummeted	3
original contract	3
yacht pier	3
cow bay	3
hours min	3
easterly end	3
light company	3
estimated cost	3
dryer sand	3
jersey division	3
annular space	3
upper half	3
firmly braced	3
first chutes	3
author states	3
ransome mixers	3
pier lines	3
unit cost	3
small cameron	3
active service	3
unit prices	3
replacing sand	3
lower platform	3
internal bracing	3
air required	3
submerged structures	3
first ft	3
gas light	3
shows one	3
securely spiked	3
two instances	3
duct ft	3
mather smith	3
six rows	3
given point	3
face forms	3
manner similar	3
main features	3
plate xxxviii	3
thence running	3
take care	3
plate vii	3
hydraulic grades	3
high pressure	3
rail shall	3
normal slope	3
driven eastward	3
boonton branch	3
directly chargeable	3
neat lines	3
power station	3
edge air	3
vent pipes	3
steel castings	3
looking northwest	3
dumped directly	3
near glen	3
chief engineers	3
small openings	3
general view	3
average quantity	3
required amount	3
forward ends	3
circumferential flange	3
pump chambers	3
top cap	3
thence eastward	3
fifteen years	3
manhattan ledge	3
broken segments	3
english lime	3
gauge railway	3
snatch teams	3
caisson shafts	3
beam tested	3
manhattan tunnels	3
carpenter shop	3
england states	3
bulkhead lines	3
traffic capacity	3
serious difficulties	3
herbert deans	3
main items	3
civil engineering	3
melting point	3
showing first	3
baldwin avenue	3
inner edges	3
transverse polings	3
john stephen	3
cement wash	3
reference type	3
used per	3
heavy type	3
tunnels will	3
santa fe	3
full normal	3
two steam	3
sliding hood	3
taper base	3
upper bent	3
tunnel inspectors	3
topeka santa	3
weed brown	3
unit costs	3
also believes	3
plate xxxii	3
manhattan tunnel	3
power plant	3
just outside	3
cubic run	3
pressure exerted	3
gravity section	3
one shift	3
duct laying	3
steel angles	2
avoid undue	2
two operations	2
arching stability	2
ferry traffic	2
piston began	2
may change	2
gravity supplies	2
handling cement	2
every second	2
double heading	2
bench sept	2
crayon sketch	2
appreciable viscosity	2
tunnel without	2
work adopted	2
plate liv	2
contract company	2
telegraph ducts	2
empty coal	2
freight trains	2
without breaking	2
weight required	2
tunnel shell	2
brief account	2
conditions will	2
pocketless type	2
held tightly	2
sheeted trench	2
bottom jacks	2
excavation completed	2
cylinder air	2
finely divided	2
entirely independent	2
rapidly advanced	2
gravity sections	2
steel chute	2
tapered lagging	2
three groups	2
fully described	2
ram moving	2
piled vertically	2
move freely	2
first cost	2
bacterial counts	2
trains destined	2
station near	2
made ready	2
construct tunnels	2
greenville yard	2
weight utilized	2
shoreward side	2
copper pipe	2
solid line	2
hour min	2
order will	2
troublesome features	2
experiment consisted	2
showing area	2
slight subsidence	2
western division	2
thoroughly grouted	2
ply tar	2
little experience	2
current state	2
pipes leading	2
working faces	2
acting rams	2
broken rock	2
piles piles	2
absolutely tight	2
rose gradually	2
tunnel south	2
deductions therefrom	2
timber raised	2
rockaway beach	2
timber platform	2
three months	2
rio grande	2
permanent position	2
practically completed	2
firm materials	2
concrete caissons	2
first plate	2
minimum pressure	2
approximately twice	2
much rock	2
total volume	2
take place	2
brick armor	2
operation repeated	2
new arrangements	2
one another	2
structure along	2
mixed ground	2
wearing rail	2
surface inspectors	2
rodding multiple	2
vertical lagging	2
energy due	2
ran back	2
manhattan will	2
built around	2
work just	2
material saving	2
pearson contract	2
three horizontal	2
area remaining	2
piston might	2
air plant	2
rodding single	2
careful inspection	2
two faces	2
average pressure	2
steel diaphragm	2
young man	2
latter point	2
joseph wright	2
thorough ventilation	2
part elevated	2
richard montfort	2
placed longitudinally	2
express matter	2
seven weeks	2
southwestern system	2
controlling valves	2
put together	2
narrowed twin	2
may cause	2
actual friction	2
longitudinal girders	2
vitrified pipes	2
wood staves	2
vitrified paving	2
appointed assistant	2
assistant superintendent	2
engines mounted	2
general tunnel	2
ordinary ground	2
solid stone	2
solid matter	2
packed tight	2
hr min	2
three different	2
using concrete	2
typical bent	2
excessive depth	2
telephone ducts	2
prevent rupture	2
iron company	2
inner bent	2
pipe diameters	2
time ago	2
open doors	2
ascending grade	2
placing water	2
steel tapes	2
electrically driven	2
dead weight	2
freight facilities	2
equivalent pressure	2
circumstances dictated	2
badly broken	2
full title	2
results given	2
main types	2
long length	2
good many	2
sliding joints	2
floor template	2
led back	2
four rings	2
liquid weighing	2
satisfactory results	2
new amsterdam	2
equals zero	2
first miles	2
certainly prior	2
concrete inside	2
wire brushes	2
electric lights	2
obvious alternative	2
known precautions	2
necessarily rather	2
lower elevation	2
grand central	2
spiked together	2
middle trench	2
description will	2
street east	2
front forms	2
deans entered	2
works association	2
beam iv	2
per second	2
pumped directly	2
center soft	2
bad weather	2
great importance	2
average temperature	2
partially average	2
initial pressure	2
rendered using	2
percival roberts	2
missouri pacific	2
complete ring	2
much time	2
shown graphically	2
three rand	2
vertical jack	2
concrete cross	2
hours per	2
pipe per	2
gas mains	2
tunnel built	2
avenue leading	2
scraped clean	2
completely excavated	2
yards placed	2
inside scaffold	2
small pilasters	2
bending tests	2
disintegrated rock	2
pressures equal	2
shoal water	2
conditions met	2
double bents	2
bridge work	2
lidgerwood boiler	2
change somewhat	2
large factor	2
henry japp	2
described previously	2
placed directly	2
different batters	2
soft nature	2
displaced plates	2
taken directly	2
president since	2
franchise granted	2
sufficiently heavy	2
able air	2
chief points	2
drum lambert	2
run along	2
various pieces	2
small concrete	2
thick base	2
badly seamed	2
nearly parallel	2
minor modifications	2
victoria water	2
assumed arches	2
east track	2
standard joints	2
crusher plant	2
lake railroad	2
three tiers	2
every section	2
man per	2
iron men	2
stone per	2
full water	2
accepted without	2
phi angle	2
gravity system	2
two lifts	2
tunnel timbering	2
secondary platform	2
compressor running	2
various modifications	2
city will	2
medical officer	2
railway trains	2
careful handling	2
contractor maintained	2
much air	2
michigan pipe	2
dumping mixers	2
timber cradle	2
north edge	2
absolutely necessary	2
many points	2
gear engines	2
using compressed	2
structural engineering	2
platforms will	2
three distinct	2
briquetting machine	2
proposed new	2
tunnel ft	2
ring erected	2
anyone doubt	2
short sections	2
wooden walls	2
similar material	2
measuring loss	2
vitrified pipe	2
heavy trucks	2
three hydraulic	2
executive officer	2
ultimate strength	2
desired quantity	2
one heavy	2
plate xl	2
grouting outside	2
laid across	2
always considered	2
nearly equal	2
proofing consisted	2
much room	2
survey station	2
will always	2
locomotive may	2
electric shunt	2
electric power	2
contracting firm	2
erection time	2
expansion joint	2
city council	2
three residencies	2
newtown creek	2
finally become	2
rods supporting	2
decreasing since	2
improvement proper	2
column arch	2
damp spots	2
extended eastward	2
concrete cradle	2
water displaced	2
duplex pump	2
carefully worked	2
beam vi	2
vitrified earthenware	2
ten months	2
iron may	2
two pipes	2
one derrick	2
average excavation	2
two pumps	2
reinforcement consists	2
top discard	2
nd street	2
shield fitted	2
upper plates	2
engineer will	2
floor concrete	2
material brought	2
five cross	2
grade revision	2
driven blind	2
cover work	2
facing diaphragms	2
former paper	2
terminal improvement	2
homogeneous material	2
service mains	2
will come	2
thorough inspection	2
shield door	2
transport laborers	2
either end	2
well advanced	2
proper quantities	2
gradually widened	2
two shields	2
averaged min	2
heavily loaded	2
resume work	2
form stood	2
cable haulage	2
parts received	2
terminal passenger	2
laid circumferentially	2
th ward	2
second period	2
earth earth	2
good deal	2
shall work	2
construction purposes	2
final disposal	2
silt displaced	2
cement brick	2
west th	2
every respect	2
river approached	2
inner waters	2
tunnel level	2
standard cast	2
contractor furnished	2
large numbers	2
sterling boilers	2
bound traffic	2
desired position	2
bucket conveyor	2
goodrich assumes	2
one small	2
one additional	2
additional ones	2
barges furnished	2
pedestrian traffic	2
balancing pressure	2
near th	2
head trees	2
carefully pasted	2
greatest care	2
two consecutive	2
absolutely safe	2
plates attached	2
two months	2
one society	2
platform rams	2
box forms	2
drains back	2
mechanical analysis	2
showing widths	2
old concrete	2
red sand	2
manhattan beach	2
three layers	2
mild steel	2
tulane university	2
natural state	2
wooden piston	2
key lagging	2
also high	2
natural arch	2
transit board	2
weaken wood	2
narrow limits	2
landward side	2
railway location	2
area subject	2
three parts	2
complete chemical	2
extensive repairs	2
metropolitan district	2
minimum height	2
average air	2
entire line	2
phosphorus content	2
ditch boxes	2
island bridge	2
properly done	2
ultimate capacity	2
tunneling general	2
considerable depth	2
exterior width	2
york state	2
signalmen muckers	2
dated november	2
joralemon street	2
methods used	2
true arch	2
every way	2
small sand	2
carefully made	2
circular arches	2
borden avenue	2
close accord	2
radialax machine	2
swinging gear	2
author index	2
without waiting	2
preceding pages	2
one shall	2
schist bench	2
soft concrete	2
continual slipping	2
equal signs	2
pressure toward	2
specific data	2
laborers watchmen	2
center medium	2
considering semi	2
monthly progress	2
perfectly tight	2
machine per	2
city blocks	2
height permissible	2
maximum reaction	2
large steel	2
practically finished	2
top rail	2
sometimes two	2
generally made	2
automatic air	2
railway column	2
rock july	2
steel wedge	2
took min	2
proved without	2
upper ft	2
settlement took	2
facilities connected	2
linear linear	2
frozen sand	2
headings east	2
carrizozo service	2
thomson avenue	2
original bottom	2
hudson schist	2
stone ballast	2
gauge cars	2
sufficient width	2
reinforcement extends	2
full capacity	2
sound material	2
circumferential reinforcing	2
machine shop	2
passage lining	2
rail connection	2
per powder	2
blake manufacturing	2
within reasonably	2
exhaust steam	2
boat service	2
town station	2
form lumber	2
rings per	2
th row	2
brought together	2
bound tunnels	2
key given	2
initial settlement	2
good material	2
carefully regulated	2
pit east	2
permit allowed	2
center rows	2
considerable part	2
full discussion	2
complete destruction	2
considerable force	2
plates plate	2
eight electric	2
special consideration	2
three tunnels	2
weehawken tunnel	2
will agree	2
three stages	2
proper laps	2
drains leading	2
low pressure	2
may require	2
several hundred	2
four hours	2
additional platforms	2
latter company	2
eight caissons	2
city terminal	2
working three	2
loading points	2
horizontal distance	2
authoritative opinions	2
shoved together	2
circular conduit	2
corresponding ones	2
chief tunnel	2
bridge foundations	2
wherever possible	2
plate liii	2
bearing ground	2